Revegetation - OSM Technology Transfer - Office of Surface Mining

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McIssac, G.F., J.K. Mitchell and M.C. Hirschi. 1987. Slope steepness effects on soil loss from disturbed lands. Transactions of the ASAE. 30:1005-1013. Munshower, Frank F. 1994. Practical Handbook of Disturbed Land Revegetation. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL. 265p. Power, J.F., F.M. Sanduval, R.E. Ries, and S.D. Merrill. 1981. Effects of topsoil and subsoil thickness on soil water content and crop production on a disturbed soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 45:124-129. Redente, E.F., and H.E. Hargis. 1985. An evaluation of soil thickness and manipulation of soil and spoil for reclaiming mined land in northwestern Colorado. Reclamation and Revegetation Research. 4: 1729-1732. Redente, E.F., T. McLendon, W. Agnew. 1997. Influence of topsoil depth on plant community dynamics of a seeded site in Northwest Colorado. Arid Soil Research Land Rehabilitation. 11:139-149. Renard, K.G., G.R. Foster, G.A. Weesies, D.K. McCool, D.C. Yoder. January 1997. Predicting soil erosion by water: a guide to conservation planning with the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). USDA ARS Agricultural Handbook 703. Schroeder, S.A. 1987. Slope gradient effect on erosion of reshaped spoil. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 51:405-409. Sidle, Roy C., R.W. Brown, and B.D. Williams. 1993. Erosion processes on arid minespoil slopes. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 57:1341-1347. Simanton, J.R., E. Rawitz, and E.D. Shirley. 1984. Effects of rock fragments on erosion of semiarid rangeland soils. In Soil Erosion: Prediction and Control. Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, IA. pp. 65-72. Singer, Micheal J., and J. Blackard. 1982. Slope angle – Interrill soil loss relationships for slopes up to 50%. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 46:1270 – 1273. Toy, Terrence J. 1989. Geomorphic responses of natural and reclaimed hillslopes to precipitation events in Wyoming. In: Proceedings of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation 6 th Annual National Meeting. Calgary, Alberta. 219-228. Wraith, Jon M. and Dani Or. 1998. Nonlinear variable estimation using spreadsheet software. Journal of Natural Resources, Life Science and Education. 27. pp. 13-19
2000 Billings Land Symposium SUCCESSFUL TECHNIQUES FOR HIGH ALTITUDE STEEP SLOPE REVEGETATION J. T. Harrington 1 , A. M. Wagner 2 , and D. R. Dreesen 3 ABSTRACT The Molycorp, Inc. Questa mine is located in northern New Mexico in an area of steep topography. Dump construction during the open pit operation utilized steep canyons to create the dumps. The resulting overburden slopes are relatively shallow, steep and high (over 500 feet). A state highway and river, located near the toe of the slopes preclude reshaping of the piles. The angle (steepness) of the slopes is similar to the natural topography, which supports primarily a mixed conifer ecosystem. Development of a selfsustaining ecosystem appropriate to the site is the underlying goal of the revegetation program. The relatively rapid physical weathering of the waste rock creates a suitable planting medium for the seedlings. An in situ method for reclamation was developed based on over 20 years of research and planting programs. Both the fast growing early successional overstory species (Populus angustifolia, Quercus gambelii, Robinia neomexicana, etc.) and the slower growing, later successional overstory species (Pinus ponderosa, P. flexilis, Abies concolor, etc.) are planted simultaneously along with appropriate understory species. The differential growth of the two types of overstory species is intended to shorten the time frame to achieve a more stable, later successional plant community. Standard forestry techniques were adapted for the reclamation program. In general, seedlings of the overstory and shrub species are hand planted on the slopes using hoedads and grasses and forbs are established using direct seeding techniques. First year survival for transplants has averaged 80%. This survival rate has been attributed to three main features of the program: 1) using site adapted (genetic) stock; 2) planting pre-conditioned container grown stock; and 3) proper planting techniques. The expanded revegetation program is in its fourth year with over 130,000 seedlings planted. ________________ Additional Key Words: reforestation, reclamation. 1 Associate Professor, Mora Research Center, New Mexico State University, Mora, NM 87732 2 Molycorp, Inc., Questa, NM, 87556 3 Los Lunas Plant Materials Center, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Los Lunas, NM 87031.
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2000 Billings Land Reclamation Symp
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ock layers, the topography of the r
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Table 1. Comparision of Reference A
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generally greater on the revegetate
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growing season. Low and high precip
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Table 2. Comparison of Vegetation P
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REFERENCES CEC. 1998. Coors Energy
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METHODS Six mining companies submit
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NRCS derived standard. The NRCS der
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SUMMARY Production, diversity and s
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SUCCESSFUL RECLAMATION TECHNIQUES A
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May, 24, 1975 (LQD Rules and Regula
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Bond release requirements for the R
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The bond release area blended well
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y the planting of the native seed m
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References Final bond release crite
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It is familiar that many succession
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soils of the NA and PCT areas (Tabl
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In the SMT and NA areas, the correl
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All the grasses performed better on
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We believe that our findings relati
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for the life spans of the dominant
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INTRODUCTION Concern about the envi
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Following agreement on the systems
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land with respect to whether it is
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Environmental Concerns in Rights-of
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INTRODUCTION North Dakota enacted i
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eality by lessening the impact of a
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compared to show the relationship o
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the last quarter of the 19 th Centu
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DISCUSSION The PDSI has several adv
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Mock, C. J. 1991. Drought and preci
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size delineation is approximately t
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Table 1. Comparison of Williams & B
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least 2 of the 3 years that product
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This reclaimed mineland study was d
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surface traffic which followed the
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Another factor that may have contri
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since the plots were only fertilize
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successive pit is then placed on to
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gave the trees moisture retaining s
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INTRODUCTION While numerous studies
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In desert ecosystems of North Ameri
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Physically, the reconstructed soil
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small percentage of inhibitory soil
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INTRODUCTION In order to address co
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areas by soil depth were also gathe
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T52N Powder River Coal- Rawhide T50
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Table 2. Study Area Compared to Bre
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STUDY AREA The study area is Seneca
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Plant competition did not significa
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Tilman, D. and D. Wedin. 1991. “D
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INTRODUCTION The Montana Strip and
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livestock. The environmental charac
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In Montana, as well as much of the
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REFERENCES Econ, Inc. 1983. Vegetat
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INTRODUCTION In 1996, owners of a s
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Table 1. Physical and chemical char
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surface soils collected from both b
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Page 134 and 135: The Book Cliffs lie within the Pric
Page 136 and 137: Rock Outcrop Rubbleland Topsoil Sto
Page 138 and 139: pinyon/juniper, Douglas fir/Rocky M
Page 140 and 141: Construction and Reclamation Sequen
Page 142 and 143: LEGEND: Cap Layer Material Excess I
Page 144 and 145: Step 7: LEGEND: Cap Layer Material
Page 146 and 147: A North Slope Rock, rubble Sideslop
Page 148 and 149: Approximate Original Contour Restor
Page 150 and 151: Regulatory Concerns with the Experi
Page 152 and 153: Nyenhuis, J. H. 1997. Soil resource
Page 154 and 155: INTRODUCTION Management of soils on
Page 156 and 157: Soil samples were collected from th
Page 159 and 160: situ soil. Data from the Irigaray R
Page 162 and 163: The data on soil microbial biomass
Page 164 and 165: 2000 Billings Land Reclamation Symp
Page 167 and 168: Coal Basin is characterized by uniq
Page 169 and 170: A problem developed the summer foll
Page 171 and 172: delivered to the DMG over one thous
Page 173 and 174: A variety of containerized shrubs (
Page 175 and 176: TABLE 3. OUTSLOPE SEED MIXTURE SPEC
Page 177 and 178: INTRODUCTION Hard rock mines in the
Page 179 and 180: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Coversoil an
Page 181 and 182: Table 2. Effect of coversoil thickn
Page 183: Brady, Nyle C. and R.R. Weil. 1996.
Page 187 and 188: Traditional approaches to revegetat
Page 189 and 190: Table 1. Survival and mean vigor ra
Page 191 and 192: Survival (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 �
Page 193 and 194: Seven planting sites were evaluated
Page 195 and 196: Table 5. Summary survival and parti
Page 197 and 198: 2000 Billings Land Reclamation Symp
Page 199 and 200: SPECIES SELECTION Once the NPS made
Page 201 and 202: There is some question as to how mu
Page 203 and 204: Restoration within Yellowstone and
Page 205 and 206: Altitude Revegetation Workshop, No.
Page 207 and 208: INTRODUCTION The legacy of Montana
Page 209 and 210: METHODS AND MATERIALS The project d
Page 211 and 212: elt seeder based on a seeding rate
Page 213 and 214: Table 2. Anaconda Initial Evaluatio
Page 215 and 216: Planting begins with seedbed prepar
Page 217 and 218: REFERENCES Bradshaw, A.D.; McNeilly
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