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Selezione stampa internazionale 21 - 27 marzo 2011
INDICE
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Independent
TEMI DELLA SETTIMANA
Gli alleati occidentali stanno avendo delle serie
difficoltà nel trovare una strategia coerente in Libia.
... 6
Al Hayat Libia, la Nato guiderà le operazioni militari contro
Gheddafi; lo hanno riferito fonti diplomatiche a
Bruxelles, dicendo che il passaggio delle consegne del
comando avverrà entro lunedì o martedì prossimi.
... 8
Izvestija Il presidente russo Dmitri Medvedev, durante un
incontro con il ministro della Difesa Usa Robert Gates
tenuto ieri a Mosca, ha ribadito la disponibilità della
Russia ad agire da mediatore nella composizione
pacifica del conflitto in Libia.
... 10
Xinhua La Cina continua a prendere le distanze dalla forza di
coalizione internazionale all'attacco della Libia.
... 11
Guardian Odissea all’alba. Una flotta di navi da guerra ha
iniziato a pattugliare sotto il comando della Nato le
acque libiche del Mediterraneo, per prevenire lo
sbarco di mercenari assoldati dal rais Muammar
Gheddafi.
... 12
Guardian Rivolte del Mondo arabo, Yemen: guerra civile? Il
presidente yemenita, Ali Abdullah Saleh, ha accusato i
generali disertori di voler organizzare un colpo di Stato
e ha avvisato che il paese piomberà in una guerra
civile se il suo governo sarà...
... 14
Guardian Rivolte del Mondo arabo, Siria: escalation di violenza. ... 16
Elaph Russia-Israele: all’indomani dell’attentato di
Gerusalemme, in cui è morta una donna e altre 30
persone sono rimaste ferite, il premier israeliano
Benjamin Netanyahu è giunto oggi a Mosca per una
visita mirata a convincere il Cremlino a ritirare il...
... 18
Asia Times Lo scopo dell’escalation della violenza tra Israele e
Hamas sembra essere quello di eliminare qualsiasi
possibilità di riconciliazione nella regione.
... 19
New York Times Il presidente Usa Barack Obama ha concluso ieri la
sua visita in America Latina con la tappa in El
Salvador, da cui proviene una delle comunità più
grandi di immigrati degli Usa: il capo della Casa
Bianca ha dichiarato d’accordo con il presidente ...
AFFARI ESTERI
... 22
Daily Telegraph Il generale statunitense David Petraeus, capo della
missione Nato in Afghanistan, ha dichiarato che
"migliaia di Talebani" sarebbero pronti a deporre le
armi; Petraeus ha parlato degli oltre 700 guerriglieri
che hanno aderito ai piani di...
... 24
Washington Post Il presidente afgano Hamid Karzai ha illustrato ieri i
dettagli della prima fase del piano che attribuirà alle
forze locali sempre maggiori responsabilità nella
gestione della sicurezza nazionale: il capo del governo
di Kabul ha spiegato che i suoi...
... 26
Huanqiu Shibao L'India sta rafforzando la presenza militare al confine
con la Cina per ragioni di sicurezza.
... 28
Tehran Times La Cina è convinta che il dialogo e i negoziati siano la
strada giusta per affrontare il problema nucleare
iraniano e ha quindi invitato alla calma tutti i paesi
interessati.
... 29
Al Sabah Iraq-Usa: Baghdad e Washington ribadiscono
l’importanza di rispettare gli accordi bilaterali siglati.
... 30

Los Angeles Times
INTERNO
In un incontro svoltosi ieri a Roma, le autorità regionali
italiane hanno promesso al ministro dell’Interno
Roberto Maroni che accoglieranno migliaia di migranti
arrivati nelle scorse settimane a Lampedusa.
... 32
New York Times Il recente esodo di migranti dalla Tunisia non ha
precedenti: le autorità italiane hanno sequestrato a
Lampedusa il 70 per cento della flotta di barche da
pesca tunisine, partite da Zarzis da dove provengono
appunto la maggior parte dei natanti...
... 33
El Mundo Emergenza immigrazione. ... 36
El Pais Spagna, questione basca. ... 37
El Mundo La polizia spagnola, in collaborazione con la Dea
statunitense e con le autorità italiane, romene ed
ecuadoriane, ha smantellato una rete di
narcotrafficanti di origine romena, sequestrando 364
chili di eroina.
... 39
Les Echos Francia, disoccupazione: in mancanza di una netta
schiarita, almeno si registra una pausa.
... 40
New York Times La crisi atomica in Giappone ha inflitto un duro colpo in
tutto il mondo all’industria del settore: l’Italia ieri è stato
uno degli ultimi paesi a rivedere i suoi progetti,
annunciando una moratoria di un anno al piano per
l’individuazione dei siti...
... 41
Guardian Gran Bretagna, nucleare: il governo britannico ha
previsto lo sviluppo del programma nucleare senza
aver considerato che dove sorgono le centrali la
percentuale di casi di cancro infantile è insolitamente
alta: è questa la motivazione che ha spinto...
... 44
New York Times La concentrazione di cittadini di colore residenti negli
Stati Usa del Sud ha raggiunto il livello più alto degli
ultimi 50 anni, grazie a un flusso di afro-americani
giovani e istruiti che abbandona le città del Nord Est e
del Midwest alla ricerca...
DIFESA
... 46
Lenta Il 22 marzo Russia e Usa si sono scambiati delle
informazioni sulla composizione e sulla dislocazione
degli armi che soggiacciono al Trattato sulla riduzione
degli armamenti offensivi strategici.
... 50
Krasnaja Zvezda La marina militare russa non prevede di seguire
l’esempio dei colleghi britannici che intendono
sostituire i reattori nucleari sui sommergibili atomici
dopo il recente incidente alla centrale nucleare
nipponica Fukushima-1: lo ha comunicato il...
... 51
Washington Post Intervista di David Ignatius a Robert Gates, ministro
della Difesa Usa.
... 52
Los Angeles Times Le forze aeree statunitensi hanno intenzione d’iniziare
oggi un volo di prova di un aereo sperimentale (l’X-51
WaveRider) che potrebbe raggiungere la velocità di
4mila miglia all’ora.
... 54
Huanqiu Shibao La Turchia ha annunciato che entro giugno aprirà una
gara d'appalto internazionale per le forniture volte a
costruire il sistema anti-aereo e anti-missilistico a
lungo raggio che il paese ha in cantiere.
GIUSTIZIA
... 56
Al Bayan Egitto: Riad dice di non fare pressioni per impedire un
processo a Mubarak.
... 58
Al Ahram Egitto, la legge islamica del taglione applicata nei
confronti dei cristiani in Alto Egitto e i militari al potere
al Cairo ringraziano.
... 59
Elaph Iran: Washington soddisfatta per la nomina Onu di una
figura ad hoc per investigare sui diritti umani in Iran.
... 60

Stern Italia, giustizia: nessun colpevole per la morte di Carlo
Giuliani.
ECONOMIA E FINANZE
... 61
Le Monde Intervista a Lorenzo Bini Smaghi, membro del direttivo
della Banca centrale europea.
... 63
Les Echos Intervista al ministro delle Finanze greco, George
Papaconstantinou.
... 65
Financial Times Non era certo una sorpresa, ma l'accordo dell'Unione
Europea sull'istituzione di un fondo di salvataggio
permanente ha fatto vacillare i mercati obbligazionari
della periferia dell'area dell'euro.
... 67
El Pais Portogallo, crisi economica. ... 69
Financial Times I governi europei cercano ancora una volta di
difendere i loro campioni nazionali dalle scalate di
gruppi stranieri.
... 71
Financial Times Il gruppo aerospaziale Eads è in trattative esclusive
per l'acquisto della compagnia canadese Vector
Aerospace, specializzata nella riparazione e nella
manutenzione di elicotteri militari e civili.
... 73
Ifeng Il prezzo delle terre rare cinesi è alle stelle, mentre la
qualità esportata ha toccato il minimo storico.
... 74
Les Echos Farmaceutica: i gruppi francese Sanofi-Aventis e
tedesco Merck rinunciano ad una grande alleanza nel
mercato veterinario, a causa delle limitazioni imposte
dalle autorità per la concorrenza.
SVILUPPO ECONOMICO
... 75
Izvestija L’agenzia statale russa per l’energia atomica Rosatom
è estremamente interessata alla collaborazione con le
società americane che stanno lavorando allo sviluppo
di avanzati e promettenti reattori, ha comunicato
giovedì il direttore di Rosatom Sergei...
... 78
Huanqiu Shibao Gli Stati Uniti hanno annunciato di voler costruire entro
il prossimo anno il megacomputer più veloce del
mondo, in grado di superare l'attuale primato cinese
nel trattamento di dati.
... 80
Folha de Sao Paulo Telefonica annuncia ingenti investimenti in Brasile. ... 81
Wall Street Journal Due tra le maggiori industrie aeree mondiali,
Bombardier ed Embraer, hanno annunciato accordi
separati volti all'espansione nel mercato cinese.
... 82
AllAfrica.com L'Unione europea ha promesso assistenza a quattro
stati nella regione del Delta del Niger per l'attuazione di
progetti idrici del valore di 26 miliardi di naira (120
milioni di euro).
... 83
The Standard Giovani donne e imprenditori della Comunità dell'Africa
orientale beneficeranno di una linea di credito della
Banca mondiale per rafforzare l'accesso ai prestiti
bancari nella regione e favorire il commercio tra gli
stati membri.
... 84
Ethiopian News
Agency
La Banca islamica di Sviluppo ha annunciato un
prestito da 16 milioni di dollari per lo sviluppo
dell'Etiopia nei prossimi 10 anni.
... 86

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Temi della settimana
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art
Gli alleati occidentali stanno avendo delle serie difficoltà nel trovare una strategia coerente
in Libia. Il colonnello Gheddafi, intanto, ha lanciato un’altra serie di attacchi contro i ribelli,
nonostante i quattro giorni di bombardamenti per istituire una no-fly zone. Le forze fedeli al
leader libico hanno subito molti danni, ma è altamente improbabile che vengano sconfitti
sul campo.
Gaddafi's forces: Bombed but not broken
As dictator stands firm, Britain lowers its expectations of 'victory'
By Rupert Cornwell in Washington, John Lichfield in Paris, Oliver Wright in London and Kim Sengupta in Ajdabiya
The Western allies yesterday struggled to find a coherent strategy in Libya as Colonel Muammar Gaddafi's forces
renewed attacks on rebel strongholds despite a no-fly zone and a fourth day of allied strikes against government military
targets. In Washington, top officials insisted the US intended to hand over command of the operation to its allies within
days, but wrangling within Nato continued yesterday along with confusion over what the mission was increasingly clear
that despite the scale of the damage inflicted on Colonel Gaddafi's forces, the rebels were highly unlikely to achieve a
military victory.
In London, a Government minister acknowledged the crisis could end in stalemate, and partition of the country. "A
stable outcome where they weren't killing each other would, in a sense, be one way of achieving the humanitarian
objective," the armed forces minister Nick Harvey told the BBC.
At the same time, he went further than any British minister yet and refused to rule out the deployment of British forces
on the ground, claiming there was a clear distinction between sending in a full-scale occupation force – explicitly barred
by the UN Security Council's Resolution 1973 – and a more limited operation.
Asked how long Britain would be involved in the military operation in north Africa he replied: "How long is a piece of
string? We don't know how long this is going to go on for."
President Barack Obama, who last night cut short a trip to Latin America to return to Washington, called key leaders to
try to agree a co-ordinating command role for the alliance and reduce the risk of the US becoming bogged down in
another war in a Muslim country. According to US officials, the heavy "front-end" phase of the intervention will soon be
over, with the main objectives achieved.
Officials in France and Britain have been working on a plan to pass political control of the campaign to a "committee" of
states providing military support to the no-fly zone but with operational control being run under the Nato command
structure. This would be backed up by a wider international "Contact Group on Libya" – similar to the one set up to deal
with the aftermath of the Kosovo conflict.
This would be at foreign-minister level and would include countries not included in the "no-fly" coalition. It would be
charged with examining the "whole shape and nature of the on-going crisis", a Government source said. It would also
be expected to have a role in any post-Gaddafi political reconstruction in Libya. The three-pronged plan is intended to
defuse a dispute over the medium-term political leadership of the anti-Gaddafi coalition. The US, Britain and others
want the campaign to be run by Nato, but Turkey and Germany oppose this.
Last night, there was no sign the heavy Western bombardment had shifted the balance decisively in favour of the poorly
armed anti-Gaddafi forces. Libyan government forces were fighting back last night on the eastern front line near the key
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TEMI DELLA SETTIMANA 6

city of Ajdabiya. The counter-attack followed the failure of rebel forces to take the city on Sunday despite air attacks
having destroyed regime tanks and artillery. By yesterday evening, there were reports that the regime's troops were
moving south once again to threaten the route to Tobruk and the Egyptian border.
US Admiral Samuel J Locklear, the on-scene commander of allied forces, confirmed last night that civilians were under
attack by government forces in Misrata, Libya's third-largest city. The coalition was "considering all options", he said.
In Washington, complaints were growing yesterday from some Democrats as well as Republicans – with some saying
the US was doing too little, others that the President was dragging the country into a costly conflict without properly
consulting Congress. But Mr Obama himself has only added to the uncertainty by reiterating the US still wanted Col
Gaddafi to leave power, although the formal goal of the intervention was merely to protect Libya's civilian population.
In one encouraging sign for Washington and London however, two Qatari fighter jets arrived at a Greek base on Crete
yesterday. This brings nearer the direct Arab involvement in enforcing the no-fly zone that the US has been seeking to
dispel the impression of another solely Western onslaught against a Muslim country,.
The French Foreign Minister, Alain Juppé, told the French parliament yesterday that a compromise deal would see a
"political steering group" of coalition foreign ministers plus the Arab League take over political direction of the air
campaign. Mr Juppé said the idea had been accepted by Britain and others and that the first meeting of foreign
ministers would take place in Paris, London or Brussels in the "next few days". It was not immediately clear whether the
US would participate in this group.
Avoiding a straightforward "Nato" political label is crucial, France argues, because the Arab world is hostile to the
Atlantic alliance. It would also be politically cumbersome because of the opposition to the Libyan operations by
Germany, Turkey and other Nato members. There is also an unspoken reason for French reluctance to hand over the
campaign to Nato: Mr Sarkozy hopes to wring all the domestic political advantage he can from prolonging France's
leading role in the Libyan operations.
The British Government too was last night involved in a round of frantic diplomatic activity to patch together a new
coalition to take over policing the Libyan no-fly zone, as David Cameron spent much of the afternoon in talks with the
Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister, in an attempt to persuade the Kingdom to provide symbolic financial support. Apart
from Qatar, no Arab state has committed military forces to the no-fly zone but British government sources said they
were hopeful that other Middle Eastern countries – in particular the United Arab Emirates – would be prepared to
provide support to operations even in a minor way.
"What we are looking at essentially is a Nato-plus coalition rather like we have with Isaf in Afghanistan," one British
official said.
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TEMI DELLA SETTIMANA 7

art
Libia, la Nato guiderà le operazioni militari contro Gheddafi; lo hanno riferito fonti
diplomatiche a Bruxelles, dicendo che il passaggio delle consegne del comando avverrà
entro lunedì o martedì prossimi. L'Unione Europea ieri ha tenuto un vertice a Bruxelles,
destinato a proseguire anche oggi, allo scopo di decidere il ruolo dell'Alleanza Atlantica
nella campagna militare in corso in Libia; la Francia tuttavia ha sottolineato la necessità che
il comando politico delle operazioni resti in mano all'alleanza occidentale sotto la guida di
Usa, Gran Bretagna e Francia; mentre la Germania ha premuto affinché il comando sia
affidato alla Nato, con il compito di attuare la risoluzione 1973 che prevede la creazione di
una "zona di interdizione al volo" al fine di proteggere i civili.
ﺎﻴﺒﻴﻟ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻗ ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻗ ﻰﻟﻮﺘﻳ «ﻮﺗﺎﻨﻟﺍ»
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2011 ﺱﺭﺎﻣ 25 ,ﺔﻌﻤﺠﻟﺍ
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ﺐﻳﺮﻗ ﺖﻗﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻞﺻﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻦّﻜﻤﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺗﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﺗ ﺕﺎﺷﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ» ﻥﺇ «ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ» ـﻟ ﻝﺎﻗﻭ .«ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺍ» ﺎﻬﻧﺄﺑ ﺕﺎﺛﺩﺎﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﻮﺟﺃ ﻊﻠﻄﻣ
ﺩﻭﻭﺍﺩ ﺪﻤﺣﺃ ﻲﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺮﻴﻈﻧﻭ ﻎﻴﻫ ﻡﺎﻴﻟﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻄﻳﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺯﻭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺕﺮﺟ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺗﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺭﺎﺷﺃﻭ .«ﺔﻠﺒﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻳﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﺃ (ﺲﻣﺍ) ﺀﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ
.ﻲﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﻊﻣ ﺲﻳﺪﻳﺮﻓﺎﺘﺳ ﺲﻤﻴﺟ ﺎﺑﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻔﻠﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻘﻟ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺪﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺍﺮﺟﺃ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺛﺩﺎﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ،ﻮﻠﻏﻭﺃ
ﻢﻴﻠﺴﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻜﻤﺘﺘﺳ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻖﺛﺍﻭ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺎﻣﺎﺑﻭﺃ ﻙﺍﺭﺎﺑ ﻲﻛﺮﻴﻣﻷﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺎﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﻧﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﺟ ﻦﻋ ﺲﻣﺃ «ﺯﺮﺘﻳﻭﺭ» ﺔﻟﺎﻛﻭ ﺖﻠﻘﻧﻭ
ﺔﻟﺎﻛﻭ ﺎﻣﺃ .«ﻊﻴﺑﺎﺳﺃ ﻻ ﻡﺎﻳﺃ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺳ ...ﻲﻨﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻃﻹﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻕﺎﻄﻧ ﻲﻓ ﻞﻤﻌﻧ ﺎﻨﻟﺯ ﺎﻣ» :ﻝﺎﻗﻭ .ﻡﺎﻳﺃ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺎﻴﺒﻴﻠﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﺴﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻗ
ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﺐّﻨﺠﺗ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺎﻣﺎﺑﻭﺃ ﻲﻛﺮﻴﻣﻷﺍ ﻩﺮﻴﻈﻨﻟ ﺪﻛﺃ ﻒﻳﺪﻴﻓﺪﻣ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﻳﺩ ﻲﺳﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻠﻋﺃ ﻦﻴﻠﻣﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻮﻜﺳﻮﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻠﻘﻨﻓ «ﺱﺮﺑ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻓ»
ﺱﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺔﺤﺿﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺧ ﻞﻇ ﻲﻓ ﻒﻳﺪﻴﻓﺪﻣ ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ﺀﺎﺟﻭ .ﺎﻴﺒﻴﻟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻒﻟﺎﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬّﻨﺸﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺣ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﻴﻧﺪﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺻﺇ
ﻉﻮﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﻪﺒﺼﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﻗﺃ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻑﻮﻣﺎﺸﺗ ﺮﻴﻤﻳﺩﻼﻓ ﺲﻠﺑﺍﺮﻃ ﻲﻓ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺳﻭﺭ ﺮﻴﻔﺳ ﺪﻛﺃﻭ .ﺔﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺯﻷﺍ ﻥﺄﺷ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻋﺎﺒﺗﺍ ﺐﺟﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺄﺷ ﻲﻓ
ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ﻊﻣ ﻖﻔﺘﻣ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ًﺍﺮﻴﺸﻣ ،«ﺎﻴﺳﻭﺭ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻤﻟ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺧ» ﻩﺮﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺒﻴﻟ ﻲﻓ ًﺎﻳﺮﻜﺴﻋ ﻞﺧﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﺗﺃ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻠﻣﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﻻ ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ
.«ﺔﻴﺒﻴﻠﺻ ﺔﻠﻤﺣ» ﺎﻴﺒﻴﻟ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﺴﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﺎﻳﺃ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﻧﻼﻋﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻠﻣﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ًﺎﻨﻳﺎﺒﺘﻣ ًﺎﻔﻗﻮﻣ ﺬﺨﺗﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺗﻮﺑ ﺮﻴﻤﻳﺩﻼﻓ ﺀﺍﺭﺯﻮﻟﺍ
ﺀﺍﺮﺟﻻ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﺁﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﺿﺭﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻓﺍﺬﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻴﺑﻭﺪﻨﻣ ﺎﻋﺩ ﺩﺎﺤﺗﻻﺍ ﻥﺇ ،ﻲﻘﻳﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺿﻮﻔﻣ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ،ﻎﻨﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﺟ ﻥﻼﻋﺇ ﺲﻣﺃ ًﺎﺘﻓﻻ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ
ﺓﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻰﻟﺇ ًﺍﺮﻴﺸﻣ ،ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺯﻭ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ﻞﺳﺮﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻲﻓﺍﺬﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻴﻴﻓﺎﺤﺼﻠﻟ ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﻎﻨﻴﺑ ﻦﻋ «ﺯﺮﺘﻳﻭﺭ» ﺖﻠﻘﻧﻭ .ﺔﻌﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺎﺑﺎﺑﺃ ﺲﻳﺩﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺛﺩﺎﺤﻣ
.ﺔﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺯﻷﺍ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟ ﺎﻴﺑﻮﻴﺛﺇ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺭﻮﻀﺤﻠﻟ ﺓﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻋ ﻝﻭﺩﻭ ﻦﻣﻷﺍ ﺲﻠﺠﻣﻭ ﻲﺑﻭﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﺤﺗﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ًﺎﻀﻳﺃ
،ﺔﺗﺍﺮﺼﻣ ﻲﻓ ًﺎﻴﻣﻮﻜﺣ ًﺎﺻﺎﻨﻗ 30 ﺍﻮﻠﺘﻗ ﻢﻬﻧﺍ ﻖﻳﺭﺰﻣ ﻮﺑﺃ ﻂﺳﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﺿﺭﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺎﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ «ﺯﺮﺘﻳﻭﺭ» ﺖﻠﻘﻧ ،ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻌﺼﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺻﺎﻨﻘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺍﻮﻨﻜﻤﺗ ﺔﺿﺭﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﺗﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺃ ﻑﺎﺿﺃﻭ .ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻤﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﻴﻣ ﺕﺭﺩﺎﻏ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻕﺭﺍﻭﺰﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻭ ،ﺲﻠﺑﺍﺮﻃ ﻕﺮﺷ
.ﺔﺗﺍﺮﺼﻣ ﻰﻟﺍ ﺎﻄﻟﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺍﺪﻋﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻔﺴﻟ ﺎﻨﻣﺁ ﺍﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﻦﻤﻀﻴﺳ ﻪﻧﺍ ﺎﻬﻐﻠﺑﺍ ﻲﺑﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﻒﻟﺎﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺍ ﺔﺿﺭﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺖﻟﺎﻗﻭ .ﻢﻬﻨﻣ 30 ﻞﺘﻗﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺢﻄﺳﺃ
ﺽﺭﺃ - ﻮﺟ ﺥﻭﺭﺎﺻ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺖﻘﻠﻃﺃﻭ ﻱﻮﺠﻟﺍ ﺮﻈﺤﻟﺍ ﺖﻗﺮﺧ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺣ ﺓﺮﺋﺎﻃ ﺲﻣﺃ ﺕﺮّﻣﺩ «ﻞﻴﻳﺎﻓﺍﺭ» ﺓﺮﺋﺎﻃ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﺴﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﺖﻨﻠﻋﺃﻭ
.ﺔﺗﺍﺮﺼﻣ ﺭﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻃﻮﺒﻫ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ
ﻲﻓﺍﺬﻘﻟﺍ ﻭﺪﻳﺆﻣ ﻙﺮﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺍﻮﺜﻟﺍ ﺮﺼُﻳ ﺫﺇ .ﺩﻼﺒﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﺷ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺑﺍﺪﺟﺃ ﺓﺪﻠﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻓﺍﺬﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻗ ﺝﻭﺮﺧ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺕﺎﺿﻭﺎﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺮّﺜﻌﺗ ﻞﻇ ﻲﻓ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺀﺎﺟﻭ
TEMI DELLA SETTIMANA 8

.ﺮﺋﺎﺸﻌﻠﻟ ﻦﻴﻠﺜﻤﻣ ﺮﺒﻋ ﺕﺎﺿﻭﺎﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﺘﺗﻭ .ﻥﻮﻴﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻪﻀﻓﺮﻳ ﺮﻣﺃ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﻢﻬﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺔﻠﻴﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﺘﺤﻠﺳﺃ
ﺔﺻﺮﻓ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﺎﻴﺒﻴﻟ ﻲﻓ ﻞﺼﺤﻳ ﺎﻣ» ﻥﺃ ﻲﺴﻟﺪﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻣ ﻱﺮﺋﺍﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺯﻭ ﻦﻋ ﺲﻣﺃ «ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﺒﺴﻜﻟ» ﺔﻔﻴﺤﺻ ﺖﻠﻘﻧ (ﺏ ﻑ ﺃ) ﺮﺋﺍﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ
ﺔﺤﻠﺳﻷﺍ ﺓﺮﻓﻭ» ﻪﻟﻮﺼﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺐﺒﺴﺘﺘﺳ «ﻝﺍﺰﻟﺯ» ﻦﻋ ﺙﺪﺤﺗﻭ .«ﻲﺒﻨﺟﻷﺍ ﻞﺧﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﺟ ﻢﻗﺎﻔﺘﻴﺳ» ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ًﺍﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ،«ﻦﻴﻴﺑﺎﻫﺭﻺﻟ ﺎﻬﻴﻄﻌﻧ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﺿﺇ
.«ﺮﺋﺍﺰﺠﻟﺍ ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧﻭ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺓﺭﻭﺎﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﺎﻤﻧﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﺒﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻦﻟ» ﺍﺬﻫﻭ «ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ
a cura della Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri - Sistema di informazione per la sicurezza della Repubblica
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Il presidente russo Dmitri Medvedev, durante un incontro con il ministro della Difesa Usa
Robert Gates tenuto ieri a Mosca, ha ribadito la disponibilità della Russia ad agire da
mediatore nella composizione pacifica del conflitto in Libia. Medvedev ha espresso
preoccupazione per il modo in cui viene eseguita la risoluzione del Consiglio di Sicurezza
Onu sulla creazione di una no-fly zone in Libia e per il numero delle vittime tra la
popolazione civile a causa di un “utilizzo indiscriminato” delle forze aeree. La questione di
un’eventuale partecipazione della Russia, in un modo o nell’altro, nelle azioni delle forze
alleate contro la Libia, non è stata discussa.
Россия готова быть посредником в мирных переговорах по Ливии
Президент РФ Дмитрий Медведев на встрече во вторник с министром обороны США Робертом Гейтсом
подтвердил готовность России к посреднической миссии в мирном урегулировании конфликта в Ливии.
Как сообщает РИА "Новости", о том, что Россия готова прилагать посреднические усилия в мирных переговорах
по Ливии, президент РФ заявил в понедельник.
Медведев выразил озабоченность тем, как выполняется резолюция Совета Безопасности о введении
бесполетной зоны, возможностью жертв среди гражданского населения в связи с неизбирательным
применением сил авиации.
Вопрос об участии России в какой-либо форме в действиях коалиции ряда государств в отношении Ливии не
обсуждался.
С середины февраля в Ливии проходят выступления с требованием ухода лидера страны Муаммара Каддафи,
который правит страной более 40 лет. Международные организации заявляют о тысячах жертв столкновений
восставших с правительственными войсками.
17 марта СБ ООН принял резолюцию, предусматривающую возможность проведения иностранной военной
операции против сил Каддафи.
Силы международной военной коалиции за последние 24 часа выпустили по целям в Ливии более 20 крылатых
ракет "Томагавк". Таким образом, с начала военной операции в субботу, 19 марта, по территории Ливии было
выпущено около 160 ракет.
a cura della Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri - Sistema di informazione per la sicurezza della Repubblica
TEMI DELLA SETTIMANA 10

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La Cina continua a prendere le distanze dalla forza di coalizione internazionale all'attacco
della Libia. Il suo rappresentate presso le Nazioni Unite, Li Bodong, ha chiesto ieri all'Onu
di elaborare una strategia per la ricostruzione del paese dopo il conflitto, sotto l'egida della
forza di pace dell'Onu e munita di un piano preciso per l'azione. La Cina non partecipa alle
operazioni armate contro la Libia ma ha da anni integrato il contingente di pace dell'Onu,
riservandosi una veste che le permetta presenza e influenza nei paesi in conflitto senza il
fardello dell'aggressore.
中国代表认为联合国应制订统筹协调预防冲突综合战略
新华网联合国3月23日电(记者危玮 白洁)中国常驻联合国代表李保东23日说,联合国应制订统筹协调预防冲突、
维持和平、建设和平的综合战略。中国支持充分发挥联合国建设和平委员会在帮助冲突后国家和平重建、筹集资金和协调
国际社会援助行动等方面的作用。
李保东当天在安理会审议建设和平委员会年度报告发言时说,联合国维和行动可为冲突后国家早期恢复和开展重建作
出贡献。维和行动与建设和平均应制订撤出战略,以鼓励冲突后国家早日实现自立。
李保东说,建设和平委员会制订建设和平战略应尊重当事国的自主权和独立性,尊重当事国自主确定的优先事项。“中
方认为,国际社会对冲突后国家应在国家能力建设、青年就业、经济社会发展等领域重点提供帮助”。
他说,联合国及相关国际组织在建设和平领域应加强合作,发挥各自优势。中方支持建设和平委员会与安理会等联合
国主要机构、世界银行和国际货币基金组织等国际机构以及区域组织等密切合作。中方支持继续改进建设和平委员会的工
作方法,希望建设和平委员会进一步提高工作效率,重视并加强有关工作在当事国实地产生的效果。
联合国建设和平委员会是联合国设立的政府间咨询机构,旨在支持摆脱冲突国家的和平努力。联大2005年12月
通过决议成立建设和平委员会,并于2006年6月开始投入运作。
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TEMI DELLA SETTIMANA 11

art
Odissea all’alba. Una flotta di navi da guerra ha iniziato a pattugliare sotto il comando della
Nato le acque libiche del Mediterraneo, per prevenire lo sbarco di mercenari assoldati dal
rais Muammar Gheddafi.
Libya no-fly zone leadership squabbles continue within Nato
Turkey calls for an alliance-led campaign to limit operations while France seeks a broader 'coalition of the willing'
Ian Traynor in Brussels and Nicholas Watt
A flotilla of warships has begun patrolling the Mediterranean under Nato command to block attempts by Colonel
Muammar Gaddafi to replenish his combat forces with arms and mercenaries.
But the attempt at a Nato show of unity in policing a UN arms embargo was undermined by a third day of squabbling at
alliance headquarters in Brussels over who should be in charge of the air campaign.
Amid arguments over the scope and command of the air campaign against Tripoli, Turkey both blocked Nato planning
on the no-fly zone and insisted that Nato be put in control of it, in order to be granted a veto over its operations, senior
Nato officials said.
"Turkey blocked further planning while the coalition [of the willing] continues," said a senior official. Ankara wants the
broad coalition involved in the air campaign to cede control to Nato in order to limit its operations, the official added.
The Turks specifically called for a halt to air attacks on ground targets in Libya and signalled that agreement on this
would be the price of their assent.
Germany, meanwhile, Europe's biggest opponent of the Libya campaign, promptly pulled its Mediterranean naval forces
out of Nato's command.
The Turkish position put Ankara at odds with France, which has successfully thwarted strong US and British pressure to
put Nato at the political helm of the air campaign overseeing the UN-decreed no-fly zone over Libya. Paris insisted that
the governments of the "coalition of the willing" taking part in the strikes against Gaddafi's military infrastructure would
lead and make the decisions.
"It is important to make clear that the leadership is not Nato," said Alain Juppé, the French foreign minister. "We see this
as a UN operation under a UN mandate. It is implemented by a coalition of European, North American and Arab
countries."
Nato's policy-making North Atlantic Council, grouping ambassadors of the 28 member states, met in Brussels for a third
day to try to hammer out a facesaving deal amid frantic transatlantic diplomacy.
"We've not yet decided to go for a no-fly zone," said a Nato official. "We've moved on from planning. That's complete.
But now the allies have to decide what decisions to take in terms of next steps."
"Nato is ready to act if and when required," said Oana Lungescu, the alliance spokeswoman. "These are difficult
discussions on very difficult issues."
Diplomats were optimistic that a deal would eventually be struck giving Nato military planners power to mastermind the
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TEMI DELLA SETTIMANA 12

operational side of the air campaign, while the strategic and political decision-taking on the aims and direction of the
military effort would rest with what Paris called a "contact group" of participating governments. Officials from the
countries involved are to meet in London next week.
"A wide and inclusive range of countries will be invited, particularly from the region. It is critical that the international
community continues to take united and co-ordinated action in response to the unfolding crisis. The meeting will form a
contact group of nations to take forward this work," William Hague, the foreign secretary, said.
French president Nicolas Sarkozy, repeatedly accused of seeking to hijack the Libya operations for personal political
reasons, maintains that handing political leadership of the campaign to the Nato alliance would alienate the Arab world.
Despite a green light from the Arab League for the UN decision on the no-fly zone, David Cameron admitted to MPs
that Arab engagement in the anti-Gaddafi effort had been less than had been hoped.
"I can confirm that yesterday the Qataris deployed the first of their contribution – Mirage aircraft and other support
aircraft – and we will get logistic contributions from countries such as Kuwait and Jordan," he said. "I hope that further
support will be forthcoming but I would like to be clear that because we had to act so quickly on Saturday it was not
possible to bring forward as much Arab support as might have been welcomed."
Since France carried out the first air strikes against Libya at the weekend, the US has been commanding the
operations, in consultation mainly with the French and the British. President Barack Obama has made it repeatedly
clear, however, that his interest in taking the lead is very short-term and that the best option would be for Nato to take
over – a position strongly supported by Cameron but opposed by Sarkozy and also, for different reasons, by Germany
and Turkey.
The US and British governments, following telephone diplomacy between Obama, Cameron, and Sarkozy late on
Tuesday, are stressing that Nato is to be given "a key role" in the air campaign, signalling a partial climbdown away
from granting the alliance the lead role.
Senior European diplomats argue that there is "no crisis of leadership" yet over the prosecution of the Libyan war effort.
But the US impatience to surrender its lead role is exposing big divisions among the Europeans.
While Cameron and Sarkozy are the west's leading hawks in the war effort against Gaddafi, they are seriously split over
who should run things.
A European summit dinner on Thursday tonight in Brussels is to focus on Libya, with the British and French leaders
expected to face a grilling from European sceptics, led by Germany, over the strategy, aims, and future course of the
military effort.
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TEMI DELLA SETTIMANA 13

art
Rivolte del Mondo arabo, Yemen: guerra civile? Il presidente yemenita, Ali Abdullah Saleh,
ha accusato i generali disertori di voler organizzare un colpo di Stato e ha avvisato che il
paese piomberà in una guerra civile se il suo governo sarà costretto a cadere. Rivolgendosi
ai leader dell’opposizione e ai militari che gli hanno negato la fedeltà, Saleh ha detto che lo
Yemen rischia una situazione di forte instabilità che potrebbe tradursi in una sanguinaria
guerra. Il presidente è in carica da 32 anni e le proteste per il suo ritiro sono iniziate 7
settimane fa, sulla scia delle rivolte di Egitto e Tunisia.
Yemeni president warns of civil war if he steps down
Sana'a protests agitate for Ali Abdullah Saleh to resign as he accuses defecting generals of trying to stage a coup
Tom Finn in Sana'a
Yemen's president, Ali Abdullah Saleh, has accused defecting generals of trying to stage a coup against him, saying the
country would descend into a bloody civil war if he were forced to step down.
"Those trying to wrest power through coups should know that this is impossible," Saleh said in a defiant speech on
television on Tuesday. "The fatherland will be made unstable, there will be war, a bloody civil war. They should carefully
reflect on this."
Saleh, who has been president of Yemen for 32 years, is under mounting pressure to step down following seven weeks
of anti-government protests and defections among the ruling elite.
He announced on Tuesday that he would accept a proposal for an early departure from office, in January 2012, though
it remained unclear when or how a transfer of power would take place. Previously he had offered to leave only by 2013.
The Joint Meeting Parties (JMP), Yemen's opposition coalition, said they would accept nothing short of immediate
resignation.
"The opposition rejects the offer, as the coming hours will be decisive," said opposition spokesman Mohammed al-
Sabri.
Scenes of jubilation among protesters at Sana'a University quickly dissolved into anger and frustration as news of
Saleh's speech spread. Demonstrators have been living in tents on the campus for the past five weeks demanding the
president's resignation.
Tribesmen from Yemen's eastern desert province of Marib set fire to a towering pile of placards bearing pictures of the
president on hearing that he would not be stepping down.
"Like our brothers in Egypt, Tunisia and Libya, we have one simple request – that the president steps down now. If he
doesn't I think there will bloodshed," said Mahmud Saeed, 21, who was dousing the smouldering heap of wood with
petrol.
Saleh's defiance was unexpected. The fate of the embattled president now looks to be sealed as high-level officials,
including senior army commander Major General Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar, abandon him and throw their support behind the
protesters.
Seventeen foreign diplomats, including the Yemeni ambassador to the UK, also resigned on Monday.
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TEMI DELLA SETTIMANA 14

Saleh suffered a further setback when Abdel-Malik Mansour, Yemen's representative to the Arab League, told Al
Arabiya television he was backing the protesters. Abdul-Rahman al-Iryani, the minister of water and environment, who
was dismissed with the remainder of the cabinet on Sunday, also said he was joining "the revolutionaries".
In his letter of resignation on Tuesday, Iryani said: "It is becoming ridiculous that every member of the regime is now
joining the revolution, when in fact they should surrender themselves to the revolution for trial for crimes that they
committed against the people or looked the other way while these crimes were perpetrated on the people. Also, they
should pledge not to occupy any public office in the future."
Military units appeared to have taken sides in the capital, with the Republican Guard protecting the palace of the
president and soldiers from the 1st Armored Division under Ali Mohsen protecting the throngs of protesters in Sana'a.
Late on Monday Yemen's defence minister, Mohammad Nasser Ali, set the scene for possible military confrontation
between the two, saying the army would back Saleh against any coup attempt.
Analysts are worried that if a political agreement is not reached soon a violent military showdown will ensue.
"The situation we face at the moment is untenable," said Abdulghani Iryani, a political analyst. "With two army factions
facing off in the capital the risk of a spark is huge.
"Saleh has started waving the threat of a civil war in the hope that it will buy him enough time to make an honourable
exit. In reality, he has days left before things turn very violent here."
Clashes broke out on Tuesday between the Republican Guard, an elite force led by the president's son, Ahmed, and
Yemen's regular army, in the southern city of Mukalla. Two soldiers died.
Yemen is under a 30-day state of emergency called by Saleh following a sniper attack by plain-clothed government
loyalists last Friday, which left 52 protesters dead in the capital and caused even the president's own tribe to demand
his resignation.
The United States has long viewed Yemen as a key partner in the fight against al-Qaida, yet Barack Obama has called
for a "peaceful transition" in the country; it is not exactly clear what that would entail given that there is no obvious
successor to Saleh.
Analysts warn that the important issues in Yemen go far beyond that of Saleh's departure from the presidency.
"What's at stake in Yemen is not just the risk that the country's unity could disintegrate, but the very real danger that
Islamist extremists, like al-Qaida, will take advantage of Yemen's divisions to turn it into a veritable sanctuary for
international terrorists," said Harry Sterling, a former Canadian diplomat, who worked in Yemen.
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Rivolte del Mondo arabo, Siria: escalation di violenza. Almeno 15 attivisti sarebbero stati
uccisi ieri in tre diverse città della Siria, dove la popolazione da 6 giorni è scesa in piazza
per protestare contro il regime.
Syrian regime launches crackdown by shooting 15 activists dead
Some were killed when security forces opened fire on protesters surrounding the Omari mosque; others were shot at a
funeral
Katherine Marsh
Violence escalated in the southern Syrian city of Deraa as protests entered a sixth day. At least 15 protesters are
known to have been shot dead on Wednesday and scores more injured.
In a sign that the Syrian regime is using a brutal crackdown rather than concessions to quell protests, security forces
opened fire on people in three separate incidents, according to human rights activists.
At 1am on Wednesday morning, at least six people were killed when security forces opened fire on protesters
surrounding the Omari mosque, after cutting electricity and communications to the site that has become the focus of
demonstrations. During the day, several were reported shot as they attended funerals of victims of the mosque
shooting. Syrian security forces later opened fire on scores of young people from surrounding towns as they marched
towards Deraa, offering support to the protests, activists said.
"The government promised it would consider its citizens' demands, and then it decided to attack them," said
Mohammed al-Abdullah, a prominent activist in exile in the US who is in close contact with the Deraa protesters. "These
were fully prepared and full-scale attacks."
According to human rights organisations, the government has also rounded up scores of demonstrators, activists and
journalists. Yesterday, Mazen Darwish, the head of the Syrian Centre for Media and Freedom of Expression, which was
officially closed down by the authorities in 2009, was arrested. Darwish, who has been commenting on the protests in
the media, was briefly detained after a protest on Wednesday last week calling for the release of political prisoners.
Amnesty International said it knows of 93 people who were arrested between 8 and 23 March who remain detained in
unknown locations. It said the real number of arrests was likely to be "considerably higher".
France, which has led efforts in the past four years to bring Damascus back into the international fold, became the latest
in a string of governments and organisations to condemn the violence. It called for political reforms "without delay".
But observers said the window for negotiations and reforms is quickly closing.
Leaders in Deraa had issued a range of demands to the government, including the release of political prisoners from
the area, the freedom to buy and sell property without permission of local security forces and the dismissal of the
governor of Deraa. So far, only the last demand has been met.
"By using such disproportionate violence against its own citizens, neither the government nor the people can be
expected to negotiate," said Abdullah, adding that without talks there was no clear solution to the violence. "I am scared
because I don't know how this will end. I fear escalating anger will lead to an evermore brutal crackdown."
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TEMI DELLA SETTIMANA 16

Syria's government has continued to blame the violence on outside perpetrators. it called the shootings at the Omari
mosque the work of "armed gangs". Activists dispute the claims.
Despite protesters not yet calling for President Bashar al-Assad to step down, the unrest is the biggest domestic
challenge to the regime since the 1970s. There are calls for a mass protests tomorrow in solidarity with the Deraa
activists.
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TEMI DELLA SETTIMANA 17

art
Russia-Israele: all’indomani dell’attentato di Gerusalemme, in cui è morta una donna e altre
30 persone sono rimaste ferite, il premier israeliano Benjamin Netanyahu è giunto oggi a
Mosca per una visita mirata a convincere il Cremlino a ritirare il suo appoggio a Siria e Iran.
Netanyahu sarà ricevuto prima dal presidente Dmitrij Medvedev, e in seguito dal primo
ministro Vladimir Putin. I colloqui riguarderanno questioni economiche e politiche, fra cui il
Medio Oriente. Netanyahu arriva a Mosca due giorni dopo la visita del presidente
palestinese Mahmoud Abbas.
ﺱﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﺠﻫ ﺓﺍﺪﻏ ﻮﻜﺳﻮﻣ ﻰﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻳﺯ ﺃﺪﺒﻳ ﻮﻫﺎﻴﻧﺎﺘﻧ
a cura della Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri - Sistema di informazione per la sicurezza della Repubblica
ﺏ .ﻑ .ﺃ
ﻉﺎﻨﻗﺍ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻑﺪﻬﺗ ﺓﺭﺎﻳﺯ ﻲﻓ ،ﺱﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻗﻭ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﺠﻬﻟﺍ ﺓﺍﺪﻏ ﻮﻜﺳﻮﻣ ﻰﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﻮﻫﺎﻴﻧﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻣﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﺋﺍﺮﺳﻻﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺯﻮﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ﻞﺻﻭ :ﻮﻜﺳﻮﻣ
.ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍﻭ ﺎﻳﺭﻮﺳ ﻢﻋﺩ ﻦﻋ ﻲﻠﺨﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻴﺳﻭﺭ
ﺮﻴﻤﻳﺩﻼﻓ ﺀﺍﺭﺯﻮﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ﻢﺛ ﻒﻳﺪﻴﻓﺪﻣ ﻱﺮﺘﻴﻤﻳﺩ ﻲﺳﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻻﻭﺍ ﺲﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﺒﺻ ﺮﻜﺒﻣ ﺖﻗﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻞﺻﻭ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﺋﺍﺮﺳﻻﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺯﻮﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ﻲﻘﺘﻠﻴﺳﻭ
.ﺔﻴﻨﻴﻄﺴﻠﻔﻟﺍ-ﺔﻴﻠﻴﺋﺍﺮﺳﻻﺍ ﻡﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻕﻼﻃﻻ ﺎﻬﺼﻴﺼﺨﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻥﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺐﻏﺮﺗ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻮﻜﺳﻮﻣ ﻰﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻳﺰﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻼﺧ ،ﻦﻴﺗﻮﺑ
ﻁﻮﻘﺳ ﻦﻋ ﺮﻔﺳﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ﺱﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻗﻭ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﺠﻬﻟﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻻﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻢﺗ ﻪﻧﺍ ﺀﺎﻌﺑﺭﻻﺍ ﺪﻛﺍ ﻮﻜﺳﻮﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﻠﻴﺋﺍﺮﺳﺍ ﻻﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻦﻜﻟ
.ﺕﻼﻓﺎﺣ ﺔﻄﺤﻣ ﺏﺮﻗ ﺎﺤﻳﺮﺟ 30ﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﺘﻗ
.ﺕﺎﻤﺠﻬﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ "ﺔﺒﻠﺻ ﺔﻤﻳﺰﻌﺑ" ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻧ ﻦﻋ ﻊﻓﺍﺪﺘﺳ ﻞﻴﺋﺍﺮﺳﺍ ﻥﺍ ﺎﻴﺳﻭﺭ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺭﺩﺎﻐﻣ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻮﻫﺎﻴﻧﺎﺘﻧ ﻝﺎﻗﻭ
ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﻞﻴﺋﺍﺮﺳﺍ ﺐﻌﺷﻭ ﺶﻴﺟﻭ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺍ ﻒﺸﺘﻜﺘﺳﻭ ،ﺎﻨﻤﻴﻤﺼﺗﻭ ﺎﻨﺘﻤﻳﺰﻋ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﺤﺗ (ﺔﺤﻠﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﻄﺴﻠﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﻤﺠﻤﻟﺍ) ﺎﻬﻧﺍ" ﻑﺎﺿﺍﻭ
."ﻢﻫﺩﻼﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻉﺎﻓﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﻠﺻ ﺔﻤﻳﺰﻋ
ﻲﻓ ﻡﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻋﺰﻋﺰﺑ ﺡﺎﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺐﺠﻳ ﻪﻧﺍ ﺓﺪﻛﺆﻣ "ﺎﻴﺠﻤﻫ ﺎﻴﺑﺎﻫﺭﺍ ﻼﻤﻋ" ﻩﺎﻳﺍ ﺓﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﻡﻮﺠﻬﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻌﺑﺭﻻﺍ ﺀﺎﺴﻣ ﺖﻧﺍﺩ ﺎﻴﺳﻭﺭ ﺖﻧﺎﻛﻭ
.ﻂﺳﻭﻻﺍ ﻕﺮﺸﻟﺍ
ﺀﺍﺯﺍ ﻮﻜﺳﻮﻣ ﻖﻠﻗ ﻦﻋ ﻲﺳﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻟﻼﺧ ﺮﺒﻋ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﻄﺴﻠﻔﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻳﺯ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﻣﻮﻳ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻮﻜﺳﻮﻣ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻮﻫﺎﻴﻧﺎﺘﻧ ﺓﺭﺎﻳﺯ ﻲﺗﺎﺗﻭ
.ﻡﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺎﻴﺒﻴﻟ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﻻ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﻻﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ
.ﺲﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺛﺩﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻰﻄﻌﺘﺳ ﻯﺮﺧﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻠﻗﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣﻭ ﺮﺼﻣﻭ ﺎﻴﺒﻴﻟ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻦﻴﻠﻣﺮﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻠﻋﺍﻭ
ﺐﻘﺗﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺑﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺍﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﺴﺗ ﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﻻ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺳﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺳﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺒﻣﻭ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﻻﺍ ﻱﻭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺴﻣ ﺎﻀﻳﺍ ﻮﻫﺎﻴﻧﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﻴﺜﻳ ﻥﺍ ﻊﻗﻮﺘﻳ ﻦﻜﻟ
.ﺎﻳﺭﻮﺳ ﻰﻟﺍ
.ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻟ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻠﻟﺍ ﺏﺰﺣ ﻱﺪﻳﺍ ﻰﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺳﻻﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺼﺗ ﻥﺍ ﻞﻴﺋﺍﺮﺳﺍ ﻰﺸﺨﺗﻭ
.2009 ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻣﺎﻬﻣ ﻪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺬﻨﻣ ﻮﻜﺳﻮﻣ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻮﻫﺎﻴﻧﺎﺘﻨﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻳﺰﻟﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ
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Lo scopo dell’escalation della violenza tra Israele e Hamas sembra essere quello di
eliminare qualsiasi possibilità di riconciliazione nella regione. Certo è difficile immaginare
che il governo israeliano e l’organizzazione palestinese stiano lavorando in maniera
coordinata, ma quanto sta accadendo risponde agli stessi obiettivi.
Fighting drowns out talking
By Victor Kotsev
The world has largely been looking the other way, distracted by the drama in Libya, the nuclear meltdown in Japan and,
to a lesser extent, by events in Bahrain and Yemen. In the meantime, a traditional global trouble spot, Israel and the
Palestinian territories, has been heating up steadily. On Tuesday night, every indication was present of an impending
flare-up of unknown magnitude.
On Tuesday, at least eight Palestinians were killed in Gaza, including four civilians, in separate confrontations with
Israelis that also saw Grad Katyusha rockets land near the southern Israeli cities of Ashdod and Ashkelon. The media
have not yet been able to catch up with the number of wounded and mortar rounds fired.
Ashdod, in particular, is a major port that has not been targeted for over two years, ever since Operation Cast Lead -
the Gaza war - in 2008-2009. Firing missiles at it is a major red line for Israel, and reports of massive air and naval
strikes in Gaza on Tuesday night are in line with past Israeli responses to such escalations.
Violence has been brewing for about two weeks, but the current spike started on Saturday when over 50 mortar shells
fired from Gaza hit the southern Israeli communities. Hamas claimed responsibility for about a dozen of these, and
retaliatory strikes killed at least one senior member of the dominant militant organization in the strip alongside a number
of other armed operatives and civilians. On Monday alone, 19 people were reported injured in Gaza, including seven
children. Several Israeli civilians were also wounded over the weekend, as rockets and mortars kept raining down.
The situation is so tense that even another major operation in Gaza, modeled after Cast Lead, is possible. Israeli
analysts have long claimed that it is only a matter of time before the army is called in again to intervene in the strip, and
on Saturday, Israeli opposition chairwoman Tzipi Livni (who served as foreign minister during Cast Lead) called for a
military campaign to counter the fire.
"The right way to deal with it is with force, just like Israel did during and after Operation Cast Lead," she said. The
government, meanwhile, has kept characteristically silent on its plans, even as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu threatened Hamas repeatedly.
On the other hand, the international political climate is certainly not ripe for a military campaign in Gaza. It is hard to
imagine the administration of American President Barack Obama, bogged down in Libya [1] and desperately trying to
salvage its relationship with an Arab world engulfed in turmoil, lending support for such a campaign.
It is still possible that Netanyahu, who faces pressure at home and abroad over the stalled Palestinian peace process,
might try to go rogue, in order to stop the rocket fire (though Hamas has indicated a willingness to de-escalate the
situation), to demonstrate to the world that "there is no partner", or for some other, yet unknown reason. However, such
speculation fails to do full justice to the enormous complexity of the situation.
Most importantly, it is unclear who calls the shots in Gaza, and what these shots are over. Hamas claims that it is
responding to a disproportionate Israeli strike on Gaza last Wednesday, which killed two of its operatives, but there are
numerous other subplots and motives at play.
Different analysts have pointed a finger at issues as diverse as an internal Palestinian split, Iran's response to Saudi
Arabia's invasion of Bahrain, Syria's response to its domestic unrest, and the new realities in Egypt. Up until a couple of
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weeks ago, there were even reports of an important peace initiative being prepared by Netanyahu (surprising as that
may sound), and it is possible that spoilers attempted to pre-empt it.
In an article titled A major reshuffle in the Levant, (Asia Times Online, March 4, 2011), I outlined the diplomatic inertia
and the domestic criticism faced by Netanyahu, and argued that the Israeli government needed to act quickly.
A few days later, influential Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak went on record as saying that a major new peace
initiative was in the works, possibly to be launched with a key speech by Netanyahu before the United States Congress
in May. He urged the prime minister to bring that speech forward, claiming that Israel faced "a diplomatic tsunami" and
that "action is needed in the coming weeks".
Any such plans, however, were nipped in the bud on March 11 by an attack in the Israeli settlement of Itamar, which
killed five settlers, including a baby, in their sleep. As tensions in the West Bank sky-rocketed and a series of mutual
attacks and recriminations by Israelis and Palestinians ensued, the peace initiative was, at least temporarily, scuttled.
Amid reports that Hamas was trying to resume its activities in the West Bank [2], a shadowy group that called itself "Al
Aqsa Martyrs Brigades of Imad Mughniyeh" took responsibility for the massacre. It is uncertain who stands behind the
group (Imad Mughniyeh was a high-ranking Hezbollah operative assassinated in Damascus in 2008, presumably by
Israel), but in the past Hamas cells have used similar aliases to launch attacks on Israel from the West Bank.
The Gaza government's attempt to distance itself from the murders - by speculating that the attackers "may not be
Palestinian" - appeared clumsy, and it is hard to avoid that the incident was highly embarrassing to Hamas' rivals from
the Palestinian Authority. [3]
This brings into focus another important initiative undertaken by Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, with Egypt's
help, to reconcile with Hamas in a bid for Palestinian unity. Last week, the Palestinian media reported that Abbas' aides
were preparing a visit for him in Gaza, and were even looking for suitable accommodation for him in the strip. On
Monday, he was quoted as saying, "I am ready to ... head to Gaza immediately if Hamas agrees."
Apparently, the proposed visit caused a split inside Hamas. The political leader of the movement in Gaza, Ismail
Haniyeh, invited Abbas for "urgent talks", but the military leadership, bolstered by Hamas hardliners in Damascus,
balked at the idea. [4]
"Hamas attacked Israel fearing Palestinian reconciliation," prominent Israeli analysts Avi Isaacharoff and Amos Harel
wrote in the Israeli daily Ha'aretz.
This is certainly a possibility, yet it is only half of the picture. Oddly enough (or not), the hardliners found an ally on this
issue in the face of Israel. In an interview with CNN last Thursday, Netanyahu slammed the initiative for Palestinian
reconciliation. "How can you be for peace with Israel and peace with Hamas that calls for our destruction," he asked
Abbas rhetorically. "It's one or the other. Not both."
It is hard to imagine a coordinated effort between elements in Hamas and the Israeli government to bury the unity talks,
but in practice the escalation could serve precisely this purpose. Such is the nature of the Arab-Israeli conflict that bitter
enemies often tacitly help one another to preserve the status quo. If this is the case, we can expect the violence to
subside once the goal is attained.
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Against the backdrop of all this come two other incidents that hint at foreign involvement in the violence. Last Tuesday,
the Israeli navy intercepted a German-owned merchant ship, Victoria, allegedly carrying weapons from Iran via Syria
and Egypt for Hamas. The munitions included shore-to-sea missiles, which, according to Israeli analysts, would have
changed the military balance in Gaza.
Meanwhile, last week Israel acknowledged having in its custody a Gaza engineer, Dirar Abu Sisi, who went missing last
month in Ukraine. There is a gag order over the case, and details of it are murky. Abu Sisi was in charge of the Gaza
power plant, and his Ukrainian wife, Veronica, claimed that Israel abducted her husband to disable the plant. Abu Sisi
has no known political or militant affiliation, but he would presumably have needed strong ties to Hamas to hold that
position.
Whatever the story behind his arrest, an international outcry will likely mount soon; Ukraine's prime minister recently
commented that he doesn't "want to imagine that such things [an abduction] are carried out on the soil of a friendly
state".
Past examples show that Israel only carries out such risky clandestine operations if it perceives a grave threat to its
security, and disabling the Gaza plant certainly doesn't stand up to this test. An arms deal of some sort is the more
likely culprit, as Ukraine and other countries from the former Soviet Union have in the past served as hubs for
international arms-smuggling networks. The timing of the announcement, moreover, suggests a possible link with the
developments in Gaza.
This said, both Iran and Syria might have an interest to stir trouble in the strip, not least by changing the military balance
there with shipments of advanced arms (to which Israel would then feel obliged to respond).
Syria is currently experiencing its own share of unrest, with reports of six protesters killed on Tuesday. According to an
Israeli Defense Forces assessment, "Syria may provoke Israel to distract from domestic unrest." It seems unlikely,
however, that such a provocation would be carried out along Israel's northern border by Syrian military units, for fear of
an Israeli reprisal; a provocation by Hezbollah could also draw Syria into a war with the Jewish state. This leaves
Hamas, whose top leadership is based in Damascus, as the most convenient tool to use in such a scenario.
A similar assessment applies to Iran, although the Islamic Republic would have different motives from those of the
Syrians to carry out a provocation. According to a recent analysis by American think-tank Stratfor, the recent Saudi
thrust into Bahrain "puts Iran in a difficult position, as Tehran had hoped to use the uprising in Bahrain to promote
instability in the Persian Gulf region". Stratfor speculates, "The question is how the Iranians respond ... [Among other
options] there is then the indirect option, which is to trigger a war with Israel. The killings in the West Bank and Israeli
concerns about Hezbollah might be some of Iran's doing, with the emphasis on 'might'."
Finally, also in the realm of speculation, it is possible that the spike in violence has something to do with Egypt. There
are signs of a warming of relations between Cairo and both Damascus and Tehran. Moreover, the new Egyptian military
rulers are finding it hard keeping Hamas down and isolated in the same way as former President Hosni Mubarak did. At
the very least, this has made the militant group bolder and more confident for a confrontation with Israel.
Overall, many interests and agendas come together in the current Gaza escalation, and it does appear that major
developments will follow soon.
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Il presidente Usa Barack Obama ha concluso ieri la sua visita in America Latina con la
tappa in El Salvador, da cui proviene una delle comunità più grandi di immigrati degli Usa:
il capo della Casa Bianca ha dichiarato d’accordo con il presidente Mauricio Funes, che il
miglior modo per contrastare i flussi clandestini è quello di promuovere la crescita
economica del paese.
Obama Calls for an Economic Cure for Illegal Immigration
President Obama ended his three-nation Latin American tour on Tuesday with a visit to El Salvador, a source of one of
the largest immigrant groups in the United States, and agreed with its president that “the best strategy” for curbing
illegal immigration was to create economic growth in the region.
Mr. Obama, in a private meeting and a subsequent news conference with El Salvador’s president, Mauricio Funes, said
he remained committed to seeking a comprehensive overhaul of immigration law that both enhances American border
security and provides a path to citizenship for illegal immigrants who have lived for years in the United States and have
jobs and families.
But that legislative goal, which Mr. Obama shelved in his first two years in office as he focused on the economy and
overhauling the health-insurance system, is moribund now that Republicans, who oppose a citizenship process, have
taken control of the House. In the news conference, Mr. Obama noted that some Republicans, including his 2008
presidential rival, Senator John McCain of Arizona, previously supported a comprehensive approach.
“My hope,” he said, “is that they begin to recognize over the next year that we can’t solve this problem without taking a
broad, comprehensive approach” — a prospect that is not considered at all likely as the 2012 elections approach. “The
politics of this are difficult,” Mr. Obama conceded, “but ultimately I am confident that we are going to get it done.”
Mr. Obama, summarizing the leaders’ private meeting, said, “President Funes is committed to creating more economic
opportunities here in El Salvador so that people don’t feel like they have to head north to provide for their families,” or
“join a criminal drug network” in order to stay in the country.
But unlike in Brazil and Chile, Mr. Obama’s first two stops and countries with growing economies, El Salvador has had
low rates of economic growth in the past decade and drug-related crime has flourished. The two presidents outlined
ways in which El Salvador and the United States were working as partners with other nations in the hemisphere — from
Canada to Chile — to address drug trafficking and economic development, including by involving the private sector in
job-creation efforts.
It is estimated that more than two million people from El Salvador are now in the United States, legally and illegally.
That is equal to about a third of this country’s current population, underscoring the scale of migration north in the three
decades since the civil war of the 1980s began here, a conflict in which the United States backed the rightist
government against the leftist rebels.
Before an official dinner, Mr. Obama visited the Metropolitan Cathedral, which holds the tomb of Archbishop Óscar
Romero, who was assassinated in 1980 and is now a national hero.
Mr. Obama had planned to visit the crypt on Wednesday, the eve of the anniversary of the assassination, but moved it
up so he could return to Washington a couple of hours earlier. He will return to the United States after a conference call
with his national security team about the conflict in Libya, which has overshadowed the trip to Latin America.
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elezione stampa
Internazionale
Affari esteri
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Il generale statunitense David Petraeus, capo della missione Nato in Afghanistan, ha
dichiarato che "migliaia di Talebani" sarebbero pronti a deporre le armi; Petraeus ha parlato
degli oltre 700 guerriglieri che hanno aderito ai piani di "reinserimento sociale" come di un
grande risultato della missione.
Thousands of Taliban lay down their weapons
Thousands of members of the Taliban are prepared to lay down their weapons in the face of “significant losses”,
according to the head of Western forces in Afghanistan.
By Duncan Gardham
General David Petraeus said 700 fighters have now been through a “reintegration process” and another 2,000 were in
“various stages” of the process.
He added that NATO estimates another “couple of thousand” have “gone back to their homes and laid down their
weapons” of their own accord.
Gen Petraeus, who was visiting London on his way back to Afghanistan from the US, has met the Queen and the Prime
Minister David Cameron as well as visiting injured British troops.
He told an audience at the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) in Whitehall that you cannot “kill and capture your
way out of an industrial insurgency” and that the Northern Ireland peace process was a “very useful model in
addressing grievances and perceived grievances.”
The numbers joining the reintegration programme represented only “modest reductions” but it was “early days,” he said.
Estimates put the number of Taliban fighters at around 25,000. The reintegration process involves contacting tribal
leaders, then vetting and disarming fighters and finally providing them with jobs.
The aim is to leave the Taliban leadership in Quetta, Pakistan, so that when they “call up” their fighters in Afghanistan
“no-one answers,” the general said.
Gen Petraeus said there were also “various strands” aimed at “reaching out for constructive discussions” with the
Taliban leadership.
“We have to see how that plays out...There have been contacts, but I don't want to overstate them, and I obviously
couldn't say with whom they have been, in recent months," he said.
The general said the Taliban have suffered “significant losses” and “will not come with such large attacks as in the past”
when the summer "fighting season" begins.
Instead he suggested they will try and hit “soft targets” by identifying local officials for assassination.
Quoting the US Defence Secretary, Robert Gates, he added: “They will be playing an away game this year rather than a
home game as they have in the past."
He said the insurgents had lost "very very important districts" in Helmand and neighbouring Kandahar.
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"The Taliban wants to reverse all that. They want to regain these areas that were of such importance to them," he said.
"But they will have to do it without owning those areas, needless to say.”
Despite a ten-year campaign, Gen Petraeus said it was “only in the last year we were able to really halt that momentum
and reverse it in some very important places.”
“We only just got the inputs right last fall,” he said, referring to a surge of US soldiers that arrived last autumn.
This summer when the “fighting season” begins, he said there would be between 100,000 and 120,000 more troops on
the ground that last year, when 70,000 Afghan forces are included.
Gen Petraeus said Nato and Afghan forces have discovered four times as many weapons, without specifying a time
period.
But he said the “focus is much more on 2014 than 2011” for the withdrawal of British and American troops following the
Nato Summit in Lisbon last November.
Nevertheless, he said President Hamid Karzai was making increasing noises for a “greater expression of sovereignty.”
“There is a point beyond which people get impatient with large numbers of foreigners on their soil,” he added.
The general pointed to a number of positive measures in Afghanistan aimed at reestablishing normal life, including one
to encourage youth sports, and a scholarship programme that is now seeing qualified university graduates returning
from the West.
Gen Petraeus said that President Karzai had also recognised that his family should not be receiving government
contracts in a move against corruption.
The general accepted that it would be some time before Afghanistan was able to support itself financially, but added
that there were “trillions of dollars of minerals in the ground.”
Osama bin Laden has not been able to respond to the unfolding events in the Middle East because of operations
against the terrorist’s senior leadership in Pakistan, the general added.
He explained that it took several weeks for bin Laden to get his messages out because he had been forced “even more
underground” and that meant he had been “overtaken by events.”
President Karzai announced on Tuesday that Afghans would take charge of security in seven parts of the country this
summer, including Lashkar Gah, the capital of Helmand Province, where most British troops are stationed.
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Il presidente afgano Hamid Karzai ha illustrato ieri i dettagli della prima fase del piano che
attribuirà alle forze locali sempre maggiori responsabilità nella gestione della sicurezza
nazionale: il capo del governo di Kabul ha spiegato che i suoi connazionali sanno bene che
“proteggere il territorio è un loro compito”.
Karzai: Afghan troops to assume more control over security
By Ernesto Londono
President Hamid Karzai announced Tuesday details of the first stage of a plan to give Afghan forces more authority in
security matters, saying that his countrymen understand “it is their responsibility to protect this soil.”
Under the plan, in July, Afghan forces will assume the nominal lead for ensuring the security of three relatively stable
provinces and four cities.
The beginning of the handover will coincide with the scheduled start of the U.S. military pullout, which commanders
have said will be slow and gradual.
The Afghan government and NATO officials say they want the transition to be complete by the end of 2014, when the
Obama administration hopes the United States will end its combat mission in Afghanistan.
The transition is taking place at a time of deepening concern about the toll the 10-year-old war is taking on civilians and
amid uncertainty about the prospect of negotiating a truce with the Taliban and other armed groups.
The government intends to assume formal control first over the northern provinces of Panjshir and Bamian. Both have
remained relatively safe in recent years, even as security has deteriorated sharply elsewhere in the country.
Karzai said Afghan authorities will take primary responsibility this summer for security in Lashkar Gah, the capital of
volatile Helmand province, in the south; Herat, the capital of a western province of the same name; Mazar-e Sharif, the
capital of the northern province of Balkh; and Mehterlam, the capital of Laghman province in the east.
Karzai also named Kabul province, which includes the nation’s capital, as one of the areas to be subject to transition,
even though it has long been under Afghan control.
NATO and Afghan officials worry that the transition plan could turn the designated areas into targets as insurgents seek
to undermine the government’s attempt to show it is ready to assume more control. Those concerns stem partly from
the example of Iraq, where provinces handed over to Iraqi control came under attack.
The president used his speech, delivered at the National Military Academy of Afghanistan in Kabul, to urge insurgents
to lay down their arms.
Addressing the Taliban, Karzai said, “There is a place for those who are willing to live in peace and brotherhood.”
The president said he understood and acknowledged the grievances that have emboldened the insurgency. “We know
that not all of the people who have taken up arms against their country are terrorists,” Karzai said.
Among the grievances he listed were airstrikes and night raids by NATO troops — tactics he has increasingly criticized.
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Karzai also addressed the government’s shortcomings, including the country’s broken justice system.
But he added: “Whatever the reason, we must end the bloodshed.”
In a statement Tuesday, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton said Karzai’s announcement advanced the vision
reaffirmed by President Obama in a December policy review.
“As transition proceeds and Afghan leadership strengthens across the country, a process of political reconciliation to
end the conflict will become increasingly viable,” she said.
NATO’s secretary general, Anders Fogh Rasmussen, also welcomed Karzai’s speech, saying the plan “represents the
next stage of Afghanistan’s journey, not the destination.”
Rasmussen said he understood that as the transition begins, NATO members with a military presence in Afghanistan
would feel pressure to bring troops home.
“No one wants our forces to be in combat a day longer than necessary,” Rasmussen said in a statement. “But it is vital
that we maintain solidarity and continuity in order to ensure that transition is irreversible.”
Karzai’s speech included none of the jabs at the United States that have become routine in recent months as the
president questioned the way the U.S.-led coalition is waging the war.
But he criticized the U.N. mission in Afghanistan, calling the administration of some of the organization’s programs
“questionable.” The relationship between Karzai and the United Nations became strained after parliamentary elections
last year, because the organization supported oversight electoral bodies that were at odds with Karzai.
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L'India sta rafforzando la presenza militare al confine con la Cina per ragioni di sicurezza.
Nuova Delhi ha già dislocato 30 mila uomini lungo il confine conteso, nel Tibet meridionale,
ma di recente ha anche intensificato i controlli in altre aree. In particolar modo desta
sospetto l'autostrada nei pressi dei monti Karakhorum e l'aeroporto che Pechino sta
costruendo nella zona. Nel nuovo rapporto sulla difesa nazionale per il 2010-2011, appena
presentato, Nuova Delhi ha indicato i progetti infrastrutturali cinesi come fonte di minaccia
per il paese.
印度空军升级靠近中国喀喇昆仑公路的机场
据美国合众国际社(UPI)3月21日特别报道称,印度国防部2010-2011年度国防报告已将中国军事实力列入其战略规划的考
虑因素。
该报告指出,中国不断增强的军力已受到新德里越来越大的关注。报告称:“印度意识到,中国不断变化的军事状况
对近邻及更大范围周边地区的产生影响,并将对此提高警觉。”
此份报告传达了多方面的信号。报告称,印中关系“至关重要”,印度政府奉行的政策是基于“相互信任、相互尊重”的
原则与中国进行交往;但报告也明确表示,中国军力的提升可能让新德里在日后感到担忧。尽管印度一直视巴基斯坦为主
要对手,但中国不断增强的军事实力引起了印度军方的关注,中国也将被视为潜在威胁。
印度军方打算拓宽战略利益范围,这一历史性的战略转变意味着印度会将关注点从巴基斯坦身上移开。1962年,中
印因喜马拉雅东北部地区发生过冲突,此后,印度军方把大部分注意力放在平原作战上,而非中印边境上的高海拔山区。
印度迅速增加的军事预算使其能够加强山地军事力量,同时也能使其在国际市场上寻找专门的武器系统,从而增强军
队的作战能力,以应对日后中印在高山地区的冲突。
美媒称,为加强其军力,印度在阿鲁纳恰尔邦(即我国藏南地区)和与中国存在争议的边境地区部署了两个山地师
,兵力约2.5万至3万人。印度空军也已向印中喜马拉雅边境南边调遣了两个苏-30MKI战斗机中队;同时,还改进了飞机
场和先进着陆机场,包括将位于拉达克地区斗拉特别奥里地(Daulat Beg Oldi) 和喀喇昆仑公路(即中巴友谊公路)附近的
丘舒尔(Chushul)机场战略升级为高级机场(ALG)。(斯年)
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La Cina è convinta che il dialogo e i negoziati siano la strada giusta per affrontare il
problema nucleare iraniano e ha quindi invitato alla calma tutti i paesi interessati. Negli
ultimi tre mesi il gruppo 5+1 (Cina, Russia, Stati Uniti, Gran Bretagna, Francia e Germania),
l’Unione europea e l’Iran si sono incontrati due volte per discutere della questione.
China says dialogue ‘right path’ to address Iran nuclear issue
China said here on Tuesday that negotiation and dialogue is the right path to address the Iran nuclear issue, calling on
relevant parties to remain patient and take proactive measures to push forward the process.
Li Baodong, the Chinese ambassador to the UN, made the remarks at a UN Security Council meeting on a 1737
Committee report.
Since last December, the six powers -- China, Russia, the United States, Britain, France and Germany --, the EU and
Iran have held two rounds of talks, during which the participating parties confirmed the basic approach of talking for
cooperation and finding common ground and also expressed readiness for continued dialogue, Li said.
At the recent meeting of IAEA (the International Atomic Energy Agency) board of governors, the six powers also
expressed their common position of continuing engagement with Iran on the basis of reciprocity and step-by-step
approach and of establishing a cooperative relationship with Iran in many fields, Li added.
""China believes as long as all sides remain patient, flexible and pragmatic and take proactive measures to enhance
mutual confidence, dialogue and negotiation will make headway,"" Li said.
As a state party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), Iran is entitled to peaceful use of
nuclear energy, Li said, adding it should also fulfill its relevant international obligations at the same time.
""We hope that Iran will take initiatives to enhance the international community's confidence in the peaceful nature of its
nuclear program,"" Li said.
He said China will continue to work with all sides in these respects and play a constructive role in this process.
The 1737 Committee is a UN Security Council committee established pursuant to Resolution 1737. It was established
on Dec. 23, 2006 to undertake the tasks set out in paragraph 18 of that same resolution. The mandate of the Committee
has since been expanded to apply also to the measures imposed in resolutions 1747 (2007) and 1803 (2008) and to the
measures decided in Resolution 1929 (2010).
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AFFARI ESTERI 29

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Iraq-Usa: Baghdad e Washington ribadiscono l’importanza di rispettare gli accordi bilaterali
siglati. Ieri, il vice presidente della Repubblica irachena, Adil Abdel Mehdi, ha esaminato
con l’ambasciatore degli Stati Uniti a Baghdad, James Jeffrey, le relazioni bilaterali e il
modo per consolidarle nell’interesse dei due paesi. Nel corso dell’incontro i due responsabili
hanno sottolineato di volersi attenere agli accordi bilaterali siglati in tutti i settori.
ﺔﻣﺮﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﺍﺪﻛﺆﺗ ﻦﻄﻨﺷﺍﻭﻭ ﺩﺍﺪﻐﺑ
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ﺡﺎﺒﺼﻟﺍ – ﺩﺍﺪﻐﺑ
ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻣ ﻡﺪﺨﻳ ﺎﻤﺑ ﺎﻫﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﻞﺒﺳﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ،ﻱﺮﻔﻴﺟ ﺲﻤﻴﺟ ﻕﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﻲﻛﺮﻴﻣﻻﺍ ﺮﻴﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻱﺪﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻝﺩﺎﻋ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ﺐﺋﺎﻧ ﺚﺤﺑ
.ﻦﻳﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ
.ﺔﻓﺎﻛ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﺒﻧﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺔﻣﺮﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻡﺍﺰﺘﻟﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﺿ ،ﺲﻣﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﺋﺎﻘﻟ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺒﻧﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﺪﻛﺍﻭ
ﺭﺎﻤﻋﻻﺍ ﺓﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﻳﺩﺪﺸﻣ ،ﺩﻼﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻃﺍﺮﻘﻤﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻗﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺪﺠﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﺧﺁ ﻥﺎﺒﻧﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﺳﺍﻭ
ﻒﺼﻌﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﺠﺘﺣﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﻮﻣﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﺣﻼﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻓﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﺶﻗﺎﻧ ﺎﻤﻛ .ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍﻭ
ﻒﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻦﻋ ﺩﺎﻌﺘﺑﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻤﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻃﺍﺮﻘﻤﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺳ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻋﺍﺩ ،ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺎﺑ
.ﺩﺍﺪﺒﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﻐﻄﻟﺍﻭ
ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻴﺴﻣﻭ ﻲﻗﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻬﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺪﺠﺘﺴﻣ ،ﺕﺮﻴﻜﻠﻣ ﺩﺁ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻣﻼﻟ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻣﻻﺍ ﻞﺜﻤﻣ ﻊﻣ ﻱﺪﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺱﺭﺍﺪﺗ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﻥﻮﻀﻏ ﻲﻓ
.ﺩﻼﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﺠﻟﺍ
.ﻲﻗﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻑﻮﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻣﻻﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻥﺍ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﺀﺎﻘﻠﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻯﺮﺟﻭ
ﺏﻮﻌﺸﻠﻟ ﺔﻋﻭﺮﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻬﻠﻣﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺎﺑﺮﻋﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺴﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﺠﺘﺣﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﻫﺎﻈﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺒﻧﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺗﻭ
.ﺀﺎﻣﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺍﺭﺍﻭ ﻒﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻦﻋ ﺍﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻦﻴﺠﺘﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻀﺤﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ
AFFARI ESTERI 30

elezione stampa
Internazionale
Interno
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In un incontro svoltosi ieri a Roma, le autorità regionali italiane hanno promesso al ministro
dell’Interno Roberto Maroni che accoglieranno migliaia di migranti arrivati nelle scorse
settimane a Lampedusa. L’Agenzia delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati (Unhcr) ha invitato
l’Europa ad aiutare l’Italia a far fronte al massiccio afflusso d’immigrati.
UN refugee agency urges Europe to help Italy cope with arrival of North Africa migrants
ALESSANDRA RIZZO
Europe should help Italy cope with a massive influx of migrants from North Africa, the U.N. refugee agency said
Tuesday, as fears mounted of a deeper crisis with the possible arrival of waves of refugees from Libya.
Since the start of the year, almost 15,000 Tunisians have crossed the Mediterranean and landed in the tiny island of
Lampedusa, closer to Africa than to mainland Italy. About 5,000 are currently on the island — doubling the population
and raising fears of a sanitation crisis. The island's migrant center, built for 800, is housing twice as many people.
"Many people are unable to find shelter from rain and cold weather," said a spokesman for the U.N. High Commissioner
for Refugees, Adrian Edwards. "Hygiene conditions are dire," he added, urging Italy to ease the overcrowding.
Italian Interior Minister Roberto Maroni travels Wednesday to Tunisia to discuss stemming the influx. In a meeting
Tuesday in Rome, he gained assurances from Italian regional authorities that they would take in thousands of migrants,
and arranged for a Navy ship to travel to Lampedusa and transfer some of them.
Maroni said Tuesday that a "question mark" still remains over possible arrivals from Libya of "refugees fleeing a
dramatic situation."
The UNHCR urged EU solidarity saying "it is crucial that the situation on Lampedusa not impede Italian preparedness
for arrivals of persons fleeing the situation in Libya, as such persons would be likely to have international protection
needs."
Italy has asked fellow European nations to share the burden of looking after the refugees. So far, the EU border agency
has sent a team in to help, but Italy is insisting on far more tangible support from individual nations.
Since allied forces launched air strikes on Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi's forces days ago, Rome has argued that its
active cooperation in the military campaign should compel European partners to take some of the immigrants off its
hands. Italy has offered the coalition the use of seven military bases for its aircraft as well as eight of its own jets for use
in missions.
The mission, however, has created unease in Maroni's own party, the anti-immigrant Northern League — a key
government ally. The party fears the military operation will backfire, as more immigrants will arrive on Italy's coast. It is
demanding the government press the EU to take concrete action.
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Il recente esodo di migranti dalla Tunisia non ha precedenti: le autorità italiane hanno
sequestrato a Lampedusa il 70 per cento della flotta di barche da pesca tunisine, partite da
Zarzis da dove provengono appunto la maggior parte dei natanti usati nel trasporto dei
migranti.
Now Feeling Free, but Still Without Work, Tunisians Look Toward Europe
By SCOTT SAYARE
The revolution has changed much in this low-slung, whitewashed city on the Mediterranean coast. Residents no longer
live in fear of the secret police, and speak openly of politics. Devout Muslims say they feel a new freedom to practice
their faith. The red national flags that hang almost everywhere are no longer joined by the portrait of the ousted
president, Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali.
But scores of unemployed young men still slouch in the cafes in the afternoons, smoking water pipes, playing cards and
sipping coffee. And at night, the fishing boats still ferry thousands of desperate workers across the Mediterranean to
Europe.
“If I could swim to Lampedusa, I’d do it,” said Walid Bourwina, 23, referring to the Italian island to which thousands of
Tunisians have recently fled. A small red satchel, stretched tight with all his belongings, leaned against his foot.
“I don’t want to spend a minute more here,” he said.
He had come to Zarzis, long a major port of departure for Tunisians leaving for Europe, two weeks earlier from a village
farther north. He was waiting — like dozens and dozens of other young men, their faces tired and drawn, wandering this
city with their own small bags — to be approached by local people who quietly offer passage to Lampedusa for about
$1,450.
Tunisians young and old tell of their pride at felling a dictator and touching off the uprisings that have spread across the
Arab world. But the exaltation of mid-January has begun to give way to more sober realities. The revolution has not
solved chronic youth unemployment, and the unrest has battered the economy with the flight of tourists and capital. The
government is in upheaval, and many also fear it will be years before a pre-revolution culture of mistrust and corruption
fades.
“It’s an entire country that needs to be remade,” said Ahmed Faouzi Khenissi, the mayor of Zarzis, a city of 70,000. “It’s
not going to be one year, or two years, or three years. It’s going to be an entire generation.”
“If I were their age,” he said of the young men who flee to Europe, “I would have emigrated.”
With the border police suddenly absent after the departure of Mr. Ben Ali on Jan. 14, more than 15,000 Tunisians have
left in boats for Europe, according to the United Nations, most setting off from the beaches of Zarzis. In response, Italy’s
various regions agreed Tuesday to temporarily share the responsibility of taking in as many as 50,000 migrants leaving
North Africa.
“I don’t want to wait, unemployed, for another year, before things start getting better,” Mr. Bourwina said.
The eldest son of a day laborer, he dropped out of high school because his family could no longer afford to pay for his
schooling, he said. He had been out of work for the past year, though earlier he had been a painter in Tunis, the capital,
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INTERNO 33

earning 300 dinars each month. It was more than the minimum wage, but far from enough to pay for the home and car
he covets, let alone the European lifestyle — discovered through Facebook, he said — to which he aspires, like many
Tunisian youths.
For years, the unemployment rate here has hovered near 13 percent, according to official statistics. And in a nation
where more than half the population is under 30, youth unemployment is at 30 percent, and even higher among
university graduates.
Tunisia’s interim prime minister, Béji Caïd Essebsi, has said that reducing unemployment will very likely prove
“arduous,” and would require an improbable economic growth rate of 8 or 9 percent.
“Tunisia is capable of this,” Mr. Essebsi vowed in an interview this month with Le Monde.
It would have been an ambitious goal even for pre-revolutionary Tunisia, where in the past decade annual growth only
once exceeded 6 percent, in 2007. And it is a task made harder by the social and political unrest that has continued
since mid-January. Planned elections remain several months away, and a number of interim ministers have resigned or
been forced out of office. Several people have died in continuing street protests.
The tensions have sapped investor confidence, and agencies have downgraded Tunisia’s credit rating to near junk
status.
The country’s economy weathered the global downturn with relative poise — growing 3 percent in 2009 — but it was
dealt a harsh blow by the revolution. The upheaval crippled the critical tourism sector, which typically employs 400,000
of the country’s 3.3 million workers and accounts for 7 percent of gross domestic product. Tourism revenues have
dropped 40 percent in the months since Mr. Ben Ali’s ouster. (The government has, however, started a promotional
campaign with the cheeky tag line, “Finally free to tan.”)
Mr. Essebsi, the prime minister, told Le Monde that he predicted that political stability would be achieved by
midsummer; he offered no guess as to when the economy might recover, nor when unemployment might begin to fall.
“We don’t know if things are going to be fixed,” said one young man who left Zarzis just three weeks after the revolution.
Now in Paris, he has yet to find work, but said he did not regret his departure.
“There’s no hope in Tunisia,” said the man, 27, who gave his name only as Walid, fearing deportation. He noted that
many regional governments remained controlled by members of Mr. Ben Ali’s now defunct political party.
He had found occasional work in Zarzis as a laborer, he said, living with his family and earning less than 100 dinars
each month. Earlier, he had studied computing in Tunis, but said he left his degree unfinished after repeated beatings
by the secret police. Vocally antigovernment, he said even his professors had begun to fail him, at the government’s
behest.
“They made me hate my country,” he said, though he plans to return to Zarzis to build a house once he has earned
20,000 euros in France.
Tunisians have been leaving Zarzis with similar hopes for generations. Walid’s own father worked in a Renault
automobile plant in France for 23 years, he said. Local lore holds that there are 25,000 Zarzisian families living in
France, many sending money home each month.
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“Without that income, Zarzis could not survive,” said Mr. Khenissi, the mayor. Emigration from the city “is not a new
phenomenon,” he said. “It will never stop.”
The recent exodus is unprecedented in scale, though. It has devastated the local fishing fleet, the largest source of
boats used to ferry migrants across the Mediterranean. Italian border authorities have seized 70 percent of the Zarzis
fishing fleet in Lampedusa, Mr. Khenissi said. He estimated it would take a full year to rebuild it.
With so many young men suddenly gone — about 2,500 Zarzis residents are thought to have left since mid-January —
businesses here have also reportedly been finding themselves short-handed.
“But on the other hand,” Mr. Khenissi noted wryly, “we have less unemployment.”
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Emergenza immigrazione. Continua il flusso incessante di immigrati verso l’Italia. Nelle
ultime 24 ore sarebbero almeno 600 i clandestini nordafricani sbarcati sulle coste di
Lampedusa, dove attualmente si contano almeno 4.300 rifugiati, fra cui 280 minorenni.
Una barcaza con 300 inmigrantes que salió de Libia, en paradero desconocido
Una barcaza que partió supuestamente de Trípoli hace dos días con unos 300 inmigrantes a bordo rumbo a la isla de
Lampedusa, se encuentra en paradero desconocido, por lo que la Guardia Costera italiana ha lanzado un llamamiento
para su localización a aviones y naves que operan en el canal de Sicilia.
Según informa la Guardia Costera, aviones y naves civiles y militares han sido avisadas de que una embarcación pidió
ayuda a través de un teléfono por satélite en las últimas horas y se desconoce su posición actual.
La llamada de socorro fue realizada por uno de los inmigrantes a bordo de la barcaza, que logró comunicar con uno de
sus familiares residente en la localidad siciliana de Agrigento, quien, a su vez, se puso en contacto con el Alto
Comisionado para los Refugiados de Naciones Unidas (ACNUR).
Fuentes de ACNUR explicaron que la persona a bordo de la barcaza explicó que en la misma viajaban cerca de 330
personas, la mayoría de ellas de nacionalidad eritrea, y que habían salido de Trípoli.
Se trataría de la primera embarcación con inmigrantes, de la que se tiene constancia, que parte de Libia.
En las últimas 24 horas han desembarcado en la isla de Lampedusa unos 600 indocumentados procedentes del norte
de África, la mayoría de ellos de nacionalidad tunecina.
Las autoridades locales han informado de que en la isla, que se encuentra muy cerca de las costas africanas, se
encuentran en este momento unos 4.300 refugiados, entre ellos 280 menores de edad, que han sido alojados en unas
instalaciones separadas.
Este jueves llegó a Sicilia desde Lampedusa la nave militar "San Marco" con unos 500 inmigrantes, quienes fueron
trasladados, entre protestas de los vecinos, a la llamada "aldea de solidaridad" de la localidad siciliana de Mineo, un
antiguo complejo residencial militar reconvertido en lugar de acogida.
El Ayuntamiento de Lampedusa lanzó este jueves de nuevo un llamamiento al Gobierno de Silvio Berlusconi para que
facilite agua potable a la isla, dado que el elevado número de inmigrantes, que iguala al de habitantes del lugar,
provoca que la que hay no sea "suficiente".
Así, las autoridades de la isla reiteraron este jueves su solicitud de un suministro extra de unos 20.000 metros cúbicos
de agua potable hecha ya hace un mes, pues en la isla se encuentran en este momento unas 11.000 personas, entre
inmigrantes, residentes y fuerzas del orden.
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Spagna, questione basca. La Corte suprema spagnola, che mercoledì ha dichiarato illegale
la formazione della sinistra radicale basca, il Sortu, ha rimesso al Tribunale costituzionale
la responsabilità di decidere sul probabile ricorso del partito entro un limite che potrebbe
permettere la partecipazione del Sortu alle elezioni municipali del 22 maggio.
La votación del Supremo obliga a Sortu a plantearse un amparo urgente
Los magistrados discrepantes estudian presentar un solo voto firmado por todos
JULIO M. LÁZARO
La decisión de la Sala Especial del artículo 61 del Tribunal Supremo, que el miércoles acordó, por nueve votos a favor
y siete en contra, la ilegalización de la formación abertzale Sortu, traspasa al Tribunal Constitucional la responsabilidad
de pronunciarse sobre un previsible recurso de amparo antes del plazo límite para que el partido pueda concurrir a las
elecciones municipales del 22 de mayo.
Aunque en un plazo ordinario sería muy difícil que el Constitucional tuviese tiempo de ver el recurso, fuentes del alto
tribunal indicaron que cabe la posibilidad de acortar los tiempos como se ha hecho en otras ocasiones.
Entre tanto, los siete magistrados disidentes del Supremo evaluaban ayer la posibilidad de presentar un único voto
particular discrepante, en vez de los tres anunciados, firmado por el presidente de la Sala de lo Civil, Juan Antonio Xiol,
y al que se adherirían los otros seis. Ese movimiento subrayaría el alto número de contrarios a la sentencia y
acentuaría ante el Constitucional la necesidad de un pronunciamiento decisorio antes de las elecciones.
El presidente del Constitucional, Pascual Sala, declinó anoche pronunciarse sobre ese asunto porque, según dijo, sería
una elucubración "puramente nominal".
La votación de la Sala del 61 arrojó un resultado difícilmente previsible, que no solo rompió en pedazos la unanimidad
que casi siempre ha imperado en torno a las marcas herederas de Batasuna. Además, la división se produjo siguiendo
la habitual fractura ideológica entre conservadores y progresistas, siendo estos últimos los discrepantes.
Según las fuentes consultadas, la votación fue decidida por el presidente, Carlos Dívar, que votó junto a los
conservadores. La votación estaba ocho a siete, y dado que era el último en votar, Dívar decantó hacia el nueve a siete
final.
Se pronunciaron a favor de la inscripción de Sortu en el registro de partidos tres presidentes de Sala del Supremo: el
de la Sala de lo Civil, Juan Antonio Xiol; el de la Sala de lo Contencioso, José Manuel Sieira; y el de la Sala de lo
Social, Gonzalo Moliner. Anunciaron votos particulares discrepantes de la mayoría los magistrados José Luis Calvo,
Rafael Gimeno-Bayón y Manuel Alarcón Caracuel. También se mostró en contra de la mayoría el magistrado Jorge
Alberto Barreiro.
La Sala del 61 no informó del resultado de esta votación, sino solo de los tres votos disidentes, lo que propició que
durante toda la noche y la madrugada de ayer la mayor parte de los informativos hicieran referencia a una votación
favorable a la denegación de la inscripción de Sortu por 13 votos a 3.
Lógicamente, dicha votación es muy diferente de un 9 a 7, que divide a la Sala casi por la mitad y deja muy abierto y
pendiente del Constitucional un eventual recurso de Sortu con carácter de urgencia.
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Sin embargo, una sentencia con solo tres votos discrepantes y sin adhesiones de los demás magistrados se
contabilizaría con un resultado de 13 a 3, a todas luces insuficiente para alterar los tiempos del Constitucional. De ahí
que los magistrados discrepantes estudiaran ayer un voto conjunto, en vez de tres o siete dispersos, con la autoridad
de ir firmado además por tres presidentes de Sala, cuyo peso específico difícilmente podría ser ignorado por el
Constitucional.
Por otra parte, la posibilidad de un pronunciamiento del Constitucional antes de la proclamación de candidaturas, el
próximo 18 de abril, depende en primer lugar de que la defensa de Sortu presente rápidamente el recurso de amparo y
solicite la tramitación urgente antes de las elecciones.
Previamente, el Supremo tiene que hacer público el auto de rechazo a la inscripción de Sortu junto al voto o votos
discrepantes, lo que, según fuentes del tribunal, podría suceder antes de finales del mes de marzo. Así, tendría que ser
en los primeros días de abril, en torno al día 5, cuando Sortu presentase su demanda de amparo, para dar tiempo a
que una de las dos salas del Constitucional la admitiese a trámite y diese traslado al fiscal y el abogado del Estado
para contestar al recurso.
Fuentes próximas a la formación abertzale informaron de que hoy se reunirán sus promotores con los abogados y
decidirán sobre la presentación del recurso. En principio ven dificultades en fiar el éxito del amparo a unos plazos tan
exiguos, dado que el Constitucional tendría que acortar significativamente los tiempos de respuesta a la Fiscalía y a la
Abogacía del Estado. Además, si estos agotan sus plazos dejarían escaso margen al tribunal para pronunciarse. En
cambio, ven que el recurso podría tener más posibilidades si se argumenta sólidamente y fuera del contexto electoral,
aunque el fallo se produciría entonces dentro de varios meses.
Fuentes jurídicas apuntaron, sin embargo, que si la izquierda abertzale opta por los denominados planes b
(presentación de agrupaciones electorales) o c (infiltración en listas de EA), las posibilidades de que Sortu pueda
concurrir a las elecciones se reducirán a cero.
Por parte del Constitucional, la decisión de anticipar el recurso para ajustarse a los tiempos electorales corresponde a
su presidente, Pascual Sala, que previsiblemente consultará al pleno la próxima semana.
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La polizia spagnola, in collaborazione con la Dea statunitense e con le autorità italiane,
romene ed ecuadoriane, ha smantellato una rete di narcotrafficanti di origine romena,
sequestrando 364 chili di eroina. Il carico, proveniente dall’Ecuador, era diretto al mercato
europeo. Il blitz ha portato all’arresto di cinque persone.
Intervenidos 106 kilos de heroína a una red vinculada con cárteles colombianos
La Guardia Civil ha participado, junto a policías de Rumanía, Ecuador e Italia y la DEA de Estados Unidos, en la
desarticulación de una red de narcotraficantes de origen rumano, a los que se ha incautado 364 kilos de cocaína y 106
kilos de heroína, procedentes de Ecuador y Turquía con destino a Europa.
Según ha informado el instituto armado, en las distintas fases de la operación 'Karpatos', se ha detenido en Rumanía a
cinco personas de esta nacionalidad, responsables de la organización.
Los ciudadanos rumanos mantenían contactos en España con personas colombianas, miembros del 'cártel de
Medellín' que, al igual que los rumanos, se desplazan periódicamente a España para organizar y coordinar el traslado
de cocaína desde Ecuador a Europa, utilizando como trampolín de entrada el Puerto de Algeciras (Cádiz).
En una de estas citas, los agentes observaron como los rumanos Constantin N. de 40 años y Catalin I. de 41 años, se
reunían con el colombiano Víctor Manuel P.S de 54 años., alias 'El Viejo', relacionado con los cárteles colombianos de
'Los Mellizos' y 'Medellín'.
Durante esa reunión acordaron el traslado de un alijo de cocaína oculto en un contenedor de pescado congelado que
partiría del puerto de Guayaquil (Ecuador) hacía el puerto de Algeciras y, desde allí, al puerto rumano de Constanza,
vía Italia.
Se comunicó la información a las autoridades policiales de Ecuador, que localizaron en el puerto de Guayaquil 364
kilogramos de cocaína preparada para ser enviada a Europa.
De forma paralela y fruto de los seguimientos de los responsables de la red, se detectó en la frontera entre Rumanía y
Hungría un camión con destino a Francia que transportaba 106,5 kilos de heroína procedente de Turquía, distribuidos
en 216 paquetes ocultos entre una carga de mobiliario.
Durante las distintas fases de la operación se ha detenido a un total de cinco personas, todas ellas ciudadanos
rumanos acusados del transporte de la cocaína entre Ecuador y España y del tráfico de heroína rumbo a Francia.
Las fuerzas de seguridad tratan ahora de localizar a Víctor Manuel P.S, 'El Viejo', narcotraficante colombiano que se
encuentra en busca y captura.
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Francia, disoccupazione: in mancanza di una netta schiarita, almeno si registra una pausa.
Il numero di persone in cerca d'impiego è rimasto sostanzialmente identico a febbraio,
manifestando un calo dello 0,1 per cento in un mese (2,7 milioni). Mentre la curva della
disoccupazione si stabilizza dopo mesi contrastanti, la situazione migliora per i giovani, ma
peggiora per i “senior”; si riscontrano differenze anche fra i sessi.
Leila de Comarmond
Baisse timide du chômage en février
Le nombre de demandeurs d'emploi n'ayant pas du tout travaillé a diminué de 0,1 % en février (- 2.100), selon Pôle
emploi. Si la courbe du chômage se stabilise après des mois contrastés, l'évolution est très différente entre les jeunes
et les plus de 50 ans, de même qu'entre les hommes et les femmes.
Le froid, le chaud ; et maintenant le tiède. L'espoir suscité par la diminution en janvier du nombre de chômeurs, qui
avait succédé à deux mois de forte hausse, laisse la place à un sentiment mitigé : le nombre de demandeurs d'emploi
n'ayant pas du tout travaillé (catégorie A) a stagné en février. Selon les statistiques publiées hier par le ministère du
Travail, il s'est établi à 2.701.100 en France métropolitaine, soit 2.100 de moins qu'en janvier. Soit une baisse de 0,1 %
sur un mois et une hausse de 1,3 % sur un an. « Après les bons résultats enregistrés en janvier, ce deuxième mois
consécutif de baisse globale du nombre de demandeurs d'emploi est encourageant », a réagi le ministre du Travail,
Xavier Bertrand.
Une fois n'est pas coutume, lorsque l'on intègre aussi les personnes inscrites à Pôle emploi mais qui ont travaillé dans
le mois et sont astreintes à des actes positifs de recherche d'emploi (catégories A, B, C), le nombre de chômeurs a
aussi légèrement baissé (- 4.500 en France métropolitaine, soit - 0,1 % sur un mois et + 4,1 % sur un an). Mais il
semble maintenant durablement installé au-dessus des 4 millions, à 4.040.000 en métropole et 4.301.300 DOM
compris.
Forte hausse de l'intérim
Les courbes d'évolution du chômage font apparaître que la France est entrée dans une phase de stabilisation. Mais pas
encore de repli. Et ce, en dépit de l'amélioration de l'emploi qui semble se dessiner depuis le début de l'année selon les
données de l'Acoss (qui chapeaute les Urssaf) sur les embauches des entreprises ou encore du Prisme (patronat de
l'intérim). Sur les deux premiers mois de 2011, l'emploi intérimaire aurait notamment progressé de 19 % par rapport à la
même période de 2010, selon les évaluations de l'organisation professionnelle.
Cela explique sans doute au moins en partie le contraste marqué de l'évolution du chômage entre hommes et femmes
en février : les hommes sont plus nombreux dans l'intérim, surtout dans l'industrie, qui a bien redémarré. Alors que le
nombre de chômeurs a baissé de 0,6 % sur un mois et de 1,6 % sur un an, celui des chômeuses a progressé
respectivement de 0,5 % et 4,7 %.
La divergence d'évolution est aussi très marquée entre jeunes et seniors : le nombre de demandeurs d'emploi de moins
de 25 ans a encore baissé en février, de 1,1 % sur un mois et de 6,4 % sur un an en catégorie A, ce qui est
encourageant. En revanche, celui des plus de 50 ans continue d'augmenter, de 1,4 % sur un mois et de... 13,5 % sur
un an. Le nombre de demandeurs d'emploi de catégorie A entre 25 et 49 ans a pour sa part stagné (- 0,3 % et + 0,2 %).
Moins de turn-over
La progression du chômage des seniors est d'autant plus problématique qu'elle s'accompagne d'une diminution du turn-
over des inscrits à Pôle emploi. Le nombre de nouveaux venus baisse, ce qui est une bonne chose, mais celui des
sorties aussi. Résultat : Pôle emploi observe à nouveau une progression du nombre de chômeurs de longue durée
(inscrits depuis plus d'un an), à 1.525.400 en février (+ 0,3 % sur un mois et + 14,3 % sur un an). Petite lueur d'espoir :
le nombre de personnes inscrites à Pôle emploi depuis un à deux ans a décru de 0,9 % en février.
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La crisi atomica in Giappone ha inflitto un duro colpo in tutto il mondo all’industria del
settore: l’Italia ieri è stato uno degli ultimi paesi a rivedere i suoi progetti, annunciando una
moratoria di un anno al piano per l’individuazione dei siti e la realizzazione di nuove
centrali nucleari.
Radiation in Tokyo Water; U.S. Curbs Japan Food Imports
Japanese authorities advised against allowing infants to drink tap water in Tokyo due to raised radiation levels and the
United States became the first nation to block some food imports from Japan.
The crisis at the tsunami-smashed nuclear power plant, 250 km (150 miles) north of the Japanese capital, appeared far
from over with workers attempting to gain control ordered to leave the site after black smoke began rising from one of its
six reactors.
The plant was crippled by a 9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami on March 11. Some 23,000 people have been left
dead or missing.
Tokyo authorities said water at a purification plant for the capital of 13 million people had 210 becquerels of radioactive
iodine -- more than twice the safety level for infants.
"This is without doubt, an effect of the Fukushima Daiichi plant," a Tokyo metropolitan government official said, referring
to the nuclear power station.
Tokyo governor Shintaro Ishihara, however, said the radiation level posed no immediate health risk and water could still
be used.
"But for infants under age one, I would like them to refrain from using tap water to dilute baby formula," he said.
International concerns about food safety are growing, with the United States the latest to impose controls. The U.S.
Food and Drug Administration said it was stopping imports of milk, vegetable and fruit from four prefectures in the
vicinity of the crippled nuclear plant.
South Korea may be next to ban Japanese food after the world's worst atomic crisis since Chernobyl in 1986. France
this week asked the European Commission to look into harmonising controls on radioactivity in imports from Japan.
Food made up just 0.6 percent of Japan's total exports last year.
Authorities said above-safety radiation levels had been discovered in 11 types of vegetables from the area, in addition
to milk and water.
Officials still insisted, however, that there was no major danger to humans and urged the world not to over react.
"We will explain to countries the facts and we hope they will take logical measures based on them," Japan's chief
cabinet secretary Yukio Edano, who has been the government's public face during the disaster, told a news conference.
Japan has already halted shipment of some food from the area and told people there to stop eating leafy vegetables.
Asian neighbours are inspecting imports for contamination, and Taiwan advised boats to stop fishing in Japanese
waters.
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At the Fukushima plant, engineers are battling to cool reactors to contain further contamination and avert a meltdown.
But they were ordered out on Wednesday when black smoke began rising from the No.3 reactor, the plant's operator,
Tokyo Electric Power Co, said. It said it did not know what was causing the smoke.
The Asian nation's worst crisis since World War Two may have caused $300 billion (183 billion pounds) damage and
has sent shock waves through global financial markets.
More than a quarter of a million people are living in shelters, while rescuers and sniffer dogs comb debris and mud
looking for corpses and personal mementoes.
DRAMA AT FUKUSHIMA
Technicians working inside an evacuation zone around the plant have successfully attached power cables to all six
reactors and started a pump at one to cool overheating fuel rods.
As well as having its workers on the front line in highly dangerous circumstances, TEPCO is also facing accusations of
a slow disaster response and questions over why it originally stored more uranium at the plant than it was designed to
hold.
Vienna-based U.N. watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), expressed concern about a lack of
information from Japanese authorities. It cited missing data on temperatures of spent fuel pools at the facility's reactors
1, 3 and 4.
"We continue to see radiation coming from the site ... and the question is where exactly is that coming from?" said a
senior IAEA official, James Lyons.
U.S. Defence Secretary Robert Gates said he was concerned about radioactive fallout affecting the U.S. 55,000 troops
in and around Japan, many involved in a massive relief operation for Washington's close ally. "We're also deeply
concerned about the wellbeing of our Japanese allies," he said.
Worsened by widespread ignorance of the technicalities of radiation, public concern is rising around the world and
radioactive particles have been found as far away as Iceland.
Experts said tiny traces of radioactive particles, measured by a network of monitoring stations as they spread eastwards
from Japan across the Pacific, North America, the Atlantic and to Europe, were far too low to cause any harm to
humans. "It's only a matter of days before it disperses in the entire northern hemisphere," said Andreas Stohl, a senior
scientist at the Norwegian Institute for Air Research
GLOBAL IMPACT
The Japan crisis has dealt a blow to the nuclear power industry around the world. Italy became the latest nation to re-
assess its programme, announcing a one-year moratorium on site selection and building of plants.
Crisis in the world's third-biggest economy -- and its key position in global supply chains, especially for the auto and
technology sectors -- has added to global market jitters, also affected by conflict in Libya and unrest in the Middle East.
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Asian shares fell on Wednesday, with Tokyo's Nikkei ending 1.65 percent down as investors took profits from a two-
session bounce. Japanese stocks are about 8 percent below their close on the day the big quake struck.
Toyota said it would delay the launch in Japan of two additions to the Prius line-up, a wagon and a minivan, from the
originally planned end-April due to production disruptions.
The tsunami and earthquake are the world's costliest ever natural disaster, with the government estimating damage at
15-25 trillion yen (113 billion-189 billion pounds).
The upper end of that range would equate to about 6 percent of Japan's gross domestic product.
The official death toll has risen to 9,199, but with 13,786 people still reported missing, it is certain to rise.
There are reports dozens of survivors, mostly elderly, have died in hospitals and evacuation centres due to a lack of
proper treatment, or simply because of the cold.
Desperate municipalities are digging mass graves, unthinkable in a nation where the dead are usually cremated and
their ashes placed in stone family tombs near Buddhist temples.
"This is a special measure, but there is nothing much else we can do," said Kazuhiko Endo, an official in Kamaishi town,
where a mass burial is planned on Friday for 150 unidentified people.
"More than a week has passed since we placed them in morgues and we don't know if they can be identified."
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Gran Bretagna, nucleare: il governo britannico ha previsto lo sviluppo del programma
nucleare senza aver considerato che dove sorgono le centrali la percentuale di casi di
cancro infantile è insolitamente alta: è questa la motivazione che ha spinto Rory Walker, 24
anni e padre di due figli, a rivolgersi in Tribunale per vietare al governo di costruire una
centrale a Lancaster, dove risiede con la sua famiglia. Nella mozione di Walker si allega
che il ministro dell’Energia e del clima, Chris Huhne, non ha preso in considerazione i dati
che provano l’aumento dei casi di bambini malati nelle zone limitrofe agli impianti.
Chris Huhne faces legal challenge over nuclear link to cancer in children
Community worker who lives near proposed nuclear power stations in Lancashire launches unprecedented case
Rob Edwards
The government has ordered an expansion of the UK's nuclear programme without properly factoring in evidence that
nuclear power stations cause an increase in cancer cases in children living nearby, according to a legal challenge in the
high court.
The case alleges that the energy and climate secretary, Chris Huhne, did not properly review the evidence on cancer
when giving the go-ahead for the expansion last year. Lawyers claim the action could delay, or even stop, the
programme of new reactors.
Rory Walker, a 24-year-old community worker from Lancaster, has won legal aid to launch the unprecedented case.
Walker lives close to Heysham where two new reactors are planned, and says he is worried about having children who
could suffer an increased risk of leukaemia.
"It is folly beyond belief, and almost genocidal, to build new nuclear power stations," he said. "Nuclear power is unsafe,
uneconomic and a dangerous distraction."
Walker's decision to go to court predates the Fukushima nuclear crisis following the Japan tsunami, though Walker said
it has reinforced his fears.
He is an active member of the Heysham Anti-Nuclear Alliance, and works on a project to help local people grow more
food on a community allotment. Under legal aid rules, he has agreed to contribute 10% of his income towards the cost
of the legal action.
Walker alleges that evidence from government-sponsored studies in Germany was not adequately taken into account
by Huhne. It suggests that young children who live close to nuclear power stations are twice as vulnerable to developing
leukaemia. The studies, known as KiKK (Kinderkrebs in der Umgebung von KernKraftwerken), prompted an
investigation by the UK Department of Health, which has not yet been published.
Ian Fairlie, a consultant on radiation in the environment, is acting as an expert witness in support of Walker's court
challenge.
"If the risks found following the KiKK study were applied to Heysham, infants and young children under five living within
5km would be exposed to increased risks of cancer, especially leukaemia," he said.
Huhne is accused of breaching a 1996 directive from Europe's nuclear agency, Euratom. Andrew Lockley, a partner
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with Irwin Mitchell, said: "The fundamental purpose of the Euratom directive is to make sure that a comprehensive and
detailed assessment is made before new nuclear reactors are built."
"It does not permit an approach which appears generalised, generic and deferred. Justification requires that the health
detriments should be considered and balanced against the economic, social or other benefits which may occur – but
this doesn't seem to have happened here." The lawyers want a judicial review to rule that Huhne acted unlawfully, and
to quash his decisions.
A spokeswoman for Huhne at the Department of Energy and Climate Change (Decc) said: "We are confident that the
decisions were rightly and properly made. The safety of our nuclear power stations is the government's number one
priority and the UK has one of the most rigorous and robust regulatory systems anywhere in the world."
She added: "The government have asked the chief nuclear inspector, Dr Mike Weightman, to produce a report on the
implications of the unprecedented events in Japan and the lessons to be learned for the UK nuclear industry."
A spokesperson for the Nuclear Industry Association, which represents nuclear companies said: "This matter is now
part of the legal process and we are not therefore in a position to comment."
The government has until the end of the month to make a formal response to the legal action, which will then go to a
judge, who may order a hearing in London.
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La concentrazione di cittadini di colore residenti negli Stati Usa del Sud ha raggiunto il
livello più alto degli ultimi 50 anni, grazie a un flusso di afro-americani giovani e istruiti che
abbandona le città del Nord Est e del Midwest alla ricerca di migliori opportunità.
Many U.S. Blacks Moving to South, Reversing Trend
By SABRINA TAVERNISE and ROBERT GEBELOFF
The percentage of the nation’s black population living in the South has hit its highest point in half a century, according to
census data released Thursday, as younger and more educated black residents move out of declining cities in the
Northeast and Midwest in search of better opportunities.
The share of black population growth that has occurred in the South over the past decade — the highest since 1910,
before the Great Migration of blacks to the North — has upended some long-held assumptions.
Both Michigan and Illinois, whose cities have rich black cultural traditions, showed an overall loss of blacks for the first
time, said William Frey, the chief demographer at the Brookings Institution.
And Atlanta, for the first time, has replaced Chicago as the metro area with the largest number of African-Americans
after New York. About 17 percent of blacks who moved to the South in the past decade left New York State, far more
than from any other state, the census data show.
At the same time, blacks have begun leaving cities for more affluent suburbs in large numbers, much like generations of
whites before them.
“The notion of the North and its cities as the promised land has been a powerful part of African-American life, culture
and history, and now it all seems to be passing by,” said Clement Price, a professor of history at Rutgers-Newark. “The
black urban experience has essentially lost its appeal with blacks in America.”
During the turbulent 1960s, black population growth ground to a halt in the South, and Southern states claimed less
than 10 percent of the national increase then. The South has increasingly claimed a greater share of black population
growth since — about half the country’s total in the 1970s, two-thirds in the 1990s and three-quarters in the decade that
just ended.
The percentage of black Americans living in the South is still far lower than before the Great Migration in the earlier part
of the last century, when 90 percent did. Today it is 57 percent, the highest since 1960.
“This is the decade of black flight,” said Mr. Frey. “It’s a new age for African-Americans. It’s long overdue, but it seems
to be happening.”
The five counties with the largest black populations in 2000 — Cook in Illinois, Los Angeles, Wayne in Michigan, Kings
in New York and Philadelphia — all lost black population in the last decade. Among the 25 counties with the biggest
increase in black population, three-quarters are in the South.
The Rev. Ronald Peters, who moved last year from Pittsburgh to Atlanta, said it was refreshing to be part of a hopeful
black middle class that was not weighed down by the stigmas and stereotypes of the past, as he felt it was in the urban
Northeast.
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“Too often, people turn on TV and all they see are black men in chains,” said Mr. Peters, president of the
Interdenominational Theological Center, a seminary in Atlanta. “Atlanta is a clear example of a different type of ethos.
The black community is not people who have lost their way.”
Increasingly blacks are moving to places with small black populations. Just 2 percent of the black population growth in
the last decade occurred in counties that have traditionally been black population centers, while 20 percent has
occurred in counties where only a tiny fraction of the population had been black.
Segregation declined during the decade. Among the nation’s 100 largest metro areas, 92 showed segregation declines
with most of the largest occurring in growing areas in the South and West, Mr. Frey said.
The South was the fastest growing region over all, up 14 percent from 2000. Its white population increased as well,
though whites grew substantially in the West as well, something that was not the case for blacks. Growth of Asian and
Hispanic populations — which grew the fastest over all — was widely distributed throughout the nation.
“The center of population has moved south in the most extreme way we’ve ever seen in history,” said Robert Groves,
director of the Census Bureau.
Northern blacks were a big part of Southern gains. There are now more than one million black residents of the South
who were born in the Northeast, a tenfold increase since 1970.
Blacks who moved to the South were disproportionately young — 40 percent were adults ages 21 to 40, compared with
29 percent of the nonmigrant black population. One in four newcomers had a four-year college degree, compared to
one in six of the black adults who had already lived in the South.
Cicely Bland, 36, a publishing company owner who left her home in Jersey City in 2006 for Stockbridge, an Atlanta
suburb, said life was better because it was more affordable. Her choice was as much about cultural affinity as it was job
opportunities.
“The business and political opportunities are here,” she said. “You have a lot of African-Americans with a lot of
influence, and they’re in my immediate networks.”
Over all, the black population grew by 11 percent in large metropolitan counties, but by 15 percent in adjacent smaller
counties in the metropolitan area, suggesting a strong movement of blacks to the suburbs. The top 10 fastest-growing
areas were suburbs, census officials said.
Not everyone was well off. Katherine Curtis, assistant professor of sociology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison,
who specializes in demography and inequality, said blacks who returned to the states where they were born tended to
have a higher poverty rate than those who went to other Southern states. One reason could be that they moved back
for family, not economic opportunity, she said.
The black population grew by 11 percent over the decade, faster than the 1 percent growth in the white population, but
far behind the 43 percent growth in the Hispanic population, whose increase made up more than half of all population
growth in the decade.
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But there were declines among blacks under 18, down 2 percent for the decade. The population of white children was
down 10 percent, with 46 states experiencing declines in the white youth population, Mr. Frey said. Children from
minority groups are now about 46 percent of the total population under 18, compared with 53 percent for whites.
In Atlanta, Mr. Peters, who grew up in New Orleans, viewed the changes as a source of pride for Americans, saying the
South had changed a lot in his lifetime.
“One of the things that I grew up with was looking forward to the day that there would be a New South,” he said. “This is
it. The New South represents a more inclusive community, what we can become as a country.”
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elezione stampa
Internazionale
Difesa
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Il 22 marzo Russia e Usa si sono scambiati delle informazioni sulla composizione e sulla
dislocazione delle armi che soggiacciono al Trattato sulla riduzione degli armamenti
offensivi strategici. Le parti si sono scambiate dei dati su missili, razzi vettori, testate
nucleari e bombardieri pesanti il cui numero viene regolarizzato dal Trattato.
Conformemente al protocollo, lo scambio dei dati è avvenuto 45 giorni dopo la ratifica del
documento da ambedue le parti. Il trattato Start era siglato dai presidenti russo e
statunitense ancora nell’aprile scorso, ma i parlamenti dei rispettivi paesi sono riusciti a
ratificarlo solo verso la fine del 2010 a causa di una forte resistenza opposta al documento
da parte di un gruppo dei senatori repubblicani.
.
Россия и США обменялись данными о ядерных арсеналах
Россия и США 22 марта обменялись данными о составе и месте дислокации вооружений, подпадающих под
договор о сокращении стратегических наступательных вооружений (СНВ). Об этом сообщает агентство
"Интерфакс" со ссылкой на источник в Генштабе ВС РФ.
Американский Центр сокращения ядерных рисков и российский Национальный центр уменьшения ядерной
опасности предоставили друг другу данные о ракетах, носителях, боеголовках и тяжелых бомбардировщиках,
количество которых регулируется договором об СНВ. В соответствии с протоколом, обмен данными состоялся
через 45 дней после ратификации документа обеими сторонами.
Во вторник состоялась встреча министра обороны РФ Анатолия Сердюкова с его американским коллегой
Робертом Гейтсом, сообщает ИТАР-ТАСС. По словам Гейтса, на встрече обсуждались вопросы
противоракетной обороны, военно-технического сотрудничества, обучения личного состава. Сердюков добавил,
что обсудил с американским министром ситуацию в Северной Африке и Афганистане.
Договор об СНВ был подписан президентами Дмитрием Медведевым и Бараком Обамой еще в апреле 2010
года. Парламенты обеих стран ратифицировали его лишь в конце года: во многом это было связано с
противостоянием, которое документ встретил со стороны группы американских сенаторов-республиканцев.
Договор вступил в силу в начале февраля 2011 года.
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La marina militare russa non prevede di seguire l’esempio dei colleghi britannici che
intendono sostituire i reattori nucleari sui sommergibili atomici dopo il recente incidente alla
centrale nucleare nipponica Fukushima-1: lo ha comunicato il portavoce dello stato
maggiore della marina militare della Russia, spiegando che i sommergibili russi di terza e
quarta generazione sono dotati di motori nucleari sicuri; persino sul sottomarino Kursk (che
subì un’avaria nel 2000 nelle acque del Mare di Barents) non si era verificata nessuna fuga
di radioattività. Il rappresentante dello stato maggiore ha inoltre rilevato che, a parte gli
avanzati sistemi di sicurezza degli impianti nucleari, i sommergibili russi vengono
equipaggiati con i sistemi di alimentazione di riserva che garantiscono il raffreddamento del
reattore in caso di avaria.
РЕАКТОРЫ МЕНЯТЬ НЕ БУДУТ
Матвей КОЖУКИН.
Российский Военно-морской флот не планирует следовать примеру британских коллег, которые намерены
заменить ядерные реакторы на атомных подлодках после аварии на японской АЭС «Фукусима-1».
Об этом сообщает Интерфакс-АВН со ссылкой на представителя Главного штаба ВМФ.
Российские подлодки третьего и четвёртого поколения имеют надёжные ядерные установки и безопасную
обитаемость экипажей. Даже на взорвавшейся АПЛ «Курск» не произошла утечка радиации. На поднятой со дна
Баренцева моря подлодке оба реакторных отсека были сухими, их защита сработала автоматически, а сами
реакторы были вовремя заглушены.
Так, собеседник агентства прокомментировал сообщение британской газеты «Гардиан» о том, что ВМС
Великобритании собираются отказаться от использования на подводных лодках ядерных реакторов,
аналогичных работавшим на японской АЭС. Со ссылкой на министра обороны Великобритании Лайама Фокса
газета пишет, что ситуация на «Фукусиме» послужила причиной того, чтобы заменить старые реакторы на
более безопасные.
Реакторы PWR2, используемые на британских подлодках, не соответствуют современным нормам
безопасности, говорится в докладе, подготовленном экспертами по ядерной безопасности. Эти реакторы
обладают более слабой системой охлаждения, а в случае повреждения могут выделять радиоактивные
продукты, представляющие опасность для всего живого в радиусе 1,5 км. Стоимость замены реакторов
обойдётся в 261 млн. фунтов стерлингов.
Представитель Главного штаба ВМФ отметил, что, кроме надёжной защиты ядерных установок, российские
АПЛ имеют резервные источники питания, которые могут осуществлять расхолаживание реактора в случае
аварии.
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Intervista di David Ignatius a Robert Gates, ministro della Difesa Usa. “Dobbiamo essere
consci del fatto che gli esiti di questa crisi non sono predeterminabili e che non è detto che
tutto finisca bene… ci troviamo su un terreno scivoloso e nessuno sa come andrà a finire”:
così il ministro della Difesa Usa Robert Gates ha commentato la situazione in Medio
Oriente, usando le parole di un alto esponente dell’amministrazione che, ormai prossimo
alla pensione, trova piacere nel dire cose vere ma scomode.
Gates underlines the dangers in the Middle East
By David Ignatius
Defense Secretary Bob Gates is running through the standard list of factors that have caused political upheaval across
the Middle East: the youth bulge, unemployment, corruption. I start to ask another question but Gates cuts me off, as if
he wants to underline the dangers and uncertainties of this moment of history.
Gates says the unrest has highlighted “ethnic, sectarian and tribal differences that have been suppressed for years” in
the region, and that as America encourages leaders to accept democratic change, there’s a question “whether more
democratic governance can hold . . . countries together in light of these pressures.” The implication: There’s a risk that
the political map of the modern Middle East may begin to unravel too, with, say, the breakup of Libya.
Then Gates says something policymakers rarely admit in crisis, which is that he doesn’t know how things will turn out: “I
think we should be alert to the fact that outcomes are not predetermined, and that it’s not necessarily the case that
everything has a happy ending. . . . We are in dark territory and nobody knows what the outcome will be.”
Gates’s tone in the interview was sobering. He spoke during what’s likely to be one of his last foreign trips before his
expected retirement this summer, but his comments were anything but triumphal. Instead, they reinforced his role as the
Obama administration’s voice of caution and candor. It was as if he were studying spy-satellite images and couldn’t
discern what they showed.
On the eve of retirement, Gates is a man who takes pleasure in saying things that are true but impolitic. When
legislators were talking about a “no-fly zone” over Libya as if it were a painless remedy, Gates pointedly warned this
would be a military attack. In a recent speech at West Point, he said that any successor who enthused about sending
another American army to the Middle East “should have his head examined.”
Gates began his government career 45 years ago at the CIA, and he retains some of the acerbic skepticism of a good
intelligence analyst. He likes stripping away the sugarcoating that surrounds policy decisions so that his colleagues can
see the real risks and realities.
We spoke on a turbulent day when Gates had been receiving reports of a possible coup against President Ali Abdullah
Saleh in Yemen, increasingly violent protests in Syria, and the controversial military action in Libya. In every direction,
Gates said, you could see shifts in “these tectonic plates in the Middle East [that] have essentially been frozen for close
to 60 years.”
The challenge for the United States, Gates said, is to somehow manage this process of change — which “is coming
regardless of what you do” — in a way that encourages stability. He offered two lessons for leaders facing unrest: first,
“get out ahead of change” by making reforms early; and second, avoid violence, which “usually backfires.” He said that
if Hosni Mubarak had made concessions earlier “he’d probably still be the president of Egypt.”
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One stabilizing factor has been U.S. relationships with local militaries. In Egypt, where such contacts were extensive,
“we could not have been more fortunate in the way things have turned out and, frankly, in the leadership of the military
council,” Gates said. And in Yemen, generals and tribal leaders “tell us they’re very positively inclined toward the United
States.”
As for Libya, Gates said his initial concerns about the no-fly zone were overcome because of Arab support for it: “Had
the Arab League not voted that, there might have been a different outcome, both at the U.N. and our own decision.”
Gates grew up in the Cold War years when the world, however dangerous, had a stability and predictability. “We’ve
never encountered anything like this,” he said of the current Middle East turmoil. He offered a basic rubric for the use of
American power: When facing direct threats to its security, the United States must act “decisively and, if necessary,
unilaterally.” In other cases, such as Libya, where the United States has interests but doesn’t face a direct threat, it
should go to war only with an international coalition.
It’s telling that when Gates was asked by Russian naval students here to name his most significant achievement, he
didn’t mention the wars he is fighting in Afghanistan and Libya but the one he ended, in Iraq. He would doubtless like to
leave his successor a calmer Middle East, where change and stability are interwoven, but as he said, “that’s a tough
act.”
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Le forze aeree statunitensi hanno intenzione d’iniziare oggi un volo di prova di un aereo
sperimentale (l’X-51 WaveRider) che potrebbe raggiungere la velocità di 4mila miglia
all’ora. Il velivolo darebbe al Pentagono la possibilità di sferrare un attacco militare ovunque
nel mondo nell’arco di pochi minuti.
Air Force to retest X-51 WaveRider hypersonic aircraft near Point Mugu
The unmanned X-51 WaveRider is designed to deliver warheads at very high speeds with pinpoint accuracy almost
anywhere on Earth.
By W.J. Hennigan
The U.S. Air Force plans to launch an experimental aircraft Thursday that could potentially reach speeds of 4,000 mph
over the Pacific Ocean in a test flight that could give the Pentagon a new way to deliver a military strike anywhere
around the globe within minutes.
Built in Southern California, the unmanned X-51 WaveRider is being developed to deliver powerful warheads at
tremendously high speeds with pinpoint accuracy almost anywhere on Earth.
Military officials say the need for the technology became clear in 1998 when the U.S. military tried — and failed — to kill
Osama bin Laden. While positioned in the Arabian Sea, Navy vessels lobbed cruise missiles at training camps in
Afghanistan, hitting their targets — 80 minutes later. By then, bin Laden was gone.
But with a hypersonic missile, such as the one being tested on the X-51, "the attack would have been cut to just over 12
minutes," Richard Hallion, a former Air Force senior advisor, said last year in an Air Force Assn. report about
hypersonic technology.
While supersonic means that an object is traveling beyond the speed of sound, or Mach 1, "hypersonic" refers to an
aircraft blasting through the air at five times that speed or more.
Developing an engine that can reach and maintain those speeds hasn't been easy. For decades, the development of
the hypersonic engine has been fraught with setbacks.
But engineers at Boeing Co.'s Phantom Works research center in Huntington Beach and Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne in
Canoga Park proved they were on the right track last May when the X-51 made its first flight from Edwards Air Force
Base.
The 14-foot aircraft was launched midair off the coast near Point Mugu, slung underneath the wing of a B-52 bomber.
The WaveRider detached, falling about four seconds before its booster rocket engine ignited and propelled the aircraft
to more than 70,000 feet. It then separated from the rocket and sped across the sky, powered by an air-breathing
combustion engine, for more than two minutes, reaching about 3,500 mph.
The launch was considered successful because the longest prior hypersonic flight lasted about 10 seconds. But it did
not reach the goals the Air Force had set. The military had hoped the plane would reach around 4,000 mph and fly for
five minutes. It didn't because a design flaw forced a shutdown.
Regardless, the flight was "a big deal" to Pentagon officials, said Charlie Brink, the X-51 program manager for the Air
Force. The X-51 was built under a $250-million contract, but the government has spent millions more trying to achieve
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sustained hypersonic flight.
Initially, NASA led the program, fueling speculation that hypersonic engines could help propel spacecraft into orbit.
Throughout the 1980s, NASA worked to develop a vehicle that could take off from a runway using jet engines until
hypersonic engines kicked in and took it to the edge of space. But the space agency dropped the program because of a
lack of funding.
Seeing potential for aircraft and missile systems, the Air Force picked up research on the X-51, which led to its flight last
year.
"That flight made believers out of skeptics," Brink said. "It allowed us to say, 'If you want to hit objects very quickly and
from long distances, here's an option.' "
At the time of the X-51's first flight, the Pentagon's intentions for it weren't widely known. This month, a senior Air Force
official revealed the aircraft's objective.
"In fiscal year 2012, we will begin weaponizing the X-51 research vehicle," Stephen Walker, the Air Force's deputy
assistant secretary for science, told a congressional panel.
The idea is to quickly deliver a conventional warhead that's capable of striking a terrorist on the run, a stockpile of
chemical weapons or a ballistic missile on its way to being launched.
The X-51 is a forerunner to the military's hopes for a "prompt global strike" system, which can hit anything on Earth in
an hour or less, said John Pike, director of GlobalSecurity.org, a website for military policy research. "They are
designed to go faster and farther than anything that's out there. Technology like this avoids the possibility of getting into
a fair fight" with an enemy.
Cruise missiles, such as the Tomahawks launched in Libya last weekend, travel around 550 mph.
But hypersonic missiles are just the beginning of the X-51's capabilities, said Joe Vogel, an X-51 program manager with
Boeing. He foresees the technology being incorporated into spy drones and cargo planes, and even envisions a future
in which passenger aircraft are powered by hypersonic engines. "There's a lot more than the weapon aspect to this
technology," Vogel said.
A hypersonic jet could fly from Los Angeles to New York in a little more than 30 minutes, he predicted.
"This is one of those evolutionary pieces of technology," Vogel said. "It's the next step forward in advanced propulsion."
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La Turchia ha annunciato che entro giugno aprirà una gara d'appalto internazionale per le
forniture volte a costruire il sistema anti-aereo e anti-missilistico a lungo raggio che il paese
ha in cantiere. Un ufficiale della Difesa turca ha rivelato che Stati Uniti ed Europa stanno
facendo pressione su Ankara affinché non decida di rifornirsi da Cina o Russia.
美欧施压土耳其:防空导弹大单勿采购中国HQ9
据俄罗斯军工新闻网3月22日报道,土耳其国防产品采购部门一位领导人日前透露,有关T-LORAMIDS远程防空/反导系
统采购招标活动的最终决定可能会在今年6月12日土耳其议会选举结束数月后做出,参与竞标的美国和欧洲国家一直在施
加压力,反对安卡拉购买中国或俄罗斯的产品。
俄媒文章提到,土耳其《自由防务新闻》援引国防产品采购部门一位领导人的话报道称,有关远程防空和反导系统采
购招标项目的决定,可能会在6月12日的土耳其议会选举结束和新政府组成之后3-4个月内做出。最近几周的民意调查结
果表明,埃尔多安总理领导的执政党以较大优势领先其他竞争对手,可能会再次负责组建下届政府,但是这并不能排除本
届国防部长会被免职的可能性,从而导致新任防长可能会推迟做出导弹采购项目方面的决定。
俄媒文章提到,目前的主要竞争对手是美国洛克希德-马丁公司和雷神公司在“爱国者”基础上研制的PAC-2和PAC-3、
中国精密机械进出口公司的“红旗-9”(FD-2000的出口型号)、俄罗斯国防出口公司的S-300,以及法国和意大利合资的
欧洲防空导弹集团在“紫菀-30”基础上研制而成的SAMP/T防空导弹系统。一些防务分析师认为,土耳其可能会在2011年
9月公布由两个优选产品入围的小名单,最终决定将由新政府在明年做出。
俄媒文章提到, 根据2010年11月北约里斯本峰会的决定,北约计划在土耳其建设反导系统,部署X波段导弹发射预
警雷达,一旦发现导弹发射,立即动用部署在地中海东部的美国“宙斯盾”战舰的“标准-3”导弹予以拦截。土耳其国家防空
系统负责防范各种空中威胁,包括飞机和弹道导弹在内,不受北约反导系统的制约。不过,两套系统可能会进行一定程度
的协作,因此美国和一些西方国家坚决反对土耳其购买俄罗斯或中国的产品,声称此举会对土耳其防空系统与北约反导系
统的一体化整合方面带来问题。(编译:书山)
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elezione stampa
Internazionale
Giustizia
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Egitto: Riad dice di non fare pressioni per impedire un processo a Mubarak. In un
comunicato ufficiale emesso ieri, l’ambasciatore dell’Arabia Saudita al Cairo, Ahmed
Kattan, ha affermato che il suo paese: “smentisce quanto diffuso sulla stampa e sui mezzi
d’informazione circa pressioni esercitate dall’Arabia Saudita sul Consiglio supremo delle
forze armate (egiziane) al fine di impedire di processare l’ex presidente Hosni Mubarak”. Il
diplomatico ha anche negato che il governo di Riad abbia mai “minacciato di rimpatriare i
lavoratori egiziani nel regno oppure di bloccare gli investimenti sauditi” in Egitto come
mezzo di pressione sul Cairo.
ﻙﺭﺎﺒﻣ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﺤﻣ ﻊﻨﻤﻟ ﻁﻮﻐﺿ ﻻ :ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ
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«ﺕﻻﺎﻛﻭ» :ﺭﺪﺼﻤﻟﺍ
ﻡﺎﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺳ ﻁﻮﻐﺿ ﻦﻋ ﺀﺎﺒﻧﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺮﻴﺧﻷﺍ ﻉﻮﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻪﻟﻭﺍﺪﺗ ﻢﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺔﺤﺻ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻄﻗ ﺪﻤﺣﺃ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﺷ
.ﻙﺭﺎﺒﻣ ﻲﻨﺴﺣ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﺤﻣ ﻊﻨﻤﻟ ﻱﺮﺼﻤﻟﺍ
ﺲﻣﺃ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺔﺨﺴﻧ (ﺃ.ﺏ.ﺩ) ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﻟﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﺒﻧﻷﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﻛﻭ ﺖﻘﻠﺗ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﺖﻟﺎﻗﻭ
ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﻤﻣ ﻦﻋ ﻡﻼﻋﻹﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻭﻭ ﻒﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻟﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﻣ ﻲﻔﻨﻳ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺼﻣ ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﻯﺪﻟ ﻦﻴﻔﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻣﺮﺤﻟﺍ ﻡﺩﺎﺧ ﺮﻴﻔﺳ» ﻥﺇ
ﺔﻟﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺈﺑ ﺕﺩﺪﻫ ﺎﻬﻧﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻙﺭﺎﺒﻣ ﻲﻨﺴﺣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﺤﻣ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺤﻠﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻘﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺲﻠﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻁﻮﻐﻀﻟ
ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻢﻟﻭ ﻼﻴﺼﻔﺗﻭ ﺔﻠﻤﺟ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ» ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻗﻭ .«ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻤﺜﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻒﻗﻭﻭ ﻪﺘﻤﻛﺎﺤﻣ ﻝﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺮﺼﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻳﺮﺼﻤﻟﺍ
.«ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﻳﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ
ﺍﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻥﺎﻛ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺍﺪﻛﺆﻣ ،ﺭﺎﺒﺧﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻬﻟ ﻲﺗﺀﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺮﻌﺷ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ﺔﺑﺫﺎﻛ ﺎﻬﻧﺃ ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻫﻮﻠﻟ ﺮﻌﺸﺗ ﺎﻫﺅﺮﻘﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ»:ﻥﺎﻄﻗ ﻑﺎﺿﺃﻭ
ﻱﺮﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﻠﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻘﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺲﻠﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺭ ﻱﻭﺎﻄﻨﻃ ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﻴﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻱﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺯﻭ ﻞﺼﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻌﺳ ﺮﻴﻣﻷﺍ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻ
.«ﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺐﻳﺮﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺭﻮﻣﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻬﻟ ﻕﺮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻢﻟﻭ ﺔﺤﻠﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻘﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺲﻠﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺭﻮﻀﺤﺑ
ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻲﺿﺭﺎﻌﻣﻭ ﻱﺪﻳﺆﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﺏﻮﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻔﻴﻨﻋ ﺕﺎﻛﺎﺒﺘﺷﺍ ﺲﻣﺃ ،ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻂﺳﻭ ﻲﻓ ،ﻦﻳﺪﺑﺎﻋ ﺢﻨﺟ ﺔﻤﻜﺤﻣ ﺕﺪﻬﺷ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ
.ﺱﺭﺍﺪﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﻥﺍﺯﻮﺳ ﻪﺘﺟﻭﺯﻭ ﻙﺭﺎﺒﻣ ﻢﺳﺍ ﻊﻓﺮﺑ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﺗ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻀﻗ ﻯﻮﻋﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺀﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﻙﺭﺎﺒﻣ ﻲﻨﺴﺣ
ﺕﺎﻄﺤﻣ ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻤﺳﺍ ﺔﻟﺍﺯﺇ ﺾﻓﺮﺗﻭ ﻪﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺕﺎﺘﻓﻻ ﻦﻴﻌﻓﺍﺭ ﺔﻤﻜﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻨﺒﻣ ﻡﺎﻣﺃ ﻙﺭﺎﺒﻣ ﻱﺪﻳﺆﻣ ﻦﻣ 200 ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺣ ﻊﻤﺠﺗ ﺮﻛﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺡﺎﺒﺼﻟﺍ ﺬﻨﻣﻭ
ﻪﻤﻜﺣ ﻦﻴﻨﺳ ﻝﺍﻮﻃ ﻪﻤﺳﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻖﻠﻃﺃ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺱﺭﺍﺪﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺩﺎﻴﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻉﺭﺍﻮﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺘﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻭﺮﺘﻤﻟﺍ
.ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﺭﺪﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﻓﻭ ،ﻦﻴﺛﻼﺜﻟﺍ
ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﻤﻟ ﺍﻭﺮﻀﺣ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻲﺿﺭﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﻣ 300 ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺣ ﻦﻴﺑﻭ ﺀﻻﺆﻫﻭ ﻙﺭﺎﺒﻣ ﺭﺎﺼﻧﺃ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﺏﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻨﻋ ﺕﺎﻛﺎﺒﺘﺷﺍ ﺖﻌﻗﻭﻭ
ﺮﻴﻫﺎﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻤﻟ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﻱﺄﺑ ﻪﺘﺟﻭﺯﻭ ﻪﻤﻳﺮﻜﺗ ﺐﺠﻳ ﻻﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﺳﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻙﺭﺎﺒﻣ» ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺪﻛﺆﻳ ﻥﻮﻨﻃﺍﻮﻣ ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻗﺃ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻟﺍ
.ﻒﻗﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﻄﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻨﻜﻤﺗﻭ ﺶﻴﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻃﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻗ ﺖﻠﺧﺪﺗﻭ .«ﺔﺒﺿﺎﻐﻟﺍ
ﺮﻳﺎﻨﻳ 25 ﺓﺭﻮﺛ ﺀﺍﺪﻬﺸﻟ ﺎﻳﺭﺎﻛﺬﺗ ﺎﺒﺼﻧ ﻢﻀﻳ ﻲﻤﻟﺎﻋ ﻩﺰﻨﺘﻣﻭ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺀﺎﺸﻧﺇ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﻲﻨﺒﺗ ﻦﻋ ﻱﺮﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﺏﺰﺣ ﻦﻠﻋﺃ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ
ﺶﻴﻧﺭﻮﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻢﻛﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺏﺰﺤﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﻣﻷﺍ ﻰﻨﺒﻤﻟ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺣﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻊﻗﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻲﻓ «ﺔﻳﺮﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺪﺣ» ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻖﻠﻄﻳ
.ﺓﺭﻮﺜﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻩﺮﺧﺁ ﻦﻋ ﻕﺮﺣﺃ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻧ
GIUSTIZIA 58

art
Egitto, la legge islamica del taglione applicata nei confronti dei cristiani in Alto Egitto e i
militari al potere al Cairo ringraziano. Un gruppo di ventuno estremisti islamici ha attuato il
codice penale islamico nei confronti di un povero cittadino copto ortodosso di Qena (700
chilometri a sud del Cairo). I fanatici hanno mozzato l'orecchio dell'uomo e incendiato la
sua casa e la sua automobile castigandolo in questo modo per aver avuto rapporti illeciti
con una ragazza. Gli ulema e per primo il muftì d'Egitto (la guida religiosa del paese) lo
sceicco Ali Gomaa, hanno definito il gesto degli estremisti "un crimine secondo tutti i punti
di vista, e la Shariaa (la legge islamica) non c'entra".
ﺮــــﺼﻣ ﺪﻴﻌﺼﺑ ﺀﺍﺮــﻜﻧ ﺔﻤﻳﺮـــــــــﺟ
a cura della Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri - Sistema di informazione per la sicurezza della Repubblica
:ﻱﺭﺍﻮﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﺳﺃ ﻦﻣ ـ ﺎﻨﻗ
ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻢﻬﻓ ﺀﻮﺴﻟ ﺔﺘﻓﻻ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺈﺑ ﻲﺗﺄﻴﻟ ,ﺮﺼﻣ ﺪﻴﻌﺼﺑ ﺎﻨﻗ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﻡﺎﻳﺃ ﺬﻨﻣ ﻪﺗﺪﻬﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺮﻴﻤﻀﻟﺍ ﻪﻟ ﺰﺘﻬﻳ ﻉﻭﺮﻣ ﺙﺩﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻗ ﺔﺑﺎﻴﻧ ﺕﺃﺪﺑ
,(ﺔﻧﺎﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻲﻄﺒﻗ )ﻦﻴﻨﻃﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﺣﺃ ﻦﻴﻓﺮﻄﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺩﺎﺘﻗﺍ ﻦﻴﺣ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ,ﻪﻣﺎﻜﺣﺄﺑ ﻞﻬﺠﻟﺍﻭ ,ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ
ﺔﻘﺸﺑ ﻢﻴﻘﺗ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺔﻌﻤﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺳ ﺓﺎﺘﻓ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻤﺛﺁ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻣﺎﻗﺈﺑ ﻪﻟ ﻢﻬﻣﺎﻬﺗﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻪﻟ ﺎﺑﺎﻘﻋ ,ﻪﺗﺭﺎﻴﺳﻭ ﻪﺘﻘﺷ ﻕﺍﺮﺣﺇﻭ ,ﻪﻴﻧﺫﺃ ﻱﺪﺣﺇ ﻊﻄﻘﺑ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺪﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻗﻹ
.ﻪﻨﻣ ﺎﻬﺗﺮﺟﺄﺘﺳﺍ
ﺀﻮﺳ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺚﻳﺩﺎﺣﻷﺍ ﺕﺮﻳﺎﻄﺗ ﻢﺛ ,ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺪﻘﻋ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﻢﺗﻭ ,ﻱﺮﺘﻣ ﺭﻮﻧﺃ ﻦﻤﻳﺃ ﻦﻃﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻜﻠﻤﻳ ﺔﻘﺷ ﺭﺎﺠﺌﺘﺳﻻ ﻥﺍﻮﺳﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺎﺘﻓ ﻡﻭﺪﻘﺑ ﺕﺃﺪﺑ ﺔﺼﻘﻟﺍ
ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻔﺗﺎﻫ ﺕﺎﻤﻟﺎﻜﻤﺑ ﻲﺿﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﺣﻷﺍ ﻡﻮﻳ ﺮﺠﻓ ﺊﺟﻮﻓ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻻﺇ ,ﺔﻴﻧﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺬﻌﺗ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ,ﺪﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺦﺴﻓ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﻟﺇ ﻪﻌﻓﺩ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ,ﺎﻬﻛﻮﻠﺳ
ﻦﻣ ﻲﻘﺒﺘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺎﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﺎﻬﻠﺧﺍﺪﺑ ﺖﻴﺒﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺫﺎﺨﺗﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻟﺇ ﺏﺎﻫﺬﻟﺍ ﻲﻟﺇ ﻪﻌﻓﺩ ﺎﻤﻣ ,ﺓﺮﺟﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺍﺮﻴﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻌﺘﺷﺈﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺧﻹ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻴﺟ
ﻝﻭﺰﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺐﻠﻄﻳ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻴﻬﻇ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﻓﺮﻄﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﺣﺄﺑ ﺊﺟﻮﻓ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺮﻴﻏ ,ﺀﺎﻨﺛﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﺧﺍﺪﺑ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺓﺮﺟﺄﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺺﺨﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺗﺎﻳﻮﺘﺤﻣ
ﺎﻫﻮﺒﻟﺎﻃ ﻲﺘﺣ ﺖﺗﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻣﻭ ,ﺙﺎﺛﻷﺍ ﻉﺎﺟﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺔﺠﺤﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻀﺣﻹ ﺓﺎﺘﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺍﻮﺒﻠﻃﻭ ,ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺀﺍﺪﺘﻋﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻟ ﻦﻴﻘﻓﺍﺮﻣ ﺔﻧﻭﺎﻌﻤﺑ ﻡﺎﻗﻭ ,ﻉﺭﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻟﺇ
ﺍﻮﻣﺎﻗ ﻢﺛ ,ﻞﻣﺎﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﺗﺎﻳﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺮﻴﺴﻜﺗﻭ ﺔﻘﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻡﻮﺠﻬﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﺼﺨﺷ 21ﻮﺤﻧ ﻡﺎﻗ ,ﻁﻮﻐﺿ ﻦﻣ ﻩﻮﺳﺭﺎﻣ ﺎﻣ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺖﻠﻌﻓ ﺎﻤﻠﻓ ,ﺔﻤﺛﻵﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻑﺍﺮﺘﻋﻻﺎﺑ
.ﻪﺗﺭﺎﻴﺳ ﻕﺍﺮﺣﺇﻭ ,ﻢﻬﺘﻴﺤﺿ ﻥﺫﺃ ﻊﻄﻘﺑ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻌﺑ
,ﺔﻘﺸﻟﺍﻭ ,ﺔﻗﻭﺮﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺺﺤﻔﻟ ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﺒﺧ ﺏﺍﺪﺘﻧﺍﻭ ,ﺓﺎﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻀﺣﺇﻭ ﻂﺒﻀﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﻴﻨﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺮﻘﺻ ﺪﻤﺣﺃ ﺔﺳﺎﺋﺮﺑ ﺎﻨﻗ ﺔﺑﺎﻴﻧ ﺕﺮﻣﺃ ﺪﻗﻭ
.ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻒﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻗﻮﺘﻟ ﻲﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺐﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﻟﺇ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﻮﺤﺗﻭ
ﻞﻜﺑ ﺔﻤﻳﺮﺟ ﻮﻫ ﺙﺪﺣ ﺎﻣ ﻥﺃ ,ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﺘﻔﻣ ﺔﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻀﻓ ﻦﻠﻋﺃ ,ﻢﺛﻵﺍ ﺙﺩﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻌﻓ ﺩﺭ ﻝﻭﺃ ﻲﻓﻭ
ﻖﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻴﻟ ﺫﺇ ,ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻉﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺁ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗﻭ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻴﺴﺟ ﺄﻄﺧ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﺑ ﺀﺍﺪﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺚﻴﺣ ,ﺀﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ,ﺲﻴﻳﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍ
ﺔﻃﻮﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ,ﻖﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﻷﺍ ﺮﻳﺯﻭ ﺭﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻮﺑﺃ ﻱﺪﻤﺣﻷﺍ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﺢﺿﻭﺃ ﻦﻴﺣ ﻲﻓ ,ﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﻢﻬﻀﻌﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺍﻮﺼﺘﻘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ
ﺪﺣ ﻡﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺎﻔﻴﻀﻣ ,ﻂﻘﻓ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺔﻄﻠﺳ ﻦﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺪﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻗﺇ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺯﺎﺠﺣ ﺕﻮﻔﺻ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟﺍ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺢﺿﻭﺃ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ,ﺔﺒﻗﺎﻌﻤﻟﺎﺑ
ﺮﺛﺃ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺹﺎﺼﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻟﺇ ﺍﺮﻴﺸﻣ ,ﺮﺧﺁ ﻥﺫﺃ ﻊﻄﻘﺑ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﺼﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ,ﻂﻘﻓ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ ﻻﺇ ﻥﺫﻷﺍ ﻊﻄﻗ
.ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻟﺍ ﺃﺭﺪﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺒﺸﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﺘﻧﺍ ﺍﺬﻛﻭ ,ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻔﺨﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺑﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺸﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻴﺒﻛ
.ﺔﻴﻔﺋﺎﻃ ﺍﺩﺎﻌﺑﺃ ﻪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻲﻠﻫﺃ ﺙﺩﺎﺣ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ,ﺎﻨﻘﺑ ﻱﺮﻜﺴﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻛﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺐﺋﺎﻧ ﺭﻮﻀﺤﺑ ﻦﻴﻤﺻﺎﺨﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺔﺤﻟﺎﺼﻣ ﺔﺴﻠﺟ ﺕﺪﻘﻋ ﺪﻗﻭ
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Iran: Washington soddisfatta per la nomina Onu di una figura ad hoc per investigare sui
diritti umani in Iran. Il Consiglio dell'Onu per i diritti umani ha approvato ieri una proposta
degli Usa sulla necessità di creare una figura ad hoc che investighi sui diritti umani in Iran,
per la prima volta in un decennio. L'assemblea con sede a Ginevra ha approvato la
risoluzione con 22 voti a favore, sette contrari e 14 astenuti. “E’ un passo importante per il
popolo iraniano”, sono state le parole pronunciate da Mark Toner, portavoce del ministero
degli Esteri Usa. Il testo approvato dà voce alle preoccupazioni per i giri di vite verificatisi in
Iran contro esponenti dell'opposizione e per il ricorso sempre maggiore alla pena di morte,
sollecitando inoltre la Repubblica islamica a cooperare con l'inviato delle Nazioni Unite a
cui verrà affidato quest'incarico.
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻻﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺤﻟ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺭﺮﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺘﺑ ﺐﺣﺮﺗ ﻦﻄﻨﺷﺍﻭ
،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻻﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺭﺮﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻣﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻻﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺲﻠﺠﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺑ ﺲﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟﺍ ﺖﺒﺣﺭ :ﻒﻴﻨﺟ
ﻞﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ" ﻥﺍ ﺮﻧﻮﺗ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ﺔﻴﻛﺮﻴﻣﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺎﺑ ﺙﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻗﻭ ."ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﺐﻌﺸﻠﻟ ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﺓﻮﻄﺧ" ﻞﺜﻤﻳ ﻪﻧﺍ ﺓﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ
.ﻥﻮﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻬﺟﺍﻮﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﻋﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺴﻳ "ﺎﺗﻮﺻ ﻡﺪﻘﻳ ﻮﻬﻓ ،ﻦﻴﻘﺸﻨﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺿﺭﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺳﻻ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﺤﻣ
ﻦﻋ ﺎﺑﺮﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻻﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺭﺮﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺺﻨﻳ ﺍﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺲﻴﻤﺨﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻣﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻻﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺲﻠﺠﻣ ﺭﺪﺻﺍﻭ
ﻦﻣ ﻱﻻ ﺎﻀﻳﺍ ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻢﻟﻭ ﺩﻼﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺭﺮﻘﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﺮﺧﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺠﺘﺑ 2002 ﺬﻨﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﺢﻤﺴﺗ ﻢﻟﻭ .ﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻤﻘﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﺘﺷﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺍ "ﻪﻘﻠﻗ"
.2005 ﺬﻨﻣ ﺩﻼﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻣﻻﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﻦﻳﺭﺮﻘﻤﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻏ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻯﺮﺧﺍ ﻝﻭﺩ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻤﻋﺩﻭ ﺪﻳﻮﺴﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻣﺪﻗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻟ ،ﻒﻴﻨﺟ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺮﻘﻣﻭ ،ﺲﻠﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ 22 ﺖﺗﻮﺻﻭ
ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺗﺄﻳﻭ .ﺖﻳﻮﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻟﻭﺩ 14 ﺖﻌﻨﺘﻣﺍ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻴﺳﻭﺭﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻛﺎﺑﻭ ﺎﺑﻮﻛﻭ ﻦﻴﺼﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﻝﻭﺩ ﻊﺒﺳ ﻩﺪﺿ ﺖﺗﻮﺻ ﻦﻴﺣ ﻲﻓ ،ﺎﻴﺒﻣﻮﻟﻮﻛﻭ ﺎﻤﻨﺑﻭ ﺎﻴﺒﻣﺍﺯ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ
ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻻﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺲﻠﺠﻤﻟ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﻰﻟﻭﻻﺍ ﺓﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﻪﻣﺪﻗﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺪﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻣﻼﻟ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻣﻻﺍ ﺍﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻩﺮﺸﻧ ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺭﺮﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
.ﻙﺭﻮﻳﻮﻴﻧ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻣﺍ ﺲﻴﻟﻭ ﻒﻴﻨﺟ
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Italia, giustizia: nessun colpevole per la morte di Carlo Giuliani. L'uso della violenza contro i
manifestanti di Genova sarebbe stato "pienamente giusitificato"; lo hanno deciso i giudici
del Tribunale Europeo chiamati a dirimere il caso del dimostrante 23enne ucciso da un
carabiniere nel corso del G8 di Genova.
Keine Verantwortung Italiens für Tod von Demonstranten
Der Europäische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte hat Italien von jeder Verantwortung für den Tod eines Demonstranten
beim G-8-Gipfel 2001 in Genua freigesprochen.
Der Europäische Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte hat Italien von jeder Verantwortung für den Tod eines Demonstranten
beim G-8-Gipfel 2001 in Genua freigesprochen. Der Einsatz von Gewalt gegen die Gruppe von Demonstranten sei
"absolut notwendig" gewesen, befanden die Straßburger Richter am Donnerstag. Der junge Polizist, der den tödlichen
Schuss auf den 23-jährigen Carlo Giuliani abgefeuert hatte, habe sich und seine Kollegen in Lebensgefahr geglaubt.
"Der Einsatz eines möglicherweise tödlichen Mittels wie der Schüsse war gerechtfertigt", entschieden die 17 Richter.
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elezione stampa
Internazionale
Economia e finanze
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Intervista a Lorenzo Bini Smaghi, membro del direttivo della Banca centrale europea.“I
paesi devono essere meno liberi di emettere debito”, spiega Bini Smaghi. “Mi sono
espresso a favore di un'agenzia europea indipendente che non emetterebbe eurobond ma
titoli di Stato nazionali ed impedirebbe ad un paese di indebitarsi oltre la cifra convenuta
con gli altri Stati europei. Se ci si vuole impegnare a ridurre i deficit pubblici, servono più
limitazioni per convincere i mercati finanziari”.
"Les pays doivent être moins libres d'émettre de la dette"
La Banque centrale européenne (BCE) a annoncé début mars une "possible" hausse de ses taux dès le 7 avril, compte
tenu du risque inflationniste.
Tandis que les dirigeants européens se réunissent, jeudi 24 et vendredi 25 mars, pour s'accorder sur les futurs
mécanismes anticrise, la décision de la
BCE devra tenir compte des risques pesant sur l'économie européenne, et de la catastrophe au Japon. Membre du
directoire de la BCE chargé des
questions internationales, l'Italien Lorenzo Bini Smaghi participe au vote sur la fixation des taux d'intérêt en zone euro.
La situation au Japon modifie-t-elle votre scénario ?
Nous allons continuer à suivre de près la situation au Japon et en Libye. Mais nous avons une politique de moyen
terme, qui doit tenir compte du
redémarrage de la croissance mondiale et des pressions inflationnistes en cours. Notre taux d'intérêt a été réduit il y a
deux ans pour faire face à la
récession et au risque de déflation.
Même si, dans la zone euro, nous attendons une reprise économique modérée et entourée d'incertitude, nous ne
sommes plus dans un scénario de
risque de déflation. Il faut en tenir compte quand on décide du niveau des taux d'intérêt.
Y a-t-il vraiment un risque de spirale inflationniste ?
Pour l'instant, il n'y a pas d'effet de second tour (transmission aux salaires) et l'inflation est surtout importée. Mais les
taux d'intérêt sont maintenant
plus bas que l'inflation, ce qui pouvait être justifié dans un scénario de risque de déflation. Maintenir des taux si bas,
c'est rendre la politique monétaire
très expansionniste, au risque de créer des distorsions sur les marchés et d'inciter les institutions financières à prendre
des risques excessifs.
De nombreux économistes jugent qu'une hausse des taux dès avril serait une erreur, comme en 2008, quand la BCE
avait dû les
abaisser ensuite.
Il ne faut pas comparer la situation actuelle avec 2008, plutôt avec 2005. A cette époque, la BCE avait commencé à
augmenter les taux après une
longue période de pause. Notre action avait été très critiquée sur le moment par les économistes qui nous jugeaient
trop en avance. Ex post, ils ont
reconnu qu'on avait raison et certains nous ont même reproché d'avoir trop attendu.
Ne craignez-vous pas d'aggraver la situation des pays de la zone euro déjà en difficulté ?
Nous n'avons qu'un seul instrument de taux d'intérêt pour toute la zone euro. Pour les pays en difficulté, les banques
ont toujours accès à des prêts de
la BCE pour des montants illimités. La situation rend plus difficile le retrait des mécanismes exceptionnels de
financement des banques auprès de la
BCE, car celles des pays en difficulté continueront à avoir besoin de cet accès pendant encore un certain temps. Nous
ne pouvons pas discriminer les
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anques en fonction de leur pays. On étudie le moyen de créer des incitations pour que les banques qui n'en sont plus
dépendantes s'affranchissent du
financement illimité de la BCE.
Que pensez-vous du Portugal ?
C'est au Portugal de prendre les décisions nécessaires pour retrouver la confiance des marchés. Il doit décider s'il le
fait seul ou au sein d'un programme
d'aide financière coordonné avec le Fonds monétaire international et l'Europe. D'une façon ou d'une autre, les mesures
budgétaires et structurelles
seront les mêmes.
Les gouvernements en font-ils assez pour résoudre la crise ?
L'Europe ne doit pas se contenter d'annonces. Il faut des mesures concrètes. Notre politique monétaire ne peut pas se
substituer aux mesures qui sont
de la responsabilité des pays membres de l'euro, que ce soit pour recapitaliser des banques, pour réduire les déficits,
relancer la croissance, ou pour
améliorer le marché de l'emploi.
Ces mesures sont nécessaires afin de regagner la confiance des épargnants. Il faut aussi que les nouveaux
mécanismes de sanction soient automatiques
pour que les pays n'aient plus la flexibilité d'augmenter les déficits publics. A la BCE, nous ne sommes pas non plus
satisfaits du fait que l'accès au futur
mécanisme européen de stabilité, qui remplacera en 2013 l'actuel Fonds de soutien (FESF), se fasse à l'unanimité, ce
qui permet à un seul pays de tout
bloquer.
Vous prônez une solution radicale pour réduire la dette des Etats.
Les pays doivent avoir moins de liberté pour émettre de la dette. Je me suis exprimé, à titre personnel, en faveur d'une
agence européenne
indépendante qui lèverait des fonds à la place des Etats. Il ne s'agirait pas d'eurobonds mais de titres d'Etat nationaux
émis par une autorité
indépendante qui empêcherait un pays de s'endetter plus que le montant convenu avec les autres pays européens. Si
on veut s'engager à réduire les
déficits, il faut plus de contraintes pour convaincre les marchés financiers.
Un geste pour la planète : l'impression de cette information est-elle vraiment nécessaire ?
Beaucoup de risques planent sur l'économie mondiale ; y en a-t-il un qui vous inquiète ?
Oui, l'augmentation de l'inflation dans les pays émergents, qui sont la locomotive de la croissance mondiale. Il ne
faudrait pas que leur croissance
ralentisse à cause d'une inflation mal contrôlée. Des pays comme la Chine, avec une inflation à la hausse, ne devraient
pas hésiter à relever leur taux
d'intérêt et laisser apprécier le taux de change, ce qui aiderait aussi à rééquilibrer la croissance mondiale.
Propos recueillis par Cécile Prudhomme et Marie de Vergès
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Intervista al ministro delle Finanze greco, George Papaconstantinou. Il ministro indica che
Atene conta di emettere nel 2012 tra i 25 ed i 27 miliardi di euro di titoli a medio termine.
Papaconstantinou riconosce che il 2013 sarà un anno “critico”, ma si aspetta un “enorme
potenziale di crescita” dalle riforme strutturali.
Massimo Prandi
GEORGES PAPACONSTANTINOU MINISTRE GREC DES FINANCES
« Les Grecs ont bien compris la nécessité des
réformes entreprises. Il n'y a pas de guerre sociale en
Grèce »
La dureté du plan d'austérité ne vous fait-elle pas craindre plus
d'instabilité sociale ?
Les Grecs ont passé une année 2010 très difficile. 2011 le sera aussi.
Il y a des grèves, des manifestations. Mais les Grecs ont compris la
nécessité des réformes entreprises. Pour que la population ne se
retourne pas contre le gouvernement, il faut que, en cours de chemin,
nous ayons des résultats positifs à présenter, notamment en matière
de croissance. Des signaux encourageants apparaissent déjà. Depuis
quatre mois, nos exportations augmentent de 30 à 40 %. Il faut aussi
que les choix difficiles soient faits avec un souci de justice. Je ne crains
pas une explosion sociale. Il n'y a pas de guerre sociale en Grèce.
Les 110 milliards d'euros d'aide internationale vont-ils suffire ?
Ils vont certainement suffire à satisfaire nos besoins financiers en
2011. L'année prochaine, nous aurons besoin de 66 milliards d'euros,
dont 24-25 milliards viendront de l'aide internationale. On devra
collecter le reste sur le marché. Vers la fin de cette année ou courant 2012, nous comptons émettre entre
25 et 27 milliards d'euros de titres à moyen terme et de 13 à 15 milliards de billets du Trésor. Notre
stratégie demeure axée sur trois points : dégager un excédent primaire dès 2012 ; poursuivre les efforts
pour encourager la reprise économique et, bien sûr, appliquer le programme de privatisation et de vente
d'actifs immobiliers de 50 milliards d'euros.
Pensez-vous pouvoir franchir le cap difficile de 2013 ?
C'est un marathon, pas un 100 mètres. Le pire est derrière nous. En 2011, nous aurons encore une
baisse du PIB estimée à 3 %. En 2012, en revanche, nous anticipons une croissance de 1 % à 2 %. L'an
prochain, nous dégagerons un excédent primaire et, en 2013, la croissance sera revenue. Je sais bien
que 2013 sera une année critique. Mais nous aurons réalisé toutes les réformes structurelles et pourrons
compter avec l'énorme potentiel de croissance que ces réformes dégagent.
Que pensent les entreprises ?
Les entrepreneurs sont dans une situation difficile et ils nous le disent. Ils veulent un système fiscal
simplifié et plus juste. Ils attendent de voir si la reprise et la confiance des investisseurs et des
consommateurs reviennent. Or, la confiance est en train de revenir. Nous avons simplifié les démarches
administratives pour créer des entreprises et introduit des aides à la création d'emplois de jeunes. Les
fonds européens et grecs dédiés aux investissements dans les infrastructures vont contribuer à la
relance. Les entreprises étrangères montrent un grand intérêt à investir dans notre pays et à participer au
programme de privatisation des infrastructures aéroportuaires, du gaz naturel et autres. Des opportunités
nouvelles s'ouvrent dans les énergies alternatives, les services et les services financiers. On oublie
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souvent que, avant la crise, la Grèce affichait des croissances de 3 à 4 %. Il n'est pas impossible d'y
revenir.
La consommation plonge et la collecte fiscale est insuffisante...
L'an dernier, avec une chute du PIB de 4,5 %, nous avons accru les recettes fiscales de 6 %. C'est
compliqué, pendant les récessions, de collecter les impôts. On a aussi un problème d'évasion fiscale. En
Grèce, les recettes fiscales rapportées au PIB sont de 4 à 5 % inférieures à la moyenne européenne. Le
plus gros problème était celui de la lenteur de la justice. Si une plainte des services fiscaux n'est jugée
qu'après dix ans, l'incitation à payer est faible. C'est pourquoi nous avons agi d'abord pour accélérer le
fonctionnement de la justice. C'est chose faite. Nous procédons maintenant à la réforme de
l'administration fiscale, victime d'actes de corruption et parfois défaillante. L'étude de l'ONG Transparency
International montre que la corruption a diminué pour la première fois depuis des années. Cela est dû, en
partie, à la récession. Mais les mesures mises en place en 2010 ont aussi joué un rôle positif. Changer
des comportements ne se fait pas d'un jour à l'autre. Les amendes pour fraude fiscale demandées en
2010 ont doublé, à 6-7 milliards d'euros.
Où en êtes-vous dans la maîtrise des dépenses...
Nous avons hérité d'une fonction publique où l'Etat central ne savait pas vraiment ce qui se passait
localement. Nous avons besoin de quelques mois encore pour avoir une idée tout à fait claire des
comptes des administrations locales. En 2010, les entreprises publiques ont fortement diminué leurs
déficits. En janvier, ils ont chuté d'environ 20 %. Nous avons acquis pour la première fois les montants
mensuels des dépenses des hôpitaux et des fonds de pension. Nous avons diminué le nombre des
mairies, passées d'environ 1.000 à un peu plus de 300.
... et des réformes sociales ?
Notre réforme de la sécurité sociale est probablement la plus ambitieuse de l'Union européenne. Plus de
100 professions ont été libéralisées. Quant au marché du travail, son fonctionnement a été rendu plus
flexible. Un secteur très protégé côtoie des PME, très représentées en Grèce, qui jouissent d'une grande
liberté de manoeuvre. Il faut donc plus de souplesse, d'un côté, et plus de garanties pour les salariés, de
l'autre.
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Non era certo una sorpresa, ma l'accordo dell'Unione Europea sull'istituzione di un fondo di
salvataggio permanente ha fatto vacillare i mercati obbligazionari della periferia dell'area
dell'euro. Il rendimento sui titoli irlandesi è salito di un punto percentuale e anche gli
interessi pagati dalla Grecia sono aumentati in seguito all'annuncio dell'introduzione
dell'European Stability Mechanism (Esm) solo a metà del 2013.
Default tops European rescue fund agenda
By David Oakley
It was hardly a surprise – yet the official EU agreement to establish a permanent eurozone rescue fund sent the
peripheral bond markets reeling.
Irish bond yields rocketed a full percentage point at one point on Tuesday and the cost of borrowing for Greece and
Portugal lurched higher on the announcement that the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) will be launched in mid-
2013.
Although the plans for the ESM, which will make investors share the burden of sovereign defaults, have been known
since last October, it concentrated minds in the market that one of the peripheral economies will default.
Gary Jenkins, head of fixed income at Evolution Securities, says: “It is now written down in black and white from the EU
that default is on the agenda. It is also clearly stated that private investors will have to pay up in the event of default.”
Greek, Irish and Portuguese bond yields have been rising sharply since the middle of January on increasing default
fears.
But with the ESM proposals due to be rubber stamped at the EU heads of state summit on Thursday and Friday, the
stakes have risen for many investors. M&G Investments warned it may not buy sovereign peripheral debt because the
ESM has been given preferred creditor status, meaning private investors will get paid last in the event of a default.
AllianceBernstein said it may still buy peripheral debt, but only in return for higher yields as compensation for the risk of
nursing heavy losses should restructuring happen.
Significantly, bonds maturing in three years time – beyond the 2013 handover from the temporary eurozone rescue
fund, the European Financial Stability Facility, which does not make the private sector pay, to the ESM – were hit
hardest.
Irish three-year bond yields jumped 55 basis points to 10.53 per cent – briefly hitting record highs. Portuguese yields
rose 20bp to 7.25 per cent and Greek yields increased 35bp to 16.40 per cent.
The credit default swaps market also increased the chance of an Irish default to 41 per cent over the next five years
compared with 30 per cent only a month ago. Greece saw its probability of default jump to 57 per cent and Portugal
rose to 36 per cent.
Yet, in spite of these leaps in yields, most strategists and investors praised the EU action.
Jacques Cailloux, chief European economist at RBS, says: “This is positive because there is a willingness from
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policymakers to get the market to properly price risk. The idea that there was a free lunch in the eurozone before the
financial crisis was not a good thing. The market should suffer losses if it takes on too much risk.”
Before the financial crisis in August 2007, Greek bond yields, for example, on occasion traded below those of Germany
as the markets saw all eurozone debt as similar in spite of varying strengths of the economies.
The key element of the agreement, hammered out on Monday night, was to give the ESM the firepower to help
countries in need of assistance. It will get €700bn, of which €500bn can be raised as triple A rated debt in the markets
that can be lent on to countries in trouble.
That easily covers the financial needs of the three small peripherals and Spain too, although fears of a Spanish default
have receded sharply in recent weeks because of the determination of its government to introduce reforms.
The ESM will also have the capacity to buy bonds in the primary market through auctions, although only once the
issuing countries have accepted strict bail-out terms where they will have to meet fiscal and growth targets.
Other important decisions include the reduction of interest rates for emergency loans and the addition of collective
action clauses, which will be included in all new eurozone government securities of one-year or more in maturity. These
are designed to help create a more orderly process in the event of a restructuring.
However, strategists warn there are still dangers ahead.
First, Portugal’s government could fall on Wednesday, which may force the country to follow Greece and Ireland and
seek a bailout. This could create more confusion – on the eve of the EU summit.
Second, uncertainty surrounds Ireland and whether Dublin will be able to agree to a deal with Germany over reducing
the cost of its bail-out loans. The Germans and French want the Irish to raise corporation tax in return for a reduction of
1 percentage point in the borrowing costs of emergency loans.
Third, investors are puzzling over what the new collective action clauses, which will be added to bonds issued after the
summer of 2013, will mean. Does it make it better to buy now, without the clauses, or hold off until 2013?
Finally, there is disappointment that policymakers have stopped short of giving the ESM and the EFSF powers to
intervene in the secondary markets, taking these responsibilities from the European Central Bank.
Jean-Claude Trichet, president of the ECB, has been a critic on this point, bemoaning the decision in the European
Parliament this week.
Mr Cailloux says: “This agreement is a step in the right direction, but there is still a long way to go. For a start, it does
not solve the political risks in Greece, Ireland and Portugal. That is, the very real possibility they will not hit their
economic targets, pushing markets to price in an even greater chance of default”.
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Portogallo, crisi economica. Il prezzo dei titoli di Stato portoghesi a 10 anni è salito ieri del
7.90 per cento. L’agenzia Standard & Poor’s ha dequalificato il rating portoghese al livello
BBB. Il presidente dell’Eurogruppo e premier del Lussemburgo, Jean Claude Juncker, ha
riconosciuto che la possibilità che Lisbona chieda il riscatto europeo non si può per il
momento scartare. Juncker ha dichiarato che il Portogallo potrebbe infatti presto aver
bisogno di 75 miliardi di euro.
La crisis del euro - El debate en Europa
La UE urge a Portugal a cumplir el ajuste y evitar un rescate de 75.000 millones
El dimisionario Sócrates insiste en que su país no ha pedido ayuda a sus socios - Alemania logra que se alargue un
año las aportaciones al fondo de estabilidad
ANDREU MISSÉ
Varios líderes europeos recordaron ayer a las autoridades portuguesas que, con independencia del Gobierno que se
forme, deberán cumplir los compromisos asumidos por el país. Tras finalizar la primera jornada de la cumbre europea,
el presidente de la Comisión Europea, José Manuel Durão Barroso, aseguró que el dimisionario primer ministro
portugués, José Sócrates, había dado garantías de que fuera quien fuera el Gobierno que se formara "Portugal
cumpliría sus compromisos" de ajuste fiscal. El presidente del Banco Central Europeo, Jean Claude Trichet, fue muy
contundente al advertir de que "era capital que Portugal confirme las propuestas que han sido aprobadas y convenidas
con la Comisión, el BCE y los líderes europeos".
La crisis financiera que sufre Portugal agravada por la dimisión de Sócrates fue el tema dominante de la cumbre de
jefes de Estado o de Gobierno que empezó ayer en Bruselas. La cumbre alcanzó un acuerdo sobre el Pacto del euro, y
se sumaron seis países (Polonia, Rumanía, Dinamarca, Bulgaria, Letonia y Lituania) al compromiso de consolidación
fiscal y reformas asumidos por los 17 países del euro el pasado día 11.
La canciller alemana también logró sus objetivos al ampliarse a cinco años el plazo de tiempo para efectuar las
aportaciones de capital de 80.000 millones al Mecanismo de Europeo de Estabilidad, (MEDE) que contará con un
capital suscrito de 700.000 millones para que 500.000 sean efectivamente disponibles.
La situación de Portugal se deterioró sustancialmente ayer tras la dimisión del primer ministro. El precio de los bonos a
10 años subió hasta 7,90% y a primeras horas de la madrugada de hoy Standard & Poor's rebajó la calificación de la
deuda en dos peldaños hasta BBB. Ante el cúmulo de noticias negativas y el aumento de la probabilidad del rescate el
presidente del Eurogrupo y primer ministro luxemburgués, Jean Claude Juncker, admitió que no se puede descartar
que Portugal tenga que pedir el rescate. Juncker consideró "apropiada" la cifra de 75.000 millones.
No obstante, Sócrates insistió a su llegada al cónclave en su propósito de evitar el rescate a toda costa. "Estoy aquí",
dijo, "con una sola preocupación que es defender a Portugal, porque alguien tiene que pensar en el país, y también
para defender a la moneda única y al proyecto europeo".
La cuantía del posible de rescate a Portugal fue evaluada ayer por el think tank euroescéptico Open Europe que cifró
entre 60.000 y 70.000 millones el volumen de las posibles ayudas. Raoul Ruparel, analista de este centro de estudios
precisó que "más que un simple rescate sería mejor para Portugal a largo plazo reestructurar su deuda".
Antes del inicio del Consejo Europeo, Sócrates mantuvo un encuentro con la canciller alemana Angela Merkel. La
canciller exhortó a los partidos portugueses que rechazaron el plan de ajuste y dejaron sin oxígeno al Gobierno, a
mantener los esfuerzos de reducción presupuestaria planteados por Sócrates. "Portugal presentó un programa muy
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valiente para los años 2011, 2012 y 2013, que era apropiado". "Lamento profundamente", añadió, que este plan "no
haya podido encontrar una mayoría en el Parlamento" portugués. Merkel insistió en que lo más importante es que
todos los que hablan en nombre de Portugal digan claramente que "se sienten vinculados por los objetivos de este
programa".
La crisis política de Portugal ha puesto al descubierto muchas contradicciones y como se ha aprovechado la crisis
financiera para derribar un Gobierno. Resulta que los dirigentes europeos, con un aplastante dominio de la derecha,
exigen a un Gobierno socialista un duro ajuste. La aplicación del ajuste es rechazado por la oposición conservadora
del país provocando la crisis del Gobierno. Ayer, con el primer ministro ya dimitido, el jefe de la oposición
conservadora, Pedro Passos Coelho, manifestó que esperaba que "Portugal pueda quedar fuera del rescate", cuando
el anterior había señalado que su país precisaría la ayuda exterior.
Varios dirigentes europeos como el primer ministro sueco Fredrik Reinfeldt, o su homólogo holandés, Mark Rutte,
abordaron ya directamente aspectos y condiciones del rescate. "Tenemos la capacidad disponible para ayudar a
Portugal pero es demasiado pronto para decirlo", señaló Reinfeldt. Rutte se declaró "muy preocupado" por la situación
y recordó que toda ayuda estaría condicionada a medidas muy estrictas.
La cumbre de líderes europeos se celebró en un clima de fuerte contestación social. Unos 20.000 manifestantes, en su
mayoría sindicalistas, se concentraron en los aledaños de la sede del Consejo Europeo para expresar su rechazo a los
recortes de derechos sociales que implica el Pacto por el Euro, impulsado por Alemania. John Monks, líder de la
Confederación Europea de Sindicatos (CES) criticó el pacto porque presiona "peligrosamente contra los salarios y los
derechos sociales a la baja". La secretaria general del sindicato socialista, Anne Demelenne, proclamó desde la tribuna
"no estamos aquí contra Europa, sino contra la derecha europea, la de los banqueros y especuladores", a los que se
responsabiliza de haber generado la crisis.
Las críticas sindicales encontraron una rápida respuesta en el presidente del Consejo Europeo, Herman van Rompuy.
"Me tomo muy en serio vuestras preocupaciones, pero lo que estamos haciendo no es desmantelar la protección
social". "Se trata de asegurar que nuestras economías sean lo suficientemente competitivas para crear empleos y
sostener el nivel de vida" de los ciudadanos".
Barroso insistió en que "es indispensable realizar este esfuerzo de reformas estructurales y consolidación
presupuestaria si queremos alcanzar mayores niveles de crecimiento para restaurar la confianza y tener más
inversión".
El primer ministro irlandés, Enda Kenny, anunció que esperaría a conocer los resultados de las pruebas de resistencia
a la banca, a mediados de junio, para renegociar las condiciones del rescate.
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I governi europei cercano ancora una volta di difendere i loro campioni nazionali dalle
scalate di gruppi stranieri. Qualche anno fa la Francia inventò l'espressione "patriottismo
economico" quando PepsiCo cercò di compare Danone. Ora è il turno dell'Italia, dopo il
raid di Lactalis su Parmalat.
Italian industry must look beyond protectionism
By Paul Betts
Spring arrived this week, and as Ella Fitzgerald would have crooned, everybody seems to be doing it. The birds and
bees, educated fleas, even lazy jellyfish are doing it. Europe’s politicians are doing it, too.
But unlike the grand lady of jazz, this is no ballad celebrating springtime canoodling. Quite the opposite. Europe’s
capitals are again trying to resist the advances of foreign groups seeking to take control of their corporate champions.
France invented the term “economic patriotism” when rumours emerged some years ago that PepsiCo was stalking
Danone, the yoghurt maker. Paris has never lived down its claim that yoghurt is a strategic sector alongside nuclear
energy and defence.
Now it is the turn of Italy to come out in a spring rash over the raid on Parmalat, the dairy group, by France’s Lactalis.
After seeing well-known brands fall into French hands, Rome has rushed through rules making it harder for foreigners to
acquire what the Berlusconi government considers strategic companies.
Across the Channel, after Kraft’s takeover of Cadbury, the chocolate maker, the UK seems to be going continental. The
Takeover Panel is proposing rules to give UK companies more protection from hostile bids. It is suggesting that
employees of takeover targets be allowed to express their views.
It shows that although France is regarded as the protectionist champion par excellence, these instincts have always
been alive throughout Europe. The French may be simply suffering from an unfortunate image because of their
penchant for gesticulating and making lots of noise in any big takeover battle.
The Italians complain that France is hoovering up their corporate champions and that there has been no reciprocity for
Italian companies in France. The truth is that many of the Italian groups acquired by the French were up for sale or
agreed to be taken over. This was certainly the case with Bulgari, as well as Banca Nazionale del Lavoro.
A survey published this week by La Stampa, the Turin newspaper, shows that France is more open than many other
European countries to foreign bids and that Italy is by far the least open.
Only 4.1 per cent of Italian companies are controlled by foreigners holding at least half of their capital, according to “The
Global Operations of European Firms”, a study sponsored by the European Commission.
Spain, where an Italian group pulled off one of the biggest takeovers with Enel’s acquisition of Endesa, follows with 4.5
per cent.
Germany, where rules were introduced after Vodafone’s takeover of Mannesmann, follows with 6.3 per cent.
Next is France with 10.3 per cent. But that does not take into account the fact that foreign investors also hold about 50
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per cent of the equity of French CAC 40 blue-chip companies.
Then come the UK with 12.2 per cent, Austria with 12.8 per cent and Hungary with 19.8 per cent.
In Parmalat’s defence, the approach of Lactalis was hostile. Nor has the French company been friendly to minority
shareholders by acquiring a 29 per cent stake to gain effective control of Parmalat without having to make a full bid.
But does that automatically mean the government should intervene?
It looks as if the French group might be prepared to strike a deal with Ferrero, the Italian chocolate maker, to appease
Rome. It depends on what the government considers industrial policy.
If you talk to the French, they will tell you that the role of the state is to give guidance on what it believes are not only
strategic sectors but the technologies of the future.
It is creating and supporting French jobs, such as in the car industry.
In the UK, they will tell you it is about a competitive fiscal environment for companies, leaving them to forge their
destinies. But it is also about protecting domestic jobs, hence the anger over Kraft’s decision to shut Cadbury’s factory.
Italy could learn from both.
As Luca di Montezemolo, Ferrari chairman, puts it, the answer for Italy is not so much adopting protectionist tactics, as
embracing a strategy that enhances the country’s export-led industrial sectors.
Is it not time Mr Berlusconi paid a state visit to China or India, the sort of initiative French and UK leaders use to clinch
big contracts?
Why does a country such as Italy, with its talent in luxury goods and craftsmanship, not have a global luxury group to
match LVMH and PPR in France, or Richemont in Switzerland?
Italian industry needs vision more than patriotism.
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Il gruppo aerospaziale Eads è in trattative esclusive per l'acquisto della compagnia
canadese Vector Aerospace, specializzata nella riparazione e nella manutenzione di
elicotteri militari e civili. Eads sta cercando di espandersi in Nord America dopo aver perso
l'appalto da 35 miliardi di dollari per il rinnovo della flotta di aerei cisterna dell'Aeronautica
Militare degli Stati Uniti, assegnato al concorrente Boeing. Prima della crisi finanziaria
prese in considerazione l'acquisto dell'azienda statunitense Drs Technologies, che fu
invece comprata dall'italiana Finmeccanica.
EADS in talks to take over Vector Aerospace
By Jeremy Lemer
EADS, the European aerospace and defence company, on Thursday said that it was in exclusive talks to purchase
Vector Aerospace, a Canadian company that repairs and maintains civil and military helicopters.
The move comes as EADS is attempting to revive hopes of expanding its footprint in North America through a mix of
organic growth and deals following its loss last month of a $35bn military aircraft contract to Boeing.
EADS has a target to achieve $10bn of US non-airbus sales by 2020 and another goal of rebalancing its revenues more
evenly between cyclical commercial sales and more stable defence work.
Getting bigger in the US is important to EADS because a larger dollar-based manufacturing footprint would help limit the
effect of currency fluctuations on its profits. At present many of its costs are in euros while sales are priced mainly in
dollars.
Vector, which has facilities in Canada, the US and the UK, had net profits of about C$33m on revenues of about
C$545m in 2010. Vector shares jumped as much as 10 per cent on Thursday to about C$11.06, giving it a market
capitalization of about $510m.
EADS shares rose about 2 per cent to €20.25 on Thursday.
EADS said a deal was subject to further negotiations and due diligence and added that there was no certainty that it
would make a binding offer for Vector.
EADS has a cash pile of about €12bn that it could use to make acquisitions. In January, Hans Peter Ring, EADS
finance chief, said the company hoped to start buying later this year, adding that North America remained a high
priority.
Were EADS to buy Vector it would mark the first substantial deal the European company has made in North America
since it purchased PlantCML, which makes emergency call centres and control rooms, in 2008 for about $350m.
Before the financial crisis, EADS indicated it was considering a large defence purchase in the US and it briefly looked at
DRS Technologies (which was ultimately bought by Italy’s Finmeccanica). The downturn put those plans on hold.
In an interview with the FT on Wednesday, before the company confirmed that it was in talks with Vector, Sean
O’Keefe, chief executive of EADS North America, said that the EADS had been doing extensive work to identify deals in
the region.
“There is no question that we are looking at opportunities. We are doing the broader market analysis right now and we
will narrow them carefully and we are beginning the elements of due diligence,” he said.
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Il prezzo delle terre rare cinesi è alle stelle, mentre la qualità esportata ha toccato il
minimo storico. Secondo l'Ufficio Statistiche nel mese di febbraio il prezzo alla tonnellata di
Terre rare ha raggiunto i 100 mila dollari in Cina, 9 volte più alto rispetto all'anno scorso. Di
conseguenza le esportazioni in partenza dal paese hanno toccato un record per scarsità,
che ha provato l'efficienza delle misure adottate dalla Cina per ridurre le esportazioni e allo
stesso tempo l'impatto di tali misure sui prezzi internazionali. La Cina rimane comunque il
più grande esportatore al mondo, a cui fa da specchio il Giappone come primo importatore.
中国稀土出口量降至历史最低 价格一年内飙升9倍
中国经济网北京3月23日讯 (王红娟) 路透社报道说,统计数据显示今年2月份中国稀土金属出口价格平均水平已经突破
10万美元/吨,与一年前相比飚升了9倍之多。
报道中说,与价格飙升形成鲜明对比的是中国稀土出口总量却持续维持在历史最低水平,显示中国限制稀土出口的政策已
经对国际市场产生影响。
稀土是化学元素周期表中15种镧系元素以及与镧系元素密切相关的两个元素——钪(Sc)和钇(Y)共17种元素及其氧化物的
总称。
稀土金属在现代工业中被广泛应用并具有重要价值,在精确制导武器、混合动力汽车、平板显示器及精密电子产品中有广
泛应用。
中国是全球最大的稀土出口国,而日本则是全球最大的稀土金属进口国。去年7月份中国对出口施加限制时稀土平均价格
水平维持在每吨约14405美元的位置,不到一年工夫,中国出口到国际市场上的稀土价格飙升了近9倍。
路透社根据中国海关总署公布的数据显示,在过去几个月里,中国出口的稀土平均价格基本上每个月上涨了1万美元/吨。
从今年初以来,中国出口的稀土价格涨幅尤为惊人,海关数据显示单在2月份一个月中国出口的稀土平均价格就上涨了
34000美元/吨。
截至2月底,中国出口稀土平均价格已高达109036美元/吨。中国出台限制稀土出口政策以后,美国、加拿大和澳大利亚
等国都加大了对境内稀土资源的勘探和开发力度。
尽管本月初日本东北部地区发生了大地震,但是中国对日本的稀土出口似乎并没有受到影响。
海关数据显示,今年2月份中国向日本出口了281吨稀土,价格总额为3890万美元,折算下来每吨高达138406美元。
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Farmaceutica: i gruppi francese Sanofi-Aventis e tedesco Merck rinunciano ad una grande
alleanza nel mercato veterinario, a causa delle limitazioni imposte dalle autorità per la
concorrenza. La fusione avrebbe dovuto dare vita al leader mondiale del settore, dato il
loro volume d'affari di 3,8 miliardi di euro nel 2010, davanti alla firma d'oltreoceano Pfizer.
Articolo ed analisi.
Laurence Bollack
Santé animale : Sanofi-Aventis renonce à marier ses
activités avec celles de Merck
Les deux acteurs invoquent les difficultés posées à leur mariage par les
autorités de la concurrence. Leur rapprochement devait donner naissance
au leader mondial du secteur, avec un chiffre d'affaires combiné de
3,8 milliards d'euros en 2010, devant l'américain Pfizer.
Annoncé il y a un an, le mariage du français Sanofi-Aventis et de
l'américain Merck dans la santé animale ne sera finalement jamais
consommé. Les deux laboratoires ont annoncé hier qu'ils allaient
maintenir leurs activités séparées, invoquant les difficultés à faire
accepter l'union par les autorités de la concurrence. « Les sociétés
cessent leur accord principalement en raison de la complexité
croissante de la mise en oeuvre de la transaction proposée, liée à la
fois à la nature et à la taille des cessions anticipées ainsi qu'à la durée
nécessaire au processus de révision par les autorités de la
concurrence au niveau mondial », expliquent les groupes
pharmaceutiques.
Mais, selon plusieurs observateurs, une mésentente entre les deux
laboratoires n'est pas à exclure, peut-être liée à la faible croissance de
Merial, la branche de produits vétérinaires de Sanofi, dont les ventes
n'ont augmenté l'an dernier que de 2,6 %, 2 fois moins que le marché
et surtout 3 fois moins que celles d'Intervet-Schering-Plough, le pôle
santé animale de Merck.
« Perte de synergies »
Le rapprochement devait donner naissance au leader mondial du
secteur, avec un chiffre d'affaires combiné de 5,5 milliards de dollars
(3,8 milliards d'euros) en 2010, devant l'américain Pfizer, qui a réalisé
3,5 milliards de dollars de ventes l'an dernier. Les doublons étant
importants dans des domaines comme les vaccins pour la volaille, le
chiffre d'affaires à céder avait été estimé à quelque 500 millions de
dollars. Au-delà des avantages liés au rang de numéro un, qui confère
une position de force face à la concurrence et permet de bâtir une
stratégie à long terme, la complémentarité des deux groupes (Merial
étant davantage présent dans les animaux de compagnie et Intervet
dans les animaux de production) devait au final se traduire dans les
résultats.
« Le principal impact est la perte de synergies ; nous les avions
évaluées à 300 millions d'euros », estime Mark Dainty, analyste chez
Citigroup. De son côté, Sanofi et Merck se sont voulus rassurants sur
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ECONOMIA E FINANZE 75

les conséquences financières, précisant que la fin de l'accord
s'effectuait sans pénalités pour l'une ou l'autre partie, chacune
demeurant responsable de ses propres dépenses. L'abandon de la
coentreprise Merial-Intervet peut même se révéler positif, car Merial,
détenu à 100 % par Sanofi depuis septembre 2009, pourra être
consolidé dans les comptes du groupe. Aux yeux du marché, cette
décision risque toutefois de ternir légèrement l'image de Chris Viehbacher, le directeur général de Sanofi,
encore auréolé du succès de l'OPA sur la biotech américaine Genzyme. « Cela jette un peu de discrédit
sur les initiatives du management, après l'échec de BiPar. Or le statut boursier de Sanofi-Aventis est très
dépendant du plan stratégique, avec, en particulier, l'acquisition de Genzyme », observent les analystes
de Natixis. D'ores et déjà, cette décision relance les spéculations sur les opérations à venir dans la santé
animale, les principaux protagonistes cités étant, outre Sanofi et Merck, Bayer et Novartis.
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ECONOMIA E FINANZE 76

elezione stampa
Internazionale
Sviluppo economico
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L’agenzia statale russa per l’energia atomica Rosatom è estremamente interessata alla
collaborazione con le società americane che stanno lavorando allo sviluppo di avanzati e
promettenti reattori, ha comunicato giovedì il direttore di Rosatom Sergei Kirienko: “La
recente entrata in vigore dell’”accordo 123” sulla collaborazione nel settore del nucleare
pacifico ci concede ampie possibilità. Possiamo cooperare ormai non solo nelle forniture di
materie prime, materiali e servizi, ma pure effettuare congiuntamente i rispettivi sviluppi”.
Kirienko ritiene che Russia e Usa debbano avviare la collaborazione per le questioni di
sicurezza, ecologia e smaltimento delle scorie nucleari. L’accordo intergovernativo sulla
cooperazione nucleare, noto come “accordo 123”, è stato firmato a maggio del 2008 da
Kirienko e dall'ex ambasciatore statunitense in Russia William Berns.
Росатом заинтересован в сотрудничестве с американскими разработчиками реакторов
Росатом крайне заинтересован в сотрудничестве с американскими компаниями, разрабатывающими новые и
перспективные реакторы, сообщил в четверг глава госкорпорации Сергей Кириенко
Росатом крайне заинтересован в сотрудничестве с американскими компаниями, разрабатывающими новые и
перспективные реакторы, сообщил в четверг глава госкорпорации Сергей Кириенко.
"С учетом того, что недавно вступило в силу "соглашение 123" о сотрудничестве в области мирного атома, у нас
открываются очень большие возможности. Мы можем сотрудничать не только в поставках сырья, материалов и
услуг, мы можем сотрудничать в совместных разработках, НИОКР, создании новых поколений реакторов. Такое
сотрудничество должно идти и на уровне двух стран, и на уровне компаний. Мы очень заинтересованы в
совместной работе с американскими компаниями, разрабатывающими новые и перспективные реакторы", -
сказал Кириенко на встрече с представителями американского бизнеса и СМИ в посольстве России в
Вашингтоне.
По его словам, Россия и США должны найти пути совместной работы в вопросах обеспечения безопасности,
экологии и работы с отходами.
"Такое сотрудничество может и должно быть основано на той уникальной проделанной работе по вопросам
нераспространения, реализации контракта ВОУ-НОУ и большого опыта, связанного с уменьшением ядерной
угрозы", - отметил глава Росатома.
Межправительственное соглашение о сотрудничестве в области мирного использования ядерной энергетики,
также известное под условным названием "соглашение 123", было подписано 6 мая 2008 года Кириенко и
бывшим послом США в России, ныне заместителем госсекретаря США по политическим вопросам Уильямом
Бернсом.
В феврале замминистра энергетики США, глава Национального управления по ядерной безопасности Томас
Д'Агостино заявил в интервью РИА Новости, что Соединенные Штаты также заинтересованы в диалоге с
Россией по вопросам безопасности АЭС и готовы сотрудничать в разработке реакторов.
"Мы будем работать вместе в области ядерной безопасности, по всем ее аспектам, в разработке реакторов.
Вот, как вы, наверное, знаете, замминистра энергетики США Дэниэл Поунман недавно встречался с Сергеем
Кириенко. Дальнейший диалог будет идти главным образом на уровне профильной рабочей группы
президентской двусторонней комиссии, возглавляемой Кириенко и Поунманом", - сказал Д'Агостино.
Встреча профильной рабочей группы прошла в Вашингтоне накануне, в четверг у Кириенко запланирована
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SVILUPPO ECONOMICO 78

встреча с министром энергетики США Стивеном Чу.
По словам главы Росатома, современный рынок заинтересовался бы совместными разработками РФ и США. Он
также назвал критерии, которые должны применяться к создаваемым реакторам нового поколения.
"Первое - это естественная безопасность. Сегодняшнее поколение реакторов достаточно безопасно, кроме
одной из проблем, на которой столкнулись на Фукусиме: после того как реактор заглушен, нужно некоторое
время отводить избыточное тепло. И если это тепло не будет отведено, то возникнут последствия, которые мы
наблюдаем", - сказал он.
Он отметил, что новое поколение реакторов должно обеспечивать безопасность, даже если у персонала не
будет возможности предпринять адекватные действия, а также в отсутствии электроэнергии, воды и
искусственно подводимых теплоносителей.
Второе требование к реакторам нового поколения - это соблюдение режима нераспространения, то есть
использование природного урана при отсутствии выделения плутония при переработке отработанного топлива.
Третье требование - минимизация количества отходов.
"Этим трем требованиям, на наш взгляд, в большей степени соответствуют реакторы на быстрых нейтронах.
Они могут иметь стабильную активную зону, работать на природном уране и использоваться как выжигатели
отработанного топлива. Не только собственного, но и накопленного топлива тепловых реакторов, то есть
уменьшать общий объем отходов в мире. У нас в России принято решение о том, что говоря о новой
технологической платформе, мы делаем ставку на реакторы на быстрых нейтронах. Здесь открываются
большие возможности для сотрудничества", - сказал Кириенко.
В качестве примера такому сотрудничества он назвал совместную работу РФ и США по сооружению
многофункционального быстрого исследовательского реактора, так как для реализации всех этих проектов
необходимо провести довольно большое количество НИОКР и испытаний.
"Мы приступаем к сооружению нового реактора и предложили нашим американским коллегам принять участие в
создании такого реактора на российской территории. У нас есть большой опыт в этой работе. И в США до 1990
года работал исследовательский реактор на быстрых нейтронах", - сказал Кириенко.
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Gli Stati Uniti hanno annunciato di voler costruire entro il prossimo anno il megacomputer
più veloce del mondo, in grado di superare l'attuale primato cinese nel trattamento di dati.
Nel 2010 Pechino svelò il suo Tianhe-1, il super computer per uso scientifico e militare con
alta velocità nel trattamento delle informazioni. Washington annuncia ora che lancerà il
prossimo anno Titan, il suo ultimo modello in quel campo. Il progetto costerà 100 milioni di
dollari.
美国计划研发新超级计算机 从中国夺回“第一”称号
摘要:中国首台千万亿次超级计算机“天河一号”2010年荣登世界运转速度最快计算机宝座。不过美国媒体3月23日报道称
,美国将在2012年公布名为“巨人(Titan)”的超级计算机,并以更快的运转速度超过中国“天河一号”。 环球网记者李宗
泽报道 中国首台千万亿次超级计算机“天河一号”2010年荣登世界运转速度最快计算机宝座。不过美国媒体3月23日报道称
,美国将在2012年公布名为“巨人(Titan)”的超级计算机,并以更快的运转速度超过中国“天河一号”。
据美国“msnbc”网站3月23日报道,美国新一代“巨人”超级计算机的计算速度可达每秒2万万亿次。这将“轻松打败‘天
河一号’”,“天河一号”现在每秒的运行速度为2500万亿次。
报道称,以人口数量换算,美国“巨人”超级计算机的运行速度可谓极其惊人。首先需要1200亿人参与,每人均需一台
计算器,并花费半个世纪的时间才能完成“巨人”1天内的工作量。据了解,价值1亿美元的“巨人”计算机预计将负责美国能
源部的庞杂计算工作。
报道还称,“巨人”在2012年可能不是唯一展出的超级计算机。美国IBM公司也计划公布名为“红杉(Sequoia)”的超级
计算机,运行速度同样达到每秒2万万亿次。与此同时,中国和日本等国仍将继续研发更为快速的超级计算机。所以,美
国无法保证能将“最快计算机”的称号维持很久。
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Telefonica annuncia ingenti investimenti in Brasile. Il presidente del gruppo Telefonica,
Cesar Alerta, ha annunciato ieri che la compagnia iberica prevede per il periodo compreso
fra il 2011 e il 2014 investimenti per 24,3 miliardi di reali (10 milioni di euro circa) per il
lancio di nuovi prodotti, servizi di telefonia fissa e mobile, banda larga e pay per view.
Telefônica anuncia investimentos de R$ 24,3 bilhões no Brasil
A Telefônica anunciou nesta quarta-feira investimentos de R$ 24,3 bilhões no Brasil entre 2011 e 2014. O anúncio foi
feito pelo presidente mundial do grupo, César Alierta, em reunião com a presidente Dilma Rousseff.
Segundo a empresa, os recursos serão aplicados na modernização e expansão de redes e lançamento de produtos e
serviços em telefonia e banda larga nas tecnologias fixa e móvel e TV por assinatura (incluindo redes de fibras ópticas
domiciliares). O investimento inclui também aquisições de licenças para operação.
Os recursos representam um aumento de R$ 8,3 bilhões (52%) sobre os R$ 16 bilhões aplicados pelo grupo nos
quatro anos anteriores.
De acordo com a Telefônica, desde o início das operações em larga escala no país, em 1998, os investimentos
totalizaram R$ 57,4 bilhões. Com os novos recursos, o aporte chegará a R$ 82 bilhões até 2014.
Também foi anunciado no encontro o início das atividades, em São Paulo, do primeiro centro de inovação da
Telefônica fora da Espanha. Nele, serão desenvolvidas soluções tecnológicas para as operações do grupo em todo o
mundo.
"Estamos investindo fortemente na ampliação de nossos serviços e redes, com o objetivo de cobrir perto de 100% dos
municípios brasileiros com telefonia e internet em banda larga, nas tecnologias fixa ou móvel", disse o presidente
mundial do grupo.
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Due tra le maggiori industrie aeree mondiali, Bombardier ed Embraer, hanno annunciato
accordi separati volti all'espansione nel mercato cinese. L'azienda canadese stringerà
un'alleanza con Commercial Aircraft Corp. of China, o Comac. La compagnia brasiliana,
debutterà in Cina con CSeries da 100-149 posti nel 2013.
Jet Makers Land Chinese Pacts
T wo of the world's biggest jet manufacturers, Bombardier Inc. and Empresa Brasileira de
Aeronautica, T hursday announced separate agreements aimed at helping them take advantage of an
expected rapid rise in demand for aircraft in China.
Canada's Bombardier said it is teaming up with Chinese aircraft maker Commercial Aircraft Corp. of
China Ltd., or Comac, to cross-market their new, separate, single-aisle narrow-body jets in emerging
and mature markets.
Bombardier, the No. 3 plane maker behind Boeing
Co. and Airbus, plans to debut its 100 seat-149 seat
CSeries aircraft in 2013, while Comac is aiming to
put its larger, 168 seat-190-seat C919 narrow-body
into service in 2016.
T he move could help the company secure orders in
the Chinese market, said Scott Rattee, an analyst at
Stonecap Securities Inc. in T oronto.
No definitive agreement with Comac has been signed
yet, a Bombardier spokeswoman said.
"It's the first step to subsequent agreements," she
said.
Meanwhile, a Bombardier rival, Brazil's Empresa
Brasileira de Aeronautica, said it arranged a credit
line of up to $1.5 billion from the financing arm of
China's Agricultural Bank which will help it sell its
jets to the Chinese and international markets.
Earlier this month, Bombardier signed an $8 billion
aircraft-leasing agreement with ICBC Financial
Leasing Co. and ICBC's major shareholder,
Industrial Commercial Bank of China.
China, the world's most populous country, is
reshaping the global aerospace industry's balance of
power. China expects air traffic to grow quickly in
coming years, with plane makers expecting the
country to require thousands of commercial jets in the next two decades. While China has sought to
compete with foreign jet makers, as it is doing with the C919, it also continues to buy lots of foreignmade
planes.
T he country has lined up a heavyweight list of Western partners for its C919, including General
Electric Co., United T echnologies Corp. and Rockwell Collins Inc. T he project is widely seen as a test
run for larger and more advanced jets that might attract overseas buyers.
Bombardier, which has no immediate plans to build larger CSeries planes, doesn't view Comac as a
competitor, the Bombardier spokeswoman said.
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L'Unione europea ha promesso assistenza a quattro stati nella regione del Delta del Niger
per l'attuazione di progetti idrici del valore di 26 miliardi di naira (120 milioni di euro). Lo ha
annunciato Pierre Philippe, consigliere della delegazione dell'Ue in Nigeria, sottolineando
che l'Ue ha finanziato diversi progetti nel paese, ma Abuja non sarà in grado di raggiungere
gli Obiettivi di sviluppo del millennio entro il 2015.
Nigeria: EU to Assist Four States With N26 Billion Water Projects
Chibuzor Emejor
The European Union (EU) has pledged to assist Bayelsa, Delta, Edo and Rivers, four States in the Niger Delta region
with water projects worth N26 billion.
Minister Counsellor, Delegation of the European Union to Nigeria, Pierre Philippe, who stated this on Tuesday at the
2011 World Water Day Celebration in Abuja, noted that since 1999, the EU has financed various water and sanitation
projects totaling over N24 billion, adding that already EU is intervening in the six States of Anambra, Cross River,
Jigawa, Kano, Osun, and Yobe to improve water and sanitation services in the urban and rural areas of these States.
He also pointed out that from the statistics available, Nigeria will not meet the Millennium Development Goals on the
provision of water supply and sanitation by 2015.
Philippe therefore advocated a sound water policy and legal framework to ensure sustainable water and sanitation
services, noting that an enabling legal and regulatory framework in the water sector was required for Nigeria to mitigate
or adapt to challenges associated with urbanisation.
In his keynote address, the Minister of Water Resources, Obadiah Ando reiterated the resolve of his Ministry to ensure
that 75 per cent of Nigerians have access to water by 2015, stating that at least 65 percent of the population should
have access to basic sanitation and hygiene to reduce the current high rate of child mortality in Nigeria.
Ando called on the private sector and other stakeholders to partner with government in the provision of water supply
and sanitation.
The theme for this year's celebration is "Water for Cities: Responding to Urban Challenge", according to the minister, is
to focus attention of the International Community by member States of the United Nations on the impact of the rapid
urban population growth, industrialisation and the need to feed the increasing population brought about by great
demand for water.
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Giovani donne e imprenditori della Comunità dell'Africa orientale beneficeranno di una linea
di credito della Banca mondiale per rafforzare l'accesso ai prestiti bancari nella regione e
favorire il commercio tra gli stati membri. L'approvazione segue una serie di incontri a New
York, tra il segretario generale della Comunità dell'Africa orientale, Alloys Mutabingwa, e
funzionari del Tesoro Usa sui modi per rafforzare l'integrazione economica regionale.
World Bank agrees to more support for EAC integration
By Morris Aron
Youth and women entrepreneurs from the East African Community are set to benefit from a trade finance facility that
will enhance access to bank credit across the region and foster trade between member states.
The approval follows a series of meetings in New York between Mr Alloys Mutabingwa, EAC secretary General in
charge of planning and infrastructure, the World Bank and US Treasury Department officials on the best way to
undertake regional economic integration by identifying key areas that will fast track the process.
The money will go towards unlocking some of the benefits of the Common Market by removing barriers to free
movement of capital across the region, as provided for by the Common Market Protocol.
The initiative, which is part of a $16 million World Bank grant signed in February, is aimed at transforming EAC’s
financial services sector and hastening economic integration.
In addition, the finances will support the creation of a single financial service market in the regional economic block.
While approving the funds, John Murray McIntire, the World Bank representative, said the decision by the bank to
release the money was based on the ‘excellent work’ the EAC was doing in integrating the regional economic bloc and
ironing out issues that will lead to full integration.
Under the EAC Financial Sector Development and Regionalisation (EAC- FSDRP) Project, structures will be put in
place to allow for the development of a regional bond market, as one of the ways to collectively mobilise financial
resources for investing in infrastructure such as railways.
The EAC-FSDRP project is to be implemented in two phases over a nine-year period.
The first phase begins with the World Bank grant approval, while the second phase will run after 2014 for a period of
five years.
Project components
The project has six components, with themes of enhancing financial inclusion, strengthening of market participants,
harmonisation of financial laws and regulations, mutual recognition of supervisory agencies and integration of financial
market infrastructure.
Then there is the development of a regional bond market and capacity building.
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Under the financial inclusion and strengthening market participants, the aim of the project is to influence the
establishment of a single market and the benefits of scale associated with regionalisation to broaden the range of formal
financial services and products available across the member states.
The reforms will be accompanied by common laws and regulations to harmonise banking, accounting, securities
markets, insurance, pensions and investment funds practice across the region. EAC Secretary General Juma
Mwapachu has in the recent past noted that a strong regional financial sector is needed to underpin an effective
common market.
"Through the project, ordinary East Africans stand to gain by trading on a regional stock exchange, as the FSDRP
envisions a single East African Stock Exchange among other benefits," said Ambassador Mwapachu.
"By supporting the development of the regional financial services sector the project benefits EAC’s work towards the
establishment of a monetary union and single currency."
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art
La Banca islamica di Sviluppo ha annunciato un prestito da 16 milioni di dollari per lo
sviluppo dell'Etiopia nei prossimi 10 anni. Parlando al quarto seminario della Comunità di
sviluppo per l'Africa, un responsabile della Banca islamica, Mamoon al Azami, ha
affermato che il prestito sarà utilizzato per accelerare i progetti sociali ed economici nel
paese.
IDB to grant 16 mln USD to Ethiopia
Islamic Development Bank (IDB) said it will grant a 16 million US dollars support to Ethiopia's development endeavor
over the next ten years.
Speaking at the 4th Community Development Workshop for Africa - Eastern Region held here on Monday, IDB
Community Development Specialist, Mamoon al-Azami said the support would be given to speed up social and
economic activities in the country.
He said the bank will also continue its support in the area of capacity building.
Ethiopian Islamic Affairs Supreme Council President, Sheik Ahmedin Abdulahi on his part said the council in
collaboration with IDB has undertaken various development activities including international scholarships to over 300
Ethiopians since the 1990s.
The workshop is aims at building the capacity of Muslims with a view to enabling them contribute share to ongoing
development in the country.
Experience sharing and presentation of research papers is among the agenda of the four-day workshop held under the
theme ‘Implementing Projects and Programs for Development’.
Speaking at the workshop, Middle East Affairs Director with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador Tekleab
Kebede said the participation of all segments of the society in all spheres is vital.
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