3D Analyst – Visualization with ArcGlobe - Esri

3D Analyst – Visualization with
ArcGlobe
Brady Hoak, ESRI DC

3D GIS
• Viewing geospatial data in
3D leads to new insights
• Sometimes you need to
edit your data in 3D
• Some problems can only
be solved in 3D
2D 3D
2D 3D
• It is powerful to share and present your data in 3D
3D

ESRI Solutions for 3D Mapping & Visualization
• Out-of-the-box Desktop, Engine and Server solutions
• Desktop:
– ArcGIS 3D Analyst (ArcGlobe and ArcScene), 3D
Analysis geoprocessing tools in ArcMap
– ArcGIS Explorer (available as Free Download)
– ArcReader
• ArcGIS Engine Solutions
• ArcGIS Server Solution:
– Globe Server
– Allows analysts to publish rich GIS web Services
– No programming required

ArcGIS
Provides a complete system for 3D GIS
Your GIS information in 3D

City planning
Civil engineering
Visualize GIS in 3D
Visualize
Natural resources
Facilities management
Defense / Public
Safety
Providing 3D insight into your information

3D City Visualization – Add a Topographic basemap
Labels
Streets
Buildings
Shaded Relief
Vegetation
Map Template Resource Center – Topographic basemap
http://resources.esri.com/mapTemplates/index.cfm?fa=codeGalleryDetails&scriptID=16701

3D City Visualization – Add Imagery
Sources of imagery - Pictometry
http://www.pictometry.com/home/home.shtml
Imagery from ArcGIS.com
http://resources.esri.com/arcgisonlineservices/index.cfm?fa=compare_image_maps
For managing large amount of data,
ArcGIS Server Image Extension
http://resources.esri.com/arcgisonlineservices/index.cfm?fa=compare_image_maps

3D City Visualization – Add Elevation
Elevation Globes from ArcGIS.com
http://resources.esri.com/arcgisonlineservices/index.cfm?fa=content
Managing elevation information - Terrain Data Set
http://webhelp.esri.com/arcgisdesktop/9.3/index.cfm?TopicName=An_overview_of_terrain_datasets

3D City Visualization – Add Buildings
Extruded Buildings
Textured
Buildings
Building your own multipatch buildings
http://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/multipatch-geometry-type.pdf
Sources of textured buildings - Pictometry
http://www.pictometry.com/home/home.shtml

Data Collection
Types of Data
Elevation Imagery
Models and Multipatches
Topographic
Across Scales
Local Regional
Subsurface
Additional Features
Global

DEMO – Visualization - 3D Virtual City
• 3D Data in ArcGlobe – elevation, imagery, local and
services based data, trees and 3D symbology,
textured buildings
• Sharing via ArcGIS.com as a layer package and as
an animation

Interactive 3D Mapservices
on ArcGIS.com using your
ArcGIS Server
TerraGO 3D GeoPDF
Sharing 3D Information
Share
Video Animations,
screen exports
Layer Packages on
ArcGIS.com
Communicating GIS using 3D

Lyr Package from ArcGlobe - Share at
ArcGIS.com

City planning
Civil
engineering
Manage 3D Information
Manage
Natural
resources
Facilities management
Defense / Public
Safety
Create, Build, and Manage GIS
in 3D

3D Editing
• The 10 editing environment is now available in 3D
- ArcScene
- For localized, precision edits
- ArcGlobe
- For sketching / feature placement globally
• Supports standard editing capabilities
- Feature Templates, Delete, Undo / Redo,
Attribute edits, Relationship classes, etc
• Allows 3D geometry edits
- Create vertical lines
- ‘Classic snapping’ is available
- Move, rotate, scale, and replace feature geometry

DEMO - Managing 3D GIS Data - 3D Editing
• Editing in 3D - Underground Subway Entrances and
Stairways showing template based editing and
feature snapping

NOTE – EXPANDED FROM ORIGINAL TALK
• THIS NEXT SECTION ON 3D BULDING CREATION IS
AN ENHANCED VERSION OF THE PRESENTAION
WITH MANY MORE SLIDES (DIRECTORS CUT)

Overview of Steps for Creating a 3D Building
1. Convert ArcGIS Footprint to Sketchup
2. Research Building Measurements
3. Model building shape in Sketchup
4. Create building textures in GIMP
5. Replace ArcGIS Multipatch Geometry with New Model

Convert ArcGIS Footprint to Sketchup
1. Extrude 2D Footprint to 3D Layer in ArcGlobe
2. Convert to Multipatch
3. Convert to Collada
4. Import Collada into Sketchup

Digitize 2D Footprint in ArcMap using Imagery
• Its highly recommended to use a coordinate system that has the
same units for X, Y, and Z (ie a UTM zone with Z’s in meters)
• Imagery can be used as reference
• Note – In ArcGIS 10, now could also edit in 3D in ArcScene or
ArcGlobe
• For multiple buildings, keep them as separate features in the same
featureclass

Add 2D Polygon to ArcGlobe

Set Symbology to Extrude by a Height in Meters
• Ideally, if you already know the building or number of floors
you could use that as a reasonable approximation

Use ‘Layer to 3D Feature Class‘ Tool
• The output Feature Class should be in a FGB

The Result is a New Multipatch
• This creates a multipatch type of Feature Class,
which is a true volumetric shape

Tip for seeing the new Multipatch if it Isn’t Visible
• Go the layer type view in the ArcGlobe Table of Contents and change
the type for the new multipatch to draped.
• Right click on the multipatch and refresh it – it should now appear.
• It will look just like the extruded polygon.
• Note – we will edit this multipatch later….

Use ‘Multipatch to Collada’ Tool
• The output is a folder containing a kml pointer to a
dae collada model
• Check off Prepend Source Name to make the collada
name easy to understand

About Collada Files (.dae file)
• Collada is the 3D format compatible with Google
Earth and Google Sketchup
• They can be opened, edited , and exported with
Google Sketchup
• Textures can be added to them
• They can replace an existing multipatch within a 3D
Edit session in ArcGlobe
• Many .KMZ files are of 3D buildings that are zipped
containers with a .dae file inside

Open Sketchup 8 and Import the Collada Model
• Use file Import - dae
In Sketchup use File / Import to bring it in.

If you Get an Error, Click Past it

The Result is a new Sketchup Model
• It is actually a single “component “ (a sketchup
concept)
• The faces are colored black by default

Explode The Model and Color the Faces
• Right click the component to select it, and choose
explode so you can edit the faces
• Use the paint bucket tool to color each face white so
you can see them

Research Building Measurements
1. Gather Oblique Imagery, CAD drawings
2. Determine heights of floors, number of floors, roof and first
floor heights
3. Decide on which 3D building block primitive shapes you will
need for the most basic structure

Example – CDC Building in Atlanta in BING
• This is a CDC
building in Atlanta
that we will model
• BING oblique imagery
is used as a guide

Understand our Building Better
• We need to determine the real world size of the building
- We knows the XY footprint already
- Need to know Z height of each section
• We need to understand the 3D shapes that come together
to comprise the shape
- Arches
- Towers
- Tunnels
- Roof Variations
- Ledges
- Overhangs
• Each surface can be a different texture
- Concrete
- Window
- Metal

Understand Building Heights in Relation to Floors
floor-to-floor
height (f)
Entrance lobby
level floor-to-floor
height
Number of
mechanical floors
above ground
(excluding those
on the roof)
Height of
mechanical floors
Office Residential/hotel Mixed-Use
3.9m 3.1m 3.5m
2.0f = 7.8m 1.5f = 4.65m 1.75f = 6.125m
s/20 = One
mechanical
floor every 20
stories
s/30 = One
mechanical floor
every 30 stories
s/25 = One
mechanical floor
every 25 stories
2.0f = 7.8m 1.5f = 4.65m 1.75f = 6.125m
http://www.ctbuh.org/HighRiseInfo/TallestDatabase/Criteria/HeightCalculator/tabid/1007/language/en-US/Default.aspx

Understand Floor Makeup
• Appears to be 10
normal floors,
suspended over
a two story
ground level
floor, with a few
rooftop
structures above

Another Building Example - Look at Oblique
Imagery to See Floor Makeup
• Appears to be 5 normal floors, suspended over an
unusual ground level floor, with substantial rooftop
structures above
5 Floors

Rotate Oblique Imagery to Learn More
• Entry Floor looks to be of
same height compared to
other five floors
• Roof Structure appears to be
about two floors high at
highest point of curve

Research the Building Type and Determine
Heights
For Example
Floor Height – 5 floors - 5 * 3.9
Entry Level – 1 floor – 1 * 3.9 m
Roof Height – 2 floors – 2 * 3.9 m
• In sketchup create “construction lines” (Sketchup
concept) to show height breakpoints

Look at all Sides to Understand Geometry and
Slices to Create in Sketchup

Model building shape in Sketchup
1. Learn how to use Sketchup, especially the strategy of
using components, using construction lines,
extrusion, and inferring. There are many instruction
videos on the sketchup website.
2. Extrude and create building using separate
components using correct heights and distances for
realism
3. Assemble components into the final building

Finished Model – (non textures)

Create building textures
1. View Imagery to determine non-solid surface patterns
2. Color all solid surfaces with the Paint tool
3. Create custom textures for special surfaces in GIMP
4. Position and scale custom textures to faces in
sketchup

Assign Appropriate Solid Colors to All Faces

Identify as few Custom Textures as Needed
• This building example only needs one texture for a green /gray
modern window. It is drawn in GIMP by hand and inferred from
a section of the building photo. This is a preferable method to
photo draping for stylized buildings. Reality is simplified and
cartographically presented. The file size is also smaller.
BING Imagery

The Final Model with a Window Texture
• This building took roughly
3.5 hours to model the
shape, and a half hour to
design the single custom
texture. The modeler was
an intermediate sketchup
user who had made other
buildings in the past.
• This building is distinct
enough to model in detail,
and a city of one million
people might have 20 – 30
such buildings to create.

Final Model Rear View
• BING Image of rear

Replace Multipatch Geometry with New Model
1. Save as Collada File (Sketchup 6 is also supported)
2. Replace multipatch with Collada in an ArcGlobe edit
session

Export the Sketchup Model as a new Collada File
• Use Export / 3D Model to .dae collada format

Start Editing in ArcGlobe
• Start an Edit Session in ArcGlobe and choose the
Multipatch we created earlier to edit
• Click on the Edit Placement Tool …..

Select the Model with the Edit Placement Tool

Choose Replace Model from the Editing Toolbar

Replace the Model
1. Choose the Collada Model .dae file
The centroid of the imported
model is used to position the new
(imported / updated) feature
geometry, so if the user changes
the overall footprint of the model in
SketchUp (eg: they add a new
wing, or a garage) then they will
see the model “jump” or “move”
when the import the new model.
Users will then need to
interactively move the feature to its
correct position.
The “Replace model” action is
undoable within the edit session,
so users can always undo the
import (or not save their edits).

Replace the Model cont.
2. Stop Editing, Save
The textures will disappear…
3. Refresh the model (right
click on layer) and you will
see the textures. All done!

Option – Share on ArcGIS.com as a Layer Package
• Right Click on the Layer
in the Table of Contents
to Share as a Layer
Package on ArcGIS.com
• Others can then find it
on ArcGIS.com,
download it, and use it
in ArcGlobe or ArcGIS
Explorer

Here is Our Layer Package Loaded in another users
ArcGIS Explorer after Finding it on ArcGIS.com

DEMO - Managing 3D GIS Data - 3D Building
• Creating a 3D textured building from scratch using a
footprint and oblique imagery from BING

LIDAR and Terrains

Terrain Dataset
• A Terrain is a multi-resolution surface created from
measurements stored in feature classes
• Typical applications:
- Topographic mapping
- Bathymetric mapping
• Typical data sources:
- Photogrammetric data
- Lidar
- Sonar

Motivating Forces
• Scalability
- Large collections of mass point data (lidar) have been a
problem
• Data integration
- Many organizations are charged with keeping accurate
and up to date topographic/bathymetric surfaces
• Data management
- Terrains offer database oriented solution for managing
source data from which these surfaces are derived

Limitations to Overcome
• TINs have an effective limit of 20 million points
- It’s recommended not to go over 3-5 million
• Updating TINs relative to edits of source data is difficult
- They are disconnected
• Rasters are derivative
- Difficult to update without rebuilding from source data

LAS Data in ArcScene – MT St Helens

What are Terrain Datasets?
• Terrain datasets live inside feature datasets within
the geodatabase
• Identify which feature classes participate and how
they contribute
• Rules specify how features are used to define a
surface

Multi-Resolution Surface Model
Points and Breaklines
Terrain Pyramids
Thinned Point Set
Multi-resolution Multi resolution terrain dataset (TIN structure)
Full Resolution

Implementation – Levels of Detail
• TIN surface generated on-the-fly for given area of
interest and level of detail
• Supports point, multipoint, polyline, and polygon
based features
• Seamless
• Fast
• Scalable

Implementation - Tiling
• Data is structured, internally, into tiles
• Spatial coherence and tiling (point clustering)
• Each tile contains a manageable amount of data
• Facilitates processing large amounts of data
• Z tolerance and vertical indexing
• Measurement update and dirty-areas
• Localized processing

Interactive Surface Analysis
• Interactive surface tools 3D Analyst toolbar in ArcMap

Geoprocessing with Terrains
• Geoprocessing with Terrain Datasets
- Terrain Management toolset
- Creation
- Modification
- Data conversion toolset
- Data loading
- Surface conversions
- Terrain and TIN Surface toolset
- Analysis conducted directly on terrains

Analysis Capabilities for Terrain Datasets
• QA/QC lidar data
• DEM / DSM creation
• Slope
• Aspect
• Contours
• Surface differencing
• Intensity image generation
• Estimating Forest Canopy
• Data area delineation
• Thinning / reducing noise
• Spot interpolation
• Profiling

DEMO - Hydro Enforcement Demo with a Terrain

DEMOS - Visualization of 2D data in 3D
• Extruded polygons by attribute – Court Bankruptcy
Cases
• 3D Surface for 2D Density – Traffic in Virginia

Final Demo - Using our Shared Content with AGX
• My content from today all added back into ArcGIS
Explorer (AGX) from ArcGIS.com
• User content (Everest) from ArcGIS.com

Further Resources
• Please visit the Esri Resource Center for more
information at http://resources.arcgis.com and click
on 3D GIS