USB Complete: Everything You Need to Develop USB ... - PIC Vietnam

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USB Basics Broadcasting. USB provides no way to send a message simultaneously to multiple devices on the bus. The host must send the message to each device individually. If you must have broadcasting ability, use IEEE-1394 or Ethernet. Legacy Hardware. Older (“legacy”) computers and peripherals don’t have USB ports. If you want to connect a legacy peripheral to a USB port, a solution is a converter that translates between USB and the older interface. Several sources have converters for use with peripherals with RS-232, RS-485, and Centronics-type parallel ports. But the converter solution is useful only for peripherals that use conventional protocols supported by the converter’s device driver. For example, most parallel-port converters support communications only with printers. Converters that will work with most devices that have RS-232 interfaces are available, however. If you want to use a USB peripheral with a PC that doesn’t support USB, a solution is to add USB capabilities to the PC. To do so, you’ll need to add USB host-controller hardware and install an operating system that supports USB. The hardware is available on expansion cards that plug into a PCI slot or on a replacement motherboard. The Windows edition must be Windows 98 or later. Hardware that doesn’t meet Windows 98’s minimum requirements will need upgrades that may cost more than a new system. If upgrading the PC to support USB isn’t feasible, you might think a converter would be available to translate a peripheral’s USB interface to the PC’s RS-232, parallel, or other interface. But a converter isn’t normally an option when the PC has the legacy interface. Creating a converter that contains the host-controller hardware and code that normally resides in the PC would cost too much to be practical. Even on new systems, users may occasionally run applications on older operating systems such as MS-DOS. But for the most part, the drivers that Windows applications use to communicate with USB devices are specific to Windows. Without a driver, there’s no way to access a USB peripheral. Although it’s possible to write a USB driver for DOS, few peripheral vendors provide one. An exception is the mouse and keyboard, where a system’s BIOS may include support to ensure that the peripherals are usable any USB Complete 11
Chapter 1 time, including from within DOS, from the BIOS screens that you can view on bootup, and from Windows’ Safe mode. Of course, the problem of supporting legacy hardware and operating systems is diminishing as these systems are replaced. Developer Challenges From the developer’s perspective, the main challenges to USB are the complexity of the programming and for small-scale developers, the need to obtain a Vendor ID. Protocol Complexity. A USB peripheral is an intelligent device that knows how to respond to requests and other events on the bus. Chips vary in how much firmware support they require to perform USB communications. In most cases, to program a USB peripheral, you need to know a fair amount about the USB’s protocols, or rules for exchanging data on the bus. On the PC side, the device driver insulates application programmers from having to know many of the details, but device-driver writers need to be familiar with USB protocols and the driver’s responsibilities. In contrast, some older interfaces can connect to very simple circuits with very basic protocols. For example, the PC’s original parallel printer port is just a series of digital inputs and outputs. You can connect to basic input and output circuits such as relays, switches, and analog-to-digital converters, with no computer intelligence required on the peripheral side. The PC software can monitor and control the individual bits on the ports. With USB, applications can’t just read and write to port addresses, and devices can’t just present a series of inputs and outputs to read and write to directly. To access a USB device, applications must communicate with a class or device driver that in turn communicates with the lower-level USB drivers that manage communications on the bus. The device must implement the protocols that enable the PC to detect, identify, and communicate with the device. Evolving Support in the Operating System. The class drivers included with Windows enable applications to communicate with many devices. Often, you can design your device to use one of the provided drivers. If not, 12 USB Complete
Page 2 and 3: USB Complete Everything You Need to
Page 4 and 5: Introduction xv Contents 1. USB Bas
Page 6 and 7: Interrupt Transfers 72 Availability
Page 8 and 9: Controllers that Interface to Exter
Page 10 and 11: Obtaining a Handle 303 Requesting a
Page 12 and 13: Performance Tips 426 Speed Consider
Page 14 and 15: Wireless Links 530 Cypress Wireless
Page 16 and 17: Introduction Introduction This book
Page 18 and 19: Introduction can help speed up the
Page 20 and 21: Introduction Others I want to thank
Page 22 and 23: USB Basics USB Basics 1 What if you
Page 24 and 25: Table 1-1: Comparison of popular co
Page 26 and 27: USB Basics power supply. In contras
Page 28 and 29: USB Basics large and small blocks o
Page 30 and 31: USB Basics are complete microcontro
Page 34 and 35: USB Basics you may be able to use o
Page 36 and 37: USB 2.0 USB Basics In this book, th
Page 38 and 39: USB Basics common peripherals such
Page 40 and 41: USB Basics multiple hubs in series,
Page 42 and 43: USB Basics data-acquisition unit. A
Page 44 and 45: TEAM FLY USB Basics Just about any
Page 46 and 47: USB Basics may support only low-pow
Page 48 and 49: USB Basics bus. While in the Suspen
Page 50 and 51: USB Basics Because the bus is share
Page 52 and 53: USB Basics Initial Decisions Before
Page 54 and 55: Inside USB Transfers Inside USB Tra
Page 56 and 57: Inside USB Transfers Figure 2-1: At
Page 58 and 59: Inside USB Transfers host with no 1
Page 60 and 61: Inside USB Transfers point addresse
Page 62 and 63: Inside USB Transfers Table 2-1: Eac
Page 64 and 65: Inside USB Transfers All Other Tran
Page 66 and 67: Inside USB Transfers phases. Data s
Page 68 and 69: Inside USB Transfers Table 2-3: The
Page 70 and 71: Inside USB Transfers full-speed dev
Page 72 and 73: Inside USB Transfers only thing a h
Page 74 and 75: Inside USB Transfers Table 2-4: The
Page 76 and 77: Inside USB Transfers A 2.0 hub may
Page 78 and 79: Inside USB Transfers how the CRC is
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A Transfer Type for Every Purpose A
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A Transfer Type for Every Purpose F
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A Transfer Type for Every Purpose s
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A Transfer Type for Every Purpose t
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Availability Structure Data Size A
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TEAM FLY Speed A Transfer Type for
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A Transfer Type for Every Purpose O
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A Transfer Type for Every Purpose A
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A Transfer Type for Every Purpose t
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Data Size Speed A Transfer Type for
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A Transfer Type for Every Purpose c
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A Transfer Type for Every Purpose i
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Enumeration: How the Host Learns ab
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Device_qualifier Descriptor Enumera
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Control Transfers: Structured Reque
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TEAM FLY Control Transfers: Structu
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Sent by: the host. Control Transfer
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Get_Status Control Transfers: Struc
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Set_Feature Control Transfers: Stru
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Get_Descriptor Control Transfers: S
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Get_Configuration Control Transfers
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Get_Interface Control Transfers: St
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Synch_Frame Control Transfers: Stru
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Chip Choices Chip Choices 6 When yo
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The USB Controller Chip Choices A t
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Chip Choices uration register may e
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Chip Choices are available both wit
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Device Requirements Chip Choices In
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Driver Choices Chip Choices The oth
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Chip Choices Figure 6-1: The USB I2
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Chip Choices Table 6-1: USB control
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Chip Choices transaction. The addre
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Chip Choices Table 6-2: Cypress Sem
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Table 6-3: An EZ-USB can run firmwa
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Cypress enCoRe II Chip Choices The
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Controllers that Interface to Exter
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TEAM FLY Chip Choices ware. Some mi
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Chip Choices hardware reset, the ch
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Chip Choices Architecture Both chip
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Table 6-6: Pinout of the FT232BM US
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Figure 6-2: For easy prototyping wi
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Device Classes Device Classes 7 Thi
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Device Classes Table 7-1: These cla
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Defined Classes Audio Device Classe
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Device Classes Figure 7-2: An Audio
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Device Classes bytes, and can provi
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Device Classes Table 7-3: The speci
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Device Classes Windows Support Unde
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Class-specific Requests There are t
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Device Classes Figure 7-5: A commun
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Device Classes Table 7-4: In the in
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Device Classes Table 7-6: A Functio
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Device Classes CSM-2 is DTCP, which
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Device Classes device is upgrading
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Human Interface Device Classes The
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Device Classes host sends a Get_Des
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Device Classes A USB IrDA bridge us
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Device Classes Each media type has
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Device Classes Table 7-8: The CSW c
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Printers Device Classes ATA/ATAPI d
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TEAM FLY Class-specific Requests Th
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Device Classes passes it on to Usbm
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Class-specific Requests There are f
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Device Classes the response, follow
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Device Classes information about in
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Device Classes Figure 7-8: A VideoS
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Device Classes the class’s requir
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Device Classes When using a USB/RS-
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Using a Generic Driver Device Class
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How the Host Communicates How the H
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Options for USB Devices How the Hos
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How the Host Communicates In kernel
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How the Host Communicates Figure 8-
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How the Host Communicates Perhaps b
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Communication Flow How the Host Com
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How the Host Communicates CyUsb.sys
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How the Host Communicates to a USB
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How the Host Communicates For faste
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How the Host Communicates Table 8-1
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Matching a Driver to a Device Match
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Matching a Driver to a Device Figur
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Matching a Driver to a Device Devic
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Matching a Driver to a Device a dev
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Matching a Driver to a Device Table
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TEAM FLY Figure 9-7: The service ke
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[Install.AddReg] HKR,,DevLoader,,*n
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Matching a Driver to a Device [Vers
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Matching a Driver to a Device Desti
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Matching a Driver to a Device which
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Matching a Driver to a Device [LAKE
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Matching a Driver to a Device Table
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Matching a Driver to a Device The I
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Matching a Driver to a Device renam
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Detecting Devices Detecting Devices
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Detecting Devices To use data retur
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Detecting Devices contains a stub f
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Detecting Devices application, the
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Detecting Devices ByRef and ByVal I
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Detecting Devices The DEVICE_NOTIFY
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Visual Basic The function has no re
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Detecting Devices ment contains a h
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This is the function’s declaratio
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This is the code to call the functi
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Detecting Devices next call. But be
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Visual Basic This is the function
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This is the function’s declaratio
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Detecting Devices cate, notify the
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Detecting Devices DeviceNotificatio
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TEAM FLY Detecting Devices When fin
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This is the code for the OnDeviceCh
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Detecting Devices The application c
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Detecting Devices Dim DeviceNameStr
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Human Interface Devices: Using Cont
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Get_Idle Human Interface Devices: U
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Set_Report Human Interface Devices:
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Human Interface Devices: Reports Hu
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Human Interface Devices: Reports Fi
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Human Interface Devices: Reports Th
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Human Interface Devices: Reports Ta
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TEAM FLY Human Interface Devices: R
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Human Interface Devices: Reports an
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0x15 0x00 // Logical Minimum 0x26 0
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Human Interface Devices: Reports As
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Physical Descriptors Human Interfac
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Human Interface Devices: Host Appli
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This is the declaration for the fun
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This is the code for doing an overl
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TEAM FLY Bulk Transfers for Any CPU
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Bulk Transfers for Any CPU Figure 1
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' Registers that relate to serial c
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Bulk Transfers for Any CPU ' Disabl
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Bulk Transfers for Any CPU ' If rea
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process_received_data: return Bulk
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Bulk Transfers for Any CPU Table 14
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Bulk Transfers for Any CPU Table 14
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Bulk Transfers for Any CPU a byte.
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Bulk Transfers for Any CPU The ’2
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FT2232C extensions Bulk Transfers f
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Hubs: the Link between Devices and
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Speed Hubs: the Link between Device
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Port Indicators Hubs: the Link betw
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TEAM FLY Managing Power Managing Po
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Managing Power hub’s connector. I
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Managing Power A high-power device
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Hub Power Managing Power Powering o
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Managing Power Figure 16-3: When a
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Ω μ Managing Power Figure 16-4: T
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Power Management under Windows Mana
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Managing Power work-arounds under W
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Tools Testing and Debugging 17 Test
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Testing and Debugging via USB or an
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Testing and Debugging Figure 17-3:
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Testing and Debugging requests alon
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Testing and Debugging The Chapter 9
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Testing and Debugging must meet add
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Signals and Encoding Signals and En
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Signals and Encoding defined by whe
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Signals and Encoding High-speed Dat
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Signals and Encoding Figure 18-1: I
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Signals and Encoding Bit stuffing c
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Signals and Encoding High speed’s
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Signals and Encoding Frame Number T
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TEAM FLY Purpose. Test the high out
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The Electrical Interface 19 The Ele
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The Electrical Interface Figure 19-
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The Electrical Interface The Circui
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The Electrical Interface alternativ
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The Electrical Interface handle all
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The Electrical Interface more than
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The Electrical Interface GND is the
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The Electrical Interface the height
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The Electrical Interface The USB sp
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Balanced Lines The Electrical Inter
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The Electrical Interface A low-spee
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The Electrical Interface A Wireless
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The Electrical Interface With both
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Dual-role Devices with USB On-The-G
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The OTG Descriptor Dual-role Device
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Index TEAM FLY Page numbers in ital
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Freescale MCF5482 ColdFire, 164 Mic
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WirelessUSB, 530-1, 532, 533 D D2XX
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tools for testing and debugging, 47
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GUIDs (Globally Unique Identifiers)
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support as necessary element for US
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Logical Maximum item, 362, 364-5 Lo
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vs. USB, 3 PCs. See also host compu
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RS-232 interface converters for, 11
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transceivers full-speed, 508-12, 51
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using Windows API functions in appl
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