KINGDOM OF TONGA - SPREP

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Strategic Development Plan 8 2006/07-2008/09 • There is a need for market research to secure international market outlets for local products • There is widespread and growing concern over social problems and the plight of poor and vulnerable groups • There is an expressed need for job training programmes for youth and women and counseling programmes for youth • Policies conducive to foreign investment are needed in order to generate growth in incomes and employment. Looking to the Future, Building on the Past 32
Strategic Development Plan 8 2006/07-2008/09 3 National Development Vision and Goals 3.1 Development Challenges The review of development performance and reforms in chapter 1 showed that Tonga has made substantial long-term economic and social progress, and that in recent years the Government has sought to ensure this continues through improving public sector management, creating an environment conducive to increased investment and employment by the private sector, and investing in education and health. The pace of implementing economic and public sector reforms has been slower than anticipated, economic growth has fluctuated around a low trend rate, and a number of social issues has emerged ― unemployment (especially youth unemployment), inequality in income distribution between households and regions, increasing hardship, rising crime, drug and alcohol abuse and erosion of traditional values and culture. Environmental degradation, including depletion of natural resources, is another issue of concern. All these economic, social and reform issues constitute the set of development challenges facing Government and the country in the medium- to long-term. Community views obtained through the SDP8 consultation process and reported in chapter 2 reinforce the messages coming from the economic and social statistics. Communities in rural Tongatapu and the regions all seek greater incomeearning and employment opportunities in order to reduce hardship, which is the preferred term for poverty in Tonga and is defined as follows: Poverty = Hardship An inadequate level of sustainable human development, manifested by a lack of access to basic services; a lack of opportunities to participate fully in the socio-economic life of the community; and a lack of adequate resources (including cash) to meet the basic needs of the household or customary obligations to the extended family, village community and/or the church. In 2001, 5% of families in Tonga had expenditure levels below a Food Poverty Line of $703 per head per year, and 22% had expenditure levels below a Basic Needs Poverty Line of $1,466 per head per year. 13 Further discussion on the issue of hardship and equity is provided in Chapter 8. Communities regard infrastructure development, particularly in the transport and water sectors, as a major means of improving the quality of life of 13 Asian Development Bank 2003. Hardship and Poverty Status Discussion Paper. Manila, p.19. Looking to the Future, Building on the Past 33
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