Catalogue Education 2013 - gampt

Catalogue 

Education 

Products 

Experiments 

Experimental setups 

Ultrasound in Physics, Medicine and Technique

Dear Ladies and Gentlemen 

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training. 

Our equipment such as the ultrasonic echoscope “GAMPT-Scan” has been in use at 

universities and other educational institutions around the world for many years. Our 

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you new teaching possibilities. 

With our experiments and products, we would like to help the students to learn the 

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application areas like medicine or industry. 

For your convenience, we have put together various experimental sets. Thereby, with 

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combined and supplemented like all our products. 

Your experiences, tips and ideas are always welcome. Only this way we can meet your needs 

and desires even better. 

We hope you enjoy reading and browsing through our new catalogue! 

Yours faithfully 

Dr. Michael Schultz 

Managing Director 

Dr. Grit Oblonczek 

Marketing and Sales Director

Overview 

GAMPT mbH · Hallesche Straße 99F · D-06217 Merseburg · Germany · Fon: +49 - 34 61-2786910 · Fax: +49 - 34 61-278691110 · www.gampt.de 

GAMPT Catalogue 

Experimental sets 2-11 

Set 1 Basics of ultrasound . ................................................ 3 

Set 2 Ultrasound in medicine . ............................................. 4 

Set 3 Ultrasound in material science and engineering . ......................... 5 

Set 4 Shear and surface acoustic waves . ...................................... 6 

�� .................................................. 7 

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Set 7 Doppler sonography . ................................................ 9 

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Set 9 Ultrasonic CT and scanning methods . .................................. 11 

Equipment and materials 12-45 

Pulse echo method . ................................................... 14-27 

cw (continuous wave) . ................................................. 28-35 

Doppler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-41 

Scanning ............................................................ 42-44 

Experiments 46-85 

Physics (PHY01-24) . ................................................... 48-70 

Industry (IND01-09) . .................................................. 71-79 

Medicine (MED01-06) . ................................................. 80-85 

Table of contents . .................................................... 86-87 

1

Products · Sets 

2 

Experimental sets 

We have prepared experimental sets for some topics constituting regular training priorities 

at a large number of technical schools, colleges of higher education or universities. 

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Naturally, the sets can be combined and expanded with other products from our catalogue. 

In this manner it is possible to suit individually the experiments to the particular teaching 

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The set descriptions are structured in: 

Related topics:� �� 

experiments can be carried out and witch theoretic knowledge base is needed therefore. 

Equipment: Here the components and materials of the current set are listed with their 

order numbers. Most of the equipment is also visible in the picture above. 

Experiments:�� 

priority of the current set and which can be realized with it. 

Further possibilities: The suggestions show how the set can be combined with other 

products to execute further experiments. 

Set 1 Basics of ultrasound . ................................................ 3 

Set 2 Ultrasound in medicine . ............................................. 4 

Set 3 Ultrasound in material science and engineering . ......................... 5 

Set 4 Shear and surface acoustic waves . ...................................... 6 

�� .................................................. 7 

�� ............................................. 8 

Set 7 Doppler sonography . ................................................ 9 

�� .............................................. 10 

Set 9 Ultrasonic CT and scanning methods . .................................. 11 

GAMPT mbH · Hallesche Straße 99F · D-06217 Merseburg · Germany · Fon: +49 - 34 61-2786910 · Fax: +49 - 34 61-278691110 · www.gampt.de

Set 1 Basics of ultrasound 

Related topics 

This set permits to carry out experiments on the basic 

physical-technical facts of ultrasound technology and their 

application to medicine, natural sciences and engineering. 

Both the introduction of the basic technical terms of the 

measurement technology of echoscopy as well as the 

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So the signal generation and the signal processing can be 

clearly illustrated with the ultrasonic echoscope GAMPT- 

Scan and its associated software from the transmitted 

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control), probe frequency and coupling, are all elements of 

the experiments. 

The physical properties addressed in the experiments 

particularly include values such as amplitude, frequency 

dependence, sound velocity, acoustic attenuation and 

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The transition to the applications of ultrasound occurs with 

the demonstration of the formation of ultrasonic B-Scans, 

the basics of non-destructive testing and simple industrial 

applications such as the level measurement. 

With additional accessories, the basic physical experiments 

can be supplemented with interesting topics like spectral 

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ultrasonic waves. 

Equipment 

Ultrasonic echoscope GAMPT-Scan 10121 

Ultrasonic probe 1 MHz 10131 

2 Ultrasonic probes 2 MHz 10132 


Test block (transparent) 10201 

Test cylinder set 10207 

Ultrasonic gel 70200 

Experiments 

PHY01 Basics of pulse echo method (A-Scan) 

PHY02 Sound velocity in solids 

PHY06 Frequency dependence of resolution power 

PHY08 Ultrasonic B-Scan 

IND01 Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) 

IND03 Level measurement 

Further possibilities 

Shear wave set – 10218: 

PHY04 Acoustic attenuation in liquids 

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PHY05 Spectral investigations 

Hydrophone set – 10251: 

PHY20 Determination of focus zone 

Acoustic impedance samples – 10208: 

PHY21 �� 

Acoustic impedance samples – 10208, 

Lambda plates – 10209, 

Ultrasonic probe 1 MHz – 10131: 

PHY22 �� 

Tripod set – 10310, 

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Breast phantom – 10221: 

MED02 Ultrasonic imaging at breast phantom 

(mammasonography) 

Eye phantom – 10222: 

MED04 Biometry at the eye phantom 

Order no. SET01 



3


4 

Set 2 Ultrasound in medicine 


This set was designed for the vocational training and 

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at technical colleges and universities. The focus of the topic 

is the application of ultrasound technology in the medical 

diagnostics. 

In the combination of the experiments, great importance 

was attached to a comprehensive transfer of knowledge 

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such as A-scan, B-scan and M-mode are explained in 

additional experiments. 

So physical values and phenomena related to the 

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dependencies of spatial resolution and the basic technical 

parameters of ultrasound equipment. Then the individual 

imaging processes of medical diagnostics are explained 

with selected examples from biometry, echocardiography 

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are solved. 

This provides an understanding of the relationships between 

the physical properties of an ultrasonic wave and the options 

and limitations pertinent to the medical application. 

Equipment 






Heart model 10220 

Breast phantom 10221 

Eye phantom 10222 


Experiments 




MED01 Ultrasonic TM-mode (echocardiography) 





Test cylinder set – 10207: 



PHY21 �� 

Ultrasonic probes 1/2/4 MHz – 10131, 10132, 10134, 


PHY03 Acoustic attenuation in solids 



Set 3 Ultrasound in material science and 

engineering 


A main application area of ultrasound is the non-destructive 

testing (NDT). Here, ultrasound testing has established itself 

as a standard process for the analysis of material defects 

such as cracks, cavities, gas bubbles and inhomogeneities 

in a wide variety of materials such as metals, plastics or 

composites. A variety of methods have been developed, 

which can satisfy the particular testing tasks. 

With this experimental set some of the most frequently used 

test methods in ultrasound testing, such as pulse echo and 

sound transmission methods, angle beam testing and the 

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samples. 

Based on the knowledge of the physical properties of 

ultrasonic waves (e.g. sound velocity, acoustic attenuation, 

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adjustment of ultrasound test units such as the preparation 

of an DGS diagram (distance gain size) or the calibration 

of an angle beam probe can be carried out using special 

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quantitative measurements are carried out, such as the 

determination of crack depths in aluminium samples. 

By extending the set with additional material samples and 

accessories from our product range, the experiments can 

also be extended to more specialised test procedures using 

shear and surface acoustic waves or guided waves (Lamb 

waves). 

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option of a clear introduction of the students to the problems 

of ultrasound testing and are therefore interesting for 

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Equipment 


2 ultrasonic probes 2 MHz 10132 


Angle beam wedge 17° 10233 


Transceiver delay line (TOFD) 10237 


Test block for angle beam probe 10240 

Crack depth test block 10241 


Experiments 





IND06 Angle beam testing 

IND07 Crack depth determination (TOFD) 


Shear wave set – 10218: 


Discontinuity test block – 10242: 

IND08 Detection of discontinuities 


PHY21 �� 




5


6 

Set 4 Shear and surface acoustic waves 


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measurement), only the longitudinal propagation of the 

ultrasonic waves is important. However, especially in solids, 

ultrasonic waves can also propagate in the form of shear 

and surface acoustic waves (SAW). These wave modes, their 

propagation properties and their dependence on elastic 

material properties enable a variety of new methods in 

materials testing (aircraft construction), signal processing 

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This set permits experiments to demonstrate the mode 

conversion of ultrasonic waves at boundaries between 

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can also be used to determine the sound velocity of shear 

and surface acoustic waves (Rayleigh and Lamb waves) in 

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as the elastic and shear modulus. 

Likewise the dispersion of ultrasonic waves (frequency 

dependence of the sound velocity) can be demonstrated 

with this set by means of the propagation of Lamb waves on 

thin glass plates. 

As an application of surface waves in the non-destructive 

testing (NDT), a crack depth test can be carried out on an 

aluminium sample using Rayleigh waves. 

Equipment 




Shear wave set 10218 

2 Rayleigh wave attachments 10231 

Rayleigh wave test block 10232 

Lamb wave set 10300 

Hydrophone 10250 


Experiments 


PHY07 Shear waves in solids 

PHY23 Dispersion of ultrasonic waves (Lamb waves) 

IND02 Detection of cracks with Rayleigh waves 


Test block (transparent) – 10201: 





�� 


Hydrophone support plate and support – 10252, 60123: 



PHY21 �� 



Set 5 �� 


The equipment and materials in this set enable experiments 

for introduction in acousto-optics as well as the use of 

continuously emitted ultrasonic waves (cw – continuous 

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laser light. 

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frequencies can be generated in a water bath. The 

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whose grating constant depends on the wavelength of the 

ultrasound. When parallel laser light passes through, it is 

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as well as red and green laser light, the dependence of the 

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optical wavelength can be shown. If divergent laser light is 

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between travelling and standing ultrasonic waves can be 

demonstrated. 

By adding a photodiode receiver, the set can be extended 

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primarily in concentration measurements. 

Equipment 

cw generator SC500 20100 

Debye-Sears set 20200 

Laser module (green) 20211 

AOM sample reservoir 20225 

Cover for AOM sample reservoir 20223 

Projection lens 20230 

Acoustic absorber 20227 

Experiments 

PHY11 �� 

PHY12 Projection of standing waves 




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Photodiode receiver – 20303: 

IND04 Concentration measurement with resonance cell 

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2 photodiode receivers – 20303, 

Beam splitter – 20301: 

PHY17 Acousto-optical modulation at standing waves 

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Photodiode receiver – 20303, 

Beam splitter – 20301: 

PHY18 Acousto-optical modulation at travelling waves 

Hydrophone set – 10251: 

PHY19 Phase and group velocity 


7


8 

Set 6 �� 


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of measuring devices in industry as well as in medicine. 

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sounds of foetuses. 

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and software for signal recording and signal processing. 

Herewith the essential dependencies of the Doppler 

frequency shift on transmit frequency, angle of incidence 

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contained in the circuit enable experiments in terms of 

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equation and the law of Hagen-Poiseuille. The Measurement 

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and the measurement of the pressure drops is done using 

the standpipes. 

By adding the Doppler probe and the arm phantom, 

experiments in relation to the Doppler sonography (i.e. 

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carried out. 

Equipment 

Ultrasonic pulse Doppler FlowDop 50100 




Centrifugal pump MultiFlow 50130 

�� 50140 

Standpipes 50150 

Flow measuring set 50201 


Experiments 

PHY13 �� 

PHY15 Fluid mechanics 


Ultrasonic Doppler probe – 50135, 

Arm phantom – 50160: 

MED03 Basics of Doppler sonography 

MED05 Vascular ultrasound (angiology) 

Double reservoir – 50170: 

IND05 �� 



Set 7 Doppler sonography 


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This set helps to demonstrate the fundamental physical 

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ultrasonic pulse Doppler and the associated software, the 

signal recording and signal processing can be shown up 

to the colour-coded Doppler frequency spectrum used for 

medical diagnostic purposes. 

With a realistic arm phantom and a microcontroller- 

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= continuous, arterial = pulsating) can be adjusted and 

measured. The stenosis built into the arm phantom can be 

detected and characterised using the Doppler. Based on the 

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and the air chamber function. 

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measurements of the occlusion pressure for the 

characterisation of peripheral arterial occlusive diseases 

can be demonstrated. 

Equipment 



�� 50112 


Ultrasonic Doppler probe 50135 

Arm phantom 50160 


Experiments 

PHY13 �� 






Flow measuring set – 50201: 

PHY13 �� 

Standpipes – 50150, 



Double reservoir – 50170, 


IND05 �� 

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MED06 Peripheral Doppler blood pressure measurement 


9


Set 8 �� 


This set was assembled for some demanding experiments 

addressing the interactions between a mechanical wave and 

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optical modulation, AOM). The experiments promote the 

knowledge and understanding of the propagation properties 

of both mechanical and electromagnetic waves. 

It is shown that changes in density due to the compression 

and dilatation of an ultrasonic wave cause a change in 

the refractive index of the medium. The resulting grating 

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modulation and the wavelength change of laser light are 

demonstrated. 

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determined by means of the variation in the interference 

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(resonance cell). 

Using a photodiode, the amplitude modulation and the 

phase shift of laser light at a standing wave can be shown 

and recorded with an oscilloscope. The frequency change 

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and allows the calculation of the sound velocity in the 

medium. 

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is demonstrated using an acoustic absorber that prevents 

the formation of standing ultrasonic waves in the sample 

reservoir. 

On the travelling ultrasonic wave, a frequency shift can be 

measured in the laser light that results from the Doppler 

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another. The resulting beats are displayed and measured 

with the oscilloscope. 

10 

This experimental set is suitable for the demonstration of the 

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as well as for the performing of interesting experiments in 

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Equipment 



2 photodiode receivers 20303 

�� 20302 

Beam splitter 20301 


Experiments 

PHY11 �� 



IND04 Concentration measurement with resonance 

cell 


Laser module (green) - 20211: 

PHY11 �� 

Laser module (green) - 20211, 

Projection lens - 20230: 




Set 9 Ultrasonic CT and scanning methods 


This set can be used to carry out comprehensive and 

understandable experiments on special measurement 

procedures using ultrasound. The focus is on the transfer 

of knowledge about the structure and function of computer 

tomography measurement systems. Tomography, known 

from its use in medical radiography, is based on damping 

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regardless of the used type of measurement signal (X-ray, 

magnetic resonance, ultrasound, etc.). The formation of a 

CT image is explained and demonstrated step by step using 

the example of ultrasonic tomography in the experiment 

(PHY09). By using ultrasound as measurement signal, 

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attenuation tomogram and the sound velocity tomogram 

of the test object. Own examination objects can also be 

scanned. This provides an opportunity for an interesting 

laboratory setup. 

The set is also outstandingly well-suited for the scanning 

of arbitrary test objects. So cross-sections (B-scans) of 

medical objects such as the breast phantom can be shown 

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test blocks from non-destructive testing. The scan images 

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the measurement parameters can be adapted to the 

corresponding examination objects. 

To deepen knowledge of ultrasound measurement 

technology, e.g. when training medical technologists, the 

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such as beam width, focus zone, intensity distribution and 

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of the properties of complex interference patterns within the 

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for improving the image quality in medical diagnostics. 



The set includes a variety of topics with the result that it can 

be used to carry out demanding experiments in nearly all 

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Equipment 


CT scanner 60100 

CT control unit 60110 

CT reservoir 60120 

CT sample 60121 





Hydrophone support 60123 


Experiments 


PHY09 Ultrasonic computer tomography (CT) 

PHY10 �� 

PHY16 Mechanical scan methods 



Breast phantom – 10221: 




11


Equipment and materials 

12 

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�� pulse echo method (echoscopy), continuous 

wave, Doppler and scanning. 

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experiments. 

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number), which can be ordered separately as spare parts. 

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��www.gampt.de. 

Pulse echo method 14-27 

Ultrasonic echoscope GAMPT-Scan . .......................................... 14 

Ultrasonic probe 1 MHz . .................................................. 16 



Hydrophone . ........................................................... 17 

Test block (transparent) . .................................................. 18 

Test block (black) ......................................................... 18 

Test cylinder set . ........................................................ 19 

�� ........................................................... 19 

�� ............................................ 20 

�� ........................................ 20 

�� ............................................. 20 

�� .................................................... 21 

�� ................................................... 21 

Test block for angle beam probe . ............................................ 21 

Angle beam wedge . ...................................................... 22 

Crack depth test block . .................................................... 22 

Discontinuity test block . .................................................. 22 

�� ............................................... 23 

Acoustic impedance samples . .............................................. 23 

�� ................................................. 23 

Hydrophone set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

�� ........................................................... 24 

�� .................................................... 25 

Lambda plates ........................................................... 25 

Transit time pipe ......................................................... 25 

Breast phantom . ........................................................ 26 

Eye phantom ............................................................ 26 

Heart model . ........................................................... 26 

Tripod set ............................................................... 27 

�� ......................................................... 27 

Adapter BNC/LEMO for GAMPT-Scan . ......................................... 27 

cw (continuous wave) 28-35 

cw generator SC500 . ......................................................28 

Debye-Sears set ..........................................................29 

Multifrequency probe . ....................................................29 

Laser module (red) . ......................................................30 



Laser module (green) . ....................................................30 

Adapter BNC/LEMO for SC500 . ..............................................30 

�� .....................................................31 

�� .............................................31 

Projection lens . .........................................................31 

AOM probe adjustment . ...................................................32 

Acoustic absorber . .......................................................32 

Beam splitter ............................................................33 

�� ......................................................33 

�� ......................................................33 

Thermoacoustic sensor . ...................................................34 

�� ......................................................34 

Stirrer for SC500 . ........................................................35 

Adapter LEMO/BNC for hydrophone . .........................................35 

Doppler 36-41 

Ultrasonic pulse Doppler FlowDop . ..........................................36 

Doppler prism ...........................................................37 

Flow measuring set . ......................................................37 

Standpipes ..............................................................38 

Centrifugal pump MultiFlow . ..............................................38 

�� .........................................................39 

Flexible tubes set . .......................................................39 

�� ............................................................39 

Arm phantom . ..........................................................40 

�� .......................................................40 

Ultrasonic Doppler probe . .................................................41 

Scanning 42-44 

CT scanner ..............................................................42 

CT control unit . .........................................................43 

�� .............................................................44 

CT sample . .............................................................44 

Hydrophone support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 

Ultrasonic gel . ..........................................................45 


13

Equipment and materials • Pulse echo method 

Ultrasonic echoscope GAMPT-Scan 

The GAMPT-Scan�� 

unit for connection to a PC or an oscilloscope. The supplied 

measurement software AScan (Windows XP/7) enables an 

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B-scan, M-mode, spectrum analysis). The ultrasonic probes 

are connected by robust snap-in plugs. The probe frequency 

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ultrasonic signal can be adjusted to nearly any test object. 

The loss of intensity of the ultrasonic signal from deeper 

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control). Parameter such as threshold, start point, wide 

or slope can be chosen freely. The most important signals 

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at BNC sockets. 

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a wide assortment of ultrasonic probes (1 MHz, 2 MHz 

and 4 MHz). The spectrum of subjects ranges from the 

physical basics of ultrasound up to medical and industrial 

applications. In connection with the scanner system (order 

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ultrasonic imaging methods can be realised. Normally USB 

ist used to connect the GAMPT-Scan to the PC or notebook. 

Technical data 

• Dimensions: 225 mm x 170 mm x 315 mm 

• Frequency: 1-5 MHz 

• PC connection: USB 

• �� 

• Transmission signal: 10-300 Volt 

• �� 

• Gain: 0-35 dB 

• TGC: 0-30 dB, threshold, wide (width), slope, start 

• Outputs: TGC, trigger, TGC, RF signal, A-Scan (LF) 

• 

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14 

Order no. 10121 


Software 

The supplied software AScan� �� 

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connected using the USB interface. 

After the programm initialisation the measuring system 

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connected probes are recognised due to a hardware coding 

in the probe plug and appropriate parameters are set up. 

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and displayed on the measurement screen. The current 

measured amplitudes are displayed as time signal and are 

updated permanently. One can choose whether the HF 

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measuring marks. A freeze� �� 

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(FFT) and the cepstral analysis, the illustration of twodimensional 

ultrasonic cross-sections (B-scan) or the time 

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Experiments 


PHY02� �� 



PHY05� �� 


PHY07� �� 



PHY10� �� 



PHY21� �� 

PHY22� �� 

PHY23� �� 

IND01� �� 

IND02� �� 

IND03� �� 




IND09� �� 





Additional part 

��GAMPT-Scan units 

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Adapter parallel to USB for GAMPT-Scan 10260 



15


Ultrasonic probe 1 MHz 

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intensity and short sound pulses. It makes them particularly 

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metal housing and are cast on the sound surface with a 

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special plug for connection to the GAMPT-Scan or with a BNC 

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materials and for the generation of Rayleigh and shear 

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Technical data: 

• Frequency: 1 MHz 

• Dimensions: length = 70 mm, diameter = 27 mm 

• Cable length: about 1 m 

• Sound adaptation to water/acrylic 

• �� 

GAMPT-Scan�� 

Experiments 


PHY02 �� 



PHY07 �� 


At a frequency of 2 MHz, these probes are suitable for a wide 

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axial and lateral resolution is clearly higher than that of 1 

MHz probes. On the other hand the attenuation of 2 MHz 

sound in most materials is not yet too large, so areas under 

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objects and as ultrasound Doppler probes. 

Technical data: 





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16 


Order no. 10141 (BNC) 

• Order no. 10132 

Experiments 

PHY02 �� 



PHY05 �� 



PHY10 �� 

PHY13 �� 







PHY22 �� 

PHY23 �� 

IND02 �� 




PHY21 �� 

PHY22 �� 

PHY23 �� 

IND01 �� 

IND03 �� 

IND05 �� 




IND09 �� 



The 4 MHz probes are distinguished by an extreme short 

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structures. 






• �� 


Experiments 




Hydrophone 

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characteristic of an ultrasonic probe. The amplitude 

modulation along the central axis of a sound probe can 

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The hydrophone is suitable for a frequency range from 1 to 

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of the GAMPT-Scan. In the simplest case, measurements 

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using the CT scanner. A suitable holder for the hydrophone 

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• Frequency range: 1-5 MHz 

• Dimensions: length = 125 mm, width = 24 mm 

• �� 


Experiments 

PHY10 �� 

PHY19 �� 


PHY23 �� 






17


Test block (transparent) 

The transparent test block of homogeneous acrylic is 

�� 

is a material with medium acoustic damping, therefore 

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depths, a large defect (acoustic shadow) and a double 

defect (resolution power). This allows basic knowledge to 

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frequencies. 



• Material: acrylic, transparent 

• �� 

• Density: 1.2 g/cm³ 

Defects: 11 

• Order no. 10201 

Experiments 





IND01 �� 

Test block (black) 

This test block of black, opaque acrylic is intended for an 

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focuses on searching for defects in unknown test objects. 

The test block can be scanned from all sides and the number 

and position of defects determined. In further experiments, 

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strategies for the complete localisation of all defects. All 

experiments, for which the transparent test block is required 

can also be carried out with the black test block. The acoustic 

properties and arrangement of defects correspond to those 

of the transparent test block. 



• Material: acrylic, black 

• �� 


• Defects: 11 

Experiments 





IND01 �� 

18 



Test cylinder set 

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allows a detailed discussion of error. The determination 

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ultrasound frequencies teaches the basic relations of 

ultrasonic absorption in solids. 


• Dimensions: diameter = 40 mm, length = 40 mm, 80 mm 

and 120 mm 

• Material: acrylic, transparent 

• �� 


Experiments 

PHY02 �� 


PHY22 �� 

Shear wave set 

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angle-dependent manner. The measurement is carried 

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in the longitudinal direction and has an angle scale. From 

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the elastic constants of the material can be determined. 

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With the aluminium sample, this experimental set up is 

also suitable for determining the attenuation of ultrasound 

in liquids (water, glycerin, oil etc.) due to its adjustable 

sample plate. 


• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Sample holder with angle scale 0-360° (5° graduation) 

Sample material 1: acrylic (transparent) 

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Sample material 2: aluminium 

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2 probe supports of acrylic (black) 

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Experiments 


PHY07 �� 

Order no. 10207 (Set) 

Spare parts 


3 cylinders 10203 

Probe support 10215 

Cylinder holder 10205 


Spare parts 

�� 10214 


Acrylic sample 10211 

Aluminium sample 10213 


19


Acrylic sample 

for shear wave set 

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water. 


• Sample material: acrylic 

• �� 

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Experiments 

PHY07 �� 

Aluminium sample 


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greater than in water. The aluminium sample is also suitable 

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the pulse echo method, for example for the determination 

of the acoustic attenuation in liquids. 


• Sample material: aluminium 

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Experiments 


PHY07 �� 

POM sample 


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in water. 


• Material: POM 

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Experiments 

PHY07 �� 

20 





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The pair of acrylic plates allows a number of interesting 

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shift of the spectrum to lower frequencies due to frequency 

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includes the thickness of the plate as a periodic modulation. 

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using cepstrum analysis. The set contains an acrylic delay 

line. 


• 

• 

• 

• 

Material: acrylic, transparent 

Dimensions: width = 40 mm, length = 80 mm, 

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Density: 1.2 g/cm³ 

Rayleigh wave test block 

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in the material testing is the measurement of crack depth 

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• Material: aluminium 


• Weight: 2.5 kg 

• �� 

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Test block for angle beam probe 

The aluminium test block is used to adjust angle beam 

probes in terms of the angle of incidence, the sound 

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line. The angle is determined by measuring the wall echos 

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carried out on a cylindrical discontinuity (drill hole). 


• 

• 

• 

• 

Material: aluminium 

�� 

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Dimensions: 35 mm x 35 mm x 120 mm 

Drill hole: diameter = 8 mm 


Experiments 

PHY05 �� 



Experiments 

IND02 �� 


Experiments 



21


Angle beam wedge 

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testing by ultrasound is the angle beam testing. The 

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results in accordance with the law of refraction from the 

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probe). The angle beam wedges can be used with all GAMPT 

probes (1, 2 and 4 MHz). 


• Material: acrylic 

• �� 

• Angle of incidence (delay line): 

• Resulting angle in aluminium 

17° 38° 56° 

�� 

�� 

Crack depth test block 

�� 

�� 

cracks and determine their depth. An angle beam probe is 

used to determine the angle echo amplitude depending on 

the depth of cracks. At greater crack depths this method 

�� 

cracks at greater depth as well. The performance and limits 

of both methods are determined with this test block. 


• 

• 

• 

• 

22 

Material: aluminium 

�� 

�� 


Crack depths: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 15 mm 

Discontinuity test block 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

examined at the crack. For the detection of discontinuities 

�� 

as echo-method, delta-method, tandem-method, transfermethod 

and angle-method. 


• Material: aluminium 

• �� 

�� 


Order no. 10233 (17°) 

Order no. 10234 (38°) 

Order no. 10235 (56°) 

Experiments 





Experiments 



• 

Number of discontinuities: 6 

Experiments 



Transceiver delay line (TOFD) 

For the inspection of discontinuities according to the TOFD 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

probes of the same frequency, it is simple to assemble such 

a TR probe. 



• �� 

• Angle of incidence: 38° 

• �� 

�� 

Acoustic impedance samples 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 


• 

• 

�� 

(height = 20 mm, diameter = 38 mm) 

Material combinations: acrylic/PVC, acrylic/brass and 

PVC/brass (height = 40 mm, diameter = 38 mm) 

Experiments 

PHY21 �� 

PHY22 �� 

Rayleigh wave attachment 

�� 

�� 

aluminium). This can be used to determine the sound 

�� 

material faults near the surface. The attachment has a 

directionally dependent design in order to optimise signal 

amplitude and is especially adapted to a 1 MHz probe. 



• Required excitation frequency (probe): 1 MHz 

• Diameter: 32 mm 

• Height: 10 mm 

Experiments 

IND02 �� 


Experiments 







23


Hydrophone set 

�� 

examine ultrasonic propagation phenomena and sound 

�� 

�� 

a lateral resolution of about 3 mm. To determine the focus 

zone of an ultrasonic probe, the set contains a small sample 

�� 

�� 

�� 

focus zone of the probe. At the same time, this arrangement 

�� 

�� 

no.20100). A part of the hydrophone holder is directly 

adaptable to the sample holder of the CT scanner (order 

no. 60100). This allows also the use of the hydrophone to to 

�� 

at high resolution. 

Technical data (hydrophone) 

• Frequency range: 1-5 MHz 

• Dimensions: length = 125 mm, width = 24 mm 

• �� 


Experiments 

PHY10 �� 

PHY19 �� 


Lamb wave set 

This set permits the measurement of the frequency 

�� 

�� 

�� 

are excited in thin glass plates. To determine the sound 

�� 

are decoupled in water and recorded with a hydrophone 

(order no. 10250). This measurement setup allows the 

�� 

�� 

�� 


• 

• 

24 

�� 

attachment with comb structure, thin plate of glass 

Special lift table arrangement with probe support 

�� 

Experiments 

PHY23 �� 


Spare parts 

�� 10214 



Hydrophone support plate 10252 



Spare parts 

Tripod set 

10301 

10310 

Lift table set with probe support 10320 

�� 10308 


Lamb wave delay lines 

�� 

�� 

�� 

excited. This makes it possible to measure the frequency 

�� 

�� 

�� 

decoupled in water and recorded with a hydrophone (order 

no. 10250). 


• 

�� 

acrylic - probe attachment with comb structure, 

glass - thin plate 

Experiments 

PHY23 �� 

Lambda plates 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

passage through thin layers whose thickness falls within 

�� 

�� 

plate set. 


• Material: aluminium, 

• �� 

• �� 

Experiments 

PHY22 �� 

Transit time pipe 

�� 

measurements using the transit time method. It consists 

�� 

connections for the measurement circulation and holders 

for the ultrasonic probes. 




• �� 

• Connectors: 3/8“ 

Experiments 

IND09 �� 






25


Breast phantom 

The breast phantom silicone rubber has two inclusions. These 

simulate benign tumours. The position of the tumours can 

initially be palpated in order to carry out a targeted ultrasonic 

examination. By a hand guided B-scan (compound scan) 

�� 

coupling and local assignment) the tumours can be shown 

clearly. Position and size of the tumours can be determined 

�� 

a practical example in the ultrasound training of physicians. 


• Material: silicone 

• �� 

diameter about 20 mm 

Experiments 



Eye phantom 

Biometric measurements with ultrasound are an important 

diagnostic method in ophthalmology. The typical biometric 

measurements of the length of the axis of the eye are 

excellent for demonstrating the basics of ultrasonic pulse 

�� 

GAMPT-Scan (order no. 10121) with a 2 MHz probe can 

�� 

�� 

The geometrical dimensions of these objects can be 

determined by the distances of the echoes. A lesion near 

�� 

be detected. 


• �� 


Heart model 

�� 

mode (time motion mode) is used. This continuously records 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

and heart walls. The membrane is bent upwards periodically 

�� 

�� 

�� 


• Double container with rubber membrane 

• Pressure ball of rubber 

Experiments 


26 



Experiments 




Tripod set 

�� 

together for the experiments in this catalogue. It consists of 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

to 80 mm. So all holders can be realised, which are needed 

for the experiments. 


• 1 base plate of steel, powder-coated, 25 cm x 16 cm 

• �� 

• 2 bossheads of steel, powder-coated, Allen head screws 

�� 

• Order no. 10310 

Experiments 

IND03 �� 

PHY23 �� 

PHY24 Thermoacoustic sensor 

�� 

�� 

�� 

permits good coupling of the ultrasonic sensor to the 

�� 

with a simple laboratory clamp. At a total height of 280 mm, 

�� 

�� 

�� 


• Material: borosilicate glass 

• Capacity: 2000 ml (500 ml graduation ) 


Diameter: 166 mm 

Spare parts 

• Order no. 10330 

Experiments 

IND03 �� 

Adapter BNC/LEMO 

for GAMPT-Scan 

The adapter permits the connection of ultrasonic probes 

with a BNC plug connection to the LEMO connectors of the 

GAMPT-Scan echoscope. 

Caution: GAMPT Scan and GAMPT probes are adapted 

�� 

�� 

�� 


Clamp 

10304 

10305 

Bosshead 10303 



27

Equipment and materials • cw (continuous wave) 

cw generator SC500 

The cw generator SC500 enables the generation of 

�� 

�� 

transmission frequency can be changed digitally in steps of 

1 Hz and is shown on a display. The sound power can also be 

�� 

�� 

The transmission mode is indicated by a control lamp. An 

�� 

�� 

amplitude of 50 V. The transmission frequency is also 

�� 

To control laser diodes (red/green) in the Debye-Sears 

�� 

�� 

�� 

The cw generator SC500 is designed especially for connection 

�� 

can be generated in a range from 1–13 MHz. 


• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

28 

�� 

Frequency resolution: 1 Hz 

Signal amplitude: 2-50 V 

�� 

switch, status LED 

�� 

Sine output: ± 5 V 

�� 

status LED 

�� 


�� 

Experiments 

PHY11 �� 

PHY12 �� 

PHY17 �� 

PHY18 �� 

PHY19 �� 





Debye-Sears set 

�� 

�� 

�� 

that can be used for the precision adjustment of the 

�� 

�� 

with a lens holder that enables an exact positioning of 

�� 

�� 

projection). 


• 

• 

• 

• 

�� 

lens holder, 105 mm x 125 mm x 100 mm 

Probe adjustment: POM, three-point adjustment, 

105 mm x 125 mm x 50 mm 

Ultrasonic probe: 1-13 MHz, metal housing, 

�� 

�� 

Experiments 

PHY11 �� 

PHY12 �� 

PHY17 �� 

PHY18 �� 


Multifrequency probe 

This ultrasonic probe is designed especially for the use 

with the multifrequency cw generator. It is characterised 

�� 

�� 

�� 

range can be done with only one ultrasonic probe. Like all 

GAMPT probes it has a robust metal housing. The sound 

emission surface is cast and waterproof. 


• Frequency: 1-13 MHz 

• Dimensions: 65 mmx27mm 


Experiments 

PHY11 �� 

PHY12 �� 

PHY17 �� 

PHY18 �� 

PHY19 �� 




Spare parts 

Order no. 20138 


Multifrequency probe 20138 

Laser module (red) 20210 

AOM probe adjustment 20224 

�� 20225 


29


Laser module (red) 

�� 

a special housing for easy positioning in the laser support 

�� 

�� 

�� 


• �� 

• Power: < 5 mW 


• �� 

• Current consumption: max. 30 mA 

• Laser class: 3R (EN 60825-1) 

Experiments 

PHY11 �� 

PHY12 �� 

PHY17 �� 

PHY18 �� 


Laser module (green) 

�� 

a special housing for easy positioning in the laser support of 

�� 

�� 

�� 


• �� 

• Power: < 5 mW 


• �� 

• Current consumption: max. 250 mA 

• Laser class: 3R (EN 60825-1) 

Experiments 

PHY11 �� 

PHY12 �� 

Adapter BNC/LEMO for SC500 

The adapter permits the connection of ultrasonic probes 

with a BNC plug connection to the LEMO sockets of the cw 

generator SC500. 

Caution: �� 

�� 

�� 

30 





AOM sample reservoir 

�� 

easy to clean and has with the plane base and walls optimal 

�� 

�� 

an orthogonal direction to the walls, so only the ultrasonic 

probe has to be adjusted. Additionally inside the laser 

support is a slot to input a lens holder. The lens is used to 

�� 

�� 

trays is recommended so that measurements can be carried 

out in rapid succession simply by replacing the sample 

�� 

costly probe adjustment (order no. 20224) just has to be 

purchased once. 


• Material: glass (wall thickness 4 mm) 


Experiments 

PHY11 �� 

PHY12 �� 

Cover for AOM sample reservoir 

�� 

�� 

�� 




Experiments 

PHY11 �� 

Projection lens 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

to a rectangular glass holder that can be inserted into 

the corresponding slot in the laser holder at the sample 

�� 

�� 

experiments. 


• Dimensions of glass holder: 25 mm x 75 mm 

• Lens diameter: 16 mm 

• Focal distance of lens: 100 mm 

Experiments 

PHY12 �� 




PHY17 �� 

PHY18 �� 




31


AOM probe adjustment 

�� 

consists of a probe holder for the recording of the multi 

�� 

�� 

adjusted with three screws so that the probe and the sound 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

pattern and sharp images of the central projection. 




• Three-point adjustment with probe support 

Experiments 

PHY11 �� 

PHY12 �� 

PHY17 �� 

PHY18 �� 


Acoustic absorber 

The acoustic absorber consists of a special silicone material 

�� 

�� 

�� 

sensor. The acoustic impedance of the silicone material is 

�� 

the surface of the absorber. The sound energy absorbed is 

�� 

of the material. (The colour of the supplied acoustic absorber 

�� 


• Material: silicone 


Experiments 

PHY12 �� 

PHY18 �� 


32 


• Order no. 20227 


Beam splitter 

A semitransparent mirror is used as a beam splitter for laser 

�� 


• Dimensions of the mirror: 38 mm x 25 mm 

• Dimensions of the support: 90 mm x 60 mm x 80 mm 

Experiments 

PHY17 �� 

PHY18 �� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

in order to adjust the laser beam precisely to the target 

�� 


• �� 

• Dimensions of the support: 120 mm x 60 mm x 80 mm 

Experiments 

PHY17 �� 

PHY18 �� 


Photodiode receiver 

�� 

�� 

�� 

be measured and the modulations that occur (AOM) are 

�� 

supplied completely with power supply and BNC connector 

cable. 


• �� 

400-1100 nm 

• �� 

• �� 

• Power supply: 12 V, 500 mW 

• �� 


Experiments 

PHY17 �� 

PHY18 �� 







33


Thermoacoustic sensor 

�� 

measurement method for the determination of the local 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

or with the PC through a USB interface. To compensate for 

�� 

has a zero point calibration. The set includes a connection 

�� 

�� 

local resolution, so that the intensity distribution of sound 

�� 


Sensor: 

• �� 

• �� 

• �� 

• �� 

�� 

�� 

• Signal output: ± 10 V DC 

• Zero point calibration (temperature compensation) 


• �� 

Experiments 


Measuring reservoir 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

to hold an ultrasonic acoustic absorber of silicone (order 

no. 20227). 



• Dimensions: about 310 mm x 112 mm x 116 mm 

Experiments 


34 


Spare parts 

Thermoacoustic probe 20410 

�� 20420 

�� 20421 



Stirrer for SC500 

We recommend the use of a stirrer for measurements with the 

thermoacoustic probe or the concentration measurements 

with the resonance cell. In case of the thermoacoustic sensor, 

�� 

�� 

�� 

be plugged directly into the laser probe socket of the SC500 

and the speed can be controlled by the controller for the 

�� 

stirrer. 


• Propeller stirrer of plastic 

• Speed: 0-120 rpm 

• Connection: plug connector for connection to laser plug 

socket of the SC500 

Experiments 


Adapter LEMO/BNC 

for hydrophone 

The adapter allows the connection of the GAMPT hydrophone 

with LEMO plug connection to the BNC connectors of an 

oscilloscope. 





35

Equipment and materials • Doppler 

Ultrasonic pulse Doppler FlowDop 

The pulse Doppler unit generates transmission pulses 

with an adjustable frequency of 1, 2 or 4 MHz transmitted 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

is a measure of the amplitude of the registered signal and 

�� 

particles. The measured signal can be adapted to the 

�� 

transmission power and measurement depth. The measured 

�� 

on the computer using a USB interface. 


• Frequency: 1, 2 and 4 MHz 

• Gain: 10-40 dB 

• �� 

• Interface to PC: USB 


• �� 

Software 

Using the FlowView software included, data measured by 

�� 

connected using a USB interface. During measurement, the 

�� 

is carried out by a transformation into the frequency space 

using the Fourier transformation. The spectrum is used 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

also displayed. 

�� 

�� 

36 

�� 

�� 

it is possible to obtain information from neighbouring areas 

�� 

�� 

�� 

Experiments 

PHY13 �� 


IND05 �� 






Doppler prism 

�� 

�� 

�� 

pipe or the hose. The plane surfaces guarantee a good 

coupling to the ultrasonic probe. The extent of frequency 

shift depends primarily on the angle between the irradiating 

�� 

�� 

demonstrate the dependence of the frequency shift on the 

Doppler angle. 



• Adapter for tubes/pipes: 1/2“, 3/8“ or 1/4“ 

• Angle of incidence: 15°, 30°, 60° 

• Delay line: 30 mm 

Experiments 

PHY13 �� 


IND05 �� 

Flow measuring set 

�� 

�� 

connectors are designed for 3/8“ tubes. Using the Doppler 

�� 

�� 

combined with the standpipes for pressure measurement 

(order no. 50150) and the centrifugal pump (order no. 

50130). With that a lot of interesting experiments can be 

�� 

�� 

�� 

(including luer lock connectors). 



• Pipe length: 300 mm 

• �� 

• Connections: 3/8“ 

Experiments 

PHY13 �� 


IND05 �� 

Order no. 50111 (1/2“) 

Order no. 50112 (3/8“) 

Order no. 50113 (1/4“) 


Spare parts 



Doppler prisms 50111, 50112, 50113 

Tubes 50121 

Tube connectors 50122 

Flow pipes 50151, 50152, 50153 

37


Standpipes 

�� 

equation it is necessary to measure the pressure conditions 

�� 

pressure measurement with standpipes. The pressure drop 

�� 

�� 

four standpipes, which can be connected by means of the 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

appropriate pressures has to be done by the students. 


• Material: glass 

• Length of standpipes: 1000 mm 

• Length of tubes: 800 mm 

• Connections: luer lock, male 

• Tripod 

Experiments 


Centrifugal pump MultiFlow 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

can be calibrated using a potentiometer. 

To simulate heart function for the experiments on Doppler 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 


• Connections: 3/8“ 

• Pump power: max. 10 l/min, adjustable 

• Display: LCD 

• �� 

Experiments 

PHY13 �� 


IND05 �� 

IND09 �� 




38 




Double reservoir 

�� 

�� 

�� 

measurement using the Doppler method (IND05) or transit 

�� 

�� 

�� 

can be connected through connections on its sides to the 

centrifugal pump (order no. 50130) and the corresponding 

measurement segments (order nos. 50152 and 10180). 




• Volume per column: about 3.4 l 

Experiments 

IND05 �� 

IND09 �� 

Flexible tubes set 

The acoustical properties are important for the choice 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

The tubes are easy to replace and there is no risk of fraction 

and injury. 


• Tube diameter: 3/8“ 

• Total tube length: about 2.5 m 

• �� 

Experiments 

PHY13 �� 

�� 

For the measurement of ultrasonic Doppler signals 

�� 

match in size and acoustic impedance to the used ultrasound 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 


• �� 

Ultrasonic scattering: 1-6 MHz 

Experiments 

PHY13 �� 




Spare parts 


• Order no. 50140 



Tubes 50171 



39


Arm phantom 

This realistic model of a human arm permits an introduction 

to the methods of ultrasonic Doppler diagnostics. These 

�� 

Doppler- sonography and their results. By using the 

arm phantom, it is possible to show basic principles and 

�� 

�� 

the centrifugal pump �� (order no. 50130) a high 

number of experiments on the arm can be realized. In the 

experiments the students can measure the typical spectra 

�� 

�� 

index are calculable. Additional measurements are the 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

For experiments with the arm phantom (order no. 50160) for 

blood pressure measurement using the ultrasonic Doppler 

�� 

to the arm phantom is required. The product shown in the 

�� 

shape and colour. 


• Pressure range: 0-300 mmHg 

Experiments 


40 


• Skin and tubes made of silicone 

Experiments 




Spare parts 

�� 50161 




Ultrasonic Doppler probe 

The ultrasonic Doppler probe with a frequency of 2MHz 

�� 

arm phantom (order no. 50160) The pin form and small 

�� 

local resolution. The delay line, with an angle of 30°, is 

�� 

�� 

�� 





• Special connection for ultrasonic pulse Doppler FlowDop 

Experiments 







41

Equipment and materials • Scanning 

CT scanner 

The computerised tomography (CT) is an important 

�� 

diagnostics but also for testing materials. Thereby the 

principle of the generation of tomographic images is 

independent of the measuring method. In addition to 

the known methods of magnetic resonance tomography 

�� 

also be recorded by tomography, e.g. positron emission 

tomography (PET) or ultrasonic tomography. The CT scanner 

realises the rotation and the linear shift of a sample piece 

for the tomography. In connection with the CT control unit 

�� GAMPT-Scan one can built a 

�� 

has a sample table to hold suitable test objects. The sample 

table is turned with exact angle positioning using a stepper 

motor. A second stepper motor can realise a linear shift with 

a local resolution < 10 µm. The sample table is submerged 

�� 

be adjusted, so that the examination area of the sample 

�� 

the sample back and forth between the ultrasonic probes 

coupled to the sample container in accordance with the CT 

algorithm. 

�� 

possibilities when used for cross-section imaging. The 

sample table is used as a probe holder for a GAMPT ultrasonic 

probe (1, 2 or 4 MHz). The test object, e.g. the test block 

�� 

scanned with the scanner controller. The scanner can be 

�� 

The recorded B scans are free of motion artifacts and an 

�� 

quality, since the scan can be performed with a high line 

density (see also: CT control unit). 

42 


Spare parts 

CT sample holder 60124 


• �� 

max. rate of linear motion 18 cm/min 

• �� 

max. rotating speed 1 rpm 


• Maintenance sliding bearing 

Experiments 


PHY10 �� 



CT control unit 

The CT control unit for the CT scanner is connected to the 

�� 

�� GAMPT-Scan� �� 

�� 

microcontroller can be used to control two stepper motors 

(linear axis, rotary axis). The PC and controller electronics 

are used to adjust the rate of linear motion or the rotating 

speed and control the positioning of the carriage. The motors 

can also be controlled directly by hand on the controller 

using rotary switches for direction of linear motion or 

rotation (LINEAR, ROTATION) and for rate of linear motion 

and/or rotating speed (SPEED). 


• Output: 2 x stepper motor control, bipolar 5 V, max. 2 A 

• Interface: USB 


• �� 

• Power consumption: max. 50 VA 

Software 

Using the measurement and control software AScan, both 

the readout and processing of measured data from the 

�� GAMPT-Scan (order no. 10121) as well 

as CT control (order no. 60110) can be managed from the 

computer. Thus both mechanically scanned B-scans as well 

as ultrasonic tomography images can be generated. The CT 

algorithm is integrated as module in the AScan software. 

�� 

images, the current A-scan, the settings for TGC (time gain 

control) and the amplitude of the currently ongoing linear 

scan are shown graphically. The current scanner position 

is also displayed in millimetres and the current angle of 

rotation in degrees. The CT image (attenuation and time-of- 




�� 

step by step to show in detail how the tomogram originates. 

The CT or B-scans can be exported and printed. Depending 

on time and sample, the number of rotary positions and 

the step size can be determined as well as the length of the 

scan. 

Experiments 


PHY10 �� 


43


CT reservoir 

�� 

�� 

wall is guaranteed. For plexiglass (acrylic), the acoustic 

�� 

�� 

multiple probe holders with which the ultrasonic probes 

�� 


• Dimensions: 430 mm x 150 x 150 mm 

• Material: acrylic | wall thickness: 4 mm 

Experiments 


PHY10 �� 


CT sample 

�� 

�� 

sample for the tomography is a black synthetic cylinder 

�� 

sample is fastened to the turntable of the scanner using a 

magnetic holder. 




Experiments 


Hydrophone support 

The hydrophone holder helps to adapt the hydrophone 

to the CT sample holder (order no. 60124). So that the 

hydrophone can be easily used with the CT scanner for 

�� 

hydrophone set to adapt the hydrophone to the hydrophone 

plate.) 




Experiments 

PHY10 �� 

PHY19 �� 


44 





Ultrasonic gel 

For the coupling of ultrasonic probes to the test object a 

�� 

�� 

of ultrasonic gel from medical diagnostics is recommended, 

�� 

any oily components (there is no danger of contamination). 

The ultrasonic gel is non-poisonous, water-soluble and 

skin-friendly. 


• Sound transfer in a wide range of frequency 

• Soluble in water 

• Hypoallergenic 

• Content of the dispenser bottle: 250 ml 




45

GAMPT · Experiments 

Ultrasound in laboratory course 

46 

Nowadays ultrasound has a wide range of applications. The use of ultrasound 

can be found everywhere, from the household and medicine to many industrial 

�� 

cleaning devices, distance measuring devices, inner organs and foetus 

�� 

sensors, ultrasonic welding, echo-sounder and non-destructive testing (NDT). 

A basic knowledge of generation, propagation and interaction of ultrasound, the 

design principals of ultrasound devices as well as special measuring methods is 

�� 

�� 

sections. 

PHY: The section physics includes the basics of generation, propagation 

and interaction of ultrasound and the methodology of ultrasonic methods. 

IND: The section industry includes suggested experiments for some 

selected industrial applications of ultrasound and the topic of non-destructive 

testing. 

MED: The section medicine includes examples for experiments about 

medical topics. 

The experimental descriptions give an overview of the tasks and learning goals 

of the individual experiments. This is followed by a brief theoretical introduction 

to the basic principles or related topics to be covered, as well as a representation 

of example experimental results. The equipment list includes all devices, 

accessories and consumables needed, by order number. 

Supplemental and additional experiments are also suggested. All presented 

experiments are examples that can be combined and/or extended as needed. 

Both short basic experiments and complex topics can thus be covered (by 

combination). The experimental descriptions are provided with pictograms as a 

basic orientation guide, which: 

� �� 

a short, medium or long experimental duration. 

The experiments are continually being reworked and enhanced. For more 

information, please visit our web page at www.gampt.de. 


Experiments 


GAMPT · Experiments 

Physics 48-70 

PHY01 Basics of pulse echo method (A-Scan) . ................................. 48 

PHY02 Sound velocity in solids . ........................................... 49 

PHY03 Acoustic attenuation in solids . ....................................... 50 

PHY04 Acoustic attenuation in liquids . ...................................... 51 

PHY05 Spectral investigations . ............................................ 52 

PHY06 Frequency dependence of resolution power . ........................... 53 

PHY07 Shear waves in solids . .............................................. 54 

PHY08 Ultrasonic B-Scan . ................................................ 55 

PHY09 Ultrasonic computer tomography (CT) . ................................ 56 

�� ........................................ 57 

�� ................................................. 58 

PHY12 Projection of standing waves . ....................................... 59 

�� ........................................... 60 

PHY15 Fluid mechanics . ................................................. 61 

PHY16 Mechanical scan methods . .......................................... 62 

PHY17 Acousto-optical modulation at standing waves . ......................... 63 

PHY18 Acousto-optical modulation at travelling waves . ........................ 64 

PHY19 Phase and group velocity . .......................................... 65 

PHY20 Determination of focus zone . ....................................... 66 

�� ............................. 67 

�� ..................................... 68 

PHY23 Dispersion of ultrasonic waves (Lamb waves) . ........................... 69 

PHY24 Thermoacoustic sensor . ............................................ 70 

Industry 71-79 

IND01 Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) . ...................................... 71 

IND02 Detection of cracks with Rayleigh waves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 

IND03 Level measurement . .............................................. 73 

IND04 Concentration measurement with resonance cell . ....................... 74 

�� ......................................... 75 

IND06 Angle beam testing . ............................................... 76 

IND07 Crack depth determination (TOFD) . ................................... 77 

IND08 Detection of discontinuities . ........................................ 78 

�� ............................................. 79 

Medicine 80-85 

MED01 Ultrasonic TM-mode (echocardiography) . .............................. 80 

MED02 Ultrasonic imaging at breast phantom (mammasonography) . .............. 81 

MED03 Basics of Doppler sonography . ....................................... 82 

MED04 Biometry at the eye phantom . ....................................... 83 

MED05 Vascular ultrasound (angiology) . .................................... 84 

MED06 Peripheral Doppler blood pressure measurement . ...................... 85 

47

Experiments · Physics 

PHY01 

�� 

test object are carried out. The echo signals shown in the recorded A-scans are examined and analysed. 


�� 

velocity of sound, characteristic acoustic impedance, 

�� 

method, ultrasonic A-scan 

The pulse echo method is the basic technique underlying 

numerous imaging methods for non-invasive medical 

diagnostics and non-destructive testing (NDT). In this 

method, electrical pulses are converted by an ultrasonic 

probe into mechanical oscillations. These are coupled into 

the object to be examined and travel across it as sound 

�� 

the probe and are converted back into an electric signal. 

The recording of the amplitude of this signal over time 

(amplitude scan) is graphically presented as a so-called 

�� 

�� 

of sound in the material calculated and discontinuities in 

the object detected. 

Equipment 

48 

Basics of pulse echo method (A-Scan) 




- optional: test block (black) 10204 


Results 

The screen capture of the measurement software shows a 

typical ultrasonic A-scan of our test block. We can see: the 

initial echo, the echo from a defect and the bottom echo at 

the material/air boundary at the opposite end of the test 

block. The value determined for the velocity of sound in the 

test block (acrylic) is about 2700 m/s. The calculated velocity 

�� 

echoes from the discontinuities can be used to calculate 

their depth within the test block. 

Related experiments 



PHY21� �� 





GAMPT mbH · Hallesche Straße 99F · D-06217 Merseburg · Germany · Fon: +49 - 34 61-2786910 · Fax: +49 - 34 61-278691110 ·www.gampt.de

PHY02 

Sound velocity in solids 

GAMPT mbH · Hallesche Straße 99F · D-06217 Merseburg · Germany · Fon: +49 - 34 61-2786910 · Fax: +49 - 34 61-278691110 ·www.gampt.de 


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pulse-echo method (ultrasonic A-scan). 


Propagation of ultrasonic waves, characteristic acoustic 

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pulse echo method, ultrasonic A-scan 

Ultrasonic waves propagate in a medium at a velocity 

depending on the material, which can be frequencydependent 

as well. In gases and liquids, sound can only 

propagate in the form of longitudinal waves. On the other 

hand, due to the elastic properties of solids, shear waves can 

also occur in them. Shear and longitudinal waves generally 

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longitudinal waves generated in a solid body with vertical 

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measurements using the pulse-echo method. By using 

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about the frequency-dependence of sound propagation and 

about sources of error due to the structure of the ultrasonic 

probes in use. 

Equipment 






Results 

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the measuring length increases and which is determined 

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the probe itself. In this case, the 2 MHz probe has a thicker 

adaption layer, so it has a larger error in the velocities of 

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eliminate this error (green line in the graph, c L = 2750 m/s, 

same values for both frequencies, no dispersion). 






49


PHY03 

50 

Acoustic attenuation in solids 

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Acoustic attenuation in solids, scattering, absorption, 

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of acoustic attenuation, transmission measurement 

Sound waves lose energy on their way through a medium 

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extent of this sound dissipation or attenuation depends 

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distances by measuring the amplitudes of transmission 

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statements about the frequency-dependence of acoustic 

attenuation in acrylic, these measurements are carried out 

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Equipment 







Results 

The graph shows the measured values for an example 

measurement in transmission mode on three acrylic test 

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determined lie between 2.7 dB/cm and 5.7 dB/cm. It can 

be seen that acoustic attenuation in acrylic increases 

sharply with increasing frequency. To extend the database 

with additional transit lengths, the cylinders can also be 

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PHY04 

Acoustic attenuation in liquids 



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Sound propagation in liquids, longitudinal waves, 

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In gases and liquids, sound propagates in the form of 

longitudinal waves. The sound waves can lose energy on 

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determined quickly using the pulse echo method. This can 

be used to describe the attenuation of the signal amplitudes 

A using the general attenuation law A = A 0 e �� . For two 

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linearized form results: 2 Ln(A 2/A 1�� 1 -x 2). Thus the 

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using a linear regression over the measured points in the 

attenuation/sound path diagram. 

Equipment 





Results 

In the experiment, acoustic attenuation is examined in 

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(86.5%). The diagram shows the measured values with the 

regression lines to determine the acoustic attenuation 

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with water shows no measurable attenuation, so the 

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the experiment can be seen as negligible. 






51


PHY05 

52 

Spectral investigations 

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a pulse and the spectra of periodic signals. The periodic spectrum is used to derive the cepstrum and both are used to 

determine the periodic time for calculation of the thickness of the plate. 


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or more plates, single pulse, periodic signals, Fourier 

transformation, frequency spectrum, cepstrum 

A signal that changes over time, like the signal of an 

amplitude scan (A-scan) can be broken down into its 

frequency components using a Fourier transform (FFT = fast 

Fourier transformation). This spectrum can be used to make 

small periodic structures visible and derive properties like 

layer thickness and scattering distances. While the Fourier 

transform of a pulse only yields its basic maximum, the 

frequency spectrum of a periodic stimulus (for example 

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with equidistant shifts from which the periodic time of the 

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By smoothing the frequency spectrum using the cepstrum 

method, the equidistant frequency shift can be isolated as a 

maximum on the time axis of the cepstrum. 

Equipment 



�� 10202 


Results 

The screen capture of the measurement software shows the 

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at the boundaries of the delay line/plate 1, plate 1/plate 2 

and plate 2/air can still clearly be seen, as the amplitude 

signal continues there is no clear separation between 

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spectrum of the signal. In the cepstrum, on the other hand, 

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plate thicknesses of 7.8 mm and 9.8 mm. 






PHY06 

Frequency dependence of resolution 

power 



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can be examined. Evaluation of the A-scans recorded make the relationships between wavelength, frequency, pulse length 

and resolution power clear. 


Pulse echo method, A-scan, sound frequency, period 

length, wavelength, velocity of sound, pulse length, axial 

and lateral resolution 

The methods of investigation with ultrasonic systems are 

based on the exact correlation of the information about a 

point in the examination area to a recorded ultrasonic echo. 

Therefore the resolution power of the ultrasonic probes 

are of enormous importance. The resolution power can be 

described as the smallest possible distance between two 

points whose echoes the probes can still detect separately. 

In the experiment, two neighbouring defects should be 

examined in a test block with a 1 MHz probe and with a 4 MHz 

probe. The defects are selected in terms of size, location and 

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only possible with one of the two ultrasonic probes. This 

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power of an ultrasonic probe to be demonstrated clearly. 

Equipment 







Results 

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is used to search for a slightly damped echo, and the 

frequency, wavelength and pulse length are determined. 

Then the double defect in the test block is examined. The 

screen captures of the measurement software show the Ascans 

recorded from the double defect (1 MHz top, 4 MHz 

bottom). In addition to the higher resolution of the 4 MHz 

probe, however, the greater attenuation of the 4 MHz signal 

is also clear. For example, in comparison with the 1 MHz 

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probe. 





53


PHY07 

54 

Shear waves in solids 

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propagation of longitudinal and shear sound waves in solids can be examined. From the longitudinal and transversal or 

shear sound velocities determined, elastic material properties such as the elastic and shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio 

can be derived for the plate materials used. 


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longitudinal wave, transverse or shear wave, longitudinal 

and transverse velocity of sound, elastic modulus, shear 

modulus, Poisson’s ratio 

In contrast with gases and liquids, the elastic material 

properties of solids permits not only longitudinal waves, 

but also shear waves to be induced. When passing through 

a plane-parallel plate, longitudinal and/or shear waves are 

induced depending on the angle of incidence. The angles 

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as the angle at which the shear weave shows its maximum, 

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the amplitudes of the longitudinal and shear transmission 

signals over a corresponding range of angle of incidence, 

these angles can be determined and the associated velocities 

of sound determined. The velocities of sound can then be 

used to calculate the elastic material properties of the plate 

materials used, such as the elastic and shear moduli as well 

as the Poisson’s ratio. 

Equipment 





Results 

The graph shows the amplitude/angle curves for determining 

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maximum amplitude (shear). Independently of the material 

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of the transmission can always be described by three ranges: 

longitudinal signal only (1), a mixed mode of longitudinal 

and shear signal and shear signal only (2). 








PHY08 

Ultrasonic B-Scan 



By manual recording the ultrasonic cross-section of a simple test object using the ultrasonic echoscope, the basics of the 

B-scan method can be taught understandably. Special details with respect to image quality, such as sound focus, spatial 

resolution and imaging errors are also examined and analysed. 


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A-scan, grey value presentation, B-scan, lateral resolution, 

focus zone, image artefacts 

The conversion of amplitude values from an A-scan into 

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brightness or colour values. The sequencing of such 

neighbouring depth scans from an ultrasonic probe that is 

guided along a line above the area to be examined produces 

a cross-section image, the so-called B-scan. The localization 

along this line uses the position of the probe and its rate 

of motion. A simple form of obtaining a B-scan is slowly 

moving the ultrasonic probe by hand. The image quality 

then depends on coordinate accuracy in pixel transmission, 

the axial and lateral resolution of the ultrasonic probe, the 

grey value or colour resolution, the line count and imaging 

errors. For example, to obtain an exact lateral resolution, 

an additional coordinate measurement system such as a 

linear scanner is necessary. 

Equipment 







Results 

The screen capture of the measurement software shows 

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defects built in. Manual probing of the test object makes 

it comprehensible how the B-scan method works. Using 

mechanical scanning (PHY16), the problem of movement 

artefacts caused by manual scanning, can be reduced in 

terms of lateral resolution. 






55


PHY09 

56 

Ultrasonic computer tomography (CT) 

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particular measurement parameters such as acoustic attenuation and velocity of sound are analysed. Furthermore the 

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attenuation, sound velocity, resolution, ultrasonic 

echography (A-scan, B-scan), tomography, CT image, image 

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X-ray CT, MRI and PET are computer-supported imaging 

processes that are used in medical diagnostics, industry 

and research. Processes like radiation absorption, magnetic 

resonance or particle emission are used to generate crosssectional 

images according to measurable physical values. 

Ultrasonic computer tomography is another CT method. 

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ultrasonic signals in the test object are measured. With our 

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and composed into a cross section. The sample, located 

between transmitting and receiving probe, is moved and 

turned under computer control. The superimposition of 

projections of individual scans can be followed on the PC 

step by step. 

Equipment 





CT sample 60121 



Results 

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settings of the transmission power and gain, and 

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tomograms are shown on the left in the measurement 

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enhancement). By changing the brightness, contrast and 

colour, simple image processing is possible. 





PHY10� �� 


PHY10 

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sound pressure distribution, velocity of sound, sound 

intensity 

The area in a medium in which sound waves are propagating 

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depending on the material and the sound generation 

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particle velocity or sound energy parameters like sound 

energy and sound intensity. Using a hydrophone, the 

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sound pressure amplitude along and perpendicular to the 

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Equipment 









Results 

For a 2 MHz probe (16 mm diameter) in water (c = 1497 m/s, 

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derived. The hydrophone measurement along the sound 

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a little, at about 100 mm. Measurements of the lateral 

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diagram) show a local modulation of the signal amplitude 

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57


PHY11 

58 

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to determine the velocity of sound in the liquid (water). 


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and travelling waves 

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passing through a liquid that is induced by a high frequency 

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made visible. The density maxima and minima generated by 

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grating generated by an ultrasonic wave corresponds to the 

wavelength of that ultrasonic wave. It can be determined 

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can be used in this experimental setup to determine the 

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scanned by sound. 

Equipment 




AOM sample reservoir 20225 

Cover for AOM sample reservoir 20223 

Results 

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and red laser light at a standing ultrasonic wave in water at 

sound frequencies from 3 MHz to 10 MHz (step size: 1 MHz). 

As the ultrasonic frequency rises, the distances between 

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the transmission properties of the sound probe and the 

frequency-dependent attenuation. 







PHY12 

Projection of standing waves 



In the experiment, a standing ultrasonic wave in a liquid is imaged using divergent laser light. The dependence of the 

brightness modulation of the generated projections on the wavelength of the light and the frequency of the ultrasonic 

wave is examined and the velocity of sound in the liquid (water) is determined. 


Sound wavelength, velocity of sound, standing wave, 

travelling wave, divergent monochromatic light, refraction 

indices, focal length of an optical lens, projection 

A standing ultrasonic wave in a liquid can be imaged 

using divergent monochromatic light. The standing wave 

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repeat periodically along the sound axis. The resulting 

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periodically repeating refraction indices along the sound 

axis. The projection of standing waves therefore shows 

a bright-dark modulation when using monochromatic 

light, with periodically repeating brightness maxima 

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between these brightness maxima can be used to determine 

the sound wavelength and therefore the velocity of sound 

in the liquid. 

Equipment 




Projection lens 20230 


Results 

The projection images obtained with green and red laser 

light of ultrasonic waves in water (here at 2.8 MHz, 3.5 MHz 

and 4.5 MHz) show the reduction in distance between 

brightness maxima to be expected as sound frequency 

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due to the wavelength-dependence of the refraction index. 


PHY11� �� 



59


PHY13 

60 

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waves when the transmitter and the receiver are moving 

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moving structures. For example, ultrasound can be used 

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case of scattering of the wave on small particles such as 

contamination. In the experiment, a variation in pump 

power, the transmission frequency and the angle of 

incident is used to examine the dependence of the Doppler 

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�� 0. For a pulse echo system with 

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Equipment 







�� 50140 


Results 

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at the transmission frequency 2 MHz. The Doppler frequency 

shift determined increases as the pump speed increases and 

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no angle-dependent faulty measurement. 



IND05� �� 





PHY15 

Fluid mechanics 



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pressure, viscosity 

With this experimental setup, the Doppler frequency 

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standpipes can be used to determine the corresponding 

pressure drops. This permits a clear demonstration of the 

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rates determined using the Doppler method, the pipe 

geometries and the measured pressure drops can be used 

in the continuity equation, the Bernoulli’s equation, and 

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measurements. 

Equipment 




Standpipes 50150 


�� 50140 


Results 

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This is nearly equivalent in this experimental setup for 

all pipe diameters for the same settings of the centrifugal 

pump, thus satisfying the continuity equation. 

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pipe radius r to be expected from the Hagen-Poiseuille 

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PHY13� �� 

IND05 �� 




61


PHY16 

62 

Mechanical scan methods 

Using a computer-controlled scanner, ultrasonic B-scans are recorded for a simple test object with two ultrasonic probes of 

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artefacts. 


Ultrasonic echography, pulse echo method, A-scan, B-scan, 

resolution power, mechanical scanning, image artefacts 

To obtain a B-scan with an ultrasonic probe, its shift or that 

of the sound beam along the desired cross-section line is 

required. In comparison with a manual scanning procedure, 

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image quality with better resolution and a freely selectable 

line density. Due to the low image sequence frequency, 

however, electronic multielement scanners are used for 

real-time images and moving structures. By using ultrasonic 

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mechanically guided uniform scanning, the experiment 

can examine and evaluate both axial and lateral frequencydependent 

resolution. 

Equipment 










Results 

The illustration shows the B-scan of an acrylic block with 

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2 MHz probe. By performing the examination in a water 

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from the upper edge as well as the lower edge of the holes. 

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above. 



PHY10� �� 






PHY17 

Acousto-optical modulation 

at standing waves 



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amplitude modulation, phase shift 

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modulated, with a phase shift of 180° occurring between 

the maximum of 0th and a maximum of nth order. This 

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photodiodes and an oscilloscope, amplitude modulation 

and phase shift can be demonstrated. A change in sound 

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modulation amplitude is always greatest when the distance 

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a multiple m of the half wavelength of the sound. This 

permits determination of the velocity of sound c in the 

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between maximum modulation amplitudes). 

Equipment 




�� 20302 

2 photodiode receivers 20303 

Oscilloscope - 

Results 

To determine the velocity of sound in water, the 0th 

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maximum amplitude sought. Then the sound frequency 

is incrementally increased and the frequencies of the 

subsequent maximum amplitudes determined. For the 

measurement points shown in the diagram, we arrive at 

a velocity of sound in water of (1498 ±7) m/s (T = 25 °C). 

To determine the phase shift, the laser beam is split with 

a beam splitter. The second beam is then adjusted onto a 

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maximum is recorded with it. On the oscilloscope, the 

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be determined. 


PHY11� �� 



63


PHY18 

64 

Acousto-optical modulation 

at travelling waves 

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ultrasonic wave in a liquid (water) are examined with respect to its frequency shift. 


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and variable over time for passing laser light. A travelling 

wave, on the other hand, acts like a locally variable grating 

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orders may deviate slightly from one another. For the 

frequency f of the travelling ultrasonic wave, the frequency 

v of the laser light and frequency v n�� 

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Equipment 




�� 20302 

Photodiode receiver 20303 



Results 

The oscilloscope images below show, from left to right, the 

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The sound frequency is about 9 MHz. We can see that the 

interference frequency increases linearly with the distance 

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PHY11� �� 




PHY19 

Phase and group velocity 



In the experiment, the phase and group velocity of an ultrasonic wave in water are examined. The phase velocity is 

measured for multiple frequencies depending on the wavelength. Determination of the group velocity is carried out by 

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pulse, group velocity, frequency dependence, dispersion 

The term dispersion describes the dependence of a wave 

property on wave length or frequency. The property or 

value examined in the experiment is the phase velocity of 

an ultrasonic wave in water. To carry this out, a hydrophone 

is moved along the sound axis of an ultrasonic probe. 

The hydrophone signal is applied to an oscilloscope. By 

measuring the change in the distance between the probe and 

hydrophone and the associated number of phase transitions 

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velocity c P�� 

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To determine the group velocity, the ultrasonic generator is 

operated in pulse mode, with short ultrasonic pulses being 

generated by the multifrequency probe. By measuring the 

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s between the ultrasonic probe and the hydrophone, the 

group velocity c G =s/t can be determined. 

Equipment 


Hydrophone set 10251 




Results 

For the measurement results shown in the diagram, the 

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probe and the hydrophone. For water, in the frequency 

range examined (5-10 MHz), no dependence of the phase 

velocity on the wavelength is found. As group velocity, a 

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PHY10� �� 


65


PHY20 

66 

Determination of focus zone 

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Velocity of sound, wavelength, Huygens’ principle, 

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zone, axial resolution, hydrophone 

Ultrasonic probes show in dependence on their frequency 

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resolution is limited by the frequency of the ultrasonic 

probes, the lateral resolution and the location of the focus 

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to interference according to the Huygens’ principle, a 

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relationships with strong amplitude modulations, and 

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the last maximum of the sound pressure amplitude on 

the acoustic axis. In this experiment, the sound pressure 

amplitudes along the sound propagation axis is measured by 

a hydrophone for two ultrasonic probes (1 MHz and 2 MHz). 

From the measurement curves, the focus zones of the 

probes are determined and compared with the theoretical 

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the probe ceramics and the wavelengths of the ultrasonic 

frequencies. 

Equipment 




Hydrophone set 10251 


Results 

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of sound in water of 1477.64 m/s (18.5 °C) is 43.3 mm 

(1 MHz) and 86.6 mm (2 MHz). The values determined 

from the measurement curves for the maxima of the signal 

amplitudes are approx. 30 mm (1 MHz) and 100 mm (2 MHz). 

The results cannot be more precisely due to the relatively 

simple test set up. However, the measurements show that 

the focus zone of the 2 MHz probe is much further away 

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to estimate the focus area of a probe. 



PHY10� �� 



PHY21 

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boundaries 



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Propagation of ultrasonic waves in solids, pulse echo 

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acoustic attenuation 

If an ultrasonic wave strikes the boundary between two 

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acoustic impedances of the two materials and is described 

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solid-air boundary is nearly 1. Thus the experiment 

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combinations of the materials acrylic, PVC and brass by 

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against air. Furthermore, a qualitative description of the 

attenuation properties of the materials is possible due to 

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Equipment 



Acoustic impedance samples 10208 


Results 

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PVC/acrylic are nearly equal and are probably above the 

theoretical values due to there being no 100% coupling at 

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and PVC/acrylic are almost equal and due to the slight 

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almost zero. The acoustic attenuation is least in brass. 

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PVC shows the greatest acoustic attenuation, since the 

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PHY22� �� 




67


PHY22 �� 

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acoustic impedance, phase shift, quarter-wave and halfwave 

layer 

If a plane ultrasonic wave from a medium with characteristic 

acoustic impedance Z 1 strikes a plane boundary with a 

second medium with impedance Z 2, it will be partly or 

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energy is dependent on the relation of the impedances and 

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sound is vertical, the phase change can only take on two 

values: 0° for Z 1 Z 2. Based on such 

a phase shift, the impedance ratio between two adjacent 

materials can be qualitatively described. Particularly 

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layers whose thickness is a quarter or a half of the sound 

wavelength. Quarter-wave layers, for example, are used as 

matching layers�� 

greatest possible portion of sound energy from one medium 

into the other. 

Equipment 

68 





Acoustic impedance samples 10208 

Lambda plates 10209 


Results 

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or brass-acrylic boundary with vertical incidence of the 

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was determined by the velocity of sound c and the material 

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The second graph shows measurements in transmission on 

an acrylic cylinder. Between the transmitting probe and the 

cylinder there was a thin aluminium plate (c L�� 

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PHY21� �� 


PHY23 

Dispersion of ultrasonic waves 

(Lamb waves) 



In this demanding experiment, the phenomenon of the origin and propagation of Lamb waves is examined. The frequency- 

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at dispersive sound propagation is measured. 


Surface waves, Lamb waves, dispersion, phase and group 

velocity, law of refraction 

Lamb waves propagate by the superimposition of 

longitudinal and shear sound waves in thin plates whose 

thickness is smaller than the wavelength. Primarily the 

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are interesting. A frequency-dependent change of the 

propagation velocity is generally not observed with other 

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values for phase and group velocity result for Lamb waves. 

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with special attachments for the ultrasonic probes and by 

means of a hydrophone the frequency, phase and group 

�� 

�� 

and the relationship of the Lamb waves with longitudinal, 

shear and Rayleigh waves in combination with the elastic 

constants of the material are all discussed. 

Equipment 





Lamb wave set 10300 


Results 

�� 

wavelengths were determined as group and phase velocity 

and shown in the dispersion diagram. The frequency curve 

corresponds to the asymmetric mode of a Lamb wave in 

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between phase and group velocity are discussed. 







69


PHY24 

70 

Thermoacoustic sensor 

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measurements for dosimetry in diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound applications are discussed. 


Sound energy parameters, sound pressure, sound 

particle velocity, sound intensity, sound power, ultrasonic 

dosimetry, thermoacoustic sensor 

Ultrasonic intensity measurements are of vital importance 

for patient safety during quality assurance of therapeutic 

�� 

simple possibility of the usually complex measurement 

of sound intensities using hydrophones and acoustic 

radiometers. The sensor is based on the conversion of 

incoming sound energy into heat in the interior of a small 

absorber. This permits the sound intensity to be measured 

as a temperature change in the absorber material using 

a thermoelement. The sensor is constructed as a bridge 

�� 

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temperature change as a voltage value. In the experiment, 

the sound intensity emitted by an ultrasonic probe is 

�� 

voltages. Problems about the sound generation with 

�� 

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are discussed. The sound intensity emitted by the probe is 

calculated based on the sensor‘s calibration curve. As the 

conversion of energy in the sensor is frequency dependent, 

the measured values must be corrected accordingly. 

Equipment 

Cw generator SC500 20100 


Thermoacoustic sensor 20400 

Measuring reservoir 20430 


Stirrer for SC500 20450 

Tripod set 10310 

Results 

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determined for the multifrequency probe. The measurement 

shows two intensity maxima resulting from superposition of 

the frequency responses of the probe and the generator. For 

both resonance points, the sound intensities are measured 

depending on the excitation voltage. 


PHY10� �� 



IND01 

Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) 


Experiments · Industry 

The ultrasound device is calibrated for a normal probe to locate discontinuities and to determine their sizes by the pulse 

echo method. To do this, an distance-gain-size (DGS) diagram is recorded and a horizontal evaluation line is placed in 

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diagram, time gain control (TGC) 

For ultrasound testing using the pulse echo method with 

vertical coupling of sound, normal-beam probes are used. 

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of the discontinuity depth. Due to the material-dependent 

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discontinuities of large spatial extent can be determined by 

scanning. The size of smaller discontinuities is determined 

�� 

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prepare such an DGS diagram. 

Equipment 






Results 

In the DGS diagram, the echo amplitudes of the replacement 

�� 

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�� N. For the series 

of diagonally arranged identically sized replacement 

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determine and plot a horizontal evaluation line. 






71


IND02 

72 

Detection of cracks with Rayleigh waves 

In this experiment, the origin and propagation of Rayleigh waves is examined. The velocity of sound of the Rayleigh waves 

�� 

determined from the crack depth. 


Longitudinal wave, surface wave, Rayleigh wave, velocity 

�� 

transmission, mode conversion 

Rayleigh waves are surface waves, which propagate along 

the free boundaries of a solid. They represent a combination 

of longitudinal and transversal displacements of particles. 

They are used to detect surface defects. In this experiment, 

�� 

examined. The Rayleigh waves are generated by a 90° probe 

by mode conversion from longitudinal waves, with a special 

attachment with a comb-like structure being used. The 

�� 

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amplitude of a Rayleigh wave, for crack depths in the range 

of its wavelength, can be related to the crack depth. By 

comparing the transmission amplitudes without or with 

crack, the crack depth can be estimated. 

Equipment 



2 Rayleigh wave attachments 10231 

Rayleigh wave test block 10232 


Results 

A velocity of Rayleigh waves of approx. 2920 m/s was 

calculated for the aluminium test block. For a probe 

frequency of 1 MHz, a wavelength of about 2.92 mm 

results. For crack depth determination, the probes used as 

transmitter or receiver are placed at a distance of 5 cm from 

the crack examined. The attenuation of the transmission 

�� 

�� 

For the crack depth range examined, corresponding to the 

exponential drop in amplitude of the Rayleigh wave with 

penetration depth, there is a nearly linear relationship 

between crack depth and attenuation of the transmission 

amplitude. 







IND03 

Level measurement 



In the experiment, an ultrasonic level measurement is constructed for an arbitrary shaped two-phase liquid reservoir. A 

�� 

ultrasonic limit switch is tested. 


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measurement, limit value monitoring 

For a variety of industrial processes, particularly the 

�� 

sensors are needed, for example on tank systems, reactors, 

�� 

mechanical, capacitive, optical and electromagnetic sensors 

in many areas ultrasound sensors are used for the level 

measurement They can be used with nearly any medium, 

for the overlapping of multiple media, for foaming and 

even for very aggressive liquids, since the measurement 

can be carried out from outside through the wall of the 

�� 

�� 

�� 

is determined and a volume calibration carried out for 

each. By the calibration a level measurement on a twolayer 

system of the two liquids is carried out. Additionally, 

appropriate ultrasound signals for a limit value switch must 

be recorded and analysed. 

Equipment 



Tripod set 10310 

�� 10330 


Results 

For the calibration of the level measurement the time- 

�� 

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calibration curves were adapted to the measured values. 

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used oil, the calibration curves have a very similar course. 




PHY21� �� 

73


IND04 

74 

Concentration measurement with 

resonance cell 

The dependence of the velocity of sound of a salt solution of the concentration is examined. The velocity of sound is 

�� 

wave. 


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frequency, velocity of sound, amplitude modulation, 

resonance cell 

With increasing concentration in electrolytes a decrease 

of compressibility and an increase of density follows. This 

leads to a concentration-dependent increase of the velocity 

of sound. The velocity of sound in the electrolytes can be 

�� 

wave (PHY17). The interference maxima generated in the 

�� 

change of the wave. The amplitude modulation occurs 

with the double frequency of the standing wave. A change 

�� 

This is always greatest when the distance h between 

�� 

the half wavelength of the sound. The velocity of sound c 

�� 

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measured values are compared to values that are calculated 

by the empirical formula for the velocity of sound in sea 

water of Mackenzie (JASA, 70, 807-12). 

Equipment 

Cw generator SC500 20100 


�� 20302 

Photodiode receiver 20303 

Oscilloscope, common salt, magnetic 

stirrer, thermometer 

- 

Results 

In the diagram the measured values and the comparative 

values calculated by the Mackenzie formula are shown. In 

�� 

of the velocity of sound with increasing salt concentration 

can be seen. In the range of 0-30 g/kg the measured values 

comply well with the theoretical values by Mackenzie. 


PHY11� �� 



IND05 

�� 



�� 

�� 

�� 


�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

of scattering particles and for which the scattering angle is 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

and Doppler frequency shift, a calibration factor can be 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

for each pump setting. 

Equipment 



Double reservoir 50170 

Doppler prism 3/8“ 50112 

Flow pipe 3/8“ 50152 



Timer - 

Results 

In the experiment a linear relation was found between the 

�� 

of the linear regression lines, a calibration factor can be 

�� 

at an arbitrary measured Doppler frequency shift. 


PHY13� �� 




75


IND06 

76 

Angle beam testing 

The experiment demonstrates the use of ultrasonic angle beam probes to locate discontinuities. Measurements are carried 

�� 

aluminium. 


�� 

velocity of sound, longitudinal wave, shear wave, refraction, 

angle echo, skip distance 

Discontinuities are often not parallel to the surface of the 

test object, so that incoming sound at a certain angle, that 

is an examination with angle beam probes, is more practical 

or even required. While the calibration of normal test heads 

for depth measurement only requires the transit time and 

the velocity of sound, for angle beam probes additional 

geometric factors such as the angle of incidence, the 

length of the delay line, the sound exit and the additional 

excitation of shear waves due to the tilted coupling of sound 

must be taken into consideration. In contract with practice, 

where standard calibration objects are used for calibration, 

�� 

�� 

�� 

incident angles can be examined. 

Equipment 




Test block for angle beam probe 10240 


Results 

For 38° and 17° delay lines and the aluminium test block 

you will receive a measuring arrangement, which is shown 

in the graph, with the following obtainable values. 

38° 17° 17° 

Properties 

trans. long. trans. Unit 

Sound exit point 16.8 16.0 14.7 mm 

Skip distance 48.9 46.0 36.8 mm 

Incidence angle 44.5 40.7 18.5 ° 

Sound velocity 3091.2 6436.6 3093.2 m/s 

Delay line 18,9 13.0 12.9 mm 







IND07 

Crack depth determination (TOFD) 



�� 

�� 

detection limits. 


Non-destructive testing (NDT), velocity of sound, shear 

�� 

echo, skip distance, TOFD method, ultrasonic B-Scan 

In the fracture mechanical testing of components regarding 

�� 

for the fault geometry, such as crack depth, crack length 

and crack depth position. Surface cracks can be detected by 

angle beam probes. Echoes are sought that originate in the 

angle between the crack and the surface. Depending on the 

�� 

examined and evaluated in the experiment, are used. On 

a test block, a) a groove characteristic line is determined 

for crack depth determination using the echo amplitude 

method and b) the crack depths are then determined using 

�� 

results, the suitability and sensitivity of the two methods 

can be estimated with respect to the crack geometry. In 

addition, another crack depth estimate is done and analysed 

by recording a TOFD B-scan using the TOFD probe. 

Equipment 





Crack depth test block 10241 


Results 

Using the echo amplitude method, an amplitude-depth 

characteristic (comparison objects) can be used to estimate 

crack depths that are smaller than half the diameter of 

the probe (8 mm). For larger cracks, the echo amplitude 

saturates and no longer shows any dependence on the crack 

depth. The TOFD method is used to analyse deeper cracks. 

However, it does not provide any results for small crack 

depths (1 and 2 mm). A complete crack depth test results 

from combining both methods. 






77


IND08 

78 

Detection of discontinuities 

�� 

locating techniques for non-destructive testing with ultrasound are analysed, and the selection of the correct locating 

technique is discussed for special testing tasks. 


�� 

angle of incidence, A-scan, B-scan, normal probe, angle 

beam probe, signal-to-noise ratio 

�� 

are required to locate them and determine the size. In the 

experiment, a test block with idealized discontinuities with 

a normal probe, an angle beam probe and a transmitterreceiver 

probe is examined. B-scans of the test block are 

recorded and analysed with each probe. In a second test 

run, each probe is used to determine the signal-to-noise 

ratio for the discontinuities found. Starting from these 

�� 

the individual locating techniques is evaluated and their 

selection discussed with respect to special testing tasks in 

practical applications. 

Equipment 





Discontinuity test block 10242 


Results 

�� 

�� 

localised. Small discontinuities, for example, can only 

be located by evaluating the scatter signals with the 

transmitter-receiver probe. From the oblique crack, we 

only receive an echo signal with the angle beam probe, 

and from the back wall only with the normal probe. The 

limitations of the modelled discontinuities become also 

clear. So in practice a vertical crack will not be detected or 

�� 

than the saw cut in the test block, which is intended to 

model such a crack. 







IND09 

�� 



�� 

�� 

�� 


Velocity of ultrasound, transit time measurement, 

�� 

�� 

If an ultrasonic wave moves through a moving medium, 

the velocities of the sound wave and that of the medium 

are superimposed as vectors. If the medium is moving from 

the ultrasonic transmitter to the receiver, the velocities 

add together and the sound transit time is shorter than in 

�� 

the receiver to the transmitter, the transit time becomes 

�� 

�� 

�� 

�� 

the dependence of the transit time and thus of the volume 

�� 

�� 

suitable for any gas or liquid, without the need for scattering 

particles that are required in the Doppler method. 

Equipment 




Double reservoir 50170 

Transit time pipe 10180 


- optional oscilloscope - 

Results 

�� 

�� 

depending on the pump speed. 



IND05� �� 

79

Experiments · Medicine 


In this experiment, the movement of the cardiac wall is simulated with a simple heart model. This movement is examined 

by the time motion method (M-Mode). According to the M-mode recording, the heart rate and the cardiac output are 

determined. 


�� 

time motion mode, imaging of motion sequences, motion 

of cardiac wall, echocardiography 

Examining the motion sequences of the heart and its 

structures in the echocardiography, the time motion mode, 

also called the TM mode or short the M mode, is used. As for 

a B-scan, the amplitudes of the ultrasonic signal echo of an 

A-scan is shown on the vertical axis in grey or false colour 

values. The time-shifted echoes for a high pulse repetition 

frequency are shown next to one another on a horizontal 

�� 

over time of the structure examined. In this experiment, a 

movement is created manually by a membrane. It simulates 

the periodically repeating movement of a cardiac wall or 

cardiac valve. The measurement software records a TM 

mode image of the simulated movement of the cardiac 

wall. This can be analysed and evaluated with respect to the 

characteristic values for the description of cardiac activity. 

Equipment 

80 



Heart model 10220 

- optional: tripod set 10310 

Results 

The left side of the screen capture of the measurement 

software working in TM mode shows the TM mode recording 

of a cardiac wall movement simulated with the simple heart 

model. From this recording, the pulse duration and the 

end-systolic ventricular diameter can be determined. The 

heart rate, as well as the end-systolic heart volume and the 

cardiac output can be derivated from these two values. In 

the case of the model, the end-diastolic volume is assumed 

to be zero. 







MED02 

Ultrasonic imaging at breast phantom 




The examination of a realistic breast phantom with tumours and their locating and size estimate using the B-scan method 

shows a typical application of ultrasound in medical diagnostics. 


�� 

echo method, A-scan, B-scan, mammasonography, tumour 

size 

Mammasonography - the use of ultrasound in examination 

of the breast - follows mammography (X-ray examination) 

as the second most important imaging procedure for 

diagnosis of benign and malignant changes in the breast 

tissue. It is used for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. The 

�� 

between changes consisting of solid tissue or hollow 

�� 

example, the removal of tissue from the breast can be 

performed in a controlled manner. Immediately before an 

operation, an ultrasonic examination can show the exact 

�� 

targeted intervention. In the experiment, a realistic breast 

phantom is initially examined for any pathological changes 

�� 

found and their approximate position determined. Then 

the areas found can be examined again with the ultrasonic 

probe in A-scan mode, suitable device parameters and a 

suitable orientation of the ultrasonic probe adjusted. With 

the settings found in this process, a B-scan of the breast 

phantom can be recorded along a selected line and then 

analysed. 

Equipment 



Breast phantom 10221 


Results 

The ultrasonic B-scan recorded with the measurement 

software shows the tumours with an oval shape and slightly 

tilted axis. Acoustic attenuation is increased in tumour 

tissue, so that a sound shadow results on the back wall of 

the breast phantom. 





81


MED03 

82 

Basics of Doppler sonography 

�� 

�� 

�� 

be examined. 


�� 

�� 

cw Doppler, Doppler sonography 

With the Doppler sonography, the ultrasound scattering 

signal of moving particles (here blood corpuscle) are 

detected and evaluated. The signal experiences a frequency 

shift due to the movement of the blood cells relative to the 

ultrasonic probe. Therefore the signal can be separated 

very easily from the signals of the more or less unmoving 

vascular walls and organ boundaries. Here, the frequency 

�� 

velocity among others. If over the course of time during the 

measurement (time, x-axis) the scattering intensity (signal 

amplitude, colour) is shown depending on the size of the 

frequency shift (speed, y-axis), then the so-called Doppler 

spectra are obtained. These show characteristic changes 

depending on scattering amplitude (number, size, type 

�� 

from it) and the speed of the scattering particles. With a 

pulse Doppler, a variation in the measurement window also 

permits the localisation of the blood vessel. 

Equipment 






Results 

Using the software, the signal processing is shown from the 

Doppler shift raw signal (top left) via the Fourier analysis 

(top right) up to the colour-coded Doppler frequency 

spectrum (bottom). Furthermore the qualitative (pulse 

shape) and quantitative (mean and maximum frequency, 

signal intensity) evaluation of measurements is possible. 


PHY13� �� 


IND05� �� 




MED04 

Biometry at the eye phantom 



�� 

biometric ultrasound application based on the A-scan method in the medical diagnosis of ophthalmology. 


�� 

�� 

�� 

biometry 

The ophthalmology is another medical area, in which 

ultrasound is used. Here, ultrasonic particularly takes on 

great importance in the biometric recording of the eye, 

that is, in the measurement of distances within the eye. For 

example, the distance between the cornea and iris is very 

�� 

lens to be implanted in patients with cataracts. Since the 

cornea or the lens is too cloudy for optical methods, the 

use of ultrasonic methods is very useful here. Even if new 

methods using laser light or ultrasonic B-scans are used 

�� 

echoes of an A-scan of the eye are still a simple option for 

measurement of the eye. While calculating the sound paths 

�� 

�� 

�� 

the eye phantom provided, the velocity of sound in the lens 

�� 

Equipment 



Eye phantom 10222 


Results 

The illustration shows a schematic representation of the 

eye phantom and an A-scan taken with the measurement 

software. Here, the individual ultrasonic echoes from 

locations are assigned to their origins in the eye phantom. 



PHY21� �� 



83


MED05 

84 

Vascular ultrasound (angiology) 

�� 

�� 

of a stenosis and the air chamber function on pulsatility are also examined. 


�� 

Doppler sonography, continuity equation, pulse curves, 

stenosis, air chamber function 

�� 

between the transmitted and received ultrasonic signal 

in a transceiver system in which the transmitter and the 

receiver are in motion relative to one another. Using the 

�� 

be examined and their relative velocities determined and 

�� 

by a Doppler probe on a realistic arm phantom. A vascular 

restriction is built into the arm phantom in order to simulate 

�� 

be shown clearly between healthy and changed vessels in 

the spectral image. In addition to continuous operation, 

the pumps used can also be operated in a pulsating manner 

�� 

�� 

pulsatility are examined. 

Equipment 






Results 

�� 

the evaluation and visualisation of the Doppler signals 

recorded. The example screen shots from the measurement 

software show a comparison of the typical Doppler spectral 

�� 

�� 


PHY13� �� 


IND05� �� 




MED06 

Peripheral Doppler blood pressure 

measurement 



�� 

�� 

�� 


�� 

closure pressure, indirect non-invasive blood pressure 

measurement, peripheral occlusive disease 

Ultrasonic Doppler methods (Doppler sonography) are the 

most important methods in the non-invasive diagnostics 

of peripheral vessel diseases. The determination of the 

vascular closure pressure (blood pressure measurement) 

is analogue to traditional blood pressure measurement 

�� 

Doppler method it is possible to get quantitatively more 

�� 

and also for occlusions. This permits the systolic closure 

�� 

more precisely. The procedure is mainly used in the 

diagnosis of peripheral, arterial vessel diseases. In the 

experiment, the technical performance of the measurement 

�� 

�� 

the centrifugal pump, it is possible to examine continuous 

�� 

Equipment 





�� 50300 


Results 

The diagram shows the dependence of the mean and 

maximum frequency on pressure on the blood vessel for a 

�� 


PHY13� �� 



85


Table of contents 

Experimental sets 

Set 1 Basics of ultrasound . ........................3 

Set 2 Ultrasound in medicine . .....................4 

Set 3 Ultrasound in material science and engineering . . . 5 

Set 4 Shear and surface acoustic waves . ..............6 

�� ...........................7 

�� .....................8 

Set 7 Doppler sonography . ........................9 

�� ......................10 

Set 9 Ultrasonic CT and scanning methods ............11 


Pulse echo method 14-27 

Ultrasonic echoscope GAMPT-Scan ..................14 

Ultrasonic probe 1 MHz . .........................16 



Hydrophone . ..................................17 

Test block (transparent) . .........................18 

Test block (black) . ...............................18 

Test cylinder set . ...............................19 

Shear wave set . .................................19 

Acrylic sample for shear wave set ...................20 

Aluminium sample for shear wave set . ..............20 

POM sample for shear wave set . ...................20 

�� ...........................21 

Rayleigh wave test block ..........................21 

Test block for angle beam probe ....................21 

Angle beam wedge . .............................22 

Crack depth test block ............................22 

Discontinuity test block . .........................22 

Transceiver delay line (TOFD) ......................23 

Acoustic impedance samples . .....................23 

Rayleigh wave attachment . .......................23 

Hydrophone set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 

Lamb wave set . .................................24 

Lamb wave delay lines . ..........................25 

Lambda plates . .................................25 

Transit time pipe . ...............................25 

Breast phantom . ...............................26 

86 

Eye phantom . ..................................26 

Heart model . ..................................26 

Tripod set . .....................................27 

�� ................................27 

Adapter BNC/LEMO for GAMPT-Scan . ................27 

cw (continuous wave) 28-35 

cw generator SC500 . .............................28 

Debye-Sears set . ................................29 

Multifrequency probe . ...........................29 

Laser module (red) . .............................30 

Laser module (green) . ...........................30 

Adapter BNC/LEMO for SC500 . .....................30 

AOM sample reservoir . ...........................31 

Cover for AOM sample reservoir . ...................31 

Projection lens . ................................31 

AOM probe adjustment . ..........................32 

Acoustic absorber . ..............................32 

Beam splitter . ..................................33 

�� .............................33 

Photodiode receiver . ............................33 

Thermoacoustic sensor . ..........................34 

Measuring reservoir . ............................34 

Stirrer for SC500 . ...............................35 

Adapter LEMO/BNC for hydrophone . ................35 

Doppler 36-41 

Ultrasonic pulse Doppler FlowDop . .................36 

Doppler prism . .................................37 

Flow measuring set . .............................37 

Standpipes . ....................................38 

Centrifugal pump MultiFlow . .....................38 

Double reservoir . ...............................39 

Flexible tubes set . ..............................39 

�� ...................................39 

Arm phantom . .................................40 

�� ..............................40 

Ultrasonic Doppler probe . ........................41 


Table of contents 

Scanning 42-44 

CT scanner . ....................................42 

CT control unit . ................................43 

CT reservoir . ...................................44 

CT sample . ....................................44 

Hydrophone support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 

Ultrasonic gel . .................................45 

Experiments 

Physics 48-70 

PHY01 Basics of pulse echo method (A-Scan) ..........48 

PHY02 Sound velocity in solids .....................49 

PHY03 Acoustic attenuation in solids ................50 

PHY04 Acoustic attenuation in liquids . ..............51 

PHY05 Spectral investigations . ....................52 

PHY06 Frequency dependence of resolution power . . . . 53 

PHY07 Shear waves in solids .......................54 

PHY08 Ultrasonic B-Scan . ........................55 

PHY09 Ultrasonic computer tomography (CT) . ........56 

�� ................57 

�� .........................58 

PHY12 Projection of standing waves .................59 

�� ...................60 

PHY15 Fluid mechanics ...........................61 

PHY16 Mechanical scan methods . ..................62 

PHY17 Acousto-optical modulation at standing waves . . 63 

PHY18 Acousto-optical modulation at travelling waves . 64 

PHY19 Phase and group velocity . ..................65 

PHY20 Determination of focus zone .................66 

�� ......67 

�� .............68 

PHY23 Dispersion of ultrasonic waves (Lamb waves) . . . . 69 

PHY24 Thermoacoustic sensor . ....................70 

Industry 71-79 

IND01 Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) ................71 

IND02 Detection of cracks with Rayleigh waves . .......72 

IND03 Level measurement . .......................73 



IND04 Concentration measurement with resonance cell 74 

�� ..................75 

IND06 Angle beam testing . .......................76 

IND07 Crack depth determination (TOFD) . ...........77 

IND08 Detection of discontinuities . .................78 

�� .....................79 

Medicine 80-85 

MED01 Ultrasonic TM-mode (echocardiography) . ......80 


(mammasonography) . ...........................81 

MED03 Basics of Doppler sonography . ...............82 

MED04 Biometry at the eye phantom . ...............83 

MED05 Vascular ultrasound (angiology) . ............84 

MED06 Peripheral Doppler blood pressure 

measurement . .................................85 

87


�� 

88 

GAMPT 

Gesellschaft für Angewandte Medizinische Physik und Technik 

(Company for Applied Medical Physics and Technique) 

Founded in 1998 by employees of the Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik 

of the Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, the name GAMPT today stands for 

comprehensive expertise in the area of ultrasound measurement technology. We create 

our own projects and cooperate with partners from all parts of business and research. A 

growing network of customers and partners throughout Germany, Europe, Asia and the 

United States is an expression of numerous successful cooperative jobs. 

Top products for practical education 

Based on many years of experience in guiding students in a wide variety of specialisations 

through physical laboratory work, we develop and produce equipment and experimental 

setups that can be used to provide comprehensible training in the practical applications of 

ultrasonic technology in medicine, physics and material science. 

State-of-the-art ultrasound measurement 

technology 

�� 

to plan and implement even very complex and sensitive measurement methods and 

equipment – examples are the “BubbleCounter” in the area of medical technology and the 

�� 

Research on behalf of the client 

In addition to our own equipment, we also develop custom ultrasound solutions upon 

request. From circuit design to the construction of sensors, the development of suitable 

software solutions right up to the production of complete devices – the team at GAMPT can 

�� 


© 2013 GAMPT mbH 

Product images in this catalogue are provided for the purpose of clearer 

presentation. Changes in colour and shape are possible. Technical and functional 

�� 

printing errors are possible. 

Image sources: 

• GAMPT mbH 

• Huntstock / the Agency Collection / Getty Images - Licensed for GAMPT mbH 

(catalogue front) 

• 

University of Stuttgart, Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental 

Systems (back page of catalogue) 

Design conception: 

ackermannundandere kommunikationsdesign

GAMPT mbH 

Hallesche Straße 99F 

D-06217 Merseburg 

Germany 

Fon: +49 - 34 61-2786910 

Fax: +49 - 34 61-278691101 

info@gampt.de 

www.gampt.de 

Catalogue for Education Products • Experiments xp • Experimental rim ri setups 

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Catalogue Education 2013 - gampt

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