EMCB-ENVIS Node ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

EMCB-ENVIS Centre
14
GENERAL INFORMATION
Abstract have been taken directly from source document like research report, journals,
Internet, seminars, proceedings, standards and patents. All the resources published within
the year 2000-2003.
Abstract are broadly classified and arranged under the following heads:
Bioaccumulation: It studies address the buildup of bioaccumulative compounds through
biomagnification and/or bioconcentration. Bioaccumulation means an increase in
the concentration of a chemical in a biological organism over time, compared to
the chemical's concentration in the environment. Compounds accumulate in living
things any time they are taken up and stored faster than they are broken down
(metabolized) or excreted. Understanding the dynamic process of
bioaccumulation is very important in protecting human beings and other
organisms from the adverse effects of chemical exposure, and it has become a
critical consideration in the regulation of chemicals.
Bioremediation: It is a clean-up technology that uses naturally occurring microorganisms
to degrade hazardous substances into less toxic or nontoxic compounds. These
microorganisms may:
1. Ingest and degrade organic substances as their food and energy source,
2. Degrade organic substances, such as chlorinated solvents or petroleum products,
that are hazardous to living organisms, including humans, anddegrade the
organic contaminants into inert products.
Because the microorganisms already occur naturally in the environment they pose
no contamination risk.
Bio-Transformation: This is a process of Biological changes of complex compound to
simpler toxic to non-toxic or vice-versa. Several microorganism are capable of
transforming a varity of compound founding nature but generally with respect to
synthetic compound they are unable to show any appropriate action. Biotransfer
appears to be one of the major detoxication method known so far.
Biomarker: It is a biological response to a chemical that gives a measure of exposure and,
sometimes, of toxic effect.Biological markers found in crude oils and source rock
extracts can provide molecular evidence of the correlation among oils and their
sources.
Bioenergy: In recent decades, efforts were made for evolving were non-polluting bioenergy
sources or energy generation from organic waste or biomass. These are all
ecofreindly solution. Biomass energy supply demand balances have become a
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