OCCASIONAL PAPERS - Hawaii Biological Survey - Bishop Museum

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72 BISHOP MUSEUM OCCASIONAL PAPERS: No. 113, 2012 reidentified the BISH specimens. Emex spinosa is now known to occur only on o‘ahu, Moloka‘i, and East Maui, while E. australis is known only from the Big Island. Emex australis can be differentiated from E. spinosa because it is more prostrate (average 56 cm vs. 80 cm tall), has fewer seeds per rosette (average 4.7 vs. 8.8), per node (average 2.2 vs. 6.2), and per plant (average 346 vs. 987) and the achenes are longer (average 8 mm vs. 5.5 mm) and wider (average 9.5 mm vs. 5.2 mm) than E. spinosa (Weiss and Julien, 1975). This collection was from the recently constructed bypass road in Kamuela, which we inspected after a partner got numerous calls about a weed popping bicycle tires. Both species of Emex are on the USda/aPHIS federal Noxious Weed list, and E. australis appears to be a more serious threat to agriculture and livestock production than E. spinosa, based on experience in other parts of the world (freeman 2005). Both species of Emex were targets for successful biocontrol releases between 1950 and 1966, where one species of weevil, Perapion antiquum successfully established on Maui and Hawai‘i, but failed to establish on Moloka‘i. Two other weevils, P. neofallax and P. violaceum were also released but did not establish (P. conant, pers. comm.). Material examined. HAWAI‘I: South Kohala distr. New bypass road, Kamuela, 2215327N, 221036E. Sprawling, prostrate herb with spiny 3-spiked fruit and large taproot, 30 Nov 2010, J. Parker & R. Parsons BIED148; Makahālau, Parker ranch. Weed, oct 1931, R.A. Goff s.n. (BISH #63678); 6 mi W of Pōhakuloa Park Stn, along Saddle rd ~6400 ft roadside with Chenopodium. decumbent, prostrate herb. Stems red or streaked with red. leaves and petioles green. Tepals green, anther cream. fruit green, tips of spines purple. Monoecious, 4 Mar 1979, H. Kennedy & S. Ishikawa 3910. Rosaceae Cotoneaster pannosus franch. New island record Previously documented as naturalized on Kaua‘i and Maui (lorence et al. 1995: 49; Herbarium Pacificum Staff 1999: 8), Cotoneaster pannosus grows vigorously at high elevation sites. a large naturalized population has been found near ‘Umikoa Village in the Hāmākua distr. Material examined. HAWAI‘I: Hāmākua distr. ‘Umikoa Village rd, 2211318N, 252407E. densely clustered shrubs with alternate, silvery leaves, white flowers and orange berries, no thorns. Spreading from gulch, 22 Jun 2010, J. Parker & R. Parsons BIED127. Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) lindl. New island record loquat has previously been documented as naturalized on Kaua‘i, o‘ahu, lāna‘i, and Maui (lorence et al. 1995: 49; Herbarium Pacificum Staff 1999: 8; oppenheimer 2007: 31; frohlich & lau 2008: 8) and is a common, weedy shrub across the island. Material examined. HAWAI‘I: South Hilo distr. Hwy 19, Pepe‘ekeo, 2198851N, 279188E. Small tree naturalized on roadside. White flowers on hairy brown inflorescence with yellow fruit. Green serrate leaves with white hairy undersides, 27 oct 2010, J. Parker & R. Parsons BIED146. Rubus sieboldii Blume New island record Molucca raspberry is native to Japan, southern china, and okinawa and was previously known from large infestations on Kaua‘i (Wagner, Herbst et al.1999). Three small naturalized populations of this species were found within a half-mile of each other in Mountain View near Pszyk rd. This species is on the State of Hawaii Noxious Weed list and will be recommended to the BIISc plant crew for control. Material examined. HAWAI‘I: Puna distr. Pszyk rd, Mountain View, 2162495N, 278628E. large, stiff-leaved, thorny sprawler with white flowers. No fruit observed, naturalized near small drainage, 31 Jan 2011, J. Parker & R. Parsons BIED152.
HBS Records for 2011 — Part II: Plants 73 Acknowledgments We thank the Bishop Museum Herbarium Pacificum staff, along with alex lau and danielle frohlich for assisting us with plant identification and specimen cataloging. Thanks to clyde Imada for his helpful “Native and Naturalized” plants list. a big thanks to the indispensable “Plants of Hawai‘i” website hosted by forest and Kim Starr. Thank you to the New Moon foundation for access to the beautiful and botanically diverse lands of the ‘Iole ahupua‘a.This survey was made possible thanks to financial support from the U.S. forest Service and the Hawaii department of land and Natural resources. Literature Cited Daehler, C.C. & Baker, R.F. 2006. New records of naturalized and naturalizing plants around lyon arboretum, Manoa Valley, o‘ahu. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 87: 3–18. Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. flora of North america North of Mexico. 16+ vols. New York and oxford. Freeman, C.C. 2005. Emex Necker ex campderá, pp. 487–488. In: flora of North america Editorial committee (eds.), Flora of North America, vol. 5, Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2. oxford University Press, New York, xxii + 656 pp. Frohlich, D. & Lau, A. 2008. New plant records from o‘ahu for 2007. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 100: 3–12. Hawkes, M.W. 2003. Pereskia Miller, pp. 100–101. In: flora of North america Editorial committee (eds.), Flora of North America, vol. 4, Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. oxford University Press, New York. xxiv + 559 pp. Herbarium Pacificum Staff. 1999. New Hawaiian plant records for 1998. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 58: 3–11. Hicks, R.R. 1998. Ecology and management of central hardwood forests. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Howard, R.A. 1988. flora of the lesser antilles: leeward and Windward Islands. Vol. 4 dicotyledoneae-Part 1 arnold arboretum, Harvard University. 673 pp. Imada, C. T., James, S.A. & Kennedy, B.H. 2008. New Hawaiian plant records from Herbarium Pacificum for 2007. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 100: 12–16. Li, B. & Gilbert, M.G. 2008. Phyllanthus linnaeus, pp. 180–190. In: Wu, Z.Y., P.H. raven & d.Y. Hong (eds.). Flora of China, vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Acer - aceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. louis. 553 pp. Lorence, D.H., Flynn, T.W. & Wagner, W.L. 1995. contributions to the flora of Hawai‘i. III. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 41: 19–58. Mabberley, D.J. 2008. Mabberley’s plant-book. 3rd Edition. cambridge University Press, cambridge, UK. 1,040 pp. Morton, J. 1987. Barbados Gooseberry, pp. 349–351. In: fruits of warm climates. J.f. Morton, Miami. Oppenheimer, H. 2003. New Plant records from Maui and Hawai‘i counties. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 73: 3–30. ———. 2004. New Hawaiian plant records for 2003. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 79: 8–20. ———. 2007. New Hawaiian plant records for 2006. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 96: 17–34.
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