OCCASIONAL PAPERS - Hawaii Biological Survey - Bishop Museum

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80 BISHOP MUSEUM OCCASIONAL PAPERS: No. 113, 2012 Herbst, D.R., Staples, G.W. & Imada, C.T. 2004. New Hawaiian plant records for 2002–2003. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 78: 3–12. Imada, C.T. 2008. Native and naturalized flowering plants of Hawaii – main Hawaiian Islands. available at: http://www.bishopmuseum.org/research/natsci/botany/dbandkeys/Main%20Islands%20 report.pdf (accessed November 15, 2011). ———., James, S.A. & Kennedy, B.H. 2008. New Hawaiian plant records from Herbarium Pacificum for 2007. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 100: 12–16. Kennedy, B.H., James, S.A. & Imada, C.T. 2010. New Hawaiian plant records from Herbarium Pacificum for 2008. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 107: 19–26. Lorence, D.H., Flynn, T.W. & Wagner, W.L. 1995. contributions to the flora of Ha - wai‘i. III. New additions, range extensions, and rediscoveries of flowering plants. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 41: 19–58. Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (in English). Smithsonian Institution, Washington, d.c. 1,067 pp. Oppenheimer, H.L. 2003. New plant records from Maui and Hawai‘i counties. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 73: 3–30. Raulerson, L. & Rinehart, A. 1991. Trees and shrubs of the Northern Mariana Islands. coastal resources Management, office of the Governor, commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Saipan. 120 pp. Staples, G.W. & Herbst, D.R. 2005. A tropical garden flora; plants cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and other tropical places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 908 p. ———., Herbst, D.R. & Imada, C.T. 2006. New Hawaiian plant records for 2004. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 88: 6–9. ———., Martz, K. & Loope, L.L. 2002. New plant records from the Hawaiian archipelago. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 69: 16–27. ———., Starr, K. & Loope, L.L. 2008. New plant records from the Hawaiian archipelago. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 100: 44–49. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011a. PlaNTS profile for Cornus kousa (kousa dogwood). available at: http://plants.usda. gov/java/profile?symbol=coKo2 (accessed 1 November 2011). ———. 2011b. PlaNTS profile for Crotalaria sagittalis (arrowhead rattlebox). available at: http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=crSa4 (accessed 17 oct - ober 2011). ———. 2011c. PlaNTS profile for Sophora tomentosa (yellow necklacepod). available at: http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SoTo3 (accessed November 1, 2011). Wagner, W.L.,Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai‘i. 2 vols. University of Hawai‘i Press & Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1853 pp. ———. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai‘i. revised edition. 2 vols. University of Hawai‘i Press & Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1918 pp.
Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2011. Edited by Neal L. Evenhuis & Lucius G. Eldredge. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: 81–85 (2012) Freshwater algae associated with taro cultivation in the Hawaiian Islands 1 alISoN r. SHErWood 2 , aMY l. carlIlE 3 , & JESSIca M. NEUMaNN Botany Department, 3190 Maile Way, University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822, USA; emails: asherwoo@hawaii.edu, acarlile@hawaii.edu, jmneum@hawaii.edu as part of the Hawaiian freshwater algae Biodiversity Survey (2009-2012) we have been documenting algae (with a focus on macroalgae) associated with taro fields on the accessible main Hawaiian Islands. Taro fields provide a very different environment from streams, where most of our other collections originate, in that they have much lower (or absent) water flow and temperatures that can be substantially higher (measured as high as 37.0 °c in our field sites). This paper provides an updated taxonomic checklist for taro field-associated algae in Hawaiʻi and compares our identifications to historical literature records for this interesting habitat. although several past authors have recorded collections of freshwater algae from taro fields, the only researchers to explicitly discuss algae collecting in these fields were Tilden (1901, 1902) and Maccaughey (1917, 1918a, b). Josephine E. Tilden spent several months collecting algae from almost every conceivable habitat in Hawaiʻi in the year 1900. In an informal account of her expedition to the islands of oʻahu, Hawaiʻi and Kauaʻi (Tilden 1901) she mentions the following collections from Hawaiʻi: “In a taro patch was found Anabaena variabilis, some Chara and diatoms” (Tilden 1901: 168). Maccaughey made extensive collections from taro fields on a number of islands and compiled these records in his summary manuscripts (Maccaughey 1917, 1918a, b). abbott (1992) noted that limu were sometimes gathered from upland loʻi, and aiona (2003) documented names of limu from taro fields along with their latin names (limu kala wai – Spirogyra spp.; lī pālāwai – Pithophora sp., Stigeoclonium amoenum, Hydrodictyon reticulatum and Spirogyra spp.; hulu ʻilio – S. amoenum; limu nehe – Spirogyra spp.) based on ethnobotanical interviews with native Hawaiian peoples. Given that Hawaiian names exist for some species of freshwater algae and the recorded history of these algae being collected from taro fields, the freshwater algae of taro fields must have also played a role in the diet of some native Hawaiians, either directly or indirectly. collections for this study were made by the authors and other members of the freshwater algal Biodiversity group (dr. rex lowe, Bowling Green State University; dr. Pat Kociolek and carrie Graeff, University of colorado; dr. Jeff Johansen and Melissa Vaccarino, John carroll University) between July 2009 and January 2011, with several additional collections made by the senior author dating back to 2001. Samples were collected from the sediment surface, free-floating, or attached in taro fields on the islands of Kauaʻi, oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Maui and Hawaiʻi. Identifications were made using taxonomic literature sources most pertinent for each lineage (see Sherwood 2006 for taxonomic references). catalog numbers are Bishop Museum (BISH) Herbarium Pacificum numbers for representative microscope slides deposited of each taxon. Sherwood lab accession numbers (arS) are also given to enable supplementary data for each sample to be accessed via the Hawaiian freshwater algae database (http://algae.manoa.hawaii.edu/hfwadb/). 1. contribution no. 2012-012 to the Hawaii Biological Survey. 2. research associate, department of Natural Sciences, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-2704, USa. 3. Present address: department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post road, West Haven, cT 06516 U.S.a.; email: acarlile@newhaven.edu 81
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