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33.2%
Dependence of SEE Countries оn Russian Gas (%)
50%
Slovenia
Croatia
100%
99%
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Serbia
Montenegro
Kosovo
Albania
Macedonia
region en route to the heart of Europe - in case
there is a supply contract and a functioning
pipeline. In fact, Bulgaria suggested in July
2010 that it could develop an interconnection
pipeline with Turkey that would become the
first operating section in the future Nabucco
pipeline.
Another way of boosting security in times
of disruptions and achieving a degree of
independence from gas imports is the
construction of gas storages. There are eleven
active UGS across Southeastern Europe and
there are projects for new storage facilities
to be built in Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia
and Serbia.
15%
100%
Romania
Bulgaria
100%
Moldova
Gas Storages in SEE
Country Gas Storage Operator
Storage Capacity
(billion cu m)
Albania*
Divjaka
Dumre
-
-
0,06
0.65-1.20
Bulgaria Chiren Bulgartransgaz EAD 0.45
Croatia Okoli Plinarco d.o.o. 0.63
Bilciuresti
Romgaz SA
1.55
Sarmasel
Romgaz SA
1.02
Targu Mures
Depomures SA
0.35
Romania
Urziceni
Romgaz SA
0.27
Gherceati
Romgaz SA
0.43
Cetatea de Balta
Romgaz SA
0.25
Nades-Prod-Seleus
Amgaz SA
0.08
Balaceanca
Romgaz SA
0.05
Serbia Banatski Dvor - Phase I JP Srbijagas 0.30
99%
* Projects for UGS, feasibility study completed Sources: Storage Operators; National Energy Regulators; The Energy Community
Regasification terminals could also bring
diversification of gas supplies, yet the need
for such facilities in SEE is strongly debatable.
Croatia has been expecting its LNG (liquefied
natural gas) terminal on the Island of Krk
for quite a while. In June 2010 investors in
the project, among which Austria’s OMV
AG and Germany’s E.ON Ruhrgas, once
again postponed their final decision for
the construction of the terminal due to
oversupply on the European gas market. The
terminal is not expected to come on stream
before 2017, according to OMV officials.
Albania has also invited foreign investors
Data for 2008 and 2009 where available
Sources: SeeNews; The Energy Community; National Energy Regulators
interested in the construction of LNG
terminals on its Adriatic coast near Fier but
the future of those projects is yet unclear.
LOCAL INCENTIVES IN THE
GAS SECTOR
The national gas systems in Southeastern
Europe are at different stages of development.
While Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Croatia
and Slovenia have more or less mature gas
markets, their neighbours are still studying
the possibilities to build their own gas
networks.
Throughout the region, all the countries
have drawn up expansion plans for their
gas networks. Even Albania and Kosovo
are sketching the routes of their future grid
connections. A 120-km link between the gas
transportation systems of Bosnia and Croatia
is projected to be built in the near future;
Macedonia is also preparing projects for
extending its transmission pipelines further
west to its border with Albania, to Kosovo
in the north and to Greece in the south.
Beside the projects of national importance,
there are projects of a larger scale, connecting
three or more markets in the region – the
Ionian-Adriatic Pipeline (IAP) and the
Energy Community Gas Ring (or the gas
SEE TOP Industry Profiles
ring of the Western Balkans).
IAP will be a 400 km high-pressure pipeline
that would link Albania and Croatia via
Montenegro. The pipeline will carry 5.0
billion cu m of natural gas portioned out
between Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia
and Croatia. The aim of the project is to
establish domestic gas markets in Albania
and Montenegro and to set the stage for the
implementation of the Energy Community
Gas Ring.
The gas ring in the Western Balkans is a
preliminary concept for linking the markets
of Albania, Bosnia, Croatia, Kosovo,
Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia.
According to estimations of the SEE Regional
Gasification Study, the total length of the ring
will be nearly 1,300 km and the calculated
costs for installing the pipelines only will top
USD 775 mln. The project has a couple of
options in terms of supply – via the existing
routes carrying gas from Russia; through
the Greek transmission system; from the
proposed Nabucco pipeline, or the Blue
Line. Yet, either of these alternatives would
require additional offtakes to pump gas from
the main transmission pipeline into the ring,
which will incur additional capital spending.
Resting on too many conditions and
promising little chances of success, the gas
ring in SEE remains a remote concept for
the development of a regional gas system.
SEE AT THE CENTRE OF TWO
MAJOR PROJECTS
The SEE countries hope that the future major
pipelines like Nabucco and South Stream,
which would cross the region carrying
Russian, Caspian and Middle East gas to
central and western Europe, would boost
the development of their own gas networks.
The Nabucco pipeline will cross the territories
of Bulgaria and Romania and provide them
with connections to Turkey and Hungary,
respectively. The South Stream pipeline will
probably split into two arms: a southwestern
one that will go via Bulgaria and Macedonia
to Greece and further west to Italy; and a
northwestern one heading from Bulgaria to
Romania, Serbia and Slovenia, before ending
at the Baumgarten gas hub in Austria.
If these projects win enough investor support
and political approval across the region,
the countries along their routes will benefit
from the new gas infrastructure within their
territories and the potential volumes of gas
deliveries for the local economies.
Ultimately, the construction of a number
of smaller spur lines to either Nabucco
or South Stream could bring natural gas
to neighbouring gas systems left astray
and speed up the connection between the
individual gas systems in the region.
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