BETEL-QUID AND ARECA-NUT CHEWING - IARC Monographs
BETEL-QUID AND ARECA-NUT CHEWING - IARC Monographs
BETEL-QUID AND ARECA-NUT CHEWING - IARC Monographs
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Table 34 (contd)<br />
Location Habit All cancers (years) Oral cancer Reference<br />
Agra, India 85% betel quid with tobacco<br />
51% smokers (85 gingival cancer<br />
patients)<br />
Jabalpur, India 84% (100 oral cancers) tobacco<br />
chewers<br />
28% smokers<br />
Kanpur, India 14.8% betel quid without tobacco<br />
22% betel quid with tobacco<br />
49% tobacco + lime<br />
5.4% smoking<br />
5% smoking and chewing<br />
Philippines 52 buyo a chewers<br />
2 non-chewers<br />
21 uncertain<br />
6790 (1957–65) 3173 (46.7%)<br />
(intra-oral), 85 (gingival)<br />
– (1958–67) 814 (oral + pharyngeal)<br />
(33.8%)<br />
Srivastava & Sharma<br />
(1968)<br />
Gandagule & Agarwal<br />
(1969)<br />
2332 (1958–66) 630 (27%) (oral) Samuel et al. (1969)<br />
– 75 (49 of the cheek) Davis (1915)<br />
Thailand 100% betel quid + tobacco 53 (1922–23) 25 (47%) (oral) Mendelson & Ellis (1924)<br />
Taiwan 59% betel-quid chewers<br />
82% smokers<br />
Sri Lanka Only 3 (1.5%) betel-quid chewers<br />
among cases<br />
38 smokers<br />
– (1953–1963) 89 Chang (1964)<br />
– (1945 on) 508 (buccal mucosa) Balendra (1965)<br />
400 new cases seen during<br />
3 months in 1960<br />
a Buyo can consist of betel leaves, areca nut, slaked lime and tobacco or any combination of these constituents.<br />
214 (53.5%) (buccal mucosa)<br />
<strong>BETEL</strong>-<strong>QUID</strong> <strong>AND</strong> <strong>ARECA</strong>-<strong>NUT</strong> <strong>CHEWING</strong> 83
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