The Ambiguity of Teaching to the Test Standards

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Copyright © 2004 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 10 Industrial Avenue Mahwah, New Jersey 07430 Cover design by Sean Trane Sciarrone Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The ambiguity of teaching to the test : standards, assessment, and educational reform / edited by William A. Firestone, Lora Frances Monfils, Roberta Y. Schorr. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8058-4568-2 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 0-8058-4569-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Educational tests and measurements—United States. 2. Education—Standards—United States. 3. Mathematics—Examinations, questions, etc. 4. Science—Examinations, questions, etc. I. Firestone, William A. II. Monfils, Lora Frances. III. Schorr, Roberta Y. LB3051.A592 2004 371.26’4—dc22 2003054587 CIP Books published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates are printed on acidfree paper, and their bindings are chosen for strength and durability. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents Preface vii 1 Introduction 1 William A Firestone, Roberta Y. Schorr 2 Teaching Mathematics and Science 19 Roberta Y. Schorr, Sylvia Bulgar, Janet Stickle Razze, Lora F. Monfils, William A. Firestone 3 Teaching to the Test 37 Lora F. Monfils, William A. Firestone, Jennifer E. Hicks, M. Cecilia Martinez, Roberta Y. Schorr, Gregory Camilli 4 Pressure and Support 63 William A. Firestone, Lora F. Monfils, Roberta Y. Schorr, Jennifer E. Hicks, M. Cecilia Martinez 5 The Principal, Test Preparation, and Educational Reform 91 William A. Firestone, Lora F. Monfils, Margaret Hayes, Terrie Polovsky, M. Cecilia Martinez, Jennifer E. Hicks 6 The District and Test Preparation 113 Katrina Bulkley, Janet Fairman, M. Cecilia Martinez v
Page 2 and 3: The Ambiguity of Teaching to the Te
Page 5: The Ambiguity of Teaching to the Te
Page 9 and 10: Preface It is difficult to think ab
Page 11 and 12: PREFACE likely to try more inquiry-
Page 13: PREFACE We are extremely grateful t
Page 16 and 17: 2 FIRESTONE AND SCHORR candies and
Page 18 and 19: 4 FIRESTONE AND SCHORR tests, it is
Page 20 and 21: 6 FIRESTONE AND SCHORR A strong sys
Page 22 and 23: 8 FIRESTONE AND SCHORR though stude
Page 24 and 25: 10 FIRESTONE AND SCHORR talents and
Page 26 and 27: 12 FIRESTONE AND SCHORR ing. The li
Page 28 and 29: 14 FIRESTONE AND SCHORR At first bl
Page 30 and 31: 16 FIRESTONE AND SCHORR meaning to
Page 33 and 34: 2 Teaching Mathematics and Science
Page 35 and 36: 2. TEACHING MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE
Page 49: 2. TEACHING MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE
Page 52 and 53: 38 MONFILS ET AL. 1. Have test prep
Page 54 and 55: 40 MONFILS ET AL. With an eye towar
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42 MONFILS ET AL. teachers thought
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44 MONFILS ET AL. Taken together, t
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TABLE 3.1 Math Pedagogy and Test Pr
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48 MONFILS ET AL. highly with the i
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50 MONFILS ET AL. “Coach book”
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52 MONFILS ET AL. strategies like h
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54 MONFILS ET AL. implementation of
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56 MONFILS ET AL. And I learned tha
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58 MONFILS ET AL. Still another spo
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60 MONFILS ET AL. TABLE 3.6 Descrip
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4 Pressure and Support William A. F
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4. PRESSURE AND SUPPORT To these pe
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4. PRESSURE AND SUPPORT rials, equi
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4. PRESSURE AND SUPPORT 69 TABLE 4.
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4. PRESSURE AND SUPPORT 71 Inquiryo
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4. PRESSURE AND SUPPORT or support
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4. PRESSURE AND SUPPORT Among the i
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4. PRESSURE AND SUPPORT The other t
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4. PRESSURE AND SUPPORT events, but
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4. PRESSURE AND SUPPORT thing. We t
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4. PRESSURE AND SUPPORT TABLE 4.3 H
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4. PRESSURE AND SUPPORT TABLE 4.5 H
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4. PRESSURE AND SUPPORT In spite of
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4. PRESSURE AND SUPPORT bit more th
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92 FIRESTONE ET AL. This chapter ad
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94 FIRESTONE ET AL. necessary to en
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96 FIRESTONE ET AL. Similar issues
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98 FIRESTONE ET AL. Although these
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100 FIRESTONE ET AL. vided individu
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102 FIRESTONE ET AL. ported to prov
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104 FIRESTONE ET AL. related to ESP
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106 FIRESTONE ET AL. ago. Effective
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108 FIRESTONE ET AL. 5.1 summarizes
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110 FIRESTONE ET AL. TABLE 5.2 Regr
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112 FIRESTONE ET AL. The picture th
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114 BULKLEY, FAIRMAN, MARTINEZ with
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116 BULKLEY, FAIRMAN, MARTINEZ Why
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118 BULKLEY, FAIRMAN, MARTINEZ impo
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120 BULKLEY, FAIRMAN, MARTINEZ tral
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122 BULKLEY, FAIRMAN, MARTINEZ to m
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124 BULKLEY, FAIRMAN, MARTINEZ pare
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126 BULKLEY, FAIRMAN, MARTINEZ TABL
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128 TABLE 6.2 (continued) Overall U
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130 BULKLEY, FAIRMAN, MARTINEZ stan
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132 TABLE 6.3 Process of Change in
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134 Will TABLE 6.4 (continued) Capa
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136 BULKLEY, FAIRMAN, MARTINEZ thei
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138 BULKLEY, FAIRMAN, MARTINEZ numb
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140 BULKLEY, FAIRMAN, MARTINEZ in f
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7 Test Scores and Equity Gregory Ca
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7. TEST SCORES AND EQUITY 145 Even
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7. TEST SCORES AND EQUITY 2. propor
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7. TEST SCORES AND EQUITY 149 as la
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7. TEST SCORES AND EQUITY 151 timat
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7. TEST SCORES AND EQUITY TABLE 7.5
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7. TEST SCORES AND EQUITY TABLE 7.8
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7. TEST SCORES AND EQUITY crease th
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160 SCHORR AND FIRESTONE dren need
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162 SCHORR AND FIRESTONE approach t
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164 SCHORR AND FIRESTONE prevalent
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166 SCHORR AND FIRESTONE the public
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168 SCHORR AND FIRESTONE lems and s
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170 APPENDIX A questions of respond
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172 APPENDIX A TABLE A.1 Socioecono
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174 APPENDIX A direct, 12 high inqu
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176 APPENDIX A lesson for each year
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178 APPENDIX B FOR SCIENCE SPECIALI
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180 APPENDIX B C-3 & C-4. How often
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182 APPENDIX B d. Have students exp
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184 APPENDIX B D-2. And, if you tau
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186 APPENDIX B Lessons Stayed the D
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188 APPENDIX B E-6. Was there any f
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190 APPENDIX B F-2. In the last yea
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192 APPENDIX B Don’t Not Small Mo
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194 APPENDIX B Strongly Moderately
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196 APPENDIX B Strongly Moderately
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198 APPENDIX B H-5. On a scale of 1
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Appendix C Principal Interview Guid
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PRINCIPAL INTERVIEW GUIDE 203 Level
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PRINCIPAL INTERVIEW GUIDE 12b-R-f.
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PRINCIPAL INTERVIEW GUIDE 207 f. Pr
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PRINCIPAL INTERVIEW GUIDE Strongly
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Appendix D Teacher Interview Guide
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TEACHER INTERVIEW GUIDE 213 have th
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216 APPENDIX E 2.2. Content 2.2.1 E
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218 APPENDIX F Code Coding Options
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References AAAS Project 2061. (1993
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REFERENCES 223 Constructivist views
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REFERENCES 225 classroom: Standards
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REFERENCES 227 McLaughlin, M. (1987
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REFERENCES 229 Rothman, R. (1995).
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REFERENCES 231 (Tech. Rpt. No. 400)
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A AAAS Project 2061, 19, 21, 160, 2
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AUTHOR INDEX Love, N., 13, 66, 67,
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Note: t indicates table A Abbott v.
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SUBJECT INDEX Constraints, 31, 56,
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SUBJECT INDEX G Generalizations, 16
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SUBJECT INDEX Mathematics achieveme
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SUBJECT INDEX Reformers, 44, 65, 11
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SUBJECT INDEX mathematical, 31, 129
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