Arbres locaux pour un monde meilleur | Local trees for a better world

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16 Community Payments for Ecosystem Services in Patako | Plan Vivo PDD 2012 Annual group discussions Annual meetings will be held between Arlomom and community focus groups as part of the socioeconomic monitoring. Changes observed during the year will be discussed to understand the context and the implications of any changes to socioeconomic conditions. 7 Ecosystem impacts and monitoring The community areas lie within 2 km of the Patako Forest. The forest is a diverse ecosystem with different vegetation types. These include woody savanna and shrub savanna. The dominant vegetation type is woody savanna which belongs to the Sudanian Zone of West Africa. There is relatively high biodiversity in the forest, with are approximately 200 tree species (8 of which are associates of the Guinean domain) and 125 species of birds, which is approximately 20% of the recorded species in Senegal. The bird population includes; endangered species -‐ Necrosyrtes monachus, Gyps africanus and Gyps rueppellii -‐ one vulnerable species -‐ (Torgus tracheliotus), and two near-‐threatened species -‐ Circus macrourus and Falco vespertinus -‐ (IUCN Red Data Book vers. 3.1. 2001). It is home to a number of mammalian and reptilian species including the Western Red Colobus (Procolobus badius), classified as endangered (EN) by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2012). Agroforestry activities should increase biodiversity around rural communities with trees functioning as habitat islands in an otherwise intensively used landscape. Afforestation and assisted regeneration is designed to abut the Patako Forest, thus extending the forest area and creating habitat network corridors. As tree cover increases it is anticipated that the ecosystem services of soil conservation and water availability will be enhanced (Table 5). Table 5. Summary of expected impacts of project activities on key environmental services Title of technical specification Agroforesty – Intercropping and boundary planting Afforestation -‐ plantation Biodiversity impacts Water availability/watershed impacts Increase biodiversity around the communities Improve the biodiversity around Patako Forest and prevent the degradation inside the Forest Protection of watersheds Protection of watersheds Soil productivity/conservati on impacts Prevention of soil erosion Improve soil structure and fertility Prevention of soil erosion Improve soil structure and fertility
17 Community Payments for Ecosystem Services in Patako | Plan Vivo PDD 2012 Assisted natural regeneration Improve the biodiversity around Patako Forest and prevent the degradation inside the Forest Protection of watersheds Prevention of soil erosion Improve soil structure and fertility 8 Additionality of project and project activities There is a need to work with smallholder farmers across the Patako landscape to develop sustainable land management plans that integrate more trees into farming activities and increase tree cover in the landscape. As much of the land in the area is cultivated, putting more trees into the landscape may, in the estimation of local communities, compromise existing economic and livelihood activities, such as farming. Therefore the benefits of tree planting need to compare with the proportional loss of value of cropland; or enhance the productivity of cropland. Unfortunately tree seedling availability is limited and few local inhabitants can afford them. A greater obstacle to the successful planting and maintenance of trees is a lack of fencing to prevent livestock from eating and damaging seedlings and young trees. Despite these barriers, local people express a strong interest in planting and managing trees. Community surveys have found that smallholders are willing to allocate an average of as much as 20% of their land to trees (Chistensen, 2010 in prep). However, there is a need for financial incentives and other resources, technical assistance and capacity strengthening measures, and a supportive institutional framework to enable local inhabitants to plant and maintain trees. Table 6 below summarises the Additionality tests of regulatory surplus, common practice, and barriers to implementation. Table 6. Additionality test Additionality Test Initial scenario Action Regulatory surplus Patako Forest is a national forest (Foret Classée) and is controlled by the forest administration. The Forest service is developing a management plan for the Patako Forest, but the forest is still under pressure as people use forest resources unsustainably. Agroforestry activities are allowed in the area surrounding the Patako Forest Reduce pressure on the Patako forest through tree planting and assisted regeneration activities and incentives through PES Common practice Non-‐sustainable agricultural practices Manage land sustainably. Implement afforestation/reforestation (mixed native species plantation), agroforestry (intercropping
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Arbres locaux pour un monde meilleur | Local trees for a better world

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