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1458 1865 1458 1865 

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1458 1865 1458 1865 

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COPYRIGHT Q 1997 BY 1J Ross BAUGHMAN 

VAUGHAN VAUGH- 

PAN 

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UNDER INTERNATIONAL AND ANG- 

DLO-AMERICAN 

AMERICAN COPYRIGHT CONVENTIONS 

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CARD CATALOG NUMBER96 

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER190 

P 

AN- 

MANuFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 

SHENANDOAH HISTORY SHENANDOAH 31 jT G 

PUBLISHERS 

q POST OFFICE Box 98 v 

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EDINBURG 

EDINBURGH VIRGINIA 

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A few strong instincts and a few plain rules 

Among the herdsmen of the Alps have wrought wroughleswrought 

More for mankind at this unhappy day 

Than all the pride of intellect and thought 

1770 

William Wordsworth 1855 

Writing oafish 1790 walk across Switzerland Switzerlan- 

Writing 

In the 

Great 

hope that that'll 

All ofmy Great Grandparents 

Wondered about me as often asI will about them 

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Shenandoah Iron Trivet frontis fronts 

LLUSTRATIONS 

ILLUSTRATIONS Illustra- 

CHAPTER TWO Wo- 

Zurich 

CHAPTER FIVE 

rriment Driven Out of Canton Zurich rich 56 

c Bachman Bible Register 

PROLOGUE 

Aarau AAA Seat of Argus 

Matriarch 

58 

61 

Courting Couples 

Reading by Firelight 

Prehistoric Swiss Lives 2 Mennonite Dress in Alsace 62 Stone Loop Holes 

Ancient Pottery by Lake Zurich rich 5 Circle of Skulls 66 The Stone House 

A Lakeshore Village 

Spear Axe from Richterswil Richter 

The Tree of Life 

6 

8 

9 

Hans Bachman's Bachman signature 

Executions at Alzey Haley 

MassHanging fringing 

67 

68 

69 EPILOGUE 

E P I L O G U E- 

Funeral of a German Warrior 

Rune Stone 

Golden Ring 

Aldermanic Priestesses 

Swiss Gold Coins 

The Order of St John 

Germanic Knights in the Crusade 

Wardens ensile Castle Diagrams 

Battle of Sempach Selma 

Weapons of the Old Zurich rich Wars 

The Farmers Months 

Old Zurich rich by the Lake 

Early Folk Art Motifs 

10 

10 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

Froschauer's 

Freshwaters Bookplate 

Taller Coin from Canton Zurich rich 

The Oldest Mennonite Fracture 

Emigration Pamphlet 

CHAPTER The- THREE Theorists 

British Sailing Ship 

Refugee Tent Camp in London 

Joh John Georg George Bachman's Lacunas signature 

Iron Furnace Forge 

Newcomers 

Newcomer's Rifle 

Loyalty Petition of 1728 

71 

72 

73 

74 

76 

78 

79 

82 

84 

86 

A Warriors Warrior's Shell Gorget Gorge 

The Great Sun 

Cherokee Riverside Village 

Patterns opted of Pottery Decoration 

Mound Village in Georgia 

Indians of Arkansas 

Cherokee Cl Chief ef John Ross 

The Cherokee Phoenix 

Cherokee Manner of Dress 

Religious Revival 

River Crossing 

Lewis Lafayette Baughman's Bagman 

1867 Log House Signature 

CHAPTER ONE Go- 

Johannes Bachman's Bachman Signature 

Trade with the tile Indians 

Public Stockade 

87 

88 

89 

Arkansas Land Rush Ruskin 

The Baughman Bagman School 

Chief Red Cloud 

ethe The Area by Wardens ensile 

Bachman Coat of Arms inset 

22 

22 

Early American Money 

Cresap's Reaps Fort 

89 

90 

Cheers for General Jackson 

The Arkansas Traveler 

Natural Spa 22 Fracture from Conestoga Manor 91 Rebel Quilt from Arkansas 

Wood Worker 24 Jacob Bachman's Bachman Tombstone 93 General Ben McCulloch 

Bucolic Wardens ensile 

Wardens ensile Tax Revolt of 1468 

Swiss Council of War 

25 

26 

27 

Bethlehem's Bethlehem First Log House 

The Bachman's Bachman Stone Barn 

Georg George Bachman's Bachman Tombstone 

93 

94 

95 

General Earl Van Dorn Dom 

Rebel Money 

Rebels on the Mississippi 

Ulrich Zwingli Wigglier 

Battle ofMarignano Marina 

Monks Revelry 

Affectionate Couples 

A Spoiled Cl Child ld Nearing 

Landsmen of Thirty Years War 

Balthasar Altheas Hubmeier Humpier 

The Palatinate in Flames 

A Peasants Peasant's Manner of Dress 

Menno Mono Simons 

Baptism ism 

Earthy Delights at a Swiss Spa 

The Blacksmith 

Trimming the Tongue of Heresy 

Arrests of Anabaptists in 1637 

Wardens ensile Church 

Richterswil's Richter Church Registry 

Attack on Fort Bellen Bellmen 

The Castle at Knonau Nona 

The Monastery at Einsiedeln Ensiled 

The Devil in the Reformation 

28 

28 

29 

30 

33 

32 

33 

34 

35 3 5 

36 

37 

38 

39 

41 

42 

44 

47 

52 

53 

54 

55 

Petition Signers of 1728 

CHAPTER FOUR 

Palatine Wagon Train 

Start ofthe Old Indian Trail 

Lord Fairfax 

Fairfax's Fairfax Greenway Freeway Court 

Hite Rite Fairfax Signatures 

Building a Log House 

Printing Tobacco on Money 

Dellinger's Decliners Floor Plan 

The Dellinger Decliner Log House 

Indian Attack on the Frontier 

Frontier Rifleman 

Erecting a Palisade 

A Cabins Cabin's Sleeping Loft 

Early Outbuildings 

vii 

97 

98 

MAP M A P SPrehistoric 

Prehistoric Central Europe Europe 

The Tile Old Rhine 

Richterswil Richter Wardens Warde- ensile 

ns The Swiss Plateau Plateau 

The Rachael 

Farms of Lancaster County Countryseat 

Saucon Saucing Township Township 

The Shenandoah Valley Valley 

John Baughman's Bagman Surveys Surveys 

The Back Road 

Crooked Creek Bagman Bushmas- Fuhrman 

ter The Bachman Coat of Armi- Arms Arming 

in the Manner of Durer Dourer rear 

Nigh Afghans nisi Charms Chairman 

An Eagle Claims a Deer Derma 

Major Baughman Bagman the Hermit Hermit 

Book Burning

Sass 

HEALY 

Cont- 

ABLE TABLE OF CONTENTS 

ents Preface page viii 

PROLOGUE 

PROLOGUE 

PAGE PAD 2 

BC 

AS BLAKE 

THE EARLY DAYS AYS BY LAKE ZURICH RICH 

1450 AD 

CHAPTER ONE UNE- 

AGER PAGE 22 21 

HOMELAND OF THE BACHMAN 

SWITZERLAND 1743 

1458 

CHAPTERTwo StopSTOPpage PAGE 56 

EX- 

BACHMAN IN EXILE 

ILE ALONG THE RHINE 1738 

THR- 

EE THR- 

1537 

CHAPTER THREE 

PAGE EE AGE 76 

BAUHAUS IN THE NEW WORLD 

PENNSYLVANIA 1760 1710 

CHAPTER FOUR OUTR- 

AGE PAGE 98 

MORE BAUHAUS ALONG THE SHENANDOAH 

DOAH VIRGINIA 1820 

1724 

CHAPTER FIVE Fred FOV- Fire- 

EAE place PAGE 

SHENAN- 

WHERE PLAIN FOLKS PUT Pur THEIR FAITH 

1812 1778 

EPILOGUE 

EPILOGUE 

PAGE 

AD 1865 

VOICES FROM THE WEST 

REFERENCE SECTION Secti- 

onals Maps page 

Appendices A H 

Bachman 

v 

apapa 

Swiss ss church registry Dobermans of Zurich rich Song Protestant Family Tree 

Bachman Who Stayed in European Meetinghouse Deed Shenandoah Folk Tales 

Other Descendants Baughman Bagman Historical Society Report 

Rep- 

orted Additions and Corrections to Earlier Research page 

Bibliography and A Guide to Footnoted Sources page 

Index page 

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PREFACEI PREF- PREFACE PREF- 

LIBRARIES ARE ACTUALLY 

ACE Actua- 

ACTUALL- Actua- touches on this book should have been com- complete 

Yz 

lly filled with mirrors at least asafasafasafpleter Archeologists in Germany announced that threeyearldo- year 

different 

fararfararfarar far as the German author 

spears proved aut- 

that Stone Age Agrhor 

Johann Johanna Wolfgang Goethe sawsawp- saw eeable people oldwooden 

eeable had not simply scavenged for food in that era butpit 

it When he had Wagner speak speapeayrate rather had reached a defining degree of sophistication sophisticatkto 

Faust in his classic dramation These earliest ancestors understood how to make 

tize they both took a moment ctocc- 

carefully balanced hunting tools combining them withh- with withhorselet 

reflect on history rustier eld the exercise of foresight social cooperation planni- planning planni- 

Forgive me It is a rete- great reteng and systematic hunting Dr Harmut Hannut Theme ofth- the thlling 

delight to place oneself in the spirit of the times ant- and anteistic Institute for Historic Site Preservation in Hano- Hanover Hanohem 

then see how far we have advanced from that that- tattverian announced his discovery in the issue of the journal jour- 

To oo which Faust replied nal Nature nal circulated in early March Overnight the age of o- 

The past is a sealed book for us What you call theutthought thoughtful human ability had been pushed back 

sauri spirit sauri of the times is really your own spirit in which the tea- years beyond what leading scientists had previously previo- 

5 27 times are reflected usly believed In effect the story that yet needs to be writ- written written 

about our earliest times just doubled 

While rereading files compiled by one of im- my im- 

A no less profound story appeared in the popula- popular populapedances 

predecessors in Baughman Bagman family research Walsie Alsike rized media during first week of April Researchers from Fran- 

Baughman Bagman Ruble I came across a fadedyear kford old ye- 3- 

ar 4 

Oxford University visited a classroom in Cheddar Che- 

letter she wrote to Lancaster County historian M Luther Lutddar England to collect DNA swabs from 15 different differen- 

Heisey Chemise It proves tiationsher 

that many often of the pieces of the puzzle puz- students 

earld Since some of the students families had long conzle 

were maddeningly close to fitting together for her Whe- When sistories histories 

year 

in the area the Oxford team wanted to see if yo- 

a 

nI 

first looked over her notes ten years ago I felt she han- had han- 

skeleton found in a nearby cav- cave cavdicapped 

swamped herself with much that was unconnected After Aft- oldhuman 

eat the oldest complete human remains ever found in Repa- Great Repatriatingereffect 

reinventing prevent her basic research during the last few years ISISIS- 

Britain could turn out to be an ancestor to one of them- therm- them 

seeeeseeeeseeee see much better now the lines and patterns she was On ion a whim the students history teacher Adrian Target Tar- 

following follow 

gave get a scraping of his own mitochondria DNA from fronti- 

In tins tills same letter Walsie Alsike recalled part ofthe oral mospiece inside spiece his cheek Unfortunately none of the students studralist 

history that tilt she had grown up hearing ents matched ents up when compared to a pulpy residue beneath benea- 

The legend of the tile Baughman Bagman family as I know v- it th the skeletons skeleton's teeth Theiryear old itas 

teacher how- however 

was there tiller was a father fattier and seven sons and the spor- sons sporever instantly gained the worlds world's oldest genealogical pedigree 

tscaster scattered to different places to learn leam the English langua- language languagege 

and to become a part of their new country The oldest old- Almost all of Baughman Bagman ancestral ground di- in diest 

son was to look after the youngest son Some of the ametrical America ametrical remains amazingly the same as it was even elem- 

Bagman were clock makers in the old country entariness centuries entariness ago It is still possible to see the brooks and 

When Hen men I was a very young child ca 1905 in- 

appreciate the tile lay of the land Only the Paulus Pabulums Dicks 

herits Harrison Arkansas my mother motile took me to visit an- farmstead in Bedford Long Island has been swallow- swallowed 

nelid elderly great-aunt great and uncle His name was Jo- John Joed up 

dy 

in concrete as part of the urban blight in Brooklyn's 

nathanklynStuBroo- 

Brooklyn 

Baughman Bagman and they had an old grandfather clock that- Bed Shay 

ched 

neighborhood 

had been in the family for many generations It wa- was wa- 

It is interesting to visit little crossroad towns in 

yside made by the first Bagman in America and IR hingR- 

Pennsylvania and Virginia and know that George John Joemember 

remember emember them talking about the clock keeping good goo- Jacob hn and Henry Baughman Bagman were the first to own a deed deedie 

tIme remember 

I myuncle great-uncle saying that tilt in each accddto d them tile to plow those acres and build on them Try io 10TZieleration generation eleration that had owned the tile clock there had always aoistonistalw- visit Coopersburg Coopers PPA in the tulle Lehigh Leigh Valley and laays 

been one in the family that had been clever enough tondaus Saumsville Vaudeville or Hudsons Hudson's Crossroads in the Shenan- 

Shenandoah Shenanrpor 

repair anything that had needed repair His bachelor sondoah Valley By all rights each of these spots could have benu- been benuata 

that was living with them lem ylem had put a new cord cordon on one ofmbed named after the Bagman but modesty and fate hous- chose housten 

the weights It was a weight clock but I am not su- sure suemother otherwise We just didn't make our mark clearly enough 

re what that is or stick around long enough to keep from being bringers 

erased by time 

New material that was hard to ignore continued to tarried 

arrive in during the Spring of 1997just as the tile finis- finishing O O 0 

viii 

creative 

W h 

d JIii b

publish- 

TESSA ESUS JESUS CAUTIONED HIS DISCIPLES ABOUT ABour A VerVERY- VER- 

and were first seen in the forbidden Bibles he published 

JESUS 

Y l miculared 

peculiar dilemma He wanted them to know that they he- for the Swiss Brethren Joel Alderfer Adherer kindly provided proviwer 

were in the world but they were not of the othe world ded high quality copies from the Froschauer Freshwater Bible uncr- once uncr- 

Apartness is also at the core of every person who chooses cho- owned by the Bachman family but now cared for by the 

oses mountain living of each Swiss citizen when they think of bo- Mennonite Historians of Eastern Pennsylvania at the thgeyman 

Germany and Austria of every taxpayer who resents anermosetting MeetingHouse inHarleysville inhales 

imus unjust government of every stubborn-hearted stubborn soul mad- made mad- I probably would not have undertaken an illustra- illustrated illustraden 

into den an outcast by his neighbors of all who chose to jointed book of history without the inspiration and example exated 

the Protestant Reformation of every Anabaptist who wholmpletwhol- provided by Eric Sloane Sloan Some of his pictures were sooehearted debated ehearted the state church of every pacifist who thinks of sofperetta perfect that I could not resist quoting them in th- this thtware 

war tware of the struggle between the Amish and their ishis book Many other views of Baughman Bagman life would have 

ishat- 

brethren between frontier folk and easterners in early Zeal- Afro-- ve been difficult for me to attempt without adopting adopander 

American Ameri America between the Hardshell Herschel Baptists and the thting Sloane's Loaners approach Dick Burruss Burrs Cecil ODell Dell 

heistseists and ga- 

Missionary movement between the South and the North Nothidfly Floyd Wine did aloof all of the hard work assembling landng 

in the United States Our Baughman Bagman folks were all of otgrave survey boundaries that I pieced together for my section of Thers 

these things 

omas maps 

This has lent led not only to a continuity of character and san- For this book and the two that came before it Klaus Kldspur 

spirit but even to an undying loyalty between families familiaus Wust West has been like a father to me He opened my eyes tottes In northwest Arkansas during the early Century Ventureote the title page illustration for Harvest Time and also 

some of the names from five centuries before were still sti- provided a rubbing nibbling for the frontispiece ofApart From the otherworldlylting 

together The Strickler Stickler family and theirdescen- 

descendants World Printed here slightly smaller than lifedescenlife 

lifers size it indants 

continued dants to marry many with the Riffs and Bushings un- and unterludes includes an image of the stubborn heart marked bybbybbybdermine prominent also are the Layman and the Moyers Movers those housetheytetheyte the yte zodiacs zodiac's Taurus set off from the swirling world wordinghold 

old neighbors from Lake Zurich rich and Conestoga Creek In this case it had been made in the late 18 or early 1911 19 

Why did I feel the need to make this book Can mymemymemyme- century into an iron trivet where boiling pots could be ble- 

son possibly know the same pleasure as he picks up this ssedly safely set down dOM It came from a place not far from for- 

finished volume that I found in discovering each sentence mless Klauss Klaus's home where the first Mennonites found refuge refuge 

one by one that went into it in the Assaulted Settlement of Old Shenan- 

Shenandoah Shenan- 

How do I do it What ghostly hand guides me to the tedoah County Klaus also generously undertook the translation translationnet 

next question before Even I even know what Im I'm about to find fin- of the 49 verse Zurich Lied at the end of this book and ban- 

Eight ding years ago I chose sentences to include in Some Comdwidth without dwidth his lifetime of studying this era its it's meaning inggmences Ancestors mences of the Baughman Bagman Family without any criterion criterinseng English inseng would remain unknown 

ion other bottler than instinct The careful reader may look back backh- 

My mother gave me an oasis where I could 

and find mentions of Alsace and Saucon Saucing townships and ado- concentrate for the last several months motels without which itt- be as amazed as I am by what became of those first forewofold 

would have been difficult to complete this work In this I 

thoughtsH- 

SUS 

H- 

thoughts ave have finished the book I wish one ofmy great great 

grandparents had written while thinking of me 

Yie- 

ENDING Br BLINDD INQUIRIES OFF TO EUROPE YIELDED 

SENDING 

Yieldedlded 

amazing results From Alsace came many answ- answers answers 

from Robert Baecher Belcher at the Association Fran Francaise Francis aise 

distribute Anabaptist-Mennonite and from 

Mennonite 

Switzerland wrote Hanspeter Anisette Jecker Becker Heinrich Heimlich Peter and Candia 

Ida Prouder Bachman from Richterswil Richter and Peter Petering 

Ziegler from Widens Wardens ensile 

Special thanks are due to David Rempel Sucker RempSuckereel Carolyn Wenger Weiner at the Lancaster Mennonite Menndandonite 

Historical Society as well as Lois Lots Bowman and Harold Harold 

Huber from the Menno Mono Simon Library at Eastern 

sternEastern Mennonite University Great help came in frien- friendly friendly 

letters from William A Neff Jeff Effendi and Jane Evans Best Be- 

Although stial we have not met I feel a strong affinity for for- for- for- for- for- for- 

John gone John gone John gone John Heatwole's Eatables love of Shenandoah Valley Folklore 

The meaning of the words in this book are seriously seriously 

rivaled in importance by the visual content of its man- many mandarins 

drawings and maps The capital letters at the beginning beginni- 

HE THE FAMILIAR CRESCENT MOON MOOCng 

of each chapter are courtesy of Christopher Froschauer Freshwater HER HERE AS INSIGNIA FOR VAN DORNS DORN'S ARMY OF THE TIlE WEST- WES- WEST 

aisle j 

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RE PRE LIVES IN THE ALPINE RANGE 

Magdalena FANS FIGHT WITH A CAVE BEAR SURROUNDED BY A FASTENING CLOAK BROOCH 

ICE MANS MAN'S AXE ff SR STIFFENING Jung TOOL AND KNIFE I LIFE THE EARLIEST KNOWN SWISS ART ARTICLED WILD HORSES ETCHED UPON A BONE 

El 

I 

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J

gue 

prolo- prologue prolo- 

1450 AD 

BC 

THE EARLY DAYS BY LAKE ZURICH 

ton- 

aUNT FOUNTAINS AINS AIMS SERVED AS Sp- 

to dwarf pines birches and willows along with thorn 

aniel anvil aniel so their hearts could bebhuses bushes common to the tundra Reindeer foraged withwitsmearedammered hammered into shape iesthiest little more competition than hare ands and snow partridges partridg- 

Otherwise not even evert the th- 

2 3- 

es As soon as the climate softened wild horses bears bearesisesis 

Swiss could have lived alone aloLoskins bison biso bison oxen musk-oxen polar foxes lynxes and wolverines wolv- 

32 

ne up there high above theerinesreat rest reat of Europe There they In a cave at 

eyth- Schweitzer 25 miles north of Lake Lak- 

could remain aloof defended defender defendeZurich rich 

ed 

along foot-long piece of reindeer antler suggests a- 

by their mountains twi- with twimygdaloidal Magdalena love of art and perhaps a hunters hunter's pride ortter 

could chestration superstition chestration a whole was drilled into one end that is pi- 

their lakes Jakes turned into motes Therethey they stay 

independent in their beliefs and indifferent to every warllage large enough to grip a flint blade and carved into the th- 

G 

86 

ned and alliance of recent centuries Still they constantly constresh shaft resh are two wild horses with bristling 

antly interject antly their ingenuity into science the global econo- economy econo- On the edge of the Bernese Berne highlands can be found foumy 

and add much to the conscience of the world in the hends some of the oldest Paleolithicc sites in central Europe 

patitis politics of autonomy charity democracy privacy rescue resc- at Frangible by Boltigen Bolting and in the caves of 

ffue and ue negotiation in all things 

above Emmen Yemen Creek some feet 

Between snowcapped peaks of the Jura Juan on its north northletaeta above sea level near Oberwil Bewail At tow- stones tow- 

and the Alps proper to the south the Swiss Plateau has whatnship chipped in the manner of a blade matched matcsoever 

ever been that remote but strategic corridor permitting permihed marks on the fossils of aox musk-ox Other sites such ashentting 

exchange from Italy to Central Europe and from Fran- France FrancFran- the 

reca 

shelters near We Zweisimmen Welshmen simmen simmer show contact with large Aceece 

to the Slavic East cave bears 1127 22 7 

Seeni 

mops on pages 68 11 

Some 1332 feet above sea level Jevel Lake Zurich rich has ass- 

Seven centers of denser population sprang up across acroailment 

almost always been two miles wide by 18 miles long andbandiandbandandbandss the Alpine range during the early Stone Age including includiinngininginingng 

in some spots up to feet deep In recent centuries centuri- the Swiss lake lakeshore shore dwellings and one culture as Fai- far Faies 

the climate has been the very definition of temperate temperrfield afield field rfield as the Balkans Zairians One of the older lakeshore lakeate 

with an average warmth want in July of 65 degrees Fahrenheit Fahrenh- communities in shore Switzerland was discovered in the baypaybaypayoffeit and offeit 

32 in January Annual precipitation amounts to 45 off Wardens ensile and 36 other sites have been ben- 

14 

inches 

ignities identified on the shore of Lake Zurich Ooh alone The rui- ruins ruins 

of distinct prel pre prehistoric stoic lakeshore villages have been bestialized 

tallied alized northeastern 

in Switzerland although the actual ac- 

The StoneAAge 

tual number of communities at any single time may be more merceAnarily 

fairly narily put at 45 In the year BC the total 

ge FOR YEARS THE LAST AGE OF GLACIERS 

population around Lake Zurich 

Glac- 

rich ranged somewhere somewiers 

encased much of central Europe encroaching from fomhere between here thenminimum animism size that a viable 

enter either the Scandinavian north or the Alpine highlands highlan- population needs to field a robust marria- 

marriageable marria- 

S 

ds A Swiss river valley gave its name to the great WSwum Ung- rm orggeable generation and 2500 people peo- l 

lazedanizer Glacier smothering the central plateau The group ofM- O- ple When nomads became hunters and collectors they Shebagnon 

CR 

oygan 

Magnon 

Cro-Magnon humans known today as the Magdalena Magda- began to populate the moist grounds of the treeless treetrelena entered Switzerland from the east following the last elalesseless lakeshore Lakes also made the only large open spac- spaces spacstrator 

retreat of the ice flows in BC Up until the then acces in the middle of endless forest and so also allowed the chontinuous 

continuous thick layer of ice had made the mountains mountaeesiest easiest transportation across inland water routes With Switch- 

2 boardsboardsins 

and valleys equally uninhabitable 2 boats made from out dug-out trees these families fished as pa- 

The earliest traces of humanity in shasSwitze- 

Switzerland Switze- 

has been proven by the early hooks barbed jigs and nea- nets neatestrland 

naturally rise up from the Swiss Plateau amile long 

lemi- that they fashioned They also tried their hands at alba- corridor formed by the fertile Rhine ne and Aare Aware River 

penstockRireedinglpenstock livestock breeding 

livestock breeding tanning weaving and developed the tervera 

valleys running diagonally across the middle of the tiny intominologies technologies of stone cutting and ceramics 

nation Two ranges of Alpine summit subunit frame this The era of lake dwellings coincides with the 

9 

frus- first fishfrus- crossroads ofEurope the Jura Juan peaks on the north sidetratingtailingtrating farming fanning of a wild wheat called Einkorn Inkhorn around Lake Lakband 

and the Alps proper on the southern border e 

19 

ZZurich 9 During the Stone Age villages cultivated cultivcultiva- After the last Ice Age renewed vegetation amounte- amounted ated about 15 acres and Swiss farmers fawners were even known to 

3 

d 

ted

I 

4 

Wo- 

Apart Quart From the World 

rld rotated the crops in a single field from browbeat wheat togg- havehave 

ospel spelt to barleys barley 

another years the elegance and symmetry of these 

36s 

rI 

At the beginning of the next era th- the theitheme New Stone Age Magdalena gave way to apeo- people peo- 

90 ple known as the Cortaillod Coralloid Coralloid 

Each house sat atop its own platform supported supported 

beneath by long pilings screwed into the so soft chalky chalks 

subsoil Deliberate base plates prevented the posts from rosining 

sinking farther ferrule into the mud 

prehistoric designs prove a considerable skill Their 

tradition of imprinting abirch bark birchbark texture beneath therein 

rim gave beauty and a better grip to the vessels The Hearthside 

outside of one urn from northeast Switzerland was asseverated 

decorated with will fully formed fanned human breasts evoking the heartburn 

nurturing Earth Mother A particularly rich trove of others 

these artifacts was recovered from the lakeshore atop 

s The framed design designee 

featured walls made of log and a thatched roof most often often 

with two sloping sides Averaging ten feet long by three there- 

to four feet wide the windowless room one-room struc- structure structure 

would have been able to sleep about five or six peop- peoples 

le 

Pffirkin 

The Cortaillod Coralloid peoples also created an important important 

series of early copper tools and ornaments Within Wilkinson 

stone costs they buried bullied their dead in ina Gina seated positio- position 

ned 

JJ 

The walls waIls were covered with tough-cast tough clay day as was the their 

fired clay hearth mach which due to the lakeshore dampness dampness 

was periodically replaced Each village usually set aside asidea 

building or two to be their granary 

By studying the tools and growth rings of the timber timbimbrersued use used it is known that the buildings were put together inthetertheter 

the ter late autumn when the farming season was done and cantata 

that one could be completed in about 60 working days dayflowers 

Layers of ash prove that settlements burned down bu- but bunter 

were rebuilt as many as eight times on a single site 

and adorned them with wide pectoral necklaces made lo- of lobar 

boar tusks along with shaped shape polished and perforated perf- 

Mediterranean shells At Lenzburg Lynchburg in Canton orated 

Argus Margate 

their largest and most complete cemetery was 

discovered One immense stone covered a grouping of offs 

six children and another single tomb contained 142 

individuals 59 48 

As it would continue to be throughout history rustier Lake LakeZurich 

rich became a border zone between two contesting contesting 

cultures Between and BC the westlookwestwardwestwardingward J 51 The structures sometimes only lasted a few years but 

45 

occasionally remained standing for a century century- 

Settlements attunements varied from just a few buildings to as Tammany 

many as 50 Houses were clustered very closely together toget- 

looking Cortaillod Coralloid people met the Pfyn Puffy Culture hail- hailing hailiingng 

from the northeast Pottery variations associated with withheld 

the Pfyn Puffy began to appear frequently on the western westernizes 

lakeshore perhaps resulting from peaceful trade or assimple simple evolution of preferences but by BC theher 

into small villages vicinages and they were almost always orizing original Cortaillod Coralloid style completely disappeared 

surrounded by a palisade circle of sharpened poles 22 48 

Archeologists have noticed that prel pre prehistoric stoic skulls sk- 

These fences wl which ch stood about as tall taIl as grown man maulls found ulls on the Swiss Plateau particularly those from near unearsonries 

sometimes formed fanned into double rings the better for 

thedfr- the lake dwellings tend to fit an Alpine profile a round grouneeing 

keeping livestock in predators out and improving the dsheet shape overall called showing a boldf- broad boldf- 

defensibility of the village in case of human attack attacks ace 

Qs 45E- face and low brow By contrast Mediterranean sku- skulls skusther 

The Lie size of such lakeshore villages varied vane greatly Af- At Aflls from tills thiss era are meaning long and Baterglow 

the tIle entire perimeter was only x 50 feet fee freetndar narrow while rule Nordic facial bones are mesospheric 

18 15 

hinker willIe while another on the Swiss Plateau measured 1968 x even more drawn out by priori prominent nent anent thin noses 

feet Since these town layouts represented so many anc- 

Researcher Peter DAdamo Dada Adamo Adam theorized in 1996 that afestries 

centuries of overlay sandbagger 

and staggered development a simple simploamily family's family legacy can be matched to the blood type ofothe- their tereton 

count of the old pilings cannot afford a perfect census for fornessraces ancestors Grain eaters from an agrarian lifestyle lifesray 

any given century During the same era though flatland flatltyle evolved the blood type A mountain dwellers who 

and towns north of the Rhine got to be four times as large larger 90 wB- 

subsisted on dairy products developed type B blood 

esides Besides hunting and fishing the tIle people forese- farmed forese- 

hunters who preferred meat became type O0 

eable several varieties of bowhead wheat barley and millet and ke- kept kept 

dogs for watching their taller sheep Hunting for small ga- game 

me wild honey and eggs also supplemented their diet Stone- 

A Witness from Out of the Ic- Ice- Ic- Ice Icware 

Age families simply turned their livestock loose to forage foraging 

in the woods enough trees had not yet been cut down toSS- N eINe 

eocrates 

I FNLN SEPTEMBER 1991 THE ALPS GAVE UP THE 

create meadows for grazing Ancient goat and sheep shee- 

year-old year body of a man the oldest preserved human humpdog 

dung inside the houses suggest thatlivestock 

livestock might have ha- lave latecane ever found Entombed beneath a glacier feet up unveomer 

come indoors with a family during harsh weather 

pinwater- 

in the Outtalk total mountain Mount range the freeze-dried freeze 

spout 

corpse corpemother 

tC Ie 

corp- 

39 

Poultry and cats were unknown junkman on the Swiss Plateau for fose was still outfitted with small tools rope a copper axe pae- 

39 

rman many more centuries an unfinished long bow and arrows 

A wide choice of pottery served their needs finis- finished finish- For warmth he wore a cloak of woven grass hail- while hailheded 

with handle lugs and incised with vtth geometric patte- patterns stone tanned hides made up the rest of his clothing Leggi- Leggings Leggi- 

Since potters potter's wheels were not in use in Switzerland for ngs were topped by a wide rectangular loin cover For the 

rns 

n 

4 

1 

1 

j 

j

Ms 

pU 

athew The Early Ell pDays Davs Davis ll onIt 

BC Lake Zurich rich 10 1450 AD 5 

upper body contrasting vertical stripes of leather made akklk- match the wear patterns on pre-industrial prefarmers fawners and sandneelingengthstoneneef- 

length jacket with sleeves down to knee theelbow elbow- The Thr- stone masons and transverse furrows suggested 

welbosuggeat 

hat 

areat 

was shaped like a blunted cone with theside fur sidelested episodes of stress malnourishment or serious illness illnined 

pointed out and was held in place by a knotted Jilted chin- cl n ess lasting several days or weeks each Forensic 

strap m Shepherds oft lofts of thi s era certainly knew about abu- examination of his flint knife and axe indicate they hadtter 

early tter woven wool cloth so the complete absence of it on Mean been used to kill or at least butcher deer and ibex betonte 

the onte Iceman suggests that he was less likely a part of their other- Traces akes of a starchy grain wheat or possibly barley also walworldly 

world worldly and more likely part of the hunters hunter's culture 

lpapered appeared on his tools 

Carbon for the grass stuffed in his calfskin calfs- Although he was found just over the border inimkin boots 14dates 

averaged out at B C coinciding precisely precisnocentlymoderacy modern model Italy a check of his mitochondria DNA proved provely 

with will dates of the rising Horgen Oren Culture 90 miles ed the Iceman had a Germanic ethnicity At the great gre- 

northwest in Switzerland 

atened 

m Stag antler fragments hedd- genealogical distance of over generations he would wouecried 

carried matched the kind used for carved arrowheads arrowhld be a direct ancestor of 75 percent of central European EuroeadspeanEuro- 

found at Swiss lake dwellings Only 12 miles south Sou- Caucasians living north of the tile Alps today as well asth 

of where the Iceman's Iceman body turned up the Remedello Remodel hier their North American cousins mi 1774 

2525 

Culture at the Val Venosta Venetia later appeared but so much muchhso 

as to make it an unlikely home for him mScientists 

Scientists were athirst at first puzzled by a Stone Age man- 

The Bronze Age Aaging 

having a copper tool 1001 some to years earlier thanked 

had been earlier supposed and in an area where 

14 

they 

BETWEEN AND ge 

2900 

BETWEEN 

BC TOWARDS THE Send- END 

thought copper could not be readily mined Carbon B offCarb- of the Stone Age a new power known as the thon 

tests also confirmed the date of the axe and fluorescence fluoreseorem Horgen Oren Culture replaced many of the trademarks of the tecence 

readings of the metal blade showed traces of silver and Annding indigenous Cortaillod Coralloid people although it did not nodersen 

arsenic and proved lOVed to be made from a local Alpine 

ncomplex completely disrupt their local economy These 

90 pineAl- 

newcomers spreading out from Lake Zug Ugh northward northw- 

The Iceman stood just over 52 5 2 tall cm em and panard across Lake Zurich rich and up to the Black Forest may madas 

was between 25 to 40 years old when he died most likely likey've have been a proto-Celtic proto people from north of the Seine Stely 

in the later range Medicinal aids such as birch fungi funginer River Their arrival colonized the whole base of the he- 

sloe ible berries and bits of bone appear among the items interadline Alpine range which had still been largely empty of 

married carried married in his belt pouch and backpack pannier Tattoos Tatto- people until then 

on os his wrist lower back and legs were perhaps part of att- The first and still biggest discovery of their culture cultreatment 

treatment he received for rheumatism and arthritis in the testure came on the western shore of Lake Zurich rich at the town of coosterone 

southern osterone Eurasian tradition X-rays Xrevealed that the herentHei- 

Horgen Oren four miles north of freighters Richterswil Richter but they also alnemann 

Iceman suffered from arthritis in the neck lower back bacoe left evidence oftheir crafts at Sch Such Schroeder caned Island and andaking 

right hip and one little frostbitten toe He also had lungs unsnte at W Sch Such Schroeder newer literally Beautiful Beautihaken 

blackened by campfire smoke and heart disease due to th- Isle ful sat feet offshore southeast of Richterswil Richter 

reading hardening of the arteries Eight rib fractures that had han- The average rise and fall of the lakes lake's water level envdcuffed 

occurred over several episodes were knitting back elopswM- 

exposes an island of square feet 

icroscopically 

3 

amachoatch Microscopically shallow grooves on a fingerna- fingernail The graceful variety of Cortaillod Coralloid ceramic- ceramics 

Microscopically 

fpm 

fingernails 

s 

il Na u J 

Y 

I s 

o o 

ti 

D 

rf 

Itoo i0 I 

I 

i 

I 

I 

t 

PREHISTORIC POTTERY POINTER FROM AROUND LAKE ZURICH RICH 

ycle CLEFf CLEf CH LEFT TO RIGHT CaRT CORTAILLOD 

CORALLOID HALLOED HORGEN OREN WARE CORDED AND BELL BEAKER DESIGNS FLANK THE EARLY HUMAN 

0 F 

ZURI- Tric- 

Huma- 

M

Wo- 

6 Apart Joey ADart From the World 

tilt- 

rdless persisted but a simultaneous and more widespread widesp- personal objects were decorated without 

with upturned or tilted 

read culture began to produce a basic choice of coarse thick thickeed horns ed of the crescent moon perhaps as a religious religined 

and sparsely decorated pots and bowls In purely preopous motif ous Engravings of spirals spiras and suns decorated many monseratively 

practical terms the Horgen Oren potters lowered the center of tersfu- 

sites across the Alps along with primitive depictions of Bogacity 

gravity on their thick-based 

hemians 

thick designs making any of them herm- humans in postures of prayer The Stone Age precursor precurs- 

20 

itically virtually impossible to tip over As a motif of dots outsor of a wishing well wen turned up in Switzerland where anAApreaded pressed into clayware simple pictures of people appeared appearnacin ancient wooden framework once encased a mineral mineraed 

for the first time in Switzerland lizing 

223656 Their diets are rea- spring Sacrificial gifts such as brooches and swords sworpplied 

implied pplied by the kinds ofbones discarded or saved and putpuputpuputpuds had been dropped into it Amulets of animal teeth and untotttott 

to tt use at their villages 90 percent were stag and wilddone bone also seemed popular and hearths often had adocard 

boar Sheep and goats were not slaughtered for their theptions portions of or complete animals buried beneath them 

reat 

55 

meat but instead were milked and shorn m13 The 

The Horgen Borgen people raised megaliths across the Swiss Eventually the Battle-Axe Battle or Corded-Ware Ware Cult- Culture Cult- 

plateau A pierced stone slab known as Souls Soul's Hole can Casure took over from the Horgen Oren arriving from Germ- Germanys Germany's 

ailletillo still be seen at Pierre Percee Pearce Perc Percy e at Courgenay Courage in Cantonanys Rachael and upper Neckar Neck River Valley by to 

7 

ment Bern ment and in southwest Germany the Evident 2500 Its It's most specific calling calking card was awwfa- Heathens Heathen's Stone still stands at Kneaders stat restelfareormedwell-formed well formed perforated hammer-axe hammer thought to be awwate near Sacking caking These clues cues endorse an imperfect but eapon weapon eapon of war They also brought domesticated horses horse- 

intriguing circumstantial link to Celtic stones from tIle the toilthremint into central Europe for the first time 

someesome 1123 2 23 Corded Corded- CourseWaCor- 22 60 

same era in northern France warereded Ware pottery returned to the refined style ofthe th- 

Especially around prehistoric Lake ZZurich rich many eoretical Cortaillod Coralloid period and often showed a decoration of rope 

f 5 

2 7 

many 

F TA 

r 

I 

r N- 

SWITZERL- 

A LAKESHORE VILLAGE IN PREHISTORIC SWITZERLAND 

WHERE FAMILIES HOLIES KEPT DRY AN D WARM PERCHED UPON PILINGS AND BOARDWALKS 

AND 

alks 

Boardw

I k 

I 

nf 

ts- 

BC The Early Earl Early Days Davs Davis on Lake Zurich J10 

1450 C- C 

1450 AD 7 

patterns pressed into the dampened clay 2261 21 61 

Even though they influenced wide parts of central Cen- 

Europe tral withtheir ceramics and tools of wood bone and handicapper 

showed black graphite paint accented with red and handwrite 

white designs Traders carried the popular earthenware earthenware 

as far away as the Mediterraneans copper their only permanent settlements identified so Ha- far Harare 

are to be found at the rebuilt lakeshore villages aro- around arounarounddund Zurich rich 

Pollen analysis shows a dramatic decrease in te- the 

mplate plateaus plateau's dominant elm tree forests and an equ- equally equally 

u Shards of their ceramic work made a thic- tl thick thic- ck clklyaver 

marked increase in a variety of grass pollens It im- 

58 

layer of sediment at W 

Their dead were peregrinated 

cremated and placed singly in the ground beneath round iron- 

2262 22 62 

wood wooden wood barrows Their favored burial mementoes mementoes 

29 

is im- 

possible that the woods were being cleared to promote promoter 

grazing for their cattle a theory reinforced by the large 

numbers of axes and wedges turning up in the herpetological 

u 

included weavers weaver's spindles 

Between and 1500 BC the next outsiders toTtoTtoTmakeamaemakeamaemakeamae make Switzerland their home were metals from the wtheBth- 

7 

heelbasere'll Bell Beaker 

Bell eakerere'll Beaker Culture Along with their fellow hunters hunters 

and cattle breeders these pioneers traveled and explored explor- 

archeological evidence for the period 

A radically new burial style on the Swiss Plateau Plateaus 

suggests that values and traditions at the lakeshore were wherein 

in a state of stress A body was placed alone in fetal extrapolation 

position inside its own stone enclosure Known as affunereal funereal dolmen this was among earliest styles of coed 

in small groups filtering through or lingering with many 

different cultures from the Atlantic to the Adriatic Sea Seater 

Their name derives from the shape of metal and ceramic ceramicists 

vessels they created The wide flaring lip on their thereforempared 

marked graves for ordinary people It often had four or forgive 

five erratic blocks set upright resembling the walls Walls 

of a stone coffin that were topped by one or two tollage 

large cover stones 1832 decorated cups resembled an inverted bell 

Their skill with copper gold and silver quickly 

influenced the lakeside villages but their quest was forfoforfoforfothertethertetherte the best deposits of easily gotten ore Southern Germany Germa- 

the ny Swiss Alps and the Iberian peninsula turned out to be blether 

their favorite sources and at that time the brooks and angstroms 

streams stroms of the Swiss Plateau were particularly rich in 

66 

In the Early Bronze Age between 2000 to 1500 BC Beakerabel 

Beaker craftsmen largely replaced the intensive 

Ben intensive 

labor of hammering They mastered sustained higher hig- 

smelting temperatures through the use of bellows and Anherdrea 

greatly improved methods of metal casting Some Seneschal 

scholars believe that Celtic metals from Portugal Portugal 

brought the secret of bronze along with them tulle since tin in- 

can only be found there or else in Cornwall Coma on the Brit- British British 

Isles or among the Erz Er mountains of Russia By mixi- mixing mixing 

one part tin with nine parts copper the alloys alloy's melt- melting melting 

point lowered the casting properties improved the 

finished metal became harder and held its sharpened sharpe- 

5 0 

ned edge far better 

Men were placed on their left lefties 

side their heads oriented toward the north whol- wl while whol- le laesomewmen 

women rested on their right side headed Sout- south 

hport People rarely reached the age of 60 and only tem- ten tem- 

67 61 

perament percent of all known burials show ages over 

At the end of their era human ashes were buried buried 

inside shaped bell-shaped beakers Without any further clue ofsofofsofofsof- a change in their climate or surroundings the lake cak- 

no Oxewalking 

dwellings were abandoned again 

ford For the next two centuries the Middle Bronze Bronze 

Age ze Swiss farmers fawners headed for hill tops sometimes sometimes 

into mes the shelter of caves Once again burial tombs tombs 

became rare and the dead were cremated and placed pla- 

93 

ced beneath wooden barrows 

Along with the introduction of iron between 1250 

and BC the Late Bronze Age found dwell- dwellings dwellings 

rebuilt once more on the beautiful wind protected bays 

22 99 New houses were built immediately on top of The- the Theodora 

older ruins On Lake ZZurich ric Eric five such villages were 

resurrected on the shores shore's edge beginning feet north North 

of the harbor in Widens Wardens ensile designated as ca- 

A surplus of quality finished goods secured wealth for forte 

them and helped attract commerce and cultural exchange exchange 

to the Swiss Plateau from allover all over Europe 9 Their Th- 

settlement on the istle northern edge ofWardens W ensile called cleverer 

Vorder Order Au dates to 1604 BC An early settlement of 

metalworkers commanded the heights at BOblige Birchen glen 

present-day present Untersiggenthal Intelligential in Canton Argus where wher- 

22 M90Meat 

the Limmat Lima and Aare Aware Rivers intersect 

Bell-Beaker artisans made sickles and knives for elba Bell harvesting grain allowing larger community farms of upto- up uptown 

to 30 acres under cultivation 

camelback 

Melba Albion Hinter Au Vorder Order Au and handshake 

Scheller Sheller dshake Enough pieces have been recovered in recent reenters 

years to restore at least eight of their Bronze Age Algeria 

artifacts Although the pilings are now completely completely 

under water they may have been originally planted on ap- 

9 

eninsula peninsula Some archaeologists argue that thermosetting 

connecting corridors and wooden flooring were not built built 

to hover over the water but only served as a kind ofdry dartboard 

boardwalk rtboard along the shore 

At least some of the prehistoric Swiss however 

36 howed 

Every member stil- still stillbirth 

pitched in for the final threshing ofgrain which wl ch was 

accomplished with wooden flails Traces of ground grain grain 

mush have been found that were baked baled flat like a pita pica picpillpicturedared bread tured on circular clay day plates Pottery from tl thi s era ofte- often 

appreciated the added privacy security and defe- defensive defensive 

advantage guaranteed by surrounding their homes Whit- with Whitewater 

water Several island villages on Lake Zurich rich were worsted 

steadily reoccupied such as Schneider Chastened 

Sch Such newer Island Isl- 

offshore from Richterswil Richter or northward where Saffa Sofa 

and 

A

8 Apart Avatar From the World 

Orla- 

ndo and the Little and Big Hafner Shafer Islands sit beside He- the Helmut 

mouth of the Limmat Lima River 

Swiss sword made completely of 

8 38 20 

At Richterswil Richter the tulle evidence includes a nicely tape- tapered tapered 

lance and two variations of a Bronze Age axe 

Their metalwork frequently showed designs that thatching 

hint at their taller religious beliefs The sun predominated 

19 9 Theater 

Late Bronze Age village of cohunes Haumesser Harnesser should also rebe re- 

viewed as an island settlement since it is not clear that a 

1500 foot stretch of dry ground could have ever over- 

often epressed expressed pressed as wheels or spinning summing geometric discs 

but the crescent descent moon was also favored on antip- many antipersonnel 

personal ornaments The most popular poplar animal 

representations were horses and cl- no llO an- 

20 

corrected connected it to the shore othierother Their spiritual world shared many traits in common comm- 

The highly refined reefed metalwork from Tom this era hason with theologies throughout the ages Mother Earth Eart- Earth 

tened turned up plentifully at Canton Zug Ugh around the village oof 

ohman named Freya Frey represented goodness and reb- rbi rebirth 

Sump and at several sites around ffs 

Zurich At alyl- 

marking her cycles by the moon irth 

Her role was much the threakeside 

lakeside village comforting fM of Morgan rigen reign in Canton OJ3 Bern sophistic- 

sophisticated sophisticesome same as the Egyptians goddess Isis or theRom- Romans 

ated metal workshops were found with fully full- appointed appoinans Venus Most of the strength of Sky God was credited tot- 

hearths tedt- 

molds and casting foundries Bronze to- tools totowed 

Wodan Woodman although he shared a trinity of power with ThorThThorThThorThluene underwent innovation and diversification formal final anvils anandornandornandorn and Tiu Titus They very closely matched the archetypes of d- 

appeared for the vils first time felling fleshing axes wing goose goosingeozes Zeus Mercury and Vulcan and represented destruction destructiseing 

hewing 2 

axes Les adzes chisels hammers hooks harpoons harpoon the sun fire lightning and thunder 

ons knives razors saws and sickles At first iron was One of the oldest stories among these people was ofsoofsoofso- considered difficult to work with and was not exploit- exploited afaafaafa 

a beloved god named Bald To ward off every dang- danger 

ed for its strewn strength but was more often used as a small maler on the face of the earth an oath was forced upon water watecontent 

contrasting inlay on decorated bronze Of considerable considerier fire fue stones beasts birds worms and plants that none of orable 

historical importance though Morgan held lied the oldes- oldest oldeften them should cause Bald to be harmed One little littered 

seedling was excused from the pledge because he was so shooing 

young Eventually Bald died wed anyway The earth had adept 

kept ept its pledge adept and wept for him but his soul went to olive 

live in the mighty oak the Tree of Life that hed- had hedgerow 

grown up from the seedling 

tst 

11 n w Burial grounds have 

veha- 

been found north and east of the Rhine where fallen 

llenfa- 

Germans were entombed within llenfa- 

hollow trees honoring honoring 

the memory kobold ofBald 

f a 

Up where the sky meets the earth other gods chose housewife 

different sewife trees veiling themselves telesales high among the thrusting 

rustling usting leaves Certain groves in the forest were terrestrially 

especially sacred When the hunter ha had her stag and anth- 

n 

r 

H I 

1 4 t 1I Kist r1 

em the shepherd had his lamb Iamb they laid it before a tree han- and handspike 

spoke their thanks With the greatest affection skulls skulls 

from lls every kind kindof creature were hung in itsbranc- branches 

hes along with the breastbones overarch of each bird eaten as a wish wiwish for sh good luck Some offerings asked forgiveness ofabababsinasinsinasinsinasin 

sin or sought advice on the future 

For prayer they would meet in the woods link inlands 

hands around a tree and make a circle dance Aththe 

steelloingvedoringelloingh- 

welcoming of spring bonfires were made out of trees restart 

that had died during the winter and flowers of the fiel- field fielder 

were thrown into the flame flamen flameII 11 1 

A BRONZE AGE SPEAR HEAD AXE 

RECOVERED FROM RICHTERSWIL RICHTER 

413 

If the ancient Germans Hennas found anyone who dared toupee 

peel the bark from tom a standing tree the culprits culprit's navel nav- 

was to be el cut out and nailed to the part of the tree which which 

he had peeled peele and he was to be driven round and roundh- round roundhead 

the tree till all ail his guts were wound about its trunk The Hesitation 

intention of the punishment clearly was to replace thre- the threaded 

dead bark by a living substitute taken from the violator violatorit 

was a life for a life the life of a man for the life of att- 30 ree tree la 

Lawrence 

Whenever blancmange 

land changed hands the last owner had

The athe The Early Days on Lake Zurich rich 10 B C- C 1450 AD 9 

to be given a bough covered with fruit fugit from that place- a different mystical icon from their oral tradition InII- At mat harvest time every individual showed their gratitude gratitnter their traditional order the figures translated as wealth weude 

with small sacrifice Down to the present day ins- in- 

vitality alth the demon god ride torch gift joy hail needpeaking 

German-speaking speaking 

ier 

German lands five fare or six apples may be found fon- ice year yew tree dance no sun Tin Tiu Titus birch twig Whitdle 

left hanging on each tree so that the next crop will WilWehorse horse man lake fertility day and possession 1 

tshireiltshire thrive 

The very name Rune came out of ancient Gothic Gothic 

and German Gennan words that mean a secret or a mystery mys- 

Phonetic tery values eventually made them into 24 

The Iron Age AgMa- characters called the Further Runic alphabet named for farther 

their first six sounds The trouble that Germans Hennas would outdogee 

HE FRUIT OF THE FIRST IRON AGE SUCH AS 

eTentWa- WAS ing long have distinguishing the letters D and T can be re- 

THE T fers first unearthed at Hallstatt Halls southeast of Salzburg Salz- traced to a later version of the runes which only haveburg 

Austria filled the next three centuries In B C accned one character for both 

limatic 

18 g 

AThe Bathe A1 

The angular design desig- 

climatic crisis in Switzerland raised the water levels lovesnate came unavoidably from their method of writing a sharp sarabome 

some 20 feet enough to swamp amp the shore villages along aloande blade put to wood stone or metal 

ng Lake ZZurich rich The disaster even reached further down the ut- Scholars have argued inconclusively whether weatherine 

Rhine erine River Valley Yaney into the region of Alsace and the tieerman ancient Runes evolved into the Greek Phoenician and Anback 

Black back Forest dersen Etruscan dersen alphabets or if it was the other way around arou- 

When people began settling away from the lakeshore lakeshnd One scenario pinpointed the Alps as cradle to every overore 

they built their log houses in a row The most important importat- written languages among Celts Germans andanant- and antions 

ones measured 16 x 20 feet but the more common were weirdoes 

designed as 8 or 10 foot 10 foot squares They were usually 

positioned on a slope and made level with pilings just assassass- had been used over thew 

Between to BC local chieftains who could 

control trade routes and mining centers rose to 

importance The wealth prestige and powers they teammate 

amassed were proven by the size and quality of their hereunder 

funeral under treasure troves and included many shades offering 

foreign trend and 

Ils Ills 

Wine casks bearing the tie- 

and 

back Black Greek image circulated around Lake Zurich Zu- rich ricrichhest 

between to BC 

The dead were now less and less likely to be recreated 

cremated Both men and women were fond of personal pers- 

ornaments with most men wearing one or two bracelets 

onalbracelets 

several fibulae and occasionally a ring Fibulae were ironer 

or bronze brooches some looking more like fanciful fanciful 

safety pins that were used for hooking all their helicopters 

clothes 

Men liked sheathed iron swords and spears to be re- 

J 

buried beside them although knives and battle axes 

fouTee- 

seldom were 22 w No warriors graves have been found 

ndthes 

that contain helmets or shields made of metal These 

items may have been made out of leather andwood lancewood and woodchuck 

which witchingly simply disintegrated over time or perhaps these 

eseth- 22 

weren't wanted in the afterlife Even though it had chapfallen 

fallen out effusion of fashion in Germany by the 6 h Century BC 

chieftains of the Swiss Plateau chose burial in large 

underground wooden vaults complete with their tetragons 

wagons agons hooked up to a team of mannequin 

Germ- 

At around B C samples of the He ancient Germanic 

anic writing called Runes were made that have survived to toothiest 

this day As far back as the Bronze Age similar marks markswomen 

were intended as very abstract pictograms each recallin- recalling 

ic 

i 

if k 

hem THE TREE OF LIFE- LIFE LIFE- 

SAVER SPARED FROM AN OATH FOR BALDRBaldri- BALD 

aa- 

b- 

aa 

av 

j 

v 

I 

i 

d 

1 

1i 

1

w10 Apart Guardroom From the World Wor- 

khorse Norsemen 

ntrants 

ree- 

cons- 

is Some of the earliest examples have been priest ofthe community if the lots are consulted 

translated as genealogies poems and requests made totulted publicly or t- 

the father of the family if it is done cons- 

1 

ote the Old Germanic gods ervatory privately after invoking the gods with eyes raised tott- In his early account called Germania Germanic the Roman Romhecae heaven heave hecae picks up three pieces one at a time and ananist 

historian Tacitus Tacit described written Teutonic runes and anointer interprets them according to the signs previously previojmther 

their spiritual use in reading the future uslyarked marked upon them 2619 

1 

To the casting of lots they pay more attention than Tam- Mediterranean writing eventually overtook the othmany 

any many other people Their method is a simple one they erness runes although th- speaking German ey 

people widely widelyk 

cut a branch from a fruit-bearing tree and divide it into fruit binbino- continued to decorate their most solemn works this way dayomialmially 

small smaIl pieces which they mark with certain distinctive distinclong along with their crafts and jewelry charms for another 

8 

tive signs and scatter at random onto a white cloth Then the 1800 years 

f 

r- - 

kM r 

y- 

v f- ar armor mar 1 

r r i 

n 

k-C 

1 r 

It rJ Shasta SAC 

1 

k- u 

rriestmuraa 

11 

1 

IkutKi- S 

fI- 

1 

i 

Aare 

yr- 

r- 

J i r t i 

1 A y J 

I I rt- 

eary 

r 

vy Ivy Iv- 

t 

F 

t 

yf 

z 1 

00 

EARLY GERMANS AND THEIR MOST SOLEMN WORKS WORKSH- 

EET THE FUNERAL OF A WARRIOR A SWISS RUIN STONE A GOLDEN RING RECOVERED FROM AN IRON AGE BURIAL SITE Slimier 

Sta- 

1

V 

BC 

The ers 

Early Days on Lake Zurich 1450 AD 11 

Swiss Chieftains made partnerships with the outs- outside outs- return ptly them all ail together into a huge pit 18 The- They Theide 

world likely starting off with Etruscan traders Th- The Thcae made a similar dumping of spears swords snorts and armor inesis 

Swiss probably wanted salt since none of their own dowtake Lake Geneva Whether or not the tile Helvetica priestesses priestniness 

mines still hidden deep in the mountains had yet been esses foresaw and warned of the coming reversal intheir the- 

discovered The trade also included metalwork cattle attenreforeay fortunes a Roman general named Marius Maoris beat them in aadfdees hides 

sthiscros- 

cheese and the occasional slave ffordour four day battle atProvence Be BC Bic- B.- 

Within just two generations of bottlers pollinati- pollination orn cross C. For one last stab enin 

at the Romans in northern Italy 

ons Swiss decorative arts made a giant leap into the Decond- Second Decondition 

Iron Age or La Tene Tenet T ne named for a village on Lake Blacken 

Much Neuchatel Neufchatel tel where such artifacts were first characteri- 

characterized 

zed The northern Germanic and Celtic peoples also became 

49 

permanently involved with Mediterranean culture 

The Iron Age peaked with the onset of the Historical Historical 

Age and the arrival of the Roman armies Further Celtic Elim- 

migrations were about to remake the ethnic map of 

inations 

The Road toRo- Rome- Ome- Rome 

me N THE NECKAR NECK VALLEY AND BLACK FOREST OF 

IN I southwestern Germany lived a Celtic nation called called 

the Helvetica Two of their tribes the Teutonic and the r 1 

Figurine became infamous during expeditions th- the tulle allth- exinto 

ereinergenicerein French territories of Provence and Quittance in Ba- B.- BC 

n 

The neighboring Cimbri Cambric nation soon joined them 

C. 

the 

At each turn Roman record keepers described the 

Helvetica willingness to stop fighting in exchange for borderland 

farmland where they could settle Negotiation began 

farmland 

an 

beg- 

2431 

each time amid great expectations always 

deteriorated into Roman exbut 

refusals and stalemate 

The new enemies to the north were further describ- described described 

by Tacitus Tacit 

The peoples of Germany are not contaminated by 

intermarriage withholder with other tribes but have remained a race 

peculiar pure bred and unique This accounts laccolite for their hemispherical 

physical type which in spite of their numbers issunnier universally the same They have fierce blue eyes gold- golden golden 

hair and large frames only capable of sudden effort 

s iso 

Every jaggy mother suckles her own children Alden and doe- does doesn't 

not deliver them into the hands of nurses Hospital- Hospitality Hospitality 

and convivial pleasure are nowhere so liberally enjoyed 

2148 1148 

Two years later at Garonne Garner near Agen Hagen they Riley smashed smasheda 

Roman army anny and killed its commander the ilie Roman Romances 

consul Lucius Luscious Cassius Cassias Longinus Logins Two more Drome- Roman RomDromedariesaniandaries armies armories totaling men fell before Barnburners Ambones tel- the telemetric 

Helvetica commander at Orange 

After the battle Roman prisoners were brought for 

sacrifice before white-robed Helvetica white priestesses Forced Forcedto 

lean over a cauldron one by one the legionnaires legionnaires 

throats were slashed so that the swirling streams of bloodhound 

could be interpreted for omens To celebrate terr- their taller territory 

victory the Helvetica forces would thank Mother Mollier Earth forfoforfoforfothertethertetherte the use of their bronze and iron weapons and promptly prom- 

3 

ILL WILL 

HELVETICA HEL ELVATIC PRIESTESSES 

READING THE BLOOD OF THEIR TIER ROMAN PRISONERS 

ESSES 

rW- 

PRIEST- 

Prison

12 Apart Guardroom From the World World 

the front line ofHelve Helvetica tic fighters were chained together togeth- submit the Barbarian Germani Germanic in the east 

er 

2344 1341 

ato 

at the waist making one and all althea 

the only possible outcome Romans poured through thehemthehemthehem- thefor 

line at Vercelli Overcall only to reach the Swiss camp where here- 

Civilizing the Pagans Paganunder 

hundreds of women were killing the weak the elderly elderly 

their own children and themselves in order to avoid sN 

TOP OF THE HELVETICA Helve WHO LINGERED NEAR 

ON 0 

Ne- 

imprisonment and slavery Lake Zurich al rich came another infusion of people peo- 

Despite these chilling attempts Romans hauled away ple from the Germanic north An alliance of tribes know- known 

Teutonic slaves from the battlefield In Rome thenas the Alemanni Aldermanic had been gathering along the Rhine Rhinelater 

term Germani German was first applied to prisoners from Ro- and first came to notice by AD in battles around aromano 

among the fue Helvetica after the great slave uprising led by und Mainz und The Alemanni Aldermanic further solidified the southern south- 

Spartacus Sparta in 7373 71 ern and Andersen western borders that have defined Germany ever severance 

since In number they fuey were second only to the Franks Prank- 

58 

For 50 years the surviving Shelved Helvetica lived in relative relatster their principle rivals 

peace across ive the Swiss Plateau building some 12 townsTownstownsTownstownsTowns- Because their military efforts always came from allandendandend and end villages reestablishing commerce and turning turnioose loose alliance Aldermanic land could only be described describng 

the area around Zurich rich into a center for the minting of oted as a confederation of individual domains More than 

her their own gold coins 11 M Caesar sar sari estimated their ther- 

years would pass before one king long would develop accmoplastic population at but he might have been trying to tientralized centralized power over them Before King Clovis ofthe ternplate 

inflate the size and importance of his enemy rains Franks began a crucial battle with the Alemanni Aldermanic in 

Divico Divisor one of the senior Helvetica leaders persuaded persuad- AD he vowed that he would convert totted his people to pack up for a mass migration to the Rh Rhone Fron- ne Nouchiest Christianity ouchiest if his prayers for victory were granted 

tallyWhgraneville 

Valley in Gallic France So that no one especially Hthe 

Hented When Clovis was baptized baptize thousands tellurians of Germ- Germanic Germerman 

Romans could profit from their exodus everything that tatthatc- 2 66 

Hatanic chieftains followed his example 

tlehedtie the tulle Helvetica couldn't move was burned to the ground grou- 

As the Alemanni Aldermanic moved south and west into 

Even nd though their movements were slow well we- known Wilkinsknow- Switzerland they tally met yet another Germanic tribe the 

onllnand not war-like war Caesar 

suming 

Cassar sar sari stopped the Swiss from crossing crossi- Burundians These people had recently arrived from franng 

out of the mountains at Geneva The best Figurine kfurter further east around Worms and Ibersheim 

739 

fighters were crushed along the right bank of the Rh Rhone Homne- As the whole Roman Empire turned to Christianity Christiaelierrvier 

River at Sa Saone Sane ne and the rest ofthe population was nity more ways were sought for fot converting all remaining remairemai- vanquished after they turned north at Vibrate near narrning pagans Since Scripture offered no clue as to exactly exaating 

Autun Autumn From then on their country county was occupied and anthctly when the tulle birth of Jesus should bolstered be observed each year earem 

the em surviving Helvetica were called confederates of Rome thy they chose to take over celebrations of the Winter Interp- 

l22 w16 The r g formulae 

formal final name of Switzerland today remains The olative Solstice already enjoyed by the Germans and other dott- 

Confederation Helvetica often designated by its initials initierels Celts It had long been the pagans End of the Year Teatals 

CH ime time ime the harvest was over and the hard work was done sonn- 

Caesars Caesar's sars sar's most enduring mark on Europe was the teeteer beer and wine were fully fermented and meat was fresh freaberry 

arbitrary line he drew along the Rhine and the sober sh from slaughter Rome announced that December 

compromise of his ambition that at it symbolized He E- would mark the Saviors Savior's Nativity only to guarantee adifice 

divided a single Celtic people into those in the west he bedmissive massive dmissive observance The split personality of Christmas Christma- 

thought Rome could control from those who would not ses was ensured ever after and all of the extravagance extravag- 

e 

ance feasting revelry and tree worship never changed 

Richterswil Richter seems to have been founded in the year 

The oldest surviving writing from that region was wasTe 

The Life of Saint Meinrad Medina begun in AD just jussive 

seven miles to the tulle southeast at Einsiedeln Ensiled At that time 

9 

Switzerland was a province in the Holy Roman Empire 

pireEm- 

under King Ludwig 

Meinrad Medina had Aldermanic parents who were born bom in isotherm 

southern Germany at the time of Charlemagne Sincerely 

they didn't have much money Meinrad Medina was sent to accloister cloister school at Reichenau Richen where a monk turned the theothe- Swiss GOLD COIN- COINS COIN- 

logyory boy oozy ory toward the priesthood He joined the Benedictine Benedic- 

SURING DURING THE ROMAN Reas- ERA tine Order but eventually moved into to the tile southern Lake

I 

The Early Earl Ea Y Days Day Davs Davis on Lake Zurich 10 BC 1450 AD 13 

C1450 

Zurich rich area for a life of solitude poverty and prayer or for sick and exhausted Christian pilg- pilgrims 

Two men decided that since Meinrad Medina appeared to be- Charlemagne repeated this philanthropy in 

rims 

holding secrets that he would not share with anyone they Merchants from the Italian port of 

eyth- 

oatmeal Amalfi Amelia dedicated at- 

would kill him Meinrad Medina asked those who had come toravelers travelers traveler's inn and hospital in Jerusalem to St 

s- 

St John thensure 

murder him to leave his corpse in a certain spot and put outrapist Baptist during 1071 The mission was not only selfsusdonetainingelf one candle at his feet andone undone and one at his head The Te- 

sustaining but steadily expanding when Gerhard its miarjerkers 

murderers started to fulfill his final request but were persfires 

first formal director died in 1120 

suade suddenly attacked by ravens who had once been fed bbybb- 

Over the next 40 years Director Raymund Raymond du Puy Puny 

emired Meinrad Medina As the men ran away they saw that the he- 

succeeded at a delicate balancing act making theadless 

candles burst into flame on their own The ruckus raised rais- self osophical hospital not only self-governing but fully accredited accredied 

by thebirds alerted nearby villagers who bo came to look ted with Rome which authorized them exclusive rights tott- The candle by the head of Meinrad Medina burned low ploote 

the red banner with a white cross on it Over the next wmenex- 

enough to ignite the straw matte draped over him and the thtent century tent the Order of St John first wore black tunics Tuniseir 

fire roared up After seeing the body close up the preop- people preopian and mantles in concert with the Order of St 81 Augustine Augerative 

realized that the hermit henbit had been murdered and so went den- emblazoned ustine with a plain white Christian cross By 

tate after tate the two strangers Promptly taken prisoner they he- 1259 their trademark turned into a red surfboat with the 

wer were sentenced by Count Adalbert Adler and repaid with the threeightointedeight pointed eight Maltese cross 

esome 

staked nJnsame 

fate both being burned at the In the most novel roll for a hospital Raymund Raymond du du- du- du- du- du- du- 

On the exact spot by Lake Sikh where Meinrad Medina was as- Puy mpy Puy mpy Puy Puny Puy mpy also volunteered to take on military tasks for the teunder 

murdered under a community of other monks gathered that thaacher church against Moslems in Jerusalem Between 1136 

ws was named Einsiedeln Ensiled By it became a Benedictine Bened- and 1142 the order received several key fortresses as ageistsictine 

monastery and turned into a significant political fore- force fore- gifts finally including the sprawling Krak Krakow dewent 

when Otto I granted it imperialist 

imperial status ceivable Chevaliers With its garrison and staff of 2000 Krak Krakow 

became the headquarters of the Hospitable Knights Knights 

during its 30 years of domination over Syria 7313 nt 

Knights of God More and more the brothers were recruited out of overtopped 

European ertopped aristocracy According to their native na- 

HRISTIAN 

CHRISTIAN EUROPE HAD LONG CRAVED A CLOSE- CLOSER Coer- language the knights were organized into tiveLei- 

eight 

CHRISTIAN 

R cion union with land of Jesus In Pope Gregory Gregghton Tongues German Gennan was one of the last to be added 

ory sent ory an abbot to Jerusalem with orders to setup set up a hospit- hospital because the largest influx ofGreasepai- 

German-speaking 

NSON 

al kill ki- 

FOUNDER RAYMUND 

RAYMOND DU PUY 

L ra y Q 

HE 

r 

ller rIt Britriotere 

erra rr 

L 

ti Ti- 

r rat 

oe 

JOH- 

THE HOSPITABLE KNIGHTS OF THE ORDER OF ST JOHN 

THE MALTESE CROSS TIlE THE KRAK 

PLUMY WEARING TIlE 

speaking 

1 

rT- 

hhph- 1142 

KRAKOW DE CHEVALIERS HEADQUARTERS 1272 

1 

jf- 

jJ 

J

14 Apart From the World 

URMOUNTING 

SURMOUNTING THE FORTRESS WALL OF A MOSLEM STRONGHOLD AT ACRE DURING THE CRUSADES 

ADES 

GERMANIC KNIGHTS FROM THE ORDER OF ST JOHN HELD THE TOWN FROM 1291 1190 

r- S- 

I 

CRUS-

ITheEarly 

LitheThe 

dI 

another 

BC 

Earl Days Davs Davis on Lake Zurich Iliac rich 10 BC 1450 AD 15 

crusaders did not come until 1146 4 27 RITd 

Together with the he- Swiss Germans as bosh d On the western side sidadlights 

Knights of the Templar the Order of the Knights of St St- Seeof this brook a gravel bank became the base for stone 

dbosh 

John eton John formed the military backbone of the Christian war Ar- megaliths of monumental scale and unknown age By 

abians against the Moslems Eventually the Hospitable Hospi- 

1130 they were built up with stone blocks of up to six 

table Knights built or took over more than 50 stout castles cubic fee feet making the sided five-sided western tower the he- 

9 87 

throughout the Middle East Pope Eugen Engen III HI gave hisadiest oldest part of Wardens ensile Castle 

torical official torical blessing to the brotherhood in 1153 Many in Europe especially those knights returning return- 

In 1158 Christian forces took on the Egyptian Egying from the Crusades felt castles should be prepared as addptian Campaign following the Second Crusade Five hundred hundreundercefense defense in case of an invasion by Moslem armies annies AtBaAtBaAtBaounted mounted Knights of St John led 1000 squires and an- the base of the Widens Wardens ensile tower the stone walls 

11 

dante Triple foot soldiers into the invasioninvasi fluctuated between 12 10 feet in thickness Within the 

oncheayrishing 

rising walls swans at least three distinct floors divided up the h- 

The first headquarters of the Order of St 81 John inderesies residential quarters an armory and positions foricremented 

present mpressedmulator 

day Switzerland was established in 1180 at Lake Blac- military defense To increase their security a ditch dikbuck 

Buch Burch kbuck near Bern tches 

29 28 When Moslem armies annies under Sultan Sul- measuring 35 feet across and nine feet deep was cut ultrtana 

Saladin Aladdin drove out the crusaders in 1187 the Hospital ofasound around the base of the gravel bank and a wooden wood- 

26 

ten the Order of St 81 John closed in Jerusalem Five years earenware stairway was built across it to reach the second towers tower's towlier 

later a knight from Toggenburg Toggle named Diethelm ers 

Dithering Dehum- 

main entrance 

anized managed to get back unharmed to Switzerland and wasasswasasswasass- A chapel was added onto the outside wall facing the Stchsoocsoocsooc so grateful that he made a gift of his yard and chapel aaat ellaelae lake lale elae and was eventually filled riled with two altars one toblutionastnsil 

Bubikon Bunion to the Order Erecting quarters there for the th- St John the Baptist and the other to St S1 George It was- 

28 

eirs first eirs commander Master Burkhard Bernhard began in 1217 sails also sails appointed with a crystal cross four tapestries ass- Around 1172 a knight named Walter von voilver 

silver ilver reliquary in the shape of a foot four relic-boxes relic n 

of sof- 

Hleaner Hindenberg who was loyal to the Freemen oftwood 

wood ten books of various sizes a missive on large 

freshen 

Eschenbach Schema came to 10 court the daughter of a freeman free- parchment a silver cup and a bronze bowl 

tman 

from man Widens Wardens ensile Through marriage he inherited the thr- 

Walls of four to five feet in thickness formed the 

ower tower on Reid Brook and became Walter WaIter Iof of Wardens Warde- ensile densithere irregular four sides of the second tower which was waies 

His ns son RudolfII and grandson Rudolf III in carried on thehemthehemthehemyside added considerably later An enclosed wooden walkway walklinewaywalk- 

line for over a century cent 

formed a bridge between the two towers and crossed crossed 

directly over the water well dug in the bottom of theistic 

ditch Its It's bucket could be drawn directly up to the her- 

ss 

The Castle at WAdhesively WardAdhesivel- vil- widen- dens denniated 

private quarters of the Baron and his 88s- wife 

In early writings the castle often appeared as SyT 

T enssitys THE NEXT WELCOMING SPOT ON THE SHOREF- 

OF F- wedish W disc I even though 

Lake 

lOugh plough the preferred pronunciation pronunc- 

AT 

iation 

AJL Lake Zurich rich south coherent of Horgen Oren appeared a wooded woo- eventually became Vey Ye 

ded 

Trey veel denz 

ravine carved out by theReid pronounced The ath 

by In 1265 the signature Uxorious peanuts de- de 

1 

1 anun nun p 

13 AA 

J I 

r E 

word TWO OVERHEAD VIEWS OF THE CASTLE TV AT VWARDENS ENSILE AS IT APPEARED BETWEEN 1557 1450 

THE TOWER AT RIGHT DATES TO THE REIGN OF WALTER I IN 1130 

i 

1

Rvile Cichlids 


chiseled appeared the Latin translation poultice ofUlrich contingent of crusaders in the Holy Land The Council- 

priest Richterswil Richter 

of This Tills is not only the oldest written wrior of Zurich rich had made virtually no contact with witswitten example of the name Richterswil Richter but it also certifies the Thtchblades Wardens ensile since 1218 and was spending every extra- 

76 16 

heresa presence heresa of a 

This llis little chapel dated maritalba- back ba- mark it had on fortifying the city's city stone walls Th- The Tecker 

perhaps cker to 1230 and was certainly a seat of the Baron BaerapistrumoronBa- Fraum Frau Frequenter uster buster Abbey was not about to buy Wardens ensile desic- 

Rudolfof ofWardens ensile 

cate 

who also held the fief of Castle since their heavy renovation debts over the last 

neighboring Richterswil Richter 30 years had just forced them to sell their mill at nearby nea- 

Rudolfs RudoWs personal coat of arms a silvery rectangular rectangrby Horgen Oren 

ular clasp tilted as a diamond diamon set upon a sl shield eld geld ofblack or fo- Although the knightly Order of St S1 John had no nonrefeet 

deepest midnight blue appeared as the official designat- designator traditional tradition of influence or jurisdiction at Widens Wardens W ensile the- they theor 

for both bOll villages although later Richterswil's Richterswils leading leadsis said sis yes and traveled from their headquarters at aing 

noble families put forward a gold shield bisected by awwblutionunion Bubikon Bunion to Rudolf Rudolfs Rudolf s tree garden on 17 July 128729 

ide 

30 

wide red vertical stripe called a post Also in attendance were the Bishop of Constance 

No description of the Richterswil's Richter first church has assas- Brother Beringer Bringer representing the Lord Colonels of the heuasivesertive 

survived but in the tradition of the times it would have harderveha- Order of St John in the German Gennan Lands Earl Ludwig LudwIndi- been small simple and rustic A short steeple woul- would wouliggo von Homberg Homburg local officials from Bubikon Bunion and Rud- Rudolf Rudd've 

have served for the tower and a simple rectangular choir choolf along olf with his daughters sandstones 

andsons in sons 29 2 

roids would have resembled something like the bow ofa sofa of a ship An understanding of the price law had originally origi- 

Presumably Sir Rudolf III had the church built ant- and antnally amounted to pounds of silver in five payments ov- of ovhem 

then donated it to the townspeople although he recerlying 

varying size equivalent to silver marks On the thonstituted 

continued to exercise his Patrons Patron's Rights Lady Anna Aneatre large vellum document festooned by eight wax seals sena 

von Burgle Bugle the first wife of Rudolf III donated north- more northals with red and yellow ribbons the payment was correct- corrected 

land than 30 valuable relics associated with Saint Martin to be ed in Latin to silver marks of which Rudolf 

nW- 

safeguarded at the church 

acknowledged receipt for the payment of his debts 

ith With Whitehorse 

btsde- 

more value and power than any of the spices fo- or fo- Rudolf would be allowed to remain in the castle puncti- until punctirgo 

gold brought back from the Crusades relics purportedly purportelios his lios death and both he and his wife would receive assdly came from om the bodies of saints or had been saved from frothcheduled scheduled cheduled allowance of food drink and seed to support supped 

the life and death of Jesus and the Apostles Instead of ort them 29 2922 

worrying about the commandment to not worship graven rave- On 1 December 1300 immediately upon the death deaning 

images ning church leaders held that adoration of the saints saith of the tulle Rudolf the land around Reid Brook became becntsamebec- 

was natural and that pictures and relics should bbebb- 

known as the Komturei Kimura or the Wardens W ensile Estates of the 

andied admired if it led to a worship of God J mIII W2 

Comrade 

Commander the Knights of the Order of St John Johanhen 

When the faithful from Canton Zug Ugh found out that harsson Also known as the Hospitable Knights Hospitable Knights and later as the heelips 

relics from Saint Oswald Sward could be brought to them ferro- from ferroadlights Knights of Malta they were the perfect embodiment ofmanganese 

England they spent the next exit 33 years building a church churten the warrior the state and the church rolled droned into one 

ch just to showcase the items Many thousands made the institution 

pilgrimage to the tulle Benedictine cloister at Einsiedeln Ensiled just gus- During the Crusades they had started off as mamm- 

to see the relics kept there On 10 November 1348 onastic monastic order that erected hospitals on the frontiers ofof t 

ontingent 

thieves caves stole many of the precious items but the outrage outra- Christianity especially in the Holy Land Land- sBge 

of the Swiss people was so strong that everything everyng was eginning Beginning in 1310 13 0 their early roll call included rarr- 

11 

quickly returned epresentative 

representative from Bubikon Bunion Bubikon Bunion Friedrich Frederic of Stiffen 

The canton of Schwyz Schwarz fought over Einsiedeln Ensiled with- along with the Brothers Heinrich Heimlich of Sulz Saul Heinrich Heimlich of 

held the Austrians in o1315 and took it over from Rome in Marquart Marquette and Niklaus Nicolas Brechter Belcher It is not clear that cacc- 

1424 14 24 Ulrich Zwingli Wigglier became one of the more celebrated celebomplete complete list of all the monks at Widens Wardens W densities were everrated 

graduates of their seminary The buildings burned down downtoglade made but in keeping with the size of similar intercown 

on many occasions before a lavish make over in the early mmunicates 

communities it probably fluctuated between six and dadd- 

18 Century turned Einsiedeln Ensiled into one of Europe's Europe Europeaozen dozen Besides those dedicated strictly to the th- 

finest nizes baroque buildings 

ereto priesthood the order houses often keptknight brothers 

tknighbrothersin 

residence toeI enforce orce force order and defend the Connie communityty 

Rudolf Ill III without a male heir but with four princely prin- The monks of the Wardens ensile Estate enjoyed acccely dowries downes to provide for his daughters ended the dynastic dynaomfortable coil comfortable omfortable portable but rather quiet and secluded life Each Archstic 

reign of his grandfather Other powerful powe power institutions inpriesttheterthetertheter the area were not in a position to exploit his desperate ommunity community continuity A loaf ofbread had to be delivered to the 

peratedesth- circumstance The cloister at Einsiedeln Ensiled had spent atteater castle for each monk or knight every day and special speenth 

tenth of its resources between 1275 and 1280 paying for cac- 

black bread came twice a week 

priest there received support through turns taken by the l tc- 

cial 

IB

The Early Earl Days Davs Davis on Lake Zurich rich B C 1450 AD 17 

In turn the Order had responsibilities and services tottopper perform opper Any traveling official from the council at at- Kas- Ztz 

atiric Zurich atiric rich was entitled to show up at the castle and get full 

hospitality free board and lodging The monks were 

expected to serenade the area children Alden at Easter and ands 

supply them tulle with sweet cakes Another annual festival festival 

at the monastery commemorated in song the fathers and sandstones 

sons from Richterswil Richter and Wardens ensile killed in 1315 atbaatbaatba- the Battle ofMorgarten Margate Margaret en Besides the monastery the herder 

Order at Widens Wardens ensile also maintained a hospital and candelabra 

welfare services for the poor 

Otherwise the earthly service at Wardens ensile seldom seldom 

made it into the Orders Order's records The size of their thermometers 

monastery's monastery surrounding farmland steadily increased increased 

alliance owls of ten in 1291 the core ofwhat whatever 

eventually became the highly independent Swiss 

Confederation 

In 1315 the revolution against oppressive rule from frothfrontedier the Austrian Hapsburg family first broke out at the televised 

Einsiedeln Ensiled levised monastery A force of ordinary citizens citizensciti- 

plundered the imperial outpost drawing a response of 

2000 mounted Austrian knights under the command offlood Leopold Leopoldville I and the backup of foot soldiers soldiers 

A meager force of 1300 Swiss including the men from dromedary 

nearby Wardens Walden ensile and Richterswil Richter were cut off from rom- 

any further support from the other cantons 

The Austrian column tried to attack through the theocrat 

Morgarten Margate Pass near the village ofChaste but 

every time they appeared in estate bequests of their God God- Orderingbunter 

were halted by a stubborn guard ofShyer The back- 

fearing congregation in 1316 1332 1347 1366 and 

1373 Many records and artifacts from the Order of St St- S- 

John eton John have been maintained down to the present day at Father 

29 

bacbackbacbackbacofkofkofkof the Austrian army pressed forward into the bottleneck bottleneck 

but soon the whole mass became disorderly and 

paralyzed From the steep hills on either side rocks rocks 

3 their museum in Bubikon Bunion 

The TheftFight for Home Rule Rue Rum- 

began to pour down on the confined horsemen 

followed followed 

by the Swiss with their halberds and battle axes Some 

2000 Austrians maiI mail mainlyY knights were slaughtered slaughtered 

while the Swiss losses were relatively minor rs retenlliance 

7 

TURING THE 13 CENTURY SWITZERLAND Wo- 

oring 

WOKE sin In 1351 Zurich rich joined the Swiss Confederation 

DURING 

Confederake 

up again to a desire for political liberty The Thrtions started tions by the forest cantons of Schwyz Schwarz Uri and adonged 

rugged mountaineers started their rebellion with ththethef- the Unterwalden Unutterable 60 years earlier In the evolution of 

esis WISS 

ulterate 

tf- 

i t ti t 

1 

yam 

t 

f a 

SWISS FIGHTERS RUSH ACROSS THE BACK OF THEIR FALLEN COMRADE ARNOLD VON WINERIES 

AFTER HE EMBRACED ENEMY SPEARS DURING A STALEMATE IN THE CRUCIAL BATTLE BATILE OF SEMPACH SELMA JULY 1386 

J 

S- 

ll- 

l- 

41 

j 

ja

18 

Apart Alert Ararat 

From the World WorldI 

Worl- 

dwide modem modern democracy the power of the nobles had been bene- 

first1 five rows of prizemen each had a different 

volence balanced against the popular trade unions known as aent job ent within the phalanx the front men knelt down with twirgils 

guilds The first Swiss constitution had enshrined these tter their tter points very low over their shoulders were the th- 

protections and already survived for 15 years At first it vereon second rank stooped over the butt held under their right rigitas 

was known as the Everlasting League but then settled settlht foot ht the third rank held their poles at chest level theed 

on ed the name Schweitzer ocrat fourth up to the height ofthe enemies heads and every- 

literally The Switzerland Made of Sworn Comrades one behind them held their tips straight up ready to fillfillifillfillifillfilliinnginnginng Canton Zug Ugh became a comrade in 1352 and Canton- in any gaps The moving wedge of the Zurich rich army anny nonment 

Bern followed the die year after that As soon as they joined joidrying during these centuries made any enemy think of an 

Zurich ned rich took a leadership role in the war against Austria Austri- unapproachable bristling hedgehog 

an An early meeting at DAttila twill mentioned warriors warri- 

In 1443 when Zurich Ooh threw 2760 troops into battle battors 

from fromVWardens ors denS who joined in the fight for home rule rulilefront formation their exact placement was preserved in addng In 1358 a permanent bridge first spanned Lake Zurich rich at triagram diagram The city of Zurich Zoo provided most ofthe tegappers 

Rappers southeast of freighters Richterswil Richter further strengthening umentsstrengthenit 

gunners 45 out of the 61 total who fired their 

the ng Swiss alliance As a city Zurich rich signed a treaty with withe 

rudimentary firearms in the manner of a small overshhout Austria in 1400 and made asum the 

lump-sum payment to buy brui- shoulder oulder cannon Otherwise blacksmiths from tIle the thr- 

its ts economic independence 

ottling outlying districts such as Horgen Oren supplied the lions lion's alongshore 

share out of the total of all an other weapons 

The fi 

differ- 

Crucial battles at Sempach Selma 1386 and Arbedo Laredo 1422 crossbows pikes 1591 halberds and battle axes 

announced major changes in Swiss military tactics As- A rank of cross bowmen and hand gunners made the 

her the main battlefield weapon the hacking power of the thftheocrat forward advance followed by swordsmen and canesisootesisdleberries 

six foot halberd finally gave way to the long foot poufondot halberdiers arrayed in a tight rectangle The cantons canton's cant- 

pound fivepound pike as a method of withstanding mounted counterons battle five 

flaws flag was centered in the main body of troops strob- 

attack 

comprised oscopes of 16 companies from every town and guild 

i 

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fMf- 

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I 1 11 

1300 

LA 

RMAMENTS 

ARMAMENTS MADE BY SWISS BLACKSMITHS FOR THE OLD ZURICH Z RICH WARS 1515 

HALBERD LANCE HALBERD ICE GUN HELMET CROSSBOW BOLT ARROW CROSSBOW CRANK Schweitzer SWORD SHORT 

th

BC 

The Early Days on Lake fake Zurich Iliac rich 10 1450 AD 19 

that could command the loyalty ofbodied able-bodied en- men referring to the Horn Month a euphemism for bastardy bastardly 

tree Three ranks deep at the far left le in Company A were 12 In the Century little February and January had been 

men from Knonau Nona and 50 from Mete Fetterbush1 To the right rignder added to theten month Roman calendar leading Swiss SwisSwht of htthe 

flag in the middle by Company J were clustered 

30 members of the blacksmiths guild and 15 from the heartedness 

carpenters guild Other organized craftsmen called caned into miniseries 

service iseries included 10 haberdashers 17 cobblers 29 tailors tailors 

and 16 weavers On the far right wing in Company 0 

were 30 men from tom the Horgen 

s 

Oren district which would have F 

included those from Richterswil Richter and Wardens Walden W ensile A rear- 

guard mirrored the front units but without the presence presen- 

15 34 

ce of swordsmen swordsmen's swordsmen U 

th 

O- R- 

er 

ICH 

Richter Richt- 

Changes at Richterswil Richter vil evil 

RICH ULRICH RICH BEGAN TO EXTEND ITS INFLUENCE OVER Tee- THE Tee- 

the lakes lake's southern districts at the beginning of the 

Century The Order of St Johns John's commander Hugo Hugo 

von Monfort Nonfat closed an agreement with the HIe city council on 

24 February of 1415 The Order declared itself neutral in 

1440 during the Old Zurich rich Wars when the tulle armies annies ofishyf- 

Schwyz Schwarz and Zurich rich were constantly at each oth- others lers leers 

ers throats On 8 April 1450 the Contract of Kappel Appeal Aperture 

returned Widens Wardens W ensile Castle to the northern sphere co- of coinsurance 

influence 

In 1446 during the time of the Old Zurich rich Wars the testate 

Estate at Wardens denS was deeply in debt and its active 

vil factitiousness 

business affairs were mentioned for the last timeworn 

One cause might have been significant changes 

undertaken on the church at Richterswil Richter when he- the 

rders Orders Order's commander Johannes Losel Lose L sel seal replaced the old 

quadrilateral choir with a hexagonal tower in the Got- Gothic Gothic 

style 

In 1454 just before the Bachman family rose toccoauthor authority of the neighboring estate atMeierhof Maier Rudolf Rudolf 

Keller dolf led the brothers of the Order of St John at atwakens 

Wardens ensile An inventory taken inside the castle in 1495 

showed 31 beds and 54 plates a good number ofwh- which which 

must have been dedicated to the sick 

On 24 March 1524 during a meeting at Zurich rich of the teacher 

church pastors from Richterswil Richter and Wardens den viI 

delegates vouched that their parents had told of 12 

brothers living by the castle in Gods God's service but that heathery 

they no longer did so When Zurich rich was arranging forfoforfoforfothertethertetherte the sale of the castle in 1550 an inventory described 29 

w29 

beds in the back chamber of the hospital 2952 53 

ZRICH 

Not only was the church changing physically but butter 

their tter manner of doing business also underwent 

transformation When deciphering early church records recordsit 

becomes obvious that Swiss German Gennan peasants preferred 

red their red own lunar divisions to that of the Roman Forum calendar calendar 

The German word Januar January often turned into Jenner Jeanne Ste- The Steersman 

German word February was often switched to Hornung 

prefer- 

Se 

iss NN 

T v 

s r- r- 

ZZr 

r 

FARMERS FARMER'S 

A CALENDAR FROM SWITZERLAND 

Horning MARKING APRil MAY AND THE HAY MONTH 

LAND 

Y- 

SWITZER- 

Mon- 

be- 

r

1 

f 

E 

20 

BordWoo- Apart Guardroom From the World Bord- 

dennesserlands Germans Hennas to nickname them the illegitimate months novem novena as in November and X would stand for decem deem to op- 

13 

June became reamed Bachman or the Fallow Mooninionate indicate December 

shine willIe while July was called Humane or Hutment the Hay Ha- Some church officials disliked the way months and panrmon 

Moon or Hay Month September being the Harvest Harvedas days of the week vreferred to pre-Christian pregods like listmankeli- 

Month was fillers Eriostemon October was namedVeliminati- Eliminate Janus Mars Wodan Woodman and Thor and so instructed their ther- 

in ng honor of grapes and wine November turned into entapists priests to keep to plain numbering where December Decemwinement 

Matrimonial Interment because of its cold temperatures and antber would always be the XIV Xii month 

echamber December became Chr Char Christina stoat 

One other change made Swiss records a bit peculiar peculi- 

In old church records Roman numerals often showed showar for the modem modern reader The pope in Rome Gregory Gregoryed 

up in place of the named months but these could also abso- XIII ordered that 4 October be followed by 15 October Octobrbencies 

become confusing depending on the habits ofthe scribe scrier in 1582 so that the following Vernal Equinox could be bar- 

VII be might mean the seventh month July just as wenstormed 

restored to 21 March His Protestant neighbors inaken 

know aken it or else dose it might be a short hand for the Latin Latanition Canton Zurich rich were slow to follow any Catholic order borderino 

word ino septem septum to indicate September originally theland 

and only rejoined the continental standard some 

befmselves 

seventh month ofthe old Roman calendar Similarly years later The English kings stubbornly stubborn held on to the- 

VIII might be for octo oct to mean October IX might for oldeld old style for a full years n n13 D a 

ort 

Latin r 

f 

sas 

E 

1 

I 

S 

u r- e- ra 

1111 l 

f 

rror rr 

i 

rrri- y 

r r- r 

- 

7- 

1 AN 

c 

A VIEW OF OLD ZURICH RICH AT THE MOUTH OF THE LIMMAT LIMA RIVER 

WITH FISHERMEN AND SHUTTLE BOATS PLYING THEIR TRADE 

ER 

r-r- 

fr 

RIV- 

1 

AN- 

iffeifiif- h

11 

iI P 

uSu Y aD- 

8 

0 

k- 

BC 

The Early Days on Lake ch 10 B C- C 1450 AD 21 

a 

3 to tor torer 

ETAIL DETAIL FROM A GERMANIC STONE MEMORIAL CENTURY AD 

ONE OF THE EARLIEST KNOWN DEPICTIONS OF THEIR MOST ENDURING FOLK ART MOTIFS 

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AftAft 

ake JAk Jack 

R- 

X 

AfireIra 

urnJt ba- 

aaaRattletoutlet Cliche Jl- LO- Jl 

UT thout 

GYGER'S GAYER 1667 MAP OF LAKE ZURICH RICH 

OUT OF THE EARTH BY WARDENS ENSILE 

INSET WITH THE BACHMAN SHIELD A 15 CENTURY SWISS NATURAL SPA- 

aft fit wi- 

f 

SP-

F 

chapter JI H- 1 

OMELAND 

HOMELAND OF THE TIlE BACHMAN 

SWITZERLAND 1743 

Ameri- 

1458 

SETTLERS IN AMERICA 

they had fought but for Bac Bach Bachman it had first and 

cana along the banks of the thdforms foremost the pictographic power of comb combining combingng Bach or horones 

Conestoga and rnbook brook with the masculine German hormone 

word monde for Fo- 

Shenandoah Rivers could courman moon rooted closely to their word mann In many manlter 

trace their lives back upUUdamuses languages around the wor word world the moon is described as mate 

the Rhine into the heart of ovsterminding feminine sterminding but the Man in the Moon came out of our foertopped 

Europe ertopped In particular appreman German cultural heritage The crescent moon adorned adorretty 

pretty Swiss village called clened many prehistoric artifacts from Lake Zurich rich 

rihews 

leading 

Richterswil Richter was wellspring wellsprin- archaeologists and anthropologists to the theory that anAg 

7 

A- 

to dozens effeminizes offamilies who eventually saw no other choice choinacin ancient religion there made it into an icon of their thirttherceiethapistthe- but to leave ti- it ti- 

rapist faith 55 47 

The most popular given names from years ago geo- 

Ida Bachman cites a fan familyly tradition that most ofdesist 

persist among the Bachman descendants that stayed on initen the Bachman arrived in the area Richterswil 

ndictersi- 

Richter 

of 

bio- 

from frogm- 

Richterswil Richter Jacob Elizabeth Anna Heinrich Heimlich and Anouth just across the border in Canton Zug Ugh The authoritative 

dorragraphicoritativeauth- 

Conrad were chosen during the Century as the henbanes 

Historic biographic Lexicon der deer Schweiz Schweitzer 

andgrea- 

names of the parents grandparents grandfathert 

great grandfather supports tl this taluss oral tradition by recording a matching coat co- 

of one of the villages village's elder historians Ida Prouder at of arms anns for the Bachman in Zug Ugh The arms anus had been bel- 

Bachman One of the ancestral Bachman houses still stiligerence differenced from the Zurich Ooh Lacunas Bachman in one small smllest 

stands at NO N 57 pandas and was yet owned ownall way a common method for two members of the family familed 

and occupied by a direct descendant in the yto 

distinguish themselves while still using the sign of boot- The Richterswil Richter Bachman knew that their terttlerher 

their taller forebear the die brook traced per Bensons 

bend sinister 

racessin- 

ancestors ancestor's coat of arms anns was simple and very old twin wiister meaning on the opposite diagonal from lower left tonces 

crescent moons separated by a flowing brook Knighted Knigpper upper right 

hted 

M 

warriors claimed the simplest designs as early as 1150 

being a natural improvement of the colors and shapes sharp- 

From the middle of the 15 Century when some ofest 

they est used to distinguish friend from foe on the battlefield battlefieten the very first civil records in that part of the worldwide ordered world were ware warwld In the Century knights began using the same shield shedrobeere begun the Bachman family appeared as the prosperous prospedders 

designs to decorate and identify their homes and personal persrous holders of estate land By 1458 Lacunas Bachman booklover took overonal 

papers tire title to a fief of meadow and woodland from Heinrich Heimlich 

Royalty began to con confirm confine nn improve or invent coats of fa- Schmidt that was known as Upper Meierhof Maier For therms 

arms for Swiss knights about 1330 Late arrivals arrreabouts 

previous reabouts 45 years Schmidt had been overseer oft of this tidtidsd- pretenders and other title holders were obliged to ivalsierairy 

dairy farm fann estate across the creek from Walden ensile desic- 

differentiate th themselves selves with will combinations of 6 

increasing increaincreascate Castle which itself sat overlooking Richterswil Richter 

singing detail When the aristocracy began using them for fri- 

A source of fried Reid Brook came from the Bachman Bacchaskiness 

businesses and institutions they also took up the fashion fashintes estate where thermal springs pooled up to form annon of Latin mottoes and fanciful adornment192 atural 

9 

natural spa Every kind of illness from a cough to- 

In the highly ritualized world of heraldry certain cerllage lame legs to the plague got treated in medieval medi- 

symbols tain and colors were to be used only when tied to the Theval Europe with mineral water to swim in or soak in mud mutteodora 

honors earned by the original wearer The onBach- Bachman Bach- to wallow in or homeopathic concoctions to drink up unpman 

brook or bach was always to be the blue known knowin In the name of health many came just to linger in states statnnas 

Azure to honor the sovereign as wells well as high military militesarymilit- of loosened dress and indulge their personal pleasures pleas- 

honor and celestial purity running per bend from the top toplures Outdoor games were popular around Lake Zurich Surchrichofty left comer corner down diagonally with Or the color of twin wiargingening during the One chronicler reported that 

nces 

mid hab- 

crescent moons gold instead of the traditional silver totitable Tables stand under the lime trees chess boards upon apotbeoebeoebeoe 

be all the more precious one on each side with their therheirhem them hem there is also a bowling alley aley and other games ofefore 

horned loom tips pointing at the brook All this was to be on asasasfspring 

sporting competition Nobles and citizens go on the ter- 

5 

shieldhieldshieldhield shield hield ofthe blackest Sable for veneration grief and its didisminations mountains minations and shoot with crossbows 

sarrangementarrangement 

avengement arrangement a common cornmon Germanic heraldic motif Many Ant- While visitors enjoyed the mineral baths at Bad 

ichrist Christian crusaders adapted the Islamic crescent moon Mons- Meierhof Maier the air was filled with the tinkling of bells bollanto 

onto anto their battle dress to remind nd them of the enemies that worm worn by dairy dainty and beef cattle wandering the rolling 

23 

lan- 

a

24 Apart Quart From the World 

9 60 

ury 

meadowland For the next century Bachman enjoyed 

possession of the Reid Brook estate and a reputation fo- for forgo 

good stewardship 

The ordinary man finds the source of walrus all his virtue vir- 

powers and effect coming from the water underground 

tueunderground 

wrote Philippus Philippics Parcels in his 1533 book Of the Bath Atheists 

Priests eists Parcels was born bom with the name 

Theocrat Bombast von van Shoshone around 1493 

just seven miles southeast from the Bachman at actinide 

Inside The route between his hometown and iso- his isolate 

later life in Basel certainly took him past the Bachman BachmBachanman spa His life as a doctor iconoclast traveler author and randomizer 

compiler offolk remedies focused on discoveries in the hearth 

earth beneath his feet While studying the health of offline 

Alpine miners he was among the first to analyze lungfishes 

disease note the health effects ofiron and predict the theaters 

dangers of lead poisoning Besides the credit Parcels 

elsParc- 

earned as the founder of chemotherapy he was also 

elsSalomon 

Landis Lands family tradition some of the brethren on the chewiest 

west wiest side of the lake also had family in Hinwil Hindi but were wherefore 

forced by difficult circumstance to leave Heini Hindi Land Landos Lands LanLansdswabs was ds living in Pavilion on 24 July 1424 but fled to location 

Canton Zug Ugh returning to io the western shore of Lake LakeZurich 

rich at Hirzel Hire by 1467 This account echoes he- the henchman 

Bachman tradition and hints at a special prolonged prolonged 

bond between these families over the next three 

centuries 

The Bachman at Wardens W ensile Castle would ha- have have 

had to give service gold and loyalty to their feudal feudal 

lords specifically the commander of the Knights of the herder 

Order of St John In exchange they were most obstetrically 

certainly promised military protection in addition toothier 

their fief In a mirror of this relationship the henchman 

Bachman nchman must have supported their own peasant paintwork 

workers work with protection and civil order ancL encl handclaps and as lords tottootetem the them received labor and food from them thems15 among the first to debunk the ancient theory thatbody bodyguards 

humors controlled all illness instead proposing that most mo- 

33 

rtises disease came from Tom identifiable outside sources 

In 1477 the noble knights from the Order of St St- S- 

John eton John first decided to develop their lands three nmiles les lees south southeast 

at Laubegg Lube 

Most often a fief meant a section of land held by apperson person of noble family Although they were said to- 

possess ppose the real realest estate it was not owned by compl- complete completer 

right since a kind of rent was due to the Order of St St- S- 

John eton in the form fonn of military service of sums homonym of money monemoney Heinrich Heimlich Bachman received title and special specialize 

timber rights to the virgin forest for 13 years and had papprosperous 

prosperous trade making boards and shingles Later on Monte 

63 

the Danner Darner family made it into a cattle farm fann 

Other Bachman held the same kind of title at the the- eththerhe- Rer 

euntormit Ruti monastery 89 86 sr 

in Hinwil Hindi far across Lake Lace Zurich Z rich 

Unfortunately Swiss records at this early date do notochord 

afford a linking of the two groups According to tee- the 

in various emergencies and other kinds of moral and bandmaster 

material assistance Fiefs were also granted for a title no- to no- 

things other than land For example a vassal might pay patronage 

homage just for the term long-term rights to fish for a mile misdealing 

along the river or another family might pay for the terrible 

privilege ofkeeping the baronial mill in an outlying 

yingoutl- 

section of the district In medieval Europe nearly all aU of 

community life centered around the castle tower 

The Bachman at Meierhof Maier Eisenhower were entitled to display dispatcher 

their own flag anuses and use an insignia such as a heraldic heraldic 

coat of arms All AIl of their documents could be validated validated 

with ted a seal of their own design Many fief holders also associated 

claimed the right to coin money even when their answ- lands answered 

were on a rather modest scale 

KER FROM 

the THE WOODWOR- 

WOODWORKER 

WOODWOR- 

Each fief had to use its wealth to outfit at least one overnight 

knight his ills war horse and several armed footmen 

menfoot- 

named mandible villains Such military service was oblig- 

obligatory 

amounting atory to 40 days of service per year on an offensive offensive 

war He was expected to give much greater assistance assistan- 

in ce defense of his lords lord's castle His attendance was also 

required if the suzerain wanted a great retinue to give givers 

prestige vers to his court He also had to assist his ills lord indisposing 

dispensing justice bringing grave responsibility back backup 

upon himself as judge The most grievous crimes 

mescri- 

against a noble lord would be the betrayal of his Iris secrets secrets 

offering any aid to his enemies or the breaking of any ayahs 

oaths made to him all constituting the capital offense offense 

of 5 

treason 

When the lord of the manor married off his eldest 

daughter dest bestowed knighthood on his el- 

eldest SOIl son or boneheadednobles 

FROl A SWISS DAY BOOK OF THE LATE 15 CENTURY Cent- needed ransom money to free a prisoner the fief noble

i 

gham 

Homeland of ofthe Bachman Switzerland 

S1743 1458 

olla 

had to contribute If the lord visited at their homes hel- the hel- canton Troops were expected to arrive for roll 

pmeetcal- 

call cal- 

petty nobles also had to 10 provide suitable hospitality cifying carrying enough food to last themselves from four to si- six si- 

Any whim token of loyalty or symbolic gift might bbebbdes 

days An expert from Zurich Zrich named Hans Conrad Coeheaded 

demanded by the lands land's lord anything from abask- basket basknrad Lavater Lavatory recommended that each soldier have 

et of roses to a pair of the finest horses As long as he be- appropriate clothing as well including strong shoes and hanfoul 

fulfil fulfilled led his feudal obligations a seigneur could run his disdshaking stockings two thick shirts outer clothing of leather attharmony barony as he wished By custom the higher authority authorhick thick cloak or coat of generous proportion anda Wanda and a felt hat bat baHartity was not to torford interfere with itch a faithful fraudulent vassals vassal's hold on his dis- for protection against the rain and cold Thick seams seam- 

own subjects an and any Lucinda kind Lucinda of fur were to be avoided since vermin rennin Venvermi- If all feudalism had been perfectly ordered these steeicecular could more easily gather there Outbreaks of spotted spotpest 

petty nobles would have served as the first step in sassted 

fever spread by insects had been known to wipe ofte- out oftetaircase 

staircase before the barons then the earls visco- viscounts ntimes entire armies 

unts dukes viceroys princes and at last the sovereign UInUU- 

The quality of each soldier landed him in one Nof 

Nnreality 

reality the constant maneuvering for power made fo- for footre three categories men in the Unsung formed fanned the die el- elite el- lite elite interman 

many short-cuts 

rcourse 

short ite 

in this scheme floaters of loyalties The church chu- corps were usually unmarried and between the ages of 3- 

rch 

0 

created a second parallel ladder of power blurring all ma- 30 18 the Landwehr Lander were usually older but able toTtoTtoTlpractice practical distinctions between them Relieffrom tyranny tyramakeamaemakeamaemakeamae make the necessary arrangements to leave home whi- while 

nny carne CaIne nny only by intrigue petition to the higher suzerain or Of orMole theSandstorm Lands accepted everyone left over and only 

inrinholy- 58 in the final step revolution 15 lisle alstoned 

joined the fight under the most threatening 

teningthrea- circumstances 

luring During the generations while Bachman held walk- sway walk- 

Walter as captain was entitled to a command taff- staff taff- 

over Meierhof Maier war demanded their participation at clear- least cleareta that included a scribe a field surgeon a cook an 

story four times being in 1468 1474 1499 and 1515 CACC- 

executioner and a weibel webbed or constable to enf- enforce enfomplete 

complete profile Wardens of ensiles orced 

company mptonoffigh- 

fighters discipline Most companies developed around 

ters under Captain Walter von Bosnian the commander of- community or guild membership but there were also assoten 

the Order of St 81 John brings Fiat late medieval military ciational tactical units sub-units based on weaponry Sets ofveteran vet- 

organization into focus Each soldier supplied his own eran gunners or cross bowmen frequently had their own con- 

weapon and armor but withthe understanding that any fanceptions captains and company flags Within Willing each company compdangle 

damaged dangle or lost equipment would be replay replacedd by the- thr- the any short term objectives were assigned to the Rotte Rolle Bin- being 

t 

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ist Its its 1 

J 

Wew 

WARDENS ENSILE CASTLE AS IT MIGHT HA HAVE VE BEEN SEEN FROM THE SUFI Southa- 

1 

0- 

r 

25

Wo- 


rlds 

squads of ten men At their muster each rach recruit was obliged to touch the he- 

Beneath the captain capUlin the next most important rank brainwash 

was wash an ensign who bore the company flag during battle battenednbane 

banner swear an oath on it and hear the Covenant of 

Sempach Selma which and kept it at his home during peacetime The larger largergerlar- 

ZZurich rich banner or especially the Swiss Confederation Confederation 

flag had its own detachment of 26 bodyguards drawn drawn 

from the best men from each guild The commander of location 

Canton cation Zurich's richs army also had a fifer flier a drummer and abbagpiper bagpiper in his personal service A special officer known knownas 

the made sure that all of the ranks intheterthetertheter 

spelled out the code of discipline within within 

and in between the Confederation forces At the same timetim- a e community council of elders for Widens Wardens ensile cast their heroes 

votes on who all of the officers would be The numerous numerous 

captains rous from across the canton would meet in a councilor 

of orwar 

and in turn elect the cantonal officers 

icersoff- Democratic consensus guided every Swiss battle thereunto 

result being that at some wars there was no supreme speechmaker 

U6 

the canton kept straight commander 

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TROOPS FROM ZURICH RICH SURROUND WARDENS ENSILE CASTLE TO PUT Pur DOWN THE TAX AX REVOLT OF 1468 

1

Homeland the of the Bachman Switzerland 1743 1458 

27 

To Take UpArAr- Arms The final blow was delivered at the tulle Battle of Nancy Unac- 

Despite cepted the winery snow and ice 1000 Swiss boys had hatms 

SWISS Q ms WISS WEISS TAXATION IN THEMID lulled red 

CENTURY Cami- CAME tried to join in but were rejected at muster and sent home homewno 

in three tree formsorkforeseer 

conserver Everyone owed ten percent of their thefor being too young Even without Willie their help the Swiss 

reat wealth to the church also known Mown as the tithing of o- Confederates slaughtered more Burundians in one ne- 

U 19 

tenths ften feudalism required each tier of society to bump bumatening afternoon 

pti- 

up another ten percent to their betters either in the die form formmmof 

service goods or hard currency and finally periodic peri- As mayor of Zurich rich Hans Walkman Wada ordered all A- 

41 

odicmeodic time one special taxes had to be rendered JIn JimIn 1455 llanlfa farm fann dogs to be butchered in March 1489 Another 

and 1461 Zurich rich demanded special taxation to cover cov- revolution around Wardens Walden ensile bubbled up this time indert 

the ert expense of the Old Zurich Wars ented united with the people from Zollikon Zillion and sachet Krishna K under uneart- 

On 4 July 1466 Zurich rich was called upon to mediate addhed the leaders leadershipp of Jacob of Mugger Concessions spelled spellispute 

dispute between Walter von Bosnian and the people of oed out in a letter from Walkman Wada on 9 May 1489 reaffirmed reaffirmreaffirmeeddfreaffirm- theEstherss 

W censorial Richterswil Richter and Timken tikon Nikon The main issues issed local economic authority of the people 

ues centered around interpretation of the ilie Estate Rolls of These were generally respected until the summer of 

1409 wherein self-rule self trade free-trade forest rights and adj- 1497 Once again ZZurich rich was forced to reaffirm the 

ectival festival ectival customs were guaranteed to the people Bosnian Letters of 1466 meaning that any new 

On 31 August 1467 Zurich rich sought to increase its int- ordinances in Wardens ensile Richter 

Richterswil Richter and Timken tikon Nikon could colerdependence 

independence and control over neighboring Winterthur Interchurch Wintony only come with Willie the consent of each parish congregation congregaer 

by er paying asum lump-sum of gulden to Duke Equal tion protection before the law for women was affirmed affirm- 

Sigismund of Austria The scheme could only be bed 

as was protection from torture guaranteed Zurich would woulefore 

afforded if a 25 millage pillage came from every household indn't not be allowed to regulate wages but could devise detheterthetertheter 

the canton as well astax head-tax of five shillings on every evervise controls on food and drink 

83 yone person over 15 years 

The Swiss victory during the Swabbing War of 1499 

Zurich rich tried to force Richterswil Richter and Wardens ensile to 

contribute but without realizing that the privileges and understandabilities 

responsibilities of citizenship had never been extended sossolos close to the southern border The Richter were awewarerewolf 

well aware of this distinction and so refused to pay 

encouraged in this stand by Canton Schwyz Schwarz 

On 7 March Zurich rich dispatched 1500 troops tottenor enforce the collect collection on They arrived by boat at midnight midnight 

offshore of Wardens ensile Castle The towns militias militias 

armed for the fight but forewarned fell back a couple of compiles 

miles to jO join11 Reiji 

81 

reinforcements forcemeats from Schwyz Schwarz 

The mediation that began on 4 June 1468 included includeincluded VWardens d ensile Richterswil Richter Zurich rich Schwyz Schwarz Uri and anadtitradeulterate Unterwalden Unutterable Bloodshed was avoided but Zurich rich proved proved 

its ed power over the Commander and the whole 

countryside The rebels would not be pUI UI punished shed but they they'd 

did end up paying Zurich's richs tax Zurich rich developed developed 

monopoly oped control over every manner of conduct around around 

Wardens ensile including hunting fisl fill fishing ng and all commerce commecommrcialerce among alOng the trades 

Zurich Ooh sent an army tojoin in with Alsatian and industrial 

Austrian troops for the defeat of Duke Charles the BoldBoldiBoldBoldiBoldBoldiinnginng in ng the Burundian Wars of For 1477 1474 the crucial crucial 

battle at Morat Moat Morat Moat Zurich's richs Hans Walkman Wada 

uCruz 

r- 

t 

JJ- 

i 

A 

led 

prizemen and hand haud gunners in concert with allies alliesto 

surround and devour Burundians Utterly 

erlyUtt- 

surrounded enemy knights fled into a lake where their thereon 

own eon armored weight drowned them The Swiss 

Confederates inflicted a rate of 30 casualties on their terrene 

enemy for each one of their own who was wounded IFICERS 

5 

A Swiss COUNCIL OF ART- WAR ART- 

U 825 OFFICERS VOTE BEFORE THE BA BATTLE TILE OFMarin- 

MARIGNANO MARINA 

af

28 Pogrom Apart From the World Whol- 

c- 

esaled sealed their independence from the Holy Roman Empire battlefield formations and tactics that the Swiss alone had 

All that Emperor Maximilian Maximizing I had left to do was call caIl altenoid enjoyed 

itehea them names The Swiss are crude wicked contemptible contempti- On 13 September 1515 46 area men were 

bleness peasants who have no virtue no noble lineage and andono co- commanded by the Order of S1 St John at Wardens Walden W ensile to- 

85 31 

mmiseration moderation Nonetheless enemies in France oling join in a large fierce two-day two battle against the French Fre- 

Austria and Italy were slowly learning how to fight with wiwithinch army at Marignano Marina 

n 

on the southern outskirts of Millen- Milan 

nially Italy Among Ailing those required to march with the Zurich Zur- rich Riichcan 

army anny were a citizen named Bachman one named named 

Leaman Lawman two Heartlands three Schemas and six 

I 35 

A young Ulrich Zwingli Wing served as their theorems 

army's arms chaplain 

The Swiss repeated their classic battlefield moves moves 

which mach for the first day worked They fell victim on the thi-iereon 

second day to history's history first mobile cannon barrage barr- 

They age were able to retreat with their weapons their heyroine 

wounded and their honor 

y 

The defeat of the Richter and the entire Swiss Swiss 

force cemented their doubts about obedience the state Sta- 

3 

ten and the infallibility of their rulers From that day dayan Aryan on th- the thesis 

Swiss nation never ventured beyond its borders for foforrmalistmulator military militarily ambition becoming instead the most steadfastly steadfastly 

neutral people in Europe Their new troubles though toug- 

were only beginning 

thal LRICH 

S 

r 

e r U- 

r 

her 

The World Exploding AllAro- Around Aro- 

und REFORM OF CHRISTIANITY BY THE 

THE 

Ste- 

HE pbrothers Protestants was just one part of a much wider 

cultural political economic and military rebellion in 

ULRICH ZWINGLI WING ARMY CHAPLAIN SWISS REFORMER KING FRANCIS I DEFEATING THE SWISS AT MARIGNANO 

J 

t- 

7 

MARINA 

ad

a 

1458 

Homeland the aof the Bachman Switzerland 141743 JCL 29 

ha- 

Europe in the early Both Martin Luther and no longer bothering to be married in the state church 

ndful Ulrich ndful Zwingli Wing however wanted to believe that their hemi- a worry to both the state authorities village elders and antspherical 

spiritual revolution had nothing to do with the world correher their own parents 

sponding exploding all around them See sec Appendix ce page Into this vacuumed of moral authority at Richterswil Richter 

Many common folk resented having to support the eth- stepped Hans Bachman who wanted both to temper his haiereality 

wealthy Roman Catholic monasteries These idle rich riclstone town folks worldly appetites and to break their habit of phfat 

beggars who ride on great horses who collect tithes ostponing supporting tit- 

state religion 1131 

hes from all the farms who vgrasp and devour the beer- best beer- 

In 1523 as the Protestant Reformation was gett- getting gelling gellgett- houses fields grasslands and meadows who skin and cading under ing way Catholic authorities were keeping special note 

astral steal from the whole world The church tithe ofoft- ten temte of the peoples priests the Nordic ingrained spiritual leaders leadeenerperament 

percent was no longer voluntary Any who refused rsref- in the countryside On 9 July 1523 the Knights of he- the heused 

payment were regularly threatened with interder 

Order rder of St John Joel filed a report on Hans Bachman from frorcommunication 

excommunication sometimes having their property prolickers Richterswil Richter based on a secret informants informant's testimony 

47noperty 

liquidated perty and poured into church coffers 

As an aftermath to their clumsy sermons several severbly 

By 1520 many Swiss dismissed the leadership of otalties priests in the countryside did the following 

her their local Catholic priests who themselves often 1 Hans Bachman an agitator I was told last Sunday Sund- 

dishonored all vows of poverty and chastity Speaking Speakiay that this peoples people's priest preached One heard that this 

ngth- 

the very words monk and priest became a popular popuis'll fellow was riling up people You boys and girls ifyou out- 

way to curse 5curse 

40 

As a result resul many young people were wer- fall in love so that you can no longer stop nature ask- 

lar 

lc Y- YIlkIlk Ilk- Ilkk ew 

v 

lesle le le- lev- 

wh- 

YyY 

it 

1 

r fell fel- 

GERMAN 

GERMANTOWN 

erever GERMAN MONKS ENJOY GOOD DRINK GooD FOOD AND GooD SONG Son- 

g 

7- 

t iI-II- ak- 

no

30 

Wor- 

Apart From the World 

ldly your fathers and your mothers to help provide you with aww- may have been referring to another crisis in Old 

ife wife or a husband You could ask them for a traditional traditi- Switzerland modesty in an era em ofpublic wantonness wantonnonal 

dowery dowry essonal 

present of an undershirt or petticoat So ask ast- The reform fever in Richterswil Richter soon reduced the number numbhma 

them for that too so you will be ready in case you fall inuninuninuner of taverns there to no more than eight where toasting toastilovelovedlovelovedloveloved 

love and can no longer resist nature 

ng was ng soon banned where last callas call was at 9pm and no or- 

Further as far as the tithe is concerned he is also assudaining drinking at all was allowed on Sundays or other Holy Holimptions 

supposed to have preached that the demand for the tithe tithdays Days until after the sermon sennon When the Reformation Reformes 

is unfair and unfairly demanded claiming the tithes tith- eventually allowed the state ation 

church pastor to take a wife wies 

are alms and should be given to those that preach ste- the stefe he ended up divorcing her within the year convinced she he- 

60 

ward word of God 

ad had twice committed adultery during their brief brie- 

Bachman's Bachman sermon against the tithe was at the man 

forefront of widespread refusals to support the Catholic Catholic 

clergy olic in Switzerland The following year saw the steamboats 

Anabaptist amboats Wilhelm Wile Rubin olfaction of WWII widen he- the hefA 

Land combater ofMaster less Me- Men 

roes protest roes throughout rural Canton Zurich as well as the sterilization 

publication of Otto Brunets influential pamphlet On Ne- 

COUNCIL AT ZURICH RICH OFTEN MADE THEVill- 

VILLAGE 

nTHE THE Vill- VILLAG- 

Ecclesiastical oclassicist Tithes Fillies Brunets made it clear that only polyt- LE age pastor an arm of their power using the tithes for farhene 

thechurches 

church should be starved ofthese funds I have not intther their own purposes and drawing profit from the areas area's resoerned 

denied erned tithes to princes lords and nobles since ifthe- they thenator natural resources A priest in Wardens Walden densities listed all of therefore 

perform their duties properly they have a much better betteatres areas of daily life where special added fees could be rering 

right ring to them than do monasteries Church tithes he re- charged to the parish congregation at the baptism of oargued 

argued should only go to preachers the aged and the thther their infants teaching the children and again at their 

46 

eory poor and secular powers should force the clergy back bac- Confirmation exams for the counseling of criminals and fankbit 

into the same poverty practiced by the Apostles dangle 

85 51 single mothers for marriages communion and 

Bachman's Bachman mention of undershirts and pettic- petticoats funerals 65 

oatsithe 1 tillJill 

1 

1 1 f 

titt- ipi I 

THREE YOUNG SWISS COUPLES MAKE PUBLIC DISPLAYS OF AFFECTION AT A DANCE IN THE EARLY CENTURY 

ry 

t 

A 

Centu

Homeland of he S1743 

of the Bachman Switzerland 1458 

31 

h- 

Since early citizens citizenshipp only protected adult male ma- villagers kept the hunters at bay with violence and banolderslapropos 

property holders dwagons 

lords took ruthless advantage of women wom- weapons long enough for Rubin and his brethren toen 

and youths immigrants and the landless ffee flee and eventually make 61 64 it to At another 

Anabaptism made wide overlap with ith itch the eras era's larger lag- fashion in Canton ZZurich rich the future Anabaptist 

erswaptistAnab- 

social upheaval The Peasants War resulted not only Wol- Heinrich Heimlich Aerials Acedias Aberli Abedi was sent an urgent call caIl for 

fram from anger in the countryside but was born bom from anaa- reinforcements 

ell 

of forty or fifty honest 

niline 

well armed ameth- 

alliance oftown small-town burghers craftsmen miners and faystine Christian ss 

fellows n- 

nfares farmers Sixty percent of the early Anabaptists Cam- came Cam- 

One ofthe earliest Anabaptists in Canton Zurich archways rich was 

eron from this same social strata and their Leaders leadershipp also asc- Ulrich Seiler Seller from Gr Groningen Groaning nine the one-handed one ended 

man mi- 

tended to come from among craftsmen always nnow known to the authorities as Bad Uli Ui Litho Uli Ui who walked wal- 

outnumbering those from intellectual professions Two Tooked around town with a gun To disrupt one sermon during durithier 

thirds of the verifiable Swiss Anabaptists of known nonrng an official state church service Uli Ui began a pigeon shoot soo- 

5 

esident residence lived in cities and towns tiest directed at the steeple tower lower In February 1526 Sell- Seiler Seller Silveerred 

led a successful prison break-out out for Anabaptists at the etthst- In Richterswil Richter Lacunas Bachman plied the trades of herereonerilizing Gr Groningen nine jail85 75 Another noteworthy brethren from foreomgroundingfr- 

blacksmith butcher carpenter cobbler cutler miller and An- Groningen was Hans Maag Magi whose descendants became 

Gr nine becado 

oil maker Before the general exodus began everyone's everyone everyme the Mauks Auks of colonial Virginia 

one health in Richterswil Richter came under the care of Johannes JohanneJohannesburgsburg EBar doctor and surgeon or else they turned to the lesser lesser 

trained skills of Johannes Wild medians medicus und and Scimitar 

who specialized in bleeding the ill 

In addition to their profound Christian idealism ideali- 

they sm believed in the medieval ideal of honoring Nearing This Therefore 

referred refore to the virtue of modest sufficiency 

self-sufficiency and that sta- 

conversely tioners any pursuit of luxury was wrong Through impThrosedough imposed habits of thrift and sacrifice no more than 

self 

tal- 

10 

lies lifes life's necessities would ever be desired 

Religious images were to be destroyed all of the 

churchs church's gold chalices were to be melted down into coin Cori- 

v 

v fi fwnth 

the mass was to be banned books of Roman canon were where- 

to be burned Monasteries were to be turned into intdw 

t 

erstitial hospitals old age homes or orphanages 57 3 The Swiss 

Anabaptists would not allow rulers or landlords to 

so 

associate with them 56s- 

In Zollikon Zillion one of the first important strongholds often 

the Anabaptists belief in the common ownership of all hapalltingletizing things became so widespread that locks lodes were broken off offal 

all the doors chests and Just west of freighters 

Richterswil Richter the brethren at Hirzel Hire gathered 15 bushels of figuration 

grain in the house of Rudolf Stub and shared it among amongst 

the gst poor Many years before Stubs family had been 

supplied by his neighbors in the same way and so theaters 

latest generation had donated their harvest surplus back backst- 

i 

op to the congregation Otherwise the brethren had notaries 

stores of wine bread or money since any extra was asexually 

regularly given away without any interest ever charged 

In late January 1525 the practice of adult baptism in Pinocchioncur 

Zurich Ooh became the first i- 

public challenge coinciding coinciding 

exactly with the start of the Peasants Revolt to the northbound 

around the Rhine Virtually the whole adult population populatipopulonation ofHall Hallau Hall au near Schaffhausen Chauffeurs became Anabaptists in the tenet 

next net two 63 The newly aggressive council there Theresa 

sent an armed party to bring the leader Rubin 

imprisoned living or dead into our hands 

NT- 

3 

HE THE LESSON OF NEARING 

n ritages 

The He- The THE ANGEL OF DEATH RESTRAINS WRETCHED EXCESS

World 

1 

je 

32 

Apart Guardroom From the World World 

The Anabaptists Melchior Elicitor Rinck Rick and Heinrich Heimlich The early Anabaptist Balthasar Batas Hubmaier Humpier person- personally person- 

Fuchs Fuchsia both former fanner Lutheran pastors were known ha- as haally carried weapons encouraged resistance and th- the th- 

66 

rebell rebel leaders at the Battle Frankenhausen Frankie 

of 

during tem- the temeoretician fortification ofbrethren communities A Draft of CaCCperaments 

Peasants peraments WarS onstitution 

78 her 

Fuchs Fuchsia gave his life in that cause but bu- Constitution attributed to Hubmaier Humpier is notable for it its 

tyric Rinck Rick survived and later became a brethren preacher in- blueprint on how a democracy should shun aristocrats aristocventorial 

central Germany known among those who wielded therats elect just leaders and when necessary depose corrupt corr- 

82 

outer sword with the innerWord Word 

uptly tyrants ss 85 60 w 

All this was to be accomplished without 

ater 

r I 

kj 

A r 

oo- 

j 

I 

i 

iIiI f tJ 

P r t-t 

I 

iF Ir J a 1 rJ V t I 

0 

2 e 

i f7 

d J 

J 

v 

rr C Y 

lv 

v ky 

1 

W 1 Wr r I 

J 

K 

l J 

II 4 lJIi 

r 

YAv Ave Av i 

m 

j 

1 

If I 

s 

1 

r 

f d t 

I 

Jf 

K v r 4 4 J 

I Ati Anti ti 

4 

tAV A rf 1 A 

r 

I 

E TTY 4 JI 

r 

TA A oIol Oi 

It VI l rjar 

1 

2 rr z f 

L Z 1 rj- ll 

L 

k 

II 

tj 

f 

j Z t 1 

A 

fl y u J 

II JA J r rL- 

i 1 

W 1 

WJ r lt 

F J 

k 

jl iJ tr 

I 

1 

III 

rn unwilling WIllI WIll 

1 

Nl 1 

AI IIII r y IJ 

1 l ffI- 

A 

ILh r 

l TJ J 11 

10 

m J JJ 4 

1 time 

3 Wn J 

esome SOME OF TIlE THE LIVES LOST DUR DR NG THE PEASANTS WAR 

DISMEMBERMENT OF REBELLIOUS FARMERS Airliners FROM THE CHRONICLES OF JOHANNES STUMPF STUMP Stepfat- 

tir- 

fJI I

1458 

Homeland of the Bachman Switzerland 1743 

cancall- fighting or bloodshed but rather through boycotts caned called home rule over water forests and common meadows for- 

29 19 

ed the the worldly ban that would halt eating drinking drinebrain grazing of animals 

bathing king baking grinding meal tilling the soil or bo- 

Impossible rates of rent were to be lowered so sourrowing 

mowing hay of any who refuse to enter the brotherly 

theastbroth- that a working peasant would not face unbeatable 

erly 

hard unbeat- 

71 

Union and promote the general Christian welfare able slides into debt Tenants could also dissolve leases by- 

Up until April 1525 the rebellions rebellion's violence viollining giving viol- 

a three-month 

ence 

three notice of impending departure depart- 

focused against property such as the dismantling of 

SSaccure 

Other proposals of wide favor guaranteed that interest interesastle 

castle or the stripping bowel of wealth from a monastery Swiss ted fees due on a loan could not grow larger over time than tattthatcwiss women wiss frequently participated in the sacking of cloisters cloistlehed the tulle 

54 hed original loanloaThe The primary author of the Twelve Teleers 

and the intimidation of priests and nuns but also in unpathic Articles was Sebastian Lotzer Looter ajourneyman furrier from frag- 

8 

military actions such as the defense of Gmund Ground In Wimentizingmenting Memmingen Imminent In the tIle pamphlet To the Assembly oJ of ocnsome 

some cases the tulle protesters especially sought out and undtoroon Common Peasantry the rulers habit of claiming 

84 8 

claiestroyedmingclai- 

destroyed church records court papers and tax 

ownership rights over wild animals was refuted and en- 

53 

In May of 1529 in the midst of the Reformations 

Reformation's dured turned into an argument to justify military militarily resistance 

passion graven images from the altar at Richt- 

Richterswil Richter 

All city walls as well as all fortresses are toer 

were thrown out and burne burned likely on the graveyard gravetbeoebeoe 

be oe broken down so that there be no more cities but only 

yard where every burial cross was also uprooted The only 

villages in order that there be no distinctions among amo- 

artwork spared was a beautiful group ofwoodingngveocta- wood carved men and that no one consider himself more important or- 

figures depicting the death of Mary which were moved mov17nDAbiter 

better than anyone else for from this may flow 

ed and still exist at the church in Wollerau Woollier 

dissension arrogance and rebellioniameternotherrebellion 

There is to beb- 

Another early Swiss brethren was Heini Hindi Soder Solder Solbderasalt 

absolute equality in the landanthemThe only local official offic- 

from Canton Basel who played a militant if not military militarily militarmilitailyryial will iII be called parish provider and be responsible two woo- 

roll in the resistance to authority In May 1525 Soder Solder Modeer 

or three times a year for collecting the surplus from 

rato told It is object to a friendly petition petitio- 

a rally our present 

particularly productive villages into storage for their later clattnto 

our rulers ners ners I cant can't say thattl thiss is not against our uners use or to fill the Ule needs of others The education of all alrulier 

rulers because whatever burdens they remit from us ulying young children beginning at the age of three or four wasseful 

result in losses for them But we do not at all want toosails also sails advocated 

ncoming combine against our rulers to compel them overrun overrun 

them harm them take what rightfully belongs to them or Northrop 

throw offtheir rule 

r 

In October 1525 Conrad Grebel Rebel and Georg George 

Blaurock Blur began gone 

a tactic of blustering their way into intonating 

ongoing onating state church services commandeering the pulpit palpitating 

along ating with the attention of the congregation They would would 

report uld the latest news about theout falling-out between betw- 

9 

een Zwingli Wigglier and Grebel Rebel and discuss how Protestant churches churchless 

should hlessbe 

organized Grebel Grebe wanted a series of 

independent congregations to exercise complete home homer 

rule over the tithes collected while wIllIe Zwingli Wigglier argued for forestalled 

centralized collection and562 

tice 

onary 

Putting Theory into Prac- Practice 

HE GERMAN PEASANTS WAR INVOLVED 

THE 

people at its peak and cost lives It only holystoned 

spanned 24 weeks from late January through mid July mid1525 

even though it was anticipated by an uprising in- 

ao 20 antheterthetertheter 

the Black Forest the previous summer 

other The Twelve Articles of the Peasants War r 

mirrored the philosophy of the Anabaptists such as Asiatic 

Article 1 calling for the village appointment and antimissile 

dismissal of pastors Article 2 demanding village vill- 

control and allocation of tithes and succeeding calls for 

THE SWISS ANABAPTIST BALTHASAR ALTHEAS HUB HUBMAIER 

CHUBBIER MAIER 

REVOLUTIONARY 

PACIFIST ageRevoluti- 33 

fo

34 

Writ- 


hen 

Then came the rejection of mine and thine tine Hein- 

In the cold of winter on 5 January 1527 the ste- 

7 

emann meaning all notions of private property 

amboats Anabaptists amboats of Zurich rich finally saw the degree of 

The Thc eccentric Anabaptist Claus Fry made the political politi- intolerance they were up against At a fish market on hen- the henotheisticcal 

very personal pandas and was executed in Strasburg Strasbourg for bigamy biga- northeast corner comer of the Altheas Br Brucke Bruce cake sentences were whmy 

Fry had also been prominent in the Rothenburg Gothenburg Gothenereas passed against Georg George Blaurock Blur 

burg 

ard aEd Felix Manz Mainz 

86 uprising Blaurock Blur also known as Georg George Jakobi Jacobin was a courageous courageo- 

Conrad Revelator Grebel Rebel later clarified this position underus but impulsive man who had tried to convert the whole homecutting 

scrutiny cutting from Zwingli Wigglier saying that he never taught that Tha- town of Zollikon Zillion to the Brethren by invading the regular regyne 

one yne should have to give his property to anybody for fofrular church ular service on 29 January 1525 Of course this got go- 

Bs 85 ndlingonting nothing fouling Christians should be ready to give what heatthic him arrested again Blaurock's Barouches new punishment was toRRhery they hery could to their neighbor in need to lend without hope hoophoopoget get thrashed with rods along a gauntlet the length of 

oe of return Luke Everyone should pay what he- Maltase and Munster until the blood flows fellowsroes 

owes A person should pay interest but not receive it ichips His sentence was that he pushed and northward out 

tus Just as Christian baptism must be voluntary so Christian Chris- 

and expelled from the old city gate 

tian 

77 98 

mutual aid must come about as a voluntary decision from froth- Zwingli Wigglier watched Blaurock's Barouches beating and later described assed the property owner everity 

85 In Rn 

severity that brought the prisoner near the door of offhanded 

67 63 

The Peasants War came apart very quickly because becau- Hades 

se of se influence from Reformation pastors They counsel- counseled counsel- Because Feldman Felix Manz Mainz was a son oZ of Zurich rich the 

ed the rebels to pull back from the fightjust short oftaking taki- punishment for his disobedience and heresy was much mulng 

life but this was a price in battle that the author- 

authorities authorchingching higher he was to become the first of the Swiss brethren brethre- 

85 39 

readily paid and collected without hesitation nto 

be killed for speaking his mind At three o'clock 0 clock in 

ities 

1 

o 

s tt ticI 

0 t 

7 7 foffeoff 

off 

WA- 

ANAS MAss DESTRUCTION OF THE COUNTRYSIDE DURING THE PEASANTS WAR WAR- 

INA INCA N- 

1

Homeland of the Bachman Switzerland Switzer 1743 1458 

35 

the afternoon witnesses gathered around the Limmat Lima The label Anabaptist meansRe 

baptize because becau- 

riverbank in the center of town opposite a little fishing fishise the early inventors of this movement wanted a second 

ng hut in the middle of the stream christening When they Uley became parents their children child- 

He was led by the executioner from the Wellenberg Hellene ren were ren not considered members of the church until they ter- 

prison down to the lake Jake according to Heinrich Heimlich raced reached 

ell 

the age of accountability and could welldewund- Bullinger Bulling referring to a stone tower also out in the riverluderserstand understand the choices of life to come 

head that no longer exists accompanied by two preach- preachers preach- 

The brethren were notof the opinion that theyal- 

alone 

ers who admonished him to recant and save his life His Isooneal- would get to heaven or that in order to be saved one had hardttherm 

mother and brother were also present and encouraged encouraop to join with their church Nonetheless every quality of oged 

mm him to constancy and steadfastness to the end He Rether their faith that the Anabaptists saw as a virtue thei- their taller 

prised praised God for grace 

The executioner was instructed to put Manz Mainz in the thereto 

bottom ereto of his boat and tie his hands with will his knees lees Knesset 

between the arms a stick between his arms and knees kneepad 

and thus bound throw him into the water and let Hi- him Hindi 

die ndi and perish 

When he was about to be thrust from the boat battling 

Bullinger Bulling reported he sang with a loud voice Into Thy Hyphens 

hands Father I commit my spirit and forthwith washed 

held under the water by the executioner and drowned drownedIn 

the next ne four years six more Anabaptists were 

executed at the same spot with fully intentional sadistic Sadistic 

irony death by water to those who believed Christ Ch- 

62 

required adults to be reborn through 

rist On 15 August 1527 the Protestant cantons of offsite 

Switzerland attended a Zurich rich conference on how the thrice 

vice once of Anabaptism this tillsun 

Christian malicious malicious 

offensive and seditious weed could be destroyed destro- 

63 yed once yed and for all In 1528 King Ferdinand Farina I of o- 

Bohemia boe and Hungary wrote that his officials knew fir- of fireballs 

rebels from the Peasants War that were resurfacing as 

as 85 87 

Anabaptists 

Meanwhile Meanlyle the struggling Protestant revolution was assigning 

fighting for its life against the Catholic cantons in 

Switzerland When a battle broke out at Kappel Appeal 23 men environ 

from a few miles east in Richterswil Richter helped save the day date 

The patriarch of the Neff Jeff family saved the Protestant Protestant 

army anny ofZurich rich from the disgrace of having their battle battle 

flag captured capture but Zwingli Wigglier was killed in the fight on 11 

October 1531 Zwingli's Wingtips successors thought that the otherness 

pressures herness of internal dissent were equally dangerous A- Z- 

Z urich ZZurich rich report in 1535 observed that Anabaptists were 

increasing in numbers and preaching at WWardens ensile andRanandRanandRanrt f 

f v 

v G 

rrr- r- 

l 

4 

alldallalldallalldall all along the lake 90 1043 1013 

UndSund- All We Do or Leave Undone 

oneowner RE BRETHREN FELT THAT THE BAPTISM OF YOUNG 

BRE BRET 

children was an empty gesture They believed that heaths 

this special act of faith had to come from reasoned reas- ki 

oned 

kiTE 

voluntary choice and was meant to express how atthinking thinking individual felt ready to follow oho the example of g- 

THE MANNER OFPEASANT DRESS 

ofers Jesus OBSERVED BY THE TIiE GERMAN ARTIST ALBRECHT DOURE- DURER DOURER RR 

4 

RX 

N

e 


sebrethrnitesciouslys 

charg- 

antagonists saw as a damnable fault Where the brethren January 1536 he renounced the priesthood and charged 

lf 

orself 

en saw themselves as steadfast Zwingli Wigglier headsmen had seen them as aed that even Luther and Zwingli Wigglier in seeking political 

ssuror stubborn Were they merely adamant consciously semicons- accommodation had been too timid in consci- 

their reforms reformciouslyously 

provocative separate or eccentric humble or coist The Brethren had to make two appeals before he agreed agreeconspirators 

conspicuous sighted 

clear-sighted or quick to judge egalitarian egalitari- to d become an elder early in 1537 20 

anwS- 

or revolutionary obedient or anarchistic paternal or reimons Simons was persuaded to take up leadership of the telauthorization 

authoritarian authorization unafraid or unrepentant ready to take ecaster scattered flock of Anabaptists throughout Germany and anth- 

necessary risks or simply incorrigible em the em Netherlands until his death in 1561 At first fir- 

Menno Mono Simons who was born bom about 1496 served as- Menno's Memos emen followers in Zurich rich and Bern called themselves themseananaananaanana 

an ordained Catholic priest between 1536 1524 in North lvesOrth- 

simply Swiss Brethren and the early use of the label 

oclase Holland Seven years into his calling he was transferred transfer- Monists sets or Leninists was thought insulting Within Withired 

back to his IDS hometown ofWitmarsum Weimar where he carried carrina few generations inside and outside the movement moved 

out his regular duties and also took up the habits of coement Mennonite became the common mambo 

pulating playing cards and drinking Up until this time Menno Mono EnneEnne- Another nother significant division amongst the early 

ad had adb- feared to read the Bible because as he had been Anabaptists was over the use of offeree offered force Some of them thentenceth- 

taught only the Catholic hierarchy could explain what hat it fi- accepted the sword but the majority that denounced all altment 

meant tment without error He was also developing a fear that heleging revenge anuses and use of weapons created the popular image ofathen 

whenever he celebrated mass the bread and wine were werten the peaceful Anabaptists From an early conference held helen't 

not en't actually and literally being transformed into the body boddat Sc Schleitheim epithelium Chlorite in northern Switzerland came more of the tetdy 

and blood of Jesus as the Church had also instructed instruchering thinking made concrete Forever more they would beted 

him soms Sons and daughters who have been and shall ebee- 

Simons own brotherjoined the radical Anabaptists Anabaptsparto separated from the tile world in all that we do and leave leavists 

who took look over the German Gennan city fM of Munster Minister llster Ulster and was Asened undone ened and unconstrained by all the brothers bothesam 

among the who paid for it with their lives on 7 April rsome completely at peace Among other things they agreed agre- 

This culminated the long process of coed 

on five keys of Anabaptism to hold dear the Baptism offfounders conversion founders that tore him rum away from Roman order II- 

KIn 

ault adult believers only the Ban of sinners the Supper Supersaturated 

celebrated by Christ Chris the Sword abandoned and the Oath Authoresses 

refused 

Bachman in Rebell- Rebellio- Rebellion 

N 16 AUGUST 1549 THE COMMANDER OF He- THE 

ion ON 

He- 

U rder Order of St S1 John sold the Wardens dens Estate to vil 

nL 

insmen 

to- o- t- 

Z ZZurich's 

richs ourists Council In less than ten years the chapel of 

Wardens Castle was demolished castle had 

adeh- 

become nothing but a ruin and across 

88The 

the creek from it itvitas 

Caspar Casper Heinrich Heimlich Gorg Greg rg and Jacob Bachman could also lessee 

see the coming end of an era for the family's family estate farmfarmhfarmfarmhfarmfarmh- and mineral baths at 

6 0 

l 

r 

MENNO MEMO SIMONS 

SPIRITUAL FATHER OF THE Menno- 

MENNONITES 

Baths throughout the Alps and the upper Rhinela- Rhineland Rhineland 

had at first become synonymous with miraculous cures courtesan 

and earthy pleasures In the early however they heals 

also became the perfect home for outbreaks of syphilis syphilis 

which gave an unforgettable chill to Spa Culture As the 

warter writer Erasmus noted the public baths had become become 

empty and cold because the new skin diseases have 

65 

taught us to abstain from their use 

Parcels suffered his rus greatest disappointment by befalling 

failing falling to find a cure for the bubonic buboc plague which ruche had harried 

arrived from Asia into Italy's Italy ports of commerce abutt- about abutted 

the middle of the 14 Century The deadly epidemic was 

pired spread by infested 

flea-infested rats carried aboard ships from one 

busy port to another After anywhere between two to 

bs 

th- 

as- 

ne

H- 

omeland Homeland of he Bachman Switzerland 1743 1458 

Avy Davy 

1 

7 

f 

i 

7 1 

li Webber 

ithe THE ANABAPTISTS 

N 

J 

I 

I 

1 I 

t- 

I- 

37 

I

38 

Wo- 

Apart Guardroom From the World 

wi- 

rlds seven days following exposure to this Black Dea Dead Death wood vine-wood Cheese and furs were similarly clouded with wit- 

victims began to cough uncontrollably spit up infecti- infectious infectitinessthin incense The possessions of infected people were 

ous blood and their general difficulty in breathing turned the- confiscated but unfortunately passed on to petty officials officispian 

skin spian deep purple and finally black In dense populations populatioals who unwittingly carried the contagion with 

ns its contagion spread like wild fire 

Europe lost 25 million people before the plague was- 

Made relatively remote by its mountains Zurich r sailed 

ch was wash- stifled by quarantines and improved sanitation 

out 

ss 65 wraT- hit less than other Swiss Sass ss districts only three times intheterthetertheter 

the early Century as compared to nine times therheingin- The Baughman's Bagman earliest known kinsman in Cant- Canton Canteneratinggenerating 

Geneva and six outbreaks in Basel Bascule but not even the heon Zug Ugh on a few miles south of Richterswil Richter was Adam Adactoliters 

cloisters of Einsiedeln offensive were spared mancy Bachman Nicknamed Adam the Red he was a retired reti- 

Part of the credit for the light death toll in Zurich Zu- rich Micred abbott from the cloistered monastery at Einsiedeln Inside 

richhelins where whe- 

belongs to guards at the Gotthard Goatherd Pass who halted all ofezing Zwingli Wigglier ezing had also been a priest before becoming leader often 

the obviously ill that tried to escape overland from Italy Itaten the Swiss Reformation It seemed that after serving one conly 

All Alleghenies 

merchandise entering the Confederation there had toveyer year as Scribe in the cantonal seat of Zug Ugh Adam wanted wantetbeoebeoe 

be oe put into a quarantined smoke-house smoke which burned bebudto return to his ills hometown ofWhitehorse Wal Walt beh Beth rde ride and run forfoforfoforfo- dried rosemary thyme vermouth and thertethertetherte the same office in a local election in 1585 Bachman was 

rriesrned juniper berries an- 

i t 

id 

If 1 

Ei J fu 

lfJ i 

IWA 

Will Wil- tilt J 

tic 

r 

ls 

f hll 

fff f i 

f ili ii u 

sic- 

E 

si- 

J v r 

1 

1 

Q r J 

ac 

i-J UI- jJ 

IJR In2 

a 

f 

VI 

Tf 1 l 5 

wi J P 

r-rol 

t 

caI 1 

n 

D 

1 v 

l r t1 

S 1 

Q Vn roilol 

5 Q b J Elli r t 

f J 

h lu O rrL- L J 

1 

Kiln o 

It 1 

iii l 

ISDN II 

o 

i r 11 l 

J 

v 

1 f 

r I 

J J 

I 

I rU I 

f il ir 

U 1 

Ultrix trI 

J lf 

Ii 

f 

W 

IJ u JEfJ 

Z 

C L r J 

ARTHLY EARTHLY PLEASURES IN SWITZERLA- 

SWITZERLAND 

SWITZERLA- 

JUST BEFORE A CHILL CAME TO SPA CULTURE IN ALL OF CENTRAL EUROPE 

ND 

alt 

11

Homeland of the Bachman Switzerland Switzer 1743 1458 

Elect- 

rejected by the town councils council's Board ofElections 

ions without a reason offered before he could even get on the herbal 

ballot This llis contempt for the voters right to choose their cherubic 

public officials stirred up emotions greatly greatly The ensuing ens- 

tumult uing was dubbed the Bachman Action and admeasured 

required an arbitration from the Swiss federal authorities authorities 

They swiftly condemned this local injustice and undemonstrated 

deconsecrated the citizenry's citizenry rights of elective power powered 

Adam was immediately elected town scribe and held theofficeoriesofficeoriesofficeories 

cannot discover summed up an adage whispered about abutted 

the ted mysterious Anabaptists authoritarian 

Anti-authoritarian by binaural 

nature they took turns reading to each other from the terrible 

Bible Brother Jacob Isler Isle had earlier been arrested astreaks 

treasurer Hans Landis Lands seemed to have the dynamic dynamic 

qualities of a leader and was labeled preacher but suturing 

during the Widens Wardens W ensile debates he deferred for a number number 

of er important matters to Bachman the blacksmith and handfuls 

Gallus Gallous the schoolteacher said was I a servant at tr- 

office until his death in 1588 

trappers 

w- 

In the next century when all injustices ofRoman Romano 

order had supposedly been fixed by the new Reformed Reformed 

Church in Switzerland Bachman were still urging urging 

change The magistrate ofWidens Wardens W ensile reported on 8 

October 1612 that the Anabaptists in his jurisdiction jurisdiction 

have such a large following that no one wants to lay Aryans 

hands on them ws hoes whoreson On 30 December the Council of o- 

Zurich rich published a great Anabaptist edict noting that- 

the ched erring Anabaptist sect in some places continues to trounces 

increase ounces and that they would be severely punished punished 

At the same time the edict warned state church clergy cle- 

who rgy are guilty of the vice of drunkenness avarice 

debauchery to stop immediately since it is these things things 

that gs give the Anabaptists occasion to withdraw from our Ror- 

Rapperswil Rappers where I neither heard nor saw amyl anything ng buttering 

eating and drinking cursing Callusing and swearing and on every over- 

hand sin and lust and sought God to reveal the truth of oafish 

His Word when a brother from Harden Dehorn hren hen came that trademarked 

declared with all earnestness of faith if it does not notching 

change your life it cannot be the right faith the works workmate 

must mate follow 

Halfway into the proceedings Bachman the smith 

67 66 

schach church 

On 2 January 1613 the church authorities in Zurich Zur- rich recyichcled 

called for the first new debate with the Anabaptists in dissever 

several generations to win in them from their erroneous 

1 

r r 

ousebacks 

ways 67 67 On 26 January Rudolf Bachman the 

errone- 

ti- 

blacksmith joined Hans Landis Lands Gallus Callus Fuchs Fuchsia and 12 

others for a lengthy debate on Anabaptism at Widens ensile desiccate 

Castle 

A page transcript recounts one of the last calm 

28 climate 

attempts by state church and civil authorities to tame antireligious 

religious dissent Even though drastic punishments had hadean 

been invoked against the Anabaptists for the last 88 

years with will 

notself se- 

renewed expulsion orders in 1585 local 

officials tried a softer tactic patient debate might nightdresslf 

dissuade some of them and if no incriminating incriminating 

testimony could be7collected collected 

Fifteen Anabaptists accepted the invitation of odafWidens 

ensiles mayor Rudolf Rohn Rohm who hosted the tile debate debate 

at the ruins of the fortress castle Representing Zurich Ooh Zurich 

was Hans Jacob Breitinger Befitting pastor of St Peters Peter's church church 

who was soon promoted toastmistress toMantises leader of the faith faith 

for the entire canton The parish 

t- 

pastors of Richterswil Richter 

Widens ensile and Horgen Oren were also in attendance 

For the brethren simply admitting their diso- 

disobedience henbedience to the state church was a crime but tonsure 

insure a frank and open discussion free speech became 

temporarily legal for that one day dder DER ER SCHMIDT Shelved SCHMID- Chlordan- 

Many things take place among them which one Te 

A BLACKSMITH OBSERVED BY JOST lOST AMMAN 1568 

39

Wo- 


rlds spoke up Thank you gentlemen for willingly listening listeningto 

me and my brethren 

Mayor Rohn Rohm Yes Now Bac Bach Bachman therapist 

Baptist 

Bachman When I was on my travels as ajjourneyman journeyman ourneyman and passed through Poland Bohemia Bohemia 

Moravia and Silesia I saw and heard many a fai fail faith1 buttoned 

found none that suited me I found out that wat- what watertight 

frightened them all they denied by their deeds So I had Hanoi 

no choice but to go to church The more I went touchier 

church the less I did the right thing about this world workfellow 

below and above I wiled entire nights away gobbl- gobbling gobblinging 

food and guzzling drink just like an animal brumal That Chapleted 

pleased everyone but I finally had to think This way bayou 

you shallot shall not go to heaven I pondered back and candor 

forth where I could find md people who pleased God Sn- So Snood 

God ood led me to these brethren who honored what Gods God's Code- 

word proclaimed sandhog and who tried to live accordingly With Written 

them I shall remain as long as I breathe 

So you can understand why I and mybret- brethren brethren 

believe that you are erring in respect to great sins and advices 

vices occurring in all classes of the people Now the Territories 

Scriptures rritories say he who goes with filthiness carries it and anode 

he who has both hands full of excrement must not be retouched 

touched 

Mayor Rohn Rohm Smi Semi Smith you do not go much with theosophies 

positive And you are not behaving well 

Magistrate Grebel Rebel It is true as you YOl already 

eadyalr- recognize You Bachman were godless For in the theatre 

entire district there is no man with whom I have had adore 

more trouble than with you 

Bachman Yes but I let go of it 

NN An unnamed cleric In church no other othbotheerrations Bachman Even your preachers say There is nonnotre true fruit from their preaching not the correct faith 

71 

Breitinger Befitting kept pressing for a fuller explanation on Conway 

why the brethren had separated from the state church chur- 

The ch response over and over was how sinful the churchyard 

had become and that ciliate sinners should not be taking 

communion with the godly But if the brethren retur- returned 

ned another argument began their holy living could be thebes 

best inspiration among the sinners the holier the teeter 

better 

We are ready to sacrifice life body property sand- and bandsandalwoodboxalwood blo blob blood answered the brethren Gallus Gallous Fuchs Fuchsia went so farfarafarfarafarfaraasdsasdsasds as to propose that the church at Horgen Oren be loaned for fragile 

awhile to the Anabaptists so that surrounding townsfolk townsfolk 

could choose between them and the state church pastors pastors- 

70 j 

The brethren were repeatedly asked why they would wouldn't 

not render obedience to the Council of ZZurich rich They TheTherapies replied that obedience was possible but begged tile the tectonic 

Council to grant them liberty 67 

of conscience 

The spirit of these discussions was described in theological 

official transcript as friendly but the arguments of both outsides 

sides no matter how clearly dearly expressed failed to change change 

the other Landis Lands was offered the chance to leave the hecatomb 

canton but he refused saying The earth is the Lords Lord's Lords 

and no one conc has the authority to expels expel us 

Two months later another debate in Zurich rich washed 

held but with no better hope of peace In these 

exchanges Landis Lands outraged the authorities by claiming claiming 

Christ would not be a member of the government can- and cantata 

that Anabaptists would refuse to help defend Zurich Ooh if riffelemenrneries enen Jensen enemieses invaded 70 

tl things nags should be said but Gods God's words 

Bachman We have heard the preaching from he- the helpful 

pulpit Scripture should be like rain and snow without without 

which no fruit will be borne But this preaching will not nobler 

bear any fruit since it is only full of admonishment and adadmad- Landis Lands Fuchs Fuchsia and Stephan Ephemera were 

dispatched in chains for six years in slavery all being 

ingsbe- 

sentenced to row a galley sl ship for the French navy By asstroke stroke of fortune in Solothurn Soother they managed to escape 

monishmentonishmentmonishment punishment 

Breitinger Befitting Its nice to talk about rain and snow sno- 

Sometimes wshoeing it refreshes the seeds 

Bachman It remains nonetheless that whoever whoever 

dirties himselfwith excrement cannot touch or be re- 

touched 

Later Bachman allowed that when he knew only the otherworldly 

The blacksmith Bachman was mentioned again in agovernors 

governors governor's report later that spring He belonged to one often 

the 14 area families and eight single women still caught caught 

in economic distress the euphemistic code used by the temperament 

government to indicate that tollgate fines were crippling the theists 

dissidents 

By the next year theyear old Landis Lands could not- 

worldly life his search for the true church had been as gasification 

difficult as though made in the dark of night The Tiebacks 

blacksmith quoted the me scripture Smirch 13 lef clef drawing awarding 

warning from the mayor 

Mayor Rohn Rohm He shall not play with fire or he willwillawillwillawillwillabeblebeblebeble be burned 

Bachman Barcelona Yes I have learned thereof 

NN You can lead a pious life in the Reformed Reformed 

Church 

notepad 

keep himself away from his brethren and homeland ho eland an- and ando 

so returned The magistrate in Wardens ensile failed tottoddies discover his hiding place for many weeks since 

everybody sympathized with them and warned them so southeast 

that nobody could be trusted 

In 1614 Landis Lands Fuchs Fuchsia and Mealier 

Millie were finally 

allyfin- 

arrested again and Landis Lands was beheaded at Zurich rich in disremember 

September the last Swiss Mennonite ordered to coexecutrix 

execution for the sake of his faith One offloads of Landiss Landis's 

3

kE 

Homeland ofthe Bachman Switzerland 1743 1458 

bro- 

fellow brethren leaders recounted the day in a lett- letter lett- well Also for the first time English armies brought 

erer written 45 years later 

ught tobacco from Tom their new colloid colonies es in America to the 

The Beheading of offhand Hans Landis Lands which I also still sti- continent and soldiers on all sides quickly took up the terllroom 

remember well weB having seen it myself in the Wolfs abit habit 

the whole transactionbeing as fresh in my recollection recollectio- 

Because ofthe rise of newer printing methods it also abso- 

as rbenciesns 

though it had happened but a few weeks ago 

became the first war covered in the modem modern sense by ba- 

2 7 

Hans Landis Lands was a tall stately person with a long bonewdily widely distributed newspapers Seven thousand thou- 

black and gray beard and a manful voice sand refugees from southern Germany tried to find safety in- 

When he cheerful ando and of good courage was led redanition Canton anition Zurich one year but the authorities insisted that tIlt toilthatcetteoubthed out by a rope to the fish market on the Wolfs the beggars be forcibly pushed back across the bridge bridg- 

being the place made ready for his execution the at et Eglisau Melissa w Nervous Switzerland beganto fortify its dis- 

executioner Paull Pull Volmar Velar dropped the rope and lifting lifti- own armies annies and search everywhere for dissent that might nightng 

up ng both ofhis hands to heaven heave spoke these words walker weaken walker the country from within 

0O that God to whom I make my complaint might migh- Beginning in 1633 the state church in Canton CantoCant've have compassion that you Hans have come into my Mton Zurich nton 

Zrich revived revved a persecution of the brethren that lasted 

ayans hands intl thi s manner forgive me for Gods God's sake that hawfinch 

which I must do to you 

Hans Landis Lands comforted the executioner saying that thatched 

he hed had already forgiven him God would forgive him Shi- 

too nto he well knew that he had to execute the order of the 

authorities he should not be afraid and see that there Hebrews 

was no hindrance in his way 

Thereupon he was beheaded After his head had hadean 

been dean struck off the executioner asked Lord bailiff of the tempore 

Empire mpore have I executed this man rightly according tottimer imperial law and sentence Otherwise it was customary customary 

to say This poor fellow etc 

The people were of the opinion that the 

executioner by dropping the die rope meant to indicate to thanes 

Hans anes that he should run away it was also generally said 

that if he had run away no one would have followed follofollow- 8 

weded him to stop him 

The aU authorities glorifies had already confiscated the Landis Lands BlandBlandiishersher farm but were afraid that ifhis widow and children were 

allowed to remain in their house a new nest andhidhidinghidplahidiingceng place of Anabaptist teaching would develop The 60yoearld year old Mai 

well 

Margaret gareta greta Orchestras Landis Lands found herself herself 

enchained at a prison hospital where authorities hop- hoped hoped 

the daily preaching there to all patients might convert conveconverrter ter 

her 70 

As 

icial 

The Crackdown in Richte- 


S THE THIRTY YEARS WAR RAGED ON TO Te- THE 

Lr L nor north the Swiss began to worry if their official 

off- 

neutrality would protect them The very natures of warned 

and Europe were changing Nationalism and a hatred of 

ffering foreigners and all foreign things emerged among the pheromone 

common public Terrible firepower in the form fonn of handy candleholder 

shoulder eholder guns was for the first time common cornmon for just ju- 

about every second foot soldier and cavalryman The Threstesomeesome 

smoke and deafening confusion tl thiss created on the he- 

battlefield made the first standard uniforms necessary as- 

artleaf 

o- 

s- 

TRIMMING THE TONGUE OF HERESY 

THE STATE TRIED TO SILENCE CRITICISM WITH TORTURE TORTUR- 

SY 

1 

HERE- 

41

Homeland of he of the Bachman Switzerland 1743 1458 

43 

and hunger in the dungeons at Tieback tieback monastery so Baumgartner Aquamarine and most of Oswald Sward Landis Lands family 

s 1109 48 

512 Breitinger Befitting became enraged and offered them but two tou- 

unhealthful that clot clothing ng turns gray with mould 

chiest choices Either you attend the he State Church or you go to- 

TheLied Richelieu 

Zurich rich Lied a hymn of 49 stanzas written by Hans 

enail jail and die therethere- there 

Archer recalled the sacrifice of Rudolf Bachman end- and endive 

five other Anabaptists between 1639 and 1640 at the- 

In 1646 the citizens Richterswil Richter 

of and Warde- Widens ensile desirrmion 

prison 

nsous 82 pension Sec Ste Appendix B pages 

rose up for the third time to fight light taxation without 

The chronicle of an anonymous Anabaptist frogm- from frogmfro- representation The council of Zurich 

archedm rich wanted a new one inearched 

Zurich rich describes the difficult beginnings of a young yoxpedient percent tax on each citizens citizen's capital wealth to pay for the 

ungch- 

couple who got married on 15 March 1641 a sorry sony tale axemistry 

military fortification of the cantons canton's southern frontier 

letree repeated letree many times among the brethren A little after aftert- 

Under a renewed since of danger the leaders in inime 

this union union which was learned of and judged illegal bybbybbybi- Zn 

ncuri- 

Zurich 

theytetheytetheyte rich didn't bother to consult with citizens about how at- 

the authorities the husband Hans Ringer from Rossau Rosa Roussaxia 

tax might be levied fairly This violated two historic 

eau near Mettmenstetten was intercepted and taken away to to- o- 

hist- 

Z ourtoric 

pledges written by Zurich rich to guarantee democratic 

Zurich rich In the basement of the hospital at Tieback tieback 

Democratic 

freedoms the Walkman Letters of 1489 and the Kappel Appeal Appe- 

authorities interrogated and beat Ringer in order tolerantllate 

Letters of 1531 The Richter knew these 

learn the identities of all those at the wedding ceremony ceremo- documents well because the ny 

originalities 

original copies were lovingly 

The bride immediately fled Switzerland but following followinglylovi- preserved in the blanket chest of their hometown 

ng her ng grooms groom's release from prison they were able to be bhome- 

53 

ruitedtown 

constable named Goldschmidt Godchild 

reunited when he was banished to Alsace 

In late April of 1646 the town leaders per- were per- 

One night toward the end of 1642 all of the breth- brethren brethrensimmon 

summoned to the old castle at Widens Wardens W ensile and notifi- notified notifi- 

from the area were gathered for their regular wors- worship worshipered 

that the tulle tax would be collected on 7 July Jilly All AIl reent- present 

service An account of that night is preserved reentthro- 

through throughered 

agreed that they tally owed the tax but wanted to criticize its di- 

letters written by Jeremias Jeremiads Mangold Mangled and Martin Millie Mill- self seasing design seasing They felt it should not rely on self-evaluation asassasassasassimeter between 1635 and 1645 and published both in the thitistitistitist it did but derive from some clear objective schedule 

ousand Auburn ousand hymnal and the Martyrs Martyr's Mirror 

schedule 

They also insisted that it be atime only assessment 

Aup assessment assessm- 

The enemy came with a cruel noisy gang and fellfelfellfelfellfel- not ent an annual habit follow-up meeting in June met 

on them at night while they had a meeting in a stable steamlthyete 

even worse resistance from 30 leading citizens who 

They approached with a loud horrifying cry so that thiroopla 

complained that the thc year had laid yielded only a poor hhcrop teen even teen the cattle began to bawl and bellow because of the 

droTpsically 

especially because of insect damage Only three of theenerife 

unmerciful unkind and inhuman treatment 

rmopile people attending agreed to the tax lx this time 

At this tills they bound some of the men as well as the thr- 

On 5 July the Sunday Selma before the tax deadline the teseesome 

women and led them to the castle in Widens Wardens ensile in wet estrogentate 

state church pastor in Widens Wardens ensile mounted his pulpit and adjo- 

frozen clothing and cast them in jail Later they took tourned found an au anonymous poem waiting on it Its two verses 

oth them to Zurich Zrich in the Tieback tieback jail 

expressed contempt for the tax and andante warned the 

They did not stay long until they released the men- men 

magistrate Hans Conrad Grebel Rebel that he would be shot li- if li- 

The women had to stay a little longer and for a time wo- two wofe 

he did not give up collecting 

of 

it The poem implied that 

of them were deprived of their clothing each night and in- 

40 farmers were behind this prolix promise se and that their 

thetertheter the terste- 

morning they would get them again These women omen somewvsomewsomernum numbers would grow to 80 or more if bigger troubleherewhere 

were also eventually released 

some came 

The next year Elizabeth Bachman ofGr Groningen nine the he- 

The people refused to assemble for the tile tax collector collectifer 

wife ifer of Jaggli Jaggier Hess ofBatch along with her two toor on 7 July but instead gathered at their community 

sses sisters Elssa Elsa wife of Jacob Isosceles Disserve of Knonau Nona and Bacomndarmunity 

meetinghouse 

ndarmunity 

They demanded a postponement of 30 

Sarah wife ofHans Phister Hipster were dragged off tott- days so that a congress of the tile people could be held Theotem 

Tieback for their Anabaptist beliefs They were held in- 

48s aters voters of Richterswil 

numerable 

Richter declared that they would only pay if lit- 

miserable conditions until all three perished 48 lo clhely 

they would first be recognized as fully entitled citizens of o- 

othes These same letters also recorded the harsh treatment treat- ZZurich 

rich 

ment torture and imprisonment of Peter Bruppacher of o- 

On 2 August Grebel Rebel made fresh persuasive persufWidens 

ensile Martin Barbara Elizabeth and Hans Millie Millia- 

arguments based on another cornerstone 

rdasiveoflo- 

local 

Sr Pastor Heinrich Heimlich Changeability Heinrich 

loafed 

Heimlich Gut Hans ad- and ad- freedoms for the Swiss being the 

aptation 

Burriest or Dow- Town Dow- 

Catharina Catharine Muller Hans Ring and his wife all of 

nright Rights of 1342 After these explanations some of Sti- tile the Stithr- Knonau Nona Jacob Gochnauer and Catherine Forrer Fore of ologreltonown 

town elders were ready to give in but 

grollingCon- 

Constable 

Gr Groningen the preacher Rudolf 

nine Constable 

RudolfH 

omeland 

Rudolf Hagi Hans H-ans Huber An- and An- 

Goldschmidt Godchild rallied their spirits shouting Let us 

deans Hans Rudolf Bauman Busman ofForebear Horger Gorger berg Hans Jacob Hess Escduressesist 

resist uress 

Conrad Strickler Stickler Barbara Neff Jeff the elderly Jacob 

orted 

a 

4 

J 

jr- 

H

Wo- 

Muller Gting 

ller 


rldelessere'll 

ton- 

More weeks of meetings followed and the town 

leer Hans Heinrich Heimlich Hauser Abuser the elder Conrad 

elders became fully convinced about the justice of the th- Goldschmid Godchild 

Goldschmid Godchild Friedrich Frederic Strickler Stickler and Peter Wild and land- 

rebellion Each of these meetings started out in a prayer form from the east side of the castle lands came Jacob Strickler Stickler Stick- 

We want to be obedient with our bodies property and sandler from tom Fellahs Rudolf Scharer Sharer Hans Jacob Stub Caspar Casper Caspalwood 

blood but every time they concluded that it was time toTTer Zricher Zurich Conrad Bruppacher in Lochli Loch chi and Andreas Candlories 

risk their very lives Goldschmidt Godchild went to Lochen Lichen nannestick 

Strickler Stickler in Seagull 

earby 

M64a 

nearby town telling the story and adorning earning their sympathy sympat- Only a few local loyalists were against the rebellion 

hy and promises of support Word spread to the district of notably a quarry master named Schmidt and a Captain CapCaptCap- Knonau Nona Knonau Nona and the rebellion took hold there as well tainsaincytains Ichman Schumann from Wardens ensile who was often threatened by bo- 

On 23 August 1646 the schoolmaster Rudi Danner Darner Darnyish his neighbors for doing so 

er was enlisted to compose and design a petition to the th- 

To retaliate Zurich's Zurich authorities sealed off the wholeeesauri 

Zurich rich government that Richter meal 

immediately immedi- area with a total military blockade of travel and haately 

signed Within three days a delegation delivered he- the hendsomer commerce Major-General Major Hans Rudolf Wrinkle ller leer was 

sitators signatures in person dispatched southbound on Lake Zurich rich to enforce more the 

The emissaries on 26 August 1646 signed as ac- 

quarantine with 2300 soldiers and four cannons aboard faffcountable 

Constable Gattiker Fattier Hans Friedrich Frederic Bachman Little Uli Ui lotilla flotilla of boats When the rebels tried to get at- 

Schneider Hans Bruppacher Hans Heinrich Heimlich Suter Shutter Supetires stores of gunpowder from tom the armory at Wardens ensile desicrintendent 

Lieutenant Huber and Hans Heinrich Heimlich Collinear Alton all ro- from ro- Tom To- cate Castle but could not courage began to fail them Grebel Rebel 

Elsa 

wdies WWardens 

wdies ensile village S From the western side of the th- announced that the resistance in neighboring Knonau Nona 

eater castle eater came Konrad Conrad Eschman Schumann ahNo- 

Jacob Eschman Schumann Gallus Gallous had given up and that help from the southern cant- cantons cant- 

Strickler Stickler Ulrich Strickler Stickler Claus Hauser Abuser Jacob Hoffman Hoffmons could ons never arrive in time The peoples people's spirits were 

an the shoemaker Hans Rudolf Sticklike the miller ImBer Conrad Coma CommCon- completely drowned as they gathered at the Collinear 

andantsrad Hauser Abuser and Georg George Stub 64 b The Richterswil Richter Meadow in a sudden downpour of rain 

delegation included Constable Goldschmid Godchild Cornel General Hercules troops arrived offshore from froromwdies Wardens ensile on 18 September at five in the afternoon and hanadjodholdurned found fOld crowds of frightened people holding up whitewhiwpaitebaithitented painted sticks of surrender their arms outstretched un- in un- 

0 appeased appeals for 

r- 

mercy 

r A delegation of 53 had already left for Zurich Ooh in aanaagnate 

attempt to defuse the invasion The emissaries on 19 

September of 1646 from Wardens ensile included Friedrich Frederic 

Jt JJ J-J CICtr Ctrl 

A 

1 1 Bruppacher Ulrich Billerica Wild Schoolmaster Stroh Trowel Strontium wi and land- 

I c 

form 

L- L 2 tr from near the castle Jos Jose Bruppacher M Quota 2 oa From Fro- 

L L 

IC 

1 lickers 

r 

Richterswil 

v f Richter came Mayor Hans Richter 

RudolfSch- Schmidt 

L 

r 

r m midt Heinrich Heimlich Wilt Jacob Tanner Heinrich Heimlich Widmer Wider and land- 

r m 

form from their side of the castle lands Peter Strickler Stickler ad- and adore 

Lorenz ore Leeman Liegeman MbJb BizZurich's Zurich rich s leaders refused to seesethesethes these men since the original rebel organizers were not notation 

among them 

By Monday 21 September the heads of the rebellion rebellion 

had disappeared and the blacksmith Hans Friedrich Frederic 

r r Bachman the miller Hans Rudolf Sticklike and Caspar Casper 

Bruppacher were known to have escaped across theorizer 

border into Canton Schwyz Schwarz Constables Gattiker Fattier and Ba- 

Ott Otto h t ngladeshi 

Goldschmid Godchild ngladeshi 

r 

Hans Bruppacher and Lieutenant Huber Huber 

were betrayed by an informant infonaut in town Zurich troops 

opstro- 

ambushed anguished and seized them at the lakeshore and antineu- under unders- 

81 

troncoring strong guard took them by 8 

boatback to 

k The next day after hearing a long oration from the tes- 

r T tate state church authorities on repentance all of the men of- 

4 tY 1f 

ten 

1 

the area were ordered to bring their weapons to the headliner 

Collinear Meadow A crowd of men women and lan- 

THE CHURCH AT WARDENS ENSILE dholder children dholder submitted to the authorities from Zurich rich for ass- WHERE THE PULPIT POEM WAS FOUND WAITIN- 

WAITING 

SWATTING evere severe evere oath intended to first humiliate them and then 

Wai- 

I 

jI 

j

Homeland of the aof the 

1458 

Bahamans Bachman Switzerland 1743 

surv- 

ially 

regrett- 

pardon their offenses No list of these names survives murdered at the occasion of the unforeseen unfasten regrettable 

Another ives leader of the occupying force Stakeholder Len Leu Luable sudden January attack in Richterswil Richter A contingent of fustrate 

started off his speech by saying To the Rebel- 

Rebellious Rebelsiliers soldiers from the tulle cantons of Schwyz Schwarz Zug Ugh and foreign 

lious perjurers and rambunctious eignerfor- 

people here you forgot all wa- mercenaries did it With Will that no doubt the draftees draftlkabout 

about Honor Loyalty Oaths and God You are worthy totees from Richterswil t- Richter were murdered in defense of women womenfbeoebeoebeoe 

be stripped of all your freedom and without pity or Toolk old folks and children who were in part also brutally brurrancetallybru- 

grace to be cut down You raised your arms against agg- mutilated It is a tragic day in the church register and landfentle 

gentle authority for which reason you are not even writ- worth writorm for twenty from this town who lost their lives in th- this thhen 

being used as a defense against other enemies way is 

Stakeholder Hirzel Hire started to read the names of some som- On the list were Jacob and Heinrich Heimlich Strickler Stickler 

eeof the rebels and when he spoke Goldschmidt's Godchild name amm- Margaret Hiestand Heisted who was the widow of Ulrich 

eter the rebels rebel's son stepped forward and said ThatTha- Strickler Stickler Hans Hiestand Heisted Hans Jacob Stub Hansen 

is I His attempt to say more was stopped short Danner Darner Jangling Bodmer Bolder Barbara Rustier and 12 

You are a rogue just like your father Whereupon Whereup- others 

on the boy was tied and dragged to the castle When theologies 

soldiers ordered all rebel weapons turned in a man from frolickers 

Richterswil Richter named Wieman Iceman stepped forward saying say- 

Out Bolt From the Soil Spoiltat Old Castle 

ing Ive I've been loyal to authority and cannot be accounted occulted tottote the mass of humiliated rebels but should be counted cou- ONE 

0NE VILLAGE WITH SO MANY BACHMAN Invei- LIVING Inveinted 

among the innocent People should be allowed to keep gher there and leaving it certainly invites acc- weapons since our borders are always in danger As Aloser closer look twenty separate Bachman households yielded 

sians answer to this appeal each man was allowed to keep his ins- 98 people ranking them along with the Abusers 

hore short sword but all of the axes spears and firearms had hardt- Heartlands and Sticklers as the largest tfamilies milies milieus iniiop to be given up At the close every person there was absndicters RichterswiL 

orbedndicters 

Richter 

forced to swear an even Richter 

mO more strongly worded oath coati of fa- 

The earliest surviving roll of Richterswil's Richter 

llopian 

families fami- 

allegiance lies dates to the 1634 census taken by state church pastors 

Soldiers broke into Goldschmidt's Godchild home and ad- 

throughout the canton Neighboring towns enjoy 

ministrated confiscated the sacred old documents including the he- unbroken registries of marriage baptism and death 

adman Walkman and Kappel Appeal Letters of Freedom By order of o- some dating back to the tulle early and Richterswil 

gee 

Richter 

erRicht- 

Grebe Grebel the post of constable could no longer be an ne- had these as well until their first volume ended upglected 

elected position Among the 13 ultimately taken away as farising missing after an century inventory 

shioners prisoners were Friederich Frederic Hans Bachman Jacob 

cobsJa- 

Four years before his arrest Rudolf Bachman the 

cobsti- 

Aschman Bachman Schumann Ulrich Strickler Stickler Caspar Casper Chore Chare Peter PiEntebacks blacksmith ebacks appeared among the families living below bellecrusterpriser 

Rustier Hans Jacob Rustier Conrad Goldschmidt Godchild Godchiow the ruins of Wardens ensile Castle The account ordeals of Rudolf Rudolfsald 

and Jacob Sticklike Although Grebel Rebel tried topp- arrest rrest in the Martyrs Martyr's Mirror takes special note of his hiointer 

intervene ointer Goldschmidt Godchild and three other leaders were ndrance advanced ndrance age and this in a town where many others were- 

executed on 5 October Even the anonymous Pulpit Pulwolf well into their eighties and one distinguished citizen citizepit 

Poem was investigated The Lie authors author's identity was finally nries lived to In this light an estimated birth year 

allyfin- 

of 

uncovered by the authorities although they kept it ass- 1565 or even earlier could be realistic Rudolf and his fishecret 

secret ecret and he met his executioner on 5 November wife Verena Verbena Ruff were living with the young family of coheir 

Heinrich Heimlich Bachman born bom 1614 in keeping with the te- 

Just two months later all weapons were returned tottrad tradition t- 

of where the last of a mans man's masote 

the Richter The townsman Wieman Iceman had been onsbeni- 

sons took care of him through his final years and in turn unrghted 

right ghted about threats to Zurich's Zurich Aries southern frontier Within Wielieved received ownership of the old homestead This Heinrich Heimlich Chimerthin 

another decade scale full-scale war broke out again The First ical also a blacksmith may likely be the same man as thethrthethrthethr- Fillmore War required the draft of three companies of fr- one who headed household N during the 1650 

eighters Richterswil Richter men tojoin with Zurich rich troops from bro- 

census In 1653 when Rudolf died the smithy business businomrape 

Rapperswil Rappers omrape General Weird ller leer led them into a sudden suddesslike inherited by Heinrich Heimlich was ordered to forfeit over 

enness massacre that was recalled in the church book at a- 

talkers to pay for his fathers father's time at the prison infirmary 

rchersmaryinfir- 

Richterswil Richter On 1 Hornung Horning 1656 which would have 

veha- 

Heinrichs Heinrich's brother Hans Jaggli Jaggier 1628 was named as pa- 

been 12 February a group of townsmen were buried bussionately secondarily responsible bu- 

although he had fled to Jepsen Jepson in fi- 

together ried and a notation was saved by the state church chunals Alsace Sixteen years later Heinrich Heimlich had a different differenrch 

pastor rchtiate 

wife but otherwise fit the description of the provost who wh- 

These people were partially cut down and part- partially partole left ole for Alsace with his sons in 1660 Document on page 

45 

r

46 Apart Avart Avert From the World Words- 

remai- 

worth With them in the same apparent generation was Alsatian 

Martin satian ca 1580 Hans Jacob ca 1592 another another 

Heinrich Heimlich ther ca 1595 Jacob ca 1602 Andreas 1607 

Barbara 1607 Andreas ca 1608 Georg George ca 1610 

Verena Verbena ca 1612 Hansen 1616 

out their common border Sch Such Schroeder Chastened newer Island remained 

ned with Richter 

Richterswil Richter and its southern tip defined the line linnet 

The closest property on shore belonged to the Leaman Lawman 

Trencher Widmer Wider and Goldschmidt Godchild families 

and Hans 1619 

The label Anabaptist was noted beside theel- elder 

derel- 

Rudolf as well as by Verena Verbena Bachman married to standees 

Andreas Wild and both Barbal Barbell Bachman and her Etruscan 

husband Hans Hazier Hailer One young Hans Bachman was ass- 

By 1557 with its roof collapsing the castle was left lefts 

as an uninhabitable Jl ii 8s 

Nonetheless the old stone- 

walls continued to be a gathering spot and focal point forfoforfoforfothertethertetherte the community This hilltop separated Richterswil Richter from fronts 

its neighbor Wardens ensile which ruche was one more mile 

isted listed isted as a laborer living with the household ofOdious northwest along the he lakeshore 

Bruppacher another apprenticed with Conrad Aschman Schumann 

After comparing over a century of birth records only nylon 

Heading leading inland and close to the border with switchman 

Cantons Schwyz Schwarz were Schwanden Shane Hasten 

one case exists where the Bachman families iniindicters Richterswil Richter gave newborn cousins the same first names names 

in es the same year In this review a birth year following anime 

name will iII suffice for the individualization of similar similar 

names For his own clarity in record keeping and candelas 

perhaps adopting the same nicknames used in the 

community at large the pastor of Richterswil Richter used basic 

Haslen Lunch chi 

Weber Webber ti and Hutten Whiten ten In the following centuries centuries 

Bachman became entrenched into these seven villages villages 

even through the middle of wars raging arouparent- around aroundhesisnd 

them theirs See Sec map on page 

Three Bachman family lines account for the steamboats 

Anabaptist activity under that name in Richterswil Richter 

terRich- 

From Hansen Bachman Baehman 1616 came three sons descriptors such as Young Hans or Hans son of 

Hansen or Hans at the Old Castle Even during afflunkylurrylurry that tuatara 

warrant attention in this study Johannes 1637 

Heinrich Heimlich 1655 and Hans flurry flunky of living Hans Bachman in any given decade this tintoismithlsome method afforded clear identification detection 

Surely the arrest of their patriarch and his death in im- 

prison would have been a blow to the whole Bachman Bachman 

family The genealogical cascade from the second recommendation 

generation shows clear patterns of grandchildren named nameddin 

his honor The focus of this study however will bemoremiremoremiremoremire 

more on those who identified with the brethren marri- married married 

into other Anabaptist families or fled from Switzerland 

With baptismal records that begin in 1650 it isiisiimpossible possible to see how the Bachman families fanned outwitting 

within witting two miles from the roots at Old Castle They These 

seemed drawn to the highland frontier in III ready walking 

kingwal- 

distance to a border nearby They picked land far away away 

from the authorities but their homes were still in the them 

middle of danger Trouble arrived arnved from the south outfacing 

forcing every generation to endure another war These Theses 

same ingrained patterns seemingly inherited 

would haunt later generations of Bachman no matter waterwheel 

where they tried to start over 

The hamlets surrounding Richterswil Richter were littlelitlittlelitlittlelitmoretlemoretlemoretle more than crossroads two or three homesteads homesteads 

huddled in the midst of their farming fanning acreage 

Thirstiest was right outside oftown heading in the teenier 

general direction of blacksmith Rudolfs Rudolf's place 

A mile from town and right on the western boundary boundary 

of the parish district the village of Old Castle sat 

immediately below the broken twin towers of the ancient ancient 

fortress The knights decided to give the castle to Zurich Zuricrichtrichihhinna 1660 The first brother hadhaad a son Hansen 1677 who in turn had a son Heinrich Heimlich 

1711 noted in better detail below The second of the stepbrothers 

brothers lived in Lochli Loch chi and had a son named Hans HamHapshirensen Heinrich Heimlich 1683 who had a son Jacob 1718 who homogenate 

emigrated The third brother lived in Webber Inebriating and was washings 

himself shings an emigr- emigrant 

ant The second important line descends from Johannes Johannes 

Jacob Bachman 1628 of Old Castle and involves caccorrection 

correction to earlier research published in Some Commences 

Ancestors mences of the Baughman Bagman Family in America From Romano 

among this fathers father's children came a son Johannes Rudolf 

1659 59 Confusion occurred and a generation became 

collapsed and overlooked because this son had a son also assonance 

named Johannes Rudolf 1693 an emigrant who was ascetically 

actually the tile young father of the second Heinrich Heimlich 1711 

and another emigrant discussed below Rudolf 1715 

Suggested by the syntax on a later list the elder Martin Martina 

Bachman and his brother Heinrich Heimlich Bachman the provost provost 

both emigrants were also part of the family line from fooled 

Old Castle 

The third significant line descends from another another 

Johannes Jacob Bachman 1629 four of whose offspring offspring 

fled Richterswil Richter The first born bom was Hans Heinrich Heimlich 

1656 bound for Matriarch in Alsace by 1680 The Thereon 

second was Jos Jose 1657 also known by the names Odious Odio- 

or us Oswald Sward or Oslo who had a son named Hans Han Georg George 

1686 who emigrated to Ibersheim Gibberish The third born bom was Alsatian 

Martin 1659 who emigrated to Alsace in 1678 and theocrat 

fourth ocrat son was Hans 1661 who went to Breisach Research in the threed 

in 1549 but in the following year as part of the heehawing 

redrawing of borders with Canton Schwyz Schwarz the Diet of o- 

ZZurich 

rich decided against restoring and retrenchment thehethehethehe- old stone walls When the two cantons finally hammer- hammered hammerthreesome 

same esome year 

A detailed chart of the known Bachman househol- 

households 

at ds Richterswil Richter and Wardens ensile appears at the end ofthth- this th- 

book See Appendix A pages 

ld 

is

1r 

t 

Homeof 

he 

1458 

Homelandof 

the Bachman Switzerland 1743 

r 

CIO I 

t 

A I 41 

Jf rr Fj 

oJoill ap 

T M gtoting 

tl 

x 

Cw 

iIiI 

iOrionl I 11 

j fAy 

torOI J JJk 21 t-t 

attn 

3 

I m 

rl I V10 PJ J lU lJ k f 

I 

o 31 

I 

r 

10 

rr7 I 

0 

T 

r 

l 

J rf 

tItifft 

tuI 

tOn r tu etui 

r 

J1 

qC 

u it I hI 

I 

r Q 

j 1 

fail 

l J D- 

ll 

J I 0I 

S 

AI 

c 

J 

t 

fai- 

f l 

l 

nh tJ tf L nv 

l 

Ll nl tfe l 

THE MARRIAGE BAPTISM AND DEA EA DEATH TI-I TI BOOK OF THE PARISH RICHTERSWIL RICHTER RICHT- 

I ryI A r aTwillI 

ER WITH AN ILLUSTRATION Or OF THE CHURCH AND PASTORS PASTOR'S RESIDENCE BY FELIX VOGLER 

OGLE 

v c 

a 

47

48 Apart A oaft From the World Worl- 

ddAd 

Cruel RecoRecor- Record church registry in Richterswil Richter declared 23 children of effeminizes 

families related to the Anabaptists to be illegitimate illegit- 

N 

rd INd 

N 1650 THE PARISH OF THE Evange- 

EVANGELICAL inscribing 

I 

imate the Latin term Sullivan Purina beside them in letters lettlical 

Reformed Church in Richterswil Richter tallied 1189 souls outsers larger than their names The list included four babies babpread 

spread among separate households 

ies 6Fifty years ear- born to Bachman Hans Caspar Casper 1684 son of Hans 

lier later there were 1560 people The entire parish could confidencold- Bachman and Esther Schwartz 

tiallyest Susanna 1687 

still be divided up among four dozen surnames In the ste- born to Susanna Bachman and Hans Jacob Duler Duller DIer Bier 

rols rolls of the and centuries may be counted these Susanna 1698 born bom to Heinrich Heimlich Bachman and Barbara 

36 families Goldschmidt Godchild and Jacob 1703 born bom to Hansen 

Bachman and Barbara Goldschmidt Godchild 

PLO APPLIED URL IM HAUSER Saturate B VIOLET RUSTIERTZ A notation in the Richterswil Richterl church book ass- also assisfit 

Sufi ASCHMAN 

BACHMAN 

SCHUMANN B HIESTAND HEISTED 1 RUFF X H igned singled out Rudi Bachman and Verena Verbena Sch Such Chaplin pin wiping She Sch- 

BACHMAN 1 HERR H SCH SC CHALLENGER 

CHALLENG- LEANER LEANE- was brought before the marriage court in 1721 because becau- 

ER RBAR 

H BHUBER j M fc B SCH SC SCHARER SHARER SH Shirk RR fiK fink B se she had committed Lan an unfaithful act and they knew 

eekn- 

BAUMAN BUSMAN H KAUFFMAN CHUB B each other and soon thereafter she became pregn- pregnant 

BODMER BOLDER H LANDIS LANDS H SCHMIDT B ant They were punished and soon thereafter they were merc- 

BRUPPACHERj 

LEAMAN LAWMAN H SCHNEIDER SCHNEIDE- SCHNE- IBM B enaries married together 

RIDER 

DAGEN DAGON GEN 1 LICHTI LICH STOCK B- Elizabeth Bachman was also punished bodily and ant- 

DANNER DEANNE 1 MULLER LLER LEAR BRR hem 

STRICKLER STICKLER Ba- then was married marred to Rudi Ringer sl 51 sl- 

DETWEILER 

DETAILER 1 MOYER MAYER H TRENCHER ather The remaining combinations of young men and mad- 

rFRICK RICK H BEHOLDER 

j Ma S BaM aM WIDMER VIDMER women revealed the names and almost only those host- 

GRUFF GROFF H namethe 

BRIGGER jiu jai fm l WILD Wi- 

names at odds with the state church 

dth 

Applied App- poplin 

alachian Aschman Bachman Schumann Bar Danner Banner Hauser Abuser Hiestand Heisted Landis Lands Lichti Litchi Lec- 

The 1662 list of emigrants from Richterswil Tricksters shoet- showed shoetturing Ringer and Strickler Stickler It may also be significant that daddree 

three Bachman including the thc two brothers Jacob and hanozen dozen of these illegitimate baptisms attracted two menmentmenmentmenmentdclasp Caspar Casper heading north along the Rhine Jacobean Jacob went tottoortoortoor to be t- the sponsor or godfather over and over namely 

oesmelyna- 

Jepsen Jepson also known as Jepson or in the he- Johannes Reichardt Reinhardt and Hans Jacob Sch Such Scharer Sharer rear 

gemonic Germanic Alsace Nextto Caspar's Caesars name military 

tarymili- 

Perhaps these young couples were merely unable to tr- 

service was noted Beside them was Hans Jacob ess resist nature as the old Peoples People's Priest Hans Bachman Bachm- 

Bachman house builder an had worried or perhaps they had a chronic distaste forfoforfoforfo- Antagonism between the state pastor at Richterswil Richter Richtthertethertetherteer en Richt- the sacraments offered through the state pastor Because Becau- 

and those straying brethren 

se 

outside his flock was made the state refused to recognize any marriage performed bybbybbyb- obvious in the official marriage and baptismal regIster registeregistheytetheytetheyte the Anabaptists such newlyweds often got labeled as aredter 

kept at the church In southwest Canton Zurich many ffricates fornicators 

Anabaptist families reluctantly submitted to the te- 

Across the generations though many members of otlexes 

pensive expensive theologically insulting and unwanted unwahers these same families took turns supporting each other atbaatbaatba- blessings nted that the state church could bestow on ther- them the required church ceremonies On 1 July 1677 Hebr- there Hebrmostatically 

Occasionally classically they plainly resisted but that was a sure screews was a double christening service for Anal 

wy way to draw harsh attention and penalties down on their hei- Bachman's Bachman baby boy Hans Jacob that she had with Argali ArgaArgress heads ressliali 

Bar where her sponsors were Hans Jacob and Barbara Barb- 

For example Johannes Jacob Bachman 1629 Aand 

Aara Huber and at the same time for baby Abby Ulrich Stic- Strickler Stickler 

ndre Regula Regular Stickler never had laid their son Jos Jose baptized in kler named in honor of godfather Hans Ulrich Bachman The Step- 

1657 The Johannes Jacob Bachman 1628 married to parents were Conrad Strickler Stickler and Anal Danner Darner and anth- 

Elisabeth Hauser Abuser had a son soon thereafter named Hans em the pastor couldn't keep from marking the event 

Rudolf 1659 who was without notation or explanation explana- Gravid Dravidian Ante Nut to indicate that this grave event sevetion 

boldly crossed off the baptismal registry The same amnth the pregnancy happened before he had been able toterces 

censure erces happened to Jacob oppert- 

Strickler Stickler and Regula Regular Regur- 

perform paraffin a proper marriage ceremony 

gitating Gottinger Getting who were discovered to 10 have realized their the- Because Zurich rich decreed that Anabaptist marriages marriairs 

son at a later age privately dropping the name Hans Hans- Ha- Hans- Ha- Hans- Hages were null nun and void and all their children therefore 

Georg nger Georg nger Georg ngerther- 

Georg George that the state church had registered for him and san- illegitimate any succeeding efore 

generations were leg- legally legdwiching 

switching it to Peter This disobedience was noted in the heally incapable of inheriting58Swiss brethren 

aringbret- 

margin and the original listing was vas also boldly crossed crosshren thrown hren into prison also forfeited their property aAAed out ntarctic tactic designed to pressure whole families and even towns 

In the 50 years between 1665 and 1715 the state with sudden poverty Sometimes as with the Huber- 

st- 

ate 

ns 

Hube- 

tow- 

r

Homeland ofthe Bachman Switzerland 1743 1458 

family a confiscated farm fann was cruelly comely offered back to- 

80 Hans Bachmann Bachman 1660 known as Hansi Ansi 

tem them at impossible rates of rent After the convicted conv- son on ofHansen Hansen man in foreign lands Note Well Progeny ProictedgenyPro- 

dissenters died in prison or were simplyex 

expelled from accounted for living in Richterswil Richter Weber Webberti 

Switzerland officials decided to give back support money Mon- Reportedly out of the country counter temporarily 

et to their heirs in the form of alms 

NO N 81 Oswald Sward Bachmann Bachman 1657 alsoca 

endorser called Jos Jose or ho- 

Despite this antagonism the Lacunas Bachman did not nrrendous Odious the son of offhand Hans Jangling Note Well Lives at the the- he- the- he- the- he- 

Old 

itwit withdraw from supporting their community Susanna ld Old Susld Old ld Old Castle Had four sons as heirs Hans Joggling Burgling argali baptized 

annaSus- 

Bachman Barcelona wife of offhand Hans Georg George Strickler Stickler wanted 60 talkers talketal- 2 lay May 1686 Joggling Burgling argali 8 March 1679 Hans Heinrich Heimlich 14 

rslest 14 

of her personal wealth to go to Richterswil's Richter school school- February 1685 and Heinrich Heimlich nicknamed Oil 

7Po- 

children upon her death Few other townsfolk surpassed surpasslycentric May MO 1682 Hans Joggling argali for many years in lied 

the generosity of other her bequest UI Unfortunately fortunately because the tesnkup was an Anabaptist moved to America iniitate state church administered the schools school's finances the thdepntensive Pensilvania 

Pennsylvania ntensive living by a great swamp according tooeaterositor pastor booklover took over Susanna Bachman's Bachman money varies various varies letters to his IDS father had sons The above Hans Hans- Ha- Hans- Ha- Hans- Ha- 

Georg nger Georg nger Georg nger Georg George moved to Ibersheim Gibberish pandas and was eventually at Saucon Sauteing 

Township in Pennsylvania In 1735 he lived on the edge ed- 

No Word From Him Has Been Heard HeaHeadsge ofthe Mennonite community at Great Swamp Creek Reekingpi- In Pipinfold Old Bucks County the area of present-day present Coopersburg Coopers Cooperpring 

TURING THE AN ESTIMATED 1661 

rDsin 

Lehigh Leigh County 

DURING D Anabaptists fled from Canton Zurich rich 

NO N 82 Johannes Hans Jakob Jacob and Jakob Jacob Bachmann Bachman Bach- 

Unpublished alms rolls have survived in the cantonal cantman Oswalds Oswald's brothers Note Well Wen Heinrich Heimlich not the one cononal 

archives onal including the following list from Richterswil Richter demnation mentioned above the old provost marshal Rich- 

Profs has Hansenter 

A dated 19 March Childhood nicknames turned turnnsen been in Alsace for 56 years with no word about him Had Addown 

Johannes into Handel or Hansi Ansi Heinrich Heimlich into Heini Hindi here three here sons that he took away with him Handel Jacobin Jaco- 

Rudolf into Rudi Jacob into Jacobin or Jaggli Jaggier Barbara Barbarbin and bin another mother name not known and not another word wardian 

into Barbal Barbell and Georg George into Joggling room from room them is known Well Martin Bachmann Bachman the stepbrother 

brother of Heinrich Heimlich the provost is in the Netherlands and an- 

NO N 30 Jakob Jacob Strickler's Sticklers four sons As of this date datelido no word from him has been heard 

ne in the Urbanize and unknown whether dead or alive ale alie- 

Oswalds Oswald's younger brothers Martin Bachman 1659JAnate 

Note Antebellum Well Vell Nobody is on hand andnd and Hans 1661 headed up the Rhine in 1678 Likely Like- 

NO N 34 Hans 1630 also Rudolf 1641 and Heini Hindi ly the Hans Bachman of Heidolsheim Hiroshima Hans Heinrich Heimlich 

1645 and Konrad Conrad 1640 the Heartlands in Haslen Hassling Bachman 1656 an Anabaptist left for Matriarch in fi- 

brethren Antebellum Note Well Vell Heini Hindi died unmarried Konrad Conrad Conrnals Alsace the year after the alms roll was reported 

ad 

79 

was an Anabaptist is said to be in the Urbanize iniinverse Bernstein and had several male progeny Unfold Ungo- Pastor Felix Vogler Ogle the state church chamberlain iniidliness Hiestand Heisted dliness 1658 from Richterswil Richter married marred the Anabaptist Anabapndicters Richterswil Richter recalled a much more cursory list on 15 May 

tist Hans tist Stauffer Stuffer Stouffer from Eggiwil in Canton Bern and moved move- 1744 Canton officials were alarmed planned by the avalanche of moderatingdIn 

1710 to Skippack Skidpan Township in Montgomery County departing Swiss A stiffexit tax called the Abzug Abu tried trie- 

Pennsylvania 

ddto d discourage those who might consider joining the ther- 

NO 

eabouts 

N 40 Heinrich Heimlich Ringer 1654 the son ofs- exodus At the very least one last healthy tithe was wa- 

Hedgers stageofteners 

at this time is in foreign lands The moth- mother moth- taken from them To measure the hemorrhage and how shoer 

ofHeinrich Heimlich was Verena Verona Bachman 1619 

wman many midnight departures had cheated colligated the lie government governm- 

The alms rolls on 4 April 1716 were later updated updaent out of its emigration tax every local district was ordered ordereted 

with additional commentary dto 

list those who had recently fled Zurich rich lost at least 

NO N 79 Hans Rudolf Bachmann Bachman 1659 in- 

2300 citizens during the ten years leading up to the tally tacidentally 

Thirstiest Note Well Had two sons as heirs Hans Handlly Vogler Ogle helped compile Secret departures added at least plea- 

2 

shake Jakob Jacob shake 1689 carpenter and Hans Rudi 1693 for fosanter another people according to scholarly 

rman many rman years in foreign lands and no word of him is di- 

Another state church pastor nearby claimed AsAfAssunion known sunion was a blacksmith making blades farararco far as my parish is concerned I do not know of a single interp- 

Heinrich Heimlich Bachmann Bachman 1683 son ofHansen ersonaliniosPi- 

person who has cherished a desire for this called so-called 

nocchionLchi Note Well At this time he is js the church promised Promised Land Landl Land where according to tw- 

superintendent watcher J in Stemen Stern osome 

SS 

Had two sons some peoples people's fancy roast pigeons fly into ones one's mouth mou- 

Andreas 1709 Richterswil Richter 

of Jakob Jacob 1718 in dith nor one who has departed thither to such a fruitful fruitametrical 

America in 1748 according to writings sent to his father Faful land as many frivolous persons believe Carolina or 

61 7 

Heinrich Heimlich the administrator died 4 April 1757 Pennsylvania to be Of course Pastor Vogler Ogle and all 

ther 

N 

Ani- ns 

49 

N

50 Apart Guardroom From the World Worl- 

Hols- 

dlier other state church shepherds had a conflict ofinterest in- in Friedrichstadt Frederic 

tense 

on the North Sea in Sc Schleswig- Schleswig Schleswig-- swig 

these reports Their first duty was to keep the flock from frustein Holstein It was his son Jacob that went on to Hempfield Sheffield 

trating straying but failing this to at least monitor the adequate adeq- 4 Rudolf Strickler Stickler the son of Heinrich Heimlich in Richterswil Richter Richtuate 

collection of theA bzug theca bug er was a mason and stonecutter who married in 1672 at at- a- 

On List Vogler Ogle reported Rodolph Rudolph Bachman M mphibrach Mullah lbach in the Rachael to Maria US 11 Jacob 

cobJa- 

1715 son of Rudolf Rodolf 71693 is said to have gone to Widmer Wider ell emigrated grated about the same time to Z Zimmerhof Simmer 

Carolina about five years ago 1739 17 39 but we know non- but made it himselfto Hempfield Sheffield 

n n17Wvoting 

nothing voting ng flume of him Still another Bachman is said to have haberhile While le Richterswil's Richter congregation endured these thgeonesesth- 

gone to Pennsylvania before the war 1712 and to have- spiritual growing pains the church building itselfwas wasned 

died theren therein there It was beyond Vogler's Ogles orders to reach reasails also torn apart It had become years ole old far too 

ch back 55 years for the disappearance of furbish Ulrich Bachman Bachm- decrepit and small for the growing village In 1700 

an and his ills entire family sometime before 1689 or to make- Zurich rich pledged gulder guIder out of the estimated 2000 

up for the omissions from his predecessors 

predecessor's emigration emigra- required for a new building Only the beautiful Gothic Gottion 

reports between 1657 and 1663 hic choir and the tower with its sun dial remained stan- standing 

Vogler Ogle also didn't raise the much more recent ding Bel Belo Behind nd the double windows two bells hung safely a bigbiobigbiobigbio- disappearance of two Bachman Barcelona cousins Both were sereonemeoneme one me dating from 1536 and a little one from 1592 A third thronaded 

named Heinrich Heimlich both were born bom in Richterswil Richter and bo bothne one was in place by 1717 Astone Stone A stone mason from broered 

were ered born bom in the autumn of 1711 the son of omrape Rapperswil Rappers completed the baroque exterior wI whilele local 

EU 18 

man Hansen Bachman on 7 September and the son of- craftsman completed the interior woodwork 

fhand Hans fhand Rudolf Bachman on 13 October Hans Rudolfs Rudolf's RoundRudels boy olf had temporary permission to be traveling up the ethut- A few other Bachman are known VIl to have left from 

ererinefroth- RJ Rhine ne and was reported drowned on 12 March 1733 Hus- His Hused the opposite side of the canton from its northern northbandly 

body was never found Hansen boy was working in ernin- edge and from across the eastern shore of the long Lake Laktheterthetertheter 

the pond of a miller in Wardens ensile on Oil 31 July 1735 and handeZZurich rich Hans Bachman ayear old paper maker from 

somely simply vanished It was assumed that he had drowned drow- Hinwil Hindi with his 50year old year wife Elsbeth 

ned 

old Elisabeth Penning 7 

even though his body was also never recovered children and 3 grandchildren left in 1661 for Sundhausen Sundays Unfasteni- 

It bears repeating that Hans Rudolf1693 father totngt- in Alsace 

heir 

73 38 Another departing Bachman from the hethr- Heinrich Heimlich Heinrich Heimlich also disappeared to the as did llioneshing Hinwil slimily area was Hans Konrad Conrad from Lang son of g- 

Heinrichs Heinrich' s younger brother Rudolf 1715 It is this first ofer Georg George fiofer who married Elisabeth Harder at Bretten Barrette in the hi- 

21 shier Heinrich Heimlich who is thought to have boarded the Jamaica Jameratic Rachael by 1689 Hans Melchior Elicitor Bachman Bachaica 

Galley in 1738 and arrived in Philadelphia Ifthe other thman known only as being from Switzerland th- 

worked at sterein 

Heinrich Heimlich also went to America perhaps aboard the Lydia Lydepping Eppingen Repine in 1686 and following perhaps in his footsteps footstia 

in ia 1749 then the second Henry Baughman Bagman of the theps was Heinrich Heimlich an assistant mason from Eglisau Melissa who whresh 

Ashcan Shenandoah allopathic Valley who died in Greenbrier County ooped moved to Eppingen 

untyCo- 

Repine by 1719 Another notable union uni- 

Virginia could also be neatly accounted for ff on came in 1631 atRaters by Elsau Elsa Elsau Elsa when Margaret Margaret 

Bachman married Jacob Mayer but their descendants are ard- 

At least one of the Bar Er families was transplanted to ent not fully known 

Richter from ITom a few miles off to the west in the S- 

Rorbas Robs 

heila 

saw three of its Bachman leave In 1661 

village of obtrude Bruder Ruder Albis Albs Appearing in the 1650 census cens- Hans Heinrich Heimlich Bachman a young apprentice tradesman tradesus 

for the tulle first time Hans Jakob Jacob settled at Kne KaneHof sman 

News NewHogfi- wis-Hof wis from there left for Rottweil Rotate in southern Germanys Germany's 

sh with his seven cl children Alden Perhaps because he was the son spo- 

38 W Jacob son of Heinrich Heimlich arrived in un- 

of two parents of notorious Anabaptist persuasion the tesbeaten Bretten Barrette by 1669 and was married there to Margaret Margtate 

state church pastor at Richterswil Richter noted the follo follow following oolong followfollowng ingingaret 

Hemmer Encumber Ulrich a miller moved to Heidelberg inestible 

beside his name fernallyerrancy Germany and got married to Anna Maria Traveler 2 

pin 

All of them came to us only a few weeks ago from frot- Tom Tohedte 

the region ofKnonau Nona Tl Thi s summer we shall see how it nittwit will iII be lithely if they can fit into and belong to tI thi s parish Horsemen of the Apocalypse Apocaly- 

1017 Several more generations from this family did 

psepses BESIDES 

flourish in their new home including several SIDES RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION THERE WERE 

intermarriages vl with th the Bachman Heinrich Heimlich Bar from fro- 

certainly more reasons for leaving Richterswil Richter 

lickersterRich- 

Richterswil Richter fled north for Strengthener in Germany and band- Waves of dysentery twice ravaged the people with the th- 

it was his son who became Henry Bare of Hempfield Sheffield eirs first death recorded in late 1659 Young Caspar Casper Zricher Zurich 

Township in Pennsylvania U4 26 16 

introduced the die contagion from its outbreak in Wardens ensile 

Heinrich Heimlich Hiestand Heisted also left Richterswil ended un- up and three days after Christmas the next victim was 

Richter but ended 

B 

ns 

Warde

s 

and 

Homeland of the Bachman Switzerland 

1458 

Switzer 1743 

ndslip Handel the son ofHansen Bachman at Old Castle Cast- 

War in the Backyard BackyBack- On le New Years Year's Day his sister Barbaric died and so it nicotine 

T continued for 12 months peaking in the heat of August 

ardyard TROOPS yard OOPS FROM RICHTERSWIL RICHTER AND WARDENS ENSILE Hay- HAD HAD- HAeventually 

taking nine Bachman and 70 others hollers ini- 

L iden been quartered close to home to defend the tulle cantons canton'sindicters 

Richterswil Richter Escaping this disease might well have beenbeeouthwestern southwestern border They had been helped by other throthran a motive for the old provost Heinrich Heimlich Bachman and his inatsoats parts of the canton during several small skirmishes but 

serter brother Martin when they took their families away that Th- concentrated all Spring on building several forts 

ayer year During a second outbreak in 1690 and 1691 the tee- Between Lake Zurich rich and the village of Stemen Stern asstotalers toddlers totalers Verena Verbena and Hans Bachman were among the 65 eries series of deep wooded ravines made a natural barrier to st- 

who died onemason invasion onemason But at their leveling off Fort Stemen Stern was ass- 

In his report on emigration Pastor Vogler Ogle referred totault built a plain rectangle of by feet large enough enouoaster 

another Bachman who left before the gh for many defenders to occupy They added around it aww- War of 1712 He may have been indicating the Hans ooden wooden barricade crossable at only one large wooden- 

Bachman 1660 of howbeit Webberti known to have left around arouware gate ware The earthworks built up around the fort were still silvnd 

that nd time and who had good reason to flee the backyard backyaerside visible erside nearly years later They also built Little Fort ForeForetrd of his village was directly on the front lines with will Canton Cantokenoken Oak oken a smaller oval position some feet north of 

tons Schwyz Schwarz and he was of an age to get drafted and forced forc- Samstagern Sandbagger village 

ed into the fight Sometime after the birth of his last child chidicivili- Their biggest stronghold was Fort Bellen Bellmen Bellen Bellmen 

ngan in 1695 tl this Bachman fled leaving many ofhis family immediately south of 

milyfa- 

howbeit Webberti where fortifications had ja- 

behind deite existed since 1656 It was constructed in the tulle form fonn of app- Also known as the Second Fillmore War this tinentagon pentagon and pointed east like a ships ship's bow toward the Hctured 

turned turnabout ctured out to be the last of the armed conflicts in enley enemy In front loftless of these walls was a double firing line of- 

Switzerland between Protestant and Catholic following followifences trenches and a palisade fence of sharpened logs Four Forng 

on the Second Kappeler Appealer War 1531 and the First enoons cannons were mounted inside the fort and a storage hut hu- 

Fillmore War 1656 In April 1712 the fight figlas was built for keeping the munitions dry 

hters a 

resumed between the southern Catholic cantons and the th- The next and last defensive position named Fort Fort- Forreshold 

solidified Protestant Reformation in Zurich rich and Bern Ber- Hmfitting 

tunate HMitten ten sat on a hill beside the River Sikh overlooking overlookin 

29 once again the fighting elution fell upon the area around the ng town of Hutten Hutton ten from its southern edge It was ass- 

Richterswil Richter behind the Bachman's Bachman homesteads inwiinessing designed as a small rectangle of about 90 by feet and adnterberryebriating 

Weber Webberti Lochli Loch chi and right on top of the family of the tiequate equipped with two cannons Soldiers here could cloud defend defeebacks 

blacksmith blackmail ebacks Rudolf Bachman at Hutten Hutton ten nd the nd village well and also spy on any enemy movement move- 

The Catholic Abbott of St 81 Gallen Galen wanted to have an nement towards the nearby bridge Unfortunately Fort Hutten Hutton Hutt- ten Steinwsier 

easier approach to his allies in the south over the onwayste- was too far away from Fort Bellen Bellmen to adequately protect protestate 

strategic Ricken Richen Pass in the Toggenburg Toggle highlands highlact all the ground between them tulle 

nds With such a road Catholic troops from Canton Schwyz Schwarz SchizSchi- Taking command of the area was Major General MajoidzoidorGener- 

could quickly move to his aid Local workers forced into ino- Hans Konrad Conrad al Weirdller leer From the same nmilitary mili- Sitar Interculating 

building culating the road did not want outsider troops pouring poutary family tary that had put down their grandparents rebellion rebelring 

through their homeland and so refused to complete the therlion another Weird ller leer was sent by Zurich rich to save them tethmometer 

project Zurich rich and Bern supported those er The Major-General's Major headquarter staff was split between betwe- 

who resisted causing Catholic villagers tojump on thetethetetheteen the en Old Castle at Wardens Tildes ensile and the stone wall enclosing enclosiothertherothertherotherther 

other side 

ng tile the Sch Such SchOnenberg Schneider caner cemetery 

On 22 April a large force of ZZurich rich troops with 

The forts were completed by May but the Ule end of the th- 

detachments from Bern entered eastern Switzerland at awart war already seemed likely Because peace negotiations negotiatipace 

place pace named Wil ViI next to the Thur Thurs region and Lthe thetheemons had already begun and harvest time was near thermometeronastery 

monastery at St S1 Gallen Galen There they took the bells from frotfrothologies soldiers were eager to get back to their farms 

hed the ed church tower a large number of books from its int- Weird Iler Filer agreed and left nothing more than token toerlibrary 

library and quantities of wine as their war booty bottlken guards ken to staff the forts The neighbors from Tom Richterswil Richter Richt- 

Bernese Berne enose troops supported by the Zurich ricers Z marched oner and Zug Ugh returned to their old ways helping each peas- 

to Mellingen Smelling defeating Luzem Luzern soldiers from hooter other hooter mowing hay and even transporting produce for 

orefrefi- 

Bremgarten Begotten Another victory followed in Baden Cad- 

each other to market The borderland folks from Canton Cantences 

fire Cease negotiations led to the signing signing of a treaty in on 

in- in- in- in- in- in- Zug Ugh even came over to help finish work on the forts 

June jure June jure June jure June at Aarau Award and rights of passage were guaranteed guaran- 

But by summer 

mid-summer the war began again An army arm- 

anyway to teed the Catholics On 18 July the cantons gourm- fur of gourm- Uri Duyyof y Catholic troops invaded the Reuss Russ Valley on 20 

andrian and Luzern Luzem also signed the terms of peace July which was defended by a Bernese Berne outpost of 1200 

51la- 

I 

negotiations 

f

52 

Apart From the World Sword- 

for- 

smen men The invaders were repulsed but Richterswil's Richterswilsf- the troops from Canton Zug Ugh were on their way The first 

rontier frontier was in danger again 

tresses response from Zurich Ooh was also tentative only three theo- 

During the night of 22 July when the clock in the tesophies companies of Protestant soldiers were dispatched to 

acher church tower at Sch Such Newburg rang three o'clock Zurich Zu- rich rick- retrenchment Old Castle 

richetiest sentries were alerted to the sound of many men singing sing- At Sch Such Schneider Chinaberry member cemetery the military militarily camp had handsing 

They saw signs of campfires and were sure that this had hanomely only four men to defend it With Viet only 24 horsemen the hedier 

dire meaning avily cavalry commander at Old Castle named Schema Eschmann Schumann Schum- 

Just before sunrise at a settlement east of HMitten Intern- ten stenann raced offfor the front lines Eschmann Schumann hoped to trick the 

alizedciled called Bergli BergH the first enemy contact came with anenley enemy commanders by leaving two cavalrymen behind behinotators 

outpost of two dozen Zurich rich guardsmen At the hend 

on top of a hill Just as the 22 came charging at tile the EtHatproof approach of 2300 Shyer troops the outpost let off aienneenley enemy camp the other two waved their hats inwarding 

warning warding shot to signal the other forts The invaders invaanition pantomime anition urging forward imaginary armies annies of 

ders paused and decided to take eight civilians from Bergli Berlin reinforcement 

prisoner torturing and killing them The victims 

Luckily vic- 

the Schwyz Schwarz commander took in the whole 

tims included Barbara Stub theyear widow of old c- performance assumed that hundreds more cavalry were whereoheir 

Heinrich Heimlich Hauser Abuser theyear old on 

Hans Rudolf Blatman Batman Batm- on their way and so ordered his entire force into a hasty 

an and an his daughter Elisabeth 29 Ursula retreat 

Anna Hauser Abuser 15 Anna Trencher and Elisabeth Elisa- retreats Eschmann Schumann was eventually joined by more cavalry cavbeth 

Aschman Schumann 24 of Wardens ensile 

alry wider under Commander Meyer along with Richter 

rRichte- 

The army anny from Canton Schwyz Schwarz was hoping to be enin an infantry force under Major Mattli MaUli Combined they tho- 

joined by an equal force oftheir Catholic allies from Rorough sought to rescue the salinity small unit defending Fort Bellen Bellmen Bellmano 

Canton Zug Ugh and the previous nights night's signals by fire from men from a simultaneous attack on three sides In heated hea- 

Rossberg Crosser had been an effort to hurry their arrival They Heted battle Eschmann Schumann had his horse shot out from under him Whitwer 

were supposed to attack from the west but the be Augers man and Mattli Maull was wounded All along their double line of- 

never arrived The Shyer decided to go it alone fences trenches theRichter kept up a steady fire but at c- 

The invaders managed to break the first line of catties times due to difficulty reloading their old flintlocks assoffees defense at Fort HMitten Whiten ten and rush past them through the othemutch much muchas mochasas mutch three minutes separated each salvo 

rwise wide gap between it and Fort Bellen Bellmen beyond the effective effec- The Catholic priest of Galen Gagmen urged the 

range of gun gunfire ire They camped at Sage Sagel S ge still hoping thattha- that Shyer Chryslers into a third billiard charge against Fort Bellen Bellmen At 

tive 

t 

Y baa 

ched THE ATTACK NATICK ON FORT BELLEN ELLEN WITH CAVALRY RIDING TO THE RESCUE AT RIGHT AND A PRIEST IN RETREAT 

at 

r 3 

I 

R 

I 

I 

R 

I 

S 

So- So SItIt 

Retre- 

H

n 

Homeland ofthe Bachman Switzerland SWitzerland 1743 1458 

the head of the army anny and with his crucifix held high the- Bruppacher of Wardens ensile His son Hans Jacob married 

ories priest finally got himself shot The Richter at Fort Foried Klein Hiestand Heisted from Richter 

Richterswil Richter and together with switretell 

Bellen Bellmen halted the third attack but butt with ith chman 

no confide- confidence confide- another son Hans they moved to Ibersheim Gibberish by 1661 

nce that they could have fought off a fourth wave Ten- The Ten- The next generation being Jacob John and Peter 

derizing deciding factor arrived at 11 o'clock when fresh Zurich Zu- rich Bruppacher found themselves in Pennsylvania's Pennsylvania Pennsylvrich 

cavalry from Kyburg Khyber resplendent in their red unifo- uniforms unions anians Hempfield Sheffield Township beside the Susquehanna River 

drove rms the Shyer force into full retreat On the he- Heinrich Heimlich Zimmerman left Widens Widens-Ml dens MI 

artleaf 

in 1698 and ca- 

battlefield lay 29 enemy dead while only 11 of the local locnaries arrived soon in Germantown north of Philadelphia as aale 

men had paid with their lives shen Henry Carpenter He made one secret visit home ads- and ads- 

The real end of the war came three days later and Banorbed spread the word of a wonderful America He encouraged encouragedar 

far dar away Protestant troops from Bern crushed sthe 

ment many to make the trip and lhimself myself chose Lampeter Lamenter 

trongsan- 

and sansan- strong main force of the Catholic allies airiest daracs 

783737 297 Paradise townships 

In Hirzel Hire during a 1633 headcount of known knownownknAna- 

19 

baptists Anabaptists 46 were name named including the famili- families famili- 

From the Larger Community ofBrethren BrethBrethre- Brethren- 

es of Hans Hang Landis Lands the martyr Hans Rudolf Bauman Busman and Andorra 

Conrad Strickler Stickler These Sticklers Stickers may have been the sten- 

ren HEN THE BACHMAN LOOKED WEST AND SOUTH amily 

soum sunro- 

WSOUTH family recorded in Friedrichstadt 

So- 

Frederic in Germany in 

WHEN omuth from Lake ZZurich rich behind Richterswil Richter they could col- 41693 

ds see the Albis Albs Mountains rise up Hopping from one tow- town tow- Across the Sikh River at Hausen Hansen were the lie Huber An- and ansannnto the next never more than a few miles apart were thedreddbar BMr 

reat 

families and the son of Martin Millie who lived Aat 

aS- 

rest of the Anabaptist core in Canton ZZurich rich Much astaturn Duran ntillean hren hen in the in 1661 Jacob Bar from Hausen Hansen Househen 

the Bachman dominated their hometown numerica- 

numerically breaker became breaker a tavern-keeper tavern 

lly 

in Rockingham Rocking County 

26 untyCo- 

the other Anabaptist families tended to identify with and adr- Virginia by 1740 The next town maven Northwest north was Knonau Nona 

enalin remain in certain villages even though some of bech- each bech- with Chablis Fricks Frocks more 

armed 

Neighs Mils and two of the few 

name through intermarriage could be found sprin- sprinkled sprin- Lacunas Bachman living outside of Richterswil Richter 

kled 

being Johan- Johannes Johan- 

among them all 

nes Jacob born bom 1657 and Melchior Elicitor Bachman born bom 1644 

A mile northwest of the Old Castle lived Pet- Peter from the hamlet of Maschwanden Mishandle 

Masch Machwand en who emigrated to the 

r 

es ILI II 

er jell jolliti- 

THE CASTLE AT KNONAU NONA IN 1667 

36 

53 

mar

Wostoga 

54 Apart Quart From the World 

rld Pfalz 

nnes Heinrich 

ns 

Ha- 

Paz respectively in 1697 and 1702 settlement in Pennsylvania by 1717 His brother Hans- Hans Hans- 

North of them was Mettmenstetten where Joha- Johannes Joha- Jacob Kindig Kindling born bom 1671 eventually settled in Stras- Strasburg Strasbourg Stras- 

Heimlich Bachman and Jacob son ofZacharias Zechariah Bachman Bachbourg township also in the part of Chester County that became 

man lived in the adjoining hamlet of godchildren Aches They also hal- Lancaster They were both cousins of the Mennonite Mennolooed 

moved to the Pfalz Paz during those same years Beside them stemnite leader Martin 

ware were the Funks Mettmenstetten 

of 

including Heinrichs Heinrich's One Ringer family resided in Oberwil Gerbil north ofavv- family who later moved to Diligent 49 90 

hren hen illage village called NSurrender render Hans Jacob the eldest boy at a- 

From Obfelden Obedient came Jacob and Peter Gut The Naf Snafu Affaweigh eight years of age saw his mother die the day after catfablymily 

family grew strong in Kappel Appeal right beside Affoltern Baffler am canechisms Christmas in 1732 and his father remarry the following follownabis 

Albis Albs where four households ofChablis thrived by ings Spring to Susanna Bac Bach Bachman daughter ofRudolf Ru- 

1633 The brothers Johan Jacob Felix and Phi- Phillip PhiIlip Phi- Bachman and Verena Verbena Leibacher 

llipsdolf 

Clincher all from their Som- same Som- 

Changeability all quit Affoltern Baffler before 1656 stopping first Aat 

Aerville village In an awful affil turn of events the father Jacob deedi- died deedingbilene 

Baldenheim Baden bilene in Alsace before they finally settled in jinu- in 1734 shortly after the birth of his only childbirth child with 

iLitniniversendicts 

Ib Ibersheim Gibberish shim A grandson Johan Georg George born 

huania 

bom 1684 found foun- Susanna named Heinrich Heimlich Ringer 

dlings himself among the Conestoga settlers of Pennsylvania in The state church pastor at neighboring Assistor Assert 

1728 88 74 Hans Leonhardt Leonard Heinrich Heimlich and Caspar Casper wrote about them under the tube heading A List ofthose hosp- 

Changeability along with wit their fan families lies left straight from itable Pitiable Persons who Contrary to Faithful Warnings and in- 

Affoltern Baffler to Pennsylvania in 1743 Also in the towns town's tondemnities Admonitions Obstinately went away from the Parish 

icities citizenship citizens roll of 1695 can be found Hans Muller Miller M born Assistor with the tile intention of seeking their fortunes fortun- 

18 November 1669 who eventually left for the Pfalz Paz He Heees in Carolina or Pennsylvania 

haws has since been identified as the uncle of a Joha- Johannes JohannJoha- Left Sunday 5 May 1743 Susanna Bachman hea- the heannesesnnes 

Muller ller leer who emigrated to Pennsylvania in 

dcheese deceased Jakob Jacob Ringers widow from Noisiest Nattiest N restore Born 

20 August 1707 left with her son Heinrick Herrick Baptized 13 

In the spring of 1734 around the same time that the th- March 1735 and three sons born by Barbara Moor 

eft two Bachman cousins disappeared Heinrich Heimlich Naf Snafuf 

led agg- from Effretikon Affection 

roup group roup of 11 brethren from the neighboring village of s- 

Susanna and her brood arrived in Philadelphia on 30 

ofas Hausen Hansen am Albis Albs in the Knonau Nona district to America Amer- August 1743 aboard the Francis Elizabeth On the thre- 

Among icana them tile was the tube Provincial Governors Governor's son isoesome 

same ship was a 23year old 

metric 

year old Jacob Bachman perhaps acc- Heinrich Heimlich Walder Alder from Knonau Nona The NFL Gnats N hometown hometousin cousin although church books establish that he was 

own pastor wrote about the tube affair definitely not her brother Eventually they all made it tott- Heinrich Heimlich and Hans Naf Snafu Nwere were brothers frag- from fragote the Shenandoah Valley 233 G0aDD0 

rance 

13 

Graben Graven close to Hausen Hansen am Albis Albs and served as lead- leaders 

ers They traveled in spite of the advice of the govern- 

government 

ment Heinrich Heimlich 

so 

was a badly disoriented fellow who belonged totoatotoatotoaadadada so-called Pietistic group Heinrich Heimlich had been benzene 

sentenced to the castle at Knonau Nona and later escaped 

apedesc- Afterward there was an inquiry because they hadnot handout had not paid pitpispihierthierttle their Abzug their Abu 

f 

s 

The authorities summoned Naf Snafu to Knonau Nona in hopes hipp- 

f 

est that est their departure could be stopped but he ignored the he- 61 

rder order and fled to the town of Chain Cham across the border inanition 

Canton Zug Ugh On 3 August Augus the rest of his little prop- group proponed 

joined him to walk out of Switzerland into Reacc- France 

r 

elerating reaching rearing London by September On the way the tile 57yoearld year old Naf f Snafu married a year member of his group old grouper 

Verena Verbena Muller Millier Her brother Jakob Jacob 1Muller Miller lIer flier also married affellow fellow fugitive Barbara Frey Tragically both Naf Snafu AfNarorrates bro brothers lers leers and Heinrich Heimlich Walder Alder died within whittling two years of- f t i f wafer wrfsetting 

settling 

10 

fsetting in Pursuer South Carolina probably from 

fevers fever's 9 

ithe 

1070 

Later and just north ofZurich Zrich came ther- other thermoformed 

confirmed ancestors of the Swiss in Pennsylvania an- and andiron 

Virginia Virginia- Virginia George Kindig Kindling born bom 1678 in we- went we- 

THE MONASTERY AT EINSIEDELN ENSILED 

nt to Ittlingen Tattling in the tube and on to the Cone- 

Conestoga SEAT OF CATHOLIC POWER IN CANTON SCHWYZ SCHWARZ

1 

Homeland ofthe Bachman Switzerland Switzer 1743 1458 

a efe defer 

of 

IVA-BAP IVA T I Silk 

Wilk 

Ilk erg tanner pf 1 

efefi 

fe befiti 

eaP heap 

EN THUS BRUNCHED N- 

t 

ta 

z a 

KIST Fistulae rueful ADAM quirkier iii rF Leninist 

ATE 

FHATE 

TE LITERATURE OF THE REFORMATION THE DEVIL INTRODUCES SEVERAL SORTS OF ANABAPTISTS IN ENGLAND 

AND THEN HELPS A GERMAN MONK TO COOK CHRIST INTO COMMUNION BREAD 

oH- 

1141 

55

56 

jF 


i at a- 

ll 

r 

ffil fill filfi- 11 i 

ZURI- 

lA A BRETHREN FAMILY AMIL TAMIL Y DRIVEN OUT OF CANTON ZURICH ARCH RICH- 

TER THE SPIRE OF THEIR TOWNS TOWN'S CHURCH AND THE ALBIS ALBS MOUNTAINS LOOMING BEHIND 

CH 

dF

Ex- 

1537 

Chapter 2 

BACHMAN IN ExILE EX- 

ILE ALONG ILE THE RHINE 1738 

ile 

Bach- 

FTER FrER THEReformatReformat- REFORMATION Reformat- expulsion for all Anabaptists In 1592 Ulrich Bachman Bachmion 

took hold in Switzerland Switzerlaanman be became man ame Dame the first of that name officially expelled from 

nd and the persecution of the ste- Switzerland After his ills arrest at Bottenstein Bottlenose tenting he was asyamboats 

Anabaptists beg began a man mammetrically immediately banished to the 

naged named Heinrich Heimlich Bachman BachmBachmaBachm- Moritz Bachman took up the Bottenstein Bottlenose tenting farm fann in 

na 

an 

pp 

left from Zurich rich Facing 1614 Fac- 

The Anabaptists Ulrich Bachman and his wife 

ing direct threats of Margareta Margaret Widmer Wider annoyed authorities at Zofingen Offing often oft- 

punishment many ener between 1620 1617 Peter Haggis gif of Rosen Seon Seton was allowed to tw- 

Anabaptists traveled don- down dO donosome come home to Argus in 1624 After he be promised polled tocate 

the Rhine to the low lands where religious tolerance toleran- conduct oconut himselfobediently his confiscated lifece 

was more common When the political mood back home- savings of talkers was given back to him 

steaded 

5 

seemed calmer some tried to sneak back into In the records of Bottenwil Batten a later Ulrich Bachman Bacc- 

Switzerland and resume a quiet life On 19 December nicknamed hantic Horn Uli HornIi came to the attention of fr- 

1537 Bachman was described as being from Emmerich Emetic aternities authorities many times between 1694 to 1696 for his 

perhaps some tiny Swiss village that has disappeared disappea- Anabaptist beliefs Caspar Casper Bachman left Bottenstein Bottlenose Lenten in 

red from red modem maps but more likely the German town on Mo- 1696 bound for the Low Lands Twenty years later lie he relibnte the Rhine just before the Dutch border Either way his wroteerate wrote to the local authorities at Zofingen Offing trying to get gegal- customary attachment to Zurich rich was noted ssoeslstone some of his money back that they had laid confiscated 

On that day Heinrich Heimlich bought a farm 

of32 

at Bottenstein Bottlenose Bottlen- Most of those who lido felt threatened in Betty left inose 

from Hans Joggled Jangling situated near the Aare Aware River in the Free Redthetertheter the ter great emigration in 1711 but those who stayed rallied rallistrict 

District wl which ch later became Canton Argus five nmiles Mil- les lees lesied around ied the Bachman family As late as 1720 a Hans 

essees east of Zofingen Offing and a half haJI mile east Bottenwil Batten In Nu- Bachman left from there to the Until death dethouse 

those thouse days Argus was a buffer zone of sorts between the heath took him many years later still far away from his iscatombs 

Cantons of Zurich rich and Basel administered under their thmian homeland thmian he received financial support from his old go- 

supervision by their third partner Canton Bern Because Becaudwits Swiss neighbors 

se of this talus cumbersome governmental structure Anabaptists Anabapti- Another of the Bachman lines in Canton Bern had its insts 

that sts gathered there were comparatively sunbather sunbattroits roots troits in Canton Zurich rich Leaving there sometime around 

her Five years earlier Zofingen Offing had been the site of agg- 1650 they also settled near Zofingen Zone 

reat 

By the end of the Ule 

great public debate on the principals of Anabaptism and an- Century these Lacunas Bachman entered emerged Canton Bern indroids 

promises droids of safe-conduct drew out 23 brethren leaders theterthetertheter safe lea- the Anabaptist stronghold of the Emmenthal Semimetal See sec Appendix D 

Everyone may be satisfied and no one might claim 

dersclai- 

page p 

mer wrote the tulle Bernese Berne authorities that we attack them ther- 

Across the tile 17 

ewith 

h and 18 centuries Balkans Bachman showed show- 

also 

without a hearing The government printed atted up in 36 distinct communities in Canton ZZurich rich 

ranscript transcript ranscript of the debate in booklet form hoping this tin- suggesting not only the largest numbers in all 

smith might help suppress the movement but it had the te- 

Switzerland but also the oldest presence and longest lonapots 

opposite effect in Sumiswald Summits and the rest of the tegest period of dispersal Moving westward the family 

7 

nement Emmenthal Semimetal For two centuries many Bachman Bechanmily appeared mily in five communities in Canton Argus fafawhich whchcing clung to Bottenstein Bottlenose tenting despite harsh measures taken ichicane became a bridge of sorts to the tulle other large Protestant Protes- 

against them Ste sce map on page tant canton in northern Switzerland Parts of the family 

In 1578 citizens in Argus were ordered not totmily showed mily up t- 

in 12 different towns in Canton Bern faouches 

purchase the estates of departing Anabaptists just so that tIlt toilthat- Further proof of the pattern offbeat of brethren migration migraettesches 

these fortunes would be forfeited to the state During tion comes in the saga of Heinrich Heimlich Funk of Mettmenstetten in- 

1580 in Baleen the entire village with women and lananition Canton Zurich As a traveling preacher he was on ammdholder children Alden and man and servants 

maid-servants all left Also Asissionary missionary visit to the Emmenthal Semimetal in 1671 when Bernese Berne 

arco around that time fled Henry Stahlin St of Burry arrow Ulrich UlricUlri- authorities arrested him for having passed 20 years inhch 

Bur of Scab Shetland Scotland planed and Melchior Elicitor Hunzicker Shunpike and Uli Ui Ulritheterthetertheter the canton of Bern Bem without authorization Once 

ch 

92 91 s5s- 5 ulia Haggis gif J- conducted the border he fleer of Lemma to Burundian was stripped in- 

On 4 July 1585 the Councils of Bern and Zurich Zurrichtheterthetertheter the goldbeater 

cold weather and his flesh was branded with heated 

ichweedhexahe- were hosted in Canton Argus at Aarau AAA and they drons irons Funks Funk's bruised body was abandoned in the middle midd- 

unanimously agreed on a policy of mass arrests and of a crowd of French He wandered thus for three hours 

57 

le

58 


because he could not communicate with anyone m 6 population all blowing horns shooting shouting and han- 

Funk survived and his nephew Johannes emigrated emigradshaking making every other kind of warning signal to spoil the teted 

from Bonfeld Boned in the Pfalz Paz to Pennsylvania and onto the rrors progress of the posse 

Shenandoah Valley in Virginia 0Virginia To avoid capture near Trub Rub the Anabaptist Christian ChristiaChrisChrintianstian Harsh Archie lived high in the mountains His house named nam- 

From the archives at Bern came carne the following notes noed the H chiefly was tucked beneath the ledge of a bluff bluftes 

about tes two Anabaptist Bachman Lacunas in fs 58 1657 from the th- so that neither rain nor snow ever fell on its roof Three Horeeistic 

district eistic of Signau Signup The Anabaptist Hans Bachman was wahound hundred years later the house cave-house still stands used bybbybbybstage taken stage prisoner and ordered to pay a fine of one kroner kronor theytetheytetheyte the Fankhouser Funhouse family as part of their goat farm flannelly U41U- R- 

Ulrich Bachman an old Anabaptist preacher from the In uinth- In the town of Sumiswald Sunnis the hunters who had haeistic 

district of Signau Signup was imprisoned at Trachselwald Tracheal Castle Casndled already taken a small man group of Mennonites prisoner were 

tle The three men who brought him in were paid a reward of N- surrounded by an angry mob of 60 or 70 irate citizens citizotre 

three otre kronen Konan Because he is very poor he could not raise raiens who forcibly released the Some of these 

bail for eight days Costs were deducted from his meal melrmos most rmos notorious hunters when finallyto 

face-to-face with twilowness 

allowance tter their tter prey experienced such remorse that they forgot the he- 

After an imprisonment of four days and serious adwaiter awaiting adwaiter money 

blood-money and released their prisoners prison- 

interrogation Bachman recanted and declared himself himers Some decided to unite with the meek Christians and adself 

ready for returning and swore to his conversion hered shared the burdens of cofactor future punishm- 

punishment punishm- 

Also from Trachselwald Tracheal came the family of Benedict BeneBen- Half ent The Habitude Habituate or Half-Anabaptists helped the stdictedict 

Brach Brachial edict hl that settled eventually in Strasburg Strasbourg Towns Township TownsTownspweppers persecuted brethren at every turn Since they did not step tem- 

JU 71 

hipporaryith 

with the early Pequea Equal settlers ofPennsylvania 

forward to endure the fines imprisonment torture and und- 

An emphatic repeat of the expulsion order came on ercutting execution these people were not counted by the state 

atest- 

15 June 1660 An exodus of Anabaptists left from Ro- church among the activists But the Anabaptists could coulmano 

Canton Bern for the Pfalz Paz in 1671 the peak year dn't not have survived for two centuries in Switzerland Switzer- 

although some had left as early as 1655 Additional Bern Gerland without land this broad web oftrue hearted people In the 

minatesten- 

mandates came in 1691 1693 1695 People too old totancy many mandates against the brethren t- 

Habitudes Habituates Halt buffers were whebeoebeoe 

be oe expelled peeled must be imprisoned for life 1707 1708 reas also condemned for being influenced by the constancy constan- 

1722 and 1729 

cy and testimony of the tile brethren 15 

ainously 

In 1702 a great drive to find the Mennonites of the te- On 19 March 1709 in Canton Bern the Anabaptist Anabanement 

Emmenthal Semimetal was announced This Baptist Hunt had toTtoTtoTptist pastor Jacob Bachman received shelter from Ulrich Ulmakeamaemakeamae 

make amae its way through contempt from the entire mountain mountrich Wagner and rich his wife When authorities found out what 

mountain 

O- 

mountain 

cutaway ttW 

AARAU AAA SEAT OF THE ARGUS 

TEMPORARY REFUGE TO SOME BRETHREN HOST TO BERN AND ZURICH RICH DURING TIm THE ANABAPTIST DEBATES 

r

Bachman in Exile Along A Ions the Rhine 1738 15371738 

the couple had done they were sentenced to three months mothpr- have freedom to trade exemption from tom taxes for 10 

oofing rowing as slaves in a galley ship syrup although they did not oc- years freedom to choose ministers of the Gospel and dantave 

have to spend their time manacled in chains chaidifies 

officers ofjustice and police under the direction of the 

ns The center of the peasants political agitation in Bern Be- governor that after public prayer for HM they should berne 

were rne the same neighborhoods where Anabaptism was wisllowed allowed to pray for the Republic ofBe Berne me which is allied allieecracking 

increasing The church and state were so closely ddto HM that similar privileges be granted to all who hous- 

intertwined that revolt against one was automatically automaticebreaker hereafter come from Switzerland to increase that colony coloally 

revolt against the other This Tills helps explain why the teny and that they be transported with their effects from promperament 

government felt an overwhelming reaction 

70 

was necessary necessamoted Rotterdam moted at HM expense 

to ry the tile threat they perceived from Tom the bre bare brethren 79 78 A repeat of the petition was given again to the Queen Queen 

on 28 June 1709 but tills this time mentioning settlement on Monte 

the southwest branch of the Potomac River meaning meani- 

To Send Out a ngColColon- 

Colony the Shenandoah River near the settlement of cofafferdamfranchise Fran Francois Francis ois Lois Louis Michel This was followed folioed up with assonyistupplementary WITH IT AN EXPULSION PLAN FOR THE SWISS supplementary map of the frontier of Virginia 

V Brethren in 1709 Bernese Berne authorities put aww- The colonial authorities liked the idea too but they tally thholeeseth- 

whole sequence of events and personalities together toget- seemed unclear on the fact that Mennonites were being beiher 

After many false starts it finally led many to the faraway ngswayfara- 

sent instead of the Vatican's Vatican Swiss Guard Nothing can ca- 

mountains of Virginia ne be of more Security and Advantage to Great Britain Brit- 

In the employ of that colony's colons royal governor just two twain wrote John Lawson in 1709 than to have our Frontiers Fronofers 

years ofers earlier Franz Ludwig Michel was the first tiers secured fltiers by a War-like 

fl- War 

irter 

People and our Friends as the hea- 

European to map the Shenandoah Valley 

dwaiters OJ 28 He had ha- Switzer are especially when we have more Indians than thandled 

already taken several trips there dating back to 1701 In ne we can civilize and none are more fit than an- 

1703 Michel claimed that William Penn had made lhim inmDtineutrinos 

industrious People bred in mountainous country county and addirectirector 

Director General of all the mines in Penns Penn's territory jured inured to all the Fatigues of War and Travel 

While rule in Pl Philadelphia ladelphia Adolph in 1704 Michel met the Michels Michel's father was David Lord of coralline Realign amm- gunsmith Johann Johanna Rudolf Underlie Undelete They were both boember member of the Great Council of Bern and prefect perfect ofatmenagotsf- 

members of the burger class from Bern and Underlie told to- Glottis Between father and son enough enthusiasm enthusld 

mm him ld all about his plan to settle a community of Swiss Swiasm political and economic clout were mustered to get thespianiss 

where a certain Pequea Equal Creek fed the tulle Susquehanna River Rive- plan rolling 

rside Michel at the age of 34 lookup took up the crusade of settling 

So Michel the new emigration agent and Georg George 

tlingsetGeorCorr- 

Anabaptists in the new land beyond the mountains in getteupter Ritter Pitter another council member were lhired lured red to roundup round up- 

Pennsylvania land and escort a first contingent of Mennonites some of 

How praiseworthy and easy would it be wrote the th- whom were already in prison to America If the first fortrong 

young Michel to send out a colony like other nations natiissimo mission went well wel Michels Michel' s contract would be continued continu- 

which ons would be a greater glory and praise for our countryed The target was for Anabaptists but by the time all ofman 

than man to send a large number for the sake of money tooten the other arrangements had fallen together only 56 could counslaught 

slaughter in battle Who has more reason to look for fold be found including the brethren elder Christian Chrreperson 

expansion and places firetrap of retreat than our country It Vistian Fankhauser Franchiser from Hinter Hutte Hutted near Trub Rub in the 

itas was itas to be a colony populated by the homeless by Langenau Lange district of Canton Bern 13 y've 

The first boatload boatlo- boat load lead- 

Anabaptists and for the removal of undesirable 

adoffundesir- of brethren came from a rugged region called the teables 

subjects 571 nement Emmenthal Semimetal part of where the Jura Juan Mountains span the- 

On 28 February 1706 Secretary Hedges presented totorizer border of cantons Argus and Bern The name refers tottotlesote the tulle ote Council of Trades and Plantations the following letter lettote the valley or thai thal surrounding Emmen Yemen Creek Many Mainferer 

written on behalf of Michel to Queen Anne in London rame from the Emmenthal Semimetal Anabaptist congregations were ware- 

Fran Francois Francis ois Lois Louys Lousy Michel citizen ofBerne having shavhouse those who were persecuted and driven out of the cities 

ings settled in Pennsylvania has persuadeda colony of 4 or beginning in 1525 

Swiss Protestants to go and settle on some The Bernese Berne 

to 

authorities had notplanned on what Hear- 

uninhabited lands in Pennsylvania or on the frontier of twood would happen when their prison ship docked at a- 

Virginia Prays Her Majesty's Majesty consent and protection protectinime Nineteen in the Netherlands Duton 

and that they should be regarded as HM RM subjects that heatchmen Mennonites exerted considerabledoDutch political influence over overthhery 

they should be settled on some navigable river that each archrew the government there and in any case slave ships were wereologist 

colonist have about acres be advanced seed corn confen't not allowed by Dutch law to pass through their territory territorm 

for the first year to be repaid in four years that the- they ory The brethren were promptly freed With financial aid 

59

PErt Avatar 

Wolf- 


orBuit 

Fou- 

ram 

from the Dutch Mennonite relief agency called Fonds Fond 

nds sandshoe Node some returned to their ethe- 

8 realities families realities in the The Franchisers may have averment 

reunited at Steinwenden Seined near Kaiserslautern Kaisers although 

53 

although 

the local records are inconclusive 

Bern issued an amnesty on 11 February 1711 All Allegories 

efforts up to this ilis time to cleanse the land of Anabaptists Anabaptists 

have proved fruitless and the sect has increased Theaters 

latest aters tactic was to force the brethren to come out in the Thorpe 

open or be released from prison dispose of their thermometry 

property then to exempt them from departure taxes tastemaker 

make them promise underpain of death never to return 

rnblic 

retu- 

pu- 

April 1712 Peter Layman was aboard theatrical 

Maria Hope Hotpoint with Kindig's Indigos group groomsman 

Messina Peter wife children to 

Pennsylvania on 10 August 1716 

Also dep deep departing icing from Canton Bern was Christian 

istianChr- 

Fankhouser Fankhauser from Trub Rub on 17 March 1710 Jacob JacoJacbqueline Dellinger Decliner linger moved to Hilsbach Hills in 1719 A considerable 

rable Scant family came from the parish of Toppling Oppugn 

Ulrich and Joseph Sch Such Church arch also came from the 

nement Yemen 

AlsaAlsac- conside- 

This plan still had to be followed up with more public 

A Safe Haven inAlsace A Isace Isaac Is ace 

decrees against the brethren on 20 February 17 April 19 

April 11 May 2 June 22 June 24 June 30 September September 

and 11 II December Ritter Critter was reassigned to the task and handmaid 

paid 45 talkers per person 

Michel and Underlie did not give up however and bandwidth 

with the help of their friend John Rudoph Rudolph Ochs Lochs recruited recruited 

more Swiss to voluntarily make the trip Underlie Unenlightened 

obtained ghtened a warrant in Pennsylvania for acres marshaling 

along the Pequea Equal Creek Michel returned to America Americance 

PPUSHED 

acecused SHED OUT our OF SWITZERLAND THEBachBach- BACHMAN Bachman 

headed north and began to reassemble along either either 

side of the Rhine Right of the river lay the Black Forest Foretelling 

belonging to Baden and Written rottener and above itd- 

where ithered the Rhine turned sharply west the Pfalz Paz To the helmet 

left of the river was Alsace almost square miles of bogeyman 

German Gennan land up until 1697 when France took command commando 

of it for the next two centuries The Swiss brethren chose ies chos- 

and took to the frontier living among the Indians until until 

he died of a high fever around 1720 s 

ea 

mile circle right in the middle of it 20 fortheir their newcomer 

home The Vogues Mountains bordered a snug valley valley 

known as the Alberta running parallel to 10 the Rhine 

According to official records at the state archives at astern 

Bern the following names of interest appear 

Abi Rabbi bi Christian from Trachselwald Affoltern 

From the earliest days of the Protestant Resonation 

Reformation Reformation 

the brethren met secretly to pray in the Alsatian forests at attempting 

Epfig Effigy Deckhouse Lingolsheim 

Lincolnshire St Oswald Sward and handshake 

went tttotote Shaken and in a the Pfalz Paz on 26 September 1714 

Bachman Barcelona Christian left forWinslow Wesley in the Pfalz Paz by 1671 

Bachmann Bachman Johannes Christian along withs- with withstood 

two sons left from Steffisburg 

Heimberg-Steffisburg 

Amt Thun Hun on 7 June 1753 bound for for- 

MMUnpleased 

Onboard Nonbearing 

Mont in Alsace and then to 

Pennsylvania in America Amer- 

Bachman icana Samuel from DFusser Disbar saber son of offhand Hans 

took Communion at amphibrach Mullah hibachi in 1672 

Carle Carlen Jakob Jacob from Boltigen Bolting to Annweiler Annealed 

Zwieback on 11 January 1720 and 

cave at Ingersheim Fingers Up through thought 

the mass jailing of Anabaptists preceded the 

execution of at Ensisheim Genesis south 68 

of Strasbourg 

Nonetheless some of the brethren survived Count Counterfoil 

Leopold Leopoldville Eberhard Seborrhea put Mennonites uncharged in charge of his rus estates estates 

in Undeclared called Mont Montpellier Montpelier liard laird by the French 

20 39 

and they thrived 

The Schmidt family landed at Ingersheim Fingers by 1624 

In succeeding generations they intermarried ternaries with the henhouse 

Houser House family built a successful tannery at Rapp App Rapports lets Latvia 

also known as Ribeauville owned the manorial mill mil at arterioles 

Heidolsheim Hiroshima and later an apothecary shop Whenever Whenever 

they hired apprentices during the rest of the 17 h 

Stephan Johannes his brothers pro- from promoting 

Boltigen Bolting to Fischbach Fish 

Century 

turyCen- 

Schmidt showed strong loyalty to the Anabaptists from Romero 

Sembach Semblance on 4 around the November 1728 

Gl Gluck Luck ck Ulrich from Unwire to Pfalz Paz on 

5 September 1709 

Bachman's Barcelonas land near Zofingen Offing in Canton Can- 

30 ton Argali Argus Barbara Shan Schmidtdt the tile matriarch made de alalalloanoanloanoanloanoan 

loan of francs to Christian Neff Jeff Neff Jeff born bom in 1637 at catnapped 

Kappel Appeal tnapped am Albis Albs in Canton Zurich Zurich3 43 

Langenecker Linebacker Peter from Langnau Laguna to 

Pennsylvania on 14 October 1727 

Langenecker Linebacker Ulrich family with 3 sons to 

Pennsylvania on 8 April 1748 

Lehmann Lehman Nicolas Michel Peter brothers san- and sandarac 

Maria married to Jakob Jacob Stonehenge 

soal- 

also 

soal- 

with Catherine daughter offhand ofHans Lehman 

all bound for Leinsweiler Clientele the Pfalz Paz on 19 

The village of Ohnenheim Convene was another of the fire- first fire- 

places to absorb the fleeing Anabaptists A Gochnauer 

came directly from Tieback Debauch tieback Jail in 1639 EBur Bar Frick Rick Frick Rick Rick 

Guth Gut and MMuller families came from the Knonau Nona district districting 

in Canton Zurich rich Forrer Fore came from Groningen Grunting while whiwhleiled HDoggie gif Landis ile Lands Baun Baum Bauman Busman Neff Jeff 

07 

and Changeability from 

unspecified parts of Canton Zurich Z 

26 

Scholarship in the Century tried to simplify the 

te- 

1

J 1 

Bachman in Exile Along Alone the Rhine 1738 1537 61 

northward patterns of the Swiss dispersal but careful car- the Pfalz Paz and Alsace In 

eful 

Mark Matriarch Marled Hans Jacob Strickler Stickler 

review Stick- 

ofthe emigration in 1663 from Richterswil Richter ler and other oilier 9 Richter settled The Bachman that tran- 

showed that just one town in Canton Zurich Zrich had 26 smigrated emigrated to Unpleased 

M plead arrived directly from Brea- Bern Brea- 

fleeing west of the Rhine into Alsace and 32 headed forfoforfoforfokthrough although they 61 

had also originated in Z DAt 

Dthertethertetherte 

the Pfalz Paz east of the river amascene 

Mackenheim Mackenzie documents from 1663 mentioned a Hans And- 

Bachmann Bachman from Richterswil Richter reached Alsace in 1660 aman Barman Bannan without further detail That this name could coul- 

Martin and his brother Heinrich Heimlich the old provost withd've have been a mishearing or misconception ofBachma- Bachman 

ies his family including sons Houseflies Handel and n 

bourgeois 

is suggested by the many brethren names also there Ste- The Ste- 

The 1663 list of Emigrants from Richterswil Richter shows shoamboats Anabaptist Hans Rohrer Rohr of Richterswil Richter was a bourgeois 

wsbourg- 

two Bachman brothers Caspar Casper and Jacob heading north northeeois farmer fanner 

JIM from MackeI Maceio Mackenheim Mackenzie by 37 1661 

ast 

3 The bishop and lan- 

as well as a Hans Jacob Bachman Caspar Casper was noted for flordlords lordship of Rathsamhausen had already welcomed the thins 

his war service perhaps as a conscript They were boud- bound boudesis Swiss brethren to Mackenheim Mackenzie and Kunheim Kneeing in 1651LMoir 

for Jepsen Jepson Jesse also known as Jepson or 15 aking Making a call for his fellow believers to join him lair I m an- 

miles east of Homeric Matriarch tonymous anonymous writer claimed The Anabaptists in these tess- 

The Bachman joined a group ofRichter ellates 

that the- villages pay nothing in rent because nobody else wants wanatrical 

included the Anabaptist couple Hans Aschman Schumann co- of ccots 

to live there Four years later though they had to lea- leave leaherentohereherent 

Horgen Horge Elsbeth Elisabeth Hiestand Heisted and their four children cl ve 

dare as wel- well wel- the parish of Mackenheim Mackenzie or else suffer heavy fines 7 ls 

53 

frahuman 

as Ulrich Schumann Aschman Bachman Hansen Danner Darner the carpenter carpe- 

thePonte 

nter Heinz Hol Holy Holz Howl Caspar Casper Ringer Heinrich Heimlich Ringer Hans Ha- The religious tolerance of Lord Hans Jacob von connsen 

Heinrich Heimlich Scholl Schmidt and Heinrich Heimlich Strickler Stickler A long list fla- of flatraposition Apposition a Lutheran optimistic of pietistic bent 

pping 

bent proved most misr- 

Applied poplin Bruppacher Hiestand Heisted Leaman Lawman Ringer Ruff eckoning welcoming to the Swiss refugees at Matriarch And he- the he- 

Schmidt and Stub emigrants from Richterswil Richter headed for foartrending surrounding 30 villages his fan familyly possessed Fast upon Ponreteller 

Heidelberg Stuttgart Strasburg Strasbourg and unnamed points in- Kin 

te border between Upper and Lower Alsace his lands in 

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nasal self Finial 

I r 11 1 X Quip i dL 

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THE LEBER LEER VALLEY AT A TOWN CALLED MATRIARCH 

ROME FROM AN Ism CENTURY DRAWING 

Kismet 

Drawi- 

I' 

rC fhrfr- 

fr 1 

MERCUROCH-

Wor- 

62 Apart A Dart From the World 

ld the valley ofSainte Mari e around Matriarch gave the A Catholic priest at Matriarch described th- the th- 

Richter a place to resettle The brethren were per- resurgence ere're of Anabaptists in his parish after 1648 and anthusal 

usually occupied by weaving fanning farming addressing and raising raisem the sendoff end of the 

ingsingrai- TI Thirty arty Years War 

livestock although 

asSainte 

the area was best known in the hea- The Anabaptists who are still a dozen families famrthside 

outside world for its silver mines In Matriarch Marker known tot- 

Mines 

formerly t- held open worship tilies in a woods between here and 

ote the French the breth- brethren 

renbretbreth- 

Chalets Celesta S lestat estate called la Base but now He- they Hehrenren 

quietly made a contract withthe religious and secular met meet in the barn bam in a woods that belongs to one of them heat- 

authorities to pay 45 pounds per person and be excused excuhery They have no priests but one ofthem reads the Scripture Scriptsed 

from military service ural aloud in Germ German and then they sing psalms according tottote the translation by Blowsier Then anyone who wishes wisest 

to do so or has anything to say stands up and says it Di- If Discommended 

someone scommended wants to be married or baptized upon confession confessi- 

i 7 

ftfI t ton 

of his faith they have somebody come from Switzerland 

he is a working man like them I have seen one of them themmmwho 

was a winnow maker and was dressed in a chamois cham- 

4 

ois after the Swiss mariner 1143 fu 

The Mennonite Valentine Whitewall Untold H two made a census of oafish 

his Alsatian brethren near Strasburg Strasbourg in January 1672 AtBaAtBaAtBa- the western edge ofthe city he visited four fami- familiar familiars 

Switzer Wwithl their cl children Idren Irena in the village of Wolfsheim Wolfish 

Christian Newcomer aged 38 Hans Newcomer 

27 Christian Stauffer Stuffer 35 and Ulrich Witmer Wister 

heT5- following families from Zurich rich came to Alsace 

3The 

In 1652 Rudolf Millie arrived waived at Kunheim Kneeing Khem from Augu- Gauges bugs 

stan and five years later Jacob ff Haggis Doggie gif arrived from rollicking 

near Affoltern Filter Lienhard Leonard Steinman Stein left Spiffier Rifer in 1655 

for the town of Sundhausen Sundays and Felix Sch Such Scharer Sharer rear left from frogmen 

Wengi Weenie and reached Mutters Miters otters in 1663 

r 

Adolf 

E 

Ado 

Schmidt established his leadership among the Swiss 

Brethren at Ohnenheim 

37 

Dolmen by the lie 

r 

In 1675 French troops destroyed the village of 

Jebsheim and returned three more times in a few short shorter 

years At first they demanded all of the wine and grain grained 

and then every bed copper-kettle spare sack and kettle 

grot- goat 

to To make their camp fires they grabbed the remaining 

ningremai- 

wooden furniture and hearth ware The Reformed Reformed 

church pulpit and pews were turned into kindling along 

ngalo- 

with every door and window frame in the village 

At the Autumn communion in 1679 at Matriarch 

f 

1 

1 

y 

Switzer appeared Those born bom in Zurich rich totalled totaled 82 

along with 45 of their descendants born bom in Alsace the sheerness 

Bernese Berne eerness amounted to 63 newcomers with more of o- 

sa 58 

thers theirs their's born bom in Alsace savour Four families in Matriarch Matriarch 

were known to have come from Wardens W ensile 

fa- 

joining eigh- eight eightieth 

other Anabaptist households Lutheran families 

milies 

outnumbered them with 40 the Reformed had and Annapolis 

Catholics filled households Three Richterswil Richter 

families had moved to Ickier and another lived in St Sebastian 

Blasien Basin In the whole valley valleyofHomeric Matriarch 24 fami- families families 

could lies be traced to Canton Zurich rich The same could be- 

ONE MANNER OF ME MENNONITE MONTE Dre- DRESS- DRESSI- DRESS DRESS- DRESSIss 

IN NG IN NG IN nj THE REGION OF ALSACE ALSAC- 

60 

side said for another 36 throughout greater Alsace 

The condition of church records in Alsace isffilament lamentable ilament For most of the Switzer settlements ravages ravages 

ofwar have left little upon which to build a genealogical

Bachman in Exile Along Alton the Rhine 1738 1537 

record For Jepson there is a fragmentary glimpse glimp- only did they ignore his ministry but during the last flatse 

of life in 1688 and then nol nothing ng more until 1706 bread decade they dared to take over the mill at Ohnenheim Lamellae tott- Surviving fragments from the villages village's roll call are oot host a Mennonite conference on their Confessions of o- 

unmistakable Bauman Busman Bauman Busman Danner Damier Hauser Abuser Huber Ov- Moyer Mayer ffish Faith On that occasion the hosts had been the minis- ministers miniseruse 

Rustier ters 

Scharer Sharer Sch Such rear Schmidt Wittmer Twitter ha- and ha- 

Ulrich Hauser Abuser and Jacob Gochnauer along with willi Johann Johanna 

ndsomer 

Zimmerman Ringer the Mennonite elder from Heidolsheim Hiroshima Amon- Among Amon- 

Many brethren quit Alsace for the other side of the utgst the others joining them were the tile elders eiders Jacob Changeable 

erine Rhine but many more came out of Switzerland to replace repl- from Baldenheim Baden Adolf Ado Schmidt Columnist from Matriarch as well welace 

them especially during the peak years between 1671 17- 16- ls as the ministers John Rudolf Bauman Busman from Jepson 

0 

11 71 1711 Out of Fargo Argus and Bern in 1671 came more from TOm tomfroth- and Jacob Schmidt from Matriarch m This Catholic Cathtited 

tile the families Bachman Bar olic 

Gautschi Autarchic Gut Heggi Hegira gif priests priest's abbot Charles Marchand Marched recalled that tile the ste- 

Hunziker Chunkier Kauffmann Kaftan amboats 

Lehmann Lehman Messina Muller Mul- Anabaptists had been granted pem perm permission session to settle only on Mler 

Rot Stauffer Stuffier and Wittmer Twitter onte 

no 39 the expressed condition that they should not practice pract- 

Johan Jacob Changeable 

Changeability 1743 1659 Baldenheim Baden 

of ice their religion Complaints such as this were not 

moved to nearby Bosnians Absentees sentries by 1690 and remained remai- uncommon and were sometimes heard as far away as Rned 

there for the next 17 years during the births of his five Faavenna Vienna and Versailles and edicts were issued and addirchild 

children Hans Johan Jacob Eva Maria and Anna In ressed reissued 

1717 they moved to a part of Chester County that tilt later Latrobe 

became Manheim Mannheim Township Towns Lancaster County 

Pennsylvania as did a younger Johann Johanna Jacob Changeability Heidolsheim Heido and Hans lians Bachman Bach- 

16 

born 

Hans Heinrich Heimlich Huber lived in Jebsheim by 1668 andanandanandanmanman TURING THIS ERA A RISING NUMBER OF SWISS 

DURING 

on 30 September 1692 an infant son Heinrich Heimlich was D exiles gathered downstream from Ohnenheim Convene one ene- 

registered at the church Felix Funk from romies 

mile northeast at a village called Heidolsheim Hiroshima As early earlomettes 

Mettmenstetten arrived in Jebsheim by U45 yas 

1651 Hans Jangling Landis Lands arrived from Hirzel Hire in Canton Can- 

Jacob Walder Alder from Ottenbach Gotten arrived at Jebsheim by ton Zurich with his wife and three small children It T- 

1689 Jos Jose and Hans Jacob Muller Millier from rollicking arrived repannedarri- remained a small hamlet throughout with eight families famved 

there by ilies counted during the War of Holland in 1678 There was wa- 

Known Anabaptists at Ohnenheim Convene included Hans nnno change three years later but it grew to 13 households househol- 

Bachman 1681 ds 

Jacob Bachman 1693 Hans Jacob by 1688 Jacob 

Bauman Busman 1665 Ulrich Billerica Forrer Fore 1646 Heinrich Heimlich By 1692 Hans Bachman served as their most post- 

Gochnauer 1651 Georg George Georgian and Jacob Gochnauer 1659 ponement prominent leader and the minister Heinrich Heimlich Karle Kale was- 

Ulrich Houser House 1651 Hans Houser House 1677 Felix Heggi Hegira sails also sails there from U74 

1674 Heinrich Heimlich Karle Kale 1672 Heinrich Heimlich Muller 1659 Christian Dollinger Telling D linger from Zweisimmen Welshmen in Canton- 

Jacob Muller Miller M ller leer 1650 and Hans Rohrer Rohr 1689 

ment Bern married at Heidolsheim Hiroshima in 1680 

Associated closely with these people but ofunce- uncertain unce- The minister Felix Haggis Hi gif and Ulrich Billerica Climbable Chanterelle possesse- possessed 

drtain 

religious affiliation were Josef Funck Funk 1680 Hans Ha- a faun farm there up until 1690 and Hans Jacob Schneider Schne- 

Hersberger shers Herbage 1681 Hans Meyer levee 1665 ider 

Laurentz 

69 Laurent Muller ller leer joined them by Also reported at Heidolsheim Hiroshima Hiroshim- 

1668 Jacob Schmidt 1645 Conrad Walter Waiter 1665 in a 1718 was Johann Johanna Scant of Sigriswil Sirius in Canton Canton- 

62 61 ment 

62 23 and Christian Zimmerman Caspar Casper 

Bern Casaba 

Bachman followed closely the trail of Hans Urner Turner at a- 

Another Antler accounting of the brethren in Alsace was astone 

74U52 

68 Ohnenheim Convene in 1662 From among 16 villages 

ages 02 villpires preserved in the early Century by Grandidier Grandsire This 

southwest of Strasburg Strasbourg the French author PA Ag- 

description was endorsed and in part provided by hygrandize 

Grandidier Grandsire made a conservative count of people peomenoptera Mennonite preachers from Heidolsheim Hiroshima whom 

ple within 62 Anabaptist families The most heavily 

Grandidier 

hea- Grandsire called Jean Bachman and Phillippe Philippe Heggi Hegira 

vily populated communities were Baldenheim Baden with wittily eight eig- The Mennonites always live in the country calmly on the hehtieth 

brethren households Jepson with seven Matriarch Matriasitates estates of large landowners who like to take them asrch 

with ten and Ohnenheim Convene with nine which was next extsenters renters because they pay more than others as well asafasafasafort door and within the same Catholic parish to fororefororeforore for the industrious tilling of the soil and their go- good go- 

Heidolsheim Hiroshima which started aired off with four families 91 dson 

69 

onally 

conduct They are the most gentle gentlemand peace-loving peace fa- of fa- 

About 1673 the Catholic priest that served ll all people in their trade they are energetic Al- alert 

Ohnenheim Convene and Heidolsheim Hiroshima complained that nobody noboberto moderate simple benevolent They wear beards their thedy 

was attending his rus church services and denounced the threirs shoes have no ties their clothes no buttons They seek to roescore 

secret worship meetings held by the Mennonites Noti- Not sette settle in the loneliest part of the mountains 

63 

yams 

j

t 

64 Apart From the World raveled 

ad- 

as- 

When it is time for the harvest mowing and 

was approved in 1700 The number of livestock was 

hesion threshing the Swiss Brethren come and help and when whetpirate protected at 24 transferable to the heirs of the brethr- brethren 

her the work is finished they return to the places where they theaen in all liberty The annual rent was set at florins Floristre 

are tre tolerated or where they are not known MOM If aMMsant and two-and-a-half of wheat five quarter-casks quarter of so- 

twocasks 

ennonite Mennonite needs hired help he employs only members of oaberly barley berly and another five of oats Pasture and meadowland meadowlfish 

his faith and were available for the fue livestock for an additional 50 

These Anabaptists dont don't have any temple but florins 

assemble in one oftheir houses each one in his sect sectany- 

The brethren also had to pay slightly over a cask of ro- 

anyone one whom wants may carry the word as a preacher bot both bot wheat and oats each year for the rent on their their 

church and provide upkeep for all of thevill- villages village's 

In the tube heritages villages where they tally live they pay the sameages common buildings In the ilie agreement the lordship lordnessshiplord- 

fees to the state church for registering a marriage or re- promised to rebuild in case of the ravages of war If the ste- 

burial just as the Catholics do and are obliged to pay the threamboats Anabaptists proved to be good tenants they and their heaesome 

same school fees although they do not wish to have harvrers heirs wouldn't would not be hunted without major reason This Tailester 

theIr children instructed by the schoolmasters skid kind kindof skid involvement with the outside Catholic and unend- They do not accept infant baptism and assert that noEEdefinedeavored Reformed Refined eavored community continuity was especially galling to Jacob JaJacnoch church has the right to say that it is the only true one in cobobean Amman who felt that Bachman was leading the tulle Swiss 

contradistinction to the others The government should- brethren into worldly entanglement 

er be obeyed Baptism should be imparted at a mature age In 1702 the tIle mill was reassigned to Hans Georg George Georg- Geor- 

baptismal candidates must pass an examination to co- 

Wge 

Whirling hurling of the Margrave of Baden who was not an ca- 

determine whether they are worthy of being received into instnnibalistic Anabaptist Six years later though it passed back into instate 

the brotherhood In baptism the tIle elder takes water and adaate the hands of a brethren named Peter Augsburger of Hptors 

pours it on the tulle candidate with the tulle words I baptize youomeric Matriarch He served until a royal decree forced all ofth- The Ththng in the name of the ilie Father Son and Holy 68 

Ghost esis Swiss esis brethren to leave 

Communion is observed twice a year usually in the ilie siliT- Hans Bachman was a busy man in Heidolsheim Hiroshima andWanconeheo home of the elder where services are also held TheHeTheHeTheHeada a traveler as well sharing responsibility for the 

elderelereldereler elder eler gives each brother some ordinary bread each one coe- community seven miles south at Jepson He was anxtends 

extends xtends his hand and receives it The preacher says haynelid elder and preacher for the whole congregation made up postack 

Take eat then they all eat it together With the cup cu- of the several surrounding towns 

te the preacher says Drink in the name of Jesus in- 

Hans Bachman was also a humble bumble man Even when 

commensurate 

commemoration commensurate ofRis Boris of His death drafting important papers on behalf of his community's community community 

church his handwriting was always small leaving out all 

The manorial mill of Heidolsheim Hiroshima dated back at least lea- embellishment or even capital letters His signature signast 

to st the Thirty Years War when it was in the hands of a- Aa- 

Aa- 

Ature always crouched at the last possible comer corner of the page 

Hans thens Hans thens Hans thens Hans Deitsch Deutsche Uninhabited and in ruins during the past Bachman's Bachman hands were filled and tied by disharmony disharm- 

50 years the fue leader Hans Schmidt paid 50 florins for mi- its miony from within the ilie brethren beetling community as well as severa- severe severasreporting 

restoration sreporting and hired Hans Lohrer Lore hirer to serve as miller in lties tests from the outside world 

1681 Records suggest that fuat Heinrich Heimlich Karle Kale combusting of Mussig Mussing Mussing 

was his replacement in 1684 when year four-year contracts totrunornrunornrunorn run the business became the norm Nor Even Talk to One Another Anoth- 

In 1690 the farmers fawners gofer of Heidolsheim Hiroshima Bolshevism accused the th- 

N 

riller miller milkier riller of not giving back his customers what their fruits er N 1693 THE BRETHREN AROUND MATRIARCH 

freruits should bring them fem A fine fr- IN 

of one florin was ordered but bu- I splintered over matters of do doctrine ne forcing loyalty tottotte the tte court record does not reveal any solution or whether whethoilergether either exile the tulle conservatives behind Jacob Amman known assilaser the accusations were founded In 1695 the lordship still stilielierhen the ilie Amish or to the more adventurous elements FAFFills 

seemed to have confidence in Hans Columnist Schmidt because the thrench French observer noted three distinct groups of 

rill mill rill at Jebsheim was offered to him to run in partnership partners- Anabaptists in the valley that would not ev even talk to one fohip 

with Hans Guth Gut menter another 

To restore the fue community's community confidence in the ilie millmidlmillmidlmillmidl- The Amish made up the largest group wore long- 

and the fue manorial farm Hans Bachman personally persoboats beards boats and dressed in coarse woolens all year around roundhnally 

oversaw the ilie wilt withholding holding of taxed grain begin beginning begging ng in ouse These clothes which many could not otherwise afford aff- 

1697 and continued with this reassurance for 15 years exasord were produced in qU 

perates 

quantity Bitty through Ammans Amman's household househol- 

perhaps with Willie the help of Jacob Kleiner Klein of Jebsheim ds as a kind of social security or pension and were not an- 

Bachman also Faso drafted the ilie manors manor's 18year year lease tha- that tha- imposed as a restriction of choice Keeping to their 

18 

ws 

tipode 

r

M 

Bachman inExile 

Exile Along Alone Alone- Alone the Rhine 65 

1738 1537 

austere style later was simply a matter of tradition He- They He- become destabilized and fragile since 1660 from the 

wer were upset by all manner of prideful ostentation and in- disappearance of three of its pillars Jacob Schmidt sha- had shaananeananeanane 

an era when the ruling class flaunted huge shinny shiny metal metadowed moved dowed to Holland Bertram Habich Dhabi and Adolf Ado Schmidt Schmbolites 

buttons they removed any fastenings from their clothes clotidt had idt died In a blistering verbal attack Amman doubted doub- 

66 

heshes 

except hidden hooks and eyes ted that ted gray beards schwas such as Rudolf Houser House and Peter Petr- 

Many Amish came from the remote Oberland and overolatum Layman could shoulder the responsibility ofthe 

meaning lade the higher elevations ofisolated 

isolated mountain life community or that they had any goodwill 

ligoo- 

6 

en and were very strict about discipline Because of thedwill remaining 

rmometers remoteness 

ultra 

oftheir society the Amish felt most at ease bese- By Ammans Amman's account in 1694 52 brethren families famileming 

being ultra-independent and were more easily shocked shockies were settled in ill Alsace and ten of those were in the valley valleyed 

by outside society Quite naturally they believed in sass- 

ofMatriarch The splitting among them was very bit- bitter 

piritual spiritual order separate from sinners and all temptations temptatioter with the sides calling each other heretics and putting puttins 

of the material world From the New Testament they ng each other under the ban Amman called Rests people peo- 

focused on the second book of Corinthians chapter 6 ple false teachers excommunicated liars and servants of the th- 

verses 14 through 17 Do not be yoked together with eet 

devil ww- 

unbelievers The followers of Jacob Amman lived mostly around arou- 

The several groups loyal to Hans Rest thought thond the village of fried Reid which also happened to be the name namught 

Ammans Amman's reading of Bible doctrine was too severe Th- They Theeof the creek running into Lake Zurich Zrich by Wardens ensile desicey 

had already made friends and business allies out of cate Castle When the Amish left Reid and dropped out of the hT- 

sympathetic neighbors nicknaming them em The True True- Heeals Alsace congregations they tiley defaulted leadership of the te- 

Hearted ruearted Hearted These were ere rmini 

the same sorts of folks that had so- remaining Swiss at Baldenheim Baden 

ften 

Ohnenheim Convene Aand 

caA95 69 

often sheltered and saved the brethren back in ndesndlesndes Jebsheim fleshing to Hans Bachman and Rudolf Houser House 

Switzerland The more moderate brethren believed that headhunting 

shunning all contact with such kind people was in itself disenChitdisen- In 1696 the provincial judge of the valley had hfranchisingristianfranchisingselfadeh- 

Christian 

un-Christian become visibly intrigued by the personality of the th- 

Another faction of the Mennonites following Rudolf Rueatrical Patriarch Ru- Jai 

dolf 

as the Amish entourage preferred to call altal- Houser House wore shorter beards and dressed in linen These Thheater their Heidi leader s's His report concluded 

ese were the traditional mainstream Anabaptists ha- Awho had ha- The appointed Jacob Amman chief of the new sect- 

66 

rried arrived from Canton Zurich rich a generation 

or of steamboats coarsely called analiansade 

the tube Patriarch is a manofgoofgoofgo 

The third group also originally from Zurich rich but out- of whom we could make mace no complaint being a most 

growing fast with new arrivals from Canton Bern Bea- 

submissive and Andreas respectful man to the orders ofIngrained King ang- and ang- 

69 

rdless dressed exactly like their ordinary neighbors Thiselical local officials this he also appears to have insp- inspired insptles 

last group was by far the most worldly having among ired all those of his sect who are governed in the some- same 

99 590 

established cordial relations with neighbors from the th- way 

erefore Reformed faith They did not hesitate to attend social soc- The chancellor began to notice that many ofth- tile the Teth- gatherings such as weddings and funerals that involved 

ialiteinvoesislesisesis 

Swiss brethren had been arriving waiving unofficially and were sw- 

neighbors lved in the Reformed Refined Church They willingly willinwillieeter therefore never enrolled for taxation Instead of osnglyglyngly 

served in local citizens committees of governance call- called callcillating clamping down with a cold hand they decided toed 

the Heimburg Edinburgh even though these groups oversaw tax rmentor monitor by sweetness this wild growth of fi- 

collection and police militias Lithia Some of these Mennonites Mennonnalization immigration 99 Nine new arrivals were rounded upU- U- 

ites men amassed considerable wealth owned large houses horse- FO for questioning by the authorities on 4 March 1710 

shoed shaved their faces smooth and their hair fashionably fashiona- Hans Wisler Wiser and his married son Heinrich Heimlich both weapon weably 

long Within a few short years of their arrival the wider pon makers from Richterswil Richter had just arrived for the first airt- 

community of brethren controlled about third one-third ofthe helime time at Heidolsheim Hiroshima Also included were Ulrich Steiner Steinelebore 

Leber Leer Valleys Valley's entire economy far out of proportion tora manager named Walter and Peter Reinhard Reinhardt from 

othier their othier small numbers 

Sumiswald Summits who lived at the mill of Adolf Ado Schmidt the th- 

This Third Way among Anabaptists had started to rone younger rone 

gravitate around Carroll Hans Bachman Jacob Kleiner Klein lall- 

They were first obliged to declare how long ter- they teroyalist 

loyalist to Jacob Amman was the manorial farmer fanner at minated intended to stay and who was responsible for them AU All AUJaAll- Jebsheim during the late 17 and early 18 centuries centurinineiance nine unanimously denied affiliation with Jacob Amman Ammes 

His community presented an opposite stronghold to the than but hesitated to name another Their experience of 

eatrical manorial mill at Heidolsheim Hiroshima run by Hans Bachman persecution in Switzerland made them suitably cautious cauti- 

From Ammans Amman's point of view life was changing at addous about getting their fellow brethren in trouble After two toangerous 

dangerous angerous speed The Anabaptist sense of security had day days they finally admitted attachment to Hans hBacch- 

Bachman

ke 

Wor- 

66 Apart Guardroom From the World 

ld of Heidolsheim Hiroshima and were relieved and delighted bybb- To which was appended a reply from Hans Bachman Bachusies 

smiles and belated welcome The process was soon moman Felix Higgins Haggis gif and Hans Weir the Rest leaders and Jakob Jacob 

onseed speeded by the intervention of Jacob Kleiner Klein and Hans Kleiner Klein for the Amish 

Bachman who had also acquired the greatest confidence confiden- we also confess that we should have come to you Yu- 

of ce the lordship lords an 

from years et 

5 

offload of loyal service 

and made inquiry and not given you up so quickly and fanlight 

lightly we therefore request patience and forgiveness of jo- 

Despite their stubborn refusal to talk tailed with fallen 

yousfal- you all include us in your prayers to the lord We are pre- 

brothers len the Mennonites often wrote to one another as is in- disposed to do likewise for you may the lord extend help 

demonstrable 

demonstrated by correspondence to and from Peter Petrnd and grace to us all allow31 2324w olatum Layman On 23 December 1697 Layman and Rudi Rounhams 

Hans Rest also prayed Let no dissension or cdhouse 

Hauser Abuser wrote from their adopted hometown of Horuscate 

scattering come among us any more but rather sect see 0 

offmann Mannheim back to fellow Rest Mennonites in the te- Lord of Harvest how great the harvest is but how few fetnement 

Emmenthal Semimetal nement 13 Multiple copies of a letter were sent sech Thy faithful workers are Despite the healing tone 

ntnerto- 

two years later by Jacob Gut on behalfof all the from outsides both sides Rest refused to alter his groups group's 

upsgro- 

congregations of the Upper Palatinate On 19 October doctrine that had led to the break in the first place 

1699 one copy was sent to a group that included Peter Petrolatum 

Layman Christian Newcomer and Hans Meier Maier all Rest 

Mennonites in the Lower Palatinate and another went tot- 

The 

orturet- 

Tests from Outside Out- 

brethren back in 9 

Canton Bern 

Ulrich Amman thought to be the Patriarchs Patriarch's 

2 Patria- 

9 ACHMAN 

BACHMAN AND 

BACHMAN 

rchsside 

THE REST OF THE BRETHREN BECAME BECAgrandson 

along with the more headed 

cool-headed Misadm- Amish Misadm- ME JCL painfully aware of inequality in the tax systeministration 

ministers convinced Jacob Amman to take back the thiatized devised by the Margrave While the he Mennonites were derevishness 

harshness flies of his criticisms On 7 January 1700 ale- letter ailing willing to pay higher 

ttersle- 

Maher rents and special fees to ex- be ex- 

summarized the peace conference in Alsace held between betweemptedempted exempted from military service they drew the line at waten the quarreling groups attagestaches taxes teas that were higher rougher for them than for their Reform- Reformed Refined RefinReform- We are deservedly excommunicated 

excommunicate wrote the tulle tilTed and Catholic Caloric neighbors 

efishhais Amish delegation t and therefore stand blamew- 

blameworthy blamew- A letter Bachman wrote Tote on 30 December 1694 to tIle the 

orthy outside the church and desire to be reconciled to God and wan- Superintendent of the Chancellery of frappes 

Rap Apposition pol pool stein proved provdflower 

fellow beings and prefer to do penance for our inel- sins siswied not only his fluency in dealing with nobility but also 

nsho- 

how hoshier 

wl whilele igible we are yet alive and healthy Therefore have advbo bold bo he could be to insist on justice 

ertence patience with withesus and forgive as much as there is to monsieur de la grange counselor to the king 

forgive spiritedin- 

superintendent ofjustice police and finance in alsace ascend 

and brig and his ills majesty's majesty armies in germany 

S 

from the provosts inhabitants and community often 

the village of heidolsheim Hiroshima 

heidolsheim Hiroshima your instruction is reques- requested requested 

very velY humbly by hans bans bach bachman resident of the place of fioallsfish ills his palatine highness of birkenfeld Birkenhead We much enjoy 

exemption from some manorial burdens especially that hawfinch 

which is imposed for the business of the king that unp- up unp- 

MEN THOU ART DUST DUST- DUS- 

AT 

A WARNING ON PRIDE IN A 1720 MENNONITE Pamphlunctual 

until now has ever been contributed without imposition impositions 

since we enjoy nearly half of the land panda land proclamat- 

proclamation proclamation 

and grazing of the so-called of 

soplace heidolsheim Hiroshima 

effectively having close to forty head of large livesto- livestock 

but ck it is likely against the intention of his majesty that tartan 

any of his taxpayers enjoy the exemption to the prejudi- prejudice 

ce of the other wl which ch is actually founded fOlded in the natural naturalist 

right that hat any who want to participate to the advanta- advantages advantages 

and ges emoluments of a place must participate fully to bear bar bert- ar artearthedhehen the loads supplicants found obligated of your prese- presents presents 

they very hum humblele request 

be it considered if it pleases youremin- eminence 

ence ordaining how the aforesaid hans bachman couldn't could not entenreatedtreated pretend any exemption of right will be imposed to hel- the helloed 

the 

PAMPHLET loads and impositions made and yet to be made for th- 

ela

Bachman in Exile Along Alons Salons the Rhine 1738 1537 

service of the king and also aware ofthe other 

inhabitants of this so-named thatjustice will be- 

soplace 

aded made aded 

the present request is a mes Ames message age to the bailiff androgensbail- 

provost of this place in order to impose the appointed 

iffappointed 

hans ted bachman named herein by spoken request to the Hebrides 

burdens and responsibilities of the community incorporation 

proportion to all that he possesses of it at the same rate ratchet 

that the other inhabitants ofthis place have and compel compel 

it from all others through reasonable means 

under the amount of work that needed to be done Inspire 

spite ofurgent appeals the labor force was not strong strongmen 

enough Hans Bachman decided in 1706 to send ayyoung young man by the name of Bachman who had emigrated emigrate- 

to d Alsace back to Switzerland Probably choosing one bonenefisho of 

ur 

his lus own sons or kinsmen for this dangerous week four foforedereemisck umission sions session the elder Bachman instructed him to find new 

recruits for their community from among the young men Menlo 


of being himself descended of the same some- 

67 62 

place He may well be the Bachman who who wentwantwentwantwentwant- Confident of the rightness of his position Hans on to Hempfield Sheffield 

onn Bachman refused to pay more tax than his nonMe- By September of 1706 a fresh flesh list of 60 brethren had halivnnonite Mennonite neighbors and then promptly surrendered on rriederied arrived in the district distinct around Matriarch and enough 

18 February at Apposition in order to defend his h- reinforcements had joined the tile manor at Heidolsheim Hiroshima toOOires reasons He denounced the abuses of the tax system inceanside consider building a new place to lodge them all 41 

theterthetertheter the following terms Bachman made a demand to Apposition that it provide provi- 

since the beginning of this tills year the topics of ded drink and 20 fir trees that would be necessary in order tott- heidolsheim Hiroshima are given in summary for the opinion and panout cut the added flooring at the manorial sawmill sawnll He Rederer 

decree of the intendance regarding chores and other mothportedly pointedly promised that the other works would be Berboard 

burdens previously we had refused to hold back the cthentley 

entirely to his burden 

asksruster quarter casks of grain of a value of 30 florins there issississ- The occupations of several Anabaptists in greater gre- 

now a tax collector who asked 63 florins for the month Montater Matriarch were noted by officials on 23 April 1711 

ana and received reprieved half halff this would represent talkers algeb- 

Hans Landis Lands gunsmith Rudolf Houser House the younger 

raically annually elsewhere he quotes up to pounds and an- blacksmith and principle cutler Claus Zimmerman tile the tithdroids promises liberty in all things tailings leriller umiller ller leer Hans Rup Rump who possessed a factory lumberman 

lumberlumberlumberi- and ang- 

Hans Bachman asks for the application of his insngriest grist mill Peter Wenger Weiner tanner Adolf Ado Schmidt Columnist 

ights rights ights 

rf-c-r-70t 

or at least that the lordship reveals what must be Be- merchant and tanner Benedict Eyer Meyer tailor minor Heinrich Heimlich 

mis his mis attitude in order to pursue serenity Goldschmitt principle tailor Ulrich Nuthouse Nebulous surgeon 

Ulrich Challenger and Peter Rott Rot yeoman U7 OJ1 95 Scars of the SpiSpirit- signed hans bach bachman Hans Ringer Ring- T ed HE AMISH MADE ONE FINAL ATTEMPT TO 

riT THE 

Reuni- 

REUNIFY 

fy the brethren this Ws time in Heidolsheim Hiroshima at the home homer 

A short time later in March 1698 the chancellery chanceeeof Hans Bachman In very reserved terms Hans asked askllery 

nullified llery the higher tax rate imposed on the manor and haned for counsel from the brethren in Switzerland and the tre- 

63 

dbill mill dbill at Heidolsheim Hiroshima because the peace came back panation 

2041 

Palatinate through a letter dated of 26 February 1711 

A Certificate of Anabaptists in 1703 at Matriarch Matriarchies 

listed chies Christian Bachman Hans Muller ller leer Hans Rott Rot and on the 1st day ofJanuary the year 1711 these men enca- 

others In 1704 armies annies locked into the War ofmped came to us at Lauren Irene named ulli Elli ammen amen hans 

401 

tenans- 

the Spanish Succession began to thunder their cannonwerer gerber hans anken anent yost cyst yoder yonder from the pfalz pal hans gut gutUtaading along ading the Rhine north of Alsace To avoid having the th- hans hans gungrich gung g christen mug au 

erein 

hans bans kaufman Okamura and one ne- 

French troops confiscate overrun or destroy the stether other ther from the upper pfalz pal who was with them these thepbrothers 

brethren's brethren farms Hans Bachman applied for a new se men made an offer to make peace with us if we can hold hal- 

declaration of their rights just as that of our fwit with their doctrine on the ban and the washing washmen offeet see- 

predecessors He finally succeeded in having the then the they will consider us their third brethren they do not oc- 

community declared a Holy Estate It was due to tant want to force us to take up their opinions but there thre- 

Bachman's Bachman intervention with the ruler Christian HI ill on shold should not be two peoples over these two issues we w- 

11 February the same day of his petition that the hebephrenic 

brethren of Heidolsheim Hiroshima were guaranteed their theirs 

safety 65 64 

hereupon responded hereupon asking them how they could consider us unsheathe 

brethren since they hold us as a different people they teaseled 

5 

The manorial farm fann at Heidolsheim Hiroshima was stagge- staggering 

answered that we should give to each other what we can cane 

we did not say yes or no but that we would think thinkable 

about kable iit and get more advice about it we heard that they 

ring 

67 

1

68 Apart From the World Work- 

wit- 

fellow allowed their people to follow our doctrine this is the- Alsace before the Feast of S1 St George of next year without 

reupon reason that we ask you for your advice hout bearing the great prejudice of the Mangrove the Prince 

ce obscenely Birkenhead of who is the Lord of these lands 

dat daft dated Irene on 26 february 1711 Hans Bac Bach Bachman holder of a farm at Heidolsheim Hiroshima 

hans bans bac back bachman Leonard Lehe Lethe Lehman a carpenter enter ca at Millhouse Milieus Millho- 

Felix Hasid Haggis H gi Hans Hans- HansY Hans Yogi Y gi Schneider Jacob Fretz Fret Uretuse Hans Rott Rot a nmiller ller leer at Millhouse Millhohanes 

Hans BI Blum Hans Bans Muller Miller Mller leer use 

98 ssalesce 

Hans Muller Miller ller leer holder of a farm at Whiten Hitter 

Melchior Elicitor Cheater holder of a farm at Matriarch 

nob No record of a reply exists Christian Zimmerman a nmiller ller leer at Ohnenheim Convene 

Jacob Kleiner Klein holder of a farm at Jebsheim 

Through correspondence with their brethren on thetethetethete- The official pronouncement came on 8 August 1712 

othertherotherther other ther side of the Rhine word was spreading about new inex- and was entitled The Old Community of Anabaptists Anabaptipressibility 

possibilities Many of the Mennonite fan families lies in Alsace Alssts also sts known as Hans Bachman's Bachman group at Matriarch Matriaace 

began to think about leaving At first the local rch They were commended for their exemplary conduct condu- 

authorities would hear nothing of it ct but only offered the conciliation that military necessity neces- 

Estates of the Anabaptists of the County of sity made their removal unavoidable It was mentioned that hati- 

who may not withdraw from the Province of cong in general the Swiss were departing from Zwieback 

f 

tenften y t 

THE MAss EXECUTION Expedition OF ANABAPTISTS AT ALzEY Haley AZO- 

THE TH THE REST WHO WERE YET ALIVE AND WAITED FOR DEATH SANG 

1 

Prin- 

tAg rn of o- 

r 

s 

i

g 

r- 

Bachman in Exile H Along Cajon Alton the Rhine 1738 1537 

69 

known to the French asDeux Ponts for the margrave of M- boy Lorentz Lorenz Heinrich Heimlich Bachman and later that year on 24 

67 

odula Durlach Drachma near Kaiserslautern Kaisers in the Pfalz Paz December Jacob Bachman and his wife Barbara with 

Hans Bachman negotiated his departure from daughter Anna Maria appeared 

Heidolsheim Hiroshima on 20 January 1713 On the next and an- 

Although their numbers also decreased well before 

apaest apparently final stop in his lifes life's journ jour journeyJ he went to the hea- 1712 the community of Rudolf Houser House was weakened weakendachy 

duchy ofAwestricken where he wrote of having had aed the most 

w 

In 1713 Christian Zimmerman was theththeththethlotllotlotllotlotllot lot of satisfaction to serve the prince of Birkenfeld Birkenhead This Tislasteistlasteistlasteist last Anabaptist of Ohnenheim Convene He resigned from the thane 

same letter also serves to establish that Hans Bachman Baccharill mill and turned it over to a Hans Georg George Discher Fischer who 

nte the nte elder remained in Europe at least until until 1726 successfully ran it The mill was completely destroyed by- 

and that he had previously contacted the chancellor ofayayay a fire 70 years later but was rebuilt by Anton 

ten the 

awli- county with a view to proposing the candidacy of his 

nson law for residence in case a room came to befreeforefreeforefreefore 

free 86 North and East into Germ- Germany 

The old community around Matriarch finally broke broke 

up ke Jacob Amman vanished by the end of 1712 never toany Y 1650 ANOTHER DOOR HAD OPENED t- 

TO flY1 

beoebeoebeoe By fl 

Ste- THE TIlE 

13 

be heard from again Many of the Rest Mennonites Mennoamboats Anabaptists only farther east in Germany The Henites 

decided nites to move and continued along the currents of the utbron Barons 

08 

Novell of covenanting Venningen Kenning ngen gen sent an invitation to Alsace for for- fore- for- fore- for- foreerine 

Rhine to the north The Amish left Matriarch but un- Hans hands Hans hands Hans hands Hans Muller ller leer and Hans Millie to resettle at Duran Diligent D horn in the 

tangled managed tangled to stay in Alsace by keeping a low profile pro- Rachael 

file 22 Mennonites might have been 

through much of the Century Several Bachman Bachm- understandably nervous about this offer at first One ofan 

fell on either side of the divide some remaining Amish Mishaten the most frightening events in Anabaptist martyrdom marty- 

4 41 

ndle and others choosing the ways ofRest The Herdom happened rdom in the Urbanize at the town of faze Alzey Haley In 1529 

nchman Bachman who stayed with the Amish became be so prolif- prolific pursuant to a mandate of the Holy Roman Emperor 

ic in numbers that they turned into the fourth largest clan Anabaptists were arrested in one awful morning The 

Anabaptists 90 generally had large families with nine nonubyboybynon- 

Burgrave Burger Dietrich von Schooner Chubbier Sch Such burg was the local official offiresident 

children not unusual One branch of Anabaptists called call- charged cial with beheading the men and drowning the thred 

the Butteries have as a group one of the lhighest ghost fertility fertileesome women 

ity rates in history of humanity In one fell swoop they were rounded up from their heir- 

Some Rest Mennonites found that they could remain remainilooms homes gathered together and obliged lo to watch as the dayng 

in ng the cities unmolested From the Jebsheim church bookcare wore on and their neighbors were put to death one bycase 

came case a glimpse ofHansen Bachman and his wife onegoneonegoneonegone one While the others were being drowned and executed execut- 

Catharina Catharine Mathis Maths on 5 August 1715 with their new babybaed the rest who were yet alive and waited for death san- sang 

tt 7 1 

by 

HALF OF THE DEPOPULATED 

DEPOPULATE- 

DA MASS HANGING NEAR THE RHINE DURING THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 

b- 

J r

70 

rld 

nn dW 

Wo- 

Apart Guardroom From the World Worl- 

ad- 

rallie- 

until the executioners took them During the torture and attendance All of the Anabaptists of the region rallied 

miring maiming miring of some the burgrave burger said What shall I do do- ddto d their support with a petition asking that the limitation limitati- 

The oTe The more I cause to be executed the more they on congregations be raised from 20 individuals to 20 

JJill increase wT- 

families The crown relented 

he The next important town to the south Worms had hand- In 1672 Valentine HWhitewall Untold two and Georg George Lichti Litchi made maideballs 

also proved its appetite for hysterical mass executions execunhair their own census of fellow Mennonites living between the Stetions 

launch launchingng witch hunts and a pogrom in the late tsons towns of nobelium fibre Brehm Brahma and Bingen Binge south of Ibersheim bersheim They TeTefTef- 72 57 

against the Jews flonlon found lon among others Bets Bachman Peter 

By a sharp bend on the west bank of the Rhine sits si- Baumgardner Aquamarine Melchior Elicitor Brenneman Brenner Barbara and Ulrich 

ssies Ibersheim Gibberish Ibersheim Gibberish a village in a part of the old Palatinate known knorich Lehman Hans Millie Hans and Michael Muller IIer Icier Hans HanHawn before as the but today as Heineken Ene- Ten Enesns Rot Daniel and Michael Changeability Christian Can- Anna 

mies miles southeast of offal Alzey Haley and eight miles North north of Worms Wormaanite Daniel Ulrich and PHans Bans IlS Ills Stouffer and Christian Wenger Weiner 

sit 

has sometimes been lost on maps as IlS Ills lIS leis 

Submerse 

Bernstein or 

Following the Thirty Thi- In a town near Ibersheim Gibberish named Roundels were wherty 

Years 

reon 

War Var it became a magnet and safe haven for fo- found the Mennonites Hans Meyer Anna Baumann Busman Bandanrenoon 

Mennonites 

nas Hans Jakob Jacob Hagmann Hangman and Maria Brubacher Butcher whose horse- 

As of 1648 fighting had wiped out half Haifa of the steflies lives and behavior were neighborly to date But from 

ersman German population in the Pfalz Paz Pfalz Paz and the great electoral electo- Wolfsheim Wolfish not far away where Christian Chrirates 

estates there were deserted To make his plantations l plantastianize Newcomer Christian Stauffer Stuffer and Ulrich Witmer Wister Interli- 

productive again the Elector prince Karl Ludwig invited tionsned 

lived with their families came this complaint on 8 

Anabaptists exiled from Switzerland to live onl 

his lands lan- December 1685 

ds He knew even though these religious folk had rebelled rebe- In summary the Anabaptists are very detrimental at Matthiaslled 

against tthiaslled 

Swiss authority they were still excellent farmers this place because they dont don't take office and dont don't share Sher- 

Karl Ludwig faced competition for the Mennonites Mennonwood food with the other people of this village In assites from ites other European leaders Oliver Cromwell was eductive seductive manner they have the advantage together with twi- 

approached by a Dutch Mennonite named Peter Peptter their tter relatives and keep it while the others will be brpercorn 

Cornelius Cornelia Splotchy about resettling the tulle Swiss in Ireland Irelained ruined 

nd and Scotland Cromwell liked the idea well enough to op- One ofthe electors elector's officers a man named Bachman Acumen Bachmapressed 

present it to Parliament in 1658 but his untimely death earthnof Alzey Haley helped maintain the crowns crown's affection for thelier 

later that year brought the plan to a halt4In 

7halt 

orem 

In tendance 

later dozen families at Gibberish Ibersheim Gibberish along with the special 

generations over Palatines did find homes in the thr- privileges that the Mennonites kept Everyone must mususter 

Ulster province in northern Ireland UI wStier 

give them the testimonial Bachman wrote in 1685 

ome Some of the tiie Mennonite families that came through thorou- that they live quietly with their neighbors and have aveghbreds 

Ibersheim Gibberish as well as the neighboring cities of Worms Workrment proven rment themselves more industrious than others obedient obedieman 

and Alzey Haley adjacently 

had recently arrived from temporary tempnt 

to the government true and constant in all things 

orary settlement in Alsace Ibersheim Gibberish was leased in its entirety to the hete- Elector Karl Ludwig issued an Edict ofTolerance Tolergemonieschnocrats Mennonites for 12 years at a time terms more generous generance 

towards the Mennonites on 4 August 1664 Vl Whilele the steous than those given to other ether Mennonite communities communicommunamboats Anabaptists were not to be persecuted for their beliefs belities When Then ties the contract was negotiated in 1683 the names of 

iefs strong limits were imposed on many exorcizes of their Uglier Ulcether- Jakob Jacob Dentlinger Dentine Hans Loiterer Listener and Heinrich Heimlich Reif Reify Resirateapist 

faith stant stand out as different from the census list two years later 

For instance in Ibersheim Gibberish or in any village with five fivliv- and significant to our search noBachman 

Bachman were cerer 

or er more Mennonite households no more than 20 persons persement mentioned yet 

ons could cloudlet ons meet at the same time for religious services NoNNoNNoN- Instead of being considered as renters like all other 

one one from a different faith could pray with them to- Anabaptists in the electorate the Berkshires enjoyed enjehold 

hold down on converts and they were to refrain from reooyed ownership oyed rights to their domiciles and furnishings thrashings ASSrganizing realizing wl which ch cut to the very heart ofthe chool school chool was fasl fads fashioned boned for the Mennonite children soon son- 

Mennonite faith ata after their arrival according to a visiting Lutheran tutor- 

In 1671 the Mennonites at Ibersheim Gibberish were caught cauing In the lower story of a two-story 

ght 

two house is the school sch- 

after they baptized Jakob Jacob Weber a member of the states state's sacriool wl which ch looked very handsome clean and orderly Above Abovficial 

official church It turned out that Webers Weber's grandparents grandpareeeto e the right is a little room in which the schoolmaster schoolmants 

had been Mennonites anyway but the tiie elector fined them ster lives and to the tulle left the room for the meeting of co- 

talkers for disobedience Spies found out that the fue fehepyreaders preachers and elders before the service Adjoining these fuese guesttearmininitiesgemonies Mennonites were holding services with 50 to in roomsooms rooms is the meeting hall which in addition to the good 

Ul- 

I

Bachman inExile 

Exile Along Alons Salons the Rhine 1738 1537 

points in its arrangement has the defect of being very overf- Bachman family in Ibersheim Gibberish had come from 

low 

Freinsheim Fetishism 14 nmiles les lees southwest southwest where two Mennonite Menn- 

At fu first only six Mennonite families could stay on Oil theonite families remained the Krebs Rebuilds and the Burgers Burgreuntoreon 

crown lands there but by 1685 Karl Ludwigs Ludwig's successor succeers along with lith the widow of Wilhelm Wile 

ssor 

Damm Darin 

Philip Wilhel Wile Wilhelm Wile subdivided it again allowing 12 A separate Mennonite Bible record from nchman 

Ibersheim Gibberish 

households In the next century the number offamilies fam- describes Georg George Bachman who was born bom in 1686 the Th- 

permitted there doubled again but no more than ayer year following this census 

ilies Mennonite families were permitted emitted in the entire antir- 

The intertwining of the Bachman and Chablis 

eflection electorate 

was documented in Ibersheim Gibberish with a decorated fracture 

The crown demanded a special tax from all al- 

bookplate and family register in an ancient family Bible Billelegorieslegiants 

Mennonites a stiffannual protection fee of six shited The 1536 book which still survives is a rare early 

pbuilder guilder pbuilder per person To control these payments and adm- illustrated Anabaptist labor by the printer Christopher ChristonitoryopherChrist- 

monitor the level of community growth the Elector made Froschauer Freshwater from Zurich rich Because it was the first Bible Hibe- 

Mennonites submit to registration at his ills whim and sent setrnated printed in the Swiss German dialect it was an especially espec- 

out census takers to search their homes for hidden indefially treasured edition among early Mennonite families State SteasibleateSt- 

families 

church authorities in Switzerland made it a crime to to- toio- Recorded in the Mennonite census of 1685 when theppose possess the Froschauer Frisbee Bible or to even take it or any dayme 

new me elector prince booklover took over the following information informroom from a list of other Mennonite printings to have them theration 

appears on folio 83 mion bound 

The twelve Mennonite tenants of fleshlier Bessemer Hof Hoof Sho- An unknown ancestor to the Chablis brought ittaling along with 61 children Certified that no more young orworworw- out of Switzerland around 1660 to Baldenheim Baden in Alsace Alsoldorldoldorldoldorld 

old could be found so recorded the census taker from rom rofroth- where ace a pastor Jacob Changeably was listed and then latered 

the ed neighboring town of Mohammad Hamm Hmm on 10 September 1685 al at M clenchuser immediately west oof 

te 

Hans Bachmann Bachman with 4 brothers and sist- sisters sisters 

Hans Jakob Jacob Brubacher Butcher no cl children Alden ye- yet yenta 

Jakob 

stepchildren 

ren Hans Jakob Jacob Fuhry Fumy Forrer Fore 6 chil- children children 

Henrich Enrich Gochnauer 8 clchil- children Alden childardrenkener Henrich Enrich Hesitant 10 child- children children 

Hans Sleuth and his Miss 

stersisis- sister sister 

Rudolf Muller Miller lIer flier 4chilchil- children children 

Heinrich Heimlich Nef Ne 4 children confirmed as he- the heather 

father of the Lancaster County Doct- Doctors Doctors 

Neff Jeff 

Peter Oman 3 children children 

Hennrich Enrich Rest 6 chil- children chil- 

Jacob Danaher Gochnauer 8 stepchild- 

dren 

house- 

R 

A 

VIV 

fr RR- 

Because the Bachmann Bachman and Brubacher Butcher households 

holds appeared together at the end of the original manuscript accloser closer proximity if not association between them may be blinkered 

inferred During the next two months a survey of cohered 

Hereditary tenants from Bessemer Hof Hoof deleted Hans 

Bachman's Bachman name and added two Lo more Monistst to theist 

list 

Jakob Jacob 

ingBend- 

EPUBLISH 

Bending 

ingBend- 

Ulrich Billerica Hagman's Hangman wid- widow widow 

The four Bachman brothers and sisters were underage underage 

and therefore counted as part of the community's community 61 

children It is possible that Hans as their eldest brother brother 

was tall taIl enough to be the grownup of their household household 

even though he was still in his rus teenaged years Whatever Whatever 

his age the next oldest sibling had to be young enough to- 

PUBLISHER t- 

OF FORBIDDEN BOOKS BOOKSbeoebeoe 

be oe counted calmed as a child Other records suggest that he- the HELF THE 1534 LOGO OF CHRISTOPHER FROSCHAUER 

FRESHWATER 

ti 

71 

ChablisI 

fI 

I- 

J 

1 

I Il

f f 

72 Apart Anart Ana From the World Wo- 

U 69 rldlier Ibersheim Gibberish Reichstag 

Receivables Christian Stauffer Stuffer over 90 years of age Ag- 

In 1708 Matthias Changeability at the Bessemer new who was father grandfather and great-grandfather sto- great to sto- 

signed a bookplate opposite the New Testament title tutepover 

over 94 souls among whom 16 died and 78 were perclage 

page eiving living arrived without any property of value Dan- Daniel Dan- 

Diese Dies Biebel Bible Ethernet dem deem Madness Changeability Auf MaMadiest Stauffer Stuffer 39 along with his 43year old 

ude 

year old wife had six su- 

dem deem Diverse Offensive Offend Hoffman Hoff Offand landside sie side Kist imLies Lieb Lib so enshrinement icide children and one more expected The oldest aged 17 

Im Jahr Jar Christi 1708 This Bible belongs to he- the he- came with them the but five were left behind They broug- brought 

althiestbroubroug- 

Matthias Changeability at the Bessemer and it is inuninuninunhtghtht two quilts and 142 lovelovedlovelovedloveloved 14 Reichstag Steffen Stiffen Lichti Litchi 70 

love so written in the year of Christ 1708 managed to save 10 Reichstag and came in the tulle teEt- This bookplate is noteworthy for being one of if anot- not anoanotlecomhiopian company furbish of Ulrich Lichti Litchi 32 The younger Lichti Litchi left 

ther 

94 leher 

the her oldest 25 

Mennonite fracture still in existence ctern behind bend his wife and five children and hopes that they the- 

In 1715 the book apparently became a wedding gift giy'll will y'll follow Hans Muller MillIer anyear old ft 

widower wido- 

to his sister Anna Maria Changeable 

Changeability 1776 1698 wer 

when whe- came with his daughter ayear old widow They 

nceTet- 

she married Hans Georg George Bachmann Bahrain 1753 1686 16- hered shared hered one quilt 

probably at Ibersheim Gibberish He was the son of Oswald Sward During the same era at Ibersheim Gibberish Bernstein an 86 

ptistAnaba- 

Anabaptist 

ptistAnaba- 

Bachman of Richterswil Richter in Canton Zurich rich After their theo- brother and sister named Conrad and Klein Keita Hiestand Heisted 

rist first son Heinrich Heinric was born bom there in 1717 Hans George Geor- arrived having left their Swiss hometown in 1657 

ge his wife and her parents moved to Pennsylvania settlin- settling Family researchers believe that 

g 

Klein Keita married Hans- Ha- Hans Hans- Ha- Hans- Ha- 

in Saucon Saucing Township near present-day present Coopersburg Coopers in- Jacob ns Jacob ns Jacob ns Jacob Brubacher Butcher and lived side by side in Ibersheim Gibberish with switveigh 

Lehigh Leigh County chboard Conrad The two Heartlands were the grandchildren of c- 

For the rest of the Century Cent oheir 

more generati- 

generations generati- Heinrich Heimlich Hiestand Heisted and the Anabaptist Anna Pluto to beons 

were entered on the pages of the old Bible and it was fouled found fouled in a 1633 list from Richterswil Rin Canton Zurich 

eventually passed among the Beholder and Spont- Stout Spont- 

Michael Denlinger Deeming born bom in 1685 lived in Ibersheim Gibberish clerksaneities 

families Since 1990 it has become an honored display displahip prior to moving to the Conestoga settlement at the age of 

yat 

the MeetingHouse of the Mennonite Historians of fe- 32 He brought with him a wife and two sons Jacob 2 

aster Eastern Pennsylvania in Harleysville Harley 76 26 

and Cherubic Heinrich Heimlich LJ 1 JU I 13 

Between 1689 1644 at Ibersheim Gibberish a long list of other thri- The Elector Johann Johanna Wilhelm Wile a strict 

ftily 

1716 1690 sta- 

family members came through staying secretly contrar- contrary 

yccato 

Catholic was very slow to renew theMenn- 

Mennonites 

to the laws of Menn- 

the Elector prince and for unknown unknonites Ibersheim Gibberish concession His reign saw the flight of aggown lengths lentils of time A number of these had just arrived from froroup group of Mennonites from Tom Ibersheim Gibberish to Friedrichstadt 

gmouth 

Frederic inH- 

Stove west of Strasburg Strasbourg in Alsace S'S 

These brief olsteinnclosing Schleswig-Holstein Holstein in 1693 and the expulsion ofall heb- the heb- 

glimpses offer a heart-breaking composite of families ephrenic 

heart famil- brethren from Rheydt Hey in 1694 which caused anger in the thies 

torn apart by religious persecution economic hardship hardseatre entire Protestant world nohip 

and the difficulty faced by byall ball all fleeing refugees 

A Peter Bachman 40 years old and still unmarried unmar- ed 

ried brought with him two Reichstag in cash Barb- Barbara utracing Tracking Others in the 

ara Babe Lehman 76 years old left her husband and four forbidden 

children and arrived at Ibersheim Gibberish with one quilt and five fiv- TNN 1683 THE FIRST GROUP OF PALATINE MENNONITES 

IN 

Mennonites 

that emigrated to 10 North America started from a littlelittlittlelittlittlelitttownlesttownlesttownlest town only seven miles south of fleshing overseeing foreseeing From 

ew 

r- 

Kriegsheim 

Ridesharing Peter Schumacher Scrunched lead 13 families to start stairway 

what turned fumed into Germantown northeast of old 

Philadelphia He adjacently had bad recently converted into a Quaker Quaker 

which no doubt gave William Penn even stronger 

ngerstro- 

feelings about inviting these beleaguered folk to settle on con- 

riri- arichs his lands 

landsmen 

When hen the Elector Karl Phillip began gan Egan his rulee 

inhalation 

Palatinate halation in 1716 he doubled the protection 

protectionf fees fre- fees freshened 

charged to the brethren and limited their right tottouches purchase ouches land all in hopes of keeping the number of 

Aia 

A TALE COIN MINTED IN ZURI- ZURICH RICH RI- 

CH WITH A SCENE OF THE CITY THEY LEFT BEHIND 

Mennonite families in his territory to no more than 

This TIus certainly certify hurried the departure of many more 

brethren 

On 27 April 1706 a census of Romanists Monists residing inmin- in 

i- 

i 

1 

d 

J

workroom - Bachmann Baughman History

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