NOTE I 67 FIG. 2. Locations of major biological, especially botanical, stations <strong>in</strong> circumpolar the North from Kallio (1981). The shaded area is the “subarctic” woodl<strong>and</strong> zone between the tundra <strong>and</strong> the boreal <strong>for</strong>est. There is some tendency <strong>for</strong> be stations located <strong>in</strong> to zones of rapid transition - on vegetational boundaries, rivers <strong>and</strong> coasts. From west to east, beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Sc<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>avia, these stations are: (1) Forsheim, (2) Abisko, (3) Tromso, (4).Kilpisjpi, (5) Rovaniemi, (6) Kevo, (7) V ~ O (8) , Oulanka, (9) Chib<strong>in</strong>, (10) Sivaya Maska, (11) Salekhard, (12) Agapa, (13) Tareya, (14) Ary-Mas, (15) Mana Pronchtsheva Bay, (16) Thi, (17) Abongen, (18) Magadan-Sneznaya dol<strong>in</strong>e, (19) Pokhodsk, (20) Ust-Chaun, (21) Wrangel Isl<strong>and</strong>s, (22) Anadyr, (23) Bmw,.(24) Kluane Lake,,(25) Inuvik, (26) Tuktoye, (27) Churchill, (28) Rank<strong>in</strong> Inlet, (29) Axel Heiberg Isl<strong>and</strong>, (30) Devon Isl<strong>and</strong>, (31) IglooWr, (32) Poste-de-la Baleme, (33) Scheffervllle, (34) Kuujjuaq, (35) Iqalmt, (36) Disko, (37) My Alesund.
68 / NOTE Scientific Resource Centre at Igloolik. A number of small report each year that <strong>in</strong>cludes a publications list. Current work outpost stations are associated with these facilities. Theresources <strong>in</strong>cludes lemm<strong>in</strong>g biology (e.g., Barker et al., 1982), goose <strong>and</strong> of the Inuvik Station provide a good <strong>in</strong>dication of those at the other bird research (e.g., Bazely <strong>and</strong> Jefferies, 1983), polar bear others. It has fully equipped chemistry-soils-biology laborato- research (e.g., Ramsay, 1982), microclimatology <strong>and</strong> climatolries, cold rooms, libraries, visitors’ office, greenhouses, etc., ogy (e.g., Rouse, 1982a,b; Rouse <strong>and</strong> Bello, 1983) <strong>and</strong> w<strong>in</strong>d with a sizable year-round staff <strong>and</strong> good transportation facili- energy research (e.g., Chappell, 1983). ties. The work at each station, naturally, varies with the nature Churchill can be reached by tra<strong>in</strong> as well as by air. In its of the region. Bibliographies of work completed are available vic<strong>in</strong>ity there are two other stations, the Institute of <strong>Arctic</strong> (e.g., Castonguay <strong>and</strong> Sherstone, 1985). The best central source Ecophysiology <strong>and</strong> the Tundra Biological Station. The <strong>for</strong>mer is of <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation on these stations is the Circumpolar <strong>and</strong> Scien- affiliated with the University of Manitoba; Laurentian Univertific Affairs Directorate of the Department of Indian <strong>and</strong> North- sity, Ontario; <strong>and</strong> the University of Oslo, Norway. It is a base ern Affairs (Ottawa, <strong>Canada</strong> K1A OH4). A variety of detailed <strong>for</strong> quantitative research on bears <strong>and</strong> other large arctic wildlife reports on the stations, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g a cluster produced <strong>in</strong> the early as well as be<strong>in</strong>g a local education centre. Long-term studies of 1980s, is available. Examples are Lewis (1981), Espie (1980) the beluga whale <strong>and</strong> the raven are under way. Examples of <strong>and</strong> Rode (1985). The stations are located <strong>in</strong> communities <strong>for</strong> <strong>in</strong>stitute publications are Hurst (1981), Hurst et al. (1987a,b), which they are important resources. Watts (1982) <strong>and</strong> Oritsl<strong>and</strong> (1980). Another very different set of government-operated facilities The Tundra Station is particularly well known <strong>for</strong> its bird, is the five stations of the Freshwater Institute, W<strong>in</strong>nipeg. These notably geese <strong>and</strong> duck, studies. This research has attracted are Sagvaqjuac (near Chesterfield Inlet), Southern Indian Lake national <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>ternational acclaim. A very limited selection of (northern Manitoba), the Resolute Bay Station (South Camp, the work concerned is Cooke <strong>and</strong> Harmsen (1983), Cook et al. Resolute), Chitty Lake (near Yellowknife) <strong>and</strong> Nauyuk Lake (1983), F<strong>in</strong>dlay <strong>and</strong> Cooke (1983) <strong>and</strong> Geramita <strong>and</strong> Cooke (Kent Pen<strong>in</strong>sula). They focus on freshwater, with some mar<strong>in</strong>e, (1982). research with a strong biological focus. They tend to be operated Another <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g “set” with<strong>in</strong> Table 1 is <strong>for</strong>med of three as seasonal facilities, although Southern Indian Lake runs High <strong>Arctic</strong> aerological stations operated by Atmospheric Enviyear-round <strong>and</strong> others have been opened <strong>in</strong> w<strong>in</strong>ter. These ronment Service, <strong>Canada</strong> (AES, 1985). These are Cree Lake, stations have made a remarkable contribution to freshwater <strong>and</strong> Saskatchewan; Eureka, Ellesmere Isl<strong>and</strong>; <strong>and</strong> Mould Bay on mar<strong>in</strong>e science <strong>in</strong> <strong>Canada</strong>. An <strong>in</strong>dication of this can be ga<strong>in</strong>ed Pr<strong>in</strong>ce Patrick Isl<strong>and</strong>. They are year-round weather stations that from the special issue of the Canadian Journal ofFisheries <strong>and</strong> can be used, with advance notice, by visit<strong>in</strong>g research workers. Aquatic Science (1984) devoted to work undertaken from South- Work from these stations is not restricted to studies of weather! ern Indian Lake station. Another example of a contribution to <strong>Research</strong> of various sorts has been carried out from them s<strong>in</strong>ce circumpolar fisheries research is Johnson (1983). Yet another is 1946 (see Met. Div., 1951). the limnological work of Welch (e.g., Welch <strong>and</strong> Bergman, Lastly, an <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g recent addition to the list of <strong>Canada</strong>’s 1985), who is now engaged <strong>in</strong> mar<strong>in</strong>e work at the Resolute field stations is the ice isl<strong>and</strong>, Hobson’s Choice (see, <strong>for</strong> station. example, Jackson, 1986). This is a piece of shelf ice that, at the Two <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g non-government stations are <strong>Arctic</strong> <strong>Research</strong> time of writ<strong>in</strong>g, is off the northwest coast of Axel Heiberg Establishment (Pond Inlet, Baff<strong>in</strong> Isl<strong>and</strong>) <strong>and</strong> the Kuujjuaq Isl<strong>and</strong>, N.W.T. Dur<strong>in</strong>g the next decade or so, it is hoped that it <strong>Research</strong> Centre (Kuujjuaq, Quebec). The <strong>for</strong>mer is a private will move out <strong>in</strong>to the <strong>Arctic</strong> Ocean <strong>and</strong> do circuits of it. The operation specializ<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> physical-biological studies, especially mar<strong>in</strong>e science (Steltner, 1985), <strong>in</strong>volv<strong>in</strong>g Inuit personnel. The Polar Cont<strong>in</strong>ental Shelf Project of Energy, M<strong>in</strong>es <strong>and</strong> Resources, <strong>Canada</strong>, has established a runway <strong>and</strong> e number of build<strong>in</strong>gs on latter is the field station of Makivik Corporation, <strong>for</strong>merly the it as the base <strong>for</strong> a variety of scientific projects, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g mar<strong>in</strong>e Northern Quebec Inuit Association. The Pond Inlet site is <strong>and</strong> ocean floor studies <strong>and</strong> weather. Automated stations on it especially good <strong>for</strong> work focus<strong>in</strong>g on the High <strong>Arctic</strong> mar<strong>in</strong>e transmit weather <strong>and</strong> seismic data year-round. This is a station environment. It has a number of outpost stations <strong>for</strong> specific yet to come <strong>in</strong>to its own. projects. The Kuujjuaq <strong>Research</strong> Centre is particularly con- My purpose here is not to describe all of the field stations <strong>in</strong> cerned with wildlife research <strong>and</strong> management issues of <strong>in</strong>terest to the local people <strong>in</strong> a region located on the tree l<strong>in</strong>e. Current work <strong>in</strong>cludes fisheries studies, salmon research <strong>and</strong> work on northern <strong>Canada</strong> exhaustively. A great deal of <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation about the stations can be obta<strong>in</strong>ed from the references - Campbell et al. (1986) <strong>and</strong> Biological Council of <strong>Canada</strong> (1983) - cited the eider duck. One of the focuses is the evaluation <strong>and</strong> at the beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g of this article. My purpose is rather to stimulate application of Inuit knowledge of the local environment. Sam- the reader to consider how an exist<strong>in</strong>g facility might be of use to ple publications are Dumas et al. (1984, 1985) <strong>and</strong> Nakashima him or her. The stations are a national resource that tends to be (1985). underused. Virtually all stations encourage cooperative, multi- However, the largest “private” facility <strong>in</strong> <strong>Canada</strong> is the discipl<strong>in</strong>ary, multi-<strong>in</strong>stitutional use, but <strong>in</strong> reality, <strong>for</strong> quite Churchill Northern Studies Centre at Churchill, Manitoba. It natural reasons, they tend to be identified with certa<strong>in</strong> groups or can accommodate 50 people (20 <strong>in</strong> w<strong>in</strong>ter). It has well-equipped <strong>in</strong>dividuals so that others tend not to consider them. It should be laboratories <strong>and</strong> teach<strong>in</strong>g rooms <strong>and</strong> a library. It is the base <strong>for</strong> realized that a station primarily devoted to, say, weather or credit <strong>and</strong> non-credit courses taught by faculty from various limnology may also be a good base <strong>for</strong>, say, archaeological or universities <strong>in</strong> <strong>Canada</strong> as well as a base <strong>for</strong> research. The sociological projects. There is enormous scope <strong>for</strong> sav<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> location, on the <strong>for</strong>est/tundra transition zone, near the mouth of the cost of northern research through shared use of such facilithe Churchill River <strong>and</strong> on Hudson Bay, is excellent <strong>for</strong> a ties <strong>and</strong> shared use of transportation to <strong>and</strong> from them. Many variety of terrestrial <strong>and</strong> aquatic (mar<strong>in</strong>e <strong>and</strong> freshwater) biolog- stations are actively seek<strong>in</strong>g to exp<strong>and</strong> their research horizons; ical studies, glaciology <strong>and</strong> geomorphology. The area is famous many more would benefit from quite modest, long-term, advance <strong>for</strong> its polar bear studies. The centre publishes a comprehensive commitments from researchers or teachers. The Natural Sci-
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