1 - Centre de recherche public Gabriel Lippmann

CRP - Gabriel Lippmann 2009 Annual Report 

CRP - GabRiel liPPmann 

2009 annual RePoRt


1 2 3 4 

Research projects and technological 

assistance activities 

International publications Report from the Corporate auditor Photogallery of the year


1 

Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA) 

department 

Informatics, Systems and Collaboration (ISC) 


Research in Equipment for the Automobile 

Industry (REA) department 

Science and Analysis of Materials (SAM) 

department


1 



ACCESSED 

AGROMETHANE 

AIRSPEC 

ANTIOBIOTICS 

APERO 

AROMA 

BD_SOL 

BERRIES 

BIOGAZ-PILOTES 

BIOMONITOR 

BIONIR 

CARO 

COLZAP 

COPHES 

DI-EU 

DROPO 

ECOLORIMED 

ECOMOD 

ECOTOOLS 

ENDIF 

ENERBIOM 

ENERREM 

ESPRESSO 

FLEX 

FORESTCLIM 

FREQUENCIES 

FUSATOX 

FUTOX 

GESTION INTEGREE DU LAC D’ECHTERNACH 

GLIA 

GOBIO 

GRAPPE 

HYDRASENS 

HYMPACTS 

INTERCEPTION 

LOUTRE 

LUX-AIR 

MACRY 

MAPRISK 

MECI 

MI-ANNUAIRE 

MOBIMO 

MOBIOLUX 

MONEAU 

NANEAU 

NOMAD 

OPTIBIOGAZ 

PATHOS 

PIRATE-OP 

POLLUX 

PONDSCAPE 

POSE 

POTIRON 

PROTEOCAM 

PROTHEART 

RAINCELL 

REARISK 

RECALCMS 

RENAT 

REPROSENS 

RESAVE 

RHEINBLICK2050 

SAROTEC 

SCALE 

SECAL-SG 

SEFI 

SENSORLUX 

STRESSPOT 

TOCYA 

XENEAU


1ACCESSED 

Title 

« Advanced characterization of chalcopyrite 

electrodeposited semiconductors for enhanced 

devices » 

Fields 

materials science 

Partners 

• CRP - Gabriel Lippmann (SAM) 

• Université du Luxembourg, Laboratoire de 

Photovoltaïque 

Project leader 

Thierry Girot 

Period 

January 2009 - December 2011 

Environment and Agro-biotechnologies 

(EVA) department 

Subject 

The objective is to determine if chalcopyrite type semiconductor materials, synthesized by electroplating and annealed, can attain the same degree of performance 

as these same materials deposited by PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition), and if yes, under what preparation conditions. 

The annealing of precursors obtained through electroplating offers a low-cost means of synthesis in order to produce semiconductor materials and can, in particular, 

be used in order to obtain the CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium Selenium) absorbing layer that comprises solar cells in thin films. However, materials obtained using this 

method offer lower performances than the ones produced by other methods, such as PVD. To understand the observed differences, the microstructure, composition 

of the deposited material and the interface of the CJGS layers prepared through electroplating will be compared with those of the reference material deposited by 

PVD. In this context, multiple techniques (SEM, TEM, AES, XPS, SIMS, XRD, Hall, and EER) will be used. New synthesis strategies will then be developed in order 

to reduce these differences and thus to increase the performances of solar cells produced from CIGS absorbing layers produced by electroplating. 

The materials will be produced by the University of Luxembourg and the structural characterizations will be performed at the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann. The optoelectronic 

measurements will be carried out by the University of Luxembourg. 

This project is financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR) as part of the “CORE” programme. 

Results 

The analysis platform is used as part of the characterization of materials produced by the University of Luxembourg’s Photovoltaic Laboratory. In general terms, observations 

of the structure of the films and of their composition resulted in: 

• a better understanding of the influence of the process’ parameters on the resulting structure of the absorbing layer; 

• testing and refining of the synthesis strategies in order to obtain the desired structure; 

• A better understanding of the reaction mechanisms brought into play during the various steps of the treatment, and notably the thermal step.


1AGROMETHANE 

Title 

« Advisory support for agricultural biogas » 

Fields 

agriculture, sustainable energy, biogas 

Partners 

• Biogasvereenegung a.s.b.l., 

• Gestionnaires de station de biométhanisation 

luxembourgeoise 

• Ministère de l’Agriculture (Administration des 

Services Techniques de l’Agriculture, ASTA) 


Philippe Delfosse 

Period 

April 2009 - March 2012 



Subject 

In the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, biogas production primarily focuses on the digestion of the effluents from animal production, supplemented by ensilage. A recent 

technical / economic analysis brought to light this sector’s economic fragility primarily as a result of the fluctuating price of raw materials, the relatively low purchase 

price of the kWh el , the reduced access to sub-products of the agro-food industry, as well as inadequate supply of the digesters. 

As such, optimizing the process for the conversion of biogas into energy through anaerobic digestion is a necessity on the road to the economic profitability of biomethanization 

units. The measurements targeting optimal digestion focus on various levels: 

• orientation of the choice of substrates for biomethanization; 

• as the starting substrates are known, establishing a supply intake that promotes methane conversion while optimizing the unit’s economic profitability; 

• establishing the best supply rate for this optimized intake; 

• studying the possibility of covering the final storage if justified by the methane production. The introduction of co-products of origin that are sometimes difficult to 

trace can result in risks of the propagation of pathogens. These risks have to be assessed in order to verify the interest value of recourse to hygienization. 

Results 

A study on the deterioration of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) was carried out. The initial results show a reduction in the area of 25% of the DON rate after a few 

days of anaerobic digestion, which seems to confirm the contribution to the sanitation of the slurry by the biomethanization process. Other analyses and the drafting 

of a publication are in progress. A bibliographical search was carried out on the impact of anaerobic digestion on phytopathogenic agents and the seeds of adventive 

plants. The result, for example, is a deactivation after anaerobic digestion, of Plasmodiophora brassicae, of Fusarium spores and even of grains of adventive plants 

such as Rumex obtusifolius. The absence of information on other pathogens such as Erwinia carotovora or even Septoria tritici leaves opportunities for futures studies. 

On 10 December 2009, a presentation on “Useful parameters for monitoring and best practices for ensuring stable biomethanization” was given to the members 

of the Biogazvereenegung a.s.b.l. This helped them to understand the biological causes of problems that can arise, and to learn how to remedy them.


1AIRSPEC 

Title 

«Implementation of an hyperspectral airborne 

imaging system» 

Fields 

Remote Sensing, hyperspectral, Geoinformatics 


Thomas Udelhoven 

Period 

March 2009 - February 2012 



Subject 

In the last two decades, airborne hyperspectral imaging has become a significant and powerful remote sensing tool for studying the surface of the Earth and the 

atmosphere. Indeed, hyperspectral imaging can map the elementary composition of the Earth’s surface thanks to the detection of specific chemical links. The wavelengths 

ranging from 350 nm to 2400 nm are excellent for the detection of electronic transitions (for example, iron oxides, minerals containing Fe 2+ , chlorophyll, etc.) 

and for bringing to light vibrational absorptions (e.g. OH, SO 4 , CO 3 , CH, etc.) in minerals, the soil, vegetation and the atmosphere. It is therefore a worthwhile tool for 

environmental monitoring. This project’s objective is to acquire an airborne hyperspectral imaging system as well as the necessary field equipment and laboratory for 

the validation of the acquired data, in order to develop new environmental monitoring applications on the basis of hyperspectral data. 

This project is financially supported by the European Commission as part of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). 

Results 

The project’s first phase involved defining the various equipment specifications. The field spectrometer and the plant canopy analyzer were acquired, and the first 

field campaigns were undertaken.


1ANTIBIOTICS 

Title 

“Development and validation of a screening, 

identification and quantification system for 

antibiotics in animal feed in Luxembourg” 

Fields 

food safety, antibiotics 

Partner 

Ministère de l’Agriculture (Administration des 



Torsten Bohn 

Period 

November 2007 - November 2010 



Subject 

As a result of the potential risk to people and to animal health, the use of antibiotics in agriculture is strictly regulated by the European Union and by the Luxembourg 

government. The authorities in charge of controlling the legislation’s application in Luxembourg have developed a control programme that enhances the search for 

illegal or unauthorized antibiotics in animal feed and in foodstuffs treated with medications. 

There are various techniques for detecting antibiotics in food. However, not one is truly suitable for discovering, identifying and confirming all types of antibiotics. Also, 

the detection limits are generally quite high. 

This project’s objective is to develop and validate a method or combination of methods that will serve to identify and quantify all antibiotics in the Luxembourg agricultural 

sector. This method will be based on multi-identification and multi-screening techniques, and will be applicable in case of fraud and for the detection of transcontamination, 

both with regard to additives and to therapeutic antibiotics. 

The developed methods will be carried out and transferred to the ASTA control laboratories. 

Results 

The set-up of microbiological screening, i.e. using bacteria in order to reveal the presence of antibiotics, can be used to detect 20 compounds belonging to the family 

of beta-lactames (3 compounds), tetracyclines (4), quinolins (2) and fluoroquinolins (5), macrolides (3), lincosamides (1), streptogramins (1) and pleuromutilins (3) at 

concentrations that are respectively from 1 to 5 µg/L, 10 to 50 µg/L, 1000 to 50 and 1 to 50 µg/L, 50 to 100 µg/L, 500, µg/L 500 µg/L and 50 µg/L.As animal feed cannot 

be directly analyzed using the microbiological screening method, a phase to extract compounds is being developed. For the detection of antioccidial ionophores 

and compounds with a not very pronounced anti-bacterial activity, ELISA may be a potential alternative. 

The confirmation method for the feed of agricultural animals has been developed and optimized for the determination and quantification of 33 compounds. The multiresidue 

method consists of ultrasound extraction followed by purification by a solid phase dispersing extraction followed by filtration. The analysis is performed by LC/ 

MS/MS in positive and negative electrospray mode. The quantification limits fall between 1 and 75 ng/g. The method’s extraction yields fall between 51.0 (± 5)% and 

100.6 (± 1)%, with an average yield for all compounds of 82% for a white food supplemented to 40 ng/g of analyte (80 ng/g for lasalocid and amoxicillin; 160 ng/g for 

bacitracin, flavophospholipol and chlortetracycline).


1APERO 

Title 

Induction and characterization of defense 

responses against mildew in grapevines 

Fields 

plant biology, viticulture, plant pathology, 

food quality, systems biology 

Partners 

• Forschungsanstalt Geisenheim (D) 

• Université de Giessen (D) 


Danièle Evers 

Period 

October 2008 - September 2011 



Subject 

Vine mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is found in almost all wine-growing regions. After drying of the inflorescences and attacks on the bunches, 

the harvest volume can be considerably reduced. As the destruction of leaves before harvest prevents good maturing of the grapes, there is also an influence on the 

quality of the harvest. 

In the winter, the oomycete P. viticola is primarily preserved in the form of oospores in leaves that have fallen to the ground. 

To limit damages in the vineyard, chemical protection against mildew is often essential. However, for the purposes of a reasoned use of chemical products and one 

that is respectful of the environment, and of sustainable wine growing, their application should be limited. In organic or integrated wine growing, biological products 

are generally applied to either have a direct anti-microbial activity or to induce defence responses within the vine. 

The project’s objectives are: 

• to validate new organic products for combating this problem; 

• to study the actions of these products on the molecular, biochemical, proteomic and histological levels. 

This project is co-financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR) as part of the Aides à la formation-recherche (AFR - Training-research aid). 

Results 

In 2009, greenhouse tests were carried out at the “Forschungsanstalt Geisenheim” centre on vine seedlings while using seven elicitors likely to induce responses to 

defend against mildew. These elicitors were applied as part of a treatment intended to be preventive, i.e. before a mildew infection, as well as part of a curative treatment, 

i.e. after a mildew infection. Amongst these elicitors, some demonstrated a protective potential against mildew. Only one of the elicitors had a curative effect in 

the presence of mildew. Leaf samples were taken at various times after induction, as well as after inoculation. At present, an analysis is underway on the expression 

of certain genes, known to be involved in the plant’s defence reaction, namely including PR genes and genes involved in the metabolism of phenylpropanoids, using 

the real-time RT-PCR technique.


1AROMA 

Title 

Organoleptic deviations in Luxembourgish wines 

and musts 

Fields 

viticulture, food quality, analytical chemistry 

Partner 

Institut Viti-Vinicole 

Project leaders 


Period 

December 2008 - April 2012 



Subject 

The aromatic characteristics of wines are the result of many factors coming from the grapes, yeast, the vine’s microflora and even the wine-growing practices that are 

employed. The aroma can be negatively affected by any of these factors. We then refer to organoleptic deviations. Some of these defects clearly originate with the 

fungal and bacterial microflora of the grapes. For example, they include the defects known as the “earthy-musty” or “fungus” taste, generated by the simultaneous 

presence of the fungus Botrytis cinerea and of fungus of the Penicillium genus. 

The appearance of these defects during alcoholic fermentation or during the maturing of the wines remains unexplained to this day. 

This project’s objectives include: 

• the identification of early markers, as well as an understanding of the factors that are responsible for the appearance of these molecules; 

• the development of wine-related treatments that will serve to eliminate these molecules once they are present in the wine. 

Results 

Strains of Botrytis cinerea and of Penicillium were collected in the vineyard and will be both identified and characterized using molecular biology techniques. 

Mini-productions of wine carried out in 2009 led to an assessment of the influence of health status on the content of molecules associated with these defects. A largescale 

collection campaign was carried out during the 2009 harvest, involving the cooperative cellars of Remerschen, Wellenstein, Wormeldange and Grevenmacher. 

The content of gluconic acid and glycerol (marker of a grey mould rot attack) of all of the tanks of Pinot gris and Pinot blanc, vine varieties that are particularly sensitive 

to grey mould rot attacks, and therefore more likely to demonstrate bad tastes, was determined in order to see if such concentrations are correlated with the presence 

of bad tastes. 

Moreover, the efficiency of oenology products (activated carbon, chitosan) and of filtering media on the concentrations of geosmine and octenone in a boosted wine 

was studied. Finally, several wines characterized by sensory analysis defects were analyzed by GC-MS, thereby bringing to light the presence of geosmine or trichloroanisole.


1BD_SOL 

Title 

Development of a soil database for studying and 

monitoring the quality of Luxembourgish soils 

Fields 

pedology, informatics 

Partners 

• CRP - Gabriel Lippmann (ISC) 




Christophe Hissler 

Patrik Hitzelberger 

Period 

July 2008 - May 2010 



Subject 

Pedological databases have become essential in the treatment of matters relating to land development, the management of natural resources and of the risks 

related to ground contamination. Such a tool must equally allow for the entry, storage, organization and interpretation of data, while also managing all non-graphic 

information related to pedological charts. Within the framework of this project, the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann will develop a prototype for a pedological database, 

in close collaboration with the ASTA. This tool will specifically respond to the needs formulated by the ASTA pedology department, thereby contributing to better 

ground management in Luxembourg. 

The multidisciplinary approach needed for this project will result in a prototype BD_SOL database with a strong upgradeable potential. 

Results 

The soil scientists of the EVA department and of the ASTA developed a standardized protocol for soil descriptions. This document is necessary in order to link the 

soil description to the information management in a database. The 166 described variables serve to provide a detailed description of the environment of the soil 

profile (climate, land use, geomorphology, geology, etc.), the properties of the holorganic horizons (litter), of the organic / mineral horizons and of the substratum 

on which the soil is developing. Approximately 200 profiles of historical (ASTA) and recent (EVA and ASTA) soils were re-interpreted using the new protocol, and 

entered in the application. 

The researches from the ISC department implemented an intermediate solution for the input of existing data. In parallel, it allowed them to confirm and to describe 

in detail the analysis of the functional needs of the final BD_SOL application, the development of which was implemented at the same time as the operation of the 

intermediate solution. An initial prototype of the final application was produced and tested in November 2009.


1BERRIES 

Title 

Conservation, characterization and evaluation 

of traits of vegetatively propagated berry 

collections 

Fields 

plant biology, 

genetic conservation, cryopreservation 

Partners 

• Bioversity International (I) 

• Université Catholique de Louvain (KUL, B) 

• McGill University (CA) 

• Ministère des Finances 

• Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry, 

(VIR, RU) 


Jean-François Hausman 

Period 

January 2008 - June 2010 



Subject 

Growing attention is being paid to biodiversity within the framework of agriculture. For example, the supply of healthy and high added value foods, the creation of 

possible economic opportunities for farmers and the maintenance of agro-ecosystems that integrate into the framework of sustainable development are now only 

considered possible through the rational use of plant diversity. In this context, the Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry (VIR) has one of the world’s largest collections 

of plant genetic material. Unfortunately, the plant collections consisting of clonal material or vegetatively propagated material are threatened by pathogens, global 

climate change and even the lack of characterization. 

As part of this project, several actions are intended to characterize the material from a genetic standpoint, on the one hand, and to demonstrate its great interest and 

high value in terms of biodiversity, on the other hand. Finally, the development of cryoconservation techniques that will allow the collection to be maintained in a lasting 

manner will also be undertaken. 

Results 

Many exchanges of plant material between the VIR and the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann were carried out. The results of the genetic analysis indicate that the collections 

of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) bushes include significant genetic diversity. It is more structured in the case of raspberry bushes, 

though the phylogenesis is complex in both species. A methodological development also made it possible to study the diversity of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea 

L.), the berries of which are edible and very rich in compounds that are beneficial to health. The preliminary results indicate considerable diversity as well as great 

influence of the sub-species in the structuring of this diversity. Sorb trees (Sorbus sp.) will be studied before the end of the project. Moreover, on the biochemical level, 

the extraction of antioxidant type compounds was optimized using the centre’s equipment. The initial analyses, but also the analyses of sugars and mineral elements 

in raspberry and blackcurrant berries, indicate considerable diversity within these collections, which confirms the considerable interest value in the preservation of this 

gene pool. The continuation of the analyses will make it possible to characterize accessions for which the berries show a very interesting nutritional value.


1BIOGAZ-PILOTES 

Title 

Technical support for the biogas sector 

Fields 

anaerobic digestion, a tool for decision support, 

Near infrared spectroscopy 

Partners 

Diverses installations de biométhanisation au 

Luxembourg (Biogas Vereenegung a.s.b.l.) et 

dans la Grande Région 



Period 

February 2009 - January 2012 



Subject 

The project’s objective is to develop the skills needed to advise the managers of biomethanization stations with regard to maintaining optimal production. More specifically, 

this involves completing the equipment of the Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA) department, with: 

• continuous feed horizontal digesters in order to be able to test optimal biomethanization conditions under controlled conditions, through the development of a gas 

analyzer; 

• a near infrared (NIR) spectrometer for a better characterization of the plant biomass used for biomethanization. 

This project is intended to encourage the development of renewable energies by promoting R&D, innovation and the production of eco-technologies, while encouraging 

eco-efficiency (renewable energies: production and use, emergence of the ‘green market’, etc.). 


Results 

During the initial months, a gas analyzer including various sensors for CH 4 , CO 2 , H 2 S, H 2 , O 2 and biogas humidity was assembled at the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann. It is 

currently being evaluated within the framework of the OPTIBIOGAZ project. This analyzer is coupled with precise gas meters of the “damp drum” type. Four new prototypes 

of horizontal digesters with an effective capacity of 100 litres have been designed and will be built in the first quarter of 2010. They will usefully complete all of the 

continuous mixture vertical digesters produced as part of the OPTIBIOGAZ project. In view of their compartmented design, these new prototypes will make it possible 

to create controlled and variable process conditions, for a detailed study of the microbial ecology of anaerobic digestion, and the metabolism of the digesters.


1BIOMONITOR 

Title 

Defining a protocol for monitoring biodiversity 

in Luxembourg 

Fields 

Nature conservation, Biodiversity monitoring 

Partners 

• Geodata Sc 

• Ministère de l’Environnement 

• Ministère du Développement durable et des 

Infrastructures 

• Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle 


Nicolas Titeux 

Period 




Subject 

In Luxembourg, there is a great lack of long-term temporal series that outline the distribution and abundance of species and habitats. To bring to light the evolution 

of the status of the conservation of the fauna, flora and habitats nationwide, the acquisition of such data is indeed necessary. The project’s objective is to establish a 

biodiversity monitoring programme in Luxembourg; this programme’s data will constitute an essential basis for the policy of the future relative to nature conservation. 

Such a programme would necessarily require realistic and robust sampling, in statistical terms, prepared according to a standardized methodology, in order to allow 

an unequivocal and irrefutable distinction between long-term biodiversity trends and natural fluctuations of the populations. It must also be implemented in such a way 

that Luxembourg will be able to inform the European Commission, on a regular basis, of the conservation status of species and habitats as indicated in the appendices 

to the European directives on “Birds” and “Habitats”. 

Results 

The biodiversity monitoring programme in Luxembourg is based on two distinct facets. The first involves monitoring the biodiversity that is made up of the species 

and habitats that are found in ordinary settings within the country. In order to ensure adequate geographical coverage, more than 200 squares with a resolution of 

1 km were situated within the country after a random and stratified sampling procedure, on the basis of a series of environmental factors. Sampling sites and fixedlength 

transects were marked out within selected squares for the harvesting of field data, on the basis of a variable frequency according to the proposed taxonomic 

groups. 

The second component relates to the targeted follow-up of the species and habitat types targeted by the “Habitats” directive and that are present in Luxembourg. 

This component is based on the preparation of specific protocols, the objective of which is to document the evolution of the conservation status of these species and 

habitats. The project’s final report provides the methods that are to be implemented and the field instructions that will make it possible to obtain indicators that reflect 

the state of health of biodiversity, as well as its evolution over time in Luxembourg.


1BIONIR 

Title 

Ability of NIR spectroscopy to determine the 

biomethane potential from organic wastes and 

agricultural products 

Fields 

sustainable energy, biogas, NIRS 

(Near infrared spectroscopy) 

Partners 

• Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques 

(B) 



• Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve 

(Centre Indépendant de Promotion Fourragère, 

CIPF, B) 



Period 

May 2009 - April 2012 



Subject 

Biomethanization is a biological process in which organic matter degrades into biogas, that consists primarily of methane (CH 4 ), which can in turn be converted into 

energy. The management of a biomethanization unit requires analyzing the incoming substrates in order to determine the methanogenic potential (BMP), and therefore 

indirectly predicting the yield of the digesters. Quick information on the digestibility of substrates is therefore crucial information for managing the supply to the 

digesters and for ensuring optimal conversion of the substrates into energy, while respecting the conditions that are suitable for the bacterial complex responsible for 

the process. The classical BMP determination is carried out a mini-digesters, requiring from 30 to 45 days of incubation. This timeframe is often too long for a farmer 

who must quickly make decisive choices according to the substrates available on the market. The BIONIR project is therefore intended to develop a model based 

on infrared spectroscopy and composition analysis, that will provide a quick and non-destructive prediction of the BMP and of the parameters of the degradability 

kinetics of the various substrates. 

This project is financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR) as part of the CORE programme and co-financed by the FNR as part of the Aides à la 

formation-recherche (AFR - Training-research aid). 

Results 

Corn varieties showing increasing early maturity indices, as well as varieties of sorghum and sunflower, were harvested in Belgium (CIPF-LLN) and Luxembourg 

(ASTA) in 2008 and 2009. The yields for three harvest dates were also assessed for corn. The infrared spectra were collected for all of the ensiled and fresh samples 

obtained by the ASTA in 2009. Analyses regarding the content of dry matter, dry organic matter and the BMP were carried out for all of the ASTA samples and 

for approximately half of the CIPF samples. A preliminary calibration was performed on a limited number of samples. The results are encouraging if the samples are 

analyzed fresh and grouped according to the organic matrix (corn: R 2 =0.95, Sorghum: R 2 =0.99, Sunflower: R 2 =0.98). When all of the samples are grouped, the correlation 

is definitely less promising (R 2 =0.83). These initial results seem to indicate that it will be necessary to develop specific calibrations for each organic matrix, 

and that it is relatively unlikely that the development of a universal model will be possible.


1CARO 

Title 

Determination of factors influencing the 

absorption, the precursors and the degradation 

products of carotenoids, with the Caco-2 cell 

bioaccessibility model coupled to in vitro 

digestion 

Fields 

nutrition, food 

Partner 

Université du Saarland (D) 


Torsten Bohn 

Period 




Subject 

The interest in the role of carotenoids in nutrition has increased as a result of their impact on physiological processes and their potential health benefits. Despite good 

knowledge of the influence of carotenoids in the food supply of neighbouring countries, no data exists in Luxembourg. Also, knowledge of the factors that influence 

bioavailability, primarily the efficiency of the formation of micelles and the interaction with other nutrients, such as fats, is still limited. This is notably true for precursors 

such as phytoene, phytofluene and degradation products. These elements can also react as antioxidants. This project’s objectives are to obtain general data on the 

consumption of carotenoids in Luxembourg and to assess the bioaccessibility of carotenoids, including precursors and degradation products, in foods via an in vitro 

model (simulated in vitro digestion coupled with a cellular lineage from the Caco-2 colon). 


Results 

In addition to estimating the total consumption of carotenoids in Luxembourg, a series of frequently consumed fruits and vegetables with high presumed rates of 

carotenoids was analyzed with a new quick screening method that uses visible-UV spectrometry, with verification by HPLC. 

In the project’s second component, several significant factors for the bioavailability of carotenoids, such as the presence of fats, plant matrices at various deterioration 

levels, the presence and concentration of digestive enzymes but also the influence of salts, were examined using an in vitro digestion model. The work indicated that 

bivalent cations, such as magnesium and calcium, at a concentration ≥ 10 Mm, severely reduce the availability of carotenoids by forming insoluble soaps with fatty 

acids. Moreover, a high concentration of sodium chloride encourages the micellarization of beta-carotene when the most hydrophilic species, such as zeaxanthin 

and xanthophyll, are less available.


1COLZAP 

Title 

Rapeseed pests in the Grand Duchy of 

Luxembourg: characterization of the population 

dynamics and analysis of the pesticide 

resistance phenomena 

Fields 

entomology, pests, integrated management, 

agriculture 

Partners 

• Centrale Paysanne Luxembourgeoise (DELPA) 

• Lycée Technique Agricole d’Ettelbruck (LTA) 





Period 

November 2006 - October 2009 



Subject 

Rapeseed is a well-established crop in Luxembourg. During its growth and especially when it flowers, this plant is attacked by certain insect pests such as the blossom 

beetle, the stem flea beetle, or the rape stem weevil. This project is intended to assess the actual risk associated with the development of pests in rapeseed crops, in 

order to develop integrated management strategies that are suited to the situation in Luxembourg. This assessment is based on a better understanding of the diversity 

and phenology of rapeseed insect pests and on an identification of their sensitivity and resistance to the pesticides used. The cumulative data should also serve to 

provide the bases for a model predicting the appearance of pests, within the framework of sustainable agriculture. The main objectives are to characterize the population 

dynamics of the rapeseed pests, and to analyze the variability that may exist in the resistance of the pests to the pesticides used in Luxembourg. 

Results 

The resistance level of pollen beetles (Meligethes aeneus F.) to type II pyrethroid(deltamethrin) was measured for populations of insects captured on 35 representative 

sites in Luxembourg. The employed method is the one described by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) (method N° 11) for adult insects tested 

in glass phials filled with the active ingredient. Reduced efficiency of deltamethrin was observed on 21 sites. For 16 sites, the recommended dosage in the fields does 

not serve to control pollen beetles. In comparison with previous years, the resistance of pollen beetles to deltamethrin seems to be progressively increasing, and insects 

that are only moderately sensitive seem to be migrating towards regions of Luxembourg where resistance has not yet been detected. In the autumn of 2009, the 

cabbage fly (Delia radicum) was the dominant insect relative to rapeseed, while the cabbage stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocephala L.) proved to be in abundant 

supply in a few fields along the Moselle River. The rape winter stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus picitarsis Gyll.) has rarely been detected, and only in the Moselle region at 

the end of October. New insects seldom or not detected in previous years have made their presence known. This includes the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) 

and the turnip sawfly (Athalia rosae). Throughout the season, the condition of the rapeseed crop on the four major monitored sites was disseminated in the form of 

warnings in the specialized press and on the Internet.


1COPHES 

Title 

European coordination action on human 

Biomonitoring 

Fields 

Human biomonitoring, health, environment 

Partners 

• BIPRO GmbH (D) 

• Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental, 

Instituto de Salud Carlos III (SP) 

• Exponent (NL) 

• Health Protection Agency (UK) 

• Institut de Veille Sanitaire (F) 

• Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska 

Inst. (SE) 

• Institute of preventive medicine (PT) 

• Istituto Superiore di Sanita (IT) 

• Jozef Stefan Inst. (SI) 

• Laboratoire National de Santé 

• National Hellenic Research Foundation, 

Institute of Biological Research and 

Biotechnology (GR) 

• National Institute of Environmental Health (HU) 



• National Institute of Public Health (CZ) 

• National Research Inst. for occupational health 

and safety (RO) 

• Nofer Inst. of occupational medicine (PL) 

• Regional Authority of Public Health (SK) 

• State General Labo, Ministry of Health (CY) 

• Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) 

• University of Copenhagen (DK) 

• University of Erlangen, Nuernberg (D) 

• University of Leuven (B) 

• Unweltbundesamt (D) 

• Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch 

Onderzoek (B) 


Arno Gutleb 

Period 

December 2009 - November 2012 

Subject 

Human biomonitoring is an efficient tool for assessing human exposure to environmental pollutants, 

and their effects on health. The European environment and health strategy (SCALE), launched in June 

2003 by the European Commission, devotes particular attention to the need for human biomonitoring. 

The Commission adopted a 2004-2010 environment and health action plan in which the value of human 

biomonitoring was recognized. 

The main objective of this coordination action is to develop a functional framework that contributes to 

the definition, organization and management of consistent approaches by way of human biomonitoring 

in Europe. As part of this project, the aim will be to gather the existing experience in human biomonitoring 

as well as the experiments planned in European countries, and to determine the needs in order to 

improve and support a better comparison of the human biomonitoring data. This harmonization will serve 

to improve the quantification of the European population’s exposure to existing and emerging pollutants, 

and to determine the exposure reference values. Moreover, a better data comparison will support 

policies in concrete domains, such as the implementation of protection actions intended to reduce the 

European population’s exposure to pollutants. 

This project is financially supported by the European Commission as part of the 7 th FP. 

Results 

The project’s start-up meeting was held in Brussels in December 2009. The CRP - Gabriel Lippmann will 

coordinate the contributions coming from Luxembourg.


1DI-EU 

Title 

Taxonomic studies and comparison of the 

biodiversity and autecology of benthic diatoms 

in European waterways 

Fields 

biodiversity, ecology, hydrobiology, taxonomy 

Partners 

• Agence de l’eau Rhône-Méditerranée 

et Corse (F) 

• Confédération Hydrographique de l’Ebre (SP) 

• Confédération Hydrographique du Douro (SP) 

• Conseil Général des Alpes Maritimes (F) 

• DREAL Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (F) 

• Université d’Athènes (GR) 

• Université d’Evora (P) 

• Université de León (SP) 


Luc Ector 

Period 

November 2007 - December 2010 



Subject 

On the basis of experience acquired during previous research projects carried out for more than a decade within the EVA department, the main taxonomic problems 

having to be resolved for a biological assessment of the quality of river water in both Luxembourg and Europe were brought to light. The priority of the DI-EU project 

is the development of applied tools, based on the centre’s observations using scanning electron microscopy of samples coming from various European countries. 

Taxonomic comparisons of the flora of the diatoms in European waterways will allow for a better definition of the notion of species, of the specific variability between 

morphologically similar taxa, of the biodiversity of benthic communities and of the autecology of the species. The applied tools, published at the project’s end in 2010, 

will allow the agents and technicians from the government agencies in charge of water management in Europe to more easily identify and recognize phytobenthos algae 

in order to be able to use them more efficiently for the bioindication of water masses in agreement with the requirements of the Framework Directive on Water. 

Results 

Benthic diatoms were studied and illustrated in several European hydrographic basins. The diatom atlas for the Douro basin, as well as the diatom atlas for the 

Alpes-Maritimes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur regions was completed. The illustrated guides for the identification of diatoms in the Ebro basin and in Portugal are 

being prepared. As part of the project, 10 or so articles were published in 2009 on the taxonomy and ecology of freshwater diatoms in the following journals: Diatom 

Research, European Journal of Phycology, Fottea, Hydrobiologia, Hydrological Processes, Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Theoretische und 

Angewandte Limnologie, Nova Hedwigia, Water Air and Soil Pollution, and Water SA. The freshwater diatom catalogue for continental Portugal, and for the Madeira 

and Azores archipelagos, will soon be submitted for publication in “Diatom Monographs”. Moreover, in November 2009, more than 75 researchers from all continents 

travelled to Luxembourg to take part in the “7 th International Symposium - Use of Algae for Monitoring Rivers”, that was followed in Belvaux by the “1 st European 

Workshop on Diatom Taxonomy”.


1DROPO 

Title 

Drought stress in potato and its impact on 

quality traits 

Fields 

plant molecular biology, proteomics, agro-food, 

bio-IT, nutrition 

Partners 

• Centre International de la Pomme de Terre 

(CIP, Pérou) 

• Ministère des Finances 



Period 

October 2006 - September 2009 



Subject 

One of the bases of sustainable agriculture is adapting the crops to the environmental conditions. Indeed, the limited performances of harvested plants to extreme 

temperatures or to unfavourable hydric conditions reduce the choice of alternative crops that can be used by farmers. Moreover, climate models predict that the European 

climate will probably be hotter in the 21 st century, with drier summers and more humid winters. The potato is very sensitive to climatic modifications, and notably 

to drought that reduces the size, number and conservation capacity of the tubers. 

This project proposes to study the impact of drought on the yield and the quality of the produced potato tubers. The studied tubers come from genetically diversified 

varieties and will be characterized based on their nutritional quality. This project’s results should be beneficial for agriculture by providing a better understanding of 

the drought’s action mechanisms on the potato yield, while serving to integrate cultural practices that respect the environment. 

Results 

In 2009, the analysis of transcripts and modified metabolites after a drought stress involving potatoes continued. As such, experiments under controlled conditions 

were carried out at the International Potato Centre, with two potato clones tolerant of or sensitive to drought. Physiological observations describing the response of 

the plants were carried out at the IPC. The CRP - Gabriel Lippmann focused on studying molecular and biochemical changes. The technique of cDNA microarrays 

made it possible to identify a certain number of candidate genes for drought tolerance. The differential expression of these genes was confirmed by the real-time 

RT-PCR technique. Amongst these genes, we find genes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates or of photosynthesis, as well as specific transcription factors. 

Sugar measurements served to reinforce these results on a biochemical level. 

As such, the completed experiments served to identify candidate genes and metabolites that could be used as molecular and biochemical markers of the potato’s 

tolerance to drought.


1ECOLIRIMED 

Title 

Development of ligneous trees ecotypes for the 

permanent attachment and the phytoremediation 

of rivers banks 

Fields 

plant biotechnology, plant physiology, 

Proteomics 

Partners 

• Association Inter Régionale d’Expérimentation 

Horticole (F) 

• Centre de Recherche de la Nature, des Forêts 

et du Bois (B) 

• Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (B) 

• Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques, 

Gembloux (B) 

• Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 

Nancy (INRA, F) 

• Ministère de la Région Wallonne (Direction 

générale des Ressources naturelles et de 

l’énergie, Division de l’eau, B) 

• Ministère de l’Intérieur (Administration de la 

Gestion de l’Eau) 



Period 




Subject 

As part of the new EU policies (Water and Flooding 

Framework Directive), the supply of plant matter 

must be regular, efficient and reliable for the fixation 

and renaturation of the banks of cross-border 

waterways in Luxembourg, Lorraine and Wallonia. 

In view of the increasingly drastic constraints of 

the quality standards for surface waters, the impossibility 

of using physicochemical decontamination 

techniques as a result of their high cost, and 

the need to protect the stability of waterway banks, 

it is important to assess the tolerance of plant material 

to inalterable pollutants such as heavy metals, 

and to use the biomass produced along waterways 

for the reconditioning of banks by means 

of phytoextraction. This project is primarily focusing 

on the willow tree and the alder. The CRP - 

Gabriel Lippmann undertook a certain number of 

analyses intended to study the response to the 

pollution constraint and, in particular, to search for 

early markers that will serve to identify particularly 

promising clones. 

This project is funded by the European Regional 

Development Fund (ERDF) within the framework 

of the Interreg programme. 

Results 

One of the main questions tackled is to identify the specificity of the suspected tolerance mechanisms 

with regard to the growth of ligneous plants making up the riverside vegetation within areas that have 

been contaminated, notably by heavy metals. Indeed, the scientific community is divided regarding the 

question of whether the mechanisms implemented by the plants, notably ligneous plants, to deal with a 

particular metal are also operational relative to another metal, or if a relatively narrow specificity would 

be enough to compromise the efficiency of phytoremediation techniques in the event of multi-metallic 

toxicities, given the fact that in field situations, most sites polluted by heavy metals are in fact polluted 

by several elements. Within this framework, the analysis currently focuses on cadmium, nickel and zinc, 

elements with comparable physicochemical properties and that are often simultaneously present on contaminated 

sites. Lysimeter tests were carried out and the initial analyses confirm the fact that there is a 

differential translocation of the metals within the plants on the basis of the plant species but also depending 

on the metal in question. It is for this reason that the physiological characterization of willow trees and 

of alders implies that the growth kinetics will be taken into consideration, as well as the quantification of 

the content of mineral elements on the level of the organs and tissues. This approach is also being developed. 

In parallel, the development of techniques to extract and analyze proteins and metabolites from 

the willow tree and the alder is finished. Finally, experiments continuing until 2011 have been launched 

in collaboration with the team from the Faculté Agronomique de Gembloux directed by Prof. R. Paul.


1ECOMOD 

Title 

Analysis of spatial dynamics of land use 

changes in Luxembourg’s commuting periphery 

by new methodologies of micro-economic urban 

land use modelling based on a digital city model 

Fields 

modelling of urban development, 3D city model 

Partners 

• Université du Luxembourg 

• Centre d’Etudes de Populations, de Pauvreté 

et de Politiques Socio-Economiques (CEPS) 



Period 




Subject 

Luxembourg’s quick growth in terms of economy and habitat requires significant planning with regard to urban development. As such, new regulations must be implemented 

in order to guarantee development durability while also maintaining quality of life. The objective of the ECOMOD project is to understand how interactions 

between the Earth Observatory (EO) data, a 3-D city model and a micro-economic model can contribute to improving this quality of life, in order to better understand 

the urban dynamic and its impacts on the urban and peripheral environment. The modelling of urban development is based on a micro-economic theory that makes 

it possible to understand the factors that influence the distribution of new urbanization zones. Its objective is to find locations for future urban zones that are best 

suited to the well-being of the future inhabitants. Moreover, EO data in general and 3-D data (LiDAR) in particular, provide considerable spatial information that helps 

to increase the micro-economic model’s predictions. Integrated into the model, the parameters are deduced from the EO data. This includes information on the land 

use, the distribution of the data in space and time, as well as 3-D information relative to the living environment surrounding the studied areas. 


Results 

In 2009, the acquisition and pre-processing of the EO data were the main focus of the work. As such, aerial images and the mapping database were provided by the 

Administration du Cadastre et de la Topographie (Land Registry and Topography Administration). The Biophysical Land Use database was provided by the Ministry 

for the Environment. Satellite data (Landsat images) are freely accessible in a USGS database. The micro-economic model was developed at the University of Luxembourg, 

while the 3-D city model was created at the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann. The project also focused on an understanding of the micro-economic model and on 

the preparation of the strategy for its generalization and to promote its innovative nature. In 2010, the project intends to acquire, pre-process and transform LiDAR 

data in order to create the 3-D city model of the city of Luxembourg. Satellite and aerial images will also be classified in order to obtain information on the spatial and 

temporal evolution of the land use. The model’s programming and generalization will then be possible, as will the modelling of various scenarios. The results produced 

by the ECOMOD project will propose interesting planning tools that will contribute to controlling, anticipating and planning the development of Luxembourg’s territory 

with the aim and objectives of sustainable urban development.


1ECOTOOLS 

Title 

Development of diagnostic tools and methods 

for the classification of the surface waters ecological 

status in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 

Fields 

Hydrobiology, bioindicators, Biodiversity, 

Ecotoxicology 

Partner 

Ministère de l’Intérieur 

(Administration de la Gestion de l’Eau) 


Alain Dohet 

Period 




Subject 

The enforcement of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) by the various EU Member states is reaching the phase of the implementation of various monitoring networks 

in order to monitor the ecological quality of aquatic environments. In partnership with the Water Management Administration, the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann is 

proposing a monitoring network for Luxembourg. The research axis involving fish fauna is innovative for the EVA department since it is intended to compare several 

parameters (ecological, physiological and biochemical) at various organization levels, in an effort to assess the main types of disturbances affecting the country’s waterways. 

The organization levels studied in this projects range from the molecular level (biochemical analyses) to the cellular and tissue level (histological analyses), 

by way of the organism (physiological measurements) through to the structure of the fish community. This new research axis on fish is not only attractive to the general 

public, but also important for the implementation of the WFD. It will allow the EVA department to acquire new skills in this domain. 

Results 

2009 was marked by the last sampling campaigns for diatoms and macroinvertebrates. With regard to fish, additional electric fishing operations were organized in 

2009 at 10 stations throughout the operational sampling and surveillance networks of the Water Management Administration. The analyses of the population structure 

and hormonal and enzymatic biomarkers carried out on gudgeon fish (Gobio gobio) drawn from six differently impacted sites yielded their first results. The primary 

result was that the most contaminated site (Alzette: Steinsel-Heisdorf) also corresponds statistically with the highest levels in terms of the tested biomarkers. Nevertheless, 

a few sites with a fish population relatively close to that of the reference in terms of diversity and population structure (good to very good ecological quality) 

are characterized by relatively high levels of certain biomarkers (EROD activity and GSI spawner parameter). These indications bring to light early alterations of the 

water quality that cannot be detected on the level of the composition of the fish community.


1ENDIF 

Title 

Development of new genoproteomic diagnostic 

tools for the toxicological assessment of the 

presence of endocrine disruptors in food 

Fields 

toxicology, environmental health, food safety 

Partners 

• CRP - Santé 

• Flemish institute for technological 

research (VITO, B) 



Lucien Hoffmann 

Period 

May 2006 - April 2009 



Subject 

Recent scientific results increasingly indicate that endocrine disruptors present in foods have an impact on human health (appearance of reproductive dysfunction, 

cancer, etc.). There are various types of endocrine disruptors such as pesticides, certain industrial compounds such as PCBs, as well as certain natural substances 

such as phytoestrogens and mycotoxins. 

The project’s objectives are: 

• to assess the exposure of Luxembourg’s population to endocrine disruptors; 

• to use the new gene expression technologies (bio-chips) and proteomics to develop new biomarkers for the assessment of human exposure to selected disruptors 

present in human food. 

This project is financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR) as part of the “Food safety” programme. 

Results 

The search for pesticides carried out on 70 drinking water sources used by the city of Luxembourg, on 27 water consumption sites primarily in the south of the country 

and on 25 bottled waters commonly consumed in Luxembourg indicate the presence of atrazine and of its main degradation products, at values that are below the limits 

defined in regulation 98/83EG. The determination of the rate of PCBs in seafoods marketed in Luxembourg, and in fish caught in the north and south of the country, 

shows a correlation between the rate of fatty matter, the food regime and the identified PCB rate. Other food sources make less of a contribution to the consumption 

of PCBs. The search for mycotoxins in wheat flour marketed in Luxembourg indicates the presence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, in concentrations below the 

regulatory threshold. The transcriptomic (CRP-Santé) and proteomic effects of PCB153, of atrazine, of 17 β-estradiol and of DMSO on MCF7 cells are visualized by 

means of 40 proteins in the cell membrane and 49 differently expressed cytosolic proteins. They translate possible effects on the level of the physiology, oxidative 

stress, damage to DNA or spermatogenesis, thereby underscoring the interest value of proteomics for detecting new biomarkers.


1ENERBIOM 

Title 

Sustainable agricultural production of biomass 

energy in areas with high environmental 

constraints: Which alternatives for which 

industry? 

Fields 

bioenergy, agricultural biomass, biogas 

Partners 

• Agra-Ost (B) 

• Agria Lorraine (F) 

• Centre de conseil en matières premières 

renouvelables (DLR, F) 

• Centre Wallon de Recherches 

Agronomiques (B) 

• Chambre régionale Agriculture Lorraine 

(CRAL, F) 

• Service de l’espace rural de l’Eifel (D) 

• Services Agricoles de la Province de Liège (B) 

• TRAME (F) 



Period 

September 2008 - August 2011 



Subject 

This project targets an assessment of the potential for the production and exploitation of various energy plants within the Greater Region. Special attention will be 

devoted to sustainable production methods, employing the advances made in agro-ecology. The use value of the different identified resources, within the various 

envisaged channels, will be assessed on the basis of the harvest stages and the packaging - conservation method, notably while assessing the methanogenic power 

and calorific value. A characterization of the fibres and more specifically of the hemi-cellulosic fractions will also be carried out in order to identify a potential use within 

the framework of the production channel for second-generation bio-ethanol. The measurement of the methanogenic power will be carried out on non-ligneous crops 

that can be used for biomethanization. The various substrates coming from the different test sites in the Greater Region will also be characterized with regard to their 

content of dry matter and organic matter. The methanogenic power will be determined for the coarse silo-stored substrate in order to determine methane potentials 

that are representative of what would be obtained in practice. The results will be correlated with the characterization of the previously completed samples. Also, an 

assessment of the impact of enzymatic hydrolysis on the methanogenic potential of the plant resources will be carried out. 

This project is funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) within the framework of the Interreg programme. 

Results 

In 2008, various crops were set up with Belgian, French and German partners. The first harvests were delivered to the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann at the end of June 

2009. All of the agricultural products were ensiled, and initial analyses were carried out in order to assess their content of dry matter and organic matter. In all, productions 

of fescue grass, corn, sorghum and miscanthus coming from three slopes (Germany, Belgium, France) were received, ensiled and analyzed, which involved 

four phytotechnical itineraries and four iterations.


1ENERREM 

Title 

Development of ligneous trees ecotypes for the 

permanent attachment and the phytoremediation 

of rivers banks 

Fields 

bioenergy, agricultural biomass, biogas 

Partner 

Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve (B) 



Period 

January 2009 – December 2011 



Subject 

Despite the worldwide need for alternatives to fossil fuels, there is an obvious moral preoccupation associated with growing crops for energy production on lands 

intended for agriculture. According to the motto “use waste, don’t waste use”, the use of resources to produce energy without affecting food production is a rapidly 

growing research domain. Though many factors can limit the possibility of using lands for food production, one of the main reasons is pollution, and more specifically 

pollution by heavy metals. The persistence of heavy metals in the environment and their harmful effects on all forms of life, as well as their bioaccumulation, are such 

that heavy metals are the main ground pollution problem. In this project, the impact of heavy metal pollution will be studied in plants that are currently being studied as 

a potential source of alternative energy, namely rapeseed, sunflower and even the willow tree. These plant species have been selected for their significant biomass 

production and their differing behaviour with regard to the extraction of heavy metals from contaminated ground. 


Results 

Though phytoremediation principles are generally well known, the molecular mechanisms whereby certain plants are able to accumulate heavy metals in their tissues 

have not yet been totally explained. During this project’s first year, several experiments were carried out in lysimetric stations on reconstituted lands where the 

pollution is perfectly controlled, using hydroponic solutions under controlled conditions, but also on former industrial sites in order to test the working hypotheses 

under actual conditions. Very particular attention was paid to the accumulation of heavy metals in various plant tissues. Moreover, a follow-up of the metabolome and 

proteome was performed on these same tissues in order to complete this integrated project.


1ESPRESSO 

Title 

Luxembourg business perspectives in the 

microsatellites market 

Fields 

micro-satellites, remote sensing 

Partner 

LuxSpace 



Period 

November 2009 - April 2010 



Subject 

The recent economic crisis and its financial consequences served to create new opportunities in the field of micro-satellites that are of interest to an ever-growing 

public. Indeed, in recent years, these satellites have convinced users of their technical potential at a reasonable cost, whether for scientific, commercial or military 

applications. As such, the LuxSpace company recently developed an innovative and scalable micro-satellite weighing 30 - 90 kg and intended for a global, commercial 

and military market. This satellite will be marketed under the name ESPRESSO. This project’s objective is a market study on micro-satellite systems similar 

to ESPRESSO. The work of the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann is to identify the recent and anticipated Earth observation missions intended for micro-satellites, with a 

particular focus on European activities. 

Results 

The European Space Agency (ESA) is directly or indirectly involved in nearly all European micro-satellite missions. As such, several ESA representatives were contacted 

in order to determine if missions are programmed in this sector in the coming years. 

Currently, the ESA is responsible for two micro-satellite programmes, Proba-2 and ESEO. The search for new Earth observation missions using micro-satellites was 

therefore extended to the entire world. Twelve future missions were assessed. All technical specifications, including the respective payloads, were described for these 

future projects.


1FLEX 

Title 

FLuorescence EXplorer: Integration of spatially 

distributed fluorescence measurements into 

global biosphere models 

Fields 

environmental modelling, multi-temporal and 

hyperspectral remote sensing, fluorescence 

Partners 

• ESA ESTEC, Noordwijk (NL) 

• Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics 

of the Geosphere (D) 

• Jülich Research Centre (D) 



Period 

January 2008 - August 2009 



Subject 

The project’s objectives include: 

• a study of photosynthesis expression methods within global biospheric models. The complexity of biospheric models varies from the empirical regression between 

the Primary Gross / Net Production parameters and the climatic variables, with virtually mechanistic models that simulate the biophysical and ecological processes. 

On a global scale, the approaches require estimates regarding the structures of ecosystems, as well as on the behaviour of plants. For the GPP and the NPP, the 

photosynthetic yield is the key variable in all types of models. However, since the use of different environmental variables, the overall NPP is being ascribed various 

estimates. A comparison of a large number of global biospheric models brings to light identical estimates for the GPP and NPP, but they do not take the underlying 

processes into account. In the FLEX project, only approaches using solar radiation as the entry variable or that include it in conversion sub-models are being 

considered; 

• the sensitivity analysis for the assimilation of data coming from FLEX in global biospheric models associated with a description of the vegetative dynamic. This 

analysis is carried out for two selected models: BIOME-BGC and the MODIS MOD17 algorithm. 

Results 

To begin with, a calibration of the specific conditions of the experimental site at Marmande was undertaken (ground, climate). The measurements carried out by the 

FLUX observation tower were calibrated with the site’s environmental conditions. In turn, they were then compared with the raw results from both models, and with 

the results obtained with the integration of fluorescence. 

For both models, this variable’s integration resulted in a significant performance improvement. Depending on the model type and comparison date, this gain can be 

up to 25%. Finally, the analysis of the results also shows that the ideal time for an overflight is before noon (local time). Indeed, the values measured before this time 

show a better correlation with the modelled values. The results were prepared for two publications in international journals.


1FORESTCLIM 

Title 

Transnational forestry management strategies in 

response to regional climate change impacts 

Fields 

climatology, forest ecology 

Partners 

• Association syndicale libre forestière de Allaire 

et du Pays de Redon et Vilaine (F) 

• Bangor University (UK) 

• Centre Permanent d’Initiatives à 

l’Environnement Val de Vilaine (F) 

• Community Forests North-West (UK) 

• Forestry Commission (UK) 

• Groupement d’Intérêt Public du Pays 

de Redon et Vilaine (F) 

• International Institute for Geo-Information 

Science and Earth Observation (NL) 

• Kontext U Umweltberatung und 

Kommunikation (D) 

• Landesforsten Rheinland-Pfalz (D) 

• Mountain Environments Ltd. (UK) 

• Natural Environment Research Council (UK) 

• Office National des Forêts (F) 



• Syndicat Intercommunal à Vocation Unique 

du Vauvert (F) 

• Technische Universität München (D) 

• The Mersey Forest (UK) 

• Université de Strasbourg, SERTIT (F) 

• Université de Trèves (D) 

• University of Newcastle upon Tyne (UK) 

• Vereniging Nederlands Cultuurlandschap (NL) 

• Ville de Allaire (F) 

• Ville de Beignon (F) 


Laurent Pfister 

Period 


Subject 

Global climate change is likely to have consequences on the regional level, that will affect the environment, 

society and the economy. In parallel with this evolution, one must expect that the coming decades 

will see a shift in the conditions specific to forest sites, which will not be without consequences regarding 

their management. As such, the project will provide an illustration of the impacts of climate changes on 

the characteristics of forest sites, the forest protection functions, production, biodiversity, water resources 

and carbon sequestration throughout northwestern Europe. All of these aspects will also be coupled 

with a varied series of risk assessments on multiple scales. The development of transnational forest 

management, as well as protection and adaptation strategies, will be this project’s main results. These 

results will serve to guarantee the future economic stability of forestry in northwestern Europe, to develop 

sustainable wood production, to efficiently protect forests ecosystems, and to maintain the protection and 

recreation functions of forests. 

This project is funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) within the framework of the 

Interreg programme. 

Results 

The EVA department began preparing regional climatic scenarios for the purposes of the upcoming 

transmission of data to the project’s various partners, according to their respective needs. The databases 

must still be improved in 2010, notably to correct certain residual biases and to improve the spatial resolution 

of the information. Contact was initiated with the Luxembourg Nature and Forests Administration 

in order to establish the terms of a collaboration intended to integrate the national forest health inventory 

into a regional surveillance network. In order to develop the tool for assessing the sensitivity of Luxembourg 

forests to future invasions of pest insects, a database is being set up in order to document current 

and future climatic conditions, as well as the current distributions of pest insect species and of their ligneous 

host plants in northwestern Europe.


1FREQUENCIES 

Title 

Study of the influence of certain sequences of 

sound frequencies on protein synthesis 

Field 

Microbiology 


Henry-Michel Cauchie 

Period 

January 2009 - Septembre 2009 



Subject 

This research project’s objective is to study the regulating influence, on the synthesis of target proteins, of the broadcasting of specific sound frequencies (called 

proteodies). In particular, the influence of proteodies is being studied on the photosynthetic activity of crops of blue-green cyanophyte algae. The process at the basis 

of this method involves using the regulating action, by scale resonance, of sound transpositions of temporal sequences of quantum vibrations, associated with their 

elongation, on the biosynthesis of proteins. This action can include either an increase of the rate of this synthesis, while also regulating its rhythm, or a decrease of this 

rate, depending on whether or not the modulation of the frequency of the employed vibrations is in phase with this elongation. Indeed, each amino acid emits a wave, 

the frequency of which can be calculated. These waves are emitted when these amino acids, carried by the transfer RNA, are gathering in order to form proteins. The 

signals are waves of a quantum nature called “scale waves” that, between one another, relate each amino acid’s scale to the scale of the protein that is being formed. 

By transposing these frequencies into the audible domain, we obtain, for a given protein, i.e. a series of amino acids, a succession of sound frequencies, or a proteody. 

Broadcasting this protein-specific proteody can then stimulate its synthesis within an organism, resulting in an increase of the quantity of this protein. 

Results 

This work provided for interesting progress regarding the experimentation with proteodies, as well as regarding their theoretical understanding. The effects of duration 

and frequency of exposure to proteodies, as well as the sound volume, were determined for two microorganisms: the cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis and the 

bacteria Vibrio fischeri. In addition, a program was developed in order to easily obtain the proteodies corresponding with any of the cell’s protein. This program allows 

the user to choose the proteody’s tempo, as well as a direct and individual modification of each note’s length, thereby leading to proteodies of an improved quality. 

Another significant advance of this program is that it is now possible to assign the exact calculated frequency for each amino acid, with the result being a more correct 

proteody based on 19 frequencies (an isolated frequency corresponding with each of the 20 amino acids, with the exception of leucine and isoleucine that have the 

same mass and therefore the same frequency) instead of the 10 frequencies used until now.


1FUSATOX 

Title 

Hazard-risk analysis and control of food and 

feed contamination by mycotoxins of Fusarium 

species 

Fields 

phytopathology, food safety, mycotoxins 

Partners 

• Centre Wallon de Recherches 

Agronomiques (B) 

• Chambre d’agriculture 

• FILL 



• Moulins de Kleinbettingen et Bissen 

• Versis 


Torsten Bohn 


Period 

May 2006 - April 2009 



Subject 

Winter wheat, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg’s most important crop after prairie spring wheat, is subject to various cryptogamic diseases including head blight. 

Head blight is caused by a fungus belonging to the Fusarium genus. Amongst the mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, some can produce mycotoxins that may represent 

a risk for human or animal health. These mycotoxins include trichothecene (in particular the toxin T-2, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol) and zearalenone. Up to now, 

little data has been available in Luxembourg concerning the species of Fusarium that are present and the types of mycotoxins that they produce. 

This project’s objective is to improve our knowledge regarding this type of fungus and to develop, throughout the food chain, an integrated management system for 

the risk linked to the presence of the mycotoxins that these fungi produce. The project includes the following topics: 

• identification and characterization of Fusarium strains and of their toxigenic profiles; 

• improvement and/or development of new techniques for identifying and quantifying toxin producing fungus; 

• set-up of an integrated strategy for the management and prevention of the risk of contamination from these mycotoxins. 

Results 

To understand the disease’s distribution, an analysis on 17 sites covering the three districts of Luxembourg served to create a map of the toxinogenic species that 

can be found in Luxembourg. In the field, the prevalence measurements showed a relatively similar situation between 2007 and 2008. On the other hand, the severity 

was different, since it was half as bad in 2008 as in the previous year. A sampling of infected wheat heads made it possible to isolate approximately 1000 strains of 

Fusarium, identified on the basis of morphological criteria and molecular biology. A fungus culture collection of Fusarium strains was created at the centre. An article 

on the situation of fusarium toxins was published in the journal “Food Additives and Contaminants”. Modelling tests on the development of head blight were carried 

out in collaboration with the University of Liège (Arlon campus), and successfully used in our warnings. The search for mycotoxins indicated very significant concentrations 

of deoxynivalenol on three sites located in the east of the country. Micro-climatic conditions do not seem sufficient to explain the persistence of this strong 

concentration. The presence of nivalenol was also noted in four fields. Such information is essential for improving the quality of the grain produced in Luxembourg.


1FUTOX 

Title 

Development of new markers for the 

identification of mycotoxin-producing 

Fusarium species 

Fields 

Fusarium, identification, food safety, 

mycotoxins 

Partners 




• Centre Wallon de Recherche Agronomique 

(Laboratoire de Mycologie, B) 



Period 




Subject 

Fusarium graminearum (Schwein.) Petch is the species most often associated with wheat head blight, and its presence in Luxembourg is strongly correlated with the 

contamination by type B trichothecene, molecules that are toxic for both humans and animals. Within this species, there are three chemotypes (3-ADON, 15-ADON 

and NiV), with the most aggressive population being 3-ADON, notably found in North America and that has a reproduction rate and toxin production rate that are 

higher than the other populations. This project’s main objective is to identify new molecular and proteomic markers that can be used for the detection of these toxigenic 

strains. It includes the following topics: 

• molecular characterization of Fusarium strains and determination of their toxicogenic profiles; 

• development of new genomic and/or proteomic techniques; 

• improvement of the tests for identifying and quantifying toxin producing fungus; 

• set-up of an integrated strategy for the management and prevention of the risk of contamination from these mycotoxins. 


Results 

Researchers identified the chemotypes of approximately 400 isolated strains of F. graminearum and F. culmorum in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in 2007 and 

2008. Using molecular tools based on two Tri genes, they showed that the populations of F. graminearum in Luxembourg are predominantly producers of 15-ADON. 

Nevertheless, a small NIV chemotype population also exists (3%), but so far, no population with 3-ADON chemotype (the most agressive) has been identified. The 

majority of the of F. culmorum population is 3-ADON, the rest being NIV. All of the results obtained by molecular biology were confirmed through chemical analyses 

(LC-MS/MS). By analyzing the contamination level in fields and the quantity of nivalenol producing strains, a correlation was found. It was shown that the analysis 

of the chemotype of the contaminating strains served to identify the contaminated grains without using chemical analysis. This tool can be developed in order to 

decrease the level of toxins in grains within the framework of an integrated management and prevention strategy for the risk of contamination by mycotoxins. These 

results were published in the “International Journal of Food Microbiology”. 

The extraction of Fusarium proteinaceous markers and the analysis of its proteome were carried out. The results will be published in the “Journal of Visual Experiments”.


1INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT 

OF LAKE ECHTERNACH 

Title 

Integrated management of Lake Echternach 

Fields 

Hydrobiology, nature conservation 

Partners 

• Commune d’Echternach 




Gérard Schmidt 

Period 

January 2007 - January 2009 



Subject 

The Echternach lake is a hypereutrophicated body of water which, for many years, has seen significant conflicts of interest (fishing, canoeing, pedal boats, multiple 

activities around the lake, etc.). To assess the origin of the serious eutrophication problems, to monitor the physical and chemical quality of the water, as well as the 

evolution of the plankton populations (phytoplankton and zooplankton) and the dynamics of the flora (paludal flora and hillside chalk grassland) and of the fauna 

(follow-up of the avifauna and amphibious) around the lake, the town of Echternach has been monitoring the lake for more than 10 years. 

Results 

For more than 10 years, water analyses have shown a regular and constant decrease of the content of eutrophicating elements (organic phosphorus and phosphates). 

However, the very pronounced hypereutrophicated nature of the Echternach lake remains, despite a significant regression of algal biomass in the last three 

years. The flora includes no less than 140 different species, of which 14 are included in the red list of vascular plants that are threatened in Luxembourg, and 8 protected 

species. The chalk grassland is colonized by seven species of orchids. The site is used as a temporary pasturing station in August, for sheep. This pasturing 

has a beneficial effect on the populations of orchids (107 individuals in 2005, 411 in 2006, 432 in 2007, 492 in 2008). An observation of the avifauna has allowed the 

identification of 62 species of nesting and hibernating birds, including the red throated little grebe, the common merganser and the common pochard, etc. Though 

hyper-eutrophic, the Echternach lake is nonetheless a non-negligible site of ecological interest in terms of its local flora and fauna, which is contributing to the rapid 

tourism expansion of the city of Echternach.


1GLIA 

Title 

Microglial activation and differentiation: 

analysis of signal transduction and phenotype 

acquisition 

Fields 

hydrobiology, nature conservation 

Partners 




Jenny Renaut 

Period 




Subject 

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by an accumulation of beta amyloid peptides (Ab) in the brain, the extracellular production of which is mediated by the enzyme 

beta-secretase. The transcription of the coding gene for this enzyme is under the control of nuclear receptors whose activation will reduce the enzyme’s transcription, 

and therefore the accumulation of Ab peptides. The aggregation of the Ab protein results in the formation of plaques. This neurodegenerative pathology is also characterized 

by an inflammatory state that can be linked to the presence of Ab and to the activation of glial cells. Various phenotypes of micro-glial cells (pro-inflammatory 

and anti-inflammatory) will be studied in order to bring to light the differentiation steps of these cells. In this way, various conformations of the Ab peptide will be tested. 

This characterization will be carried out by a combined approach involving transcriptomics, proteomics and biological tests relative to the effect of Ab peptides on 

microgliocytes. 

This project is financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR) as part of the “Biotechnology and Health & extension of the Ageing Process” programme. 

Results 

The aim of this project is to identify new therapeutic strategies and the associated targets for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The characterization of the pro- 

and anti-inflammatory states was carried out by the study of gene expression by RT-PCR, and by the analysis of the phagocytosis capacity of microglial cells. The 

next step was an analysis of the various forms of Ab peptides: oligomeric with low molecular weight, oligomeric with high molecular weight, or fibrillated. The results 

showed more or less significant pro-inflammatory effects depending on the form of Ab used, as well as a reduction of the phagocytic capacity of the micro-glial cells. 

More than 250 proteins, the abundance of which changes according to the conditions under which the samples were prepared, were analyzed and more than 70% 

were identified. Amongst these, we find detoxification enzymes, structure proteins, stress response proteins, etc. At the end of 2009, a comparison with the data produced 

by the transcriptomics was in progress.


1GOBIO 

Title 

Proteomic and transcriptomic study of the 

action of emerging chemical pollutants on a 

freshwater fish: the gudgeon (Gobio gobio (L.)) 

Fields 

molecular toxicology, biomarkers 

Partner 

Genopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées (F) 



Period 

June 2009 - May 2011 



Subject 

This project’s objective is the identification of existing detoxification genes in a common fish in Luxembourg rivers, the gudgeon (Gobio gobio), the transcripts of which 

could be used as early indicators of contamination of the water or of the sediment. The selected species is a bottom-feeding fish, which makes it a worthwhile candidate 

not only to be representative of the water contamination, but also that of the sediment. The project revolves around two tasks. The first is the identification of 

detoxification genes as well as their expression level in the gudgeon, such as to identify the most interesting organ from the viewpoint of bioindication. The objective 

of the second task is to perform an intoxication experiment on the fish in an aquarium, using persistent organic pollutants: PCBs 77 and 153, alone or mixed. This 

task will serve to determine how the fish react to climbing levels of pollutants within the organ selected as the target. 


Results 

For the search for the gudgeon’s detoxification genes, a collaborative effort was implemented with the genomics platform at the Toulouse INRA. The aim was a highspeed 

sequencing of the DNA coding (DNAc) of the Gobio gobio. The preparatory work of the DNAc and their sequencing was carried out in 2009. The obtained 

sequences were annotated and the results are being processed. Since November 2009, intoxication experiments have been carried out with PCB 153 and PCB 77, 

each one in isolation. The gudgeons were exposed to increasing doses of these PCBs through their food (10 ng/g, 100 ng/g, 1 µg/g and 10 µg/g). The analyzed fish 

were exposed for longer and longer periods (1 day, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days). For each analyzed dosage, nine fish were dissected at each selected time and the 

target organs (gills, liver, muscles) were conserved at -80°C. These samples will be analysed in 2010.


1GRAPPE (BUNCH) 

Title 

The off-flavour “earthy-musty taste” in 

Luxembourg Vineyards 

Fields 

plant physiology, biochemistry, viticulture, 

phytopathology 

Partner 

Institut Viti-Vinicole 



Period 

September 2006 - February 2010 



Subject 

Since 2000, an off-flavour of fungal origin, referred to as an earthy-musty taste, has appeared in Luxembourg in wines produced from grape varieties with a compact 

bunch structure. This phenomenon seems to be associated with the development of grey rot in the grape crops. This project’s general objective is to study this phenomenon 

in Luxembourg, and to develop the means that would serve to avoid the appearance of this taste. 

The project consists of three axes: 

• a phytopathological study in order to better identify the dynamics for the appearance, on the grape vines, of the microorganisms that cause this earthy-musty taste 

to arise; 

• a biochemical study of the wines intended to study the appearance and exact dosage of (bio)chemical compounds responsible for this off-flavour, notably geosmine; 

• the performance of various tests in order to develop a treatment for the vines that would be likely to alter the compact nature of the bunches during their development, 

such as to avoid or delay the appearance of the microorganisms responsible for this off-flavour. 

Results 

Vineyard tests were carried out with three vine varieties (Pinot gris, Pinot blanc and Pinot noir). Bioregulators were applied to the vines in an effort to decrease the 

compact nature of the bunches and thus to create a less favourable environment for the development of fungal diseases, such as the ones caused by the Botrytis 

cinerea and Penicillium expansum fungus. As in 2008, these tests in 2009 concentrated on the use of the growth regulator known as Regalis, the active ingredient of 

which is prohexadione-Ca, which interacts on the level of the biosynthesis of gibberellins. Various tests were performed in an effort to confirm the results obtained in 

2008: application of Regalis, without or with botryticide; leafing, leafing with Regalis or botryticide; botryticide. The application of Regalis generally produced bunches 

with a less compact structure. Regarding the infection by Botrytis cinerea, it was primarily reduced by treatments combining the bioregulator’s application either together 

with a botryticide, or with leafing. Amongst these results, it is worth noting the efficiency of this last option, which adheres to the concept of sustainable wine 

growing.


1HYDRASENS 

Title 

Integrating radar remote sensing, hydrologic 

and hydraulic modelling for surface water 

management 

Fields 

remote sensing, hydrology, modelling, 

assimilation 

Partners 

• Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve (B) 

• Université de Gand (B) 


Patrick Matgen 

Period 

December 2006 - January 2012 



Subject 

The project’s objective is to develop new data assimilation strategies, allowing for the integration of remote sensing radar, and hydrological and hydraulic modelling 

for better management of the water resources. 

There are two important variables for surface water management: 

• the ground humidity that determines the share of rainfall that infiltrates and the surface runoff; 

• the extent of flooding that can also be monitored over time and space thanks to remote sensing radar. 

The merger of these two data elements allows for an assessment of the submergence heights. 

The systematic integration of remote sensing observations into hydraulic and hydrological flood forecasting models will make it possible to determine if there has been 

a significant improvement of the quality of the forecasts. 

This project is financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR), as well as by Belgian Federal Scientific Policy as part of the “STEREO II” remote sensing 

research programme. 

Results 

During the project’s first three years, a methodology was developed and validated in order to estimate the submergence heights and the ground humidity on the basis 

of radar remote sensing images. The hydrological model CLM2.0 was calibrated for the Alzette catchment and coupled with a hydraulic 1-D model that simulates the 

propagation of flood waves between Luxembourg-Pfaffenthal and Mersch. A particulate filter (PF) was used in order to assimilate the data estimated by radar remote 

sensing into this coupled model. This is a filter that originated with Bayesian statistics and that, unlike the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) that simplifies the recursive 

estimation by presupposing a Gaussian distribution for the state variables, the PF relaxes the need for restrictive hypotheses regarding the shapes of the probability 

density functions. The study shows that the information contained in the radar images can help to improve the quality of the flow forecasts.


1HYIMPACTS 

Title 

Hydrometeorological model uncertainty and 

rainfall/model sensitivity analysis in the Sauer 

River (Germany/Luxembourg) catchment 

Fields 

radar remote sensing, hydrology, 

hydrological and atmospheric modelling 

Partner 

Université Technique de Delft (NL) 


Klaus Görgen 

Period 

June 2008 - May 2011 



Subject 

The limit conditions (i.e. precipitation and evapotranspiration), the equations describing the propagation of water within the “catchment area” system, and the model’s 

parameters represent the main sources of uncertainties that could affect hydrological forecasts. This project’s objective is to assess the contribution of meteorological 

radar and of atmospheric models in the reduction of uncertainties related to hydrological simulations. Initially, this will involve comparing various indirect rain field estimation 

methods with the measurements recorded in situ, at rainfall stations. A study will then be carried out in order to assess the contribution of each data set for the 

hydrological modelling. For the purposes of a better characterization of the spatial distribution of flood genesis processes, a hydrological model will be progressively 

developed in order to allow optimum integration of the estimated rain fields on a regional scale, respectively by meteorological radar and by atmospheric model. 


Results 

The selective approach targets the integration, in a non-distributed hydrological model, of the information on the spatial distribution of the rain coming from a database 

of images from a meteorological radar. The method is based on a calculation of the distances between a catchment area’s rain fields, estimated by radar, and the 

basin’s outlet. The distances are related to the average distance from the overall basin. This approach is used to calculate, for each time step, the ratio that describes 

the rain field’s instantaneous position within the catchment area. The ratios have values between 0 (rain falling near the outlet) and 2 (rain falling at the basin’s extreme 

limits relative to the outlet). Finally, these data are used to integrate information on the spatial distribution of the rain into a hydrological model, while manipulating the 

transfer time estimated by the model. The model was applied to the Alzette catchment basin in 2006-2007 and most particularly during two rain events spaced three 

days apart. The preliminary results show that the proposed approach serves to better simulate the arrival of successive flood waves coming from different parts of 

the catchment area.


1INTERCEPTION 

Title 

The role of interception in the water cycle: 

comparison of micro-basins of mid-alitude 

and low altitude 

Fields 

hydrology, interception, modelling 

Partner 

Université Technique de Delft (NL) 



Period 




Subject 

The project is targeting a better understanding of the interception phenomenon and of its spatial and temporal variability. Measuring the phenomenon is made extremely 

difficult by its strong spatial and temporal variability. The project calls for a comparison of the phenomenon in two natural contexts, with contrasting physiographical 

and hydroclimatic characteristics. As such, this work could be developed in the context of the ongoing research efforts that are targeting an understanding 

of the consequences of an eventual climatic change on the operation of our hydrosystems throughout the Greater Region. Indeed, the role of interception in hydrological 

models has been little studied up to now, and is most often poorly taken into consideration. This project must provide responses with regard to the eventual 

consideration of this phenomenon (weight and spatial variability of the interception according to physiographical conditions) in the modelling of the Greater Region’s 

hydrosystems. 

Results 

A study of the influence of the interception of precipitation on subsurface runoff mechanisms requires extremely complex experimental systems. Given the difficulty 

implementing such measurement apparatus, the team used so-called virtual experiments. These are digital experiments that are populated with collective field information, 

and that constitute a learning tool for the selective study of the processes in play within a complex system. As part of this study, the virtual experiment made it 

possible to distinguish the effects of an absence of interception, only limited interception within the forest canopy and interception generated both by the forest canopy 

and its litter. The influence of the spatial resolution of the interception process’ observations was also assessed.


1LOUTRE (otter) 

Title 

Restoration of the otter’s habitats (BE & LU) 

Field 

nature conservation 

Partners 

• Fondation Hëllef fir d’Natur 

• Parc Naturel de la Haute-Sûre 

• Parc Naturel de l’Our 

• Parc Naturel des Deux Ourthes (B) 

• Parc Naturel Hautes-Fagnes Eifel (B) 

• Parc Naturel Haute-Sûre Forêt d’Anlier (B) 


Gérard Schmidt 

Period 

December 2006 - October 2010 



Subject 

This project covers a cross-border region of 250,000 ha, stretching from the southeast of Belgium to northern Luxembourg (valleys of the Haute-Sûre, Wiltz, Clerve, 

Deux Ourthes and Our). Its objective is to re-create favourable conditions for the development of otter populations by improving the water quality, preparing refuges, 

setting up protected areas along the waterways, building passageways under bridges, creating water expanses, restoring wetlands and alluvial forests at the expense 

of certain stands of softwood trees that are not very well suited to the bottoms of the valleys, the purchase of lands in order to create safe havens, improving the 

productivity of the fish, etc. 

The project includes monitoring of populations, as well as their evolution after the completed development work. It also includes an information and awareness-raising 

aspect for the population and government agencies in question, provided by the five partner nature parks, with the set-up of an Internet site, the organization of information 

meetings and field visits for classes of school children from the region, and also the creation and training of a network of observers in order to monitor the 

otter populations. 

This project is financially supported by the European Commission as part of the “LIFE-NATURE” project. 

Results 

2009 was devoted primarily to the following actions: 

• the management of 1 ha of invasive species (the giant hogweed, Japanese knotweed and steeplebush) along the Our, the Troine, the Wiltz and the Haute-Sûre; 

• contacts with private owners for the purposes of signing agreements for the deforestation of 16 ha of softwood along the Our, the Troine, the Woltz, the Wiltz and 

the Haute-Sûre; 

• the signing of agreements with farmers for the installation of 8 km of fences, 16 drinking bowls, the planting of 2.3 km of riverside vegetation, 1 km of hedges, the 

digging of 13 ponds on the Haute-Sûre, the Wiltz, the Troine, the Woltz and the Our; 

• the purchase of 17 ha of lands along the Woltz, the Wark, the Troine, the Haute-Sûre and the Our (including six safe havens and six burrows); 

• the coordination of a network of volunteer observers for the organization of three weekends for the observation of presence indications on the Our, the Haute-Sûre 

and both Ourthes; 

• presentation of the educational file and inauguration of the roaming and interactive “Sur les traces de la loutre” (Looking for the otter) exhibition during the Oekofoire; 

• the removal of five obstacles and of 14 logjams on the Troine; 

• the preparation of development plans and authorization applications for seven otter passageways (three on the Wark, two on the Wiltz and two on the Troine).


1LUX-AIR 

Title 

Assessment of air pollution via state-of-the-art 

field observations and multi-scale numerical 

modelling for Luxembourg with a focus on the 

capital city 

Fields 

air quality, numerical modelling 

Partner 

Université de Trèves (D) 


Klaus Görgen 

Andreas Krein 

Period 




Subject 

The air quality in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is assessed using the WRF meso-scale atmospheric model and its WRF-CHEM chemical module. Both models 

are applied with a horizontal spatial resolution varying between 27 and 1 km. Version 3.3 of the SelmaGIS statistical model is used for a precise assessment of the 

air quality in an urban setting using a fine spatial scale. For special conditions, the MISKAM 3-dimensional non-hydrostatic flow and dispersion model replaces the 

Gaussian approach. These models make it possible to quantify the impact of urban atmospheric pollution in Luxembourg, caused both by various emission sources 

and by pollutants carried over long distances. The trends regarding miscellaneous atmospheric pollutants are considered in collaboration with local authorities, such 

as to assess the impact of European and national legislation. Various scenarios of measures intended to reduce emissions and their impact on the air quality in an 

urban environment are studied and assessed. On basis of the modelling, the most efficient strategies for reducing specific pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide and 

particles, could be identified on the regional and local levels. 


Results 

The air quality measurements taken in southwest Luxembourg indicate considerable variability of the aerosol concentrations, thereby confirming the previous measurements 

taken by the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann, and also indicating that in several locations in Luxembourg, the daily PM10 limits set by the European Union are 

exceeded. The measured concentrations show typical variations on annual, monthly and daily scales, linked to anthropogenic activities (e.g. traffic volume) and 

meteorological variables (e.g. wind speed, precipitation, etc.). High-resolution modelling confirms the high levels of PM10 and NO 2 observed along motorways and 

frequently travelled routes. Road transport and long-distance transport were identified as the two leading sources of aerosol emissions that are making a significant 

contribution to air pollution on a local scale. Within the study area, industrial emissions only contribute slightly to the primary PM10 pollution.


1MACRY 

Title 

Preparation of an integrated warning system 

for the various cryptogamic diseases affecting 

wheat in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 

Fields 

phytopathology, integrated disease management, 

environmentally-friendly agriculture 

Partners 


• Lycée Technique Agricole 




• Université de Liège (B) 

• Différents agriculteurs dans les régions de 

Reuler, Christnach, Burmerange et Kayl 



Period 

May 2006 - April 2009 



Subject 

There is great diversity in the diseases caused by the action of pathogenic agents (viruses, bacteria, fungus, etc.) that develop at the expense of agricultural plants. 

These days, these diseases are still a significant cause of yield losses. Winter wheat is subject to various cryptogamic diseases that are controlled by means of fungicidal 

treatments. The considerable irregularity in the development of these diseases nevertheless makes it difficult for the farmer to assess the risk of damages and 

thus prompts insurance treatments that are often useless, with a resulting undesirable impact on the environment. This project’s objective is to design and prepare 

an integrated warning system for cryptogamic diseases affecting the winter wheat adapted to the agriculture in Luxembourg. This agricultural warning is intended to 

rationalize the decisions relative to phytosanitary treatments in order to reduce the load of pesticides applied to a crop, to increase the efficiency of the treatments 

and thus to decrease the overall economic and environmental cost of the chemical effort. 

Results 

The last months of the project were used to draft the final report and to ensure the conservation of the Mycosphaerella graminicola strains collected during the project. 

The assessment of the fungicide resistance of Luxembourg’s strains of Mycosphaerella graminicola to strobilurins and triazoles was continued. The results led to the 

conclusion that, even though the occurrence of resistance to azoxystrobine seems to be less frequent that in neighbouring countries, the genetic mutation G143A 

causing this resistance is indeed present in more than 80% of the isolated wheat strains (n tot =379) and in only 10% of isolated spelt strains (n tot =23). Moreover, the 

efficiency of epoxiconazole showed a progressive erosion of this active ingredient’s fungicidal action between 2007 and 2008. The EC50 average more than doubled 

between 2007 (EC50=0.92 ppm) and 2008 (EC50=2.01 ppm). Various publications on the modelling of septoriose and its resistance to fungicides were accepted in 

journals with review committees, or will be submitted.


1MAPRISK 

Title 

Mapping of hydrological risk in real-time flood 

forecasting and in floodplain management 

Fields 

hydraulic modelling, assessment of uncertainties, 

remote 

sensing 

Partners 

• Ministère de l’Intérieur (Administration 

des Services de Secours) 


de la Gestion de l’Eau) 



Period 




Subject 

In recent years, considerable effort has been devoted to characterizing the spatial distribution of the unknowns and of the flooding risk for Luxembourg’s main rivers. 

For the operational management of floods, the current maps are insufficient since they only cover a small part of the possible flood intensities. The project is intended 

to develop an operational tool for mapping flood risks, particularly in urban zones. Based on digital forecasting models, this tool will provide, in real-time, the spatial 

extension and potential socioeconomic dimension of a flood that is taking shape, in order to help the public authorities in charge of protection and rescue operations. 

Moreover, given the lack of characterization of the uncertainties and the gaps between the results of the models and the actually flooded expanses, officials generally 

put little faith in models. For this reason, thanks to an in-depth study of the propagation of uncertainties and after a discussion with potential users regarding how to 

represent uncertainties in the finished products, this study provides an opportunity to help bridge the gap between recent scientific advances and traditional engineering 

methods. 

This project is financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR) as part of the “Tomorrow’s life in Luxembourg” programme. 

Results 

To carry out the project, the initial step involved setting up hydraulic models on the two main national rivers in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Sûre and Alzette). 

From a scientific viewpoint, this work indicated the interest value of considering spatialized information produced by remote sensing in order to better calibrate the 

model. A prototype of a hydro-meteorological model provides forecasts of rainfall quantities, flows and submergence heights for a period of five days. By comparison 

between simulated flows and actual flows at Pfaffenthal, complete archives of the model’s errors have been produced for each forecast timeframe. A stochastic analysis 

of these errors led to the development of a model that would allow for the calculation of confidence intervals for the provided forecasts. The spatial distribution of 

the flooding risk can be estimated by crossing flood maps characterized by variable return times, with land use maps.


1MECI 

Title 

Proteo-genomics approaches to assess 

molecular circuits of epithelial cancer invasion: 

implication of microRNA’s 

Fields 

Proteomics 

Partners 

• Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (F) 


• Institut de Génétique et de Biologie 

Moléculaire et Cellulaire (F) 




Jenny Renaut 

Period 




Subject 

The recent discovery of micro RNAs (miRNAs) has revolutionized the vision of genome regulation. These miRNAs could have a crucial role in cancer biology. However, 

little is still known about their involvement in cancers deriving from the epithelium, such as breast, prostate or colon cancer, which are very prevalent in the 

West. The aim of this project is to discover the regulations circuits that depend on these miRNAs in the event of epithelial cancers, while combining a proto-genomic 

approach. As such, the study will lead to a better understanding of how these miRNAs bring about the loss of cellular polarity, the reorganization of the cytoskeleton, 

migration and invasion, considered to be the characteristics of epithelium-mesenchyme transition (EMT). The experiments will be based on a previously established 

cellular model of breast carcinoma. 

This project is financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR) as part of the “Biotechnology and Health & extension of the Ageing Process” programme. 

Results 

The initial experiments were carried out on in vitro breast cancer cell cultures in order to study the cascade of molecular events related to epithelium-mesenchyme 

transition (EMT) on the basis of time. These experiments provided encouraging results by means of differential analyses using micro-arrays, with regard to the identification 

of miRNAs that are of potential interest for the epithelium-mesenchyme transition (EMT). In this project’s second part, differential proteomics will also be used 

in order to detect interesting molecules. The first tests were used to separate membrane proteins from cytosol proteins in order to analyze them separately, and to be 

able to increase their resolution. The abundance of protein extracts will be analyzed using bidimensional electrophoresis, and the differentially expressed proteins will 

be identified. The project’s last phase will entail the integration of all obtained data such as to propose the broadest possible view of the action of miRNAs.


1MID-DIRECTORY 

Title 

Hydroclimatological atlas 2008 for the Grand 

Duchy of Luxembourg 

Fields 

hydrology, climatology 

Partners 







Period 




Subject 

The objective of hydrology and meteorology is to gather hydrological or climatic data in an effort to better understand the climate and its direct consequences on the 

flow regimes of waterways. A good understanding of the rain-flow transformation processes can result in better forecasting, and even prevention, of some extreme 

events (droughts, floods). A hydro-meteorological directory is an ideal medium for gathering all of this data in order to make them available to potential users such as 

the civil protection services, engineering bureaus, researchers and even the water agencies of neighbouring countries. This document must therefore consist of an 

in-depth basis of work for future studies or projects. The directory is not solely a data repository. It provides an initial analysis of the hydroclimatological conditions in 

Luxembourg through various topics such as the general hydroclimatological conditions, the evolution of hydric resources and even the frequential context of climatic 

and hydrological events. 

Results 

As the only historical landmark, the chronicles of the Luxembourg-city station (now Findel airport) indicate that the total rainfall of 860 mm recorded in 2008 is in the 

upper quarter of the years with the greatest precipitation between 1890 and 2008. Relative to the normal figure for 1971-2000 (860 mm), the totals for 2008 were 

therefore 72 mm higher. 

After 2007, in first place of the hottest years recorded since the start of observations in 1838 in Luxembourg-city (now Findel-airport), the average temperature for 

2008 of 9.7°C very clearly remains within the upper quarter of the ranking. Some of the storm cells that crossed the Grand Duchy on the morning of 29 May 2008 

produced exceptional precipitation, particularly in the west half and north of the country, where rainfall of very rare intensity was experienced. This is illustrated by the 

return periods (approximate values) from the rainfall stations in Useldange (330 years), Arsdorf (157 years), Mamer (478 years) and even Koerich (42 years).


1MOBIMO 

Title 

Application of niche-based modelling 

techniques to long-term common bird 

monitoring data 

Fields 

nature conservation, spatial ecology, 

biodiversity monitoring 

Partners 

• Aves-Natagora (B) 

• Centre Tecnològic Forestal de Catalunya (SP) 

• Lëtzebuerger Natur - a Vulleschutzliga 

• Université de Lleida (SP) 



Period 




Subject 

The current decline of bird populations throughout Europe has been brought to light by national surveillance programmes involving breeding birds. These programmes 

provide a basis of appropriate spatial information for regularly updating the knowledge relative to the distribution of these species. However, this information is collected 

on the level of sampling sites and is therefore not directly useful for large-scale mapping purposes regarding the distribution of species. Spatial modelling 

techniques for the distribution of species serve to establish a statistical relation between the presence or abundance of bird species within sampling sites and the 

environmental conditions that characterize these sites. This statistical relation can be used to estimate the distribution of species beyond the sampling sites. Using 

ornithological and environmental databases coming from Catalonia (Spain), Luxembourg and Wallonia (Belgium), the MOBIMO project focuses on the relevance of 

coupling surveillance data on breeding birds with environmental data by means of statistical models in an effort to map the distribution of birds on a large scale. 


Results 

In 2009, the project focused on Luxembourg and Wallonia. In Wallonia, the ornithological data results from various census techniques implemented as part of the atlas 

of Wallonia’s breeding birds. This information will be compared with a series of variables calculated in 2009, that describe the environmental conditions throughout 

Wallonia at 200 m of spatial resolution. In Luxembourg, the statistical models will be calibrated to this same spatial resolution on the basis of ornithological data that 

will come, firstly, from the surveillance programme for breeding birds initiated in 2009 and, secondly, from environmental variables calculated in 2009. The relevance 

of these models will notably be assessed with the help of data that characterize the reproductive success of a particular species (Lanius collurio) under different environmental 

conditions. These data were acquired in the field in 2009, and will also be collected in the springs of 2010 and 2011. The Catalan databases will be used 

starting in 2010.


1MOBIOLUX 

Title 

Implementation of the national surveillance and 

biodiversity monitoring in Luxembourg 

Fields 

Nature conservation, Biodiversity monitoring 

Partners 

• Ministère du Développement durable 

et des Infrastructures 




Period 




Subject 

In Luxembourg, there is a great lack of long-term temporal series that outline the distribution, abundance and evolution of species and habitats throughout the country. 

Having recognized this shortfall, the Ministry for Sustainable Development and Infrastructures has included, in its National Nature Protection Plan, the priority set-up 

of “scientific monitoring of the state of nature and of the efficiency of the implementation of the nature protection policy”. The biodiversity surveillance and monitoring 

programme in Luxembourg was prepared as part of the BIOMONITOR project. The project’s final document provides the methods that are to be implemented and the 

field instructions that will make it possible to obtain indicators that reflect the state of health of biodiversity, as well as its evolution over time in Luxembourg. However, 

the scientific assessment of the proposed methods and the performance of a certain number of preparatory actions in the field are necessary for this programme’s 

concrete and relevant implementation. Co-financed by the Ministry for Sustainable Development and Infrastructures as part of the Natural Environment Observatory, 

these validation and preparatory phases are the subject of the MOBIOLUX project and constitute an essential preliminary condition for this programme’s scientific 

development. Indeed, they will serve to ensure the reliability and appropriate statistical exploitation of the data that will be collected at a later time. 

Results 

Since the start of the project, and in order to ensure a relevant data collection as of 2010, a certain number of significant preparatory actions have been undertaken: 

field validation of the biodiversity sampling network, identification of priority taxonomic groups, preparation of the field forms and mapping supports, set-up of a database 

that describes the sampling sites. Continued in the winter of 2009-2010, these various actions will make it possible to monitor breeding birds, day butterflies, 

vascular plants, benthic macroinvertebrates and the species listed in the 92/43/EEC “Habitat Directive” as of the spring of 2010. Thereafter, other taxonomic groups 

may also be monitored using the same overall sampling strategy defined for the BIOMONITOR and MOBIOLUX projects.


1MONEAU 

Title 

Hydroclimatological monograph of Luxembourg 

Fields 

hydrology, climatology 

Partners 






Period 




Subject 

Since the middle of the 19 th century, the number of hydroclimatological observation sites has steadily increased. Initially carried out by volunteers, these observations 

are now gathered via a modern network of automated stations. From the time of the manual measurements, there is a whole series of historical chronologies that 

reflect the climate’s variability in our regions. However, these data are often still only available on paper and, in most cases, have only been validated in a summary 

manner. As such, this project is intended to gather, validate and standardize all of the hydroclimatological data available for the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. In the 

end, this project should lead to the establishment of an exhaustive database of hydroclimatological data. Available in digital format, this database will then serve as 

the basis for all kinds of applications in the field of research, and of engineering as well. 

Results 

All of the climatological data (old and recent) have been inventoried, input and formatted. Approximately 3,000,000 data elements are available for the overall Grand 

Duchy of Luxembourg (34 rainfall stations and 24 meteorological stations). After having reviewed the raw data at various time scales, the monthly rainfall series 

(24 stations including two historical ones), as well as the extreme and average temperature series (seven stations including two historical ones) were statistically 

standardized on a monthly time step. The objective of the standardization is to eliminate anthropogenic influences that would sully long chronological series, while 

maintaining the climatic signal (natural variations). Two standardization methods were applied: the Regional Vector method (for rainfall in the second half of the 20 th 

century) and the Alexandersson method (for extreme temperatures and climatological data going back to the middle of the 19 th century).


1NANEAU 

Title 

Toxicological effects of emerging nanoparticles 

in water on standard aquatic organisms 

and their absorption by Human beings 

in drinking water 

Fields 

Sustainable use of water, nanoparticles toxicity, 

biological tests 

Partner 

CRP - Gabriel Lippmann (SAM) 


Arno Gutleb 

Period 

March 2009 – May 2011 



Subject 

As a result of their small size and uniform composition, nanoparticles are reactive and also have special physicochemical properties. After their use, nanoparticles can 

potentially pollute water tables, and the surfaces of lakes and rivers. This contamination can affect aquatic organisms and the environment, since the nanoparticles 

can enter the food chain. Nanoparticles are also known for their ability to incorporate themselves into living organisms by binding to and deforming the DNA, as well 

as for their prooxidant effect and as a modulator of the expression of genes in the exposed tissues. 

The objective is to adapt and develop experimental protocols for the assessment of the toxicity (i.e. environmental) of emerging nanoparticles that are used individually 

or in a mixture with other usual contaminants. In addition to the use of classical tests based on standardized procedures and well-established reagents, other 

approaches based on new predicting biomarkers such as proteomy and genomy will be developed. The possibility of nanoparticle absorption from water by higher 

vertebrates will be studied, as will their intracellular location. 

This project is financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR) as part of the CORE programme. 

Results 

Researchers began assessing the eco-toxicological effects of the commonly used nanoparticles, namely TiO 2 (21 nm) and Ag (20 nm), on the aquatic model Daphnia 

magna (adaptation to OECD directive 202). Moreover, the use of the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition as a potential pre-screening test was evaluated. The 

nanoparticles and the dispersion protocols were provided by the NANOTEST FP7 and Norwegian-Polish NorPol projects. TiO 2 , Ag (200 nm) and AgNO 3 were used 

for comparison. 

The results obtained indicate that the nanoparticles TiO 2 , even at high doses (0.05-500 mg/L), have no effect on the mobility of D. magna. As to their impact on the 

luminescence, nano-TiO 2 causes a dose-effect type increase starting at a dose of 200 mg/L. Nano-Ag caused a 35% immobilization at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L 

while Ag 200 nm had no effect at the same dose. Above 0.1 mg/L, Ag 20 nm and 200 nm caused 100% immobilization. Nano-Ag and Ag 200 nm respectively inhibited 

the bioluminescence by 12% and 15% at a concentration of 10 mg/L. 

A co-culture system for HT29-MTX cells, that produce mucous membrane, and Caco-2 cells was successfully set up and will be used in order to test the use of nanoparticles. 

The initial results indicate that under co-culture conditions, the cells are less sensitive to the oxidizing stress resulting from nanoparticles.


1NOMAD 

Title 

Perspectives of a nomadic flood tracking system 

Fields 

hydrometry, hydraulic modelling, 

satellite communication systems 

Partner 

HITEC Luxembourg S.A. 



Period 




Subject 

Flood alarm systems are based on hydrological and hydraulic models that include large volumes of real-time hydroclimatological data. The networks of instruments 

used in such prediction systems are both costly and subject to many technical constraints. Moreover, the implementation of observation networks is often hindered 

by the absence of data transmission means and of a nearby electrical power supply. Satellite-based communication technologies, combined with mobile flood propagation 

follow-up systems make it possible to overcome the logistical and economic constraints linked to the acquisition of hydrological variables in distant sectors. 

Recent technical developments in telecommunications are providing new profitable and flexible systems in order to resolve this problem. The NOMAD project is 

intended to examine the potential of a mobile flood propagation follow-up system that could be used both in different sectors that are poorly covered by measurement 

instruments, and in configurations where the existing measurement network must be temporarily expanded. 

Results 

To obtain a representative overview of the operational solutions and of the requirements, a survey was carried out with 13 potential and active customers in the water 

resources management sector. The expertise of the project’s partners relative to hydrometric measurements and satellite-based communications provides an approximate 

idea of the state-of-the-art of the solutions in their respective domains. An analysis of the results of this twofold survey indicates that the existing solutions do not 

meet all of the needs expressed by potential customers. The current hydrometric measurement systems are not designed for rapid deployment wherever they may 

be needed. They do not provide direct and continuous flow measurements. Moreover, the transfer protocols are specific to the devices and the data format hinder the 

collection and transmission of data coming from multiple sensors. The study clearly shows that there is a niche for a service based on the concept of a mobile flood 

propagation follow-up system. This concept will be developed in greater detail in the project’s second phase.


1OPTIBIOGAZ 

Title 

Towards an optimized and integrated 

biogas farm management 

Fields 

sustainable energy, plant biomass, integrated 

environmental protection and development 

Partners 

• Au Pays de l’Attert (B) 

• Bio Recycle (F) 

• Biogas Biekerich 

• Biogas Rohlingerhof (D) 

• Institut für ZukunftsEnergieSysteme, IZES (D) 

• Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine 

(Ecole nationale supérieure d’agronomie et 

des industries alimentaires - Nancy, F) 

• Kessler (B) 

• Laborelec (B) 

• La Ferme du Faascht (B) 

• Université de Liège (B) 



Period 

July 2008 - June 2011 



Subject 

The production of biogas on the farm is a domain in which many questions remain unanswered. The main energy crop used in biomethanization continues to be 

corn, a cereal that is well known for the environmental risks that its harvest implies. The installation manager is often confronted with steering problems due to a lack 

of knowledge on the behaviour of the substrates that are being used. The valuation of the generated heat, and that of the residual digester sludge are problems for 

which ideal solutions have still not been found. Little is known about the processes environmental impact, while there has been little study of the long-term effect of 

the use of digester sludge for fertilization purposes. In this context, OPTIBIOGAZ proposes: 

• to optimize the transformation of biomass into methane through assisted management of the process and the use of improved ratios for feeding the digesters; 

• to undertake a situational review, as well as to analyze the flows of materials and the overall efficiency of model methanization units within the Greater Region; 

• to uncover new venues for the use and exploitation of biomethanization sub-products; 

• to assess its environmental impact. 


Results 

Four experimental digester prototypes each with a capacity of 100 litres were designed at the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann, with their boiler-making part produced by the 

Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Chaudronnerie et de Tuyauterie (CLCT, Esch) and finally assembled in the centre’s laboratory. After reliability evaluations, the four 

digesters are now in full activity and are undergoing a supply adaptation phase for rations based on compressed beet pulp. They will then be subjected to an increasing 

supply rate in order to deliberately provoke a malfunction of the process known as acidosis. The online follow-up of the digesters is provided by a gas analyzer 

developed by the centre and that includes sensors for CH 4 , CO 2 , H 2 S, H 2 , O 2 and humidity. The volumes of produced biogas are continuously recorded using precise 

gas meters, and all of the information on the quality and volume of biogas is recorded online by a dedicated computer. Moreover, a prototype vacuum evaporator 

adapted to biomethanization digester sludge is being designed and will be assembled in the first quarter of 2010.


1PATHOS 

Title 

Cell-culture based techniques for the 

determination of the occurrence and infective 

status of waterborne pathogens 

Fields 

microbiology, risk analysis, drinking water 

Partners 

• Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège (B) 

• Laboratoire National de Santé (L) 


de la Gestion de l’Eau, L) 

• Syndicat des Eaux du Barrage 

d’Esch-sur-Sûre (L) 

• Université Henri Poincaré (Laboratoire 

de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour 

l’Environnement, F) 



Period 




Subject 

The objective of the PATHOS project is to develop original methods for determining the infectious state of non-bacterial pathogens in water. Amongst the parasites 

and enteric viruses, Cryptosporodium parvum, the norovirus and adenovirus were chosen as the target pathogens on the basis of their significant occurrence in the 

surface waters used for the production of drinking water in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Moreover, these microorganisms are of growing interest since they 

represent an emerging problem for the entire world. The proposed scientific strategy is to develop a technique that combines culturing using a human cellular line 

and very sensitive detection techniques on the basis of molecular biology tools (real-time immuno-PCR). This strategy has been devised in order to do away with the 

major inconveniences associated with the use of classical cellular cultures (long response times) and direct detection via molecular biology (absence of information 

regarding the infectious nature). 



Results 

The research activities carried out in 2009 focused on the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. Firstly, a cellular culture protocol combined with real-time PCR detection 

was set up in the laboratory in order to detect infectious parasites. This technique was adapted and validated on the basis of protocols published in the scientific 

literature. An internal control was included for this protocol on the level of the real-time PCR steps. This control serves to distinguish the detection of true detection 

targets from false positives on the basis of the PCR inhibition. An analysis of artificially contaminated environmental samples was carried out and provided encouraging 

results in terms of the analysis of samples “naturally” loaded with parasites. Part of the project focuses on Cryptosporidium propagation in surface waters. The 

catchment area of the Esch-sur-Sûre drinking water reservoir was modelled in the form of several successive compartments that behave differently from a hydraulic 

point of view. The behaviour of parasites in these various compartments is currently being studied both in terms of the evolution of their number and of their infectious 

nature.


1PIRATE-OP 

Title 

Proteomics in realistic ambient tropospheric 

exposure to ozone of poplar 

Fields 

plant biotechnology, plant physiology, Proteomics 

Partner 

Université Henri Poincaré de Nancy (F) 



Period 

January 2009 - September 2010 



Subject 

In recent decades, tropospheric ozone concentrations have increased sharply, to such a point that they represent a danger for human health, but also the development 

of plants. As such, it is estimated that 10% of forest yields are lost due to ozone. Ozone is a secondary pollutant formed by way of other pollutants resulting from 

human activity. Measures have been taken in order to reduce these primary pollutants. Nevertheless, it would appear that only very slight repercussions have been 

noted on the concentration of tropospheric ozone, and that periods of high ozone concentration can still be seen, particularly in the summer. 

To better understand ozone’s effect on the functioning of plants, and more specifically trees, a simplified model has been proposed. Poplar clones relatively sensitive 

to ozone were subjected to high but still realistic concentrations of ozone, in order to prompt a response from the plants. The study factors include the growth and 

general aspect of the plants, as well as biochemical (metabolites, pigments) and molecular elements. The study is primarily based on an overall proteomic approach 

to leaf tissues. 


Results 

The obtained results indicate that ozone has an impact on the selected model. Growth variations as well as visual symptoms such as necrosis, alterations of the 

colour of the leaves and a general withered aspect of the plant were observed. On a biochemical level, the leaf discoloration can be explained by a decrease of photosynthetic 

pigments such as chlorophyll. Moreover, a slight increase of photoprotective pigments indicates that photosynthesis is affected by the ozone treatment. 

Changes in the balance of certain sugars underscore a negative effect on the primary metabolism of the leaves. 

These observations have been confirmed on the proteomic level. Many primary metabolism proteins of leaves vary in terms of abundance during ozone treatment. 

Many of them are located in the chloroplasts, the very location where photosynthesis occurs. Proteins involved in this phenomenon show a decreased abundance, 

which would seem to indicate a decrease of the plant’s available resources, whereas the energy reduction mechanisms are generally induced. Protective mechanisms 

against the oxidizing molecules created during ozone treatment are also created. 

The effects described above are only recorded in adult leaves. Growing leaves show no response to ozone, until such time as they are fully developed.


1POLLUX 

Title 

Flows of pollutants in the soil-aquifer interface in 

Luxembourgish Sandstone 

Fields 

hydrogeology, water chemistry, pedology, drinking 

water, Modelling 

Partner 

Ville de Luxembourg 



Period 




Subject 

Being the third project resulting from the collaboration between the EVA department and the City of Luxembourg Water Department, POLLUX focuses on the Luxembourg 

Sandstone aquifer, both for the purpose of a better understanding of its complex geo-hydrosystem, and in order to better manage it as a water resource of 

public interest. 

The project has two supplementary objectives: 

• The efficiency of agricultural measurements in terms of improving the quality of Luxembourg sandstone spring water will be studied by means of sampling campaigns 

and regular analyses of the various sources that are part of the drinking water production network. 

• The contribution of a better understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of the rainwater percolation process through the ground to the Luxembourg sandstone 

aquifer. Eventually, this work is intended to contribute to reducing the uncertainties inherent to the currently applicable concepts and methods used in the 

hydrogeological modelling of the Luxembourg sandstone water resource. This aspect is also of considerable interest relative to the research work being carried out 

within the EVA department, relative to environmental modelling. 

Results 

For the best possible exploitation of the information related to water and pollutant transfers from ground surfaces to the springs, a regular quantitative and qualitative 

follow-up protocol on the level of the springs and of the ground solutions has been implemented. The follow-up of underground waters is performed every six weeks 

on 70 springs that are part of the drinking water production system for the City of Luxembourg. The ground solutions are monitored every two weeks on the level of 

seven experimental sites that had been equipped during the VULNEREAU project. This effort will be maintained for a period of five years in order to ensure the greatest 

possible follow-up of the contrasting meteorological conditions, on the one hand, and a sufficiently high probability of an outcome for the measurement of changing 

agricultural practices, on the other hand.


1PONDSCAPE 

Title 

Towards a sustainable management of pond 

diversity at the landscape level 

Fields 

microbial ecology, nature conservation 

Partners 

• Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame 

de la Paix (B) 

• Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles 

de Belgique (B) 

• Université Catholique de Louvain (KUL, B) 

• Université de Gand (B) 



Period 

December 2006 - January 2011 



Subject 

Ponds are often found in agricultural settings. The perception of their actual value and of the sanitary risk associated with using these water sources in order to provide 

livestock with water most often determined whether or not ponds remain a part of the countryside. The aim of this project is to determine the value of ponds relative 

to biodiversity, the manner in which this biodiversity varies according to various spatial scales, the socioeconomic value of ponds, as well as their possible contamination 

by pathogens that can affect livestock. In particular, the effect of the age of ponds on biodiversity will be analyzed. Indeed, various management actions will be 

applied in order to define an appropriate pond conservation strategy. The involvement of the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann primarily involves the analysis of the operation 

of the microbial loop of ponds, which is considered to be an indicator of the state of the ponds. 

This project is financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR), as well as by Belgian Federal Scientific Policy as part of the “Sustainable Development” 

research programme. 

Results 

In 2009, the fieldwork focused on measuring the effects of the management actions applied to ponds with regard to their biodiversity. In October 2008, certain ponds 

located in the Tommelen natural reserve (region of Hasselt, Belgium) were dredged using mechanical shovels. Part of the dredged swamps was then planted. The 

EVA department measured the microbial activity in the dredged ponds (planted or not) as well as in “control” ponds that had undergone no treatment. For this purpose, 

samples were drawn after the dredging in November 2008, and seven months after the dredging, in June 2009. The laboratory analyses should be completed by the 

end of January 2010. Moreover, the analyses of samples collected in 2008 during a campaign that included Belgian and Luxembourg territories should also be completed. 

Coupled with the efforts of the Belgian teams to identify the plants and animals collected in the ponds, this work should lead to the construction of databases 

of considerable size that will be analyzed in 2010 with the help of multi-dimensional statistical tools and neural nets.


1POSE 

Title 

A proteomic approach to the study of somatic 

embryogenesis in oak 

Fields 

plant molecular biology, proteomics, transcriptomics, 

“systems biology” 

Partners 

• ARC Seibersdorf Research GmbH (AT) 

• Environment and Life Sciences, department 

of Biotechnology (AT) 



Period 




Subject 

Reforestation programmes are based on broad leaf species. With the area covered by oak trees estimated at 2,580,000 ha, this species is of primary importance for 

forest environment. Moreover, in many countries seeking to reestablish the primary forest, the oak is considered a dominant species, which means that it is the most 

widely planted forest tree. However, the decline of the oak and its poor natural regeneration capacity mean that it is considered to be a threatened species. 

Selection and crossing programmes are generally well suited to improving most forest species, but they require long-term investments due to the high generation 

time of these species, and the resistance of the seeds to prolonged storage. For the oak tree, these constraints are a tangible hindrance to its improvement, but they 

could be overcome through the use of somatic embryogenesis. 

The POSE project has two major objectives: 

• the mapping of the genetic variation of the populations by means of in vitro culturing; 

• the characterization of the oak tree’s proteome. To this end, this study will include transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics as applied to plants subjected 

to hydric stress in a greenhouse. 

Results 

During this research project, experiments on the application of hydric constraints in a controlled setting were carried out on oak trees around 10 years old. The morphological 

modifications brought about by this drought were studied at the Seibersdorf Research Centre (Austria). The primary and secondary metabolites caused by 

the stress were identified and quantified. One of the challenges that was met included optimizing the separation and identification techniques for proteins, given that 

the oak tree is relatively far from the model species; as such, specific protocols had to be developed and optimized at the start of the project. This made it possible 

to carry out a comparison of the proteomes of the oak over three years of growth and exposure to drought, and to treat a large number of samples in order to identify 

the differentially expressed proteins subsequent to hydric stress in this species. The results brought to light many modifications in the cellular enzymatic machinery 

of the leaf under the effect of the constraint. The effects were most pronounced on the level of energy production. A modification of the primary metabolism that can 

be explained by, amongst other things, the implementation of various reactions intended to use cellular water in a rational manner.


1POTIRON 

Title 

Study of potato genetic material with increased 

stress resistance and iron bioavailability 

Fields 

plant molecular biology, proteomics, 

food processing, bioinformatics, nutrition 

Partner 

Centre International de la Pomme 

de Terre (CIP, Pérou) 



Period 

July 2009 - December 2012 



Subject 

The potato is an important component of our food supply. It is rich in vitamin C, proteins, fibres, antioxidants and minerals such as iron and zinc. In many regions of the 

world, there are iron deficiencies if the iron provided by food is not sufficient to meet the needs. It is therefore important to either consume foods that are sufficiently 

rich in iron, or to increase the bioavailability of iron. The project targets a study of the accumulation of iron in the plant, as well as its absorption by man, through bioavailability 

studies that involve cell culture studies. In an initial step, molecular and proteomic studies will attempt to find genes and proteins likely to play a role in the 

tuber’s iron accumulation phenomenon. Thereafter, a cellular model will be used in order to study the iron bioavailability. Moreover, the impact of factors influencing 

iron absorption will be studied, such as phenolic compounds or even vitamin C. 

Results 

Initially, the plant material intended for studies on the iron dosages, studies of the genes and proteins involved in the iron accumulation in the tuber and bioavailability 

studies was selected in collaboration with a partner, namely the International Potato Centre. As such, several clones poor and rich in iron were selected in order to 

have contrasting material in terms of iron accumulation. This material is currently in the fields in Peru, and will be harvested and then sent to the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann 

for analysis.


1PROTEOCAM 

Title 

Contribution to the proteomic study of the poplar 

cambium submitted to environmental constraints 

Fields 

plant biology, proteomics, biotechnologies 

Partners 

• Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 

(Station d’Orléans, F) 

• Université d’Orléans (F) 



Period 




Subject 

In the last century, the quantity of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by 25%, leading to a parallel increase of the planet’s average temperature. The 

increase of these two parameters is beneficial to all of the biochemical reactions that occur within plant cells. This research project targets an understanding of the 

effect of various environmental constraints on the production of biomass from a rapid growth ligneous species. Indeed, silviculture uses quick growth trees that are 

not always adapted to unfavourable conditions. The poplar is one of the main rapid growth ligneous species used in forestry. Various techniques are used in order to 

describe the poplar’s physiological response on the cambium level under the various envisaged constraints. This initial aspect is combined with an in-depth proteomic 

approach. Indeed, the search for differentially expressed proteins during these various stresses makes it possible to identify the genes specific to them. These various 

characterizations should make it possible to determine this forest species’ tolerance biomarkers relative to thermal, mineral or hydric constraints. 


Results 

The inducible tolerance mechanisms of plants under stress were studied using a physiological approach combined with a proteomic analysis. Populus tremula x P. 

alba genotype 717-1B4 plants were exposed to several constraints in a phytotronic room: 

• ground containing significant concentrations of Cd 2+ or Zn 2+ ; 

• drought caused by a lack of watering; 

• a thermal constraint by sudden or gradual temperature increase from 22 to 42°C. 

The physiological parameters of the plants were monitored during the treatments as well as during the recovery period that followed the hydric and thermal constraints. 

The stress response was characterized by these physiological parameters and by the changes of the proteomic profiles of the leaf tissue and of the cambial 

zone. The common and individual aspects of the stress induced by each constraint were described. By enhancing the knowledge regarding the range of responses 

of ligneous species, the data gathered during this study contribute to determining the frontier between genetic stress and more specific responses. They also provide 

elements in response to the use of the poplar for the phytoremediation of grounds polluted by metals. This project resulted in the presentation of Thomas Durand’s 

doctoral thesis at the University of Orléans in December 2009.


1PROTHEART 

Title 

Identification of new biomarkers of cardiac 

arrest by proteomic analysis of plasma proteins 

Fields 

Biomethods, proteomics, Cardiovascular 

markers 

Partner 

CRP - Santé 


Torsten Bohn 

Yvan Devaux (CRP - Santé) 

Period 




Subject 

Cardiac arrest (CA) resulting from a myocardial infarction (MI) is becoming a major public health problem, though the proportions of patients dying during this acute 

phase of a MI has dropped as a result of reperfusion therapies. However, there are still patients who die after a cardiac arrest, which now represents a significant 

cause of death in Luxembourg. As such, the identification of patients at risk of developing a cardiac arrest after a MI is crucial. In 2006, the cardiology department of 

the Luxembourg hospital centre gathered more than 250 patients into a national register of patients having suffered an acute MI, known as the LUCKY register. During 

preliminary studies, new markers of the risk of heart stoppage after a myocardial infarction, such as matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), were identified in biological 

fluids. The aim is now to determine, using proteomic studies, the degree of involvement of these markers in the occurrence of cardiac arrests. To this end, the expression 

of various proteins will be characterized within the framework of an acute myocardial infarction in order to determine the ones that are differentially expressed 

in a patient having suffered a cardiac arrest. The postulate is that there are differentially regulated proteins between patients who have reacted to the treatment well, 

and patients who have suffered a cardiac arrest. Thereafter, the use of biomarkers could help to prepare a preventive health follow-up for patients having suffered a 

myocardial infarction. 


Results 

Thirty-four patients with differing responses to a MI were selected for an initial series of experiments. The first challenge was to eliminate the proteins that are abundant 

and of no interest, and that result from blood plasma, such as albumin, that covers the proteins that are of interest during the 2-D-DIGE separation. As such, the 

research team applied a pre-processing to plasma samples, using a protein depletion kit in order to eliminate the albumin. The samples were then desalinated, precipitated 

and marked with a fluorescent marker, before separation by 2D-DIGE. Using fluorescence, the expression was compared with control samples. The results 

indicated that the depletion was efficient, but not entirely satisfactory. As such, additional tests are underway in order to improve the elimination of the most abundant 

proteins. Similarly, elimination of denatured plasma proteins will be attempted as an alternative, in order to avoid the loss of potentially interesting proteins.


1RAINCELL 

Title 

Use of cell phone networks for rainfall estimation 

in the city of Luxembourg 

Fields 

hydrology, hydrological modelling, meteorology, 

Weather Radar, Telecommunication 

Partners 

• Entreprise des Postes et Télécommunications (L) 

• Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique (B) 



Period 




Subject 

The precise forecast of rainfall heights is of crucial importance in the study and forecasting of the behaviour of hydrosystems, notably in an urban setting. Currently, 

precipitation is measured primarily by networks of automated rainfall stations. Nevertheless, this approach includes significant sources of uncertainties as a result of 

the phenomenon’s considerable spatial variability, that is difficult to take into account with these isolated readings. A new measurement technique based on the use 

of microwave radio relay antennas is being explored as part of the RAINCELL project. The waves transmitted by these antennas undergo disturbances according to 

the nature and intensity of the precipitation. The project is intended to study and assess the potential and complementary nature of the measurement of precipitation 

falling on the City of Luxembourg by means of recording rain gauges, the IRM meteorological radar located in Wideumont (B) and the telecommunication antennas 

of the Entreprise des Postes et Télécommunications (L). 



Results 

The project is studying the potential of microwave radio relay beams for the high temporal and spatial resolution measurement of rain falling on the City of Luxembourg. 

To this end, two microwave radio relay systems were installed on the city’s territory in 2009. Ten recording rain gauges were also installed along these two 

beams in order to validate the measurements supplied by the microwave beams and the meteorological radar in Wideumont (B).The initial data provided by the 

microwave radio relay beams confirm the high sensitivity to changing meteorological conditions and, more specifically, to the intensity of the precipitation (liquid and 

solid). The measurements gathered in 2010 will firstly be used to refine the initial relations established between the disturbances suffered by the microwave radio relay 

beams under the effect of precipitation and, secondly, to assess the potential of this information for improving the modelling of urban hydrosystems, that are known 

to have extremely quick reaction times.


1 

REARISK 

Title 

Realistic risk characterization of contaminants 

mixtures associated with sediment 

Fields 

risk assessment, laboratory tests, 

toxicity of mixtures 

Partner 

Université de Wageningen 

(Section Toxicologie, NL) 


Arno Gutleb 

Period 

January 2009 – December 2011 



Subject 

The available risk assessment protocols based on individual compounds do not allow the inclusion of factors that could play a role in underestimating and/or overestimating 

the mixture risk. Consequently, a framework must be developed by combining practical and theoretical approaches in order to assess the potential risk of 

mixtures of contaminants. The exposure to mixtures of contaminants can be direct, for example via contact in sediment, or indirect via the food chain. Both environmental 

mixtures and foodstuffs must be taken into account. Underestimation (ignored effects of mixtures of contaminants and of their metabolites) or overestimation 

(often ignored supramaximal effects) of the risk are undesirable. 

By developing and validating a series of methods, it will be possible to assess the toxicity potential of each of the compounds and mixtures by the application of bioanalysis 

while using in vitro biological tests in order to study the general or specific toxicity. 

The newly developed tools will be applied to extracts of contaminants drawn from foods and sediment. Should the toxic power of the total mixtures of contaminants 

be uninterpretable, a fracturing of the total extract will be performed. As such, the most toxic fraction will be analyzed in order to explain any differences. 


Results 

A bibliographical search focusing on the exposure to contaminants in sediment, water and aquatic organisms (most notably fish) was carried out in an effort to examine 

the traditional exposure levels, as well as the trends of the contaminants in the sediment and organisms. The preparation of stably transfected cellular lineages 

makes it possible to assess the oestrogenic and dioxin-type power of the compounds, both individually and in mixtures. New methods for separating metabolites 

from their native compounds were developed in order to specifically test the toxic power of contaminants. Also, the recovery rate of a standard PCB (polychlorinated 

biphenyl) and of a standard PCB-OH (metabolite) was determined, and a stable method was developed in order to eliminate the jointly extracted fatty acids, known 

to interfere in biological tests.


1 

RECALCMS 

Title 

Technical improvements for analysis 

of recalcitrant proteins by LC-MS 

Field 

Proteomics 

Partners 

• Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 

(Station de Dijon, F) 

• Université de Bourgogne, Dijon (F) 


Jenny Renaut 

Period 




Subject 

Various types of membranes play a crucial role in the set-up and operation of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis both in the microsymbiont and in the plant host. 

This symbiosis improves the growth of plants that are growing in ground contaminated by heavy metals, namely Cd, by providing them with toxicity protection. One 

of the challenges of membrane proteomics is to combine the extraction and identification methods best suited to the biological model to the development of sturdy 

quantification techniques in order to be able to compare different conditions. This project’s objective is to set up a sub-cellular proteomic approach in order to analyze 

modifications to the microsomal proteome in response to the Cd in Medicago truncatula, whether colonized or not by the fungus Glomus intraradices. This is done 

while using the “label-free” technique that makes it possible to access the relative quantification of the expression of the proteins in various conditions while bypassing 

the high cost of quantitative methods that use isotopic labelling. 


Results 

The experiments carried out during this first year of the project focused on setting up sub-cellular fractionating intended to obtain radicular fractions enhanced with 

microsomal proteins, and on analyzing them using proteomic methods that are compatible with label-free quantification. The employed differential centrifuge protocol 

made it possible to gather radicular fractions enhanced with membrane proteins relative to the results obtained by western-blot while using marking antibodies of 

different cellular compartments. At the same time, this result was confirmed by the analyses of membrane proteins of M. truncatula roots, colonized and not by the 

fungus, using LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF. As part of the large-scale study of the microsomal proteins of M. truncatula, quantitatively modified in response to the symbiosis, 

two proteomic analysis strategies likely to bypass the biases resulting from bidimensional electrophoresis were tested. The two approaches GeLC-MS/MS and OGE- 

LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF are used in order to analyze the proteinaceous composition of the obtained microsomal fractions.


1 

RENAT 

Title 

Impacts of renaturations on the plant 

communities in alluvial zones 

Fields 

hydrology, hydraulics, ecology 

Partner 

Université de Metz (F) 



Period 




Subject 

Human activities often lead to significant environmental changes. A major challenge facing ecological research at present is predicting the impact of these changes 

on biodiversity. Within alluvial prairies, the various communities of plants are distributed along a hydric gradient, which is primarily characterized by a progressive 

increase of the flooding duration and frequency. Certain alterations or works can considerably alter the alluvial plain’s flood regime. The effects of such modifications 

on the floristic diversity of flood prairies is still little understood. The objectives of this project therefore include an understanding of the ecological operation of alluvial 

prairies in undisturbed condition, and to assess the impact on the floristic composition of these settings resulting from a change of the hydric regime. 

Results 

An in situ study (Alzette alluvial plain, Schifflange renatured zone) was undertaken in order to analyze the specific and functional diversity of an alluvial prairie along a 

flood gradient, with the latter being characterized by piezometric and topographical measurements. One hundred and thirty-five flora readings were carried out along 

transects parallel to the flood gradient, and served to highlight the ecological amplitude of 51 species. The functional diversity was then studied by measuring various 

plant functional traits along the gradient, on inter- and intraspecific scales. The results indicate that the overall variability of the various traits measured along the gradient 

is primarily due its intraspecific component. The phenotypical plasticity of the organisms is therefore a very important biological parameter in the organization of 

plant communities along flood gradients. The past year was primarily devoted to studying the inter- and intraspecific variations of biochemical traits, in particular of the 

proteome, along the flood gradient. The two studied species (Rumex crispus and Rumex acetosa) are close on a phylogenetic level. Though these two species have 

a broad ecological amplitude along the flood gradient, R. crispus has a more significant flood tolerance than R. acetosa. An analysis of the differential expression of 

proteins in these two species provides interesting information relative to their responses along the gradient, while reflecting their evolutionary past. The project ended 

with the defence of a doctoral thesis at the University of Metz.


1 

REPROSENS 

Title 

Recalibration of a process based biosphere 

model using multitemporal remote sensing 

imagery for continuous net ecosystem exchange 

estimations in Luxembourg 

Fields 

environmental modelling, Multitemporal remote 

sensing, carbon dioxide fixation 

Partner 

Agence Spatiale Européenne 



Period 




Subject 

For ecological models, precise estimates of the biophysical variables and of their spatial and temporal distribution represent significant entry data. They are necessary 

in order to establish the interactions between the ground surface and the climate, as well as between the energy balance and the hydrological and biochemical cycles. 

These models require spatially distributed information on the vegetation, the ground and the climate, information that can be provided by Earth Observation (EO) 

images. The project’s objective is to determine the Net Primary Production (NPP) within the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, by making complementary use of remote 

sensing, that makes it possible to obtain surface and status parameters of the atmosphere, and of biophysical modelling. The available EO information comes from 

a rich and varied collection, acquired thanks to access to the archives of the ESA (ESA-CAT1), to the SPOT Vegetation, MODIS and Landsat data, as well as to the 

CARBOEUROPE and FLUXNET data. In terms of modelling, the project benefits from the results of the WRF and WRF-CHEM models. 

Results 

In 2008, the study focused on the calibration of the BIOME-BGC model, for the various biomes identified within Luxembourg. The results were then compared with 

the data produced by the MODIS MOD17 products. 

This year, the decision was taken to program a campaign during the summer, in order to carry out biome measurements. It was carried out on the experimental lands 

of the Agriculture Technical Services Administration (ASTA) in Kehlen, Useldange, Marnach and Pletschterhaff. 

It was thus possible to determine, for each parcel, the biophysical parameters (LAI, GPP, NPP) and meteorological conditions, as well as the spectroscopic properties 

of the vegetation and of the additional variables on the ground. In parallel, a new biophysical model was studied. This is the ORCHIDEE (orchid) model, developed by 

the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace in Gif-sur-Yvette (France). One of this model’s main advantages is that it allows for the simple construction of biophysical modules 

for the exchange of simulated elements with real data. The model is currently undergoing calibration for the climatological data produced by the Weather Research 

and Forecasting (WRF) model, and for the spatial distribution of vegetation in Luxembourg and in central Europe.


1 

RESAVE 

Title 

Potential market of space based real time video 

imaging applications 

Fields 

Earth observation, telecommunications 

Partner 

LuxSpace 



Period 

October 2009 - April 2010 



Subject 

After Luxembourg joined the ESA (European Space Agency) and in an effort to promote activities in the field of space, the Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 

decided to initiate the LuxLaunch programme. As part of this research programme, the Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann and the company 

LuxSpace are studying the potential of a real-time video satellite system. This new interactive Earth Observatory system will be based on video images that can be 

accessed and are available without delay. It will be possible for the user to interactively and immediately redirect the direction of the unit’s observation. This satellite 

will have the following main advantages: 

• on-demand selection of objects and/or areas of interest; 

• the possibility of focusing on a fixed point for a duration of 200 seconds; 

• a real-time acquisition mode; 

• a dynamic resolution of 3 m (high resolution) or 60 m (low resolution). 

A prototype for an identical system has already been developed by the Berlin TU. 

RESAVE is a project focusing on an assessment of the potential of this specific micro-satellite, through the completion of a market study. It primarily targets the potential 

scientific users of such a system, i.e. researchers and engineers working for organizations, research institutes and universities. 

Results 

To begin with, potential users of such technology were sent a questionnaire in order to gather their comments. In the end, 449 people working in 222 organizations 

were contacted by e-mail. The return rate was 16%. Maximum coverage was targeted for the geographical distribution. The contacted persons represented 48 different 

nationalities, of which 23 were represented in the respondents. 

Many countries neighbouring or adjoining Luxembourg took part in the study, but particular note must also be taken of the significant contribution of the Canadian 

scientific community, which expressed its enthusiasm regarding this concept. 

Regarding the market study’s conclusions, the following points can be made from the scientific community’s viewpoint: 

• systems of this type have many applications, primarily in the domains of assessing natural and industrial risks, inspections, security, civil protection and transportation; 

• approximately 60% of the poll respondents felt that the project is both useful and innovative; 

• approximately 40% of them wish to be kept informed of the project’s sequels, and are interested in a collaboration.


1RHEINBLICK2050 

Title 

Development of joint climate and discharge 

projections for the international Rhine River 

catchment 

Fields 

Hydrometeorology, climate change impact, 

numerical modelling, regional atmospheric 

models, scale transfers, hydrological modelling 

Partners 

• Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde (D) 

• Bundesamt für Umwelt (CH) 

• Cemagref Centre d’Antony (F) 

• Deltares (NL) 

• Hessisches Landesamt für Umwelt 

und Geologie (D) 

• International Commission for the Hydrology 

of the Rhine basin (CHR, NL) 

• Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch 

Instituut (NL) 

• Rijkswaterstaat Centre 

for Watermanagement (NL) 


Klaus Görgen 

Period 




Subject 

A future climate change will bring about an increase of the variability of the climatic system, that will amongst other things result from a change of the frequency and 

intensity of extreme meteorological events as well as from considerable changes to large-scale precipitation regimes. Linked with this are modifications to the flowmetering 

and hydraulic regimes, with variable repercussions for natural and man-made systems. In this context, the managers need adequate adaptation strategies. 

The project’s objective is therefore to develop, using common conceptual bases, consistent climatic and flow-metering projections for the Rhine’s watersheds. Regional 

climate change projections are used as an override for hydrological and hydraulic models. Their outputs will be subject to advanced analyses on the extremes 

and uncertainties. 

Results 

A series of very complete regional climatic projections, largely based on the data produced by the FP6 ENSEMBLES project, was produced. The main analyses 

related to the average flows of waterways, and on peak flows and low water flows. More in-depth studies were carried out regarding the aptitude of the modelling 

chain, the bias correction methods and the sturdiness of the models. Negotiations with the managers from the International Commission for the Protection of the 

Rhine (ICPR) focused on optimizing the use of the lessons learned within the framework of this project. A final report should be produced in the spring of 2010. Other 

publications relating to more specific aspects of the study will follow during the year.


1SAROTEC 

Title 

Demonstrating the potential of new multi-sensor 

SAR observational techniques for enhanced 

global flood monitoring 

Fields 

radar remote sensing, flood mapping 

Partner 

Service Régional de Traitement d’Image et de 

Télédétection (F) 



Period 

August 2009 - July 2010 



Subject 

The appearance of new radar satellite constellations (e.g. Sentinel-1) and the emergence of ever more powerful IT resources are allowing for the supply of unprecedented 

volumes of Earth observation data. This progress makes it possible to envisage the systematic and overall surveillance of water resources and, in particular, 

of floods. Funded by the European Space Agency (ESA), the SAROTEC study is intended to contribute to the creation of new mapping concepts for floods, based on 

radar imaging. The development of algorithms allowing for an automatic delimitation of floods would provide an essential component of such a surveillance service 

based on spatial remote sensing. 

Results 

EVA proposes a hybrid method based both on radiometric thresholding and on modelling by active contours, thereby providing an approach for the automatic, objective 

and reliable mapping of the extent of floods on the basis of radar images. The method is based on the calibration of a statistical distribution of the backscatter 

values corresponding with the “water” pixels in a remote sensing image. Radiometric thresholding provides the seed region needed for the modelling by means of 

active contours. The sequencing of these two steps ensures the identification of all flood zones visible in a remote sensing image. If images acquired before the flood 

are available, the team proposes the detection of a change between two images as an additional processing step that will serve to better differentiate flood zones and 

permanent waters. Finally, two post-processing steps are suggested in order to remove part of the over-detection. In particular, the integration of the hydrographic 

network’s a priori knowledge is supposed to highlight the flooded areas that are not directly linked to the main waterway and that originate with a resurgence of underground 

waters and/or an infiltration deficit, rather than any river overflowing.


1SCALE 

Title 

Scale dependency of runoff generation 

Fields 

hydrology, effects of scale, runoff process, 

tracers, residence time, modelling 

Partners 

• UNESCO-IHE (NL) 

• Université Technique de Delft (NL) 



Period 

August 2007 - July 2010 



Subject 

Historically, the advances made with regard to hydrological processes that generate runoff have been carried out on experimental plots, slopes or basic watersheds, 

while decisions regarding land development and flood wave predictions are necessarily carried out using much larger spatial scales. Research carried out in nesting 

watersheds of different sizes in an effort to resolve the difficulties related to these scale aspects are quite rare. In order to develop simple rain-flow models for operational 

applications, it is necessary to understand and quantify the spatial dependency of the dominant runoff generating processes. 

The general objective of this research is to study the dominant processes in everything from basic watersheds to basins covering an area of 1000 km 2 within a system 

of nested experimental basins in Luxembourg, by means of natural tracers and hydrological models. In the end, the idea is to determine what degree of complexity 

and heterogeneousness is required on the level of prediction models on much larger spatial scales. 


Results 

In 2009, the water sampling protocol for various waterways in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg was continued. On a biweekly basis, water samples were drawn from 

approximately 30 limnimetric stations and 19 rainfall stations, covering various spatial scales. Moreover, samplings on an exacting temporal scale were carried out on 

eight limnimetric observation sites in the Attert basin. All of the samples underwent analyses relating to stable isotopes, as well as various geochemical elements. The 

data gathered in this manner are used in order to study how the spatial / temporal dynamics of the tracers, the hydrological response of the basins and the analysis 

of the physio-geographical conditions help to identify dominant controls on the production of runoff at various spatial and temporal scales.


1SECAL-GC 

Title 

GC-MS/MS analysis of traces residues in the 

food chain. 

Fields 

biotechnologies, public health, food safety, 

trace analysis 


Cédric Guignard 

Period 

July 2009 - June 2012 



Subject 

Food scandals (ESB, listeriosis, dioxin, etc.) have in recent years prompted increased awareness both amongst the public authorities and within the agro-food sector: 

a single grain of sand can derail the entire production chain, damage companies, tarnish a country’s image and erode consumer confidence. Moreover, these 

scandals affect a sensitive and symbolic point: our food. 

This project’s objective is to reinforce and complete the range of skills and expertise in the area of quality control and safety of the food chain, with the ultimate aim 

of putting these skills in the service of the agro-food sector. 

More specifically, this involves completing the equipment of the EVA department’s analytical chemistry platform with gaseous chromatography coupled with triple 

quadripole double mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). In recent years, such equipment has been specially developed in order to improve the analytical performances 

in environmental and agro-food domains. 

The GC-MS/MS is particularly suitable for quantifying volatile or semi-volatile compounds in complex matrices such as agro-food samples. 


Results 

The project’s first phase involves defining the analytical needs within the agro-food sector in order to prepare the specifications for the purchase of a gaseous phase 

chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometry. For this purpose, a public submission file has been prepared.


1SEFI 

Title 

Characterization and quantification of the origins 

of river sediment and of the associated phosphorus, 

in rural watershed. Application of the 

quantitative method consisting of physical and 

chemical fingerprints. 

Fields 

stream deposits, erosion, physical and chemical 

fingerprints, phosphorus, sediment sources 

Partners 

• Université de Barcelone (SP) 

• Université d’Exeter (UK) 


• University of Northern British Columbia (CA) 


Andreas Krein 

Period 

July 2005 - June 2009 



Subject 

Stream deposits and the various substances associated with solid transport constitute one of the main categories of chemical pollution in water. The objective of 

this project is to study the origin and transport of sediment in a lotic environment, and more particularly, of the phosphor linked to suspended solids. Recent studies 

carried out in a rural environment in Luxembourg showed that the fraction of phosphor corresponding with P-particulate is largely dominant in the balance sheet of 

annual exports. However, the identification of the origin and sharing of the various sources of sediment and of particulate phosphor is a key factor in minimizing the 

contributions. In this project, the approach involves applying the quantitative technique consisting of physical and chemical fingerprints. This involves typifying the 

various source-compartments (erosion of the banks, surface erosion with agricultural or forest occupation) thanks to the use of several biogeochemical tracers (C, N, 

P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, Ni, 137-Cs, 210-Pb). A multivariate statistical verification step will allow for a quantitative allocation of the compartments of origin. 

The study involves watersheds representing Luxembourg’s main geological substrates. 

Results 

The quantitative method consisting of physicochemical footprints, applied to the Attert catchment area in 2007, was long and expensive. As such, a new determination 

method based on the measurement of the spectral reflectivity of the samples was developed in 2008. Its methodology has been validated and the obtained results 

have proven its potential in terms of profitability. This method’s application also made it possible to determine the main sedimentation sources for three elementary 

sub-watersheds of the Attert. Moreover, the instrumentation and sampling of several sub-basins also showed that more sediment comes from sub-basins located in 

the south (sandstone and marl) as opposed to ones in the north (schist). However, considerable uncertainties remain with the tracing of sediments. Their quantification 

by means of multivariate mixture models served to indicate that the main source of uncertainty is the spatial distribution of the tracers, while the number and type of 

tracers used in the model only play a minor role.


1SENSORLUX 

Title 

Environmental contamination monitoring 

and human exposure to noroviruses in 

Luxembourg 

Fields 

Clinical Microbiology, Environmental 

Microbiology 

Partners 





Period 

January 2008 - March 2010 



Subject 

Norovirus (NoV) is one of the main causes of gastroenteric infection in developed countries. Patients generally develop self-limiting acute gastroenteritis, this virus 

is of particular risk to fragile persons such as children, the elderly and immunodeficient individuals. The project’s objective is to develop a molecular surveillance of 

Norovirus infections in Luxembourg, within the population, food and environment. 


Results 

The surveillance of NoV in the environment continued until June 2009, at the level of the inlet to three wastewater purification stations (Beggen, Schifflange and 

Pétange). In all, 82 samples were collected. Genogroup II NoV were detected in 80 samples out of 82 (97%), whereas 36 samples were positive for genogroup I 

(44%). The results obtained at the various sampling points were combined for each date, and the temporal dynamics of the virus’ appearance were analyzed. The 

highest concentrations of genogroup I NoV (on average 2.9 log PDU/100 ml) were recorded in January. The lowest concentrations were seen in the period from April 

to June (0.2 log PDU/100 ml). The same temporal trends were recorded for genogroup II. The highest concentrations were observed in February (5.2 log PDU/100 

ml). The lowest concentrations of genogroup II NoV were seen in the period from April to June (3.4 log PDU/100 ml). A comparison of the diversity encountered in the 

environmental and clinical samples is currently underway.


1STRESSPOT 

Title 

Study of Proteins and Carbohydrates linked to 

abiotic stress underlying cryopreservation in 

potato 

Fields 

plant biology, proteomics, biotechnologies 

Partner 

Université Catholique de Louvain (KUL, B) 



Period 




Subject 

The preferred method for the long-term conservation of plant genetic resources is cryoconservation, i.e. conservation at ultra-low temperatures in liquid nitrogen 

(-196°C). Under these conditions, all biological, biochemical and physical processes are stopped. However, the large-scale use of cryoconservation suffers from the 

lack of standardized methods. As such, only a fraction of the plant gene pool is conserved using this technique. This research project concentrates on modifications 

of the proteinaceous patterns associated with the cryoconservation tolerance of potatoes. Initially, this will lead to a better understanding of the tolerance for dehydration, 

a phenomenon that is closely associated with the cryoconservation technique. Thereafter, the studies will concentrate on the primary metabolism and responses 

caused by the environmental changes related to the preparation of plants, namely a hydric constraint and negative temperatures. Within this framework, a proteomic 

study and a follow-up of the metabolites involved in the plant’s energy metabolism will be carried out. 


Results 

In 2009, with the first equipment exchanges between the KUL and the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann completed, the first multiplications of potato strains by in vitro growing 

were initiated. A certain number of methodological developments were also expanded upon. The initial tests of the pre-existing protocols for potato cryoconservation 

are quite promising.


1TOCYA 

Title 

Polyphasic taxonomy of toxic freshwater 

Cyanobacteria 

Fields 

cyanobacteria, taxonomy, cyanotoxins, 

Water Management 

Partner 

Université d’Innsbruck (AT) 



Period 

May 2008 - April 2011 



Subject 

In our regions, Anabaena represents one of the most significant genera of cyanobacteria that is capable of developing toxic algae blooms on the surface of certain 

watercourses (e.g. the Haute-Sûre reservoir). This cyanobacteria genus is characterized by considerable morphological variability that brings to light various morphotypes: 

straight or spiralling filaments, more or less compacted and also distinguished on the level of the thickness of the trichome. Many phylogenetic studies based on 

morphological and morphometric characterizations according to the traditional classification, on the one hand, and studies that use genetic information, on the other 

hand, have led to controversial and even contradictory results on the classification level. This project’s objective is to clarify the classification within the Anabaena genus 

in order to be able to explain this discrepancy between the genetic and phenotypic approaches. In this context, a polyphasic study on the morphological, genetic 

and proteomic levels will be carried out in order to improve the differentiation of various Anabaena morphotypes. 


Results 

Since the start of July, samples have been taken at various points of the Esch-sur-Sûre barrier lake and its pre-dams. Various strains of the Anabaena genus were 

then able to be isolated in uni-cyanobacterial cultures. In addition, the collection of strains isolated in Luxembourg was completed by strains obtained from several 

foreign collections. Microscope analysis of the strains indicated the presence of several interesting morphotypes for taxonomic analysis. The initial analyses carried 

out on whole cells using the MALDI-Tof/Tof indicate that this tool is promising for the molecular characterization of strains for taxonomic purposes.


1 

XENEAU 

Title 

Monitoring, assessing and modelling 

concentrations and fluxes of xenobiotics in 

Luxembourgish water courses 

Fields 

environmental chemistry, analytical chemistry, 

hydrology 

Partners 

• Aalborg University (DK) 

• TU Berlin (D) 

• Flemish institute for technological research 

(VITO,B) 


Andreas Krein 

Period 

Janvuary 2009 - December 2010 



Subject 

The concentration and transport of xenobiotics in surface waters is dependent, on the one hand, on hydrological conditions that include rain and pipe overflows, and 

on the other hand on the properties of the substances, their absorption and their deterioration into one or more metabolites. The behaviour and ecological impact of 

most xenobiotics, including endocrine disruptors, are only partially known. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge on the impact of xenobiotics on living beings. The 

project’s purpose is to make the public aware of the presence of certain emerging substances while providing technical protocols (analytical methods), a surveillance 

strategy (under low water and flood conditions), analytical results for Luxembourg and information on the processes at play (leaching phenomena and calculations 

of the flows of molecules). 


Results 

The development of a single method for the extraction of sulphonamides, tetracyclines, hormones and anti-inflammatories on HLB cartridges has proven to be a 

true improvement relative to the existing methods, that employed extraction by families of molecules. The development of a simple to implement “multi-residue” SPE 

method results in a savings of time and solvent, but with comparable performances. As such, this LC/MS-MS method is well suited for monitoring the progress of 

xenobiotics from the outlets of purification stations to the receiving environments. 

The various anthropogenic sources of xenobiotics show a strong variation in space and time, primarily as a result of the characteristics of the rain and of its distribution, 

as well as the properties of the piping (i.e. its retention capacity). As part of the project, yeast cultures are used in order to detect the possible presence of 

molecules within oestrogenic activity within the samples. Biological analyses have brought to light oestrogenic activity rates that can have harmful effects on the 

reproduction of aquatic fauna over the long term.


1 



ACORA 

AGIMO III 

AGIMO IV 

ATLAS 

BD_SOL 

CADRAL III 

COVIN 

ETUDE CVCE 

ETUDE ESA-ESRIN 

FORMINITIALE II 

FORMINITIALE III 

GESCYCO 

INFODEM III 

INFODEM IV 

INTEGRA II 

INTEGRA III 

INTEGRA IV 

IPROC 

IPROME 

MASDAM 

MASDAM II 

MENFPS-ETUDE 

P-COM II 

P-COM III 

P-COM IV 

PROD-AUTO 

SOFTWARE TEST BENCH II 

SPLIT 

TIMSOA 

TIVIPOL 

VIEW 

VISCO 

VISILUX 

VISILUX II


1ACORA 

Title 

Administrative and regulation knowledge for the 

processing and the validation of benefit requests 

Fields 

Informatic cooperation, knowledge database 

systems, computerized validation processes, 

decision support, operational simulation and 

planning tools 

Partner 

Caisse Nationale des Prestations Familiales 

(CNPF) 


Thomas Tamisier (CRP - Gabriel Lippmann) 

Claude Nicolas (CNPF) 

Period 

March 2009 - March 2011 



Subject 

This project is a continuing part of the partnership with the Caisse Nationale des Prestations familiales (CNPF; Eng: National family allowances fund) that resulted in 

the production of the Cadral software tool for handling benefit applications. 

Cadral is a tailor-made decision-assistance system designed and developed for the needs of the CNPF, that is used to automatically compose a detailed acceptance 

or refusal response to an application for family benefits. The previous tasks covered all of the design, implementation and pre-production testing phases of the Cadral 

system. Active partnership with the CNPF was necessary in order to model a significant part of the legislation, to validate the simulation using representative test 

samples, and to define and organize the precise usage functionalities. 

The continuation of this collaboration focuses on the practical use of Cadral within the CNPF. Its aim is to complete the population of the legal knowledge base, to 

develop the ergonomics of the various tools, to ensure the integration of Cadral into the CNPF’s processing chain and to accompany the progressive commissioning 

of this new system as a collaborative daily working tool. 

Results 

The initial tasks involve developing user modules for the tailor-made Cadral system according to the CNPF’s needs. These modules include an editor (CadralEditor) 

used to model the system’s legal knowledge, as well as a simulator (CadralWeb) used for processing. Designed for collaborative work, these tools must manage 

several user roles with associated rights. 

On the basis of these tools, future developments will make it possible to completely integrate the Cadral technology into the computerized processing chain at the 

CNPF.


1AGIMO III 

Title 

Agile development methods and monitoring of 

electronic collaborations applied to the CNPF’s 

payment procedures 

Fields 

architecture of integration and cooperation platforms, 

CSCW, agile programming techniques 

and concepts, upgradeable programming, monitoring 

and management of production applications 

Partner 


(CNPF) 


Pascal Bauler (CRP - Gabriel Lippmann) 


Period 

June 2008 - May 2010 



Subject 

AGIMO III continues to study the complexity of the organization and management of IT projects intended to meet the needs of end users. In this project, ISC will 

analyze the development process within the concrete framework of the family benefit payments made by the CNPF, by applying agile programming approaches. This 

programming approach will be adapted to the specifics of small and medium-sized companies and government agencies. 

In concrete terms, the CNPF is planning to set up a new computerized system in order to manage family benefit payments. This system is based on the solution developed 

as part of the AGIMO I and II projects and has been extended to be able to take in the management of the family benefits for Luxembourg citizens. As part 

of this work, the impact of the ramp-up on the IT architecture of the underlying application will be studied, which also makes it possible to analyze the switch from a 

functional prototype to a production application operated in a critical context. 

Results 

During the AGIMO III project, the results of the AGIMO II project were reviewed for their development. The Agimo system has been systematically extended to facilitate 

and stabilize its operation in a critical context. During this stabilization and optimization phase, certain system weaknesses were detected and eliminated. 

To secure the current system’s stability and flexibility, the project team had to acquire advanced skills with the technologies involved. These efforts will be put to good 

use when the system is extended to take into account all of the family benefits managed by the CNPF. 

From a technical point of view, the project team is working closely with the GESCYCO team in order to ensure optimum exploitation of the modelling tools, and with 

the INTEGRA team in order to ensure reliable access to the external data. Similarly, several computerized agile quality assurance and project management tools were 

deployed and are being actively used by the project team. 

Once the production environment has been stabilized, analyses will be carried out in order to study the additional needs that are necessary for the management of 

all family benefits in Luxembourg. The outline of a migration plan was prepared, and the implementation of this migration plan has begun.


1AGIMO IV 

Title 

Agile development methods and monitoring of 

electronic collaborations applied to the CNPF’s 

payment procedures 

Fields 

architecture of integration and cooperation platforms, 

CSCW, agile programming techniques 

and concepts, upgradeable programming, monitoring 

and management of production applications 

Partner 


(CNPF) 




Period 




Subject 

On the basis of the research results and of the analyses carried out as part of the AGIMO II and AGIMO III projects, the AGIMO IV project is continuing to study the 

organization’s complexity and management of IT projects intended to meet the needs of the end-users. In this project, ISC will analyze the development process within 

the concrete framework of the family benefit payments made by the CNPF, by applying agile programming approaches. This programming approach will be adapted 

to the specifics of small and medium-sized companies and government agencies. 

In concrete terms, the CNPF is planning to set up a new computerized system in order to manage family benefit payments. This system is based on the solution 

developed as part of the AGIMO I to III projects and has systematically been extended to be able to take in the management of the family benefits for Luxembourg 

citizens. As part of this work, the current management and calculation processes are being extended and optimized in order to meet new needs. Similarly, certain 

related systems, such as the identification database for example, have been replaced and integrated into the family benefits management system. 

Results 

During the AGIMO IV project, the results of the AGIMO III project were reviewed for their development. The Agimo system has been systematically extended in order 

to complete the necessary functionalities to take over the management of all family benefits. Similarly, the implementation of the Agimo system as a central solution 

for managing family benefits is continuing while integrating the new MASDAM identification database in early 2010, as well as of the printout possibilities offered by 

the PCOM platform. 

From a technical point of view, the researchers are working closely with the GESCYCO team in order to ensure optimum exploitation of the modelling tools, and with 

the INTEGRA team in order to ensure reliable access to the external data. 

Similarly, all matters related to quality assurance and agile project management are playing an important role in a production environment that is considered to be 

critical. Several tasks have been undertaken in this context, and some are continuing in this research domain. 

As the AGIMO IV project advances, the functionalities needed to begin looking after Luxembourg’s citizens will be integrated and the test phase relative to this transfer 

will be launched.


1ATLAS 

Title 

Assistance to transportational logistic by 

automated systems 

Fields 

collaborative systems for decision support, 

planning tools, automated reasoning 

Partner 

Luxinnovation 


Thomas Tamisier 

Period 




Subject 

The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is devoting significant efforts to strengthening its logistics offer. As its economic activity is linked to the presence of many crossborder 

workers, the country is quite sensitive to the development of its public transport infrastructures. 

In this context, the project intends to study the application of automatic reasoning methods in the field of logistics and transportation, regarding both freight and the 

transport of persons, as well as the various circulation means: road, rail and river. It will notably prepare the adaptation of the Cadral tool, developed within the ISC 

department, to this domain. This system, that simultaneously implements the search for solutions using deduction rules and the satisfaction of constraints, covers the 

various reasoning methods used for the application aspects in question: legal, regulatory, operational and optimization. 


Results 

After a review of the state-of-the-art software solutions used in transportation logistics, and a critical inventory of the issues applicable to Luxembourg and to the 

Greater Region, the project focused on enhancing the Cadral decision-assistance system developed within the ISC department. For the purposes of a concrete assessment 

of Cadral using real cases, on the one hand, and the definition of future operational partnerships, on the other hand, the project is preparing, with the help 

of the National Logistics Cluster, an organizational and technical questionnaire intended for the sector’s participants.


1BD_SOL 

Title 

Development of a soil database for studying and 

monitoring the quality of Luxembourgish soils 

Fields 

pedology, informatics 

Partners 

• CRP - Gabriel Lippmann (ISC) 





Patrik Hitzelberger 

Period 

July 2008 - May 2010 



Subject 

Pedological databases have become essential in the treatment of matters relating to land development, the management of natural resources and of the risks 

related to ground contamination. Such a tool must equally allow for the entry, storage, organization and interpretation of data, while also managing all non-graphic 

information related to pedological charts. Within the framework of this project, the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann will develop a prototype for a pedological database, 

in close collaboration with the ASTA. This tool will specifically respond to the needs formulated by the ASTA pedology department, thereby contributing to better 

ground management in Luxembourg. 

The multidisciplinary approach needed for this project will result in a prototype BD_SOL database with a strong upgradeable potential. 

Results 

The soil scientists of the EVA department and of the ASTA developed a standardized protocol for soil descriptions. This document is necessary in order to link the 

soil description to the information management in a database. The 166 described variables serve to provide a detailed description of the environment of the soil 

profile (climate, land use, geomorphology, geology, etc.), the properties of the holorganic horizons (litter), of the organic / mineral horizons and of the substratum 

on which the soil is developing. Approximately 200 profiles of historical (ASTA) and recent (EVA and ASTA) soils were re-interpreted using the new protocol, and 

entered in the application. 

The researches from the ISC department implemented an intermediate solution for the input of existing data. In parallel, it allowed them to confirm and to describe 

in detail the analysis of the functional needs of the final BD_SOL application, the development of which was implemented at the same time as the operation of the 

intermediate solution. An initial prototype of the final application was produced and tested in November 2009.


1CADRAL III 

Title 

Automated calculation of the “Droit Allocataire”, 

extension and commissioning 

Fields 

Automated calculation of the “Droit Allocataire”, 

extension and commissioning 

Partner 


(CNPF) 




Period 

September 2007 - October 2009 



Subject 

CADRAL III is the third phase of the project carried out in partnership with the Caisse Nationale des Prestations Familiales (CNPF), the purpose of which is the commissioning 

of the Cadral software tool intended for the processing of benefit applications. 

The previous work made it possible to design a tailor-made expert system for the specific needs of the CNPF, to produce collaborative print tools for administrative 

procedures and file handling, to install functional prototypes of the software program on the site used by CNPF employees, to model significant parts of the processing 

procedures and to prepare the system’s integration on the basis of key elements within the CNPF IT infrastructure. 

CADRAL III is guided by the following operational objectives: 

• continuation of the modelling of the procedures for the purposes of the system’s commissioning; 

• integration into the CNPF’s new IT infrastructure; 

• optimization of an extended functional system that will notably allow for the verification of the knowledge base’s properties, and the macro-simulation of the processes. 

Results 

The project came to an end with the production of a complete version of the Cadral reasoning software, that involves a resolution engine developed using Soar forward 

chaining architecture and a functional interface within Java Enterprise technologies that provide for the integration into a computerized processing chain. 

The knowledge base, consisting of the procedural resolution rules, can be updated by a user who is not an IT specialist. The “reasoning” used by the system can be 

traced step-by-step, and when presenting its solution to a concrete problem, Cadral outlines the successive steps that led to its conclusion. Furthermore, a referencing 

mechanism provides for the justification of the system’s responses relative to regulatory texts. 

In partnership with the CNPF, this version of Cadral, ready for integration, was tested on a series of administrative files. In 45 minutes, Cadral was able to operationally 

process the calculation of benefits for students, that would require several man / weeks if done manually.


1COVIN 

Title 

Cooperative visualization of intangibles 

Fields 

Information visualization, 

Human Computer Interaction, finance 


Benoît Otjacques 

Period 




Subject 

Over the course of several years, the ISC department has developed specific skills in information visualization, that are currently unique in Luxembourg. The project 

is firstly intended to sensitize Luxembourg’s economic actors to the potential offered by information visualization techniques, and secondly to strengthen the centre of 

expertise in this domain within the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann. 

The plan is to design and develop an innovative prototype for visualizing information relative to intangible assets. This project will most notably target financial data. 

Thereafter, the project team will attempt to convince a Luxembourg company or institution to take part in this tool’s assessment, in an environment close to reality in 

the field. 


Results 

The tasks carried out in 2009 are relatively few since the project only began in September. However, promising contacts have been made with an important actor 

in the Luxembourg financial marketplace. Moreover, the project team has begun to identify certain specificities of financial data in order to bring about an adequate 

design of the visualization prototype that will be developed.


1ETUDE CVCE 

Title 

Preliminary analysis restructuring of 

the CVCE architecture 

Fields 

architecture, multimedia 

Partner 

Centre Virtuel de la Connaissance sur l’Europe 

(CVCE) 


Nicolas Biri (CRP - Gabriel Lippmann) 

Benoît Lesuisse (CVCE) 

Period 

May 2008 - February 2009 



Subject 

Over the course of recent years, multimedia technologies have become considerably democratized and diversified. The CVCE’s current IT system, set up before this 

diversification, does not have an architecture that is suited to these technologies, which makes their integration very difficult. 

Aware of this situation, the management of the CVCE wished to undertake an in-depth change of its system architecture. The objective is not only to have an architecture 

that is more open to new communication means, but also to promote social use of the resources published by the CVCE. The purpose of this study is to determine 

the most suitable technological and hardware / software architecture choices that will respond to the present and future needs of the CVCE. 

Results 

The study resulted in the drafting of a list of functionalities required by the CVCE’s future architecture, and in the presentation of suitable implementation solutions. 

These results have been completed by tests on off-the-shelf products.


1ETUDE ESA - ESRIN 

Title 

Study for applicability of collaborative 

environment technology To EOHelp System 

Fields 

modelling, Help Desk, CSCW 

Partners 

• Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA) - Institut 

Européen de Recherches Spatiales (ESRIN, I) 

• Center for Earth Observation (IT) 



Patrik Hitzelberger (CRP - Gabriel Lippmann) 

Maria Longo (Agence Spatiale Européenne) 

Period 




Subject 

The ESA has turned to an external service provider for its user assistance service. However, for both the ESA and users, the results of this service are viewed as 

insufficient. In this context, the study carried out by ISC is intended to analyze the current system’s operation and to present possible avenues for improvement. 

As such, this study includes an analysis phase that focuses on an assessment of the current situation, both from the point of view of software and in organizational 

terms. This analysis will be completed by proposed scenarios for improving the current system, on the basis of the desired developments. 

It therefore follows on the recommendations proposed by the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), notably in the area of the management of incidents 

and requests, insofar as they can be applied to the specific situation of the ESA - ESRIN. 

Results 

The study was completed, and it resulted in a series of proposals in order to improve the user assistance services, while taking into account the specific features of 

the ESA’s activities and their IT environment.


1FORMINITIALE II 

Title 

IT re-engineering of the Initial Professional 

Training department of the Chambre de 

Commerce (Chamber of Commerce) 

Fields 

e-services, IT integration, engineering software 

Partner 

Chambre de Commerce du Luxembourg 


Steve Breier (Chambre de Commerce) 

Guy Simon (CRP - Gabriel Lippmann) 

Period 

May 2008 - March 2010 



Subject 

The objective of the FORMINITALE I was to carry out the re-engineering of the Chamber of Commerce Initial Professional Training service, notably by introducing a 

new IT system for the management of professional training activities. 

The second part of the project, called FORMINITIALE II, primarily involves the extension of the IT system in production by taking into account the advancement process 

for candidates. This will more specifically involve managing the participation of candidates in examinations, including the calculation of scores and the generation 

of relevant documents. A detailed analysis to be carried out during the project will serve to complete the understanding of the business lines having to be handled. 

The cooperative efforts initiated as part of the FORMINITALE I project with other actors in the professional training process will be furthered. Inter-organizational 

exchanges based on SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) will be implemented in order to improve the management of data relating to the professional training process. 

Results 

The targeted objectives were reached through the commissioning of a version of the software program for managing the professional training activities of the Chamber 

of Commerce, that serves to manage the process for the advancement of candidates. During the project, the automated exchanges with the actors involved in the 

professional training process were optimized.


1FORMINITIALE III 

Title 

IT re-engineering of the Initial Professional 

Training department of the Chambre de 

Commerce (Chamber of Commerce) 

Fields 

e-services, IT integration, engineering software 

Partner 

Chambre de Commerce du Luxembourg 


Steve Breier (Chambre de Commerce) 


Period 

October 2009 - July 2011 



Subject 

The objective of the FORMINITIALE II research project was to extend the management IT system for the professional training activities of the Chamber of Commerce 

that had been designed by the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann. The targeted development notably included the computerized management of the process for the advancement 

of candidates, on the basis of examinations at the end of the professional training. 

After the entry into force of the law reforming professional training in Luxembourg, concrete measures to implement the new system are being put into place. As such, 

the main objective of the FORMINITIALE III project is to gradually integrate the finalized aspects of the reform into the FormInitiale system. 

The project also anticipates the continuous development of the existing IT system’s functionalities, as well as the progressive extension of automated computerized 

exchanges by means of a SOA (Service Oriented Architecture), with the various people involved in the professional training process. 

Results 

After the project was set up in October 2009, an initial “release” of the management IT system for professional training was deployed at the Chamber of Commerce. 

Analyses have begun on the implications of the professional training reform.


1GESCYCO 

Title 

Management of the collaborative applications 

lifecycle 

Fields 

cooperative platforms, CSCW, Model Driven 

Software Design, Model Driven Architecture, 

Product lines, application lifecycle management 

Partner 


(CNPF) 




Period 




Subject 

This project is intended to monitor the evolution of complex IT applications, specifically those developed as part of the CNPF, throughout their lifecycle, including the 

design, production and commissioning, but also their use in production. Thereafter, the series of GESCYCO projects includes firstly a maintenance contract for one 

calendar year and, secondly, a scientifically performed follow-up intended to identify the best practices that can improve the development process in order to increase 

the maintainability of IT applications. 

The GESCYCO projects are intended to identify potentially interesting components and approaches, so as to intervene as of the development process in order to 

ensure reusability. These components are then taken by the project team and integrated into the reference architecture in an effort to make them available to other 

research projects. The systematic reuse approach was facilitated by technologies and methodologies of the MDE (Model Driven Engineering) type. 

Similarly, the GESCYCO projects are analyzing and classifying all of the needs in terms of the ISC department’s maintenance, in an effort to identify possible synergies 

between various underlying activity domains or technologies. 

Results 

After having familiarized itself with the production applications at the CNPF, the team provided maintenance for these applications. This work served to produce a 

semi-automatic management prototype for the differential supplements relative to family benefits for cross-border residents, version 4. In parallel, the meta-model that 

describes the reference architecture used in multiple research projects carried out by the ISC department was systematically extended and completed. 

The maintenance team also looked after the transfer of the printout platform, and is already providing the corrective maintenance. It is working closely with all of the 

teams from the projects carried out in collaboration with the CNPF. 

Similarly, an initial draft has been prepared relative to the classification of the ISC department’s maintenance needs. This draft offers a few interesting avenues that 

will allow synergies to be identified, but also raises a series of questions requiring precise additional studies.


1INFODEM III 

Title 

Information and formulation of requests in the 

Administrations context – III 

Fields 

e-government, IT cooperation between administrations 

and the public, interactive Internet, 

online forms 

Partners 

• Caisse Nationale des Prestations Familiales 

(CNPF) 

• Service eLuxembourg (SEL) 




Karine Pelosato (SEL) 

Period 




Subject 

This project is intended to finalize and extend the work undertaken by the department in partnership with the CNPF and the eLuxembourg service. 

It focuses on the design and realization of electronic transfers from the one-stop counter to the CNPF and vice-versa. This communication will use the web services 

approach and will serve as a reference case for other government agencies that will join the one-stop counter. The management of the requests must be technically 

integrated into the CNPF’s SOA. 

Alongside the achievement of the transfer and the internal management of the requests, INFODEM III also targets the design and completion of the new services 

outside of the “newborn baby” context that was chosen as the starting point for the realization of the one-stop counter. 

Results 

After analysis and the detailed specification of the technical data exchange between the partners, the INFODEM application’s web interface was commissioned in 

June 2008. The first service for citizens available within the One-Stop counter environment (now referred to as the “counter”), this interface was presented during a 

press conference by the Government of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the CNPF. 

INFODEM uses the LuxTrust infrastructure for the identification and electronic signature of users. The catalogue of offered services has been extended and the integration 

of the application’s back-end has been evaluated. The work resulted in a publication presented during a scientific conference specializing in e-Government.


1INFODEM IV 

Title 

Information and formulation of requests in the 

Administrations context – IV 

Fields 

e-government, IT cooperation between administrations 

and the public, interactive Internet, 

online forms 

Partner 

• Caisse Nationale des Prestations Familiales 

(CNPF) 

• Service eLuxembourg (SEL) 




Karine Pelosato (SEL) 

Period 




Subject 

INFODEM IV includes the actual accomplishment of services designed as part of the INFODEM III project, and it improves the offer of Internet services while stabilizing 

the existing services and making new services available. 

The project’s “back-end” objectives relate to its technical and procedural integration into the CNPF organization and IT system. This includes a visualization and 

verification module for the structured data in the requests, for the purposes of the automatic population of various existing management applications, as well as the 

integration of INFODEM data and procedures into the electronic document management infrastructure. 

This project serves to unify the various entry channels for requests submitted to the CNPF in order to populate the other applications. This requires the implementation 

of a consistent interoperability model for the applications within the context of “one-stop government”. Studied by ISC, the approach known as Service Oriented 

Computing will be a key point for the progress of the research. 

Results 

The project’s focus was the integration of the Infodem application into the CNPF IT architecture. This integration required the production of interfaces with the CNPF’s 

existing and emerging applications. On the basis of a study of SOA concepts, and thanks to the existence of an integration platform produced by the INTEGRA project, 

the prototype of the Infodem application integrated easily into the CNPF “back-end” environment. 

At the other end of the Internet chain for the processing of the CNPF’s online applications, the Infodem prototype communicates with the Luxembourg government’s 

“one-stop counter” portal. This external interface is based on a protocol developed as part of the INFODEM project; this protocol has been reused by the eLuxembourg 

service to connect other services with its platform.


1INTEGRA II 

Title 

Setting up of an integration platform at the 

CNPF - II 

Fields 

integration and cooperation platforms, CSCW, 

set-up of a reference architecture for an integration 

platform, integration of multiples heterogeneous 

information systems (EAI), Model Driven 


Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) 

Partner 


(CNPF) 


Pascal Bauler (CRP - Gabriel Lippmann), 


Period 




Subject 

To facilitate the in-house work and in view of the many different IT systems, the CNPF recognizes the potential of combining the information contained in these various 

systems. 

The project is based on the integration platform produced as part of the INTEGRA project and intended to extend it. Once the transparent access to the various data 

sources has been ensured, the objective is to efficiently exploit this information. In order to reach this objective, transparent access and a consistent visualization 

of the miscellaneous data have to be designed. Similarly, distributed business line processes must be set up in order to offer new high added value services. This 

requires the availability of adequate IT tools used by projects such as AGIMO, P-COM and GESCYCO. 

On the scientific level, the project continues to extend the integration architecture. The idea is to put together a sturdy integration platform and to study it within the 

framework of government agencies and SMEs, and while proposing possible adaptations. 

Results 

The platform developed on the basis of the JBI (Java Business Integration) standard provided for the integration with various of the CNPF’s service providers and 

suppliers. A workflow management system compliant with the BPEL standard was also integrated and now offers functionalities for orchestrating the available services. 

This new environment was the basis of the CNPF’s new SOA (Service Oriented Architecture), and its use and extension were facilitated by the user-friendly 

framework. The integration of new applications may be able to benefit from the results in the areas of Model Driven Software Design (MDSD) and Model Driven 

Architecture (MDA) in order to encapsulate the technical details. In close collaboration with the AGIMO project team, the CNPF’s new SOA was finalized and is now 

in active production. Similarly, initial prototypes of data exploitation solutions have been developed. 

An initial prototype of an exploitation module for data managed by the platform for the integration and highlighting of business line processes was developed and 

made available to the CNPF.


1INTEGRA III 

Title 


CNPF - III 

Fields 







Partner 


(CNPF) 




Period 

October 2008 - May 2010 



Subject 

The integration of heterogeneous and distributed IT environments by a SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) type architecture is a promising field of activity. 

The INTEGRA III project is intended to extend the integration platform produced as part of the INTEGRA project. Once the transparent access to the various data 

sources has been ensured, the objective is to efficiently exploit this information. In order to reach this objective, transparent access and a consistent visualization of 

the miscellaneous data have to be designed. Similarly, distributed business line processes must be implemented so as to offer new services with high added value, 

which requires the availability of adequate IT tools used by vertical projects such as AGIMO, P-COM and GESCYCO. 


framework of government agencies and SMEs, and while proposing possible adaptations. 

Results 

As part of the INTEGRA III project, the integration platform was extended in order to include “Single Sign On” type solutions through an Active Directory access and 

the initial stages of the access to the secure network that connects the CNPF with the Caisses d’Allocations Familiales (CAF; Family allowances fund). In parallel, the 

exploitation module for data managed by the integration platform was enlarged. 

The integration platform is being systematically extended to cover aspects related to the exploitation of a critical context, while integrating concepts of the fault tolerance 

and quality assurance types.


1INTEGRA IV 

Title 


CNPF - IV 

Fields 







Partner 


(CNPF) 




Period 

December 2009 - July 2011 



Subject 

The integration of heterogeneous and distributed IT environments by a SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) type architecture is a very promising activity domain. 

As such, the INTEGRA IV is based on the integration platform produced as part of the INTEGRA I to III projects. 


framework of government agencies and SMEs, and while proposing possible adaptations. In parallel, this same integration platform is being used as the basis for the 

TIMSOA project for the carrying out of a series of scientific prototypes. 

Results 

As part of the INTEGRA IV project, the integration platform was extended in order to integrate the new identification database as well as the CNPF’s new electronic 

document management (EDM) system. 

As such, the integration platform is an increasingly essential element of the CNPF’s overall architecture, and it constitutes the central component that provides for 

sturdy and efficient access to all data. 

As the project advances, the integration platform will be extended in order to facilitate the integration of business type components that carry out preparatory and data 

restructuring tasks. With this in mind, a quality assurance module has been designed, that introduces Service Level Agreement (SLA) concepts and ensures compliance 

with the SLAs under heavy load.


1IPROC 

Title 

Interaction, Procedures and Constraints in 

Decision - Assistance Systems - thesis 

supervision 

Fields 

interactive collaborative decision-assistance 

systems, modelling and simulation of resolution 

procedures, reasoning by constraints and combinatorial 

calculation, completeness and consistency 

of a knowledge base 

Partner 

Université Paul Verlaine (Laboratoire 

d’Informatique Théorique et Appliquée - LITA, F) 


Dieter Kratsch (Université Paul Verlaine) 


Period 




Subject 

Carried out in partnership with the CNPF, R&D work undertaken within the ISC department led to the development of a software tool for processing benefit requests. 

Called Cadral, this system based on administrative knowledge offers the possibility of adapting the programming language according to the nature of the problems 

being handled and allows users to populate and update the system’s knowledge without the help of an IT specialist. Thanks to its modular and configurable design, 

Cadral is suitable for extensive reuse and, in the future, could evolve into a generic collaborative tool for automatic reasoning and decision assistance. 

ISC proposes to study questions relative to the Cadral’s generic aspect in cooperation with the University of Metz as part of the preparation of a thesis on automatic 

problem resolution on the basis of constraint satisfaction techniques. Constraint satisfaction technologies will be used to extend the tool for efficient handling of combinatorial 

problems and for the validation of the system’s logical properties and of its knowledge base. 


Results 

The thesis focused on the definition of a multi-core collaborative environment for problem resolution. For the collaborative aspect, a multi-agent architecture is proposed, 

in which the agents are local resolution systems that cooperate in order to resolve the given problem. The deployment takes into account questions of parallelization, 

coordination, fault tolerance and preservation of the confidentiality of each agent’s information. “Multi-core” refers to the concurrent use of various resolution 

techniques, adapted to the tasks assigned to each agent. In particular, the thesis focuses on the processing of combinatorial tasks by means of Constraint Satisfaction 

Problems (CSPs) in the more general context of a rule-based system. The results of the theoretical efforts led to implementations that have been validated and are 

progressively being integrated into the Cadral decision-assistance system, developed within the ISC department.


1IPROME 

Title 

Initiative for the promotion of Manufacturing 

execution systems 

Fields 

Manufacturing execution systems, production 

management, e-services 


Jacques Klein 

Period 




Subject 

The project is intended to develop a generic production follow-up system for industry. The system will be developed around a central MES (Manufacturing Execution 

System) kernel that will look after the data acquisition, management and processing. This kernel will be produced on the basis of a Service Oriented Architecture 

(SOA) that will allow it to be transparently and easily coupled with the existing infrastructure, by means of simple connector programs for each interface. 

Using a Model-Driven Software Development (MDSD) approach, this kernel will be generated for a given company from a model of the production processes and 

data. The appropriate modelling and generation tools will be developed as part of the project. 

The IPROME project follows on the PROD-AUTO project, that resulted in a partnership with the companies Accumalux SA and Luxbat SA. During the PROD-AUTO 

project, an initial production management prototype was developed specifically for the partner companies. One of the objectives of IPROME is to adapt this prototype 

to other companies. 


Results 

The prototype developed as part of the PROD-AUTO project was modified in order to make it more generic, and to add functionalities. As such, the concept of a 

production chain that represents the management of several operations was implemented. IPROME also provides for managing of the product’s tracing. One can 

therefore review the entire production process and determine, amongst other things, which machines or raw materials were used. The second development area 

involves the means related to the Model-Driven Software Development (MDSD) approach. New concepts were therefore integrated, such as, for example, the dynamic 

loading of data according to the needs of the users. All of these improvements are intended to bring about a more flexible and more generic application, that 

will respond better to any corporate structure.


1MASDAM 

Title 

Master Data Management System 

Fields 

database, data quality, artificial intelligence 

Partner 


(CNPF) 




Period 




Subject 

The integration of data coming from an external source often generates problems related to data quality. While certain data control rules are easy to integrate into a 

database, other ones, linked to the processes that are using the data, are more complex to express. Very often, the latter are checked during the exploitation of the 

data, and corrected thereafter. This project is intended to automate this data quality verification task through the use of a rule engine, while attempting to filter the updated 

data according to rules that determine their quality. This filtering will allow operators to detect data quality problems as of the update, in a preventive manner. 

In concrete terms, the project aligns with the efforts to modernize the CNPF’s IT environment. The aim of the research project is to prepare a Master Data Management 

System with an indexing module extension, to replace the current claimant database and to model, in the form of constraints, the data discrepancy resolution 

methods that are used by the operators and by other services that use these data. Indeed, the claimant database is a relational database that contains descriptive 

data regarding citizens receiving family benefits in Luxembourg, and the composition of family groups. This database is populated by the CNPF’s technicians, but also 

by importing family benefit files from the CISS, and by a synchronization system with the social security descriptive database. 

Results 

The project began with an analysis of the structure and quality of the existing database’s data. At the same time, the technologies were chosen and the proposed 

solution’s architecture was defined. The architecture notably revolves around the integration of an inference rules engine with a standardized data access technology 

(based on the EJB (Enterprise Java Beans) technology)). In this architecture, the aim of the rules is to filter updates and to judge the quality of the data. 

In 2009, particular efforts were made to expand the notions of data quality and of temporal data. Moreover, the prototype’s ergonomics were adjusted in order to 

improve how data quality is taken into account by users.


1MASDAM II 

Title 

Master Data Management System - II 

Fields 

database, data quality, artificial intelligence 

Partner 


(CNPF) 




Period 

July 2009 - June 2011 



Subject 

The MASDAM project made it possible to assess the complexity of a data correction task. As such, determining which data should or should not be transferred to 

an external data source is often problematic. With this in mind, ISC developed a data assessment system in the form of rules, which allows users to detect potential 

problems that may exist in a database. 

The rest of this project is intended to put the developed ideas into production and to use this experience in order to assess user acceptance of a rule system in order 

to improve data quality. The proposed approach must also be extended to a larger volume of data and a larger number of sources, which can also bring up problems 

of ramping up the proposed solutions. 

The proposed assessment system is only provided to human users, though one of the project’s objectives is also to explore possible avenues for these quality criteria 

to be taken into account by the applications that use the data available in the Masdam system. 

Results 

The project began by finalizing the prototype created as part of the MASDAM project. This primarily involved an assessment of the software’s ergonomics by the users, 

and an adjustment of the proposed functionalities. The CNPF will actually begin using the software in January 2010.


1MENFPS-ETUDE 

Title 

Preliminary study for the implementation 

of the professional training reform 

Fields 

computer integration, engineering software 

Partner 

Ministère de l’Education Nationale et de la 

Formation Professionnelle (MENFP) 


Jean-Michel Moog (MENFP) 


Period 




Subject 

The Ministry for National Education and Professional Training (French acronym MENFP) is currently using an IT system dedicated to the management of secondary 

school and technical secondary school students in Luxembourg. The Professional Training reform that includes switching to module-based teaching implies major 

changes to the IT system that is currently being used. 

To succeed with this evolution of the IT system, the objective of the present service is to produce a preliminary study that takes into account the existing IT system’s 

architecture, as well as the business line logical aspects linked to the professional training reform. The aim of this analysis is to define an outline of a future IT environment 

with a few mock-ups, thereby validating the technical feasibility of the proposed solutions. 

Results 

During the study, various technological avenues were explored in order to identify the one recommended to the MENFP. This comparative approach made it possible 

to define an IT architecture that suited the needs of the MENFP. 

An interactive mock-up was produced on the basis of this architecture, and presented to the MENFP representatives using a scenario close to reality. 

In the end, the study led to the drafting of a study report that could serve as a basis for the decisions that will be made by the MENFP within the framework of the 

professional training reform.


1P-COM II 

Title 

Communication platform for the CNPF – II 

Fields 

CSCW, e-Government, interoperability of 

information Systems 

Partner 


(CNPF) 




Period 




Subject 

P-COM II focuses on the output of the CNPF’s documents. 

As part of P-COM, the prototype of a centralized communication handling platform was produced. This platform can look after managing the modelling and drafting 

of the CNPF’s individual outgoing communications. 

The P-COM II project is intended to study two other aspects: 

• the question of the platform’s ergonomics, given that the platform is intended to be a central tool for the daily work of the administration’s personnel; 

• functionality by means of extending the document management to the processing of bulk communications coming from several CNPF processes. 

As part of these processes, for example, the CNPF simultaneously sends out customized letters to groups of several thousand French beneficiaries. The aim is the 

reliable and quick management of these bulk processes, while integrating into the CNPF’s SOA (Service Oriented Architecture). In this sense, the P-COM platform 

will provide an advanced IT printing service for the CNPF’s other management applications, that also use the SOA approach. 

Results 

The improvement of the platform’s ergonomics led to the development of a new prototype. The work was then devoted to the design of the mass communication 

module, which fits into a central modelling framework based on XML. 

To satisfy an operational demand from the CNPF, the project was devoted to the development of an entirely electronic exchange solution for administrative documents 

between the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and France. A system was produced while using advanced technologies that would make it possible to secure the 

international communications between government agencies. 

The research resulted in the publication and presentation of a scientific article during a conference in the field of e-Government.


1P-COM III 

Title 

Communication platform for the CNPF – III 

Fields 

CSCW, e-Government, interoperability of information 

Systems 

Partner 


(CNPF) 




Period 




Subject 

P-COM III focuses primarily on the extension of the prototypes developed as part of the earlier projects and on furthering the theoretical research in the field of e- 

Government. 

As part of the P-COM, a central platform for the management and production of the CNPF’s documents was developed. This platform is intended to look after the 

centralized management of all communications resulting from CNPF processes. From a usage standpoint, this system is based on the exclusive use of XML technologies, 

and it provides many transformation formats that can be displayed. 

The aim of the P-COM III project is to extend the component designed for mass treatment processes in order to optimize the liquidation of periodic treatments (monthly 

or half-yearly payments, etc.). A second research axis focuses on the integration of the purely electronic exchange of communications between government agencies. 

Results 

The project focused on the “bulk communications” part of the platform developed during previous projects. Thanks to the use of the current Java and XML technologies, 

and to an in-depth analysis of the CNPF’s specific needs, this application’s prototype was implemented in 2009. Integrated into the CNPF’s IT infrastructure and 

connected to the CNPF’s external interfaces, it facilitates the central management of the government agency’s generated communications (“output management”).


1P-COM IV 

Title 

Communication platform for the CNPF – IV 

Fields 

CSCW, e-Government, interoperability 

of information Systems 

Partner 


(CNPF) 




Period 

December 2009 - May 2011 



Subject 

This project is a direct sequel of P-COM I to III. Their primary aim was to design a central IT platform for the management of communications either drafted or, in part, 

received by the CNPF. 

The platform resulting from the P-COM I to III is completely based on the use of the XML markup language. This language is used for the modelling and drafting of documents. 

XML also makes it possible to distinguish the content and form of drafted documents, and it facilitates data exchanges between the CNPF and its partners. 

This P-COM platform significantly improved the management of the CNPF’s mass communications. Its integration into the partner’s infrastructure is based on a 

service-oriented architecture implemented at the CNPF as part of the INTEGRA project. 

Within the framework of the project, one of the major objectives is to implement more advanced integration of the platform in the processing of the CNPF’s files. This 

processing is being carried out by the AGIMO 4 project, that will take place in parallel with the proposed P-COM 4 project. 

Another aim of the project is to study the existing commercial products in terms of content management, with a focus on “output management”. 

The P-COM project considers the “Document Management” topic, i.e. computerized methods for the advanced management of documents, particularly in the public 

sector. In the domain of eGovernment, this is a topic of crucial importance. 

Results 

Work on the project began in December 2009, with a pre-study of the necessary tasks.


1PROD-AUTO 

Title 

« Production management for the plastics suppliers 

of the automotive industry » 

Fields 

Manufacturing Execution Systems, production 


Partners 

• Accumalux S.A. 

• Luxbat S.A. 

• CRP - Gabriel Lippmann (REA) 


Thomas Angeli (Accumalux) 


Period 




Subject 

The PROD-AUTO project is intended to develop a generic production follow-up system for the plastic injection industry. The system will be developed around a central 

MES (Manufacturing Execution System) kernel that will look after the data acquisition, management and processing. This kernel will be produced using a SOA 

(Service Oriented Architecture) that will allow it to be transparently and easily coupled with the existing infrastructure, by means of simple connector programs for 

each interface. 



The REA department is contributing its expertise with regard to the particularities of the environment of automobile equipment suppliers. 

Results 

The tests under actual conditions begun in 2008 were continued in 2009. The MES system prototype with a kernel adapted to the specific needs of Luxbat S.A. was 

able to be perfected relative to the results of these tests. 

In 2009, the IPROME project took over from the PROD-AUTO project by paving the way for the implementation of the generic MES system with other interested 

companies.


1SOFTWARE TEST BENCH II 

Title 

Implementation of TBSL, a language for 

automated tests 

Fields 

Informatics applied to the industrialization of 

electronic equipment, correction and reliability 

models for analogue and digital systems, management 

and strategy of complex combinatorial 

tests, automation of validation methods 

Partners 


• IEE S.A. 


Laurent Federspiel (IEE) 


Period 

March 2008 - August 2009 



Subject 

The company IEE specializes in the production of highly technical on-board systems, such as the sensors mounted in automobiles. The purpose of the project was 

maximum automation of the tests to be carried out prior to the commissioning of such systems. The volume and diversity of these tests, just like the fact that the 

validation process must be repeated with each system revision, made an automatic approach unquestionably desirable. 

The collaboration aligned with the context of IEE’s development of Dynadis, an optical sensor that will serve to re-create depth information in a 2-D image. In an automobile, 

Dynadis can be used to analyze a passenger’s position and to verify the security features. The project will provide an opportunity for a more general study of 

the test methodology for complex systems, and it will offer many potential applications as part of hardware or software development. 

Results 

The project led to the development of a generic architecture dedicated to testing complex software and hardware systems. To begin with, a generic control language 

for the validation of systems was designed, known as TBSL (Test Bench Scripting Language). The subsequent work involved developing the various software modules 

for the printout, visualization and actual performance of the tests on the basis of the TBSL language. Validated using actual prototypes of on-board systems 

(including the Dynadis optical system) and use cases stipulated by IEE, this methodology offers considerable potential for application in the context of innovative 

industrial developments. The approach’s main benefit is the quick launch of the test bench, by users who are not IT specialists, as of the initial steps of the prototyping 

of the system under test (SUT). Moreover, less effort is required to update the test bench in the event of system modifications, or when taking new specifications for 

its use into account.


1SPLIT 

Title 

Combine Software Product Line and Aspect- 

Oriented Software Development 

Fields 

engineering software, engineering-driven 

models, range of software products, aspectoriented 

software development 

Partners 


• Institut de Recherche en Informatique 

et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA, F) 


Nicolas Guelfi (Université du Luxembourg) 

Jean-Marc Jézéquel (IRISA, F) 

Jacques Klein (CRP - Gabriel Lippmann) 

Period 

October 2009 - december 2012 



Subject 

The project targets the set-up of a team able to pursue the objectives of the project, to which each partner contributes in its area of excellence. In this context, SPLIT 

enables for the ISC department to collaborate with the University of Luxembourg, as well as with a French team from the IRISA research centre, which is a mixed unit 

of the CNRS, the INRIA and the University of Rennes 1. 

This project will also allow ISC to increase its expertise in the domains of software engineering and information system architectures, by proposing new tools and 

methods for the reliable construction of lines of software products. 

Finally, this project will provide the setting for a doctoral thesis at the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann. 

This project is financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR) as part of the INTER programme and co-financed by the FNR as part of the Aides à la 


Results 

The international collaboration supported by the project has already been used to highlight the research efforts in two publications referenced by ISI and Scopus. The 

first publication describes an approach that would make it possible to unweave an aspect model previously introduced into a software system by means of weaving. 

This approach provides the initial part of a solution for efficiently managing the configuration of a dynamic software system. The second publication proposes a testing 

method for efficiently determining a significant sub-set of products to be tested from amongst a larger group of products described by a line of software products, 

which would naturally be done in order to decrease the test effort.


1TIMSOA 

Title 

Transparent Integration of Meta-services in 

Service Oriented Architecture 

Fields 


composition of services, aspect-oriented 

programming 

Partners 

• CRP - Henri Tudor 

• Université Henri Poincaré (Nancy, F) 


Nicolas Biri 

Period 




Subject 

The objective of service-oriented architectures is to promote the evolution of IT environments. To encourage the integration of new systems into an existing architecture, 

it may be worthwhile to be able to adapt their behaviour by proposing a unit that completes or alters the operation of a given service. The integration of these 

services, known as meta-services, is at the heart of the project’s concerns. 

The objective is to be able to provide an environment that will allow the easy modification of the behaviour of a service, thanks to other services. The idea for this is 

to draw inspiration from the techniques developed in the area of aspect oriented programming. The aim is to be able to easily and centrally configure the composition 

of the services. 

It seems that this approach helps to facilitate the evolution of services. However, it is also necessary to be able to quantify its impact. With this in mind, ISC also wishes 

to develop a series of test scenarios that will be used to assess a given architecture’s evolution capacities. 


Results 

In collaboration with the University of Nancy, an example of the interest value of putting together services in the security domain was proposed. The reflections made 

it possible to determine the technological choices for the resolution of a mediation platform for services, while uncovering similarities with existing work. 

Finally, scenarios intended to assess the development opportunities offered by a given architecture were defined and must now be implemented.


1TIVIPOL 

Title 

Information Technologies for Accompanying the 

Ageing Population of Luxembourg 

Fields 

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), tangible 

interfaces, IT for the elderly 

Partners 

• Club Senior de Schifflange 


de la Paix (B) 

• RBS asbl 

• Société Luxembourgeoise de Gérontologie / 

Gériatrie 

• Université de Fribourg (CH) 




Period 

October 2007 - December 2009 



Subject 

The TIVIPOL project aligns with the study on the impact of ageing on the Luxembourg population. It focuses on the issue of the use of IT applications by elderly people. 

The aim is to design, develop and assess a software prototype with an interface that suits the specific needs and characteristics of elderly people. This project builds 

on the complementarity between a team of IT specialists and gerontologists. 

This project is financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR) as part of the “Tomorrow’s life in Luxembourg” programme. 

Results 

Several advanced terminals were designed and implemented in 2008 in order to explore new technologies (for example: phidgets, electronic pens, Wiimote, RFID) 

and to assess their possible combinations. The design of the prototypes was primarily based on a field study carried out in two Luxembourg institutions that look 

after the elderly. The aim was to identify the attitudes relative to IT, as well as the knowledge in this area amongst elderly people who are representative of our target 

population. 

The project team combined the results of these technological and psychological studies in order to determine the specifications of the final system intended to be 

tested in the field by elderly people. The final prototype, called Sammy, combines RFID technology and touch screens. Its aim is to help the residents and staff of a 

retirement home to manage the social activities taking place therein. 

In 2009, a continuous cycle of successive improvements of Sammy was implemented on the basis of feedback from real users. The prototype was applied for a pilot 

study at the retirement home “Résidence Grande-Duchesse Joséphine Charlotte” in Luxembourg. For more than six months, it was used by dozens of elderly people 

and by members of the retirement home’s personnel. A longitudinal study was carried out in order to assess the experience feedback from these users. It showed 

high acceptance of the system and stable use over time. The study also showed that the psychological well-being of the elderly people had been influenced in a 

positive manner by the new system’s introduction. In 2009, the results of this interdisciplinary project were published during international conferences dealing with IT 

and psychology.


1VIEW 

Title 

Display of management data for the Esch-sur- 

Alzette City 

Fields 

information display, Human-Computer Interaction 

(HCI), help with the operational follow-up of 

an organization 

Partner 

Ville d’Esch-sur-Alzette 



Period 




Subject 

The project’s scientific field relates to the use of the discipline of information display in order to facilitate the understanding of management data. 

The aim of the project is to design and develop a generic software programme that offers original and interactive graphic representations of certain complex management 

data used by the city of Esch-sur-Alzette. It will notably explain hierarchy display techniques based on common closure and regional laws originating with 

cognitive psychology. 

Results 

The work relative to 2008 could be grouped into three categories. Initially, the project team focused on a needs analysis (identification and characterization of the data 

having to be displayed) and on technical reflections in collaboration with the IT team from the city of Esch-sur-Alzette. The City’s personnel department was chosen 

as the pilot department for defining the first data sets to be displayed. Thereafter, an initial version of the prototype software was developed. It allowed for interactive 

visualization of data relative to the human resources of the community administration of Esch-sur-Alzette. In 2009, it was progressively extended, in functional terms, 

and optimized on the level of its user interface. Finally, the continuation of the work relative to the visualization of hierarchical data structures using the “ellimaps” 

technique resulted in three scientific publications.


1VISCO 

Title 

Display of Electronic cooperation situations via 

data classification and search techniques 

Fields 

information display, cooperative informatics, 

data search and classification 

Partners 

• Université de Metz (F) 

• Université de Paris 5 (F) 


An Lê Thi Hoài (Université de Metz) 

Mohamed Nadif (Université de Paris 5) 

Benoît Otjacques (CRP - Gabriel Lippmann) 

Period 

December 2006 - December 2010 



Subject 

The project involves supervising the work for the preparation of a doctoral thesis in collaboration with the Universities of Metz and Paris 5. The thesis focuses on the 

application of visual data classification and search techniques to the study of cooperative IT systems. It includes a theoretical aspect relative to the study and optimization 

of original classification methods and a more application aspect intended to compare the theoretical developments with practical cases. 


Results 

In 2009, work primarily related to the matter of the classification of files and display of the resulting classes. With regard to the classification of textual data, work 

focused on the SEM (Stochastic EM) algorithm, the SAEM (Simulated Annealing EM) algorithm and eLEM (e Lazy EM). 

On the visualization level, an overall approach in three phases was prepared: data pre-processing, classification and visualization by projection. At each step, various 

visualization techniques are available to the user (e.g. graphic representation of contingency tables or of dissimilarity matrices). The development of a software prototype 

began. It serves to completely refine the clustering process in an interactive manner by offering views of the intermediate results for each of the three phases in 

the overall strategy. Moreover, the prototype makes it possible to visualize the content of the documents being classified, which allows the user to include a semantic 

analysis in the choice of parameters for the clustering algorithms.


1VISILUX 

Title 

Video infrastructure supporting internet 

publication of luxembourgish legislative work 

Fields 

multimedia IT, cooperative IT 

Partner 

Chambre des Députés 


Carlo Linden (Chambre des Députés) 


Period 




Subject 

The aim is to implement an innovative IT architecture covering the different aspects related to the Internet-based distribution and archiving of various video records 

produced as part of the activities of the Chamber of Deputies. 

In addition, adequate integration of the system into the working processes of the Chamber of Deputies will allow for metadata to be included on the basis of the usual 

organizational tasks, without creating an additional workload for the various employees. As such, the user will be able to find specific speeches during sessions by 

supplying search criteria such as the speaker’s name, the draft law in question or other criteria desired by the Chamber of Deputies or by users. 

The end user will access the new system through a standard web browser, while specific interfaces will be developed for the management of the meta-information. 

Results 

The targeted results were reached: the innovative management and multimedia broadcast architecture was set up in 2009, on the Chamber of Deputies’ public Internet 

site. 

Web surfers can now access the broadcasts from the Chamber of Deputies (sessions, Aktuell issues, etc.), whether live or through consulted multimedia archives. 

An advanced semantic indexing system for the multimedia content makes it possible to efficiently locate video excerpts containing, for example, a certain topic or 

political personality.


1VISILUX II 

Title 

Video infrastructure supporting internet publication 

of luxembourgish legislative work – II 

Fields 

multimedia IT, cooperative IT 

Partner 

Chambre des Députés 


Carlo Linden (Chambre des Députés) 


Period 

July 2009 - June 2011 



Subject 

The objective of the VISILUX project was the implementation of an innovative IT centre that would allow for the online and deferred Internet-based broadcast of multimedia 

content by the Chamber of Deputies. After the system’s commissioning, the aim is to see to its evolution while taking into account the recent developments 

of the participatory Internet, also called Web 2.0. 

Indeed, the existing system’s extension by new functionalities such as the inclusion of videos in third-party sites, subscriptions for specific topics (podcasts) and the 

consideration of the growing importance of mobile multimedia phones (smartphones) will make it possible to further interest citizens in parliamentary work and in the 

fundamental role within the democratic system. 

The Chamber of Deputies will be provided with technical and functional statistics regarding the system’s use in order to optimize the efficiency of its external communications. 

Results 

Work completed in 2009 served to identify the expectations of the Chamber of Deputies, and to lay down the technical foundations that are indispensable for the 

evolution of the Visilux system.


1 



PROD-AUTO 

SOFTWARE TEST BENCH II


1PROD-AUTO 

Title 

« Production management for the plastics suppliers 

of the automotive industry » 

Fields 

Manufacturing Execution Systems, production 


Partners 

• Accumalux S.A. 

• Luxbat S.A. 



Thomas Angeli (Accumalux) 


Period 




Subject 

The PROD-AUTO project is intended to develop a generic production follow-up system for the plastic injection industry. The system will be developed around a central 

MES (Manufacturing Execution System) kernel that will look after the data acquisition, management and processing. This kernel will be produced using a SOA 

(Service Oriented Architecture) that will allow it to be transparently and easily coupled with the existing infrastructure, by means of simple connector programs for 

each interface. 



The REA department is contributing its expertise with regard to the particularities of the environment of automobile equipment suppliers. 

Results 

The tests under actual conditions begun in 2008 were continued in 2009. The MES system prototype with a kernel adapted to the specific needs of Luxbat S.A. was 

able to be perfected relative to the results of these tests. 

In 2009, the IPROME project took over from the PROD-AUTO project by paving the way for the implementation of the generic MES system with other interested 

companies.


1SOFTWARE TEST BENCH II 

Title 

Implementation of TBSL, a language for 

automated tests 

Fields 

Informatics applied to the industrialization of 

electronic equipment, correction and reliability 

models for analogue and digital systems, management 

and strategy of complex combinatorial 

tests, automation of validation methods 

Partners 


• IEE S.A. 


Laurent Federspiel (IEE) 


Period 

March 2008 - August 2009 



Subject 

The company IEE specializes in the production of highly technical on-board systems, such as the sensors mounted in automobiles. The purpose of the project was 

maximum automation of the tests to be carried out prior to the commissioning of such systems. The volume and diversity of these tests, just like the fact that the 

validation process must be repeated with each system revision, made an automatic approach unquestionably desirable. 

The collaboration aligned with the context of IEE’s development of Dynadis, an optical sensor that will serve to re-create depth information in a 2-D image. In an automobile, 

Dynadis can be used to analyze a passenger’s position and to verify the security features. The project will provide an opportunity for a more general study of 

the test methodology for complex systems, and it will offer many potential applications as part of hardware or software development. 

Results 

The project led to the development of a generic architecture dedicated to testing complex software and hardware systems. To begin with, a generic control language 

for the validation of systems was designed, known as TBSL (Test Bench Scripting Language). The subsequent work involved developing the various software modules 

for the printout, visualization and actual performance of the tests on the basis of the TBSL language. Validated using actual prototypes of on-board systems 

(including the Dynadis optical system) and use cases stipulated by IEE, this methodology offers considerable potential for application in the context of innovative 

industrial developments. The approach’s main benefit is the quick launch of the test bench, by users who are not IT specialists, as of the initial steps of the prototyping 

of the system under test (SUT). Moreover, less effort is required to update the test bench in the event of system modifications, or when taking new specifications for 

its use into account.


1 



ACCESSED 

ARTEION 

CAP-SIMS 

CFL-SOLGEL 

CS 0 

DIWEAR 

FEDER UAM 

FLEXCOAT 

LE-SIMS 

NANEAU 

NANO2HYBRIDS 

NAPOLYDE 

NIS II 

NIS III 

NSF-BCN 

OWIT 

PC SIMS 

PIES 

PLASMA-NCT 

PLASMA-WIRES 

REVAD 

SIMS-SPM 

STRORING MATTER III 

TRASU


1ACCESSED 

Title 

Advanced characterization of chalcopyrite 

electrodeposited semiconductors for enhanced 

devices 

Field 

materials science 

Partners 

• CRP - Gabriel Lippmann (EVA) 

• Université du Luxembourg, Laboratoire 

de Photovoltaïque 


Thierry Girot 

Period 




Subject 

The objective is to determine if chalcopyrite type semiconductor materials, synthesized by electroplating and annealed, can attain the same degree of performance 

as these same materials deposited by PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition), and if yes, under what preparation conditions. 

The annealing of precursors obtained through electroplating offers a low-cost means of synthesis in order to produce semiconductor materials and can, in particular, 

be used in order to obtain the CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium Selenium) absorbing layer that comprises solar cells in thin films. However, materials obtained using this 

method offer lower performances than the ones produced by other methods, such as PVD. To understand the observed differences, the microstructure, composition 

of the deposited material and the interface of the CJGS layers prepared through electroplating will be compared with those of the reference material deposited by 

PVD. In this context, multiple techniques (SEM, TEM, AES, XPS, SIMS, XRD, Hall, and EER) will be used. New synthesis strategies will then be developed in order 

to reduce these differences and thus to increase the performances of solar cells produced from CIGS absorbing layers produced by electroplating. 

The materials will be produced by the University of Luxembourg and the structural characterizations will be performed at the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann. The optoelectronic 

measurements will be carried out by the University of Luxembourg. 


Results 

The analysis platform is used as part of the characterization of materials produced by the University of Luxembourg’s Photovoltaic Laboratory. In general terms, 

observations of the structure of the films and of their composition resulted in: 

• a better understanding of the influence of the process’ parameters on the resulting structure of the absorbing layer; 

• testing and refining of the synthesis strategies in order to obtain the desired structure; 

• A better understanding of the reaction mechanisms brought into play during the various steps of the treatment, and notably the thermal step.


1ARTEION 

Title 

Study of ionic imaging artifacts 

Field 

Materials Analysis 

Partner 

Université du Luxembourg 


Jérôme Guillot (CRP - Gabriel Lippmann) 

Henri-Noël Migeon (CRP - Gabriel Lippmann) 

Roland Sanctuary (Université du Luxembourg) 

Period 

November 2008 - December 2011 



Subject 

The NanoSIMS 50 is used to produce ionic images with a lateral resolution of 50 nm and excellent sensitivity. These images are generally representative of the concentration 

variation of the desired elements, but the secondary signal’s intensity is sometimes hindered by topographical or matrix effects. This project’s objective is 

to successfully correlate these various artefacts observed using NanoSIMS, by characterizing the sample’s morphology and composition using techniques such as 

SEM, AFM, XPS and AES, and then integrating them into the interpretation of ionic images. 


Results 

The study of artefacts owing to the surface composition and morphology requires the preparation of specific reference samples. The control of the elementary composition 

is obtained by spraying nano-powders of SiO 2 into organic matrices with similar composition (variation of one heteroatom or a chemical group) in order to 

characterize its effect on the process for the material’s ionization. Similarly, particular structures (wires, steps, holes, etc.) were studied. Synthesizing these samples 

is a delicate matter and will have to be optimized in order to avoid any undesired artefact (contamination, roughness, heterogeneity, etc.) that could disturb the measurements.


1CAP-SIMS 

Title 

Protonation canon 

Fields 

scientific instrumentation, materials analysis 

Partner 

Université Paul Verlaine (F) 


Gilles Frache 

Period 

February 2009 - July 2009 



Subject 

This project is intended to focus on the projectile chemistry implemented as part of a SIMS analysis. The study involves forming primary ions starting with ionized gas. 

Amongst all of the species that are formed, only ions of the type [M+H] + will be selected (with M=CH 4 in the case of methane). The aim is to obtain a projectile with a 

low proton affinity (variable according to the selected gas: methane, ammonia, acetonitrile vapours, etc.). 

When the projectile impacts on the sample’s surface, the proton may be transferred to a neutral molecule with a stronger proton affinity. Chemical ionization could 

then occur. The study involves demonstrating the possibility of forming primary proton carrying ions using a gas (methane) with an intensity that is comparable with 

the one obtained with an inert gas (argon), as is currently used in ToF-SIMS. 

Results 

Two source geometries were studied with the help of a test bench. A duoplasmatron type source typically used in dynamic SIMS (oxygen bombardment) and an elec- 

+ tronic impact type source (ToF-SIMS type, argon bombardment). After optimization of the parameters, it was possible to form CH ions with the help of both sources 

5 

using satisfactory currents, thereby indicating a possible interest value for the ToF-SIMS analysis of organic compounds. 

This study could be continued by using projectiles of this type on the ToF-SIMS III in order to assess the ionization yield of the so-called “protonation” cannon relative 

to a classical cannon.


1CFL-SOLGEL 

Title 

Chemical adhesion through micro-nanostructures 

of a copolymer layer deposited on copper 

and physico-chemical analysis copper-epoxy 

interfaces 

Fields 

surface treatment 

Partner 

Circuit Foil 


Patrick Choquet 

Period 

April 2009 - September 2010 



Subject 

Confidential 

Results 

Confidential


1CS 0 

Title 

SIMS using Cs 0 deposition: fundamentals and 

applications 

Fields 



Tom Wirtz 

Period 

October 2008 - November 2011 



Subject 

This project’s objective is to extend the SIMS technique combined with a Cs 0 deposit to the pre-balance regime for imaging, and to organic materials. This extension 

of the Cs 0 technique is promising, as preliminary results have shown that DNA molecules deposited on Si can be imaged by the NanoSIMS after a Cs 0 deposit on the 

sample’s surface. 

This project will serve to study fundamental aspects such as the adhesion and distribution of caesium on the surface of the samples, its effect on the electronic output 

work and its role as a “getter” for atoms or molecules that make up the analysis chamber’s atmosphere. As the ionization mechanisms are different, the results 

obtained for inorganic materials cannot be extrapolated for organic materials. For the latter type of materials, the main interest resides in the study of the pre-balance 

regime, as well as the influence of the Cs deposit on the ionization mechanisms. 


Results 

Ceasium deposits were carried out both in an independent UHV enclosure and in the CMS machine. Initially, this made it possible to study the influence of the deposit 

time on the thickness of the deposited Cs 0 , and the role of time between deposit and analysis on the oxidation and contamination of the deposited layer. Thereafter, 

the improvement of the emission of negative secondary ions was monitored according to the previously mentioned conditions: the probability of ionization in the prebalance 

regime increases with the thickness of the Cs 0 layer, and it saturates as of a given thickness. These analyses were compared to analyses with simultaneous 

Cs 0 deposit: a deposit within the independent enclosure makes it possible to visualize the sample’s initial layers. However, for optimization of the secondary intensities 

over the duration of the analyses to be obtained, a simultaneous Cs 0 deposit is required. In the near future, the behaviour of systems under gallium bombardment will 

be studied, and a study on the influence of the Cs 0 deposit on the formation of roughness during analyses is anticipated.


1DIWEAR 

Title 

Wear resistant ductile iron 

Field 

Materials Science 

Partners 

• Centre for Tribology and Technical 

Diagnostics (SLO) 

• Foundry of Thorgrimur Jonsson (IS) 

• IceTec (IS) 


Henri-Noël Migeon 

Nathalie Valle 

Period 

May 2007 - May 2009 



Subject 

Ductile iron has appreciable resistance and malleability characteristics. In traditional irons, the composition is uniform and, consequently, so are their mechanical 

and physical properties. A new iron preparation method has been developed by the Innovation Centre Iceland (ICI) and the Foundry of Thorgrimur Jonsson in order 

to obtain the following advantages: 

• local strengthening of the component in areas where the wear effects are the greatest; 

• a composition gradient that prevents breakage of the material in regions with complicated geometry; 

• a material with a low content of admixture elements (


1ERDF UAM 

Title 

materials characterization Platform 

Field 


Partners 

• Novelis 



Thierry Girot 

Period 




Subject 

The academic laboratories of the University of Luxembourg, the various CRPs, as well as Luxembourg industries generally do not have the resources needed to 

obtain the equipment needed for all of the characterization techniques that are necessary for their research, whether applied or fundamental. This project’s objective 

is to create a national characterization platform, along the lines of the CNRS central analysis service in France, that would be accessible to the entire Luxembourg 

scientific community and would bring together, on one site, a series of techniques and scientific skills, thus providing an optimal response to the needs of the various 

research actors in Luxembourg. Within this framework, the proposal has been made to build on the existing platform at the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann’s SAM department, 

which is equipped with many sample preparation and analysis techniques that can be used to characterize all types of materials, including biological tissues, 

to a sub-nanometric scale and with sensitivity all the way to the ppb. 


Results 

Three new scientific instruments arrived in 2009 (X-ray diffraction analysis, Scanning electron microscopy and infrared microscopy), thereby completing the instrument 

stock of the national characterization platform. These instruments received ERDF co-funding. 

The efforts to promote the platform continued with more than 100 visits and presentations to industries, clusters and laboratories, primarily within the Greater Region. 

The national characterization platform was also presented to the participants at the SIMS conference in Toronto, and to the manufacturers in attendance. 

These discussions and presentations made it possible to launch the initial projects using this national platform, notably within the framework of FNR CORE calls (in 

collaboration with the University of Luxembourg), but also within the framework of industrial projects. The contacts made in 2009 should lead to new projects being 

submitted in 2010.


1FLEXCOAT 

Title 

Exploratory research in the field of plasma 


Field 


Partners 

• ArcelorMittal Research Liège (B) 

• EADS Research (F) 

• LuxSpace S.A. 




Period 

February 2008 - October 2009 



Subject 

This project makes it possible to carry out exploratory research in collaboration with partners from Luxembourg or within the Greater Region. The objective of this work 

is an initial assessment of the possibilities of a surface treatment that will provide the product with a new property, and to identify the most suitable technical solution. 

The duration of these studies is under 6 months, during which there must be a better assessment of the means having to be implemented to carry out the technical 

solution’s development through to its industrialization. 

Results 

Three research efforts began at the start-up of this project. They relate to the preparation of thin layers of only a few hundred nanometres by means of magnetron 

sputtering for the realization of very high-performance optical or electrical layers. On the one hand, they resulted in the development of conducting metallic layers 

on carbon composition materials and on transparent mineral media, and, on the other hand, the preparation of films with high light reflectivity performances in the 

infrared wavelengths.


1LE-SIMS 

Title 

Materials World Network: Growth, Kinetics 

and Morphology of multi-layered organic thin 

films via low-energy Secondary Ion Mass 

Spectrometry 

Fields 


Partner 

University of Michigan (USA) 


John Kieffer (University of Michigan) 

Tom Wirtz (CRP - Gabriel Lippmann) 

Period 




Subject 

To be able to manufacture powerful opto-electronic components (diodes, solar panels, etc.) on the basis of organic materials, it must be possible to verify the multilayer 

structure on the molecular level. At the present time, no characterization techniques can analyze these structures in an exact manner. In this project, SAM and 

the University of Michigan will combine the low impact energy SIMS technique with molecular dynamic simulations in order to establish the SIMS as the analysis 

technique for such materials. 

The collision cascades between atoms, as well as the sputtering and fragmentation processes, will be studied experimentally and by molecular dynamic simulations 

in order to understand the atomic science mechanisms during ionic bombardment and to be able to establish analysis protocols. The resulting information will make 

it possible to optimize the structure of opto-electronic components based on organic materials, and to study the electronic properties. 

This project is financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR) as part of the “Material World Network” programme and co-financed by the FNR as part 

of the Aides à la formation-recherche (AFR - Training-research aid). 

Results 

2009 saw the continuation of the parameter optimization efforts relating to silicon: the various vibration modes of this material were reproduced and the initial simulations 

involving the bombardment of a silicon surface (001) with oxygen ions at 100 eV were carried out. However, under certain conditions, the simulations led to 

unrealistic structures, which makes further refining of the interaction potential necessary. Subsequent modifications will be necessary in order to put the code into 

parallel form and to prevent the reflection of shockwaves under limited conditions. 

At the start of 2009, the experimental part was also able to begin. The fragmentation of organic molecules used in optoelectronic components was studied using the 

dynamic SIMS regime for Cs + bombardment according to the impact energy. This made it possible to identify characteristic fragments for each molecule and to begin 

the characterization of a multi-layer sample. In addition, the study on the formation of roughness at the bottom of SIMS craters began in the second half of the year.


1NANEAU 

Title 

Toxicological effects of emerging nanoparticles 

in water on standard aquatic organisms 

and their absorption by Human beings 

in drinking water 

Fields 

Sustainable use of water, nanoparticles toxicity, 

biological tests 

Partner 

CRP - Gabriel Lippmann (SAM) 


Arno Gutleb 

Period 

March 2009 – May 2011 



Subject 

As a result of their small size and uniform composition, nanoparticles are reactive and also have special physicochemical properties. After their use, nanoparticles can 

potentially pollute water tables, and the surfaces of lakes and rivers. This contamination can affect aquatic organisms and the environment, since the nanoparticles 

can enter the food chain. Nanoparticles are also known for their ability to incorporate themselves into living organisms by binding to and deforming the DNA, as well 

as for their prooxidant effect and as a modulator of the expression of genes in the exposed tissues. 

The objective is to adapt and develop experimental protocols for the assessment of the toxicity (i.e. environmental) of emerging nanoparticles that are used individually 

or in a mixture with other usual contaminants. In addition to the use of classical tests based on standardized procedures and well-established reagents, other 

approaches based on new predicting biomarkers such as proteomy and genomy will be developed. The possibility of nanoparticle absorption from water by higher 

vertebrates will be studied, as will their intracellular location. 


Results 

Researchers began assessing the eco-toxicological effects of the commonly used nanoparticles, namely TiO 2 (21 nm) and Ag (20 nm), on the aquatic model Daphnia 

magna (adaptation to OECD directive 202). Moreover, the use of the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition as a potential pre-screening test was evaluated. The 

nanoparticles and the dispersion protocols were provided by the NANOTEST FP7 and Norwegian-Polish NorPol projects. TiO 2 , Ag (200 nm) and AgNO 3 were used 

for comparison. 

The results obtained indicate that the nanoparticles TiO 2 , even at high doses (0.05-500 mg/L), have no effect on the mobility of D. magna. As to their impact on the 

luminescence, nano-TiO 2 causes a dose-effect type increase starting at a dose of 200 mg/L. Nano-Ag caused a 35% immobilization at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L 

while Ag 200 nm had no effect at the same dose. Above 0.1 mg/L, Ag 20 nm and 200 nm caused 100% immobilization. Nano-Ag and Ag 200 nm respectively inhibited 

the bioluminescence by 12% and 15% at a concentration of 10 mg/L. 

A co-culture system for HT29-MTX cells, that produce mucous membrane, and Caco-2 cells was successfully set up and will be used in order to test the use of nanoparticles. 

The initial results indicate that under co-culture conditions, the cells are less sensitive to the oxidizing stress resulting from nanoparticles.


1NANO2HYBRIDS 

Title 

Interface design of metal nanocluster-carbon 

nanotube hybrids via control of structural and 

chemical defects in a plasma discharge 

Fields 

nanomaterials, surface treatments, materials 

analysis 

Partners 

• Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 

(Institut des Matériaux de Nantes, F) 

• Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix 

(FUNDP, B) 

• Sensotran S.L. (SP) 


• Université Libre de Bruxelles (B) 

• Université Rovira/Virgili (SP) 

• Vega Science Trust, VEGA (UK) 


Jérôme Guillot (CRP - Gabriel Lippmann) 


Jean-Jacques Pireaux (FUNDP) 

Period 

October 2006 - March 2010 



Subject 

This project’s objective is to produce a detector for volatile organic compounds, notably benzene. Detection will be made by means of sensors made of hybrid materials: 

carbon nanotubes to which various metals or metallic oxides will be affixed, the conductivity of which is sensitive to the chemical environment in which they 

find themselves. SAM’s involvement in the production of these new materials will be both from the standpoint of the attainment of the metallic deposits by means of 

atmospheric plasma treatments, as well as the characterization of these compounds on the nanometre level. The project should culminate in this new sensor’s complete 

development and marketing. 


Results 

The use of a DBD atmospheric pressure plasma reactor makes it possible to carry out, in one step, the cleaning and activation of the surface of carbon nanotubes, 

as well as the deposit of metallic clusters and metallic oxides, the size of which is between 1 and 10 nm. Several metals were studied and a great variety of hybrid 

materials was therefore obtained by controlling the size, distribution and chemical state of the clusters, etc. The performances of the sensors prepared from these 

materials were tested in order to optimize the synthesis parameters and to meet the industrial partner’s specifications. The final detector consists of several sensors, 

for which the cross-referenced data serve to increase the sensitivity and selectiveness. Applications for patent filings have been made for the gas detector itself, and 

for the functionalization technique developed at the SAM.


1NAPOLYDE 

Title 

Nano-structured polymer deposit processes for 

mass production of innovative systems for energy 

production & control and for smart devices 

Fields 

surface treatment, nanomaterials 

Partners 

• Alma Consulting Group (F) 

• ArcelorMittal Research Liège (B) 

• Bar-Ilan University (IL) 

• CEA (F) 

• Czech Technical University in Prag (CZ) 

• Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 

(Laboratoire Laplace, F) 

• Centre Suisse d’Electronique et de 

Microtechnique (CSEM, CH) 

• EADS Deutschland GmbH (D) 

• Elceram a.s. (CZ) 

• Konarka (A) 

• Materials Design and Processing srl [I) 

• Saint-Gobain Recherche SA (F) 



• Scandinavian Micro Biodevices (DK) 

• Siemens Aktiengesellschaft (D) 

• Solaronix SA (CH) 

• Sopra SA (F) 

• ST Microelectronics (F) 

• Surface Innovation Ltd (UK) 

• The Boc Edwards Group (UK) 

• Tyndall - UCC - National University 

of Ireland (IR) 

• University of Bari (I) 

• University of Ulm (D) 

• Vienna University of Technology (A) 



Period 

August 2007 - March 2009 

Subject 

Twenty-four partners, including worldwide industrial leaders, small innovative companies, technological 

research centres and university laboratories, have come together to jointly carry out research in order to 

develop applications and processes on the basis of thin layers, for large volume markets. The CRP - Gabriel 

Lippmann joined the consortium in August 2007, and now contributes to the scientific management 

of the project and to the fine characterization of thin layers. 

This project’s objective is firstly to develop technologies using dry means (plasma) and wet means 

(sol-gel) in order to deposit thin layers of nano-structured polymers and, secondly, to provide online control 

tools in order to ensure the quality and reproducibility of the deposited films within installations with 

a high production capacity. 


Results 

The project ended with the design of various demonstrators that are the result of the work between the 

research centres and the industrial partners. The applications of plasma deposit technologies have led to 

the preparation of thin polymer layers in order to establish diffusion barriers so as to protect photovoltaic 

cells and micro-batteries, scratch-resistant films for polymer glass, easier to clean surfaces for stainless 

steel supports and porous layers intended for use in the cathodes of lithium micro-batteries. For the solgel 

deposit techniques, the applications targeted the domain of catalysts and gaseous micro-sensors 

thanks to the development of nano-porous structures


1NIS II 

Title 

Negative Ion Sources – II 

Field 

scientific instrumentation 

Partner 

Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (F) 


Tom Wirtz 

Period 

January 2009 - November 2009 



Subject 

The NanoSIMS 50 has been an enormous success since its installation in 2002 in Luxembourg. One major handicap still has to be overcome with this instrument, 

however. Indeed, the excellent lateral resolution that underpins the reputation of the NanoSIMS is only possible with the primary Cs + source (therefore in negative 

secondary mode). The duoplasmatron source available on the instrument does not allow the production of O - probes having diameters that are compatible with the 

ultimate resolution of the NanoSIMS. 

Consequently, the NanoSIMS’s potential is not available in positive secondary mode and the instrument cannot be used to consider significant issues in biology, 

medicine and materials science. 

The NIS project is intended to develop high brilliance negative ion sources (I - , F - , Cl - , Br - , O - ) that will make it possible to work with very small diameter probes. These 

sources will be based on surface ionization and field emission principles. 

The practical use of these new sources requires perfect control of the phenomena encountered during the SIMS analyses using negative primary bombardment; NIS 

II also includes a systematic study of these phenomena. 


Results 

A duoplasmatron source was modified and operated with various gas mixtures in order to create O - , F - , I - and Br - beams. For each of these negative ions, optimal 

operating conditions were determined. With these operating methods, brilliance measurements were carried out on a test bench that had been specially developed 

for this purpose. This study showed interesting brilliance figures, notably in F - mode when compared with the O - mode that is currently used with SIMS instruments. 

These beams were then used on a SIMS instrument in order to carry out experiments of a more basic nature, the objective of which was a better understanding of the 

mechanisms involved during bombardment with electronegative species, as well as their impact on the resulting analytical performances. In this context, the influence 

of the employed negative ion on the ionization of the emitted particles, and therefore on the analysis sensitivity, was brought to light.


1NIS III 

Title 

Negative Ion Sources – III 

Field 

scientific instrumentation 

Partner 

Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (F) 


Tom Wirtz 

Period 

December 2009 - October 2010 



Subject 

The NanoSIMS 50 has been an enormous success since its installation in 2002 in Luxembourg. One major handicap still has to be overcome with this instrument, 

however. Indeed, the excellent lateral resolution that underpins the reputation of the NanoSIMS is only possible with the primary Cs + source (therefore in negative 

secondary mode). The duoplasmatron source available on the instrument does not allow the production of O - probes having diameters that are compatible with the 

ultimate resolution of the NanoSIMS. 

Consequently, the NanoSIMS’s potential is not available in positive secondary mode and the instrument cannot be used to consider significant issues in biology, 

medicine and materials science. 

The NIS project is intended to develop high brilliance negative ion sources (I - , F - , Cl - , Br - , O - ) that will make it possible to work with very small diameter probes. These 

sources will be based on surface ionization and field emission principles. 

The practical use of these new sources requires perfect control of the phenomena encountered during the SIMS analyses using negative primary bombardment; NIS 

II also includes a systematic study of these phenomena. 


Results 

A duoplasmatron source was modified and operated with various gas mixtures in order to create O - , F - , I - and Br - beams. For each of these negative ions, optimal 

operating conditions were determined. With these operating methods, brilliance measurements were carried out on a test bench that had been specially developed 

for this purpose. This study showed interesting brilliance figures, notably in F - mode when compared with the O - mode that is currently used with SIMS instruments. 

These beams were then used on a SIMS instrument in order to carry out experiments of a more basic nature, the objective of which was a better understanding of the 

mechanisms involved during bombardment with electronegative species, as well as their impact on the resulting analytical performances. In this context, the influence 

of the employed negative ion on the ionization of the emitted particles, and therefore on the analysis sensitivity, was brought to light.


1NSF - BCN 

Title 

Materials world network: design, growth, 

and properties of boron-based thin films for 

electronics and nanosized electronics 

Field 


Partner 

Université du Texas, Austin (USA) 


John G. Ekerdt (Université du Texas) 


Nathalie Valle (CRP - Gabriel Lippmann) 

Period 




Subject 

In the short term, thin films of boron carbonitride (BC x N y designated as BCN) offer promising applications in electronics because of their barrier properties. In the 

longer term, in the domain of nano-electronics, BCN could be used as a passive film on silicon and germanium nanowires that would be useful for the preparation 

of chemical sensors, or also as a field emission source. Motivated by these potential applications, this project’s objective is to carry out a complete study of BCN 

dielectric films. 

This project focuses on the preparation of BCN films using various surface treatment methods (chemical / physical deposit in vapour phase, assisted by plasma or 

not) and on the characterization of these films (primarily by mass spectrometry of the secondary ions and XPS spectroscopy). This takes in three thesis subjects: 

• growth and properties of BCN ultrafine films; 

• application of BCN films in nano-electronics; 

• preparation and characterization of BCN thin films. 

This project is financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR) as part of the “Material World Network” programme and co-financed by the FNR as part 

of the Aides à la formation-recherche (AFR - Training-research aid). 

Results 

The work focused on a study of thick films (from 40 to 70 nm) of the type B C N , obtained by CVD by the American partner. They were prepared using a precursor, 

x y z 

namely dimethylamine borane, and two co-reactive gases, C H4 and NH , used in order to adjust the carbon and nitrogen concentrations. Their compositions were 

2 3 

determined by XPS spectroscopy (45.7≤ B ≤67.6; 6.8≤ C ≤43.1; 1.3≤ N ≤26.8 at). %). The broad range of compositions obtained made it possible to use these samples 

as standards for the SIMS measurements, and to establish relations between the XPS compositions and the ionic intensities measured by SIMS. 

Two quantitative SIMS approaches were used: the intensities of the major elements B, C and N were recorded either in the form of MCs + + + and MCs (MCs mode) 

2 

clusters, or in the form of monoatomic ions (M- mode). In MCs + mode, the existence of linear relations between the MCs + intensities measured for boron, carbon and 

nitrogen and their respective contents measured by XPS was brought to light. It demonstrates the feasibility of SIMS quantitative measurements on thick films in positive 

mode. The first measurements in M- mode were obtained with and without the simultaneous deposit of Cs0 in order to verify if the excitement of ionization yields, 

primarily involving carbon, is possible. The interpretation of these new results is in progress.


1OWIT 

Title 

Optimised wire treatment for smart devices 

Fields 

scientific instrumentation, surface treatments 

Partners 

• Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung 

(D) 

• Université Henri Poincaré Nancy I (F) 


Tom Wirtz 

Period 

April 2009 - June 2012 



Subject 

We currently note increasing interest in wires and fibres with special surface treatments. Such “intelligent” wires or fibres are finding applications in many high-tech 

domains (manufacturing of fabrics that generate electricity, wires with a piezoelectric effect, wires used as sensors, wires with anti-corrosion protection, wires resistant 

to wear for cutting applications, etc.). 

A preferred technique for providing these intelligent properties to wires or fibres consists of carrying out an ion implantation combined with a surface deposit process. 

The objective of the OWIT project is to develop a prototype instrument dedicated to such treatments for wires and fibres. The plasma configuration specific to this 

prototype instrument will be designed such as to obtain high deposit speeds, and consequently high wire unwinding speeds. Also, cylindrical plasma geometry will be 

developed in order to guarantee uniform treatment over the entire surface of the wire. 



Results 

An initial prototype was developed in 2009, on the basis of a plasma configuration determined during the project’s initial phase. This UHV instrument includes a differential 

pumping system with capillaries that allow for continuous circulation of the wires and fibres from spools located outside of the instrument, as well as a plasma 

treatment chamber, plasma diagnostic tools and dedicated supply and operational electronics. 

This instrument has now been completely assembled and is ready to be tested and characterized. The results obtained with this first prototype will allow the OWIT 

team to optimize the plasma configuration in order to improve the performances of the prototype’s beta version. 

In parallel with the instrumental development, an application focusing on piezoelectric fibres and wires was carried out using the existing non-optimized instrumentation 

in order to highlight the progress made on the level of the instrument, and to proceed with a typical application.


1PC SIMS 

Title 

Meaning of small molecular fragments 

in dynamic SIMS 

Fields 

SIMS analysis, fundamental research 

Partner 

Université de Strasbourg (F) 


Jean-Nicolas Audinot 


Period 




Subject 

Molecular fragments are generally studied with a pulsed bombardment of primary ions (static SIMS). The low surface disturbance provides for reduced fragmentation 

of the analyzed surface. In dynamic SIMS, we generally work in a balanced regime that considerably fragments molecules on the surface, thereby generating mono, 

di or even tri-atomic ions. However, depending on the dose of primary ions or of the primary energy, larger fragments can be detected. This study’s objective is to 

improve the knowledge regarding the formation process of these small clusters and to inventory the ones that can serve to provide relevant information on an organic 

or biological compound studied, for example, using the NanoSIMS 50 or the SC Ultra. 


Results 

Many samples of polymer materials such as polystyrene, poly 4 vinyl pyridine, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polyvinyl alcohol and polytetrafluoroethylene 

were used during this work. Various groups (Cn, O 2 , Cl 2 , CN, Cs 2 Cn, etc.) released from these polymers were detected under Cs + ionic bombardment. The change 

of the concentration of the various atoms on the surface of the sample was simulated using a dynamic Monte Carlo algorithm (TRIDYN program). The obtained simulation results 

were compared with the experimental results in the regime prior to balance and the cluster formation studies. The XPS measurements were used to complete the TRIDYN data. 

The KED kinetic energy distributions were also measured in order to study the surface tension variations. All of these experimental and simulation results made it possible to 

understand and explain the effect of structural modifications of polymers during SIMS sputtering (load effect, ionization, etc.).


1PIES 

Title 

Parallel Ion and Electron Spectrometry 

Fields 


Partners 


• FEI (NL) 

• Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische 

Hochschule Aachen (D) 



Tom Wirtz 

Period 




Subject 

Significant progress and “breakthrough” developments in materials science, biology and medicine are blocked with increasing frequency due to the absence of adequate 

analysis techniques. In particular, an analytical tool providing the imaging of samples while simultaneously providing excellent spatial resolution and chemical 

information with excellent sensitivity is sorely lacking. On the one hand, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) provides very high resolution images (sub-Å), but 

the chemical information is limited in sensitivity in terms of its %. On the other hand, Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) is an extremely sensitive technique 

(ppm-ppb), but its lateral resolution is currently limited to 50 nm. It is important to note that physical limitations (dimensions of the collision cascades, number of atoms 

per voxel) will never allow SIMS resolutions greater than 10 nm. Parallel spectrometry of ions and electrons would make it possible to go beyond these limits. 

The PIES project is therefore intended to develop a new instrument that will allow the parallel and in situ spectrometry of ions and electrons in order to correlate structural 

information on the scale of 1 nanometre with very sensitive chemical information. This instrument will therefore be capable of combining the unique advantages 

of the SIMS and TEM techniques. 


Results 

The PIES project began in 2009 with the development of a very reduced dimension lens that would make it possible to extract the secondary ions emitted by the 

sample and to inject them correctly into the mass spectrometer. Also, technical choices were made regarding the various accessories, notably on the level of the 

transmission electron microscopy with which the PIES instrument will be equipped.


1PLASMA-NCT 

Title 

Plasma coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes 

(MWNCTs) 

Fields 


Partner 

Goodyear 



Period 




Subject 


Results 



1PLASMA-WIRES 

Title 

Preliminary Study of the potentialities by PE- 

CVD to deposit adhesive layer on metallic and 

polymer wires 

Fields 


Partner 

Goodyear 



Period 

April 2009 - September 2009 



Subject 


Results 



1REVAD 

Title 

Nanoengineering of reversible adhesion 

between metallic and polymer surfaces: tailoring 

of new functional surfaces by combination of 

nanotexturing and plasma polymerization 

Field 

surface treatments 

Partners 

• Centre Suisse d’Electronique et de 

Microtechnique (CH) 

• CRP - Gabriel Lippmann (EVA) 

• Novelis (L) 

• Université du Michigan (USA) 



Period 

May 2009 - April 2012 



Subject 

The project focuses on the domain of reversible adhesion. The objective is significant progress on the level of the understanding and characterization of the existing 

interactions between materials with nanotextured surfaces as well as materials with functionalized surfaces by means of plasma polymerization or chemistry in solution. 

With the help of a multidisciplinary approach that combines digital, chemical, biological, physical and mechanical simulations, several new aspects were studied 

relative to the interaction between modified surfaces and the reversible adherence property. As such, the parameters leading to sturdy and reversible adherence 

should be identified. 



Results 

The activities of the three units began, focusing on plasma-based surface functionalization (WP1), surface nanotexturing (WP2) and the study of adhesion forces and 

of structures at the interface by means of digital simulations (WP3). 

• WP1: reversible adhesion is based on the Diels-Alder reaction that involves groupings of dienophile and diene. The experimental study began with the development 

of an aluminium surface bearing the dienophile while combining a plasma polymer deposit followed by a reaction in solution. The obtained results are promising, but 

require confirmation through additional testing. At present, the efforts are focused on obtaining the PET surface that carries the diene. The objective is to carry out 

an adhesion test between the two functionalized substrates in order to verify if the initially proposed synthesis strategy can be attained. 

• WP2: surface nanotexturing, based on the response of diatoms by means of a gentle lithography technique, was also studied, beginning with the selection of the 

species that would be used. The choice was made for spherical diatoms in order to minimize any agglomeration phenomena. The first negative response in PDMS 

was successfully obtained. However, as the second response was not of sufficient quality, certain parameters linked to the polymerization of the PDMS are currently 

being studied. 

• WP3: considerable work remains to be done in the domain of digital simulation. Initially, digital simulations therefore concentrated on the study of the adhesion forces 

between the aluminium oxide layer and the carboxyl groups deposited with the use of plasma.


1SIMS-SPM 

Title 

Combined SIMS-SPM instrument for high sensitivity 

and high resolution elemental 3D analysis 

Fields 


Partners 

• Ferrovac GmbH (CH) 

• Specs-Zürich GmbH (CH) 

• Université de Bâle (Département de 

physique, CH) 


Ernst Meyer (Université de Bâle) 

Tom Wirtz (CRP - Gabriel Lippmann) 

Period 




Subject 

With a lateral resolution of 50 nm as well as excellent mass resolution, the NanoSIMS is used for high-resolution chemical imaging. Its main application domains are 

the semiconductor industry, the glass industry and, with increasing frequency, biological and medical applications as well as nanotechnologies. 

However, the 3-D resolution actually obtained nevertheless shows a deficit relative to the instrument’s intrinsic performances. Indeed, the 3-D reconstruction of the 

analyzed volume does not take into account the roughness of the surface of the analyzed samples. Moreover, this roughness changes during the analysis as a result 

of ion bombardment. 

Additional in situ imaging of the surface roughness by Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) would make it possible to take the aforementioned artefacts into account, 

and to correct them. This project targets the development of a prototype instrument combining the SIMS and SPM techniques in order to be able to produce 3-D ion 

imaging with excellent spatial resolution and excellent sensitivity. 

This project is financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR) as part of its participation in the “ERA-NET Matera” network. 

Results 

The prototype’s development began in early 2009. After having developed the instrument’s concept, the prototype’s sub-assemblies were designed and manufactured, 

and already partially tested. 

At the same time, a 3-D reconstruction software program was developed in order to be able to superimpose the SIMS and SPM data and therefore to be able to create 

3-D mappings with chemical information on the analyzed volume. To test this software and to demonstrate the potential of the SIMS-SPM combination, various 

samples were analyzed by NanoSIMS and by AFM.


1STORING MATTER III 

Title 

Storing Matter for Analytical Purposes – III 

Fields 



Tom Wirtz 

Period 

March 2008 - October 2011 



Subject 

Based on an innovative idea, the aim of STORING MATTER is to design a new scientific instrument enabling quantitative and very sensitive surface analyses. The 

project’s basic idea is to uncouple the sample’s sputtering from the analysis phase. The surface of the sample to be analyzed is sputtered with a beam of ions. The 

particles emitted under the impact of these primary ions (molecules, atoms, ions) are deposited in the form of a sub-monolayer on a collector under UHV. It is only 

during a second step that the material deposited on the collectors will be analyzed using analytical instruments (SIMS, Auger, XPS, UPS, electronic probe, fluorescence 

X, etc.). 

The objective of the STORING MATTER III project is the characterization of this new analysis technique on very varied samples in order to demonstrate the technique’s 

potential in terms of sensitivity and quantification. It focuses both on organic and inorganic samples. 


Results 

The sensitivity of the Storing Matter technique was highlighted for electro-negative and electro-positive elements. By optimizing the collector’s surface (amongst other 

things by the choice of material), sensitivities greater than or equal to those obtained by SIMS were attained. The losses occurring during the sputtering-deposit process 

can be more than compensated by high ionization yields during the collector’s subsequent analysis, thanks to optimized output working conditions. 

The application of the Storing Matter technique to a semiconductor (boosting of B to 10 15 at/cm 3 ) helped to bring the excellent sensitivity to light. Moreover, the technique 

makes it possible to avoid the matrix effect that is observed with SIMS between SiO 2 and Si for this type of sample, that prevents traditional SIMS quantification. 

Finally, the team was able to show that Storing Matter provides for organic identification while increasing the analytical sensitivity thanks to the good choice of the 

nature of the collector.


1TRASU 

Title 

Development of innovative surfaces by 

means of optimized plasma techniques and 

technological transfer to industries 

Field 


Partners 

• Arcelor Bettembourg 

• Arcelor Dudelange 

• Balzers 

• Ceodeux-Puretec 

• Ceratizit 

• Circuit Foil 

• CRP - Henri Tudor (LTI) 

• Ewald Giebel 


de la Paix (LISE, B) 

• Flemish Institute for Technological 

Research (VITO, B) 

• Fraunhofer (Braunschweig, D) 

• Goodyear 

• Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine 

(LSGS, F) 

• Novelis 

• Universität des Saarlandes (Saarbrücken, D) 



• Université du Luxembourg (LPM) 

• Université Henri Poincaré Nancy I (LPMIA, F) 

• Université Henri Poincaré Nancy I (LCSM, F) 

• Université Pierre et Marie Curie (LGPPTS, F) 


Patrick Choquet (CRP - Gabriel Lippmann) 

David Ruch (CRP - Henri Tudor) 

Period 

May 2005 - October 2009 

Subject 

The objective of the TRASU project is to develop 

innovative surface treatments with the help of 

plasma technology. In collaboration with several 

academic and industrial partners, SAM is developing 

fundamental research on the physicalchemical 

processes in plasmas, the plasma-surface 

interactions and the growth mechanisms of 

thin layers. This fundamental research is supporting 

several work packages, in which innovative 

surface treatments assisted by plasma are being 

used to resolve the problems of Luxembourg’s 

manufacturers in the areas of corrosion and wear 

resistance, surface cleaning or the modification 

of adherence and gluing properties. The LTI, in 

collaboration with VITO and its industrial partners, is concentrating on the technology transfer to industry 

regarding the surface treatments for metals, assisted by plasma at atmospheric pressure. 

This project is financed by the [Luxembourg] National Research Fund (FNR) as part of the “Surface 

Treatment” programme. 

Results 

Close collaboration was established with the project’s seven industrial partners in order to assess, during 

the last year, the potential for a transfer of the research results for the purposes of industrial developments. 

Projects now based on bilateral collaboration are being set up, some began this year and others 

should be launched in 2010. 

The major results discussed relate to applications drawn from the following results: 

• good adhesion between a natural vulcanized elastomer and a silicone sheet is obtained if we first carry 

out a plasma treatment that is capable of creating hydroxyl groups on the elastomer’s surface; 

• films deposited by atmospheric plasma with a structure gradient between mineral and polymer with a 

nanometric thickness (10-15 nm) made it possible to obtain very strong adhesion between a flexible 

metallic sheet and an epoxy support; 

• supra-hydrophobic films with barrier properties were prepared using the atmospheric pressure DBD 

plasma process in HMDSO + O 2 mixtures on metallic sheets by adjusting the chemical composition and 

morphology of the layers on microscopic and nanometric scales; 

• thin coatings of Ni 3 Al with a thickness of 3 micrometres prepared by PVD serve to ensure corrosion protection 

for stainless steel mechanical parts in extreme atmospheres containing fluorine and/or chlorine; 

• the silicon or tantalum contents for producing hard coatings by PVD with nanocomposite structures 

resistant to wear at high temperatures were determined.


2 






department


2 



a. Publications not referenced in Thomson Reuters or Scopus 

b. Publications referenced in Thomson Reuters or Scopus 

c. Books, book chapters, conference proceedings 

d. Communication summaries 

e. Dissertations and theses


2 



International publications 

The CRP - Gabriel Lippmann’s researchers published the results of their research in more than 100 internal reports. Most of these reports are available from the 

CRP - Gabriel Lippmann secretariat. The most important results have been submitted for validation by the international scientific community. Below, the interested 

reader will find a list of publications or communications submitted to and accepted by international reviews or international scientific conferences. This list also includes 

the list of scientific work in which a researcher from the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann is the author or co-author, as well as reports relative to work performed in a 

department of the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann in order to obtain a university degree (DESS postgraduate diploma, DEA postgraduate qualification, etc.).


2 




M.E. Beltrami, L. Ector, F. Ciutti, C. Cappelletti, L. Hoffmann, E. Rott : 

« Longitudinal variations of benthic diatoms and water quality along a large river (Adige River) in Northern Italy », published in « Verhandlungen der Internationalen 

Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 30 », pp. 915-918, 2009. 

S. Carpentier, J. Renaut : 

« Recherche des marqueurs biologiques significatifs par analyses statistiques de données protéomiques », published in «Spectra Analyse 270 », pp. 40-45, 2009. 

J.-F. Exbrayat, L. Breuer, N.R. Viney, J. Seibert, S. Wrede, H.-G. Frede : 

« Ensemble predictions of hydro-biogeochemical fluxes at the landscape scale », published in « Proceedings of the 18 th World IMACS / MODSIM Congress. Modelling 

and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand and International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 13-17 July 2009, Cairns, Australia 

», 3165-3171, 2009. 

C. Fosty, S. Heitz, R. Hostache, P. Matgen, M. Montanari, L. Pfister : 

« Earth observation as a powerful tool for flood risk management », proceedings of the « 33 rd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment: sustaining 

the millenium development goals (ISRSE 33) », Stresa, Italie, 4 pages, 2009. 

L. Fuchs, A. Hollenberg, A. Krein, R. Mehler, P. Moche, R. Rohde, J. Sartor, V. Schaardt, K. Scholz, J. Tränckner : 

« Ermittlung abflusswirksamer Flächen für Niederschlag-Abfluss-Berechnungen in der Siedlungsentwässerung - Arbeitsbericht der DWA-Arbeitsgruppe ES 2.6 

«Abfluss- und Schmutzfrachtsimulation» », published in « Korrespondenz Abwasser Abfall 56, 7 », pp. 668- 674, 2009. 

P. Genot, A. Gillet, L. Hoffmann, G. Kugener: 

« Les forêts luxembourgeoises face au changement climatique », published in « FORUM 291 », pp. 54-56, 2009.


2 



A.M.J. Gerrits, H.H.G. Savenije, L. Pfister : 

« Canopy and forest floor interception and transpiration measurements in a mountainous beech forest in Luxembourg », proceedings of the « XXIV General Assembly 

of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG 2007): HS1003: Hydrology in Mountain Regions: Observations, Processes and Dynamics, Perugia, 

Italy, 13-17 July 2007 », published in D. Marks (Ed.) « IAHS Publication 326 », IAHS, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, Royaume-Uni, pp. 18-24, 2009. 

F. Giraud, M. Pasquali, C. Vrancken, E. Cocco, F. Munaut, M. El Jarroudi, T. Bohn, L. Hoffmann, P. Delfosse : 

« Fusariose du blé d’hiver - Détermination génétique des chémotypes : outil de prévention de la formation de fusariotoxines, l’expérience du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg 

», published in « Phytoma 622-623 », pp. 29-32, 2009. 

S. Heitz, P. Matgen, C. Hissler, L. Pfister, L. Hoffmann, H. Lievens, N.E.C. Verhoest : 

« Active and passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture: a critical assessment», proceedings of the « 193 e session du Comité Scientifique et Technique de 

la Société Hydrotechnique de France : utilisation de l’imagerie satellite pour l’étude de l’eau dans le sol et le proche sous-sol, 31 mars et 1 er avril 2009, Toulouse, 

France », 2009. 

R. Hostache, P. Matgen, M. Montanari, C. Fosty, L. Pfister : 

« Assessment and reduction of hydro-meteorological model forecasting uncertainty using an autoregressive error model and bivariate meta-gaussian density », 

published in « Proceedings of the 4 th IASME/WSEAS International Conference on Water Resources, Hydraulics & Hydrology (WHH ‘09), 24-26 February 2009, 

Cambridge, United Kingdom », pp. 110-118, 2009. 

J. Junk, A. Helbig, A. Krein : 

« Mortality and air pollution under different weather conditions – an example from Western Europe », published in « International Journal of Environment and Waste 

Management 4 », pp. 197-212, 2009. 

A. Krein, J.Y. Pailler, C. Guignard, J.-F. Iffly, L. Pfister, L. Hoffmann : 

« Behaviour of dissolved xenobiotics in a Luxembourgish surface water », proceedings of « Extended proceedings of the Xenobiotics in the urban water cycle conference 

Xenowac 2009, March 2009, Paphos, Cyprus », Université de Chypre, Nicosie, Chypre, 2009.


2 



H. Lievens, J. Álvarez-Mozos, P. Marzahn, R. Ludwig, P. Matgen, L. Hoffmann, N.E.C. Verhoest : 

« Soil moisture retrieval from SAR using modeled effective roughness », proceedings of the « Earth Observation and Water Cycle (EOWC) Symposium, 

18-20 November, 2009, Frascati, Italy », 2009. 

N. Martinez-Carreras, A. Krein, J.-F. Iffly, L. Pfister, L. Hoffmann : 

« ‘Fingerprint’ – Ansätze zur Charakterisierung von Sedimentquellen in Flusseinzugsgebieten – Fallbeispiele und Unsicherheitsanalysen », proceedings of the 

« Seminarreihe Regionale Wasserwirtschaft in Theorie und Praxis – „Relevanz von Feinpartikeln in der Hydrologie und Wasserwirtschaft“, Oktober 2009, Trier », 

pp. 15-23, 2009. 

M. Pasquali, E. Cocco, T. Bohn, L. Hoffmann, F. Giraud : 

« Fusariose du blé d’hiver et prévention des mycotoxines. Un outil expérimenté au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg », published in « Phytoma 629 », pp. 17-20, 2009. 

L. Pfister : 

« How can experimental hydrology create generalisable hypotheses from equivocal insights gained from small basin studies », proceedings of the A. Hermann, 

S. Schumann (éditeurs) « Landschaftsökologie und Umweltforschung 50: Extended abstracts: International Workshop on Status and Perspectives of Hydrology in 

Small Basins, Goslar-Hahnenklee, Germany, 30 March - 2 April 2009 », pp. 209-214, 2009. 

L. Pfister, A. Freyermuth, L. Hoffmann : 

« Le climat du Luxembourg au fil du temps », published in « FORUM 291», pp. 48-50, 2009. 

L. Pfister, P. Matgen, S. Wrede, J.-F. Iffly : 

« On the dialogue between experimental hydrologists and hydrological modellers: the example of the Alzette river experimental basin », published in A. Hermann, 

S. Schumann (éditeurs), « Extended abstracts: Workshop on hydrology in small basins 2009. Landschaftsökologie und Umweltforschung 50 », pp. 215-219, 2009. 

S. Skraber, C. Gantzer, K. Helmi, L. Hoffmann, H.-M. Cauchie : 

« Simultaneous concentration of enteric viruses and protozoan parasites: a protocol based on tangential flow filtration and adapted to large volumes of surface and 

drinking waters », published in « Food and Environmental Virology 1 », pp. 66-76, 2009.


2 



N. Titeux, G. Biver, P. Lorgé, L. Hoffmann : 

« Implementation of the Common Bird Monitoring scheme in Luxembourg », published in « Bird Census News 22 », pp. 42-50, 2009. 

S. Wrede, L. Pfister, A. Krein, T. Bogaard, H.H.G. Savenije, S. Uhlenbrook : 

« Multiscale investigation of catchment functioning using environmental tracers: Insights from the mesoscale Attert basin in Luxembourg », published in « Geophysical 

Research Abstracts 11 », 6285-1, 2009. 

S. Wrede, L. Pfister, A. Krein, J.-F. Iffly, T. Bogaard, S. Uhlenbrook, H.H.G. Savenije : 

« Learning from observations: Research experiences from experimental basins in Luxembourg », proceedings of the A. Hermann, S. Schumann (éditeurs), « Landschaftsökologie 

und Umweltforschung 50: Extended abstracts: International Workshop on Status and Perspectives of Hydrology in Small Basins, Goslar-Hahnenklee, 

Germany, 30 March - 2 April 2009 », pp. 283-285, 2009.


2 




É. Ács, E.A. Morales, K.T. Kiss, B. Bolla, A. Plenković-Moraj, M.N. Reskóné, L. Ector : 

« Staurosira grigorszkyi nom. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) an araphid diatom from Lake Balaton, Hungary, with notes on Fragilaria hungarica Pantocsek », published in 

« Nova Hedwigia 89 », pp. 469-483, 2009. 

IF : 0.619 

Domaine : Plant sciences, Classement : 109/156 

N. Ahsan, J. Renaut, S. Komatsu : 

« Recent development in the application of proteomics to the analysis of plant responses to heavy metals », published in « Proteomics 9 », pp. 2602-2621, 2009. 

IF : 4.586 

Domaines : 

Biochemical research methods, Classement : 8/65 

Biochemistry & molecular biology, Classement : 56/ 275 

C.M. André, M. Oufir, L. Hoffmann, J.F. Hausman, H. Rogez, Y. Larondelle, D. Evers : 

« Influence of environment and genotype on polyphenol compounds and in vitro antioxidant capacity of native Andean potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) », published 

in « Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 22 », pp. 517-524, 2009. 

IF : 2.457 

Domaines : 

Chemistry, applied, Classement : 12/61 

Food science & technology, Classement : 13/107


2 



C.M. André, R. Schafleitner, C. Guignard, M. Oufir, C.A.A. Aliaga, G. Nomberto, L. Hoffmann, J.F. Hausman, D. Evers, Y. Larondelle : 

« Modification of the health-promoting value of potato tubers field grown under drought stress: emphasis on dietary antioxidant and glycoalkaloid contents in five 

native Andean cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) », published in « Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57 », pp. 599-609, 2009. 

IF : 2.562 

Domaines : 

Agriculture, multidisciplinary, Classement : 2/35 

Chemistry, applied, Classement : 8/61 

Food science & technology, Classement : 10/107 

C.M. André, R. Schafleitner, S. Legay, I. Lefèvre, C.A. Alvarado Aliaga, G. Nomberto, L. Hoffmann, J.F. Hausman, Y. Larondelle, D. Evers : 

« Gene expression changes related to the production of phenolic compounds in potato tubers grown under drought stress », published in « Phytochemistry 70 », 

pp. 1107-1116, 2009. 

IF : 2.946 


I. Bertrand, M. Maux, K. Helmi, L. Hoffmann, J. Schwartzbrod, H.-M. Cauchie : 

« Quantification of Giardia transcripts during in vitro excystation: Interest for the estimation of cyst viability », published in « Water Research 43 », pp. 2728-2738, 

2009. 

IF : 3.587 

Domaines : 

Engineering environmental, Classement : 3/38 

Environmental sciences, Classement : 13/163 

Water resources, Classement : 1/60 

S. Blanco, L. Ector : 

« Distribution, ecology and nuisance effects of the freshwater invasive diatom Didymosphenia geminata (Lyngbye) M. Schmidt: a literature review », published in 

« Nova Hedwigia 88 », pp. 347-422, 2009. 

IF : 0.619 

Domaine : Plant sciences, Classement : 109/156


2 



S. Blanco, M.H. Novais, L. Hoffmann, L. Ector : 

« Eolimna becaresii sp. nov., a new diatom taxon from Spanish shallow lake », published in « Diatom Research 24 », pp. 487-494, 2009. 

IF : 0.607 

Domaine : Marine & freshwater biology, Classement : 72/87 

F. Bouraoui, B. Grizzetti, G. Adelskold, H. Behrendt, I. de Miguel, M. Silgram, S. Gomez, K. Granlund, L. Hoffmann, B. Kronvang, S. Kvaerno, A. Lazar, 

M. Mimikou, G. Passarella, P. Panagos, H. Reisser, B. Schwarzl, C. Siderius, A.S. Sileika, A.A.M.F.R. Smit, R. Sugrue, M. VanLiedekerke, J. Zaloudik : 

« Basin characteristics and nutrient losses: the EUROHARP catchment network perspective », published in « Journal of Environmental Monitoring 11 », pp. 515-525, 

2009. 

IF : 1.989 

Domaines : 

Chemistry, analytical, Classement : 26/70 


L.H.Z. Branco, L. Hoffmann, J.P. Teixeira, V. Ferreira, J.C. de Morais Filho : 

« Aerophytic cyanoprokaryotes from the Atlantic rainforest region of Sao Paulo State, Brazil: Chroococcales and Oscillatoriales », published in « Cryptogamie, 

Algologie 30 », pp. 135-152, 2009. 

IF : 0.667 

Domaines : 

Marine & freshwater biology, Classement : 69/87 

Plant sciences, Classement : 105/156 

I. Chaves, C. Pinheiro, J.A.P. Paiva, S. Planchon, K. Sergeant, J. Renaut, J.A. Graça, G. Costa, A.V. Coelho, C.P. Pinto Ricardo : 

« Proteomic evaluation of wound-healing processes in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber tissue », published in « Proteomics 9 », pp. 4154-4175, 2009. 

IF : 4.586 

Domaines : 


Biochemistry & molecular biology, Classement : 56/ 275


2 



J. Colombet, M. Charpin, A. Robin, C. Portelli, C. Amblard, H.-M. Cauchie, T. Sime-Ngando : 

« Seasonal depth-related gradients in virioplankton: standing stock and relationships with microbial communities in Lake Pavin (France) », published in « Microbial 

Ecology 58 », pp. 728-736, 2009. 

IF : 2.885 

Domaines : 

Ecology, Classement : 35/124 


Microbiology, Classement : 27/91 

A. Damm, A. Erler, B. Gioli, K. Hamdi, R. Hutjes, M. Kosvancova, M. Meroni, F. Miglietta, A. Moersch, J. Moreno, A. Schickling, R. Sonnenschein, 

T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, C. van der Tol, P. Hostert, U. Rascher : 

« Remote sensing of sun-induced fluorescence yield to improve modelling of diurnal courses of Gross Primary Production (GPP) », published in « Global Change 

Biology 16 », pp. 171-186, 2009. 

IF : 5.876 

Domaines : 

Biodiversity conservation, Classement : 2/28 



P. Delaplace, M.L. Fauconnier, K. Sergeant, J.F. Dierick, M. Oufir, F. van der Wal, A.H.P. America, J. Renaut, J.F. Hausman, P. du Jardin : 

« Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber ageing induces changes in the proteome and antioxidants associated with the sprouting pattern », published in « Journal of 

Experimental Botany 60 », pp. 1273-1288, 2009. 

IF : 4.001 

Domaine : Plant sciences, Classement : 15/156


2 



P.N. Den Outer, H. Slaper, J. Kaurola, A. Lindfors, A. Kazantzidis, A.F. Bais, U. Feister, J. Junk, M. Janouch, W. Josefsson : 

« Reconstructing UV for the past 4 decades using models and measurements », published in « Journal of Geophysical Research, Doi: 10.1029/2009JD012827 », 

2009. 

IF : 3.147 

Domaine: Geosciences, multidisciplinary: 11/144 

N. Desoignies, M. Eickermann, P. Delfosse, E. Kremer, N. Godart, L. Hoffmann, A. Legreve : 

« First Report of Plasmodiophora brassicae on Rapeseed in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg », published in « Plant Disease 93 », pp. 1220-1220, 2009. 

IF : 1.874 


T. Eybe, T. Bohn, J.N. Audinot, T. Udelhoven, H.-M. Cauchie, H.-N. Migeon, L. Hoffmann : 

« Uptake visualization of deltamethrin by NanoSIMS and acute toxicity to the water flea Daphnia magna », published in « Chemosphere 76 », pp. 134-140, 2009. 

IF : 3.054 

Domaine : Environmental sciences, Classement : 23/163 

E. Falasco, S. Blanco, F. Bona, J. Gomà, D. Hlúbiková, M.H. Novais, L. Hoffmann, L. Ector : 

« Taxonomy, morphology and distribution of the Sellaphora stroemii complex (Bacillariophyceae) », published in « Fottea 9 », pp. 243-256, 2009. 

E. Falasco, F. Bona, G. Badino, L. Hoffmann, L. Ector : 

« Diatom teratological forms and environmental alterations: a review », published in « Hydrobiologia 623 », pp. 1-35, 2009. 

IF : 1.449 

Domaine : Marine & freshwater biology, Classement : 36/87


2 



E. Falasco, F. Bona, M. Ginepro, D. Hlúbiková, L. Hoffmann, L. Ector : 

« Morphological abnormalities of diatom silica walls in relation to heavy metal contamination and artificial growth conditions », published in « Water SA 35 », pp. 595- 

606, 2009. 

IF : 0.721 

Domaine : Water resources, Classement : 47/60 

F. Fenicia, H.H.G. Savenije, Y. Avdeeva : 

« Anomaly in the rainfall-runoff behaviour of the Meuse catchment. Climate, land-use, or land-use management? », published in « Hydrology and Earth System 

Sciences 13 », pp. 1727-1737, 2009. 

IF : 2.167 

Domaines : 

Geosciences, multidisciplinary, Classement : 32/144 


F. Ferrari, C.E. Wetzel, L. Ector, S. Blanco, J.C.C. Viana, E.M. da Silva, D.C. Bicudo : 

« Perinotia diamantina sp. nov, a new diatom species from the Chapada Diamantina, Northeastern Brazil », published in « Diatom Research 24 », pp. 79-100, 2009. 

IF : 0.607 


A.M.J. Gerrits, H.H.G. Savenije, E.J.M. Veling, L. Pfister : 

« Analytical derivation of the Budyko curve based on rainfall characteristics and a simple evaporation model », published in « Water Resources Research 45 », 

W04403, 2009. 

IF : 2.398 

Domaines : 


Limnology, Classement : 2/19 

Water resources, Classement : 2/60


2 



N. Haus, T. Eybe, S. Zimmermann, B. Sures : 

« Is microwave digestion using TFM vessels a suitable preparation method for Pt determination in biological samples by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry? », 

published in « Analytica Chimica Acta 635 », pp. 53-57, 2009. 

IF : 3.146 

Domaine : Chemistry, analytical, Classement : 12/70 

H. Hellebrand, R. van den Bos, L. Hoffmann, J. Juilleret, A. Krein, L. Pfister : 

« Spatio-temporal variability of behavioral patterns in hydrology in meso-scale basins of the Rhineland Palatinate (1972-2002) », published in « Climatic Change 93 », 

pp. 223-242, 2009. 

IF : 3.202 

Domaines : 


Meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Classement : 7/52 

D. Hlúbiková, S. Blanco, E. Falasco, J. Gomà, L. Hoffmann, L. Ector : 

« Nitzschia alicae spec. nov. and N. puriformis spec. nov., new diatoms from European rivers and comparison with the type material of N. sublinearis and N. pura », 

published in « Journal of Phycology 45 », pp. 742-760, 2009. 

IF : 2.811 

Domaines : 



R. Hostache, P. Matgen, G. Schumann, C. Puech, L. Hoffmann, L. Pfister : 

« Water level estimation and reduction of hydraulic model calibration uncertainties using satellite SAR images of floods », published in « IEEE Transactions on 

Geoscience and Remote Sensing 47 », pp. 431-441, 2009. 

IF : 3.157 

Domaines : 

Engineering, electrical & electronic, Classement : 20/229 

Geochemistry & geophysics, Classement : 8/64 

Remote sensing, Classement : 2/15


2 



M. El Jarroudi, P. Delfosse, H. Maraite, L. Hoffmann, B. Tychon : 

« Assessing the accuracy of simulation model for Septoria leaf blotch disease progress on winter wheat », published in « Plant Disease 93 », pp. 983-992, 2009. 

IF : 1.874 


M. El Jarroudi, F. Giraud, C. Vrancken, J. Junk, B. Tychon, L. Hoffmann, P. Delfosse : 

« First report of wheat leaf rust in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the progress of its appearance over the 2003-2008 period », published in « Plant Disease 93 », 

pp. 971-971, 2009. 

IF : 1.874 


V. Jung, L. Hoffmann, S. Muller : 

« Ecophysiological responses of nine floodplain meadow species to changing hydrological conditions », published in « Plant Ecology 201 », pp. 589-598, 2009. 

IF : 1.730 

Domaines : 


Ecology , Classement : 6/39 

Forestry , Classement : 52/156 

V. Jung, C. Mony, L. Hoffmann, S. Muller : 

« Impact of competition on plant performances along a flooding gradient: a multi-species experiment », published in « Journal of Vegetation Science 20 », pp. 433- 

441, 2009. 

IF : 2.037 

Domaines : 


Forestry, Classement : 5/39 

Plant sciences, Classement : 39/156


2 



J. Junk, A. Helbig, A. Krein : 

« Mortality and air pollution under different weather conditions – an example from Western Europe », published in « International Journal of Environment and Waste 

Management 4 », pp. 197-212, 2009. 

M. Kelly, C. Bennett, M. Coste, C. Delgado, F. Delmas, L. Denys, L. Ector, C. Fauville, M. Ferreol, M. Golub, A. Jarlman, M. Kahlert, J. Lucey, B. Ni Chathain, 

I. Pardo, P. Pfister, J. Picinska-Faltynowicz, J. Rosebery, C. Schranz, J. Schaumburg, H. van Dam, S. Vilbaste : 

« A comparison of national approaches to setting ecological status boundaries in phytobenthos assessment for the European Water Framework Directive: results of 

an intercalibration exercise », published in « Hydrobiologia 621 », pp. 169-182, 2009. 

IF : 1.449 


P. Kieffer, S. Planchon, M. Oufir, J. Ziebel, J. Dommes, L. Hoffmann, J.F. Hausman, J. Renaut : 

« Combining proteomics and metabolite analyses to unravel cadmium stress-response in poplar leaves », published in « Journal of Proteome Research 8 », pp. 400- 

417, 2009. 

IF : 5.684 

Domaine : Biochemical research methods, Classement : 6/65 

P. Kieffer, P. Schröder, J. Dommes, L. Hoffmann, J. Renaut, J.F. Hausman : 

« Proteomic and enzymatic response of poplar to cadmium stress », published in « Journal of Proteomics 72 », pp. 379-396, 2009. 

B. Kronvang, H. Behrendt, H.E. Andersen, B. Arheimer, A. Barr, S.A. Borgvang, F. Bouraoui, K. Granlund, B. Grizzetti, P. Groenendijk, E. Schwaiger, 

J. Hejzlar, L. Hoffmann, H. Johnsson, Y. Panagopoulos, A. Lo Porto, H. Reisser, O. Schoumans, S. Anthony, M. Silgram, M. Venohr, S.E. Larsen : 

« Ensemble modelling of nutrient loads and nutrient load partitioning in 17 European catchments », published in « Journal of Environmental Monitoring 11 », pp. 572- 

583, 2009. 

IF : 1.989 

Domaines : 


Environmental sciences, Classement : 55/163


2 



J.P. Lasserre, F. Fack, D. Revets, S. Planchon, J. Renaut, L. Hoffmann, A. Gutleb, C. Muller, T. Bohn : 

« Effects of the endocrine disruptors atrazine and PCB 153 on the protein expression of MCF-7 human cells », published in « Journal of Proteome Research 8 », 

pp. 5485-5496, 2009. 

IF : 5.684 

Domaine : Biochemical research methods, Classement : 6/ 65 

S. Legay, D. Lamoureux, J.F. Hausman, L. Hoffmann, D. Evers : 

« Monitoring gene expression of potato under salinity using cDNA microarrays », published in « Plant Cell Reports 28 », pp. 1799-1816, 2009. 

IF : 1.946 


Y. Liu, J. Freer, K. Beven, P. Matgen : 

« Towards a limits of acceptability approach to the calibration of hydrological models: Extending observation error », published in « Journal of Hydrology 367 », 

pp. 93-103, 2009. 

IF : 2.305 

Domaines : 

Engineering, civil, Classement : 3/91 



A.T. Luís, P. Teixeira, S.F.P. Almeida, L. Ector, J.X. Matos, E.A. Ferreira da Silva : 

« Impact of acid mine drainage (AMD) on water quality, stream sediments and periphytic diatom communities in the surrounding streams of Aljustrel mining area 

(Portugal) », published in « Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 200 », pp. 147-167, 2009. 

IF : 1.398 

Domaine : Water resources, Classement: 15/60


2 



J.L. Lyche, A.C. Gutleb, Å. Bergman, G.S. Eriksen, A.J. Murk, E. Ropstad, M. Saunders, J.U. Skaare : 

« Reproductive and developmental toxicity of phthalates – a review », published in « Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 12 », pp. 225-249, 

2009. 

IF : 3.316 

Domaines : 


Public, environmental & occupational health, Classement : 15/105 

Toxicology : 14/75 

D. Maghradze, O. Failla, J. Turok, M. Amanov, A. Avidzba, N. Chkhartishvili, L. Costantini, V. Cornea, J.F. Hausman, S. Gasparian, K. Gogishvili, S. Gorislavets, 

E. Maul, G. Melyan, A. Pollulyakh, V. Risovanaya, G. Savin, A. Scienza, A. Smurigin, L. Troshin, N. Tsertsvadze, V. Volynkin : 

« Conservation and sustainable use of grapevine genetic resources in the Caucasus and Northern Black Sea region », published in « Acta Horticulturae 827 », 

pp. 155-158, 2009. 

A. Massalski, I. Kostikov, M. Olech, L. Hoffmann : 

« Mitosis, cytokinesis and multinuclearity in a Xanthonema (Xanthophyta) isolated from Antarctica », published in « European Journal of Phycology 44 », pp. 263-275, 

2009. 

IF : 1.826 

Domaines : 


Marine & freshwater biology, Classement : 50/156


2 



V. Mommaerts, G. Sterk, L. Hoffmann, G. Smagghe : 

« A laboratory evaluation to determine the compatibility of microbiological control agents with the pollinator Bombus terrestris », published in « Pest Management 

Science 65 », pp. 949-955, 2009. 

IF : 2.040 

Domaines : 

Agronomy, Classement : 7/49 

Entomology, Classement : 6/72 

M. Montanari, R. Hostache, P. Matgen, G. Schumann, L. Pfister, L. Hoffmann : 

« Calibration and sequential updating of a coupled hydrologic-hydraulic model using remote sensing-derived water stages », published in « Hydrology and Earth 

System Sciences 13 », pp. 367-380, 2009. 

IF : 2.167 

Domaines : 



J. Neal, G. Schumann, P. Bates, W. Buytaert, P. Matgen, F. Pappenberger : 

« A data assimilation approach to discharge estimation from space », published in « Hydrological Processes 23 », pp. 3641-3649, 2009. 

IF : 2.002 

Domaine : Water resources, Classement : 7/60 

M. H. Novais, S. Blanco, D. Hlúbiková, E. Falasco, J. Gomà, C. Delgado, P. Ivanov, É. Ács, M. Morais, L. Hoffmann, L. Ector : 

« Morphological examination and biogeography of the Gomphonema rosenstockianum and G. tergestinum species complex (Bacillariophyceae) », published in 

« Fottea 9 », pp. 257-274, 2009.


2 



A. Oren, J. Komarek, L. Hoffmann : 

« Nomenclature of the Cyanophyta/Cyanobacteria/Cyanoprokaryotes - What has happened since IAC Luxembourg? », published in « Archiv für Hydrobiologie 

Supplement Volume/Algological Studies 130 », pp. 17-26, 2009. 

IF : 1.293 

Domaines : 



M. Oufir, N. Schulz, P. Shaik Sha Vallikhan, E. Wilhelm, K. Burg, J.F. Hausman, L. Hoffmann, C. Guignard : 

« Simultaneous measurement of proline and related compounds in oak leaves by high-performance ligand-exchange chromatography and electrospray ionization 

mass spectrometry for environmental stress studies », published in « Journal of Chromatography A 1216 », pp. 1094-1099, 2009. 

IF : 3.756 

Domaines : 



J.Y. Pailler, C. Guignard, B. Meyer, J.-F. Iffly, L. Pfister, L. Hoffmann, A. Krein : 

« Behaviour and fluxes of dissolved antibiotics, analgesics and hormones during flood events in a small heterogeneous catchment in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg », 

published in « Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 203 », pp. 79-98, 2009. 

J.Y. Pailler, A. Krein, L. Pfister, L. Hoffmann, C. Guignard : 

« Solid phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of sulfonamides, tetracyclines, analgesics and hormones in surface 

water and wastewater in Luxembourg », published in « Science of the Total Environment 407 », pp. 4736-4743, 2009. 

IF : 2.579 

Domaine : Environmental sciences, Classement : 33/163


2 



M. Pasquali : 

« Stay tuned for multimedia browsing », published in « Science 326 », pp. 522, 2009. 

IF : 28.103 

Domaine : Multidisciplinary sciences, Classement : 2/42 

M. Pasquali, F. Giraud, C. Brochot, L. Hoffmann, T. Bohn : 

« First report of the nivalenol chemotype of Fusarium graminearum causing head blight of wheat in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg », published in « Plant Disease 

93 », pp. 1217-1217, 2009. 

IF : 1.874 


A. Pavlov, T. Nakov, Z. Levkov, P. Furey, R. Lowe, L. Ector : 

« Luticola grupcei (Bacillariophyceae) - a new freshwater diatom from Mountain Baba (Macedonia) and Great Smoky Mountains National Park (U.S.A.): comparison 

with the type material of L. goeppertiana (Bleisch) D.G. Mann », published in « Nova Hedwigia 89 », pp. 147-164, 2009. 

IF : 0.619 


L. Pfister, J.J. McDonnell, S. Wrede, D. Hlúbiková, P. Matgen, F. Fenicia, L. Ector, L. Hoffmann : 

« The rivers are alive: on the potential for diatoms as a tracer of water source and hydrological connectivity », published in « Hydrological Processes 23 », pp. 2841- 

2845, 2009. 

IF : 2.002 

Domaine : Water resources, Classement : 7/60


2 



U. Rascher, G. Agati, L. Alonso, G. Cecchi, S. Champagne, R. Colombo, A. Damm, F. Daumard, E. de Miguel, G. Fernandez, B. Franch, J. Franke, C. Gerbig, 

B. Gioli, J.A. Gómez, Y. Goulas, L. Guanter, Ó. Gutiérrez-de-la-Cámara, K. Hamdi, P. Hostert, M. Jiménez, M. Kosvancova, D. Lognoli, M. Meroni, F. Miglietta, 

A. Moersch, J. Moreno, I. Moya, B. Neininger, A. Okujeni, A. Ounis, L. Palombi, V. Raimondi, A. Schickling, J.A. Sobrino, M. Stellmes, G. Toci, P. Toscano, 

T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, A. Zaldei : 

« CEFLES2: the remote sensing component to quantify photosynthetic efficiency from the leaf to the region by measuring sun-induced fluorescence in the oxygen 

absorption bands », published in « Biogeosciences Discussions 6 », pp. 1181-1198, 2009. 

J. Renaut, S. Bohler, J.F. Hausman, L. Hoffmann, K. Sergeant, N. Ahsan, Y. Jolivet, P. Dizengremel : 

« The impact of atmospheric composition on plants: A case study on ozone and poplar », published in « Mass Spectrometry Reviews 28 », pp. 395-416, 2009. 

IF : 11.507 

Domaine : Spectroscopy, Classement : 1/39 

A.F. Rénert, P. Leprince, M. Dieu, J. Renaut, M. Raes, V. Bours, J.P. Chapelle, J. Piette, M.P. Merville, M. Fillet : 

« The proapoptotic C16-ceramide-dependent pathway requires the death-promoting factor Btf in colon adenocarcinoma cells », published in « Journal of Proteome 

Research 8 », pp. 4810-4822, 2009. 

IF : 5.684 

Domaine : Biochemical research methods, Classement : 6/65 

F. Rimet, L. Ector, H.-M. Cauchie, L. Hoffmann : 

« Changes in diatom-dominated biofilms during simulated improvements in water quality: implications for diatom-based monitoring in rivers », published in « European 

Journal of Phycology 44 », pp. 567-577, 2009. 

IF : 2.811 

Domaines : 


Plant sciences, Classement : 24/156


2 



A.C. Sarmento, H. Lopes, C.S. Oliveira, R. Vitorino, B. Samyn, K. Sergeant, G. Debyser, J. Van Beeumen, P. Domingues, F. Amado, E. Pires, M.R.M. Domingues, 

M.T. Barros : 

« Multiplicity of aspartic proteinases from Cynara cardunculus L », published in « Planta 230 », pp. 429-439, 2009. 

IF : 3.088 


N. Scheider, J.R. Guo, J.A. Verreet, M. Beyer : 

« Assessing the intensity of Fusarium-damage in wheat: A comparison of selected disease parameters during disease development and the role of fungicides », 

published in « Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 116 », pp. 118-123, 2009. 

IF : 0.566 

Domaines : 

Agriculture, multidisciplinary, Classement : 18/35 


G. Schumann, P.D. Bates, M.S. Horritt, P. Matgen, F. Pappenberger : 

« Progress in integration of remote sensing-derived flood extent and stage data and hydraulic models », published in « Reviews of Geophysics 47 », RG4001, 2009. 

IF : 7.114 

Domaine : Geochemistry & geophysics, Classement : 1/64 

K. Sergeant, C. Pinheiro, J.F. Hausman, C.P. Ricardo, J. Renaut : 

« Taking advantage of nonspecific trypsin cleavages for the identification of seed storage proteins in cereals », published in « Journal of Proteome Research 8 », 

pp. 3182-3190, 2009. 

IF : 5.684 

Domaine : Biochemical research methods, Classement : 6/65


2 



S. Skraber, L. Ogorzaly, K. Helmi, A. Maul, L. Hoffmann, H.-M. Cauchie, C. Gantzer : 

« Occurrence and persistence of enteroviruses, noroviruses and F-specific RNA phages in natural wastewater biofilms », published in « Water Research 43 », 

pp. 4780-4789, 2009. 

IF : 3.587 

Domaines : 

Engineering, environmental, Classement : 3/38 



S. Skraber, J. Schijven, R. Italiaander, A.M.D. Hausman : 

« Accumulation of enteric bacteriophage in fresh water sediments », published in « Journal of Water and Health 7 », pp. 372-379, 2009. 

IF : 1.394 

Domaines : 


Microbiology, Classement : 70/91 

V.I. Slaveykova, C. Guignard, T. Eybe, H.-N. Migeon, L. Hoffmann : 

« Dynamic NanoSIMS ion imaging of unicellular freshwater algae exposed to copper », published in « Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 393 », pp. 583-589, 

2009. 

IF : 3.328 

Domaines : 


Chemistry, analytical, Classement : 9/70


2 



N. Titeux, D. Maes, M. Marmion, M. Luoto, R.K. Heikkinen : 

« Inclusion of soil data improves the performance of bioclimatic envelope models for insect species distributions in temperate Europe », published in « Journal of 

Biogeography 36 », pp. 1459-1473, 2009. 

IF : 4.566 

Domaines : 


Geography, physical, Classement : 2/31 

T. Udelhoven, M. Stellmes, G. del Barrio, J. Hill : 

« Assessment of rainfall and NDVI anomalies in Spain (1989-1999) using distributed lag models », published in « International Journal of Remote Sensing 30 », 

pp. 1961-1976, 2009. 

IF : 1.041 

Domaines : 

Remote sensing, Classement : 6/11 

Imaging science & photographic technology, Classement : 12/15 

T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, B. Waske, M. Stellmes, L. Hoffmann : 

« Hypertemporal classification of large areas using decision fusion », published in « IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 6 », pp. 592-596, 2009. 

IF : 1.832 

Domaines : 

Geochemistry & Geophysics, Classement : 61/229 

Engineering, electrical & electronic, Classement : 25/64 

Remote sensing, Classement : 6/15 

P. Wacklin, L. Hoffmann, J. Komárek : 

« Nomenclatural validation of the genetically revised cyanobacterial genus Dolichospermum (Ralfs ex Bornet et Flahaut) comb. nova », published in « Fottea 9 », 

pp. 59-64, 2009.


2 



R. Willame, C. Boutte, S. Grubisic, P. Balthasart, A. Wilmotte, L. Hoffmann : 

« Seasonal cyanobacterial dynamics in a mesoeutrophic reservoir: microscopic counts and DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) », published in « Archiv 

für Hydrobiologie Supplement Volume/Algological Studies 129 », pp. 71-94, 2009. 

IF : 1.293 

Domaines : 



K.E. Zimmer, A. Gutleb, J.L. Lyche, E. Dahl, I.C. Oskam, A. Krogenaes, J.U. Skaare, E. Ropstad : 

« Altered stress-induced cortisol levels in goats exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 126 and PCB 153) during fetal and postnatal development », published 

in « Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health: Part A 72 », pp. 164-172, 2009. 

IF : 1.676 

Domaines : 

Environmental sciences, Classement 71/163 

Public, environmental & occupational health, Classement 56/105 

Toxicology, Classement 51/75


2 



c. Books, book chapters, conference proceedings 

H.-M. Cauchie, L. Hoffmann (éditeurs) : 

« JIL 2009. 9 es Journées Internationales de Limnologie. Book of abstracts. Luxembourg, 6 au 9 avril 2009 », 100 p., 2009. 

L. Ector, D. Hlúbiková, H.-M. Cauchie, L. Hoffmann (éditeurs) : 

« ISUAMR 2009. 7 th International Symposium “Use of Algae for Monitoring Rivers”. Program. Abstracts. Luxembourg, 23-25 November 2009 & EWDT 2009. 

1 st European Workshop on Diatom Taxonomy. Program. Belvaux, 26-27 November 2009 », 140 p., 2009. 

S. Heitz, P. Matgen, L. Pfister, T. Udelhoven, L. Hoffmann : 

« 2 nd Luxembourg Earth Observation Day – Research in remote sensing and applications to environmental sciences. Program - Abstracts - List of participants. 

Bourglinster, 23 rd October 2009 », 45 p., 2009. 

C. Kevers, J.F. Hausman, O. Faivre-Rampant, J. Dommes, T. Gaspar : 

« What we have learned about the physiology of in vitro adventitious rooting of woody plants and how it relates to improvements in the practice », published in K. Niemi 

(éditeur), « Adventitious root formation of forest trees and horticultural plants - from genes to applications », Research Signpost, Kerala, Inde, pp. 209-225, 2009. 

P. Koepke, H. De Backer, A. Bais, A. Curylo, K. Eerme, U. Feister, J. Junk, A. Kazantzidis, J. Krzyscin, A. Lindfors, J.A. Olseth, P. den Outer, A. Pribullova, 

A. Schmalwieser, H. Slaper, H. Staiger, J. Verdebout, L. Vuilleumier, P. Weihs (éditeurs) : 

« COST Action 726 – Final Report: Modelling solar UV radiation in the past: Comparison of algorithms and input data », published in « Earth System Science and 

Environmental Management », 94 p., 2009. 

L. Pfister : 

« Eine kleine Geschichte der Klimabeobachtung », published in P. Bousch, T. Chilla, Ph. Gerber, O. Klein, Ch. Schulz, Ch. Sohn und D. Wiktorin (éditeurs), « Der 

Luxemburg Atlas / Atlas du Luxembourg », pp. 96-97, 2009.


2 



L. Pfister, H.H.G. Savenije, F. Fenicia (éditeurs.) : 

« Leonardo da Vinci’s water theory: on the origin and fate of water », published in « IAHS Special Publication 9 », IAHS Press, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, Royaume- 

Uni, 92 p., ISBN : 1-901502-34-3, 2009. 

J. Renaut, S. Planchon, M. Oufir, J.F. Hausman, L. Hoffmann, D. Evers : 

« Identification of proteins from potato leaves submitted to chilling temperature », published in L.V. Gusta, M.E. Wisniewski, K.K. Tanino (éditeurs), « Plant cold 

hardiness: from the laboratory to the field », C.A.B. International, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, Royaume-Uni, pp. 279-292, 2009.


2 




M.E. Beltrami, S. Blanco, N. Scheidecker, F. Ciutti, C. Cappelletti, L. Mancini, L. Hoffmann, L. Ector : 

« A new Gomphonema (Bacillariophyceae) from Mediterranean streams », published in Van de Vijver B. & C. Cocquyt (éditeurs), book of abstracts of « Diatom Taxonomy 

in the 21 st Century. Symposium in honour of Henri Van Heurck », Jardin Botanique Nationale de Belgique, Meise, Belgique, Scripta Botanica Belgica 45: p. 22, 

23-26 août 2009. 

M.E. Beltrami, F. Ciutti, C. Cappelletti, B. Lösch, R. Alber, L. Ector : 

« Analysis of diatom assemblages of South Tyrol watercourses (Northern Italy) in the WFD context », in the book of abstracts of the « 9 es Journées Internationales de 

Limnologie », Association Française de Limnologie et Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, p. 68, 6-9 avril 2009. 

M.E. Beltrami, F. Ciutti, C. Cappelletti, B. Lösch, R. Alber, L. Ector : 

« Diatom assemblages of South Tyrol watercourses (Northern Italy) in the Water Framework Directive context », in the book of abstracts of the « ISUAMR 2009. 

7 th International Symposium “Use of Algae for Monitoring Rivers”. Program. Abstracts. Luxembourg, 23-25 November 2009 & EWDT 2009. 1 st European Workshop on 

Diatom Taxonomy. Program. Belvaux, 26-27 November 2009 », Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, p. 35, 23-25 novembre 2009. 

M.E. Beltrami, L. Ector, S. Blanco, N. Scheidecker, F. Ciutti, C. Cappelletti, L. Mancini, L. Hoffmann : 

« Découverte d’une nouvelle espèce de Gomphonema (Bacillariophyceae) dans les rivières méditerranéennes d’Italie et de France », in the book of abstracts of 

the « 28 e Colloque de l’Association des Diatomistes de Langue Française », Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Laboratoire Arago, Banyuls/mer, p. 31, 7-10 

septembre 2009. 

E. Biehler, T. Bohn : 

« Carotenoid content and consumption of Luxembourgish fruits and vegetables », in the book of abstracts of the « 46 th Scientific Congress of the German Nutrition 

Society », p. 71, Giessen, Allemagne, 2009.


2 



E. Biehler, T. Bohn : 

« Carotenoids - Intake, degradation, health effects », in the book of abstracts of the « OSQCA – La sécurité dans mon assiette, 2 e colloque », p. 4, Luxembourg, 2009. 

E. Biehler, T. Bohn, L. Hoffmann : 

« Carotenoid content in frequently consumed fruits and vegetables and their contribution to carotenoid intake in Luxembourg », in the book of abstracts of the 

« 1 st Nutrition Conference Luxembourg », p. 23, Luxembourg, 2009. 

E. Biehler, L. Hoffmann, T. Bohn : 

« Carotenoid content in frequently consumed fruits and vegetables and their contribution to cartenoid intake in Luxembourg », published in « OSQCA News 1/09 », 

p. 8, Luxembourg, 2009. 

S. Blanco, C. Cejudo-Figueiras, L. Tudesque, E. Bécares, L. Hoffmann, L. Ector : 

« Are diatom diversity indices reliable monitoring metrics? », in the book of abstracts of « ISUAMR 2009. 7 th International Symposium “Use of Algae for Monitoring 

Rivers”. Program. Abstracts. Luxembourg, 23-25 November 2009 & EWDT 2009. 1 st European Workshop on Diatom Taxonomy. Program. Belvaux, 26-27 November 

2009 », Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, p. 73, 23-25 novembre 2009. 

S. Bohler, M. Bagard, M. Oufir, S. Planchon, L. Hoffmann, Y. Jolivet, J.F. Hausman, J. Renaut, P. Dizengremel : 

« Distinctive traits between ozone induced response and leaf ageing in poplar », in the book of abstracts of the « HENVI 2008, Health Aspects of Indoor and Outdoor 

Air Pollution », Luxembourg, novembre 2009. 

S. Bohler, M. Bagard, M. Oufir, S. Planchon, Y. Jolivet, L. Hoffmann, J.F. Hausman, P. Dizengremel, J. Renaut : 

« Ozone exposure and leaf ageing, a comparison of a stress induced and a natural process », in the book of abstracts of the « 2 nd Poplar Symposium – From Genes 

to Function », Goettingen, Allemagne, mars 2009.


2 



S. Bohler, I. Lefèvre, S. Planchon, Y. Jolivet, L. Hoffmann, J.F. Hausman, P. Dizengremel, J. Renaut : 

« Ozone exposure and leaf ageing, a comparison of a stress induced and a natural process », proceedings of « Plant abiotic stress – from signalling to development, 

2 nd meeting of the International Network of Plant Abiotic Stress (INPAS)», Tartu, Estonie, mai 2009. 

T. Bohn, E. Biehler, L. Hoffmann : 

« Carotenoid content in frequently consumed fruits and vegetables and their contribution to carotenoid intake in Luxembourg », in the book of abstracts of « Food and 

Function », Zilina, Slovaquie, p. 60, 2009. 

T. Bohn, M. Blackwood, Q. Tian, S.J. Schwartz, S.K. Clinton : 

« Improved blood lipid and antioxidant status in healthy subjects consuming soy- fortified lycopene-rich tomato juice food and function conference », in the book of 

abstracts of « Food and Function », Zilina, Slovaquie, p. 15, 2009. 

T. Bohn, E. Cocco, J.P. Lasserre, F. Fack, L. Vallar, C. Guignard : 

« Detection, occurrence and effects of endocrine disruptors in Luxembourgish food items », in the book of abstracts of the « 46 th Scientific Congress of the German 

Nutrition Society », p. 20, Giessen, Allemagne, 2009. 

T. Bohn, N. Unlu, K. Walsh, M. Blackwood, D. Francis, Q. Tian, S.J. Schwartz, 

M. Failla, S. K. Clinton, L. Hoffmann : 

« Dietary intervention with carotenoids and soy isoflavones: Bioavailabilty and relation to chronic diseases », in the book of abstracts of the « 1 st Nutrition Conference 

Luxembourg », p. 13, Luxembourg, 2009. 

A. Boscher, E. Cocco, C. Guignard, G. Schmidt, T. Bohn, A.C. Gutleb, L. L’Hoste, A. Dohet, L. Hoffmann : 

« PCB contamination in fish species from rivers in the North of Luxembourg: potential impact on the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) », in the book of abstracts of the 

« Euroanalysis », p. 56, Innsbruck, Autriche, 2009.


2 



J.B. Burnet, N. Bonjean, L. Hoffmann, H.-M. Cauchie, J. Nicolas : 

« Comparison between IgM and IgG1 monoclonal antibodies for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and C. muris by immunofluorescence », in the book of 

abstracts of the « III International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference », Orvieto, Italie, 11-15 octobre 2009. 

J.B. Burnet, K. Helmi, N. Bonjean, D. Collard, L. Hoffmann, J. Nicolas, H.-M. Cauchie : 

« Spatial and temporal distribution of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the reservoir complex of the Sûre river watershed (Luxembourg) », in the book of abstracts of 

the « 9 es Journées Internationales de Limnologie », Association Française de Limnologie et Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, pp. 74-75, 

6-9 avril 2009. 

S. Carpentier, A. Vertommen, R. Swennen, K. Sergeant, J. Renaut, B. Panis : 

« 2D DIGE, PCA/PLS and de novo identification, a powerful combination to explore crop biodiversity and to explain variety specific phenotypes », in the book of 

abstracts of the « COST FA0603, Plant proteomics in Europe, WG2 & MC meeting », Nitra, Slovaquie, p. 29, 2009. 

H.-M. Cauchie, N. Babic, D. Collard, N. Bonjean, L. Hoffmann : 

« Modelling and microbial source tracking of faecal pollution in the bathing areas of Luxembourg’s rivers », in the book of abstracts of the « 15 th Health-related Water 

Microbiology Symposium », Naxos, Grèce, pp. 187-188, 31 mai - 5 juin 2009. 

H.-M. Cauchie, J. Langlet, J. Kremer, S. Skraber, S. De Landtsheer, P. Weicherding, P. Reichert, L. Hoffmann, C.P. Müller, J. Even, J. Mossong : 

« Environmental and human surveillance of noroviruses in Luxembourg », in the book of abstracts of the « 3 rd Congress of European Microbiologists », Gothenburg, 

Suède, p. 145, 28 juin - 2 juillet 2009. 

H.-M. Cauchie, R. Medinger, S. Delgoulet, V. Jacquet, I. Thys, L. Hoffmann : 

« Variation of bacterioplankton density, secondary production and monosaccharide assimilation in small and medium-size freshwater reservoirs and lakes along a 

eutrophication gradient », in the book of abstracts of the « 9 es Journées Internationales de Limnologie », Association Française de Limnologie et Centre de Recherche 

Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, p. 16, 6-9 avril 2009.


2 



C. Cejudo-Figueiras, S. Blanco, I. Álvarez-Blanco, E. Bécares, M. Sáenz de Buroaga, L. Lobo, L. Ector : 

« Utilisation des diatomées épiphytes pour l’évaluation de la qualité de l’eau dans les lagunes (Province d’Alava, Nord de l’Espagne) », in the book of abstracts of 

the « 28 e Colloque de l’Association des Diatomistes de Langue Française », Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Laboratoire Arago, Banyuls/mer, p. 61, 7-10 


C. Cejudo-Figueiras, E.A. Morales, C. Wetzel, S. Blanco, L. Hoffmann, L. Ector : 

« The taxonomy of Fragilaria construens var. subsalina and two morphologically related new taxa », in the book of abstracts of the « 40 th Meeting of the Dutch-Flemish 

Society of Diatomists (NVKD) and 3 rd Central European Diatom Meeting (CE-DiatoM) », Utrecht, Diatomededelingen 33, p. 44, 26-29 mars 2009. 

B. Criel, B. Panis, M. Oufir, R. Swennen, J. Renaut, J.F. Hausman : 

« Primary metabolism of abiotic stress underlying cryopreservation in potato », proceedings of the « 1 st International Symposium on Cryopreservation in Horticultural 

Species », Louvain, Belgique, avril 2009. 

A. Dohet, N. Titeux, H.-M. Cauchie, L. Hoffmann : 

« The importance of headwater streams as resilience areas for freshwater benthic invertebrates », in the book of abstracts of the « Biodiversity Hotspots - Evolution 

and Conservation », Nusée National d’Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, p. 43, 6-9 avril 2009. 

T.C. Durand, D. Morabito, S. Planchon, K. Sergeant, S. Carpin, P. Label, J.F. Hausman, J. Renaut : 

« Poplar exposed to drought or heat stress exhibit common and specific responses in physiology and on leaf proteome », proceedings of « Plant Abiotic Stress 

Tolerance », Vienne, Autriche, février 2009. 

T.C. Durand, J. Renaut, S. Carpin, P. Albéric, P. Baillif, P. Label, D. Morabito, J.F. Hausman : 

« Poplar as a putative zinc and cadmium accumulator », proceedings of the « Contaminated Site Management in Europe Conference », Gand, Belgique, octobre 

2009.


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L. Ector, D. Hlúbiková, C. Cejudo-Figueiras, L. Hoffmann, S. Blanco : 

« Rare and exotic diatoms in the Duero River basin (NW Spain), with notes on their ecology and world distribution », published in Van de Vijver B. & C. Cocquyt 

(éditeurs), le livre des résumés du « Diatom Taxonomy in the 21 st Century. Symposium in honour of Henri Van Heurck. Program and Abstracts », Jardin Botanique 

National de Belgique, Meise, Belgique, Scripta Botanica Belgica 45: p. 34, 23-26 août 2009. 

L. Ector, D. Hlúbiková, L. Hoffmann, S. Blanco : 

« Apparition de Didymosphenia geminata et autres diatomées exotiques invasives dans le bassin hydrographique du Duero (Espagne) », in the book of abstracts of 

the « 9 es Journées Internationales de Limnologie », Association Française de Limnologie et Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, p. 78, 6-9 

avril 2009. 

D. Evers, C.M. André, T. Bohn : 

« Bioaccessibility of and interactions of potato polyphenols and iron », proceedings of the « International conference on Polyphenols and Health » p. 233, Leeds, 

Grande-Bretagne, 2009. 

D. Evers, C.M. André, J.F. Hausman, T. Bohn, Y. Larondelle : 

« Evaluation of potato as a source for antioxidants », in the book of abstracts of the « 1 st Nutrition Conference Luxembourg », p. 14, Luxembourg, 2009. 

D. Evers, D. Molitor, M. Rothmeier, M. Behr, S. Fischer, T. Bohn : 

« Management of Botrytis bunch rot caused by Botrytis cinerea », proceedings of the « Final meeting of the COST 585 Working Group », p. 71, Bordeaux, France, 

2009. 

D. Evers, M. Rothmeier, D. Molitor, T. Bohn : 

« Innovative options to reduce grape rot », in the book of abstracts of « Cost 585 Working Group Grape diseases, costs of phytochemicals and alternative strategies 

» p. 17, Ljubljana, Slovénie, 2009. 

E. Falasco, E. Ciaccio, L. Hoffmann, L. Ector, F. Bona : 

« Alpine freshwater ecosystems in a protected area: a source of diatom biodiversity », in the book of abstracts of the « ISUAMR 2009. 7 th International Symposium 

“Use of Algae for Monitoring Rivers”. Program. Abstracts. Luxembourg, 23-25 November 2009 & EWDT 2009. 1 st European Workshop on Diatom Taxonomy. 

Program. Belvaux, 26-27 November 2009 », Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, p. 78, 23-25 novembre 2009.


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E. Falasco, L. Ector, L. Hoffmann, F. Bona : 

« The ecological meaning of diatom teratological forms induced by environmental stress », in the book of abstracts of the « 9 es Journées Internationales de Limnologie 

», Association Française de Limnologie et Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, pp. 79-80, 6-9 avril 2009. 

F. Fenicia, H.H.G. Savenije, S. Wrede, G. Schoups, L. Pfister : 

« Uniqueness of place: uniqueness of models. The FLEX modelling approach », published in « EGU General Assembly, Geophysical Research Abstracts », Vol. 11, 

April, 19-24, 2009, Vienne, Autriche, EGU2009-8347, 2009. 

L. Forizs, A. Mol, P. Hague, J.M. Vanderwinden, J. Renaut, M. Baucher, M. El Jaziri, O.M. Vandeputte: 

« Comparative proteomic analysis of the phytopathogen Rhodococcus fascines using the DIGE technology », in the book of abstracts of the« 201 st Meeting of the 

Belgian Society of Biochemistry », Namur, Belgique, pp. 24, 2009. 

A.M.J. Gerrits, L. Hopp, J.J. McDonnell, H.H.G. Savenije, L. Pfister : 

« A virtual experiment on the effect of canopy and forest floor interception on subsurface flow behaviour », published in « Geophysical Research Abstracts 11 », 7546- 

1, 2009. 

A.M.J. Gerrits, L. Pfister, H.H.G. Savenije : 

« Spatio-temporal variation in canopy and forest floor interception measurements and uncertainties », published in « Geophysical Research Abstracts 11 », 3933, 

2009. 

F. Giraud : 

« Situation des fusariotoxines au Luxembourg », published in « OSQCA News 1/09 », p. 11, Luxembourg, 2009. 

F. Giraud, M. Pasquali, C. Vrancken, C. Brochot, E. Cocco, S. Contal, F. Munaut, M. El Jarroudi, L. Hoffmann, P. Delfosse, T. Bohn : 

« Occurrence and distribution of the mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species isolated from winter wheat in Luxembourg in 2007 and 2008 », in the book of abstracts 

of the « 3 rd Symposium : Mycotoxins threats and risk management », p. 112, Gand, Belgique, 2009.


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D. Gosse, A. Dohet, N. Titeux : 

« Prise en compte des habitats marginaux pour l’estimation de la biodiversité des invertébrés benthiques en rivière : possibilité de synergie entre la Directive Cadre 

sur l’Eau et la Directive Habitats», in the book of abstracts of the « 9 es Journées Internationales de Limnologie », Association Française de Limnologie et Centre de 

Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, pp. 81-82, 6-9 avril 2009. 

C. Guignard, C. Adam, P. Delfosse, L. Hoffmann : 

« Profiling of volatile fatty acids in biomethanation broths by steam distillation and anion-exchange chromatography », in the book of abstracts of « Euroanalysis 15 », 

Innsbrück, Autriche, p. 271, 2009. 

C. Guignard, L. Manfroi, J. Ziebel, A. Krein, L. Hoffmann : 

« Impact of land use on the occurrence and mobilisation of pesticides in surface water », proceedings of the « International Conference on Chemistry and 

Environment – ICCE2009, June 2009, Stockholm, Org P82 », 2009. 

C. Guignard, L. Manfroi, J. Ziebel, A. Krein, L. Hoffmann : 

« Analysis of herbicides in rivers by on-line Solid-Phase Extraction coupled to liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry », in the book of abstracts of the 

« 14 th International Symposium on Toxicity Assessment », Metz, France, p. 307, 2009. 

A.C. Gutleb, T. Bohn, L. Hoffmann, S. Uhlig : 

« Bioassay guided fractionation as a tool for the detection of new food relevant contaminants », in the book of abstracts of the « 1 st Nutrition Conference Luxembourg 

», p. 27, Luxembourg, 2009. 

A.C. Gutleb, T. Eybe, T. Bohn, J.-N Audinot, E. Lentzen, H.-N. Migeon, L. Hoffmann : 

« Mapping the exposure of Br containing compounds in cyanobacteria with the NanoSIMS 50 », in the book of abstracts of the « Fachgruppe Umweltchemie und 

Ökotoxikologie, Jahrestagung 2009 : Stoffverhalten und -wirkungen in Umweltkompartimenten », p. 145, Trèves, Allemagne, 2009. 

A. C. Gutleb, A. Georgantzopoulou, E. Ropstad, M. Dusinska, J.-N. Audinot, L. Hoffmann : 

« NanEAU - Toxicological effects of emerging nanoparticles in water on aquatic models organisms and uptake in humans from drinking water », in the book of 

abstracts of the « International Symposium on Toxicity Assessment », p.259, Metz, France, 2009.


2 



A.C. Gutleb, E. Ropstad, M. Dusinska, J.-N. Audinot, L. Hoffmann : 

« NanEau – Toxicological effects of emerging nanoparticles in water on aquatic model organisms and uptake in humans from drinking water », in the book of abstracts 

of the « NanoImpactNet Conference : For a healthy environment in a future of nanotechnology », p. 63, Lausanne, Suisse, 2009. 

A. C. Gutleb, K. E. Zimmer, S. Ravnum, J.L. Lyche, E. Ropstad, G.S. Eriksen, H. Keune, A. Bartonova, M. Kreyer von Krauss : 

« Knowledge evaluation method for environmental health problems. Examples of phthalates », in the book of abstracts of « Stoffverhalten und –wirkungen in 

Umweltkompartimenten », p. 95, Trèves, Allemagne, 2009. 

A. C. Gutleb, K. E. Zimmer, S. Ravnum, J.L. Lyche, E. Ropstad, G.S. Eriksen, M. Kreyer von Krauss, H. Keune, A. Bartonova : 

« Knowledge evaluation method for environmental health problems. Examples of phthalates », in the book of abstracts of the «International Symposium on Toxicity 

Assessment », p.144, Metz, France, 2009. 

S. Heitz, P. Matgen, L. Pfister, L. Hoffmann : 

« Active and passive microwvace remote sensing of soil moisture: a new tool to derive soil wetness indices », in the book of abstracts of the « Luxembourg Earth 

Observation day, Bourglinster, Luxembourg, October 23, 2009 », 2009. 

H. Hellebrand, C. Müller, P. Matgen, F. Fenicia, H. Savenije : 

« An exercise in hydrological modeling: does expert knowledge improve model results? », published in « Geophysical Research Abstracts 11 », 7171, 2009. 

C. Hissler, J.L. Probst, P. Stille, L. Pfister, L. Hoffmann : 

« Quantification of potential harmful element (PHE) contaminations in floodplains of the Alzette River in Luxembourg », proceedings of the « 14 th International 

Symposium on Toxicity Assessment, Metz, France », 2009. 

D. Hlúbiková, J. Makovinská, C. De Hoog, L. Hoffmann, L. Ector : 

« Phytobenthos-based assessment of the river Danube in the frame of the Joint Danube Survey 2 », in the book of abstracts of the « ISUAMR 2009. 7 th International 

Symposium “Use of Algae for Monitoring Rivers”. Program. Abstracts. Luxembourg, 23-25 November 2009 & EWDT 2009. 1 st European Workshop on Diatom Taxonomy. 



2 



D. Hlúbiková, J. Römer, G. Wolfram, K. Donabaum : 

« Testing the Slovak phytobenthos and phytoplankton-based assessement methods of ecological status of rivers », in the book of abstracts of the « ISUAMR 2009. 

7 th International Symposium “Use of Algae for Monitoring Rivers”. Program. Abstracts. Luxembourg, 23-25 November 2009 & EWDT 2009. 1 st European Workshop on 

Diatom Taxonomy. Program. Belvaux, 26-27 November 2009 », Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, p. 41, 23-25 novembre 2009. 

F. Hollander, N. Titeux, H. Van Dyck : 

« Habitat selection in two anthropogenic landscapes: the Red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) as a study case », in the book of abstracts of the « 5 th Ecology & 

Behaviour Meeting », Lyon, France, p. 53, 6-10 avril 2009. 

D. Hopff, C.N. Meisrimler, L. Menckhoff, J. Renaut, S. Lüthje : 

« Dynamics of the plasma membrane proteome under iron deficiency: a comparison of strategy I and strategy II in plants », proceedings of the « International 

Conference of Abiotic Stress Tolerance », Vienne, Autriche, p. 115, 2009. 

R. Hostache, P. Matgen, M. Montanari, C. Fosty, L. Pfister : 

« Assessment and reduction of hydro-meteorological model forecasting uncertainty using an autoregressive error model and bivariate meta-gaussian density », 

proceedings of the « 4 th IASME / WSEAS International Conference on Water Resources, Hydraulics & Hydrology (WHH ‘09), Cambridge, United Kingdom, 24-26 

February 2009 », 2009. 

L. L’Hoste, A. Dohet, A.C. Gutleb, H.-M. Cauchie, L. Hoffmann : 

« Fish communities as indicators of the health of river systems: multiscale approach on the gudgeon (Gobio gobio) », in the book of abstracts of the « International 

Symposium on Toxicity Assessment », p. 38, Metz, France, 2009. 

L. L’Hoste, A. Dohet, A.C. Gutleb, H.-M. Cauchie, L. Hoffmann : 

« Les communautés piscicoles en tant qu’indicateurs de la santé des écosystèmes lotiques : réponses biologiques observées à différents niveaux d’organisation », 

in the book of abstracts of the « Journées Internationales de Limnologie », p. 85, Luxembourg, 2009.


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J. Juilleret, C. Hissler, S. Marx, B. Domagalski, P. Hitzelberger, L. Pfister : 

« Nécessité et difficultés de l’implémentation d’une base de données pédologiques au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg », proceedings of the « 10 es Journées d’Etudes 

des Sols, Strasbourg, France », pp. 265-266, 2009. 

V. Jung, C. Violle, C. Mondy, L. Hoffmann, S. Muller : 

« Rôle de la variabilité intraspécifique de traits fonctionnels dans la structuration des communautés végétales des prairies alluviales », in the book of abstracts 

of the « 9 es Journées Internationales de Limnologie », Association Française de Limnologie et Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, 

p. 45, 6-9 avril 2009. 

J. Junk, U. Feister, K. Görgen, A. Helbig : 

« Advantages of modelled ozone data for the reconstruction and analysis of long-term erythemal UV radiation time series », in the book of abstracts of the 

« International Conference on Urban Climate (ICUC 7), Japan », 2009. 

L. Kermarrec, L. Ector, A. Bouchez, F. Rimet, L. Hoffmann : 

« Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of Cymbellales from sequences of the 18S rRNA gene », published in Van de Vijver B. & C. Cocquyt (éditeurs), book of abstracts 

of the « Diatom Taxonomy in the 21 st Century. Symposium in honour of Henri Van Heurck. Program and Abstracts », Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Meise, 

Belgique, Scripta Botanica Belgica 45: p. 45, 23-26 août 2009. 

A. Krein, N. Martinez-Carreras, J.-F. Iffly, L. Pfister, L. Hoffmann : 

« Soil erosion and suspended sediment transport in Luxembourg », proceedings of the « International seminar: Increased sedimentation, a widespread problem leading 

to degradation of freshwater communities and habitats, November 2009, Clervaux, Luxembourg », p. 19, 2009. 

A. Krein, J.Y. Pailler, C. Guignard, J.-F. Iffly, L. Pfister, L. Hoffmann : 

« Investigation of runoff generation from anthropogenic sources with dissolved xenobiotics », proceedings of the « European Geosciences Union General Assembly 

2009, Vienne, Autriche, 19-24 April 2009 », published in « Geophysical Research Abstracts 11 », 13811, 2009. 

R. Krier, K. Görgen, P. Matgen, L. Pfister, S. Uhlenbrook, H.H.G. Savenije : 

« Sensitivity analysis of variable resolution precipitation data in the Sauer river catchment, Luxembourg, with regard to hydrological modelling », published in 

« Geophysical Research Abstracts 11 », 7209, 2009.


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D. Lamoureux, S. Legay, J.F. Hausman, D. Evers, J. Renaut : 

« Investigations on potato’s response to abiotic stress: what can we conclude from transcriptomics and proteomics studies? », proceedings of the « ProteomLux 

conference: Proteomics and disease-related studies », Belvaux, Luxembourg, octobre 2009. 

H. Lange-Bertalot, C. Cocquyt, L. Ector, B. Van de Vijver : 

« Analysis of the type material of small European Surirella species present in the Van Heurck collection », published in Van de Vijver B. & C. Cocquyt (éditeurs), 

le livre des résumés du « Diatom Taxonomy in the 21 st Century. Symposium in honour of Henri Van Heurck. Program and Abstracts », Jardin Botanique National de 

Belgique, Meise, Belgique, Scripta Botanica Belgica 45: p. 48, 23-26 août 2009. 

H. Lange-Bertalot, C. Cocquyt, L. Ector, B. Van de Vijver : 

« Analyse du matériel type des petites espèces de Surirella présentes dans la Collection Van Heurck », in the book of abstracts of the « 28 è Colloque de 

l’Association des Diatomistes de Langue Française », Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Laboratoire Arago, Banyuls/mer, p. 47, 7-10 septembre 2009. 

J. P. Lasserre, A.C. Gutleb, F. Fack, D. Revets, S. Planchon, J. Renaut, L. Hoffmann, C. Muller, T. Bohn : 

« Effects of PCB 153 and atrazine on protein expression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells », in the book of abstracts of the « International Symposium on Toxicity 

Assessment », p. 77, Metz, France, 2009. 

J. P. Lasserre, A.C. Gutleb, F. Fack, D. Revets, J. Renaut, T. Bohn, C. P. Muller, L. Hoffmann : 

« Effects of atrazine and PCB 153 on protein expression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells », in the book of abstracts of the « 5 th Copenhagen Workshop on 

Endocrine Disruptors », p. 113, Copenhagen, Danemark, 2009. 

I. Lefèvre, S. Legay, D. Lamoureux, R. Schafleitner, J.F Hausman, D. Evers : 

« Investigating potato response to drought exposure », proceedings of the « International Conference of Abiotic Stress Tolerance », Vienne, Autriche, février 2009. 

I. Lefèvre, S. Legay, D. Lamoureux, R. Schafleitner, J.F Hausman, D. Evers : 

« Potato response under drought exposure », proceedings of the « Groupe de Contact FNRS Biologie Végétale : Plants and their soil environment », Gembloux, 

Belgique, avril 2009.


2 



I. Lefèvre, I. Ziebel, L. Solinhac, C. Guignard, R. Schafleitner, J.F Hausman, D. Evers : 

« Impact of drought treatment on Andean potato tubers mineral content », proceedings of « 1 st Luxembourgish Food and Nutrition Conference, Phytochemicals and 

Micronutrients in Chronic Disease Prevention », p. 21, Luxembourg, 2009. 

S. Legay, D. Lamoureux, J.F. Hausman, T. Bohn, L. Hoffmann, D. Evers : 

« Transcript profiling in potato exposed to salt stress », proceedings of the « International Conference of Abiotic Stress Tolerance », Vienne, Autriche, février 2009, 

p.154. 

S. Legay, D. Lamoureux, R. Schafleitner, J.F. Hausman, L. Hoffmann, T. Bohn, D. Evers : 

« Identification of physiological and molecular drought tolerance traits in potato », in the book of abstracts of the « ISTRC Conference », p. 71, Lima, Pérou, 2009. 

H. Lievens, J. Álvarez-Mozos, P. Marzahn, R. Ludwig, P. Matgen, L. Hoffmann, N.E.C. Verhoest : 

« Soil moisture retrieval from SAR using modeled effective roughness », proceedings of the « Earth Observation and Water Cycle (EOWC) Symposium, Frascati, 

Italy, November 18-20 », 2009. 

H. Lievens, J. Álvarez-Mozos, P. Matgen, M. Montanari, L. Hoffmann, N.E.C. Verhoest : 

« Multi-temporal surface roughness and soil moisture retrieval from SAR observations », proceedings of the « Fifth International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi- 

Temporal Remote Sensing Images, Mystic, Connecticut, USA, July 28-30 », 2009. 

E. Lysoe, M. Pasquali, S. Klemsdal, H.C. Kistler : 

« The transcription factor FgStuA influences spore development, pathogenicity and secondary metabolite production in Fusarium graminearum », published in « Fungal 

Genetics Newsletter 56 », p. 512, 2009. 

N. Martinez-Carreras, A. Krein, F. Gallart, J.-F. Iffly, L. Pfister, D.E. Walling : 

« Methodological uncertainties associated with the suspended sediment fingerprinting approach », published in « Geophysical Research Abstracts 11 », 7627, 2009.


2 



S. Masquelier, J.F. Mangot, L. Hoffmann, D. Vaulot : 

« Small planktonic communities in a meso-eutrophic lake (Esch-sur-Sûre, Luxembourg) », in the book of abstracts of the « 9 es Journées Internationales de Limnologie 

», Association Française de Limnologie et Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, p. 13, 6-9 avril 2009. 

P. Matgen, M. Montanari, V.R.N. Pauwels, D. Plaza, R. Hostache, R. De Keyser, L. Pfister, H.H.G. Savenije : 

« Assimilation of remote sensing-derived water stages into hydrodynamic models », in the book of abstracts of the « Luxembourg Earth Observation day, Bourglinster, 

Luxembourg, October 23 », 2009. 

P. Matgen, M. Montanari, V.R.N. Pauwels, D. Plaza, R. Hostache, R. De Keyser, L. Pfister, L. Hoffmann : 

« Assimilation of remote sensing-derived water stages into hydrodynamic models », proceedings of the « 8 th IAHS Scientific Assembly, Hyderabad, India, September 

6-12 », 2009. 

C.N. Meisrimler, J. Renaut, K. Sergeant, S. Lüthje : 

« Regulation of the plasma membrane proteome of iron deficient pea roots after treatment with fungal elicitor », proceedings of the « COST FA0603 WG1 Meeting: 

“Classical and Novel approaches in Plant Proteomics” », Viterbo, Italie, mai 2009. 

C.N. Meisrimler, J. Renaut, K. Sergeant, S. Lüthje : 

« The effect of elicitor treatment on the plasma membrane proteome of iron deficient pea roots », proceedings of the « Botanikertagung 2009 », Leipzig, Allemagne, 


C. Molitor, K. Sergeant, R. Psenner, H.-M. Cauchie, L. Hoffmann : 

« Maldi-TOF MS fingerprint identification of planktic morphospecies of the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena: preliminary results », in the book of abstracts of 

the « 9 es Journées Internationales de limnologie », Association Française de Limnologie et Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, p. 87, 6-9 

avril 2009.


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O. Monnier, L. Ector, C. Bouillon, P. Compère, M. Ferréol, F. Garcia, G. Gassiole, D. Guillard, H. Lange-Bertalot, E. Lefrançois, F. Rimet, B. Van de Vijver, 

L. Hoffmann : 

« Occurrence en France de diatomées nouvelles du Grand-Duché du Luxembourg », in the book of abstracts of the « 28 e Colloque de l’Association des Diatomistes 

de Langue Française », Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Laboratoire Arago, Banyuls/mer, p. 33, 7-10 septembre 2009. 

M. Montanari, P. Matgen, R. Hostache, C. Fosty, L. Pfister, D. Plaza, G. Schumann, V. Pauwels : 

« Ensemble-based assimilation of SAR-derived water stages in a coupled hydrologic-hydraulic model », published in « Geophysical Research Abstracts 11 », 10322, 

2009. 

M. Montanari, P. Matgen, R. Hostache, C. Fosty, L. Pfister, D. Plaza, G. Schumann, V. Pauwels : 

« Ensemble-based assimilation of SAR-derived water stages in a coupled hydrologic-hydraulic model », proceedings of the « Earth Observation and Water Cycle 

Science, Frascati, Italy, November 18-20 », 2009. 

M. Montano, J.H.J. van den Berg, A.J. Murk : 

« Supra-maximal effect on estrogenicity in in vitro methods », book of abstracts of the « International Symposium on Toxicity Assessment », p. 139, Metz, France, 

2009. 

M.H. Novais, S. Blanco, C. Delgado, M. Morais, L. Hoffmann, L. Ector : 

« Diatom-based ecological assessment in Portuguese reservoirs », book of abstracts of the « 9 es Journées Internationales de Limnologie », Association Française de 

Limnologie et Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, p. 89, 6-9 avril 2009. 

M.H. Novais, S. Blanco, C. Delgado, M. Morais, L. Hoffmann, L. Ector : 

« Ecological assessment of Portuguese reservoirs based on littoral epilithic diatoms », book of abstracts of the « ISUAMR 2009. 7 th International Symposium “Use 

of Algae for Monitoring Rivers”. Program. Abstracts. Luxembourg, 23-25 November 2009 & EWDT 2009. 1 st European Workshop on Diatom Taxonomy. Program. 

Belvaux, 26-27 November 2009 », Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, p. 96, 23-25 novembre 2009. 

M. Pasquali, F. Giraud, C. Brochot, E. Cocco, S. Contal, L. Hoffmann, T. Bohn : 

« Toxigenic potential of Fusarium graminearum in Luxembourg », book of abstracts of the « 3 rd Symposium : Mycotoxins threats and risk management », p. 122, 

Gand, Belgique, 2009.


2 



M. Pasquali, F. Giraud, E. Cocco, S. Contal, C. Brochot, H.C. Kistler, L. Hoffmann, T. Bohn : 

« A comparative analysis of regulatory regions in the Fusarium trichothecene gene cluster », published in « Fungal Genetics Newsletter 56 », p. 436, 2009. 

L. Pfister, J.F. Hausman : 

« Climate change, an imminent threat for trees », proceedings of « Climate change: challenges, risks and impacts on cropping systems, BeNeLuxSHS, April 3 rd », 

Gembloux, Belgique, 2009. 

L. Pfister, J.-F. Iffly, C. Guignard, A. Krein, P. Matgen, M. Salvia-Castellvi, R. Van den Bos, C. Taillez, F. Barnich, L. Hoffmann : 

« Hydrological and hydrochemical impact studies in the urbanised Pétrusse river basin (Luxembourg) », published in « Geophysical Research Abstracts, 11 », 13814, 

2009. 

L. Pfister, J.J. McDonnell, S. Wrede, D. Hlúbiková, P. Matgen, F. Fenicia, L. Ector, L. Hoffmann : 

« Diatom tracing at the watershed scale: A new approach for assessing the geographic sources of water », published in « Eos Trans. AGU, 90(52), Fall Meet. Suppl. » 

H34E-07, 2009. 

C. Pinheiro, K. Sergeant, J. Renaut, C.P. Ricardo : 

« Seed storage proteins – the advantage of the Osborne fractionation in legume and cereal proteins », book of abstracts of the « 1 st International Congress on Analytical 

Proteomics », Costa da Caparica, Portugal, 2009. 

D.A. Plaza Guingla, G.J. De Lannoy, M. Montanari, P. Matgen, L. Hoffmann, L. Pfister, R. De Keyser, V.R. Pauwels : 

« Sequential assimilation of radar data into a coupled hydrologic-hydraulic model for operational water management », published in « Eos Trans. AGU, 90(52), Fall 

Meet. Suppl. » H21A-0801, 2009. 

G. Schmidt, A. Boscher, A. Dohet, L. L’Hoste : 

« Evolution de la bioaccumulation des PCBs dans la faune piscicole au niveau des habitats de la loutre au Luxembourg », book of abstracts of the « 9 es Journées 

Internationales de Limnologie », Association Française de Limnologie et Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, p. 91, 6-9 avril 2009.


2 



N. Schulz, K. Burg, S. Fluch, M. Oufir, J.F. Hausman, E. Wilhelm : 

« How oak responds to long term drought stress – A wholistic approach. », proceedings of the « Conference on Genomics of Forest and Ecosystem Health in the 

Fagaceae (Beech Family) », Caroline du Nord, Etats-Unis, novembre 2009. 

M. Selim, G. Langen, B. Berkelmann-Löhnertz, K.H. Kogel, D. Evers : 

« Elicitation of grapevine defence responses against downy mildew caused by Plasmopara viticola », proceedings of the « Final meeting of the COST 585 Working 

Group », p. 91, Bordeaux, France, 2009. 

K. Seong, M. Pasquali, X. Zhou, J. Song, K.L. Hilburn, S.P. McCormick, Y. Dong, J. Xu, H.C. Kistler : 

« Global gene regulation by Fusarium transcription factors Tri6 and Tri10 reveals adaptations for toxin biosynthesis », published in « Fungal Genetics Newsletter 56 », 

p. 197, 2009. 

K. Sergeant : 

« The use of 2-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis in plant proteomics studies », proceedings « DIGE network meeting », Lyngby, Danemark, 

avril 2009. 

K. Sergeant : 

« Workshop on protein identification », proceedings of the « Second meeting of the bio-informatics society in Luxembourg (Lucilinx, 2009) », Luxembourg, octobre 

2009. 

K. Sergeant, C. Pinheiro, J.F. Hausman, C.P. Ricardo, J. Renaut : 

« Taking advantage of non-specific trypsin cleavages for the identification of seed storage proteins in cereals », proceedings of the « 201 st Meeting of the Belgian 

Society of Biochemistry », Namur, Belgique, mai 2009. 

S. Skraber, K. Helmi, C. Gantzer, L. Ogorzaly, L. Hoffmann, H.-M. Cauchie : 

« Attachment, persistence and detachment of viral and protozoa waterborne pathogens in biofilms », book of abstracts of the « 15 th Health-related Water Microbiology 

Symposium », Naxos, Grèce, pp. 418-419, 31 mai - 5 juin 2009.


2 



S. Skraber, A. Tatzel, G. Kraus, I. Kolber, V. Picard, N. Bonjean, D. Collard, S. Panglisch, J.P. Lickes, H.-M. Cauchie : 

« Viral removal capacity of coagulation and ceramic microfiltration processes », book of abstracts of the « 15 th Health-related Water Microbiology Symposium », 

Naxos, Grèce, pp. 417-418, 31 mai - 5 juin 2009. 

L. Tincopa, R. Schafleitner, R. Gutierrez, D. Evers, S. Legay, D. Lamoureux, M. Bonierbale : 

« Drought resistance traits of potato », proceedings of the « International Conference of Abiotic Stress Tolerance », p.56, Vienne, Autriche, 2009. 

N. Titeux, F. Wolff : 

« Définition d’un protocole de monitoring de la biodiversité au Luxembourg », book of abstracts of the « 26 e réunion annuelle des collaborateurs scientifiques du 

Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle », Centre Culturel de Rencontre Abbaye de Neumünster, p. 7, 7 mars 2009. 

Z.N. Unlu, T. Bohn, S. K. Clinton, D.M. Francis, S.J. Schwartz : 

« Absorption of lycopene isomers in humans following single meal consumption of tomato sauces processed from unique tomato varieties with varying isomer patterns », 

book of abstracts of the « 1 st Nutrition Conference Luxembourg », p. 31, Luxembourg, 2009. 

Z.N. Unlu, T. Bohn, S.K. Clinton, S.J. Schwartz : 

« Enhanced carotenoid bioavailability in humans from test meals containing avocado or avocado oil », book of abstracts of the « 1 st Nutrition Conference Luxembourg 

», p. 30, Luxembourg, 2009. 

P. Vítámvás, I.T. Prášil, K. Pánková, Z. Milec, S. Planchon, J. Renaut : 

« Quantitative proteomic analysis of cold treatment on the crown proteome in the wheat substitution lines », book of abstracts of the « COST FA0603-Classical and 

Novel Approaches in Plant Proteomics », Viterbo, Italie, p. 101, 2009. 

P. Vítámvás, I.T. Prášil, K. Pánková, Z. Milec, S. Planchon, J. Renaut : 

« Quantitative analysis of proteome extracted from cold acclimated wheat substitution lines », proceedings of the « International Conference of Abiotic Stress Tolerance 

», Vienne, Autriche, p.41, 2009.


2 



P. Vítámvás, I.T. Prášil, Z. Skodácek, K. Kosová, S. Planchon, J. Renaut : 

« Quantitative analysis of proteome change after saturation of vernalization requirements in winter wheat Mironovskaya 808 », book of abstracts of the « COST 

FA0603, Plant proteomics in Europe, WG2 & MC meeting », Nitra, Slovaquie, p. 54, 2009. 

M. Wenikajtys, F. Thielen, A. Krein, D. Hering : 

« Wie gelangen Feinsedimente in die Mittelgebirgsbäche, und wie wirken sie sich auf das Makrozoobenthos aus? Erste Forschungsansätze und Ergebnisse eines 

Projektes aus Luxemburg », proceedings of the « 25. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Limnologie, September / Oktober 2009, Oldenburg », 2009. 

M. Wenikajtys, F. Thielen, A. Krein, D. Hering : 

« The influence of fine sediment entry on physico-chemical characteristics of tributaries of the Our catchment area and their benthic communities », proceedings of the 

« International seminar: Increased sedimentation, a widespread problem leading to degradation of freshwater communities and habitats, November 2009, Clervaux », 

p. 26, 2009. 

C.E. Wetzel, L. Ector, L. Hoffmann, D.C. Bicudo : 

« Revisão do complexo Eunotia asterionelloides Hustedt (Bacillariophyceae) na Amazônia brasileira: novas espécies, considerações biogeográficas e a subestimativa 

da biodiversidade », book of abstracts of the « XII Congresso Brasileiro de Limnologia », Gramado/RS, p. 229, 23-27 août 2009. 

C.E. Wetzel, L. Ector, L. Hoffmann, D.C. Bicudo : 

« Neotropical large rivers: are the Neotropics ready for a diatom species-based monitoring system? », book of abstracts of the « ISUAMR 2009. 7 th International 

Symposium “Use of Algae for Monitoring Rivers”. Program. Abstracts. Luxembourg, 23-25 November 2009 & EWDT 2009. 1 st European Workshop on Diatom 

Taxonomy. Program. Belvaux, 26-27 November 2009 », Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourg, p. 120, 23-25 novembre 2009. 

C.E. Wetzel, L. Ector, H. Lange-Bertalot, L. Hoffmann, D.C. Bicudo : 

« A new enigmatic araphid diatom genus from the Brazilian Amazon (Rio Negro Basin) », published in Van de Vijver B. & C. Cocquyt (éditeurs), in the book of abstracts 

of the « Diatom Taxonomy in the 21 st Century. Symposium in honour of Henri Van Heurck. Program and Abstracts », Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Meise, 

Belgique, Scripta Botanica Belgica 76: p. 76, 23-26 août 2009.


2 



C.E. Wetzel, B. Van de Vijver, L. Ector : 

« Epizoic diatoms on freshwater turtles: a new Luticola species from the Rio Negro Basin (Central Amazon, Brazil) », published in Van de Vijver B. & C. Cocquyt 

(éditeurs), book of abstracts of the « Diatom Taxonomy in the 21 st Century. Symposium in honour of Henri Van Heurck. Program and Abstracts », Jardin Botanique 

National de Belgique, Meise, Belgique, Scripta Botanica Belgica 45: p. 77, 23-26 août 2009. 

C.E. Wetzel, B. Van de Vijver, L. Ector : 

« Une nouvelle espèce de Luticola épizoïque sur les tortues d’eau douce Podocnemis erythrocephala (Rio Negro, Amazonie, Brésil) », book of abstracts of the « 28 e 

Colloque de l’Association des Diatomistes de Langue Française », Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, Laboratoire Arago, Banyuls/mer, p. 52, 7-10 septembre 

2009. 

S. Wrede, L. Pfister, J.J. McDonnell, D. Hlúbiková, P. Matgen, F. Fenicia, L. Ector, L. Hoffmann : 

« Drift diatoms as a new tracer for assessing the geographic sources of water », book of abstracts of the « ISUAMR 2009. 7 th International Symposium “Use 

of Algae for Monitoring Rivers”. Program. Abstracts. Luxembourg, 23-25 November 2009 & EWDT 2009. 1 st European Workshop on Diatom Taxonomy. 



2 



e. Dissertations and theses 

M. Beyer : 

« Formation of Fusarium mycotoxins in wheat and integrated approaches for pre- and postharvest control », Habilitation Thesis, Université Kiel, Allemagne, 2009. 

A. Bourgois : 

« Analyse spatiale du déclin de l’hirondelle de fenêtre (Delichon urbica) dans l’entité de Namur : étude de la distribution de l’espèce en réponse à différentes 

variables », Master’s Thesis in Biological Sciences, Faculté des Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve, 2009. 

T.C. Durand : 

« Approche protéomique des stress abiotiques chez Populus tremula x P. alba », PhD Thesis, Université d’Orléans, France, 2009. 

M. Eickermann : 

« Effect of Brassica genotype on the infestation by cabbage stem weevil Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Mrsh.) (Col.: Curculionidae) and the parasitism of stem weevil 

larvae », PhD Thesis, Université de Göttingen, Allemagne, 2009. 

V. Jung : 

« Etude de la structuration des communautés végétales des prairies alluviales le long d’un gradient d’inondation », PhD Thesis, Université Paul Verlaine, Metz, 

France, 2009. 

K. van den Broek : 

« Analyse comparative de l’habitat de reproduction de l’hirondelle de fenêtre (Delichon urbica) et de l’hirondelle rustique (Hirundo rustica) dans la province de 

Namur », Master’s Thesis in Biological Sciences, Faculté des Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve, 2009.


2 





c. Articles 

d. Communication summaries


2 




N. Biri, P. Bauler, F. Feltz : 

« Smooth integration of Existing applications in an SOA », published in « AIS Transactions on Enterprise Systems 1 », pp. 24-31, 2009. 

B. Otjacques, M. Krier, F. Feltz, D. Ferring, M. Hoffmann : 

« Helping Older People to Manage their Social Activities at the Retirement Home », proceedings of the « 23 rd Conference of the Human Computer Interaction Group 

of the British Computer Society (HCI 2009) in collaboration with ACM, 1-5 September, 2009, Cambridge, UK », pp. 375-380, 2009. 

A. Schlechter, G. Simon, F. Feltz : 

« Integration of Object-Oriented Domain Modeling and Meta-Modeling », proceedings of the « EMISA 2009, 3 rd International Workshop on Enterprise Modelling and 

Information Systems Architectures, Ulm, Germany, 10-11 September, 2009 », published in « Lecture Notes in Informatics, vol. 152 », pp. 27-40, 2009.


2 




F. Allouti, M. Nadif, A. Le Thi Hoai, B. Otjacques : 

« Mixture Model and MDSDCA for Textual Data », proceedings of the « 6 th International Conference on Cooperative Design, Visualization and Engineering 

(CDVE 2009), 20-23 September 2009, Luxembourg », published in « Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 

vol. 5738 », Springer, Berlin, Allemagne, pp. 240-244, 2009. 

A. Baouab, O. Perrin, N. Biri, C. Godart : 

« Security Meta-Services Orchestration Architecture », proceedings of the « 2009 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (IEEE APSCC 2009) », Biopolis, 

Singapour, 7-11 décembre, 2009. 

J. Klein, J. Kienzle, B. Morin, J.-M. Jézéquel : 

« Aspect Model Unweaving », proceedings of the « 12 th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS 2009), October 

4-9, 2009, Denver, Colorado, USA », published in « Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5795 », Springer, Berlin, Allemagne, pp. 514-530, 2009. 

B. Otjacques, M. Cornil, F. Feltz : 

« Using Ellimaps to Visualize Business Data in a Local Administration », proceedings of the « 13 th International Conference on Information Visualization (IV’09), 14-17 

July 2009, Barcelona, Spain », IEEE Computer Society Editions, Washington DC, Etats-Unis, pp. 235-240, 2009. 

B. Otjacques, M. Cornil, F. Feltz : 

« Visualizing cooperative activities with ellimaps: the case of Wikipedia », proceedings of the « 6 th International Conference on Cooperative Design, Visualization and 

Engineering (CDVE 2009), 20-23 September 2009, Luxembourg », published in « Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering, Lecture Notes in Computer 

Science, vol. 5738 », Springer, Berlin, Allemagne, pp. 44-51 2009. 

B. Otjacques, M. Cornil, M. Noirhomme, F. Feltz : 

« CGD – A new algorithm to optimize space occupation in ellimaps », proceedings of the « IFIP TC13 Conference in Human-Computer Interaction (Interact 2009), 

24-28 August 2009, Uppsala, Sweden », published in « Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5727 », Springer, Berlin, Allemagne, pp. 805-818, 2009.


2 



B. Otjacques, M. Krier, F. Feltz, D. Ferring, M. Hoffmann : 

« User-Centered Activity Management System for Elderly People », proceedings of the « 3 rd International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for 

Healthcare 2009 (Pervasive Health 2009), 1-3 April 2009, London, UK », IEEE Computer Society Editions, pp. 1-4, 2009. 

B. Otjacques, M. Marc, F. Feltz, D. Ferring, M. Hoffmann : 

« Early lessons from the design of tactile terminals for elderly people », proceedings of the « International Workshop on Technologies to Counter Cognitive Decline 

2009 (TCCD 2009), 31 st March 2009, London, UK », IEEE Computer Society Editions, pp. 1-4, 2009. 

A. Schlechter, G. Simon, F. Feltz : 

« From an Abstract Object-Oriented Domain Model To a Meta-Model for the Domain », proceedings of the « 4 th International Conference on Software and Data 

Technologies (ICSoft 2009) », Sofia, Bulgarie, 26-29 août, pp. 317-320, 2009. 

T. Tamisier, H. Bouzite, C. Louis, Y. Gaffinet, F. Feltz : 

« Model based testing for horizontal and vertical collaboration in embedded systems development », proceedings of the « 6 th International Conference on Cooperative 

Design, Visualization and Engineering (CDVE 2009), 20-23 September 2009, Luxembourg », published in « Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5738 », 

Springer, Berlin, Allemagne, pp. 293-296, 2009. 

T. Tamisier, Y. Didry, O. Parisot, F. Feltz : 

« A collaborative reasoning maintenance system for a reliable application of legislations », proceedings of the « 6 th International Conference on Cooperative 

Design, Visualization and Engineering (CDVE 2009), 20-23 September, 2009, Luxembourg », published in « Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5738 », 

Springer, Berlin, Allemagne, pp. 313-316, 2009.


2 



c. Articles 

J. Klein, F. Feltz, G. Perrouin, N. Guelfi, J.-M. Jézéquel : 

« L’Ingénierie dirigée par les modèles pour des lignes de produits innovantes », published in « Revue technique luxembourgeoise 3 », pp. 32-33, 2009. 


F. Allouti, M. Nadif, A. Le Thi Hoai, B. Otjacques : 

« Combinaison de la classification et la visualisation pour les données textuelles », proceedings of the « 9 es journées francophones : extraction et gestion des 

connaissances (EGC’09) : atelier sur la visualisation et l’extraction de connaissances », Strasbourg, France, 27-30 janvier 2009 

M. Hoffmann, D. Ferring, B. Otjacques, M. Krier : 

« Technology and Ageing: The Notion of Usability », proceedings of the « 11 th European Congress of Psychology », Oslo, Norvège, 7-10 juillet, 2009


2 



a. Publications referenced in Thomson Reuters or Scopus 

b. Communication summaries 

c. Theses


2 



a. Publications referenced in Thomson Reuters or Scopus 

C.-E. Barniche, D. Duday, P. Choquet, H.-N. Migeon , E. Rocca : 

« Electrochemical behaviour of thin films deposited by plasma DBD torch on copper: An O 2 -diffusion Barrier », published in « Electrochimica Acta 54 » pp. 5789-5795, 

2009 

IF : 3.078 

Domaine : Electrochemistry, Classement : 5/22 

J.-N. Borges, T. Belmonte, J. Guillot, D. Duday, M. Moreno-Couranjou, P. Choquet, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Functionalization of copper surfaces by plasma treatments to improve adhesion of epoxy resins », published in « Plasma Processes and Polymers 6 », pp. 490-495, 

2009. 

IF : 2.921 

Domaines : 

Physics, applied, Classement : 15/95 

Physics, condensed matter, Classement : 12/62 

Physics, fluids & plasmas, Classement : 3/26 

Polymer science, Classement : 12/73 

J. Brison, J. Guillot, B. Douhard, R.G. Vitchev, H.-N. Migeon, L. Houssiau : 

« On the understanding of positive and negative ionization processes during ToF-SIMS depth profiling by co-sputtering with cesium and xenon », published in 

« Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 267 », pp. 519-524, 2009. 

IF : 0.999 

Domaines : 

Instruments & instrumentation, Classement : 31/56 

Nuclear science & technology, Classement : 10/30 

Physics, atomic, molecular & chemical, Classement : 24/31 

Physics, nuclear, Classement : 14/20


2 



S. Bulou, L. Le Brizoual, R. Hugon, L. De Poucques, M. Belmahi, H.-N. Migeon, J. Bougdira : 

« Characterization of a N 2 /CH 4 microwave plasma with a solid additive Si source used for SiCN deposition », published in « Plasma Processes and Polymers 6 », 

pp. S576-S581, 2009. 

IF : 2.921 

Domaines : 





J.-C. Charlier, L. Arnaud, I.V. Avilov, M. Delgado, F. Demoisson, E.H. Espinosa, C.P. Ewels, A. Felten, J. Guillot, R. Ionescu, R. Leghrib, E. Llobet, A. Mansour, 

H.-N. Migeon , J.-J. Pireaux, F. Reniers, I. Suarez-Martinez, G.E. Watson, Z. Zanolli : 

« Carbon nanotubes randomly decorated with gold clusters: from nano 2 hybrid atomic structures to gas sensing prototypes », published in « Nanotechnology 20 », 

10 p., 2009. 

IF : 3.446 

Domaines : 

Engineering, multidisciplinary, Classement : 3/67 

Materials science, multidisciplinary, Classement : 25/192 

Nanoscience & nanotechnology, Classement : 11/52 


D. Duday, P. Choquet, J. Guillot, J. Ghanbaja, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Deposition of Ti-O-N-C Coatings by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition », published in « Plasma Processes and Polymers 6, Suppl. S », pp. S129- 

S134, 2009. 

IF : 2.921 

Domaines : 




Polymer science, Classement : 12/73


2 



T. Eybe, T. Bohn, J.-N. Audinot, T. Udelhoven, H.-M. Cauchie, H.-N. Migeon, L. Hoffmann : 

« Uptake visualization of deltamethrin by NanoSIMS and acute toxicity to the water flea Daphnia magna », published in « Chemosphere 76 », pp. 134-140, 2009. 

IF : 3.054 

Domaine : Environmental sciences, Classement : 23/163 

A.-C. Gérard, S. Poncin, J.-N. Audinot, J.-F. Denef, I.M. Colin : 

« Iodide deficiency-induced angiogenic stimulus in the thyroid occurs via HIF- and ROS-dependent VEGF-A secretion from thyrocytes », published in « American 

Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism 296 », pp. E1414-E1422, 2009. 

IF : 3.855 

Domaines : 

Endocrinology & metabolism, Classement : 27/93 

Physiology, Classement : 14/74 

J. Guillot, T. Wirtz, T. Girot, M. Penoy, H.-N. Migeon, G. Barbier : 

« Quantification of a Ti(C x N 1-x ) based multilayer by Auger Electron Spectroscopy », published in « Applied Surface Science 256 », pp. 773-778, 2009. 

IF : 1.576 

Domaines : 

Chemistry, physical, Classement : 67/113 

Materials science, coatings & films, Classement : 4/16 


Physics, condensed matter, Classement : 24/62


2 



H. Hody, P. Choquet, H.-N. Migeon, J.-J. Pireaux : 

« Optimization of an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Copolymerization Process With a View to Nanopowder Functionalization », published in « Plasma Processes and 

Polymers 6, S1 », pp. S883-S887, 2009. 

IF : 2.921 

Domaines : 





C. Mansilla, T. Wirtz, C. Verdeil : 

« Study of the useful yield of the Storing Matter technique using Ge(1 0 0) as a sputter target », published in « Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research 

Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 267 », pp. 2589-2591, 2009. 

IF : 0.999 

Domaines : 




Physics, nuclear, Classement : 14/20 

M. Moreno-Couranjou, P. Choquet, J. Guillot, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Surface modification of natural vulcanized rubbers by atmospheric dielectric barrier discharges plasma treatments », published in « Plasma Processes and 

Polymers 6 », pp. 397-400, 2009. 

IF : 2.921 

Domaines : 




Polymer science, Classement : 12/73


2 



C. Noël, D. Duday, S. Verdier, P. Choquet, T. Belmonte, H.-N. Migeon : 

Interaction of Stearic Acid Deposited on Silicon Samples With Ar/N 2 and Ar/O 2 Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Post-discharges », published in « Plasma processes 

and polymers 6, Suppl. S », pp. S187-S192, 2009. 

IF : 2.921 

Domaines : 





M. Senou, M.J. Costa, C. Massart, M. Thimmesch, C. Khalifa, S. Poncin, M. Boucquey, A.-C. Gérard, J.-N. Audinot, C. Dessy, J. Ruf, O. Feron, O. Devuyst, 

Y. Guiot, J.E. Dumont, J. Van Sande, M.-C. Many : 

« Role of caveolin-1 in thyroid phenotype, cell homeostasis, and hormone synthesis: In vivo study of caveolin-1 knockout mice », published in « American Journal of 

Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism 297 », pp. E438-E451, 2009. 

IF : 3.855 

Domaines : 

Endocrinology & metabolism, Classement : 27/93 

Physiology, Classement : 14/74 

V.I. Slaveykova, C. Guignard, T. Eybe, H.-N. Migeon, L. Hoffmann : 

« Dynamic NanoSIMS ion imaging of unicellular freshwater algae exposed to copper », published in « Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 393 », pp. 583-589, 

2009. 

IF : 3.328 

Domaines : 


Chemistry, analytical, Classement : 9/70


2 



C. Verdeil, T. Wirtz, H. Scherrer : 

« Angular distribution of GaAs sputtered under oblique Cs + bombardment », published in « Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam 

Interactions with Materials and Atoms 267 », pp. 2745-2747, 2009. 

IF : 0.999 

Domaines : 





T. Wirtz, C. Mansilla, R. Barrahma, C. Verdeil : 

« Novel Floating Low-Energy Ion Gun for the storing matter instrument », published in « Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam 

Interactions with Materials and Atoms 267 », pp. 2583-2585, 2009. 

IF : 0.999 

Domaines : 





T. Wirtz, C. Mansilla, C. Verdeil, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Storing Matter: A new quantitative and sensitive analytical technique based on sputtering and collection of sample material », published in « Nuclear Instruments 

and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 267 », pp. 2586-2588, 2009. 

IF : 0.999 

Domaines : 




Physics, nuclear, Classement : 14/20


2 



b. Communication summaries 

J.-N. Audinot, A. Cabin-Flaman, P. Philipp, G. Legent, T. Wirtz, H.-N. Migeon : 

« NanoSIMS 50 imaging of thin samples coupled with neutral cesium deposition », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass 

Spectrometry (SIMS XVII) », Toronto, Canada, 14-18 septembre, 2009. 

J.-N. Audinot, P. Lévêque, R. Bechara, N. Leclerc, J. Guillot, H.-N. Migeon, G. Hadziioannou, T. Heiser : 

« Characterization of P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices using advanced secondary ion mass spectrometry techniques », book of abstracts of the 

« 13 th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis (ECASIA’09) », Antalya, Turquie, p. 205, 2009. 

J.-N. Audinot, A. Migeon, T. Eybe, P. Richaud, D. Blaudez, H.-N. Migeon, M. Chalot : 

« Cadmium and zinc localization by SIMS in leaves of Populus deltoids (cv. Lena) grown on a metal polluted soil », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International 

Conference on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS XVII) », Toronto, Canada, 14-18 septembre, 2009. 

J.-N. Audinot, P. Lévêque, N. Leclerc, V. Gernigon, H.-N. Migeon, T. Heiser : 

« Nanoscale-morphology of polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices investigated by advanced secondary ion mass spectrometry techniques », 

book of abstracts of the « 17 th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS XVII) », Toronto, Canada, 14-18 septembre, 2009. 

N. Becker, T. Wirtz and H.-N. Migeon : 

« The Storing Matter technique: application to polymer samples using Ag collectors », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass 


N. Becker, T. Wirtz and H.-N. Migeon : 

« The Storing Matter technique: application to PVC using Au and Ag collectors », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass 


B. Bendler, R. Barrahma, P. Philipp, T. Wirtz : 

« New Neutral Cesium Evaporation Chamber and New UHV Suitcase », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry 

(SIMS XVII) », Toronto, Canada, 14-18 septembre, 2009.


2 



B. Bendler, P. Philipp, T. Wirtz, H.-N. Migeon : 

« About the use of Neutral Cesium Deposition in the pre-equilibrium regime », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass 


J.-N. Borges, T. Belmonte, D. Duday, P. Choquet, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Functionalization of Copper Surfaces by Plasma Treatments to Improve Adhesion of Epoxy Resins » book of abstracts of the « 7 th Asian-European International 

Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering », Busan, Corée du Sud, 21-25 septembre, 2009. 

N.D. Boscher, P. Choquet, D. Duday, H.-N. Migeon, S. Verdier : 

« Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge Deposition of Organosilicon Thin Films for Aluminium Corrosion Protection », book of abstracts of the 

« V th aluminium Surface Science & Technology conference (ASSTO9) », Leyde, Pays-Bas, 10-14 mai, 2009. 

N.D. Boscher, P. Choquet, D. Duday, H.-N. Migeon, S. Verdier : 

« Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge Deposition of Organosilicon Thin Films for Aluminium Corrosion Protection », book of abstracts of the 

« 19 th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC 19) », Bochum, Allemagne, 27-31 juillet, p. 220, 2009. 

N.D. Boscher, P. Choquet, D. Duday, R. Maurau, S. Verdier : 

« Influence of the Organosilicon precursor on the corrosion of Aluminium coated sheet by Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge », book of abstracts of 

the « Innovations in Thin Film Processing and Characterisation (ITFPC 2009.) », Nancy, France, 17-20 novembre, 2009. 

N.D. Boscher, D. Duday, P. Choquet, S. Verdier : 

« Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge Deposition of Organosilicon Thin Films for Aluminium Corrosion Protection », book of abstracts of the « 7 th Asian- 

European International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering », Busan, Corée du Sud, 21-25 septembre, 2009. 

P. Choquet, J.-N. Borges, H. Hody, M. Moreno-Couranjou, D. Duday, N.D. Bosher : 

« Nano-structured plasma film deposition for the adhesion improvement of metallic sheet or ceramic powders with polymer materials », book of abstracts of the 

« 17 th International Colloquium on Plasma Processes (CIP’09) », Marseille, France, 22-26 juin, 2009.


2 



D. Duday, P. Choquet, N. Valle, J.-N. Audinot, J. Guillot, V. Hody, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Auger Electron Spectroscopy Used at nm Range Depth Resolutions and Tens of nm Range Lateral Resolution for Ultimate 

Characterization of Nanostructured Hard Coatings », book of abstracts of the « 36 th International Conference On Metallurgical Coatings And Thin Films (ICMCTF 

2009) », Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, Californie, Etats-Unis, 28 avril 2009. 

D. Duday, C. Noël, G. Frache, P. Choquet, Th. Belmonte, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Stearic Acid interaction with Ar/N 2 and Ar/O 2 Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Post Discharges: a new way to follow organic compound plasma degradation », book 

of abstracts of the « 19 th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC 19) », Bochum, Allemagne, 27-31 juillet, p. 265, 2009. 

G. Frache, B. El Adib, J.-N. Audinot, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Evaluation of ionization yields in organic samples under gallium bombardment », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass 


J. Guillot, N. Valle, E. Maitre, S. Verdier, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Investigation on the magnesium segregation in low-Mg aluminium alloys and on its impact on adhesion properties », book of abstracts of the « 13 th European 

Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis (ECASIA’09) », Antalya, Turquie, p. 136, 2009. 

U. Gunst, J. Guillot, N. Valle, W.-R. Zabel, H.-N. Migeon , G. Poll, H.F. Arlinghaus : 

« Investigation of Tribological System Surfaces of High-Speed Rolling Element Bearings by AES, XPS and SIMS », book of abstracts of the « 4 th World Tribology 

Congress WTC IV », Kyoto, Japon, 6-11 septembre, 2009. 

A.C. Gutleb, T. Eybe, T. Bohn, J.N Audinot, E. Lentzen, H.-N. Migeon , L. Hoffmann : 

« Mapping the exposure of Br containing compounds in cyanobacteria with the NanoSIMS 50 », book of abstracts of the « Fachgruppe Umweltchemie und Ökotoxikologie, 

Jahrestagung 2009 : Stoffverhalten und -wirkungen in Umweltkompartimenten », Trèves, Allemagne, p. 145, 2009. 

V. Hody, M. Martinez Celis, P. Choquet, D. Duday, C. Michotte, M. Penoy : 

« AlTiTaN, AlCrTaN and AlTiSiN Hard Coatings: Effect of Bias Voltage and Composition on the structure and the mechanical Properties », book of abstracts of the 

« Innovations in Thin Film Processing and Characterisation (ITFPC 2009) », Nancy, France, 17-20 novembre, 2009.


2 



H. Hody, M. Moreno, P. Choquet, J.-J. Pireaux : 

« Carboxylic functionalization by means of a VTMS-MA copolymerization in a DBD plasma at atmospheric pressure », book of abstracts of the « 19 th International 

Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC 19) », Bochum, Allemagne, 27-31 juillet, p. 307, 2009. 

C. Mansilla, T. Wirtz : 

« Application of the Storing Matter Technique to the analysis of semi-conductor materials », book of abstracts of the « INSIGHT 2009 », Napa, Californie, Etats-Unis, 

26-29 avril, 2009. 

C. Mansilla, T. Wirtz, J. Guillot, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Storing Matter: a new analytical technique developed to improve the sensitivity and the quantification during SIMS analyses », book of abstracts of the « 13 th European 

Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis (ECASIA’09) », Antalya, Turquie, p. 272, 2009. 

R. Maurau, A. Dembele, N. Boscher, D. Duday, P. Choquet, F. Arefi-Khonsari : 

« Influence of the substrate on the properties of the thin films deposited in a dielectric barrier discharge from a mixture of HMDSO/N 2 », book of abstracts of the 

« 19 th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry (ISPC 19) », Bochum, Allemagne, 27-31 juillet, p. 29, 2009. 

H.-N. Migeon , S. Siebentritt, A. Benninghoven, P. Bertrand, J. Mayer, G. N. Misevic : 

« European PhD school on “Nanoanalysis using finely focused ion and electron beams” », book of abstracts of the « EuroNanoForum 2009: Nanotechnology for 

Sustainable Economy: European and International Forum on Nanotechnology » Prague, République Tchèque, p. 96, ISBN 978-92-79-12973-5, 2009. 

M. Moreno-Couranjou, P. Choquet, J. Guillot, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Low pressure plasma treatments of vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubbers for improved adhesion to silicone adhesives », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International 

Colloquium on Plasma Processes (CIP’09) », Marseille, France, 22-26 juin, 2009. 

K.Q. Ngo, P. Philipp, Y. Jin, S.E. Morris, M. Shtein, J. Kieffer, T. Wirtz : 

« Analysis and fragmentation of organic samples by (low-energy) dynamic SIMS », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass 

Spectrometry (SIMS XVII) », Toronto, Canada, 14-18 septembre, 2009.


2 



K.Q. Ngo, P. Philipp, Y. Jin, S.E. Morris, M. Shtein, J. Kieffer, T. Wirtz : 

« Analysis of organic multilayered samples for optoelectronic devices by (low-energy) dynamic SIMS », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International Conference on 

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS XVII) », Toronto, Canada, 14-18 septembre, 2009. 

L. Nittler, A. Delcorte, P. Bertrand, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Relation between the secondary yield enhancement and the structure of the metallic overlayer in Metal-Assisted SIMS », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International 


C. Noël, T. Belmonte, G. Henrion, Z. Harrache, R.-P. Cardoso, N. Sadeghi : 

« Laser diode absorption investigation of a high pressure argon microwave discharge », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International Colloquium on Plasma Processes 

(CIP’09) », Marseille, France, 22-26 juin, 2009. 

C. Noël, R. Maurau, R.P. Cardoso, G. Henrion, D. Duday, P. Choquet, F. Erefi-Khonsari, H.-N. Migeon, N. Sadeghi, T. Belmonte : 

« Characterization by diode laser absorption spectroscopy of an argon microwave plasma », book of abstracts of the « Innovations in Thin Film Processing and 

Characterisation (ITFPC 2009) », Nancy, France, 17-20 novembre, 2009. 

P. Philipp, Y. Yue, T. Wirtz, J. Kieffer : 

« Ion-Matter interactions by MD simulations making use of reactive force fields », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass 


L. Pillatsch, T. Wirtz, H.-N. Migeon, H. Scherrer : 

« SIMS using negative ion bombardment », book of abstracts of the « 13 th European Conference on Applications of Surface and Interface Analysis (ECASIA’09) », 

Antalya, Turquie, p. 78, 2009. 

N. Valle, J. Drillet, A. Pic, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Nano-SIMS investigation of boron distribution in steel », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS XVII) 

», Toronto, Canada, 14-18 septembre, 2009.


2 



S. Verdier, N. Valle, J. Guillot, E. Maitre : 

« On the segregation of magnesium in low-Mg alluminium alloys – Characterization through a 5 nm oxide film and effects on adhesion », book of abstracts of the 

« V th aluminium Surface Science & Technology conference (ASSTO9) », Leyde, Pays-bas, 10-14 mai, 2009. 

F. Wahoud, J.-N. Audinot, J. Guillot, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Effect of structure modifications of polymers during Cs + sputtering on the SIMS signals in the pre-equilibrium regime », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International 


F. Wahoud, J.-N. Audinot, A. Delcorte, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Origin of the oscillatory phase during Cs + sputtering of organic materials », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass 


F. Wahoud, J.-N. Audinot, A. Delcorte, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Variation of the sputtering yield with the impact energy during Cs + sputtering of polystyrene », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International Conference on Secondary 

Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS XVII) », Toronto, Canada, 14-18 septembre, 2009. 

T. Wirtz, C. Mansilla : 

« Storing Matter: a new quantitative and sensitive analytical technique based on sputtering and collection of sample material », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International 


F. Wu, N. Valle, R. Fitzpatrick, J.G. Ekerdt, L. Houssiau, H.-N. Migeon : 

« Quantification of BCN films by SIMS using neutral cesium deposition », book of abstracts of the « 17 th International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry 

(SIMS XVII) », Toronto, Canada, 14-18 septembre, 2009. 

F. Wu, N. Valle, R. Fitzpatrick, J.G. Ekerdt, L. Houssiau, H.-N. Migeon : 

+ th « Quantitative investigation of BCN films by dynamic SIMS using the MCs mode », book of abstracts of the « 17 International Conference on Secondary Ion Mass 

x 

Spectrometry (SIMS XVII) », Toronto, Canada, 14-18 septembre, 2009.


2 



c. Theses 

H. Hody : 

« Low and atmospheric pressure plasma processes to functionalize flat substrates and nanopowders with carboxylic groups », PhD Thesis, Physique, Facultés Universitaires 

Notre-Dame de la Paix, Namur, 2009. 

R. Maurau : 

« Etude de l’influence du régime d’une décharge à barrière diélectrique dans un mélange HMDSO/N 2 sur les propriétés du procédé de dépôt », PhD Thesis, Génie 

des procédés et haute technologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie : Paris 6, 2009. 

C. Noël : 

« Plasmas micro-ondes d’argon à la pression atmospherique : diagnostics et applications au nettoyage de surfaces », PhD Thesis, Science et Ingénierie des 

Matériaux, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine, Nancy, 2009.


3 

Report from the Corporate auditor Balance sheet Profit and loss account Appendix


3 

To the Board of Directors of the 

Gabriel Lippmann 

Public Research Centre 

Public establishment 

Belvaux 

Report from the Corporate auditor 

Pursuant to the mission entrusted to us, we have audited the attached annual financial statements of the Gabriel Lippmann Public Research Centre, including the 

balance sheet on 31 December 2009 and the income statement for the fiscal year ending on that date, as well as the appendix containing a summary of the main 

accounting methods and other explanatory notes. 

Responsibility of the Board of Directors for the preparation and presentation of the annual financial statements 

The Board of Directors is responsible for the preparation and truthful presentation of these annual financial statements, in keeping with the legal and regulatory obligations 

pertaining to the preparation and presentation of annual financial statements currently in effect in Luxembourg. This responsibility includes: the design, set-up 

and monitoring of an internal control system relative to the preparation and truthful presentation of annual financial statements that are free of significant anomalies, 

whether resulting from fraud or errors, as well as the determination of reasonable accounting estimates in view of the circumstances. 

Responsibility of the Corporate Auditor 

Our responsibility is to express an opinion regarding these annual financial statements on the basis of our audit. We have carried out our audit according to the International 

Audit Standards as adopted by the Institut des Réviseurs d’Entreprises. The standards require that we comply with the ethical rules, and that we plan and 

carry out the audit in order to obtain reasonable assurance that the annual financial statements contain no significant anomalies. 

An audit implies the implementation of procedures intended to gather evidence supporting the amounts and information contained in the annual financial statements. 

The choice of procedures is made by the Corporate Auditor, as is the assessment of the risk that the annual financial statements contain significant anomalies, 

whether resulting from fraud or error. When carrying out these risk assessments, the Corporate Auditor takes into account the internal control used within the entity 

relative to the preparation and truthful presentation of the annual financial statements in order to define audit procedures appropriate to the situation, not in order to 

express an opinion on the efficiency of this control. 

An audit also includes an assessment of the appropriate nature of the adopted accounting methods and of the reasonable nature of the accounting estimates made 

by the Board of Directors, as well as an assessment of the overall presentation of the annual financial statements. We feel that the collected evidence is sufficient and 

appropriate for the basis of our opinion.


3 

Report from the Corporate auditor 

Opinion 

In our opinion, the annual financial statements give a fair picture of the asset base and financial situation of the Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann 

on 31 December 2009, as well as of the results for the fiscal year ending on this date, pursuant to the legal and regulatory obligations relative to the 

preparation and presentation of annual financial statements as currently in effect in Luxembourg. 

H.R.T. RÉVISION S.A. 

Julien DIDIERJEAN 

Luxembourg, 23 March 2010


3 

CRP - Gabriel Lippmann 


31 December 2009 

(expressed in euros) 

BALANCE SHEET 

ACTIVE 2009 (EUR) 2008 (EUR) 

FIXED ASSETS 18.157.988,22 15.984.476,32 

Intangible fixed assets (Note 3) 

Patents, licences, software programs 283.299,62 199.099,15 

Tangible fixed assets (Note 3) 

Land and buildings 265.256,46 151.555,01 

Technical installations and machines 3.269.423,32 3.063.883,29 

Other installations, equipment and furnishings 2.862.877,44 2.378.234,48 

Advances paid and tangible fixed assets in progress 11.476.361,38 10.190.934,39 

17.873.918,60 15.784.607,17 

Financial assets 770,00 770,00 

CURRENT ASSETS 34.406.398,77 30.893.117,44 

Receivables 

(for which the residual duration is less than or equal to one year) 

Receivables resulting from sales and service providing 1.768.961,68 1.940.295,96 

Other receivables 3.311.997,90 4.106.847,06 

5.080.959,58 6.047.143,02 

Cash in hand and at bank 29.325.439,19 24.845.974,42 

ACCRUALS 216.600,53 280.923,01 

52.780.987,52 47.158.516,77 

The appendices are an integral part of the annual financial statements


3 





BALANCE SHEET 

LIABILITIES 2009 (EUR) 2008 (EUR) 

SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY 41.068.062,45 35.923.212,08 

Capital invested 14.295.030,15 12.158.815,44 

Reserve funds (Note 4) 4.247.167,21 4.247.167,21 

Investment reserves (Notes 3 and 4) 9.288.075,53 9.669.305,10 

Investment subsidies (Notes 3 and 4) 6.420.251,77 5.673.300,10 

Profit or loss brought forward 4.174.624,23 - 

Fiscal year earnings 2.642.913,56 4.174.624,23 

PROVISIONS FOR CONTINGENCIES AND LOSSES 6.378.720,41 7.758.069,89 

Other provisions (Note 5) 6.378.720,41 7.758.069,89 

DEBTS (for which the residual duration is less than or equal to one year) 2.819.550,18 2.033.597,71 

Debts on purchases and service providing 1.332.319,64 950.236,07 

Tax debts 276.774,43 182.104,28 

Debts relative to health insurance 333.267,07 250.886,78 

Advances received on research projects 165.609,57 165.609,57 

Other debts 711.579,47 484.761,01 

ACCRUALS 2.514.654,48 1.443.637,09 

Contributions and deferred funds (Note 2) 1.811.448,35 710.499,71 

Deferred income 703.206,13 733.137,38 

The appendices are an integral part of the annual financial statements 

52.780.987,52 47.158.516,77


3 PROFIT 





AND LOSS ACCOUNT 

EXPENSES 2009 (EUR) 2008 (EUR) 

Other external charges 3.741.870,55 3.215.983,31 

Personnel costs 

• wages and salaries 10.211.471,76 8.408.649,79 

• social charges 1.338.885,35 1.001.295,48 

11.550.357,11 9.409.945,27 

Value corrections on tangible and intangible 

fixed assets (Notes 3 and 4) 1.649.768,42 1.567.495,96 

Other operating expenses 225.722,56 833.934,84 

Interest and similar charges 5.882,76 1.944,73 

Fiscal year profit 2.642.913,56 4.174.624,23 

Allocation to the reserve funds 65.400,45 - 

PRODUCTS 

19.881.915,41 19.203.928,34 

Sales figure net amount 3.444.731,71 3.101.437,99 

Contributions and funds (Note 2) 15.467.746,94 14.346.779,72 

Other operating income 364.903,13 305.983,28 

Other interest and related income 604.533,63 1.449.727,35 

19.881.915,41 19.203.928,34 



3Note 1 





APPENDIX 

Note 1 - Generalities 

By virtue of the Grand Ducal regulation of 31 May 1999 changing the name of the Centre de Recherche Public du Centre Universitaire de Luxembourg, this institution 

now bears the name Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann. 

The Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann (“CRP - Gabriel Lippmann”) was created by the Grand Ducal regulation of 31 July 1987 bringing about the creation 

of a public research centre attached to the Luxembourg University Centre, with the status of a public establishment. The corporate fiscal year begins on 1 January 

and ends on 31 December of each year. 

The task of the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann is to undertake research, development and technology transfer activities in order to promote scientific progress or technological 

innovation. 

According to its articles of association, the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann can notably have the following resources in order to carry out its activities: 

• an annual financial contribution coming from the State budget of receipts and expenses, allocated according to the research and development priorities 

established by the Government and to the activity programme proposed by the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann; 

• annual financial contributions coming from the State budget of receipts and expenses, reserved for the performance of specific missions; 

• participations paid with regard to research and development in projects carried out on a contractual basis; 

• gifts and bequests, in cash or in kind, earnings resulting from the management of its asset base, as well as earnings derived from the assignment of property 

rights or the granting of licences. 

Moreover, premises, installations and equipment have been made available to the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann at no charge. 



3Note 2 





APPENDIX 

Note 2 - Main accounting methods 

General principles 

The annual financial statements are drafted in compliance with the generally accepted accounting practices, and presented, in view of the principle of relative importance, 

according to the requirements of the modified law of 10 August 1915 on commercial companies. 

Tangible and intangible fixed assets 

• Basic equipment 

The basic equipment is defined as the lasting equipment that, once it has become unusable, will have to be replaced in order to allow the CRP to continue its lasting 

activities. It is listed in a multi-year investment plan approved by the board of directors. 

• Other fixed assets – non-renewable fixed assets 

The non-renewable fixed assets (acquired or produced for specific isolated needs, i.e. alteration works, project not included in the centre’s permanent activities...) 

are recognised in accounts that are separate from the ones listing the basic equipment. 

This also applies to renewable goods for which the financing is also renewable, provided that the said financing is guaranteed. 

Whether considered as “basic equipment” or “non-renewable fixed assets”, the tangible and intangible fixed assets are listed on the asset side of the balance 

sheet, at their acquisition costs.


3Note 2 





APPENDIX 

Tangible and intangible fixed assets are amortised on a straight line basis according to their estimated usage duration, at the rate of: 

Licence - patents 33.33 % - 20 % 

Buildings 10 % 

Technical installations and machines 33.33 % - 25 % - 20 % - 16.67 % - 12.5% - 10% 

Furnishings 10% 

Office equipment 20 % 

Financing of the tangible and intangible fixed assets 

When it appears, at the time of the investment plan’s approval by the board of directors, that the acquisitions of new fixed assets will not be entirely financed by 

contributions, the missing portion is booked in the reserve related to the investment plan by allocation of the earnings or drawing against the shareholders equity. 

Should it appear, during the implementation of the investment plan, that the actual contributions for the financing of equipment may not cover the anticipated 

amount, a corresponding provision is established. 

• New basic equipment 

The financing that provided for the acquisition of the new basic equipment is listed as capital invested and shown in the balance sheet in a manner that will allow 

the renewal of this basic equipment. 

• Renewal of the basic equipment 

The basic equipment is replaced at the end of the useful life of the equipment in question, or when it is placed out of service. It is financed with the capital replenished 

from the amortisations carried out in previous years.


3Note 2 





APPENDIX 

• Non-renewable fixed assets (or ones for which the renewal would require a new contribution) 

At the time of the acquisition of non-renewable assets, the corresponding financing is recorded either as investment subsidies, or as investment reserves (by debiting 

the reserve account linked to the investment plan or by debiting the relative provision account), in the event that there are no subsidies. In both cases, these 

accounts (investment subsidies and investment reserve) are shown in the income statement in keeping with the amortisations applied to the corresponding fixed 

assets, which offsets the allocations made to the amortisations, which are thus financed. 

Financial contributions not intended for the financing of fixed assets 

Financial contributions that are not intended for the financing of fixed assets and that are linked to the financing of given expenses are recorded as earnings in the 

profit and loss account when they are received or are to be received, except for the portion used to finance operating expenses in a future period, which is carried 

forward and recognised as earnings in the future period in which it will be used for this financing. 

The State’s financial contribution as anticipated in the multi-year agreement (“performance contract”) is not defined either according to the total expenses nor as the 

financing needed to balance the operating account, but is explicitly granted with regard to the stated objectives and in order to contribute to the financing of the actions 

that will be implemented in order to attain the said objectives. As such, the State’s contribution allocated for a fiscal year will be entirely encoded as proceeds 

of the fiscal year to which the contribution relates. 

Receivables 

These items are listed in the balance sheet at their face value. Corrections of specific values are carried out, if relevant, in order to return the receivables to their 

presumed realisation value. 

Shareholders equity - Capital invested 

This account lists the financing that provided for the acquisition of the centre’s new basic equipment (shown in the balance sheet in a manner that will allow the 

renewal of this basic equipment).


3Note 2 





APPENDIX 

Shareholders equity - Reserve funds (Unavailable) 

This account constitutes a cash reserve supplied by allocation of the earnings up to an amount equal to a maximum of 6 times the average amount of the monthly 

payments. 

Shareholders equity - Reserve linked to the investment plan (Unavailable) 

This account lists the portion required for the financing of the investment plan approved by the board of directors, that is not provided by contributions. It is built up 

by allocation of the earnings or drawing against the shareholders equity. When fixed assets are acquired, the corresponding amounts are transferred to the capital 

invested or investment reserve accounts, depending on whether the assets in question are renewable or not. 

Shareholders equity - Investment reserve (Unavailable) 

This account lists the financing that provided for the acquisition of non-renewable assets, not consisting of subsidies. This account is shown in the income statement 

in keeping with the amortisations applied to the corresponding fixed assets, which offsets the allocations made to the amortisations, which are thus financed. 

Shareholders equity - Investment subsidies 

This account lists the subsidies that provided for the acquisition of non-renewable assets. This account is shown in the income statement in keeping with the amortisations 

applied to the corresponding fixed assets, which offsets the allocations made to the amortisations, which are thus financed. 

Earnings 

Insofar as the State’s financial contribution as anticipated in the multi-year agreement (“performance contract”) is not defined either according to the total expenses 

nor as the financing needed to balance the operating account, but is explicitly granted with regard to the stated objectives and in order to contribute to the financing 

of the actions that will be implemented in order to attain the said objectives, the contribution allocated for a fiscal year will be entirely encoded as proceeds of the 

fiscal year to which the contribution relates.


3Note 2 





APPENDIX 

As such, the operating earnings will not necessarily be balanced, and the fiscal year earnings will be listed as “profits and losses brought forward” at the end of 

each fiscal year closed during the period covered by the performance contract, with the exception of the last fiscal year. The aggregated income carried forward for 

the entire period covered by the performance contract, as resulting from the closing of the financial statements of the last fiscal year covered by it, will be allocated 

according to a decision by the board of directors. 

Provisions for contingencies and losses 

The provisions for contingencies and losses are intended to hedge losses or debts that are clearly defined with regard to their nature but that, on the balance sheet 

closing date, are either probable or certain but indeterminate as to their amount or the date of their occurrence. 

Debts 

The debts are included in the liabilities at their face value. 

Accruals and deferred expenses - Deferred contributions and funds 

This item includes: 

• the annual contributions coming from the State budget; 

• the funds allocated by partners in research and development projects; 

• and the contributions allocated by other public institutions 

received or due during a fiscal year and corresponding with expenses relating to future fiscal years. 

Sales figure net amount 

The sales figure net amount includes the costs of the service providing listed in the account of the beneficiaries of these services.


3Note 2 





APPENDIX 

Research and development expenses 

Research and development expenses are reported as charges once recognised. Research and development expenses consist of the research work of a primarily 

scientific nature or work intended to find a practical application for the aforesaid activities. 

Management activities 

The CRP - Gabriel Lippmann manages training - research bursaries, as well as grants in relation with its research and development activities, in its name but on 

behalf of government agencies or companies. In its capacity as agent, the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann acts only as an intermediary from a financial viewpoint. 

These management activities are recorded in the form of off-balance sheet commitments. 

The commissions compensating this management, as well as the interest on the attached assets, if any, are recorded in the profits and losses of the 

CRP - Gabriel Lippmann. 

Currency conversions 

Since 2002, the company has maintained its accounts in Euros (EUR) and the annual financial statements are expressed in that currency. 

During the fiscal year, transactions, income and expenses listed in a currency other than the Euro are converted into Euros on the basis of the exchange rates in 

effect on the operation’s date. 

On the closing date, short-term receivables and debts listed in a currency other than the Euro are converted into Euros on the basis of the exchange rates in effect 

on the closing date, with exchange differences being included in the profits and losses.


3Note 3 





APPENDIX 

Note 3 - Fixed assets 

Non-renewable equipment 

Intangible fixed assets 

Concessions, 

patents, licences 

TOTAL 

Investment 

reserve 

Investment subsidy TOTAL 

(EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) 

Gross book value at start of the fiscal year: 75,753.98 75,753.98 (32,359.80) (44,091.39) (76,451.19) 

Fiscal year start: 11,636.60 11,636.60 (10,831.60) (805.00) (11,636.60) 

Gross book value at the end of the fiscal year: 87,390.58 87,390.58 (43,191.40) (44,896.39) (88,087.79) 

Value correction at the start of the fiscal year: (47,020.74) (47,020.74) 4,446.99 36,295.95 40,742.94 

Fiscal year allocation: (14,938.51) (14,938.51) 10,305.76 4,632.75 14,938.51 

Value correction at the end of the fiscal year: (61,959.25) (61,959.25) 14,752.75 40,928.70 55,681.45 

Net book value at the end of the fiscal year: 25,431.33 25,431.33 (28,438.65) (3,967.69) (32,406.34)


3Note 3 





APPENDIX 

Non-renewable equipment 

Tangible fixed assets 

Other installations, 

equipment and 

furnishings 

Fixed assets in 

progress and 

advances paid 

TOTAL Investment 

reserve 

Investment 

subsidy 

TOTAL 

(EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) 

Gross book value at start of the fiscal year: 900.208,09 10.093.883,89 10.994.091,98 (4.879.166,45) (6.088.624,27) (10.967.790,72) 

Fiscal year start: 132.563,46 1.346.584,93 1.479.148,39 (706.541,41) (773.156,50) (1.479.697,91) 

Fiscal year transfer: 64.310,32 (82.012,18) (17.701,86) - - - 

Gross book value at the end of the 

fiscal year: 

1.097.081,87 11.358.456,64 12.455.538,51 (5.585.707,86) (6.861.780,77) (12.447.488,63) 

Value correction at the start of the fiscal 

year: 

(466.440,06) - (466.440,06) 48.885,83 423.119,61 472.005,44 

Fiscal year allocation: (71.852,89) - (71.852,89) 49.475,81 22.377,08 71.852,89 

Value correction at the end of the 

fiscal year: 

(538.292,95) - (538.292,95) 98.361,64 445.496,69 543.858,33 

Net book value at the end of the 

fiscal year: 

TOTAL NR INTANGIBLE & TANGIBLE 

FIXED ASSETS: 

558.788,92 11.358.456,64 11.917.245,56 (5.487.346,22) (6.416.284,08) (11.903.630,30) 

584.220,25 11.358.456,64 11.942.676,89 (5.515.784,87) (6.420.251,77) (11.936.036,64)


3Note 3 





APPENDIX 

Renewable equipment 

Intangible fixed assets 

Concession, patents, 

Licences 

TOTAL Capital 

(EUR) (EUR) (EUR) 

Gross book value at start of the fiscal year: 990.792,79 990.792,79 (864.999,17) 

Fiscal year start: 200.900,61 200.900,61 (156.059,03) 

Fiscal year transfer: 11.159,90 11.159,90 

Gross book value at the end of the fiscal year: 1.202.853,30 1.202.853,30 (1.021.058,20) 

Value correction at the start of the fiscal year: (820.426,88) (820.426,88) - 

Fiscal year allocation: (124.558,13) (124.558,13) - 

Value correction at the end of the fiscal year: (944.985,01) (944.985,01) - 

Net book value at the end of the fiscal year: 257.868,29 257.868,29 (1.021.058,20)


3Note 3 





APPENDIX 

Renewable equipment 

Tangible fixed assets 

Office automation, 

research, IT equip- 

ment, tools. 

Fixed assets in 

progress and 

advances paid 

TOTAL Capital 

(EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) 

Gross book value at start of the fiscal year: 12.727.828,71 97.050,50 12.824.879,21 (11.293.816,27) 

Fiscal year start: 2.040.417,24 102.304,74 2.142.721,98 (1.953.941,27) 

Fiscal year end: (68.753,02) (9.506,28) (78.259,30) - 

Fiscal year transfer: 78.486,18 (71.944,22) 6.541,96 - 

Booked adjustment: - - - (26.214,41) 

Gross book value at the end of the fiscal year: 14.777.979,11 117.904,74 14.895.883,85 (13.273.971,95) 

Value correction at the start of the fiscal year: (7.567.923,96) - (7.567.923,96) - 

Fiscal year allocation: (1.438.418,89) - (1.438.418,89) - 

Fiscal year reversal (end): 67.132,04 - 67.132,04 - 

Value correction at the end of the fiscal year: (8.939.210,81) - (8.939.210,81) - 

Net book value at the end of the fiscal year: 5.838.768,30 117.904,74 5.956.673,04 (13.273.971,95) 

TOTAL R INTANGIBLE & TANGIBLE 

FIXED ASSETS: 

6.096.636,59 117.904,74 6.214.541,33 (14.295.030,15)


3Note 4 





APPENDIX 

Note 4 – Shareholders’ equity 

CAPITAL Reserve 

funds 

Capital 

invested 

Investment 

reserve 

Reserve 

linked to the 

investment 

plan 

Deferred 

earnings 

Renewable 

investment 

subsidy 

Total share- 

holders 

equity 

Provisions 

for other 

contingencies 

and losses 

(EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) (EUR) 

Gross book value at start 

of the fiscal year: 

(4.247.167,21) (12.158.815,44) (4.911.526,25) (4.811.111,67) (4.174.624,23) (6.132.715,66) (36.435.960,46) (7.758.069,89) (44.194.030,35) 

Fiscal year start: (457.683,44) (6.777,83) (65.400,45) (2.642.913,56) (773.961,50) (3.946.736,78) (113.655,96) (4.060.392,74) 

Fiscal year end: 208.100,45 208.100,45 

Fiscal year transfer: (1.678.531,27) (710.595,18) 1.104.221,46 (1.284.904,99) 1.284.904,99 

Gross book value at the end 

of the fiscal year: 

Total 

Class 1 

(4.247.167,21) (14.295.030,15) (5.628.899,26) (3.772.290,66) (6.817.537,79) (6.906.677,16) (41.667.602,23) (6.378.720,41) (48.046.322,64) 

Value correction - - EUR EUR EUR EUR 

Value correction at the start of the 

fiscal year: 

- - 53.332,82 459.415,56 512.748,38 512.748,38 

Fiscal year allocation: - - 59.781,57 27.009,83 86.791,40 86.791,40 

Value correction at the end of the 

fiscal year: 

Net book value at the end of the 

fiscal year: 

- - 113.114,39 486.425,39 599.539,78 599.539,78 

(4.247.167,21) (14.295.030,15) (5.515.784,87) (3.772.290,66) (6.817.537,79) (6.420.251,77) (41.068.062,45) (6.378.720,41) (47.446.782,86)


3Notes 5-6 





APPENDIX 

Note 5 - Other provisions 

2009 2008 

EUR EUR 

Provisions for other contingencies and losses 6.378.720,41 7.758.069,89 

The provisions for other contingencies and losses primarily include: 

6.378.720,41 7.758.069,89 

• The amount of €1,436,340.21 (2008: €1,498,513.97) intended for the renewal of equipment for which the renewal is incumbent upon the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann 

or of equipment made available to it by a third party up to the present. 

• This amount also includes €522,621.05 (2008 €664,021.50) intended to cover the calculation balance for which the finalisation amount or date is still uncertain. 

• The amount of €4,299,600.15 (2008: €5,380,376.39) intended to cover expenses for extending infrastructures; expenses originating in fiscal 2005 and included in 

a multi-year growth initiative for the CRP. 

Note 6 - Taxes 

According to article 19 of the law of 9 March 1987 intended to organise technological research and development in the public sector, as well as the transfer of 

technology and scientific and technical cooperation between companies and the public sector, the CRP - Gabriel Lippmann is exempt from all taxes and duties of any 

kind payable to the State and communities, with the absence of value added tax and remunerative taxes.


3Notes 7-8 





APPENDIX 

Note 7 - Personnel 

The average number of people employed during the 2009 fiscal year was 189 (2008: 154). 

Note 8 - Off-balance sheet commitments 

• Management activities 

On 31 December 2009 and 2008, the available bank balances for these management activities were respectively €57,221.33 and €170,771.33.


4 

Photogallery of the year

CRP - Gabriel Lippmann 2009 Rapport Annual d’activités Report 2009 

4 

Photo Galerie Gallery de photos of the de year l’année 

Visite School scolaire visit Visite School scolaire visit SolarTec Sud 2009 SolarTec SolarTec Sud Sud 2009 

2009 

SolarTec SolarTec Sud Sud 2009 2009 

SolarTec SolarTec Sud Sud 2009 2009 

Remise e-quizz des awards prix e-quizz 

Remise e-quizz des awards 

prix e-quizz


4 




Journée Surfmat Surfmat Day Journée Surfmat Surfmat Day 

Visit Visite of de the Députés Deputies Visit Visite of de the Députés Deputies Race Relais "Relais pour pour la Vie la vie" 

for cancer research 

Race Relais "Relais pour pour la Vie la vie" 

for cancer research


4 


Conférence International internationale Conference JIL JIL 2009 2009 

Conférence International internationale Conference JIL JIL 2009 2009 

Conférence International internationale Conference NULUX NULUX 2009 2009 

Conférence International internationale Conference NULUX NULUX 2009 

2009 

Conférence International internationale Conference NULUX NULUX 2009 2009 

Opening Inauguration of the salle eco-technologies éco-technologies room Opening Inauguration of the salle eco-technologies éco-technologies room Opening Inauguration of the salle eco-technologies éco-technologies room


4 


Open Day Journée at the portes CRP-Gabriel ouvertes Lippmann Open Day Journée at the portes CRP-Gabriel ouvertes Lippmann Open Day Journée at the portes CRP-Gabriel ouvertes Lippmann Open Day Journée at the portes CRP-Gabriel ouvertes Lippmann 

Open Day Journée at the portes CRP-Gabriel ouvertes Lippmann Academic Atelier scolaire workshop Academic Atelier scolaire workshop Presentation Présentation of du the Rapport annual d’Activités report for 2008


4 


Presentation Présentation of du the Rapport annual d’Activités report for 2008 Ettelbruck Foire Agricole Agricultural d’Ettelbrück show Ettelbruck Foire Agricole Agricultural d’Ettelbrück show Ettelbruck Foire Agricole Agricultural d’Ettelbrück show 

Workshop « "filière filière viande" viande » 

Libramont Foire Agricole Agricultural de Libramont show Remise APHYL des awards prix APHYL 

Remise APHYL des awards 

prix APHYL


4 


Oekofoire Oekofoire 



Oekofoire 

Conférence International internationale Conference CDVE CDVE 2009 2009 

Conférence International internationale Conference CDVE CDVE 2009 2009 

Préparatifs "Cosmic Garden" œuvre d’art artworks « Cosmic preparation Garden » Préparatifs "Cosmic Garden" œuvre d’art artworks « Cosmic preparation 

Garden »


4 


Conférence International internationale Conference Proteomlux Proteomlux 2009 2009 Conférence International internationale Conference Proteomlux Proteomlux 2009 2009 

Conférence International internationale Conference Proteomlux Proteomlux 2009 2009 

Conférence International internationale Conference LEODAYS LEODAYS 2009 

2009 

Conférence International internationale Conference LEODAYS LEODAYS 2009 2009 

Studeus Foire de tradeshow l’Etudiant 

Science Festival Science Science Festival 

Festival


4 


Science Science Festival Festival 

Science Science Festival Festival 

Science Festival Conférence International internationale Conference ISUAMR ISUAMR 2009 

2009 

Conférence International internationale Conference ISUAMR ISUAMR 2009 2009 

Conférence International internationale Conference ISUAMR ISUAMR 2009 2009 

EVA EVA - - Publication Publication on sur Da les Vinci travaux work 

de regarding De Vinci hydrology 

sur l’eau 

New entrance Nouvelle for the entrée CRP-Gabriel du centre centreLippmann


4 


EVA EVA - Salle - Eco-technologies des éco-technologies room EVA EVA - - in Culture vitro cultures in vitro 

EVA EVA - Partnership - Signature agreement convention with avec the MNHN EVA - Microscopie 

Microscopy 

EVA EVA - New - Instrument instruments de détection to detect 

des stable isotopes isotopes stables in water 

de l’eau 

EVA - Laboratoire Laboratory EVA - Laboratoire Nutrition Laboratory nutrition 

EVA - - Nouvel New U-HPLC instrument instrument U-HPLC


4 


EVA EVA - Plate-forme - Analytical chemistry de chimie platform analytique 

EVA EVA - Spectromètre - FieldSpec FieldSpec 3 max spectrometer 3 max (ASD) 

EVA EVA - Instrument - Foliar index de mesure measuring d’indice device foliaire 

EVA EVA - Plate-forme - Proteomics de protéomique 

platform 

EVA EVA - Plate-forme - Proteomics de protéomique 

platform EVA EVA - V-notch - Déversoir weir EVA - - Formation Training EVA EVA - - Weather Station météo station


4 


ISC - ISC Réunion - Meeting de travail 

ISC ISC - Video - Vidéo of the Chambre Chamber des of Députés Deputies ISC ISC - Système - Haptic system haptique 

ISC ISC - - Ellimaps 

Ellimaps 

REA - Laboratoire Laboratory SAM SAM - Diffractomètre - X-Ray diffractometer à Rayons X 

SAM SAM - Microscope - Scanning Electronique Electron Microscope à Balayage 

SAM - - Développement Instrumental development 

instrumental


4 


SAM - Banc - Test de bench tests 

SAM - Traitement Surface treatment surface 

SAM SAM - Traitement - Wire plasma de fil treatment par plasma 

EVA EVA - Team - groupe picture 

ISC ISC - Team - groupe picture SAM SAM - Team - groupe picture DAT DAT - Team - groupe picture

1 - Centre de recherche public Gabriel Lippmann

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