ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS

Light in a battery-powered flashlight
Origin A wire that glows when it is heated to a high temperature.
Immediate E Energy to heats the wire comes from a chemical reaction in the battery.
source
Original E source Several possibilities, depending on what energy source was used to
produce the battery. Could have been fossil fuel consumption
(ultimately solar energy) or nuclear power plant (nuclear fission).
Products The end products are different chemicals in the battery while the byproducts
are those that are produced during the manufacture of the
battery, bulb, and flashlight.
Environmental
costs
Advantages
Disadvantages
All those associated with the production and disposal of the battery
materials, as well as the side products during the combustion of fossil
fuels (or nuclear fission).
Portable, convenient, clean for the user.
Somewhat expensive.
Light from an electric light bulb
Origin A wire that glows when it is heated to a high temperature.
Immediate E
source
Several possibilities, depending on what energy source was used to
produce the electricity. Could have been fossil fuel consumption or
nuclear power plant.
Original E source The Sun or the ancient stellar synthesis that produced the uranium and
other metals on our planet.
Products The light bulb is very clean at the site where it is used, but produces
pollutants such as NOx, SO2 and particulate matter at the power plant
(if coal combustion) or spent nuclear fuel (if nuclear).
Environmental
costs
Advantages
Disadvantages
See above.
Convenient, safe, inexpensive.
Few to the user, except that the energy costs are relatively high in
comparison to using a fluorescent bulb.
31. Explain the difference between a rechargeable battery and one that must be discarded. Use a
NiCad battery and an alkaline battery as examples.
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