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<strong>Medicina</strong> <strong>Celular</strong> y <strong>Molecular</strong> | Cellular and <strong>Molecular</strong> Medicine<br />

92<br />

Carmelo Bernabeu Quirante<br />

Profesor <strong>de</strong> Investigación | bernabeu.c@cib.csic.es<br />

Receptores <strong>de</strong> TGF-β en Células Endoteliales<br />

Nuestro laboratorio estudia la expresión<br />

génica, estructura y función <strong>de</strong> los<br />

receptores <strong>de</strong> TGF-β endoglina y<br />

ALK1, tanto en la fisiología normal como en<br />

el contexto <strong>de</strong> la patología humana, y en<br />

especial en HHT. Mutaciones en los genes <strong>de</strong><br />

endoglina o ALK1 dan lugar a HHT1 y HHT2,<br />

respectivamente, las cuales están asociadas<br />

con frecuentes epistaxis, hemorragias<br />

gastrointestinales, telangiectasias cutáneas, y<br />

malformaciones arteriovenosas en pulmón,<br />

hígado y cerebro (OMIM #187300). Los estudios<br />

<strong>de</strong> expresión <strong>de</strong> las proteínas mutantes han<br />

establecido que la haploinsuficiencia explica<br />

las manifestaciones clínicas <strong>de</strong> la HHT, ya que<br />

la mayoría <strong>de</strong> las proteínas mutantes o bien<br />

no se expresan en la superficie celular, o no<br />

son funcionales. Entre los objetivos científicos<br />

<strong>de</strong>l grupo se incluyen: i) Llevar a cabo el<br />

diagnóstico molecular <strong>de</strong> HHT mediante<br />

secuenciación <strong>de</strong> los exones <strong>de</strong> endoglina y<br />

ALK1 en la población <strong>de</strong> pacientes españoles;<br />

PhD, 1977.<br />

Universidad Autónoma <strong>de</strong> Madrid.<br />

Postdoctoral Scholar, 1980-1981.<br />

<strong>Molecular</strong> Biology Institute, University of California,<br />

Los Angeles, USA.<br />

Research Fellow, 1982-1983.<br />

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical<br />

School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.<br />

Científico Titular, 1985,<br />

Jefe <strong>de</strong> grupo, 1988,<br />

Investigador Científico, 1987,<br />

Profesor <strong>de</strong> Investigación, 20<strong>03</strong>.<br />

CIB, CSIC.<br />

Endoglina y ALK1 son miembros <strong>de</strong>l complejo receptor <strong>de</strong> TGF-β en células<br />

endoteliales con implicaciones en la fisiopatología vascular. Mutaciones<br />

en los genes <strong>de</strong> endoglina o ALK1 (ACVRL1) son responsables <strong>de</strong> la<br />

Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditaria (HHT), una enfermedad vascular<br />

autosómica dominante. Endoglina y ALK1 regulan la angiogénesis y<br />

homeostasis vascular, y una forma soluble <strong>de</strong> endoglina tiene un papel<br />

patogénico en preeclampsia. A<strong>de</strong>más, endoglina es un marcador <strong>de</strong> la<br />

neoangiogénesis tumoral y es un supresor <strong>de</strong> tumores epiteliales.<br />

Estructura tridimensional <strong>de</strong> endoglina y ALK1<br />

y sus mutaciones en HHT. Las mutaciones<br />

missense y nonsense <strong>de</strong>scritas para la parte<br />

extracelular <strong>de</strong> endoglina y la parte intracelular<br />

<strong>de</strong> ALK1 se muestran como esferas ver<strong>de</strong>s<br />

y segmentos rojos, respectivamente. El<br />

volumen <strong>de</strong> las esferas ver<strong>de</strong>s está relacionado<br />

exclusivamente con el tamaño <strong>de</strong>l residuo<br />

mutado en la ca<strong>de</strong>na. El bucle L45, el dominio<br />

GS y el sitio <strong>de</strong> union <strong>de</strong> caveolina-1 en ALK1<br />

tambien se indican. Adaptado <strong>de</strong> Bernabeu et<br />

al. (2010) J. Applied. Biomed. 8: 169-177.<br />

Endoglin and ALK1 three dimensional structure<br />

and HHT mutations. The missense and nonsense<br />

mutations <strong>de</strong>scribed for the extracellular part<br />

of endoglin and the intracellular part of ALK1<br />

are shown as green spheres and red segments,<br />

respectively. The volume of the green spheres<br />

is exclusively related to the size of the mutated<br />

residue si<strong>de</strong> chain. The L45 loop, the GS domain<br />

and the caveolin-1 binding motif of ALK1 are also<br />

indicated. Adapted from Bernabeu et al. (2010) J.<br />

Applied. Biomed. 8: 169-177.<br />

ii) Buscar nuevos biomarcadores en HHT;<br />

iii) Analizar los mecanismos <strong>de</strong> regulación<br />

transcripcional <strong>de</strong> los genes <strong>de</strong> endoglina y<br />

ALK1; iv) Obtener cultivos primarios <strong>de</strong> células<br />

endoteliales y monocitos activados a partir<br />

<strong>de</strong> sangre periférica <strong>de</strong> pacientes HHT para<br />

estudios <strong>de</strong> expresión genica, bioquímicos, <strong>de</strong><br />

señalización celular y para ensayos <strong>de</strong> terapias<br />

célulo-génicas en ratones; v) Analizar la función<br />

y los patrones <strong>de</strong> expresión génica <strong>de</strong> celulas<br />

transfectantes que sobreexpresan las dos<br />

isoformas <strong>de</strong> endoglina; vi) generar ratones<br />

transgénicos que sobreexpresen endoglina<br />

soluble y analizar el impacto en la hipertensión<br />

arterial; vii) generar ratones KO condicionales<br />

<strong>de</strong> endoglina en el linaje mieloi<strong>de</strong> para analizar<br />

el impacto <strong>de</strong> HHT en el sistema inmune; viii)<br />

Buscar medicamentos huérfanos con posible<br />

aplicación en HHT y estudiar su mecanismo<br />

<strong>de</strong> acción; y ix) Estudiar la estructura<br />

tridimensional <strong>de</strong> los complejos <strong>de</strong> endoglina,<br />

ALK1 y miembros <strong>de</strong> la familia <strong>de</strong>l TGF-β.<br />

Luisa-maría Botella Cubells<br />

Investigadora Científica | cibluisa@cib.csic.es<br />

PhD, 1985.<br />

Universidad <strong>de</strong> Valencia.<br />

Visiting Scientist, post-doc, 1986-1988.<br />

Genetiska Institutionen, Wallenberg Laboratory,<br />

Universidad <strong>de</strong> Lund, Suecia.<br />

Científica Titular, 1989,<br />

Investigadora Científica, 2007.<br />

CIB, CSIC.<br />

Publicaciones Seleccionadas<br />

Selected Publications<br />

Bernabeu C, Lopez-Novoa JM, Quintanilla M.<br />

(2009). The emerging role of TGF-beta superfamily<br />

coreceptors in cancer. Biochim. Biophys. Acta.<br />

1792, 954-973.<br />

Botella LM, Sanz-Rodriguez F, Komi Y, Fernan<strong>de</strong>z-L<br />

A, Varela E, Garrido-Martin EM, Narla G, Friedman SL,<br />

Kojima S. (2009). TGF-beta regulates the expression<br />

of transcription factor KLF6 and its splice variants<br />

and promotes co-operative transactivation of<br />

common target genes through a Smad3-Sp1-KLF6<br />

interaction. Biochem J. 419, 485-495.<br />

Cristobal I, Blanco FJ, Garcia-Orti L, Marcotegui<br />

N, Vicente C, Rifon J, Novo FJ, Bandres E,<br />

Calasanz MJ, Bernabeu C, O<strong>de</strong>ro MD. (2010).<br />

SETBP1 overexpression is a novel leukemogenic<br />

mechanism that predicts adverse outcome in<br />

el<strong>de</strong>rly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.<br />

Blood. 115, 615-625.<br />

Albiñana V, Bernabeu-Herrero ME, Zarrabeitia R,<br />

Bernabeu C, Botella LM. (2010). Estrogen therapy<br />

for Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia<br />

(HHT): Effects of Raloxifene, on Endoglin and<br />

ALK1 expression in endothelial cells. Thromb.<br />

Haemost. 1<strong>03</strong>, 525-534.<br />

Ojeda-Fernan<strong>de</strong>z L, Barrios L, Rodriguez-Barbero<br />

A, Recio-Poveda L, Bernabeu C, Botella LM. (2010).<br />

Reduced plasma levels of Ang-2 and sEng as novel<br />

biomarkers in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia<br />

(HHT). Clin. Chim. Acta. 411, 494-499.<br />

Garrido-Martin EM, Blanco FJ, Fernan<strong>de</strong>z-L A,<br />

Langa C, Vary CP, Lee UE, Friedman SL, Botella LM,<br />

Bernabeu C. (2010). Characterization of the human<br />

Activin-A receptor type II-like kinase 1 (ACVRL1)<br />

promoter and its regulation by Sp1. BMC Mol.<br />

Biol. 11(1): 51 (22 pags).<br />

Bernabeu C, Blanco FJ, Langa C, Garrido-Martin<br />

EM, Botella LM. (2010). Involvement of the TGFbeta<br />

superfamily signalling pathway in hereditary<br />

haemorrhagic telangiectasia. J. Applied Biomed.<br />

8, 169-177.<br />

Lopez-Novoa JM, Bernabeu C. (2010).<br />

The physiological role of endoglin in the<br />

cardiovascular system. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ.<br />

Physiol. 299, H959-974.<br />

Santibanez JF, Perez-Gomez E, Fernan<strong>de</strong>z-L A,<br />

Garrido-Martin, EM, Carnero A, Malumbres M,<br />

Vary CPH, Quintanilla M, Bernabeu C. (2010). The<br />

TGF-beta co-receptor endoglin modulates the<br />

expression and transforming potential of H-Ras.<br />

Carcinogenesis. 31, 2145-2154.<br />

Perez-Gomez E, Del Castillo G, Santibañez JF, Lopez-<br />

Novoa JM, Bernabeu C, Quintanilla M. (2010). The<br />

role of the TGF-beta coreceptor endoglin in cancer.<br />

ScientificWorldJournal. 10, 2367-2384.<br />

Otros miembros | Other lab members:<br />

Francisco Javier Blanco Lopez<br />

Elisa Rossi<br />

Eva María Garrido Martin<br />

Ana Cristina Valbuena Díaz<br />

María Luisa Ojeda Fernán<strong>de</strong>z<br />

Virginia Albiñana Díaz<br />

Mikel Aristorena San Adrian<br />

Carmen Langa Poza<br />

Lucia Recio Poveda<br />

www.cib.csic.es/es/grupo.php?idgrupo=22<br />

TGF-β Receptors in<br />

Endothelial Cells<br />

Endoglin and ALK1 are components of the TGF-β<br />

receptor complex in endothelial cells that are<br />

involved in vascular physiopathology. Mutations in<br />

endoglin or ALK1 (ACVRL1) genes give rise to the<br />

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT), a<br />

dominant autosomic vascular dysplasia. Endoglin<br />

and ALK1 regulate angiogenesis and vascular<br />

homeostasis, and a soluble form of endoglin has<br />

a pathogenic role in preeclampsia. In addition,<br />

endoglin is a marker of tumor neoangiogenesis and<br />

is a suppressor of epithelial tumors.<br />

Our laboratory studies the gene expression, structure and<br />

function of the TGF-β receptors endoglin and ALK1, in<br />

normal physiology and in the context f human pathology,<br />

with special emphasis in HHT. Mutations in endoglin or ALK1 genes<br />

give raise to HHT1 or HHT2, respectively, which are associated with<br />

Mo<strong>de</strong>lo hipotético <strong>de</strong>l papel <strong>de</strong> endoglina en la apoptosis <strong>de</strong> la célula<br />

endotelial y su relevancia en las lesiones vasculares <strong>de</strong> HHT. En presencia <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong>terminados estímulos, tales como TGF-β e hipoxia, las células endoteliales<br />

sufren un proceso <strong>de</strong> apoptosis que es prevenido por la expresión<br />

inducida <strong>de</strong> endoglina en los individuos sanos. En los pacientes HHT, la<br />

haploinsuficiencia <strong>de</strong> endoglina pue<strong>de</strong> conducer a una apoptosis masiva<br />

frequent epistaxis, gastrointestinal<br />

hemorrhages, cutaneous telangiectasis<br />

and arteriovenous malformations in<br />

lung, liver and brain (OMIM #187300).<br />

Expression studies of mutant proteins<br />

have <strong>de</strong>monstrated that the mechanism of<br />

haploinsufficiency accounts for the clinical<br />

manifestations of HHT because most of the<br />

mutant proteins are either not expressed or are<br />

non functional. Among the scientific aims of our<br />

group are: i) To carry out the molecular diagnosis of<br />

HHT by sequencing endoglin and ALK1 exons from the<br />

Spanish HHT patients; ii) To search for new biomarkers in<br />

HHT; iii) Analyze the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation<br />

of endoglin and ALK1 genes; iv) To generate primary cultures<br />

of endothelial cells and activated monocytes <strong>de</strong>rived from<br />

blood samples of HHT patients for studies on gene expression,<br />

biochemistry, cellular signalling and assays of cellular-genetic<br />

therapies in mice; v) To analyze the function and gene expression<br />

patterns of transfectant cells overexpressing the two endoglin<br />

isoforms; vi) To generate transgenic mice overexpressing soluble<br />

endoglin and analyze the impact on arterial hypertension; vii) To<br />

generate a conditional Endoglin KO mice in the myeloid lineage to<br />

analyze the impact of HHT on the immune system; viii) To search<br />

for orphan drugs with potential application in HHT and study of<br />

their mechanisms of action; ix) To study the three dimensional<br />

structure of endoglin, ALK1 and members of the TGF-β family.<br />

apoptosis en las células endoteliales, don<strong>de</strong> la función <strong>de</strong> endoglina es<br />

requerida para la supervivencia, conduciendo a una regresión <strong>de</strong> los capilares.<br />

Se muestra una sección transversal <strong>de</strong> un vaso individual con celulas<br />

endoteliales en rojo, pericitos en azul y células endoteliales apoptóticas en<br />

rosa. Adaptado <strong>de</strong> Lopez-Novoa & Bernabeu (2010) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ.<br />

Physiol. 299: H959-974.<br />

Hypothetical mo<strong>de</strong>l for the role of<br />

endoglin in EC apoptosis, and its relevance<br />

in HHT vascular lesions. Un<strong>de</strong>r certain<br />

stimuli, such as TGF-β and hypoxia, ECs<br />

un<strong>de</strong>rgo apoptosis that is prevented<br />

by the induced expression of endoglin<br />

in healthy subjects. In HHT patients,<br />

endoglin haploinsufficiency may lead to a<br />

massive apoptosis in ECs where endoglin<br />

function is required for survival leading<br />

to capillary regression. A cross-section of<br />

an individual vessel is <strong>de</strong>picted with ECs<br />

in red, pericytes in blue and apoptotic<br />

ECs in pink. Adapted from Lopez-Novoa &<br />

Bernabeu (2010) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ.<br />

Physiol. 299, H959-974.<br />

93

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