Procesos productivos de la industria avÃcola zuliana - Revista de la ...
Procesos productivos de la industria avÃcola zuliana - Revista de la ...
Procesos productivos de la industria avÃcola zuliana - Revista de la ...
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Meleán-Romero et al.<br />
<strong>de</strong>l pollo utilizando un aturdidor don<strong>de</strong><br />
se somete al ave a una <strong>de</strong>scarga<br />
eléctrica, inmediatamente <strong>de</strong>spués se<br />
<strong>de</strong>güel<strong>la</strong> y pasa al proceso <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>sangrado<br />
por <strong>de</strong>güello, luego es <strong>de</strong>spojado<br />
<strong>de</strong> sus plumas y pasa al corte <strong>de</strong><br />
patas. En <strong>la</strong> fase siguiente <strong>de</strong>l proceso<br />
se proce<strong>de</strong> a <strong>la</strong> extracción <strong>de</strong> cloacas,<br />
luego se corta <strong>la</strong> cabeza, y el abdomen<br />
para extraer por completo <strong>la</strong>s<br />
vísceras. Posteriormente se pasa a <strong>la</strong><br />
línea <strong>de</strong> escurrido y empaque, don<strong>de</strong><br />
se inspeccionan <strong>la</strong>s condiciones re<strong>la</strong>tivas<br />
a <strong>la</strong> limpieza interna <strong>de</strong> los pollos;<br />
se realiza una selección en función<br />
<strong>de</strong>l tamaño. Los más pequeños<br />
se empacan enteros, mientras que los<br />
pollos con un peso mayor se pasan a<br />
<strong>la</strong>s sa<strong>la</strong>s <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>sprese o a <strong>la</strong> sa<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
transformación <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> carne <strong>de</strong> pollo.<br />
Todos estos productos se empacan<br />
para posteriormente ser comercializados<br />
y distribuidos en el mercado.<br />
Es importante resaltar que <strong>la</strong><br />
empresa Avíco<strong>la</strong> <strong>la</strong> Rosita y Protinal<br />
<strong>de</strong>l Zulia tienen en sus p<strong>la</strong>ntas <strong>de</strong> beneficio:<br />
sa<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> pollos enteros, sa<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong>spresado y sa<strong>la</strong> para el procesamiento<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> carne <strong>de</strong> pollo. Las empresas<br />
Avíco<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> Occi<strong>de</strong>nte y<br />
Agropecuaria Nivar, tienen en su<br />
p<strong>la</strong>nta <strong>de</strong> beneficio <strong>la</strong> sa<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> pollos<br />
enteros y sa<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> pollo <strong>de</strong>spresado, no<br />
cuentan con <strong>la</strong> sa<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> procesamiento<br />
o transformación <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> carne <strong>de</strong> pollo.<br />
El proceso llevado a cabo en <strong>la</strong>s<br />
p<strong>la</strong>ntas <strong>de</strong> beneficio <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>industria</strong><br />
avíco<strong>la</strong> analizadas, es mecanizado e<br />
intensivo en mano <strong>de</strong> obra, <strong>la</strong> cual<br />
realiza su trabajo en condiciones<br />
riesgosas y adversas. La mecanización<br />
en esta fase está representada por una<br />
ca<strong>de</strong>na transportadora (el ritmo <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong><br />
making minimal activities,<br />
mechanized and risks which could<br />
cause injuries if any mistake happens.<br />
Regarding this subject, process<br />
is hybrid, with a manual part and<br />
other mechanized, in where hand <strong>la</strong>bor,<br />
great skills and experience for<br />
carrying out each of activities<br />
previously <strong>de</strong>scribed; this type of<br />
activities cause muscle and skeletal<br />
troubles, also could cause workers<br />
<strong>de</strong>ad. (Rights 2005).<br />
Type of process is repetitive with one<br />
distribution by product, the object of<br />
transformation (chicken) follows a lineal<br />
distribution through a chain, in which<br />
each of phases gives value to the processed<br />
bird; this is framed on production in mass<br />
(serie) because the products flow<br />
corresponds to a sequence and follows a<br />
right line, uses specific machines that<br />
requires little qualified job positions and<br />
it makes a high volume of a standardized<br />
product that is commercialized in mass<br />
market (Fernán<strong>de</strong>z et al., 2003; Fernán<strong>de</strong>z<br />
et al., 2006).<br />
For making exact the information<br />
re<strong>la</strong>tive to the productive process in<br />
phases analyzed, table 2 shows in where<br />
enterprises Avirosa, Agronivar, Avidoca<br />
and Protinal <strong>de</strong>l Zulia are consi<strong>de</strong>red, by<br />
making comparisons about productive<br />
factors more representatives: production<br />
technology (means of production) and <strong>la</strong>bor<br />
hand (<strong>la</strong>bor force).<br />
It is important to stand out that<br />
because of simi<strong>la</strong>rities of final<br />
products of enterprises studied,<br />
production processes and activities<br />
that conform them are very simi<strong>la</strong>r<br />
among them; nevertheless, some<br />
variations are shown: a) in feeding<br />
industries, there are differences in<br />
production technology used; b) in<br />
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