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Procesos productivos de la industria avícola zuliana - Revista de la ...

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Meleán-Romero et al.<br />

distintas fases que componen <strong>la</strong> ca<strong>de</strong>na<br />

productiva <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>industria</strong>, con<br />

<strong>la</strong> finalidad <strong>de</strong> fortalecer sus procesos<br />

internos y externos y hacerse más<br />

competitivas; sin embargo, no todas<br />

lo han logrado.<br />

Para efectos <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>limitar <strong>la</strong> investigación,<br />

se abordarán <strong>la</strong>s empresas<br />

<strong>de</strong>l sector avíco<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> región<br />

<strong>zuliana</strong> que cuentan con p<strong>la</strong>ntas <strong>de</strong><br />

alimentos, granjas <strong>de</strong> engor<strong>de</strong> y p<strong>la</strong>ntas<br />

<strong>de</strong> beneficio: Avíco<strong>la</strong> <strong>la</strong> Rosita, S.A.<br />

(Avirosa), Agropecuaria Nivar<br />

(Agronivar), Avíco<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> Occi<strong>de</strong>nte<br />

(Avidoca), Protinal <strong>de</strong>l Zulia. Las razones<br />

que justifican <strong>la</strong> elección <strong>de</strong> estas<br />

fases son <strong>la</strong>s siguientes:<br />

1) La agro<strong>industria</strong> <strong>de</strong> alimentos<br />

ba<strong>la</strong>nceados constituye <strong>la</strong> ca<strong>de</strong>na<br />

agroproductiva más compleja y con<br />

mayor valor <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> producción <strong>de</strong>ntro<br />

<strong>de</strong>l sistema agroalimentario venezo<strong>la</strong>no<br />

(Chirinos 2005), a<strong>de</strong>más según<br />

algunos autores, <strong>la</strong>s p<strong>la</strong>ntas <strong>de</strong> alimentos<br />

ba<strong>la</strong>nceados se consi<strong>de</strong>ran el<br />

es<strong>la</strong>bón más importante <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> ca<strong>de</strong>na<br />

productiva, representando el alimento<br />

entre el 68% y 75% <strong>de</strong>l costo total<br />

<strong>de</strong>l proceso <strong>de</strong> engor<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> pollos<br />

(Orozco et al., 2004).<br />

2) <strong>la</strong>s granjas <strong>de</strong> engor<strong>de</strong>, llevan<br />

a cabo el proceso <strong>de</strong> engor<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> los<br />

pollitos bebés y se constituyen en un<br />

proceso medu<strong>la</strong>r <strong>de</strong>ntro <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> integración<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> ca<strong>de</strong>na. En esta fase, <strong>la</strong>s<br />

aves convierten el alimento hasta lograr<br />

un peso aceptado por los consumidores,<br />

a<strong>de</strong>más <strong>de</strong> preservar <strong>la</strong>s condiciones<br />

sanitarias, consi<strong>de</strong>radas un<br />

aspecto <strong>de</strong> competitividad y componente<br />

c<strong>la</strong>ve para <strong>la</strong> existencia <strong>de</strong> cualquier<br />

empresa.<br />

3) <strong>la</strong>s p<strong>la</strong>ntas <strong>de</strong> beneficio, constituyen<br />

uno <strong>de</strong> los es<strong>la</strong>bones finales<br />

the industry productive chain, with<br />

the purpose of fortifying its internal<br />

and external processes and become<br />

more competitive; however, not all<br />

have been achieved.<br />

For limiting research, enterprises<br />

of poultry sector in zulian region having<br />

feeding p<strong>la</strong>nts, fattening farms and<br />

s<strong>la</strong>ughter industries: Avico<strong>la</strong> <strong>la</strong> Rosita,<br />

S.A. (Avirosa), Agropecuaria Nivar<br />

(Agronivar), Avico<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> Occi<strong>de</strong>nte<br />

(Avidoca), Protinal <strong>de</strong>l Zulia will be<br />

tackled. Reasons that justify phases<br />

selected are the following:<br />

1) Ba<strong>la</strong>nced feeding<br />

agroindustry constitutes the agroproductive<br />

chain more complex and<br />

with higher production insi<strong>de</strong> of the<br />

venezue<strong>la</strong>n agroalimentary system<br />

(Chirinos 2005), and according<br />

several authors, the ba<strong>la</strong>nced feeding<br />

p<strong>la</strong>nts are consi<strong>de</strong>red like the more<br />

important link of the productive chain<br />

because feeding represents between<br />

68 and 75% of the total cost of chicken<br />

fattening process (Orozco et al., 2004);<br />

2) Fattening farms accomplish<br />

the fattening process of baby chick<br />

and constitutes in a mollecu<strong>la</strong>r<br />

process insi<strong>de</strong> of the chain<br />

integration. In this phase, chicken<br />

transform feeding until achieving a<br />

weight accepted for consumers,<br />

besi<strong>de</strong>s of preserving sanitary<br />

conditions consi<strong>de</strong>red a competitivity<br />

aspect and a key component for the<br />

existence of any enterprise.<br />

3) S<strong>la</strong>ughter industries,<br />

constitutes one of the final links of<br />

chain in where the observance of<br />

healthy and safety rules are<br />

essentials, as well as the guarantee<br />

of offering final products with fresh<br />

and quality required by consumers.<br />

164

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