Procesos productivos de la industria avÃcola zuliana - Revista de la ...
Procesos productivos de la industria avÃcola zuliana - Revista de la ...
Procesos productivos de la industria avÃcola zuliana - Revista de la ...
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Meleán-Romero et al.<br />
distintas fases que componen <strong>la</strong> ca<strong>de</strong>na<br />
productiva <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>industria</strong>, con<br />
<strong>la</strong> finalidad <strong>de</strong> fortalecer sus procesos<br />
internos y externos y hacerse más<br />
competitivas; sin embargo, no todas<br />
lo han logrado.<br />
Para efectos <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>limitar <strong>la</strong> investigación,<br />
se abordarán <strong>la</strong>s empresas<br />
<strong>de</strong>l sector avíco<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> región<br />
<strong>zuliana</strong> que cuentan con p<strong>la</strong>ntas <strong>de</strong><br />
alimentos, granjas <strong>de</strong> engor<strong>de</strong> y p<strong>la</strong>ntas<br />
<strong>de</strong> beneficio: Avíco<strong>la</strong> <strong>la</strong> Rosita, S.A.<br />
(Avirosa), Agropecuaria Nivar<br />
(Agronivar), Avíco<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> Occi<strong>de</strong>nte<br />
(Avidoca), Protinal <strong>de</strong>l Zulia. Las razones<br />
que justifican <strong>la</strong> elección <strong>de</strong> estas<br />
fases son <strong>la</strong>s siguientes:<br />
1) La agro<strong>industria</strong> <strong>de</strong> alimentos<br />
ba<strong>la</strong>nceados constituye <strong>la</strong> ca<strong>de</strong>na<br />
agroproductiva más compleja y con<br />
mayor valor <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> producción <strong>de</strong>ntro<br />
<strong>de</strong>l sistema agroalimentario venezo<strong>la</strong>no<br />
(Chirinos 2005), a<strong>de</strong>más según<br />
algunos autores, <strong>la</strong>s p<strong>la</strong>ntas <strong>de</strong> alimentos<br />
ba<strong>la</strong>nceados se consi<strong>de</strong>ran el<br />
es<strong>la</strong>bón más importante <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> ca<strong>de</strong>na<br />
productiva, representando el alimento<br />
entre el 68% y 75% <strong>de</strong>l costo total<br />
<strong>de</strong>l proceso <strong>de</strong> engor<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> pollos<br />
(Orozco et al., 2004).<br />
2) <strong>la</strong>s granjas <strong>de</strong> engor<strong>de</strong>, llevan<br />
a cabo el proceso <strong>de</strong> engor<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> los<br />
pollitos bebés y se constituyen en un<br />
proceso medu<strong>la</strong>r <strong>de</strong>ntro <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> integración<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> ca<strong>de</strong>na. En esta fase, <strong>la</strong>s<br />
aves convierten el alimento hasta lograr<br />
un peso aceptado por los consumidores,<br />
a<strong>de</strong>más <strong>de</strong> preservar <strong>la</strong>s condiciones<br />
sanitarias, consi<strong>de</strong>radas un<br />
aspecto <strong>de</strong> competitividad y componente<br />
c<strong>la</strong>ve para <strong>la</strong> existencia <strong>de</strong> cualquier<br />
empresa.<br />
3) <strong>la</strong>s p<strong>la</strong>ntas <strong>de</strong> beneficio, constituyen<br />
uno <strong>de</strong> los es<strong>la</strong>bones finales<br />
the industry productive chain, with<br />
the purpose of fortifying its internal<br />
and external processes and become<br />
more competitive; however, not all<br />
have been achieved.<br />
For limiting research, enterprises<br />
of poultry sector in zulian region having<br />
feeding p<strong>la</strong>nts, fattening farms and<br />
s<strong>la</strong>ughter industries: Avico<strong>la</strong> <strong>la</strong> Rosita,<br />
S.A. (Avirosa), Agropecuaria Nivar<br />
(Agronivar), Avico<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> Occi<strong>de</strong>nte<br />
(Avidoca), Protinal <strong>de</strong>l Zulia will be<br />
tackled. Reasons that justify phases<br />
selected are the following:<br />
1) Ba<strong>la</strong>nced feeding<br />
agroindustry constitutes the agroproductive<br />
chain more complex and<br />
with higher production insi<strong>de</strong> of the<br />
venezue<strong>la</strong>n agroalimentary system<br />
(Chirinos 2005), and according<br />
several authors, the ba<strong>la</strong>nced feeding<br />
p<strong>la</strong>nts are consi<strong>de</strong>red like the more<br />
important link of the productive chain<br />
because feeding represents between<br />
68 and 75% of the total cost of chicken<br />
fattening process (Orozco et al., 2004);<br />
2) Fattening farms accomplish<br />
the fattening process of baby chick<br />
and constitutes in a mollecu<strong>la</strong>r<br />
process insi<strong>de</strong> of the chain<br />
integration. In this phase, chicken<br />
transform feeding until achieving a<br />
weight accepted for consumers,<br />
besi<strong>de</strong>s of preserving sanitary<br />
conditions consi<strong>de</strong>red a competitivity<br />
aspect and a key component for the<br />
existence of any enterprise.<br />
3) S<strong>la</strong>ughter industries,<br />
constitutes one of the final links of<br />
chain in where the observance of<br />
healthy and safety rules are<br />
essentials, as well as the guarantee<br />
of offering final products with fresh<br />
and quality required by consumers.<br />
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