Escala y jerarquÃa de modelado en un Modelo de Sostenibilidad ...
Escala y jerarquÃa de modelado en un Modelo de Sostenibilidad ...
Escala y jerarquÃa de modelado en un Modelo de Sostenibilidad ...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
10<br />
Explorar la dirección, velocidad y aceleración <strong>de</strong><br />
compon<strong>en</strong>tes <strong>de</strong>sacoplados <strong>de</strong>l sistema dinámico que es<br />
Suramérica, ayuda a <strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>r la relación <strong>en</strong>tre los subsistemas<br />
social, económico y ecológico y <strong>en</strong>riquece la investigación <strong>en</strong><br />
la ci<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>de</strong> la sost<strong>en</strong>ibilidad g<strong>en</strong>erando nuevas preg<strong>un</strong>tas y<br />
situaciones, no sólo <strong>de</strong>l sistema observado sino también <strong>de</strong> sus<br />
observadores internos y externos como factores clave <strong>de</strong><br />
posibles interv<strong>en</strong>ciones estructurales sistémicas. Por ejemplo,<br />
la inversión <strong>en</strong> educación es estratégica, pero parece que ti<strong>en</strong>e<br />
pocos resultados si se utiliza como único mecanismo para la<br />
reducción <strong>de</strong> la pobreza.<br />
Reducir la pobreza <strong>en</strong> Suramérica sigui<strong>en</strong>do <strong>un</strong> trayecto<br />
sost<strong>en</strong>ible no requerirá únicam<strong>en</strong>te <strong>un</strong> cambio <strong>en</strong> los métodos<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>finición y medición <strong>de</strong> la pobreza, sino también <strong>en</strong> la<br />
forma <strong>de</strong> vida <strong>de</strong> los humanos. Si la g<strong>en</strong>te <strong>de</strong>sea t<strong>en</strong>er <strong>un</strong>a<br />
longevidad promedio <strong>de</strong> 60+ años sin afectar el estado <strong>de</strong><br />
equilibrio <strong>de</strong> la biocapacidad sistémica, el <strong>de</strong>sarrollo<br />
multidim<strong>en</strong>sional a escala humana no sólo ti<strong>en</strong>e que cambiar<br />
la estructura y la dinámica <strong>de</strong> Necesida<strong>de</strong>s-a-Deseos sino<br />
también la forma <strong>en</strong> cómo se asum<strong>en</strong> lo ‘natural’ y lo<br />
‘artificial’. La reducción contemporánea <strong>de</strong> la pobreza no es<br />
sost<strong>en</strong>ible.<br />
6. BIBLIOGRAFÍA<br />
[1] S. M. Lélé, "Sustainable <strong>de</strong>velopm<strong>en</strong>t: A critical review," World<br />
Developm<strong>en</strong>t, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 607-621, 1991.<br />
[2] Robert Costanza and Bernard C Patt<strong>en</strong>, "Defining and predicting<br />
sustainability," Ecological Economics, vol. 15, pp. 193-196, 1995.<br />
[3] Luciano Gallón, "Poverty and Artificial Sustainability: A Research on<br />
the Structure and Dynamics of South America," in XVII ISA World<br />
Congress of Sociology - Sociology on the move; 10th ISA RC51<br />
International Confer<strong>en</strong>ce of Sociocybernetics, Göteborg, Swe<strong>de</strong>n, 2010.<br />
[4] Luciano Gallón, Diego F. Gómez, and Miquel Barceló, "Mo<strong>de</strong>lo <strong>de</strong><br />
Sost<strong>en</strong>ibilidad Regional: Dinámica <strong>de</strong> Sstemas para <strong>en</strong>fr<strong>en</strong>tar la pobreza<br />
<strong>en</strong> Suramérica," Cátedra UNESCO <strong>de</strong> Sost<strong>en</strong>ibilidad, Universitat<br />
Politècnica <strong>de</strong> Catal<strong>un</strong>ya, Barcelona, España, Proyecto <strong>de</strong> Tesis Doctoral<br />
2008.<br />
[5] United Nations. (2009, Mar.) United Nations Population Division.<br />
[Online]. http://esa.<strong>un</strong>.org/<strong>un</strong>pp/in<strong>de</strong>x.asp<br />
[6] CEPAL. (2009, Sep.) Comision Económica para América Latina y el<br />
Caribe. [Online]. http://websie.eclac.cl/infest/cepalstat.html<br />
[7] The World Bank. (2008) 2008 World Developm<strong>en</strong>t Indicators (WDI).<br />
CD-ROM.<br />
[8] Manfred A Max-Neef, A Elizal<strong>de</strong>, and M Hop<strong>en</strong>hayn, Desarrollo a<br />
escala humana: conceptos, aplicaciones y alg<strong>un</strong>as reflexiones.<br />
Barcelona; Montevi<strong>de</strong>o: Icaria; Nordan-Com<strong>un</strong>idad, 1994.<br />
[9] Amartya S<strong>en</strong>, Equality of What?, May 22, 1979.<br />
[10] FAO. (1994) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Programme for<br />
the C<strong>en</strong>sus of Agriculture (WCA). [Online].<br />
http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/world-c<strong>en</strong>sus-of-agriculture/<strong>en</strong>/<br />
[11] United Nations. (1990-2009) United Nations Developm<strong>en</strong>t Program<br />
(UNDP). [Online]. http://hdr.<strong>un</strong>dp.org/<strong>en</strong>/<br />
[12] Global Footprint Network, The Ecological Wealth of Nations: Earth’s<br />
biocapacity as a new framework for international cooperation, Stev<strong>en</strong><br />
Goldfinger and Pati Poblete, Eds. Washington, DC, USA, 2010.<br />
[13] World Wi<strong>de</strong> F<strong>un</strong>d, "Living Planet Report," Gland, 2004.<br />
[14] World Wi<strong>de</strong> F<strong>un</strong>d, "Living Planet Report," Gland, 2006.<br />
[15] World Wi<strong>de</strong> F<strong>un</strong>d, "Living Planet Report," Gland, 2008.<br />
[16] Luciano Gallón, "Space and Time scales of Human perspective and<br />
Sustainability: Tools for mo<strong>de</strong>ling daily life dynamics," in 9th<br />
Internacion Confer<strong>en</strong>ce of Sociocybernetics 'MODERNITY 2.0':<br />
Emerging social media technologies and their impacts, Urbino, Italy,<br />
2009.<br />
[17] D. H. Meadows and Club of Rome, The limits to growth: a Report for<br />
the Club of Rome's Project on the Predicam<strong>en</strong>t of Mankind. New York:<br />
Universe Books, 1972.<br />
[18] Ludwing von Bertalanffy, Teoría g<strong>en</strong>eral <strong>de</strong> los sistemas: F<strong>un</strong>dam<strong>en</strong>tos,<br />
<strong>de</strong>sarrollo, aplicaciones, 1st ed. México, D.F., México: Fondo <strong>de</strong><br />
Cultura Económica, 1976, 7a reimpresión.<br />
[19] José L Fernán<strong>de</strong>z, "Definition of Natural and Artificial Sustainability as<br />
the force that tames an expon<strong>en</strong>tialoid," in The Construction and<br />
Building Research Confer<strong>en</strong>ce of the Royal Institution of Chartered<br />
Surveyors, Atlanta, GA, 2007.<br />
[20] David A Coutts. (2009, Oct.) The expon<strong>en</strong>tialist. [Online].<br />
http://members.optusnet.com.au/expon<strong>en</strong>tialist/in<strong>de</strong>x.htm<br />
[21] Wikipedia. (2010, Apr.) Steady State. [Online].<br />
http://<strong>en</strong>.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady_state<br />
[22] Richard Dawkins, "Sustainability doesn’t come naturally: a Darwinian<br />
Perspective on Values," The Envirom<strong>en</strong>t Fo<strong>un</strong>dation, Londres, UK, The<br />
values platform for sustainability - Inaugural Lecture Noviembre 14,<br />
2001.<br />
[23] Mill<strong>en</strong>nium Ecosystem Assessm<strong>en</strong>t Board, Ecosystems and Human<br />
Well-being: A Framework for Assessm<strong>en</strong>t. Washington, DC, USA:<br />
Island Press, 2005.<br />
[24] Luciano Gallón, Diego F. Gómez, and Miquel Barceló, "Panorama <strong>de</strong><br />
Mo<strong>de</strong>los con Dinámica <strong>de</strong> Sistemas para el Desarrollo Sost<strong>en</strong>ible," in<br />
XIII Seminario Latino-Iberoamericano <strong>de</strong> Gestión Tecnológica<br />
ALTEC2009, Cartag<strong>en</strong>a, Colombia, 2009.<br />
[25] Diego F. Gómez, Rep<strong>en</strong>sando el Desarrollo: Una aproximación<br />
sistémica. Me<strong>de</strong>llín, Colombia: C<strong>en</strong>tro <strong>de</strong> Estudios <strong>de</strong> Economía<br />
Sistémcia ECSIM, 2004.<br />
[26] C<strong>en</strong>tro <strong>de</strong> Estudios <strong>en</strong> Economía Sistémica ECSIM, Mo<strong>de</strong>lo <strong>de</strong><br />
Planeación y Simulación Económica para la Gestión Social <strong>de</strong>l<br />
Desarrollo <strong>en</strong> el M<strong>un</strong>icipio <strong>de</strong> Me<strong>de</strong>llín f<strong>un</strong>dam<strong>en</strong>tado <strong>en</strong> la Dinámica<br />
<strong>de</strong> Distemas. Me<strong>de</strong>llín, Colombia: Dirección Administrativa <strong>de</strong><br />
Planeación, M<strong>un</strong>icio <strong>de</strong> Me<strong>de</strong>llín, 2006.<br />
[27] Diego F. Gómez, Colombia 9000.3 Construcción <strong>de</strong> lo posible: Un<br />
marco prospectivo para el <strong>de</strong>sarrollo <strong>de</strong>l país. Me<strong>de</strong>llín: C<strong>en</strong>tro <strong>de</strong><br />
Estudios <strong>en</strong> Economía Sistémica ECSIM, 2004.<br />
[28] R. Boumans et al., "Mo<strong>de</strong>ling the dynamics of the integrated earth<br />
system and the value of global ecosystem services using the GUMBO<br />
mo<strong>de</strong>l," Ecological Economics, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 529-560, 2002.<br />
[29] D. H. Meadows, D. L. Meadows, and J. Ran<strong>de</strong>rs, Limits to Growth - the<br />
30-Year Update. White River J<strong>un</strong>ction, VT, USA: Chelsea Gre<strong>en</strong><br />
Publishing Co., 2004.<br />
[30] Luciano Gallón, "Chain Knowledge-Inv<strong>en</strong>tion-Technology-Wealth<br />
(KITWE) A System Dynamics basic mo<strong>de</strong>l," in Technology and Social<br />
Complexity. Murcia, España: Ediciones <strong>de</strong> la Universidad <strong>de</strong> Murcia<br />
edit.um, 2009, pp. 233-244.<br />
[31] R. S. <strong>de</strong> Groot, M. A. Wilson, and M. J. Boumans, "A typology for the<br />
classification, <strong>de</strong>scription and valuation of ecosystem f<strong>un</strong>ctions, goods<br />
and services," Ecological Economics, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 393-408, 2002.<br />
[32] Mill<strong>en</strong>nium Ecosystem Assessm<strong>en</strong>t Board, Ecosystems and Human<br />
Well-being: Sc<strong>en</strong>arios. Washington, DC, USA: Island Press, 2005.<br />
[33] Luciano Gallón, Diego F. Gómez, and Miquel Barceló, "Herrami<strong>en</strong>tas<br />
para investigar la Sost<strong>en</strong>ibilidad: La Dinámica <strong>de</strong> Sistemas para<br />
<strong>en</strong>fr<strong>en</strong>tar la Pobreza <strong>en</strong> Suramérica," in II Congrés UPC Sost<strong>en</strong>ible 2015<br />
- La recerca <strong>en</strong> Sost<strong>en</strong>ibilitat: estat actual i reptes <strong>de</strong> futur, Barcelona,<br />
España, 2009.