vf/kfu;e dk vFkZ 'fu.kZ;' [ Interpretation of Statues ] Statue ... - cs notes

General & Commercial laws 

Interpretation of Statues 

vf/kfu;e dk vFkZ 'fu.kZ;' [ Interpretation of Statues ] 

Statue Means ‐ vf/kfu;e fof/k & vFkkZr~ laln ;k jkT; fo/kkue.My }kjk fu;fer fof/kA 

vFkZfu.kZ; & izR;sd O;fDr dks vf/kfu;eksa ds izdkj ij /;ku nsuk pkfg, ftlds lanHkZ esa og cuk;k x;k gSA 

vFkZ fu.kZ; dh vko';drk 

tc 'kCn esa vLi"Vrk gks ;k dqN 'kCnks dk nwf"kr iz;ksx gks x;k gks ;k 'kCnksa dk yksi gks x;k gks rks vFkZ fu.kZ; 

vko';d gSA 

vFkZfu.kZ; ,d izfØ;k gS ftlds }kjk U;k;ky; fo/kkueaMy ds vFkZ dks [kkstrs gSA 

D;ksafd vusd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa & 

‣ vf/kfu;e esa iz;qDr 'kCn ,dls vf/kd vFkZ ogu djrs gSA 

‣ vyx&vyx ekeyksa es U;k;ky; dh vyx&vyx jk; gksrh gSA 

blfy, 'kCnksa dk vFkZ fu.kZ; mfpr



Relevant Case :‐ uan izdk'k @State of H.P. 

bl Case esa vFkZfu.kZ; bl izdkj ugh fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftlls nwljs izko/kkuksa dks pksV iagqps A 

2- rkfdZd vFkZfu.kZ; & blls nks fl}kar fudyrs gS & 

‣ tc vf/kfu;e dh Hkk"kk eas vLi"Vrk [unclearity] gks rks ml vFkZ dks fo'ks"krk nh tk;sxh tks fo/kkueaMy 

ds vk'k; dks izHkkodkjh cuk,xk A 

nwljk fl)kar & tgka nks fu.kZ; [two meaning] laHko gks rks ml vFkZ dks fo'ks"krk nh tk;sxh tks vf/kfu;e ds 

m}}s'; ls laxr gks] rFkk tks vFkZghu ifj.kkeksa dks jksds A 

‣ U;k;ky; fdlh 'kCn ds vFkZ dks bl izdkj vFkZ ns ldrs gS fd og mipkj dsk vkxs c



4- laxr fuoZpu dk fu;e&(Rule of Harmonious Construction):‐ 

fdlh Hkh vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa dk lek/kku djus ds fy, ,d dkuwu dks iw.kZ :i ls i



6- Expressio Univs est Exculsio alterious – 

bl fu;e dk vFkZ gS fd ,d 'kCn dh ckr nwljs 'kCn dk cks/k djkrh gS A 

tc ,d dkuwu nks 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx djrk gS ftuesa ls ,d 'kCn nwljsa dk lekos'k djrk gS rks vf/kd lkekU; 'kCn 

dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA 

Example:‐Land¼Hkwfe½ 'kCn esa Hkou dks 'kkfey ekuk tkrk gS ysfdu ;fn edkuksa] Hkouksa] dkj[kkuksa ij dksbZ Tax 

yxkus ds ckn dksbZ Act Hkwfe dksa Tax‐free djsa rks bldk vFkZ Hkwfe ls gh fy;k tk;sxk ftlesa Hkou]edku]dkj[kkusa 

uk tqMs gksaA 

7- Contemporanea Expositio est optima et fortissima Lege – 

bl fl}kar dk vFkZ gS fd ,d Contemporanious Exposition loksZre gksrk gS rFkk dkuwu esa Bksl gksrk gS A 

tc dkuwu ds 'kCn le; ds lkFk vFkZ esa cnyko ykrs gSA rks mu 'kCnksa dk ,slk vFkZ fudkyk tk;sxk tks vFkZ ml 

dkuwu dh jpuk ds le; FkkA 

‣ iqjkus fo/kkuksa dk ,sls fuoZpu fd;k tkuk pkfg, tks vFkZ dkuwu dh jpuk ds le; Fkk ogh vFkZ nsuk pkfg, 

A 

‣ ysfdu ;fn fo/kku dsoy ,d vFkZfu.kZ; gh dj ldrk gS ftldk fd igys xyr [wrong meaning] vFkZ 

fn;k x;k Fkk rks U;k;ky; }kjk mls lgh vFkZ fn;k tk;sxkA 

8- Noscitus a Socitis (It is known by its associates):‐ 

;g fu;e crkrk gS fd nks ;k vf/kd 'kCn ftudk leku vFkZ [same meaning] fudyrk gks rFkk ftudksa ,d 

lkFk j[kk tkrk gks rks 

‣ mUgs mudh Hkkouk ds vuqlkj le>k tkuk pkfg,A 

‣ ,slk dsoy rHkh gksrk gS tc fo/kku dk m}}s'; foLr`r 'kCnksa dks Narrow words ds lkFk feykuk gksA 

‣ ,d gh dkuwu esa leku 'kCn leku vFkZ j[krs gS 

ysfdu ;g fu;e ykxw ogka ugha gksxk tgka & 

(i) tc Context ¼lnaHkZ½ bl fl}kar dks vyx djsa 

(ii) tgka 'kCn vU;k; o vlekurk mRiUu djsaA 

(iii) tgka vyx&vyx ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk o.kZu fd;k tk jgk gksA 

(iv) tc 'kCnksa dks vyx&vyx lnaHkksZ esa iz;ksx fd;k tk jgk gksA 

COMPILED BY MS. SHUBHAM AGARWAL [CS, LL.B.] M. 9461130967 Page 4



dBksj rFkk mnkj fuoZpu [Strict and Liberal Construction] 

dBksj fuoZpu [Strict Construction] 

bles fo/kku ds 'kCnksa dk bl rjhds ls vFkZ fudkyk tkuk gksrk gS tSlk vf/kfu;e esa fn;k x;k gSA 

‣ dBksj fuoZpu ds fu;e dk mi;ksx Criminal Laws esa vf/kd gksrk gSA 

fo/kku esa ,slh ckr dks 'kkfey gq, ugh ekuk tkrk tks fd mldh Hkkouk ugh gksrh A 

mnkj fuoZpu (Liberal‐Construction)& 

tc 'kCnksa dk vke vFkZ fo/kku ds m}}s'; ls de vFkZ gks rks mls foLr`r vFkZ Hkh fn;k tk ldrk gS A 

‣ U;k;k/kh'k dk drZO; gS fd fo/kku dk ,slk vFkZfu.kZ; djs fd Hkwy lekIr gks rFkk mipkj dks vkxs c



vFkZ fu.kZ; djus dh vkUrfjd rFkk ckgzk lgk;rk,a ( Internal and External aids of Interpretations ) 

vkUrfjd lgk;rk,a & 

1. uke (Title) & vf/kfu;e yEcs rFkk NksVs uke nksusk gh Lohdkj djrs gSA laf{kIr uke j[kus dk m}}s'; ;g gS 

fd ;g eq[; vf/kfu;e dks mlds NksVs uke ds vUrxZr funsZ'k nsus esa lgk;d gksrk gSA vf/kfu;e dk vFkZ djus esa 

yEck uke dks Lohdkj fd;k x;k FkkA 

2- izLrkouk& vf/kfu;e dh izLrkouk uke ds Bhd uhps nh jgrh gSA tks fd vf/kfu;e dk mÌs'; crkrh gSA 

izLrkouk vf/kfu;e ds Hkkxksa dk vFkZ djus esa mfpr lgk;rk nsrh gSA 

3- 'kh"kZd (Headings)& /kkjk ds igys yxk;s 'kh"kZd vFkZ fu.kZ; djus ds fy, funZs'k fd, tk ldrs gSA 'kh"kZd ds 

fy, laln }kjk er ugha fn, tkrs gS ;s ckn esa tksMs+ tkrs gSA 

4- ik'oZorhZ fVIi.kh (Marginal‐Notes)& ;s fVIi.kh vf/kfu;e esa /kkjk ds fdukjs ij fy[kh ik;h tkrh gSA budk 

vFkZ /kkjk ds izHkko dks lw{e :i esa cukuk gksrk gSA ;s fVIi.kh;ka lgk;rk ds :i esa funZsf'kr dh tkrh gSA 

5- vuqlwfp;ka (Schedules)& vf/kfu;e dh lwfp;ka Act ds vUr esa layXu dh tkrh gSA blesa dqN fu;e rFkk izi= 

gksrs gSA vuqlwph esa ewy vf/kfu;e gksrk gSA 

bl izdkj vuqlwph esa fn, x, izko/kku dk vFkZ mlh izdkj fd;k tk;sxk tSlk fd /kkjkvksa esa crk;k x;k gSA 

6- ijUrqd (Proviso) & ijUrqd vf/kfu;e esa ;k rks 'krZ yxkus ds fy, tksM+k tkrk gS ;k fdlh viokn dk l`tu 

djus ds fy, tksM+k tkrk gSA 

;g ewy vf/kfu;e dk fu;a=.k ugha dj ldrkA ijUrqd dk eq[; dk;Z viokn dk l`tu djuk gSA 

;fn ,d ijUrqd foLr`r rFkk ladqfpr nksuksa vFkZ nsus esa l{ke gS rks U;k;ky; dks ladqfpr vFkZ dks izkFkfedrk 

nsuh pkfg,A 

7- mnkgj.k(Illustrations)& mnkgj.k /kkjk ls lacaf/kr ik, tkrs gSA vf/kfu;e dk vFkZ fu.kZ; djus ds fy, 

egRoiw.kZ gSA 

‣ mnkgj.k fof/k ds izko/kkuksa rFkk muds iz;ksx dks le>us ds fy, fn, tkrs gSA 

‣ ysfdu mnkgj.kksa dks /kkjk dh Hkk"kk dk la'kks/ku djus ds :i esa x`g.k ugha fd;k tk ldrkA 




‣ /kkjk dk vFkZ djus ds fy, mnkgj.kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSSA 

8- Li"Vhdj.k (Explanations)& vf/kfu;e dh /kkjkvksa esa tks Hkh vf/kfu;fer fd;k x;k gS mldks Li"V djus ds 

fy, /kkjkvksa ds uhps Li"Vhdj.k fn, tkrs gSA 

‣ Li"Vhdj.k ls vk'k; fo"k; {ks= dks fu/kkZfjr djuk gSA 

9- fuoZpu [k.M(Interpretation‐clauses)& vf/kfu;eksa esa fuoZpu[k.M fn;s jgrs gSA ;s dBksj U;kf;d vkykspuk 

ds :i eas fn;s tkrs gS tks vDlj Hkzfer djrs gSA 

‣ lHkh fuoZpu [k.Mksa esa dqN 'krZsa gksrh gSA 

cká lgk;rk,a (External Aids) & 

1- lalnh; bfrgkl & lalnh; bfrgkl ds }kjk vf/kfu;e dk vFkZ djus dh vkKk ugha gSA lafo/kku dk vFkZ djus 

esa cká lgk;rk ds :i esa cgl ds nkSjku lafo/kku lHkk ds lnL;ksa }kjk fd, x, Hkk"k.k dks xzg.k ugha 

fd;k tk ldrkA 

2- ,sfrgkfld foU;kl (Historical Setting)& vf/kfu;e ds ,sfrgkfld foU;kl dk vFkZ gS foU;kl dk Øe tks 

vf/kfu;e dks mRiUu djrs gSA 

‣ U;k;ky; ,sls cká rFkk ,sfrgkfld rF; ij fopkj djus dk vf/kdkj j[krk gSA tks fd Act dh 

fo"k;oLrq dks le>kus ds fy, vko';d gSA 

‣ U;k;ky; bl ckr dk /;ku j[krk gS fd vf/kfu;e ikl gksus ds le; D;k ifjfLFkfr;ka Fkh rFkk D;k 

nks"k Fks ftldk mipkj fd;kA 

‣ ;fn 'kCn nks vFkZ ogu djrs gS rks dkSulk vFkZ T;knk Related gS blds fy, vf/kfu;e dk bfrgkl 

tkuuk vko';d gSA 

3- 'kCndks"k o iqLrds (Dictionaries and Text Books)& 'kCndks"k laln ds vf/kfu;e esa izLrqr 'kCnksas ds vFkkZsa dk 

izekf.kd L=ksr ugha ekus tkrs gSA 

ysfdu 'kCndks"kksa dk iz;ksx djus ls U;k;ky; oafpr ugha fd, x, gSA 

‣ 'kCnksa dks muds lk/kkj.k vFkkZsa esa iz;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A 

‣ U;k;k/kh'k fofHkUu 'kCndks"kksa dk iz;ksx djrs gS tSls Webstar Dictionaries, Oxford DictionariesA 

‣ U;k;ky; dks vf/kdkj gS fd og iqLrdksa esa fn, x, dFku ls vlger gks lds tc mUgsa ,slk yxs 




4- ljdkjh izdk'ku rFkk fjiksVZ& U;k;ky; }kjk ljdkjh izdk'kuksa rFkk fjiksVkZsa dk Reference fy;k tk ldrk 

gSA fo/ks;d izLrqr fd;s tkus ds le; D;k ifjfLFkfr;ka Fkh D;k rF; Fks ;g lc tkuus ds fy,A 

‣ ijUrq vf/kfu;e dk vFkZ djus ds fy, bu ij fuHkZj ugha jgk tk ldrkA 

‣ blds vUrxZr igys ds izfrosnu rFkk fjiksVZ rFkk vU; izdk'ku 'kkfey gSA 

5- fons'kh fu.kZ; (Foreign Decisions)& vf/kfu;e dk vFkZ djus eas fosns'kh fu.kZ;ksa dk iz;ksx djuk lkekU; ckr gSA 

‣ U;k;ky;ksa }kjk vaxzsth vf/kfu;eksa dk Reference fn;k tkrk gS tks laxr gksrk gSA 

‣ gekjs lafo/kku ds izko/kkuksa dk vFkZ djus esa fons'kh fu.kZ;ksa ls i;kZIr lgk;rk feyrh gSA 

‣ ijUrq mudh ,d lhek gksuh pkfg,A 

‣ mudk gokyk mlh lhek rd gh fn;k tkuk pkfg, tgak rd fd os dkuwu dks le>us ds fy, vko';d 

gksA 

ekU;rk,a (Presumptions) & 

tgka fo/kku dk vFkZ Li"V gksrk gS ogak ekU;rk ysus dh dksbZ vko';drk ugha gksrh gS ysfdu ;fn fo/kku dh Hkkouk 

Li"V ugha gksrh ogka vusd ekU;rk,a gksrh gSA os fuEu gSA 

1- ,d fo/kku esa 'kCnksa dks lw{erk ls rFkk

vf/kfu;e dk vFkZ 'fu.kZ;' [ Interpretation of Statues ] Statue ... - cs notes

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