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Catálogo de plantas nativas con potencial para biocomercio y bioprospección de la Reserva Natural Privada Punta Patiño

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PRIVATE NATURE RESERVE OF PUNTA PATIÑO DARIEN, PANAMA<br />

RESERVA NATURAL PRIVADA PUNTA PATIÑO DARIÉN, PANAMÁ<br />

E<strong>la</strong>eis oleifera<br />

(Kunth) Cortés ex Prain<br />

Common name: Corocita<br />

Synonyms: Alfonsia oleifera, Corozo oleifera, E<strong>la</strong>eis<br />

dybowskii, E. macrophyl<strong>la</strong>, E. madagascariensis, E.<br />

me<strong>la</strong>nococca, Palma oleosa.<br />

Botanical family: Arecaceae (Palm family)<br />

Other names: Corozo colorado, corozo, palma<br />

aceitera (Pan), coquito (Nic, CR), hone (Baja<br />

Ta<strong>la</strong>manca, CR), palmiche (Nicoya Peninsu<strong>la</strong>, CR),<br />

sama, samaque (guna, Pan), American Oil Palm (Eng)<br />

Description: Low-lying tree with a trunk that bends<br />

towards the ground as the palm grows, rarely taller<br />

than five meters. White, <strong>de</strong>nsely clustered flowers.<br />

The fruits are small, 2 to 3 cm in length, with an<br />

orange to red-colored skin and little flesh. The seeds<br />

are b<strong>la</strong>ck and thick-shelled.<br />

Distribution: Present in various sectors of the <strong>Punta</strong><br />

<strong>Patiño</strong> Private Nature Reserve. Found throughout<br />

Panama in low-lying forests along the Pacific coast<br />

and in the canal region and the Guna Ya<strong>la</strong>. This<br />

species can be found from Honduras to Brazil and<br />

Peru.<br />

Phenology: Flowers from February to June, fruits<br />

appear from March to June, ripening slowly on the<br />

palm, with infructescences ripening at different<br />

speeds.<br />

Uses: This palm is wi<strong>de</strong>ly used by rural families in<br />

the country and indigenous peoples from Eastern<br />

and Western Panama. In some regions, the oil is still<br />

extracted from the fruit and the nuts for cosmetic use<br />

Nombre común: Corocita<br />

Sinónimos: Alfonsia oleifera, Corozo oleifera, E<strong>la</strong>eis<br />

dybowskii, E. macrophyl<strong>la</strong>, E. madagascariensis, E.<br />

me<strong>la</strong>nococca, Palma oleosa<br />

Familia botánica: Arecaceae (familia <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>s palmas)<br />

Otros nombres: Corozo colorado, corozo, palma aceitera<br />

(Pan), coquito (Nic, CR), hone (Baja Ta<strong>la</strong>manca,<br />

CR), palmiche (Penínsu<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong> Nicoya, CR), sama,<br />

samaque (guna, Pan), American Oil Palm (ingl.)<br />

Descripción: Árbol <strong>de</strong> baja altura, cuyo tronco se<br />

acuesta sobre el suelo a medida que <strong>la</strong> palma crece,<br />

<strong>de</strong> manera que rara vez sobrepasa los cinco metros<br />

<strong>de</strong> altura. Las flores son b<strong>la</strong>ncas, <strong>con</strong>gestionadas en<br />

un racimo <strong>de</strong>nso. Los frutos son pequeños, <strong>de</strong> unos<br />

2 a 3 cm <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>rgo, <strong>con</strong> cáscara <strong>de</strong> color naranja a rojo<br />

y poca pulpa. Las semil<strong>la</strong>s son negras, <strong>de</strong> testa muy<br />

dura.<br />

Distribución: Está presente en varios sectores <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong><br />

<strong>Reserva</strong> <strong>Natural</strong> <strong>Privada</strong> <strong>Punta</strong> <strong>Patiño</strong>, y en Panamá<br />

se pue<strong>de</strong> en<strong>con</strong>trar en bosques <strong>de</strong> tierras bajas <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong><br />

vertiente <strong>de</strong>l Pacífico, el área <strong>de</strong>l canal y Guna Ya<strong>la</strong>.<br />

La especie se distribuye <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> Honduras hasta Brasil<br />

y Perú.<br />

Fenología: Florece entre febrero y junio y los frutos<br />

aparecen entre marzo y junio, pero maduran lentamente<br />

y en <strong>la</strong> palma hay infrutescencias <strong>con</strong> distinto<br />

grado <strong>de</strong> maduración.<br />

Usos: Es una palma que era muy empleada por<br />

campesinos <strong>de</strong> varias regiones <strong>de</strong>l interior <strong>de</strong>l país y<br />

los pueblos originarios <strong>de</strong>l oeste y el este <strong>de</strong> Panamá.<br />

En algunas regiones aún extraen aceite <strong>de</strong> los frutos

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