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Catálogo de plantas nativas con potencial para biocomercio y bioprospección de la Reserva Natural Privada Punta Patiño

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PRIVATE NATURE RESERVE OF PUNTA PATIÑO DARIEN, PANAMA<br />

RESERVA NATURAL PRIVADA PUNTA PATIÑO DARIÉN, PANAMÁ<br />

Sterculia apeta<strong>la</strong><br />

(Jacq.) H. Karst.<br />

Common name: Panama<br />

Synonyms: Chichaea acerifolia. Clompanus apetalus,<br />

Helicteres apeta<strong>la</strong>, Opsopea foetida, Sterculia acerifolia,<br />

S. capitata, S. carthaginensis, S. chicha, S. <strong>con</strong>voluta,<br />

S. e<strong>la</strong>ta, S. helicteres<br />

Botanical family: Malvaceae (Hibiscus family)<br />

Other names: Camaruca, camajón (Col.), anacahuita<br />

(CR, Caribe), castaño (ES, Gua.), castaña, bellota,<br />

pepetaca, petaca (Mex.), camoruco (Ven.).<br />

Description: The national tree of Panama can<br />

reach up to 35 meters in height, with a straight and<br />

buttressed trunk, and superficial roots. Their leaves<br />

have five lobes. The flowers are small, reddish, and<br />

arranged in bunches. The fruits are woody brown-colored<br />

follicles grouped into bunches of three to five,<br />

covered on the insi<strong>de</strong> by urticating bristles. The seeds<br />

are b<strong>la</strong>ck, ovally-shaped and small.<br />

Distribution: The trees are found throughout the<br />

reserve and in low-lying areas of the Pacific basin.<br />

Globally, the tree can be found from Mexico to Bolivia<br />

and the Caribbean.<br />

Phenology: Flowering occurs from December to<br />

March and fruiting in March and April.<br />

Uses: Rural inhabitants from the in<strong>la</strong>nd of the country<br />

and indigenous peoples, especially from seasonal<br />

regions in the Pacific basin, use the timber for<br />

<strong>con</strong>struction and crafts. The seeds can be roasted<br />

and eaten. The tree is used for reforestation projects<br />

and for <strong>de</strong>coration in parks.<br />

Sources: 5, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17, 19, 25, 28, 32, 35<br />

Nombre común: Panamá<br />

Sinónimos: Chichaea acerifolia. Clompanus apetalus,<br />

Helicteres apeta<strong>la</strong>, Opsopea foetida, Sterculia acerifolia,<br />

S. capitata, S. carthaginensis, S. chicha, S. <strong>con</strong>voluta,<br />

S. e<strong>la</strong>ta, S. helicteres<br />

Familia botánica: Malvaceae (familia <strong>de</strong>l algodón y el<br />

cacao)<br />

Otros nombres: Camaruca, camajón (Col.), anacahuita<br />

(CR, Caribe), castaño (ES, Gua.), castaña, bellota,<br />

pepetaca, petaca (Méx.), camoruco (Ven.).<br />

Descripción: El árbol nacional <strong>de</strong> Panamá llega medir<br />

35 m <strong>de</strong> altura, <strong>de</strong> tronco recto, <strong>con</strong> gran<strong>de</strong>s <strong>con</strong>trafuertes<br />

y raíces superficiales. Las hojas tienen cinco<br />

lóbulos. Las flores son pequeñas, rojizas, dispuestas<br />

en racimos. Los frutos son folículos leñosos <strong>de</strong><br />

color marrón, agrupadas en grupos <strong>de</strong> tres a cinco,<br />

cubiertos internamente por pelos urticantes. Las<br />

semil<strong>la</strong>s son negras, ova<strong>la</strong>das, pequeñas.<br />

Distribución: Se encuentra por toda <strong>la</strong> reserva y en<br />

<strong>la</strong>s tierras bajas <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> vertiente <strong>de</strong>l Pacífico. Su distribución<br />

global abarca <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> México hasta Bolivia y el<br />

Caribe.<br />

Fenología: La floración ocurre <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> diciembre hasta<br />

marzo y fructifica <strong>de</strong> marzo a abril.<br />

Usos: Los campesinos <strong>de</strong> varias regiones <strong>de</strong>l interior<br />

<strong>de</strong>l país y los pueblos originarios, en especial<br />

<strong>la</strong>s regiones estacionales <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> vertiente <strong>de</strong>l Pacífico<br />

emplean <strong>la</strong> ma<strong>de</strong>ra <strong>para</strong> <strong>con</strong>strucción y artesanías.<br />

Las semil<strong>la</strong>s se comen tostadas. Se usa <strong>para</strong> reforestación<br />

y como ornamental en parques.<br />

Fuentes: 5, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17, 19, 25, 28, 32, 35

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