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• more than one hundred specimens of vertebrates found; by setting a minimum of one
hundred specimens, it is possible to eliminate a number of sites containing few fossils, since
there are many such sites that may be well known because of one very old discovery and
episodic collecting. Furthermore, it is not necessary for all the species to be represented by
hundreds of specimens, since there are very few sites where several species are found in the
hundreds.
The fifteen fossiliferous sites selected for the purposes of this study are listed in Table 1.
The names used in Tables 1 to 30 and in the text are those of the geographic localities in order to
facilitate the reading of this document; however, the designation Cleveland Shale will be used
since this involves not a single site but a series of localities. A list of 46 fossiliferous sites
containing Devonian vertebrates not considered for this comparative study is provided in
Appendix 1; these sites did not meet one or more of the seven selection criteria (pages 19-21). For
each site, the geographic, stratigraphic and age information is provided, as well as a list of the
described taxa. These 46 sites are not considered sufficiently discriminant to merit a more detailed
description since they do not meet all the selection criteria. This list does not include all the
Devonian sites, but it does include a large proportion of them. These 46 sites represent
14 countries on five continents, 385 taxonomic entries spanning the entire Devonian period
(22 sites from the Upper Devonian, 18 from the Middle Devonian and six from the Lower
Devonian) (Figure 2).
Table 1. List of the fifteen fossiliferous sites bearing Devonian fishes that meet the selection
criteria of the comparative analysis; the sites are listed in alphabetical order
Site Formation Country Stage Age
Bad Wildungen Kellwasserkalk Germany Frasnian Upper Devonian
Bergish-Gladbach Oberer Plattenkalk Germany Frasnian Upper Devonian
Canowindra Mandagery Snds. Australia Famennian Upper Devonian
Achanarras Quarry Lower Caithness United Kingdom Givetian Middle Devonian
Flagstone Group
(Scotland)
Lode Quarry Gauja Latvia Frasnian Upper Devonian
Cleveland Shale Cleveland United States Famennian Upper Devonian
Okse Bay Fjord Okse Bay Canada Frasnian Upper Devonian
Gogo Station Gogo Australia Frasnian Upper Devonian
East Greenland Aina Dal, Brita Dal Denmark Famennian Upper Devonian
Miguasha Escuminac Canada Frasnian Upper Devonian
Mount Howitt Avon River Group Australia Givetian Middle Devonian
Pasta muiza Amata Latvia Frasnian Upper Devonian
Pavari Ketleri Latvia Famennian Upper Devonian
Red Hill, Pennsylvania Catskill United States Famennian Upper Devonian
Spitsberg Wood Bay Norway Pragian Lower Devonian
Of the fifteen sites compared, one dates from the Lower Devonian, two from the Middle
Devonian and twelve from the Upper Devonian (Table 1; Figure 2). Seven of the Upper Devonian
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