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La pêche au crabe girafe : l'expérience des Seychelles = The ... - IRD

La pêche au crabe girafe : l'expérience des Seychelles = The ... - IRD

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._ .J<br />

2. LA..TECHHIQUE VE FECHE<br />

captufCs avec <strong>des</strong><br />

11 s'aoit d'un<br />

~~ercle de fer d'environ 1 &tre de diaretre<br />

recouvert d'une double nappe de filet<br />

maillant (naille etirte d'environ SC.); 10 P<br />

20 balances sont æontCcs, espacCes de 10 P<br />

20m, sur une filibre principale, <strong>La</strong> balance<br />

est;rappatCe, prefCrentielIemcnt avec de la<br />

bonite fraiche, et IaissCc en peche environ<br />

une quarrntainc de minutes. Le <strong>crabe</strong><br />

<strong>girafe</strong>, chrnivore, vient railler ses pattes<br />

dans le filet sans pouvoir ~'Cchapper. Les<br />

t<strong>au</strong>x de capture peuvent ateindre jusqua& 30<br />

<strong>crabe</strong>s par balance, mais varient en gCnOr.1<br />

entre 1 & 4 <strong>crabe</strong>s par carrelet. ,<br />

Les bate<strong>au</strong>x iæpliquts dans cette peche <strong>au</strong>x<br />

<strong>Seychelles</strong> sont de tailles tr&s variables:<br />

6,. A i4a selon les zones de peche et<br />

utilisent en -moyenne 4 filibres de 15<br />

balances. <strong>La</strong> duree de la rarCe varie entre<br />

1 et 4 ìours et .les <strong>crabe</strong>s sont conservCs<br />

sur grace.<br />

f<br />

3. LES zuws VE PECHE<br />

Le <strong>crabe</strong> <strong>girafe</strong> est un <strong>crabe</strong> fouisseur dont<br />

l'hsbitat est constitu¿ de vastes zones de<br />

sable dont la fraction ffne est importante.<br />

On le trouve surtout dans ¿es fondsde 30 P<br />

50r. En. Australie, (Br<strong>au</strong>n, 1986) il est<br />

signal4 de.0 A 80. de profondeur et B H<strong>au</strong>eii<br />

(YANSANT, i9782 de 2 d 200~. Il sewblerait<br />

qu'<strong>au</strong>x SeychrJJes, il soit present Fur<br />

l'enserb1e du plate<strong>au</strong> 'de Hahe, 18 o& le<br />

substrat est adCquate, nais avec <strong>des</strong><br />

densites parfois tres variables,<br />

4. ETUDES EH COURS ET PREHIERS RESULTATS<br />

<strong>La</strong> section recherche de Ia SFA est<br />

responsable de statistiques de peche<br />

ícaptures, effort en nombre de balances<br />

pos4esJ et a m i s en.place un programme de<br />

bioloaie pour connaitre les caractCristiques<br />

de la population:<br />

Le table<strong>au</strong> 2 donne les rCsultats<br />

preliminaires de cette Ctude et Its compare<br />

A ceux d'Hawaii et d'Australie.<br />

5. LES AUTRES PECHERIES :<br />

LES EXEtfPLES HAWAIEN ET AUSTRALIEH<br />

H<strong>au</strong>eii exploite depuis longteaps le <strong>crabe</strong><br />

<strong>girafe</strong>, les preiiPres statistiques remontent<br />

a 1950, les captures annuelles maximales<br />

s'CICvent A 18,8t en 1968 et 29,Zt en 1972.<br />

3 A 4 bate<strong>au</strong>x sont ConCernCs, a temps<br />

partiel, par cette pecherie. Les <strong>crabe</strong>s<br />

sont conservCs et vendus vivants en viviers<br />

(t<strong>au</strong>x de mortalit4 infCrieur d 5%) B <strong>des</strong><br />

prix de 7 & 10 US$ par kg (prix 1985)- Les<br />

Stocks ne semblent pas surexploites rralgre<br />

une peche rCcr4ative non controllCe tres<br />

importante: Suerdloff (1979) propose un<br />

M.S.Y. de 70t/an.<br />

Les pecherìes <strong>au</strong>straliennes du Queensland et<br />

du Neu South Uales sont be<strong>au</strong>coup plus<br />

rkcntes (1970) et d'envergures PIUS<br />

Boats 'of different sizes are used in this<br />

fishery in <strong>Seychelles</strong>: 6-5 to 14m (with a<br />

catcher boat), depending on the area firhed.<br />

<strong>The</strong> usually use 4 linea of 13 nets. Fiahing<br />

trips last 1 to 4 days, and the crabs are<br />

kept on ice.<br />

III. FISHING<br />

<<br />

<strong>The</strong> Kona crab normally lises buried in thi;<br />

sand, %o that extensive fine sand areas arcs<br />

its h8bitat. In <strong>Seychelles</strong> it is fbund<br />

mainly at depths of 30 to Som, Wtrile in<br />

fiustrrlia the range i5 O to 8Om (Bronn,<br />

1986) and 2 to 200m in Hawaii (Vanunt,<br />

1978). <strong>The</strong> <strong>crabe</strong> seem to exist all over the<br />

nah& plate<strong>au</strong> whære the substrate ir<br />

appropriate, but at varying densities.<br />

IV. [XIRENT RESEARCH AND FSRST RESUtTS<br />

Catch md d+wt (number of hoopnet acts)<br />

are kept by the SFA, which ir also<br />

conducting a biological sampling progrman<br />

in order to determine the population<br />

charactwistlcr. fable 2 gives prclfninary<br />

results, comparad to those obtaained in<br />

Austral i a and Hawai i.<br />

V. THE AUSTRALICHJ AND HMAIICUJ FISHERIES<br />

F.? Stætictical sampling of the Uduriisn fishery<br />

strrtd in 1950. Maximum -annual catches<br />

m œ ' recorded in 1968 (18.8t) and 1972<br />

(29.2tJ. 3 to 4 boats are engaged part time<br />

in t'he +irhuy. <strong>The</strong> crabs are kept alive in<br />

*11a (mortality rate under W.), and sold at<br />

prices ranging from $7 to *lO/kg (1985)Qz<br />

Stocks do not æpptar overexploited <strong>des</strong>pite a<<br />

large warts fishery; Snrrdloff (1979%<br />

suggests an PtSY of 70t/year. , .--<br />

T h Austrrl i en ti aheri es of Queenal and and<br />

New South Maler are more recent (1970) and<br />

much largw, &th annual catches of the<br />

order of SOOt (Bronn, 1986). Pricer range<br />

from USS4 - S/kg. <strong>The</strong> fleet is compared of<br />

6 - 7171 outboard-propelled craft, using<br />

several lines of 20 traps. <strong>The</strong> fishery is<br />

not seasanal and catch rates are high,<br />

averaging 4.3 saleable crabs per net set-<br />

Export of crabs to Hawaii is envisaged at<br />

thi,s time. .<br />

. z<br />

IRecmendati ais - 1 egi 81 ati on and its<br />

results in the 2 cwntries:<br />

CI minimum size l i m i t is applied both in<br />

Hawaii (95", posterior carapace margin to<br />

right æye stalk) and in Australia (100mm).<br />

Versant (1978) suggests a close season for<br />

females during the reproductive period<br />

(summer), rather than limiting fishing<br />

ef f art. In both countries, as in<br />

<strong>Seychelles</strong>, fishing berried females is<br />

prohibited. No attcmpt is made to control<br />

mesh sirca, as trials have demonstrated that<br />

there is little relationship between meaty"<br />

size and the size o+ crabs c<strong>au</strong>ght.<br />

w<br />

Jn Hawaii, the high mortality among crab,<br />

releasee if legs are broken off uhile<br />

unmeshing them (70% mbrtality for one broken<br />

leg - Onizuka, 1972) we5 publicised among<br />

fishermen.<br />

t<br />

u1<br />

Co

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