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Arboriculture | Eclaircissage chimique sur poiriers : efficacité et influence sur la production et la qualité <strong>de</strong> différentes variétés<br />

Summary<br />

178<br />

Efficiency of chemical thinning<br />

and influence on the<br />

production and quality of<br />

different pear cultivars<br />

Crop load regulation is often<br />

necessary in or<strong>de</strong>r to achieve<br />

an optimal pear quality and<br />

regular production. This<br />

regulation is performed<br />

manually <strong>le</strong>ading to<br />

supp<strong>le</strong>mentary costs that limit<br />

economical productivity of<br />

pear crops. The aim of this<br />

study was to assess the<br />

phytotoxicity and the efficiency<br />

of chemical thinner on four<br />

pear cultivars. Depending on<br />

the thinner, the application<br />

exhibited large differences in<br />

the efficiency on Louise Bonne,<br />

Harrow Sweet, Beurré Bosc and<br />

Conference, <strong>le</strong>ading sometimes<br />

to an excessive thinning and<br />

consequently to a lower yield.<br />

Higher fruit size was rarely<br />

observed for Louise Bonne,<br />

Harrow Sweet and Beurré Bosc.<br />

On the contrary, for Conference,<br />

higher fruit size resulted<br />

always from a lower crop load.<br />

A foliar phytotoxicity was<br />

observed with<br />

naphtha<strong>le</strong>neacetami<strong>de</strong> (NAAm)<br />

and a high proportion of<br />

pygmies fruits was produced<br />

with naphtha<strong>le</strong>neacetic acid<br />

(NAA) applications. The results<br />

of this study show that<br />

chemical thinning is not<br />

appropriate for Louise Bonne,<br />

Harrow Sweet and Beurré Bosc.<br />

On the contrary, benzyla<strong>de</strong>nine<br />

(BA) application seems to be<br />

promising for Conference.<br />

Key words : biennial bearing,<br />

chemical thinning, pears.<br />

Zusammenfassung<br />

Wirkung <strong>de</strong>r chemischen<br />

Ausdünnung und Einfluss auf<br />

Ertrag und Qualität<br />

verschie<strong>de</strong>ner Birnensorten<br />

Bei Birnen ist eine Behangsregulierung<br />

oft erfor<strong>de</strong>rlich,<br />

um eine gute Fruchtqualität<br />

und regelmässige Erträge zu<br />

produzieren. Die Handausdünnung<br />

verursacht zusätzliche<br />

Kosten und verringert die<br />

Wirtschaftlichkeit <strong>de</strong>s<br />

Birnenanbaus. Ziel dieser<br />

Versuche war die Abklärung <strong>de</strong>r<br />

Pflanzenverträglichkeit und <strong>de</strong>r<br />

Wirkung <strong>de</strong>r chemischen<br />

Ausdünnprodukte bei vier<br />

Birnensorten. Je nach Wirkstoff<br />

war die Ausdünnung<br />

unterschiedlich bei <strong>de</strong>n Sorten<br />

Gute Luise, Harrow Sweet,<br />

Kaiser A<strong>le</strong>xan<strong>de</strong>r und<br />

Conférence. Zum Teil war die<br />

Ausdünnung zu stark und <strong>de</strong>r<br />

Ertrag zu tief. Eine <strong>de</strong>utliche<br />

Steigerung <strong>de</strong>s Fruchtgewichtes<br />

konnte bei <strong>de</strong>n drei<br />

erstgenannten Sorten selten<br />

festgestellt wer<strong>de</strong>n. Bei<br />

Conférence hingegen hat die<br />

Reduktion <strong>de</strong>s Fruchtansatzes<br />

immer zu einer Verbesserung<br />

<strong>de</strong>r Fruchtgrösse geführt.<br />

Behandlungen mit Naphthylacetamid<br />

(NAAm) verursachte<br />

Blattschä<strong>de</strong>n und Naphthy<strong>le</strong>ssigsäure<br />

(NAA) führte zu<br />

Pygmäenfrüchten. Die<br />

Ergebnisse zeigten, dass eine<br />

chemische Behangsregulierung<br />

bei <strong>de</strong>n Sorten Gute Luise,<br />

Harrow Sweet und Kaiser<br />

A<strong>le</strong>xan<strong>de</strong>r nicht angebracht ist.<br />

Bei Conférence dagegen<br />

hat sich die Anwendung von<br />

Benzya<strong>de</strong>nin als vielversprechend<br />

erwiesen.<br />

<strong>Revue</strong> <strong>suisse</strong> Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture | Vol 42 (3) : 170–178, 2010<br />

Riassunto<br />

Efficacia <strong>de</strong>l diradamento<br />

chimico e influenza sulla<br />

produzione e la qualità di varie<br />

varietà di peri<br />

Per produrre <strong>de</strong>l<strong>le</strong> pere di<br />

qualità e per ottenere una<br />

produzione regolare è spesso<br />

necessaria una regolazione<br />

<strong>de</strong>lla carica. Quest’operazione<br />

si esegue manualmente<br />

generando costi supp<strong>le</strong>mentari<br />

che limitano la redditività <strong>de</strong>lla<br />

coltura di peri. Lo scopo di<br />

questo studio è stato quello di<br />

testare la fitotossicità e<br />

l’efficacia <strong>de</strong>l diradamento<br />

chimico su quattro varietà di<br />

pere. A dipen<strong>de</strong>nza <strong>de</strong>l<br />

prodotto utilizzato, l’efficacia<br />

<strong>de</strong>i trattamenti è stata molto<br />

diversa sul<strong>le</strong> varietà Louise<br />

Bonne, Harrow Sweet, Beurré<br />

Bosc e Conférence, conducendo<br />

a un diradamento eccessivo,<br />

dunque una resa più bassa.<br />

Nel<strong>le</strong> prime tre varietà un<br />

aumento notevo<strong>le</strong> <strong>de</strong>l calibro<br />

<strong>de</strong>i frutti è stato osservato<br />

raramente. Al contrario, per<br />

Conférence, la diminuzione<br />

<strong>de</strong>lla carica ha sempre condotto<br />

a un aumento <strong>de</strong>l calibro <strong>de</strong>i<br />

frutti. Una fitotossicità fogliare<br />

è stata osservata con la<br />

naftilacetami<strong>de</strong> (NAD) ed i<br />

trattamenti con l’acido<br />

naftilacetico (ANA) hanno<br />

generato una forte proporzione<br />

<strong>de</strong>i frutti pigmentati. I risultati<br />

di questo studio dimostrano<br />

che un diradamento chimico per<br />

<strong>le</strong> varietà Louise Bonne, Harrow<br />

Sweet e Beurré Bosc non è<br />

appropriato. Per contro, per<br />

Conférence, un trattamento<br />

con benzila<strong>de</strong>nina (BA) sembra<br />

essere promettente.

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