Indoor environment in a digital future - Master thesis - s154397 - s153767 (1)

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List of Figures1.1 Building phases and examples of challenges within these [6] [7]. . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.2 Stakeholders in the building industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1 SBS-symptoms [21]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.2 IEQ categories and parameters [22] [15] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.3 Average percentages of the weighting of IEQ categories [24] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.4 Temperature and colour scale [52] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.5 Elements of smart cities and intelligent buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.6 Architectural layers in IoT systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.7 Example of payload from IoT device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.8 Limitations and possibilities for IoT devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.1 Process of the benchmarking desk study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.2 Methods and Grading Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313.3 GB credit distribution and IEQ parameter occurrence in percentages [76] . . . . . . . 324.1 IEQ Investigation and analysis process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.2 Devices and parameter coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.3 RoomAlyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.4 uHoo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414.5 Foobot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424.6 Sens’it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434.7 IC-meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444.8 Office #1 Expan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454.9 Office #2 Frisesdahl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454.10 Office #3 Frisesdahl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454.11 Floor plan office #1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464.12 Floor plan office #3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474.13 Office #3 Frisesdahl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484.14 Structure and topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.15 Example of a question from the questionnaire in English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494.16 Data processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504.17 Benchmarking investigation and development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514.18 Stakeholder ’Power/Interest’-matrix [107]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524.19 Value Proposition Canvas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535.1 Evaluation of device and dashboard usability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605.2 24h CO2 measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625.3 24h CO2 box plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62xviINDOOR ENVIRONMENT IN A DIGITAL FUTURE
5.4 24h TVOC measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635.5 24h TVOC box plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635.6 24h temperature measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645.7 24h temperature box plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645.8 24h humidity measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655.9 24h humidity box plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655.10 24h noise measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665.11 24h noise box plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665.12 CO2 results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675.13 TVOC results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685.14 PM2.5 results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695.15 Temperature results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695.16 Humidity results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705.17 Noise results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715.18 Stakeholder ’Power/Interest’-matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725.19 Value Proposition Canvas based on interviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735.20 IEQ weighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745.21 Radar for office #2 and #3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755.22 Radar office #1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765.23 Potential cost saving savings for office #1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785.24 IEQ Report development process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795.25 Feedback session #1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795.26 Feedback session #2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795.27 Grading scheme results for office #1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.28 Office #1’s grading scheme results for the four IEQ categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815.29 Grading results for IEQ categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815.30 CO2 measurements for office #1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825.31 Symptoms related to CO2 for office #1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825.32 Complaint related to CO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83INDOOR ENVIRONMENT IN A DIGITAL FUTURExvii
Page 3: INDOOR ENVIRONMENT IN A DIGITAL FUT
Page 7: AbstractPoor indoor environment qua
Page 11 and 12: Table ofContents
Page 13: 6.1 IEQ Investigation . . . . . . .
Page 17: List of Tables2.1 CO2 criteria and
Page 23 and 24: Today many countries, including Den
Page 25: coming five years. The strategy enc
Page 29 and 30: 2.1 Legislative Authorities and Gui
Page 31 and 32: tion among occupants. Followed by t
Page 33 and 34: Exposure Limit TVOC [ppb]1 Excellen
Page 35 and 36: 2.5 Acoustic ComfortAcoustic comfor
Page 37 and 38: 2.7 Summary of Parameters and Sympt
Page 39 and 40: In order to fully comprehend the po
Page 43: CHAPTER 3Market ResearchChapter 3 p
Page 48 and 49: Origin Method IEQ RatingSustainbili
Page 50 and 51: testing and sustainability. Nordic
Page 52 and 53: 3.2 IoT DevicesA market research on
Page 55: CHAPTER 4MethodChapter 4 describes
Page 58 and 59: 4.2 Measurement DevicesWhen choosin
Page 60 and 61: uHooThe uHoo is produced by a Hong
Page 62 and 63: Sense’itThe Sense’it device is
Page 64 and 65: 4.3 OfficesUsing a checklist develo
Page 66 and 67: Floor plan office #2The second and
Page 68 and 69:
4.4 QuestionnairesThe occupant ques
Page 70 and 71:
4.6 Benchmarking ProcessThe benchma
Page 72 and 73:
4.8 Interviews and Value Propositio
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c o = Outdoor CO2 - level[ppm]where
Page 79 and 80:
5.1 Preliminary Device EvaluationDe
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The average CO2 measurements presen
Page 83 and 84:
The average temperature measurement
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Table 5.1 shows that the average no
Page 87 and 88:
was highest for zone 1 in each offi
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majority of the zones in the three
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5.3 Stakeholders and ValueStakehold
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5.4 Benchmarking ToolBased on both
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Figure 5.22: Radar office #1As seen
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Figure 5.23: Potential cost saving
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Feedback from the first session inc
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The more detailed part of the categ
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CHAPTER 6DiscussionChapter 6 presen
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Measurement PeriodThe measurement p
Page 110:
Economic estimatesRegarding the eco
Page 115 and 116:
7.1 Fulfilment of objectivesThe ful
Page 119 and 120:
Bibliography
Page 121 and 122:
16. Dansk Standard. Bygningers ener
Page 123 and 124:
53. Patel, K. K., Patel, S. M., Sch
Page 125:
106. Hansen, E. J. & Andersen, B. H
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APPENDIX ADesk Study SensorsDevicet
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112 INDOOR ENVIRONMENT IN A DIGITAL
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Page 135 and 136:
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APPENDIX DInterview guideNavn:Rolle
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Nej, det har vi ikke haft myndighed
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Questions = italicAPPENDIX FIntervi
Page 143 and 144:
APPENDIX GIEQ InvestigationTVOC box
Page 145 and 146:
APPENDIX IEconomic calculationsEqua
Page 147 and 148:
Economic calculations for Expan128
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