Korakhashvili, Memindvreoba - A4

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memcenareobaSi moqmedebs sxva kanonebic, romelTa gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia. magaliTad, fosforze mcenaris moTxovnilebis kritikuli periodi. Tu mindvris kulturebma ganviTarebis adreul etapze gadaitanes fosforis SimSili, maT aRar SeuZliaT maRali mosavlis formireba im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu momdevno periodSi isini uxvad iqnen uzrunvelyofili am elementiT mineraluri sasuqis meSveobiT. amitom, maRali mosavlis misaRebad aucilebelia niadagi yovelTvis winaswar uzrunvelyoT sakvebi elementebiT. maRali da xarisxiani mosavlis miReba SeiZleba mxolod kompleqsuri da diferencirebuli (kultura, jiSi, zona) mecnierebatevadi agroteqnologiebis gamoyenebiT, sworad SerCeul RonisZiebaTa sistemiT, romelic xorcieldeba TanamimdevrobiT mcenaris moTxovnilebisa da adgilobrivi pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT. mindvris kulturebis mosavlianoba mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli mcenaris zrda-ganviTarebasTan da biologiur Taviseburebebze, axal organoTa warmoqmnasTan, romelic etapebad mimdinareobs. erTwlovani mcenareebi ganviTarebis 3 periods gadian: axalgazrdobis, mowifulobis da daberebis. calkeuli periodi ki sxvadasxva etapisagan Sedgeba. xorbalSi Tormet aseT etaps gamoyofen. am etapebis codna saSualebas gvaZlevs davawesoT biologiuri kontroli naTesebze maTi maqsimaluri produqtiulobis gamosavlenad. 6
Tavi pirveli 1.1. niadagis damuSavebis ZiriTadi wesebi maTi struqturis da nayofierebis gaTvaliswinebiT miwaTmoqmedebaSi didi xnis win gairkva, rom erTwlovani mindvris kulturebi niadagis damuSavebis gareSe araviTar mosavals ar iZleva. Tanamedrove miwaTmoqmedebac mindvris da teqnikur kulturul mcenareTa moyvanisa da maTi mosavlianobis gadidebis saqmeSi niadagis swor damuSavebas udides mniSvnelobas aniWebs. agroteqnikur RonisZiebaTa mTeli kompleqsis sruli da swori ganxorcieleba warmoudgenelia niadagis swori damuSavebis gareSe, magram martooden niadagis damuSavebiT SeuZlebelia gadaWril iqnes niadagis nayofierebis gadidebis, misi mtkice struqturis Seqmnis yvela sakiTxi. aseve SeuZlebelia gadaWril iqnes melioraciuli, ganoyierebisa da sxva sakiTxebi, Tumca CamoTvlil RonisZiebaTa udidesi efeqtis miRweva SesaZlebelia mxolod niadagis swori damuSavebis pirobebSi. miwaTmoqmedeba warmoudgenelia niadagis damuSavebis gareSe, is yovel epoqaSi, miwaTmoqmedebis yvela sistemis, yovelgvar agroteqnikur RonisZiebaTa sistemis aucilebel elements warmoadgenda da warmoadgens dResac. niadagis damuSavebis mTavari amocanaa _ saxnavi Sre moviyvanoT fxvier, koStovan mdgomareobaSi, moespos balaxis kords cxovelmoqmedebis unari, gaiwmindos mindvrebi sarevelebisagan, kulturul mcenareTa zogierTi daavadebisa da mavneblisagan; niadagSi SevitanoT organuli da mineraluri sasuqebi; niadagi momzaddes Teslis ukeTesi CaTesvisaTvis da sxv. niadagis damuSaveba did gavlenas axdens wylis, haerisa da siTbos reJimze, fizikurqimiuri da biologiuri procesebis dinamikaze. niadagis swori da drouli damuSaveba uzrunvelyofs mikroorganizmebis cxovelmoqmedebis pirobebis gaumjobesebas, aZlierebs niadagSi mcenareulobis naSTebisa da neSonpalis daSlis procesebs, xels uwyobs sakvebi elementebis gadasvlas advilad SesaTvisebel formaSi. Rrma fenebis gafxvierebis wyalobiT aZlierebs sakvebi elementebis brunvas, Tavidan gvacilebs eroziul procesebs. niadagis damuSavebis Sedegad diddeba mcenareTa sakvebis biologiuri mimoqceva, Zlierdeba organuli nivTierebebis Seqmnisa da daSlis tempebi. niadagis damuSavebis Sedegad mis kapilarul da arakapilarul Sualedebs Soris Sefardeba ukeTesi xdeba. damuSavebis yvela xerxi gavlenas axdens mTeli saxnavi fenis an misi nawilis Senebaze. damuSavebuli niadagi kargad atarebs wyals, aramarto saxnav SreSi, aramed fesvebis gavrcelebis qvesaxnavi fenis nawilSic. qvesaxnav fenaSi CaJonili wyali ufro met xans inaxeba da kulturuli mcenaris wyliT momaragebis imedian wyaros warmoadgens. aRniSnuli amocanebis Sesasruleblad mimarTaven niadagis damuSavebis sxvadasxva xerxs. vidre niadagis damuSavebis xerxebis daxasiaTebaze gadavidodeT, saWiroa aRiniSnos is teqnologiuri procesebi, romlebic sruldeba niadagis meqanikuri damuSavebis dros. aseTia: a) 7
Page 1 and 2: a. koraxaSvili saxelmZRvanelo SemuS
Page 3 and 4: Sesavali saqarTveloSi memindvreoba
Page 5: Taviseburebebs da saSualebas gvaZle
Page 9 and 10: da baZoebis Seqmna da sxv. niadagis
Page 11 and 12: xvnis dros SeiZleba moxdes beltis s
Page 13 and 14: mTlianad ver abrunebs, cerad dayene
Page 15 and 16: xvnis siCqare. xnulis xarisxis gaum
Page 17 and 18: nazurgad damuSavebis dros kvals nak
Page 19 and 20: magram niadagis ZiriTadi damuSavebi
Page 21 and 22: xdeba. meore meTodiT zeda Sre (0-10
Page 23 and 24: umetes 12-14sm. am dros xdeba xnuli
Page 25 and 26: danebiani kultivatorebi, romlis mod
Page 27 and 28: aucilebel RonisZiebad, magram es ma
Page 29 and 30: 2. xvna unda warmoebdes lariviT swo
Page 31 and 32: iqmneboda araxelsayreli pirobebi, r
Page 33 and 34: xerxebs daematos esa Tu is dametebi
Page 35 and 36: saToxni kulturebis umetesoba nakveT
Page 37 and 38: mosavlianobaze rigi wlebis ganmavlo
Page 39 and 40: uxelmZRvaneleben qimizaciis produqt
Page 41 and 42: warmoeba da gamoyeneba, nakeli, ara
Page 43 and 44: organuli sasuqebis SeTanwyobiT mine
Page 45 and 46: M 45 cxrili 1.4. mSrali nivTierebis
Page 47 and 48: torfi aris mcenareuli da cxoveluri
Page 49 and 50: agreTve 1_2% kiris damatebiT. nakel
Page 51 and 52: Tu farTobis aTviseba ZiriTadi kultu
Page 53 and 54: aqteriuli sasuqebia: nitragini, azo
Page 55 and 56: suraTi 1.15. amoniumis gvarjila 34,
Page 57 and 58:
mikrosasuqebi. mikroelementebis nia
Page 59 and 60:
1.6. niadagis ganoyierebis sistemeb
Page 61 and 62:
naklebi_kaliumian sasuqebs. aRniSnu
Page 63 and 64:
agroteqnikisagan da sxva faqtorebis
Page 65 and 66:
niadagTan urTierTmoqmedebis Taviseb
Page 67 and 68:
imisdamixedviT, Tu rogori mosavalia
Page 69 and 70:
danaxarjebs, zrdis mosavlianobas da
Page 71 and 72:
kiTxvebi : 1. ra gansxvavebaa niada
Page 73 and 74:
icxobriobis dayvanas im donemde, ro
Page 75 and 76:
sokovani daavadebebiT, rasac emateb
Page 77 and 78:
mwerebis umravlesobas axasiaTebs sr
Page 79 and 80:
xSirad erTi kulturis naTesebi sarev
Page 81 and 82:
im mavne organizmis winaaRmdeg erTn
Page 83 and 84:
) meore jgufSi Sedis saxeobebi, rom
Page 85 and 86:
) mcenareuli baqteriuli da sokovani
Page 87 and 88:
dacvis bioteqnologiuri meTodi. is g
Page 89 and 90:
aodenobiT), rac minimumamde amcireb
Page 91 and 92:
maRali dispersiobiT da didi mdgrado
Page 93 and 94:
preparatebi an iseTi pesticidebi, r
Page 95 and 96:
foTlebi toqsikuria mRrRneli tipis m
Page 97 and 98:
suraTi 2.13. setyvisgan dazianebuli
Page 99 and 100:
RonisZiebebis Catarebis dros kalend
Page 101 and 102:
Semodgomis grigali SeiZleba moyves,
Page 103 and 104:
suraTi 2.17. reabilitirebuli kartof
Page 105 and 106:
Tavi mesame 3.1. marcvlovan da teqn
Page 107 and 108:
goroxebsa da koStebs, mniSvnelovan
Page 109 and 110:
III_manqanebi Rrma gafxvierebis dro
Page 111 and 112:
saTesi manqana Tesls Tanabrad unda
Page 113 and 114:
damuSavebas mwkrivTSorisebSi, TviT
Page 115 and 116:
kultivaciisa da sasuqis Sesatanad.
Page 117 and 118:
am SemTxvevaSi nawilakis siCqare na
Page 119 and 120:
ardana-amkrebebs iyeneben bardanebi
Page 121 and 122:
• xvniswina _ tardeba xvnis win n
Page 123 and 124:
4. niadagqveSa (niadagqveSa-kapilar
Page 125 and 126:
3.3. sadrenaJo sistemebi melioracii
Page 127 and 128:
marilebis Segrovebas da gatanas; hi
Page 129 and 130:
ganisazRvreba saTanado laboratoriul
Page 131 and 132:
ganuwyvetliv moqmedeben. maTi Semde
Page 133 and 134:
fizikur Tvisebebze da ferdobis maqs
Page 135 and 136:
oloebSi gakeTebuli wyalSemosavleleb
Page 137 and 138:
wyalsagdebi nagebobani gaangariSebu
Page 139 and 140:
es aris yvelaze ufro srulyofili sta
Page 141 and 142:
procesi mTlianad meqanizebulia da g
Page 143 and 144:
wvrildispersiuli dawvimeba, rogorc
Page 145 and 146:
sarwyavi qselis ganlageba farTobSi
Page 147 and 148:
3.5. morwyvisaTvis wylis normebi da
Page 149 and 150:
SemdgomSi, yvavilobidan simwifemde
Page 151 and 152:
ganviTarebas da ionjis zamTarSi sak
Page 153 and 154:
1. dargvidan anu daaxlobvebiT 5 mai
Page 155 and 156:
7. xels uSlis eroziuli procesebis g
Page 157 and 158:
25 %-iT, erTi kviris Semdeg 7-10 %-
Page 159 and 160:
aseTi produqcia Ria gruntidan ukve
Page 161 and 162:
6. xarjebis simcire muSa xelsa da m
Page 163 and 164:
suraTi 3.17. zedmeti wylis sadrenaJ
Page 165 and 166:
wylis TiToeul tips Seesabameba Tavi
Page 167 and 168:
amdenadac esa Tu is mcenare Sedareb
Page 169 and 170:
unda iyos Seweuli erTimeoreSi, rom
Page 171 and 172:
Waobis rwyva warmoebs rogorc kolmat
Page 173 and 174:
drenirebuli iqneba am wyalgamtari S
Page 175 and 176:
qimiuri melioracia gulisxmobs niada
Page 177 and 178:
Tavi meoTxe 4.1 marcvlovani da teqn
Page 179 and 180:
or fazad aRebisas yana imkeba dabaz
Page 181 and 182:
Semdeg iwyeba saSemodgomo xorblisa
Page 183 and 184:
moWris simaRles (10-15sm) adgenen q
Page 185 and 186:
aRematebodes 14%, Sesanaxad Cayrili
Page 187 and 188:
iwvevs foTlebis dawvas da Camocvena
Page 189 and 190:
yvela TavTavian pureulebsa da sabur
Page 191 and 192:
sakidi mealafebi da misabmeli, rome
Page 193 and 194:
arsebobs fuCeCebisagan taroebis gas
Page 195 and 196:
gansakuTrebulad Sromatevadia Zirxve
Page 197 and 198:
satransportod amzadeben. suraTze 4.
Page 199 and 200:
simwifis ukanasknel fazaSi, roca mi
Page 201 and 202:
amJamad konstruqtorebis mier Seqmni
Page 203 and 204:
warmatebiT iyeneben. erTi aseTi man
Page 205 and 206:
mohyves didi danakargebi, magram mo
Page 207 and 208:
aris, am SemTxvevaSi marcvali cudad
Page 209 and 210:
gavleniT saxameblis raodenoba marcv
Page 211 and 212:
mindvris kulturebidan sakvebad gamo
Page 213 and 214:
erTad. gansakuTrebiT ki azotiT mdid
Page 215 and 216:
mimocvlis moSlas da acidozs, ris Se
Page 217 and 218:
mindvris da teqnikuri kulturebis te
Page 219 and 220:
procesis cvlilebebze, gardamqmnel x
Page 221 and 222:
dros fexebis travmireba; tansacmlis
Page 223 and 224:
saxnav traqtorebs unda hqondeT lian
Page 225 and 226:
Rrmulebi gadaifareba figuruli firfi
Page 227 and 228:
saerTo daniSnulebis traqtorebisa da
Page 229 and 230:
pesticidebis da mineraluri sasuqebi
Page 231 and 232:
mdinarisaTvis _ 20; 75km-mde sigrZi
Page 233 and 234:
unkeris dazianeba, an erT-erTi manq
Page 235 and 236:
5.5. sawyobebSi da sacavebSi usafrT
Page 237 and 238:
meqanizmebis uwesivrobis aRmoCenisa
Page 239 and 240:
nawildeba Semdeg fraqciebad: yvelaz
Page 241 and 242:
mkvlevarebis azriT es meTodi niadag
Page 243 and 244:
alto superi 250+80 g/l baileto ni 2
Page 245 and 246:
aqsili 60 g/l simindi buStara da mt
Page 247 and 248:
daubrundeba mosvenebis fazas. marcv
Page 249 and 250:
mindvruli aRmoceneba. rogori maRali
Page 251 and 252:
niSnavs maRalmosavliani saTesle mas
Page 253 and 254:
da jiSis biologiur Taviseburebebze
Page 255 and 256:
gransta ri diupon de nemuri falsami
Page 257 and 258:
kontrolis sadgurebi eqsportirebuli
Page 259 and 260:
tetrazolis 0,5% xsnari Teslis Canas
Page 261 and 262:
parkosnebi an sagvelasebrni (Fabace
Page 263 and 264:
6.7. marcvlovani da teqnikuri kultu
Page 265 and 266:
gansazRvrisaTvis sinjebi aiReba uSu
Page 267 and 268:
suraTi 6.6. komerciuli Teslis parti
Page 269 and 270:
S i n a a r s i Sesavali-----------
Page 271:
edaqtori n. doliZe ibeWdeba avtoris
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Korakhashvili, Memindvreoba - A4

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