loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis
loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis
loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis
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lebuli mdgomareoba yofila. rogorc amboben fizikosebi da minerolo-<br />
gebi, TiTqmis mTeli samyaro kristaluria. amitom kristaluri agebule-<br />
bis Seswavla kristalografiis, liTonebis fizikisa da liTonmcodneo-<br />
bis erT-erTi pirvelxarisxovani, umniSvnelovanesi mimarTulebaa.<br />
myari nivTiereba SeiZleba amorful mdgomareobaSic arsebobdes.<br />
sityvebi `kristaluri~ ∗ da `amorfuli~ berZnuli warmoSobisaa. pirveli<br />
maTgani niSnavs yinuls, xolo meore – uformos.<br />
myari sxeulis normaluri mdgomareoba kristaluria. kristali,<br />
upirveles yovlisa, aris nawilakebis (atomebis, ionebis, molekulebis)<br />
uzarmazari raodenobis Tavmoyris adgili. sakiTxis gamartivebis mizniT<br />
yoveli atomi SeiZleba umcires sferod warmovidginoT. sivrceSi atome-<br />
bis urTierTganlagebisa da maT Soris aRZruli bmis Zalebis specifiku-<br />
ri xasiaTi kristals nivTierebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel sruliad axal<br />
Tvisebebs aniWebs.<br />
kristalisaTvis damaxasiaTebel yvelaze mTavarsa da zogad Tavi-<br />
seburebas nawilakebis (atomebis, ionebis, molekulebis) regularuli, mo-<br />
wesrigebuli, sivrceSi usasrulod ganmeorebadi ganlageba warmoadgens.<br />
aseTi uzarmazari raodenobis nawilakebis kanonzomieri, mowesrigebuli<br />
ganlageba sivrceSi gamoxatulebas poulobs kristalis garegnul for-<br />
maSic – nawilakebze moqmedi Zalebi maT rac SeiZleba axlo manZilze<br />
afiqsirebs raRac swor, samganzomilebian mdgomareobaSi, rac warmosax-<br />
viT sivrciT kristalur gisoss warmoqmnis. sivrceSi sferoebis umWidro-<br />
esi ganlageba ki SesaZlobelia ganxorcieldes ori saxis geometriul<br />
figuraSi:<br />
1. kubSi, sadac atomebs dakavebuli eqnebaT adgilebi wveroebSi da<br />
waxnagebis diagonalebis gadakveTis wertilebSi. atomebis aseT wyobas<br />
kubur waxnagdacentrebuls (wdk) uwodeben (nax. 1, a);<br />
2. heqsagonur prizmaSi, sadac garda wveroebisa, TiTo atomi gan-<br />
lagebuli iqneba zeda da qveda waxnagebis diagonalebis gadakveTis wer-<br />
tilebSi, sami ki – zeda da qveda waxnagebs Soris. aseT kristalur gi-<br />
soss mWidro heqsagonuri (mh) ewodeba (b). orive saxis kristalur gisos-<br />
________________<br />
∗ sityva `kristali~ espanur enaSi aRniSnavs minas, Tumca mina kris-<br />
talur nivTierebas ar miekuTvneba<br />
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