andria pirvelwodebulis nakvalevze

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel 

eklesiasTan arsebuli qristianuli 

kvlevis 

saerTaSoriso centri 

andria pirvelwodebulis 

nakvalevze 

Tbilisi 

2009 

1

krebulSi ganTavsebulia àndria pirvelwodebulis 

gzis mkvlevi eqspediciis~ sruli angariSi da misi xelmZRvanelis, 

awgansvenebuli prof. devi berZeniSvilis bolo, 

gamouqveynebeli dRiuri, romelSic aisaxa V eqcpediciis 

winaswari Sedegebi: mogzauroba TurqeTsa da taoklarjeTSi. 

wigni gankuTvnilia saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriiT 

dainteresebuli mkiTxvelebisaTvis. 

redaqtori: akad. daviT musxeliSvili 

SeniSvnebi da komentarebi daurTo mixeil 

fxaWiaSvilma 

recenzenti: prof. aleqsandre dauSvili 

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: ana ruaZe 

mariam fxaWiaSvili 

2

eqspediciebis qronikebi 

3 

mixeil fxaWiaSvili 

qristeSobis 2000 wlis saiubileo TariRis aRniSvnas- 

Tan dakavSirebiT sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis, 

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-s 

locva-kurTxeviT da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis, 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos misiisa da evangelizaciis 

ganyofilebis xelmZRvanelis, meufe danielis TaosnobiT 

SemuSavda saiubileo programa, romelic iTvaliswinebda 

mTel rig misionerul da kulturulsaganmanaTleblo 

RoniZiebebs, gadawyda mowyobiliyo 

molocviTi mogzaurobebi qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblebis 

wm. andria pirvelwodebulis dasavleT saqarTveloSi, 

xolo wm. ninosi aRmisavleT saqarTveloSi. 

amave periodSi meufe danielTan movidnen batonebi 

Temur beriZe da givi bolqvaZe, romlebmac meufes 

SesTavazes saiubileo RonisZiebebis nusxaSi CarTuli 

yofiliyo samecniero eqspedicia, romelic Zvel 

werilobiT wyaroebze dayrdnobiT gamoikvlevda wm. 

andria mociqulis saqarTveloSi mosvlisa da samociqulo 

moRvaweobis marSruts. am mizniT Seiqmna 

jgufi, romelic daadgenda wm. andria pirvelwodebulisa 

da misi Tanxlebi mociqulebis mier ganvlil 

svlagezs. samuSaod jgufi ikribeboda feriscvalebis 

dedaTa monasterSi, darejanis sasaxleSi, kviraSi er- 

Txel; am SexvedrebSi monawileobdnen sasuliero pirebi, 

mecnierebi (istorikosebi, arqiologebi, eTnografebi, 

literatorebi, xelovnebaTmcodneebi da a.S) 

da sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi. am Sexvedra-dia-

logebs uwmindesisa da unetaresis locva-kurTxeviT 

xelmZRvanelobda meufe danieli. samwuxarod, saiubileo 

periodis ganmavlobaSi amis ganxorcieleba ver 

moxerxda. 

2001 wels sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, 

uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m saqarTvelos 

marlmadidebel samociqulo eklesiasTan daafuZna 

fondi “qristianuli kvlevis saerTaSoriso centri”, 

romelsac daeqvemdebara arsebuli samuSao jgufis 

bazaze Seqmnili samecniero eqspedicia – `wm. andria 

pirvelwodebulis gzis mkvlevi eqspedicia”. es samecniero 

eqspedicia Seiswavlida wm. andria pirvelwodebulis 

mier ganvlil gzas saqarTveloSi da mis farglebs 

gareT. 

samecniero eqspediciis wevrebma moiZies da Seiswavles 

wm. andria pirvelwodebulis samociqulo mogzaurobis 

Sesaxeb arsebuli werilobiTi wyaroebi da 

samecniero gamokvlevebi. gacnobili masalis (Sromebis) 

analizis safuZvelze devi berZeniSvilma, givi 

bolqvaZem da mixeil fxaWiaSvilma SeimuSaves samoqmedo 

gegma – savaraudo marSrutebi da maTi prioritetuloba. 

avirCieT mTavari mimarTulibebi: 

1. samxreT-dasavleTi saqarTveloSi – md-bis xaniswylis, 

qerSaveTis, Cxerimelas da saxvlaris xeobebis 

gavliT aWara-mesxeTis (fersaTis) qedze zekaris “rkinis 

jvris” da xaragaulis “rkinis jvris” uReltexilebis 

gavla, jgufs unda daeTvalierebina md. oZrxis 

wylis xeoba, kurorti abasTumani (ist. oZrxe), 

zadengora, sofeli andriawminda, awyuri md. qvablianis 

xeoba; aWaraSi – gonios (afsaris) cixe, md. aWariswylis 

xeoba, daba xulo, sofeli didaWara, mesxe- 

4

Tis da aWaris sasazRvro regionebi, aWara-mesxeTis 

(fersaTis) qedi, goderZis uReltexili; 

2. Crdilo-dasavleT saqarTveloSi afxazeTi, svaneTi, 

raWa, md-bis rionis, enguris, cxeniswylis, kodoris 

xeobebis saTaveebi da kavkasionis mTavar qedze gamavali 

uReltexilebi; 

3. dasavleT saqarTveloSi qalaqebi zugdidi, martvili, 

daba jvarzeni da Savi zRvis sanapiro zoli; 

4. daigegma mogzaurobebi andria pirvelwodebulis 

nakvalevze TurqeTSi, israelSi (wminda miwaze), saberZneTSi, 

siriaSi, ruseTsa da ukrainaSi. 

2001 wlis zafxulSi meufe danieli saeqspedicio 

jgufis wevrebTan erTad SevxvdiT bunebis dacvis 

msoflio fondis (WWF) saqarTvelos warmomadgenlobis 

direqciis wevrebs batonebs zaza gamcemliZes da 

kote jandiers da gavacaniT eqspediciis Sinaarsi da 

miznebi. gavacaniT, rom wm. mociqulis Sesaxeb arsebul 

wyaroebSi moxseniebuli marSrutis punqtebi _ 

zekari – “rkinis jvris” uReltexili da xaragaulis 

“rkinis jvari” mdebareobs WWF-is borjom-xaragaulis 

erovnuli parkSi, xolo gzebi, romlebiTac wm. 

andria pirvelwodebuli “qarTlis cxovrebis” mixedviT 

samcxeSi mosula aseve gadis parkis teritoriaze. 

aseTi Zveli istoriuli saqaravno gza aRniSnulia 

axali welTaRricxvis romaeli geografis kastoriusis 

Sedgenil rukaze, romelzec somxeTis qalaqi 

“artaSati” artaani-javaxeTi-samcxe – argveTaegrisiT 

ukavSirdebada ”sebatopolis” (soxums). mere 

ki vTxoveT daxmareba proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi. 

WWF-is direqcia gulisyuriT moekida Cvens Txovnas. 

5

daiwyo mzadeba samecniero mogzaurobisaTvis da saeqspedicio 

jgufis dakompleqteba. 

Tavdapirvelad saeqspedicio jgufSi Sedioda xuTi 

kaci: samecniero xelmZRvaneli istoriul mecniereba- 

Ta doqtori devi berZeniSvili, “qristianuli kvlevis 

saerTaSoriso centris” da eqspediciis moZRvari, 

Tbilisis wm. ilia marTlis taZris winamZRvari, dekanozi 

basili (JorJikaSvili), “qristianuli kvlevis 

saerTaSoriso centris” koordinatori mixeil fxaWiaSvili, 

istoriul mecnierebaTa kandidati, arqeologi 

givi bolqvaZe, mwerali kote jandieri da operatori 

levan pataraia. saeqspedicio jgufis Semadgenloba 

garkveul etapebze icvlebida; mas SeuerTdnen 

istoriul mecnierebaTa doqtori eldar bubulaSvili 

(II eqspediciidan bolomde), xelovnebaTmcodneobis 

kandidati nikoloz vaCeiSvili (II eqspedicia), 

alpinisti Tamaz SaraSeniZe (III eqspediciidan bolomde), 

fotoJurnalisti giorgi fxaWiaSvili (III da IV 

eqspedicia). sxvadasxva dros eqspediciaSi monawileobdnen: 

arqimandriti andria (kbilaSvili), dekanozi 

miriani (samxaraZe), respublikis samaSvelo centri 

“sanTelis” prezidenti, alpinisti giorgi berZeniSvili, 

WWF-is TanamSromlebi iase cincaZe da avTandil 

lursmanaSvili. 

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, eqspediciis mTavari mizani 

iyo da aris im savaraudo marSrutis dadgena, romelic 

samociqulo qadagebiT gaiara wm. andria pirvelwodebulma 

sxva mociqulebTan da mowafeebTan erTad. 

am samecniero mogzaurobis mizania agreTve eqspediciis 

Sedegad mopovebuli masalis analizi da Semdgom 

misi farTo sazogadoebisaTvis gacnoba samecniero 

publikaciebiT, bukletebiT, fotoalbomebiTa da 

6

samecniero-dokumentaluri filmis saSualebiT. amitomac 

eqspediciaSi Tavidanve CarTuli iyo operatori 

– levan pataraia, romelic kuratorobda videogadaRebas. 

man I da II mogzaurobaSi uSualod miiRo monawileoba, 

III da IV-Si ki Tavis Semcvlelebad gamogvigzana 

operatorebi paata keresiliZe (III eqspedicia) 

da jaba kldiaSvili (IV eqspedicia). rac Seexeba V 

mogzaurobas, romelic Sedga TurqeTis teritoriaze 

da miznad isaxavda, garda proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli 

mTavari amocanisa, TurqeTis qarTuli regionebis 

kompleqsur Seswavlasa da maT dokumentalur videogada-Rebebs, 

amitomac saeqspedicio jgufSi SeviyvneT 

reJisori kaxaber imnaiSvili, operatori daviT asaTiani 

da Tarjimani da megzuri TurqeTis moqalaqe, 

qarTuli warmoSobis, daud xakan berki, romelmac itvirTa 

ZiriTadi mZRolis movaleobac. 

Cveni eqspediciebis Sedegebis analizma dagvarwmuna, 

rom wm. andria pirvelwodebulis saqarTveloSi mogzaurobis 

Sesaxeb arsebul ucxour da qarTul wyaroebSi 

moxseniebuli gadmocemebi, marSrutebi da toponimika 

da Cvens mier ganvlili marSrutebi, am gzebze 

arsebuli Tu Cvensmier moZiebuli punqtebis Zveli 

Tu Tanamedrove dasaxelebebi xSirad erTmaneTs em- 

Txveva. amis Sesaxeb SemdgomSi devi berZeniSvilma 

asaxa Tavis publikaciebSi. 

I eqspedicia 

2001 wlis 4-10 oqtombers saqarTvelos marTmadidebel 

samociqulo eklesiasTan arsebuli fondis 

“qristianuli kvlevis saerTaSoriso centris” organozebiT 

gaimarTa pirveli eqspedicia wm. andria pirvelwodebulis 

nakvalevze, romlis sponsori gax- 

7

ldaT WWF-i. eqspediciaSi monawileobdnen samecniero 

xelmZRvaneli, istorikosi devi berZeniSvili, dekanozi 

basili (JorJikaSvili), koordinatori mixeil 

fxaWiaSvili, arqeologi givi bolqvaZe, WWF-is warmomadgenlebi 

– mwerali kote jandieri, operatori 

levan pataraia da iase cincaZe, alpinisti giorgi 

berZeniSvili, mZRoli malxaz caciaSvili. kote jandierma 

Tavidan ver SeZlo wamosvla, magram boloSi 

SemogvierTda. jgufs baRdaTSi SemouerTda da megzuroba 

gauwia baRdaTis eTnografiuli muzeumis xelmZRvanelma 

– elguja yuraSvilma, eqspediciaSi monawileobdnen 

borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis TanamSromlebi: 

iuza vefxvaZe, alima da karlo msxvili- 

Zeebi da sxvebi. 

eqspediciis dawyebis win, 3 oqtombers, jgufi sapatriarqoSi 

migviRo sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqma, 

mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposma ilia II, mas mivawodeT 

informacia mogzaurobis Sesaxeb, Semdeg mamaSvilurad 

dagvariga da dagvloca. gamomSvidobisas 

Cven sapativisacemod moiwvia mgaloblebi da qarTuli 

galobiT gamogvacila. sapatriarqodan Cven gavemgzavreT 

mcxeTaSi, sadac sveticxovlis sakaTedro ta- 

ZarSi mama basilma gadaixada mgzavrobis paraklisi. 

I eqspediciis svlagezi (marSruti) aseTi iyo: Tbilisidan 

gavemgzavreT geguTSi (quTaisSi); geguTidan 

varcixis gavliT baRdaTSi CavediT; baRdaTidan avuyeviT 

md. xaniswylis xeobas, gaviareT wyalTaSua, kakasxidi 

da avediT sofel xanSi; xanidan CamovediT 

isev kakasxidTan. aq SevicvaleT manqana, gadavsxediT 

orxidian avtomanqanaSi da avuyeviT md. qerSaveTis 

xeobas, gaviareT kurorti zekari, venaxWala, qerSave- 

Ti da salaSqro; salaSqrodan faxiT SevuyeviT uRe- 

8

texilisaken mimaval gzas (biliks) da avediT aWaramesxeTis 

(fersaTis) wyalgamyof qedze – “rkinis 

jvris” (zekaris) gadsasvlelze, uReltexilidan 

WWF-is manqaniT daveSviT samxreTisaken (mesxeTisaken), 

gza miuyveboda md. oZrxis wylis xeobas, gavCerdiT 

kurort abasTumanSi, sanatorium “arazindoSi”, 

sadac davisveneT; abasTumnidan CavediT WuleSi; Wuledan 

SemovbrundiT ukan gaviareT da davaTvaliereT 

zadengora; ganzraxuli gvqonda avsuliyaviT safaris 

monasterSi da iqidan gadavsuliyaviT sofel 

andriawmindaSi, magram uamindobam xeli SegviSala; 

axalcixis gavliT awyurSi ganaTlebis saministros 

banakSi gavCerdiT da davisveneT; awyuridan borjomis 

gavliT davbrundiT TbilisSi. 

geguTidan zemoT aRniSnuli marSrutiT mogzaurobisas 

davaTvaliereT varcixeSi saintereso rodopolisis-varcixis 

cixe, rokiTis eklesia, dimis cixis adgilmdebareoba, 

wiTelxevSi deviZeebis ubnis wm. giorgis 

eklesia, kedlis mxatvrobis saintereso fragmentebiT, 

fersaTis eklesia da aqve salxinos (Subani) 

XII-XIII ss. eklesia, wyalTaSuas (koriSi) wm. ninos eklesia, 

sofel alismereTis eklesiis nangrevebi, md. 

xaniswyalze Zveli xidis burji, kakasxididan gzis 

Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT, uRran tyaSi, adgil berieTSi, 

daaxloebiT XIV saukunis eklesia, gareTa fasadze 

saintereso warweriTa da cxovelebis figurebiT, romelic 

devi berZeniSvilma gadmoiRo pergamentze; sofel 

xanSi vnaxeT ori eklesia, erT-erTi ufro adrindeli, 

Tormeti mociqulis saxelobis, rogorc 

Cans ufro Zveli eklesiis nangrevebze agebuli (devi 

berZeniSvilis SefasebiT, daaxloebiT X saukunisa); 

kakasxididan kurort zekarisa da venaxWalas monakveTze 

batonma elguja yuraSvilma gvaCvena “Tamar me- 

9

fis gzad” wodebuli Zveli “qvafenili” da bolos 

“rkinis jvris”-zekaris uReltexilis aRmarTze vnaxeT 

adgili salaSqro. devi berZeniSvilma gviambo istoriuli 

gadmocema, rom cotne dadians koxtas cixis 

Sekrebidan egrisisaken mimaval gzaze am adgilas 

daewien da Seatyobines SeTqmulebis datyvevebis ambavi 

da wm. cotne erisTavi aqedan ukan mibrunda Tavis 

megobrebTan; zekaris gadasavlelze aRmarTul rkinis 

jvarTan mama basilma gadaixada wm. andriapirvelwodebulis 

mcire paraklisi. abasTumanSi davaTvaliereT 

oZrxis qveda da zeda cixe, cixis ZirSi SemorCenili 

md. oZrxis wylis Senakadis kurcxanis marjvena 

sanapiroze SemorCenili monastris nangrevi da iqve 

md. oZrxis wyalze Semonaxuli qvis TaRovani xidi, 

moviloceT abasTumnis taZari “axali zarzma” rusi 

fermweris m. nesterovis moxatuli freskebiT, wm. giorgis 

VIII-XII ss. Zveli eklesia; Wules monasterSi 

SevxvdiT da vesaubreT monasteris iRumens – stefane 

kalaijiSvils (amJamad cagerisa da lentexis episkoposi), 

romelmac gviambo mis mier mowyobili mogzaurobis 

Sesaxeb. man gaiara wm. andria pirvelwodebulis 

gzis savaraudo monakveTi awyuridan xaragaulis 

“rkinis jvrisaken”; awyurSi davaTvaliereT awyuris 

cixe, awyuris RvTismSoblis cnobili taZris nangrevebi, 

saqrisis veli, romlebic dakavSirebulebulia 

wyaroebSi gadmocemuli wm. andria pirvelwodebulis 

samociqulo mogzaurobasTan saqarTveloSi; borjomisaken 

mimaval gzaze davaTvaliereT taZrisisa (kvirikes) 

da mwvane monastrebi, slesis cixe. aRsaniSnavia 

agreTve devis monaTxrobi taZrisis monasterze, 

sadac 7 wlis asakdan izrdebodnen da swavlobdnen 

cnobili qarTveli Teologi, sasuliero da saero 

moRvawe wm. giorgi mTawmindeli da misi da Tekla. 

10

orjomSi WWF-is borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis 

xelmZRvanelobam, b-ni zviad gociriZis xelmZRvanelobiT 

mogviwyo Tbili miReba, davaTvaliereT 

erovnuli parkis muzeumi, Sedga preskonferencia 

JurnalistebTan da sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebTan, 

sadac gaimarTa gulTbili dialogi eqspediciis ganvlili 

dReebis Sesaxeb, gvian RamiT davbrundiT TbilisSi. 

mogzaurobisas didi siTboTi da siyvaruliT migvi- 

Res da dagvloces baRdadisa da vanis mTavarepiskoposma 

antonma (buluxia), axalcixisa da tao-klaje- 

Tis mitropolitma Teodorem da borjomisa da bakurianis 

mTavarepiskoposma serafimem. 

II eqspedicia 

2002 wlis 15–19 seqtembers saqarTvelos marTmadidebel 

samociqulo eklesiasTan arsebuli fondis 

“qristianuli kvlevis saerTaSoriso centris” da bunebis 

dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF) saqarTvelos 

warmomadgenlobis organizebiT gaimarTa meore eqspedicia 

wm. andria pirvelwodebulis nakvalevze, romlic 

aseve daafinansa WWF-ma. eqspediciaSi monawileobdnen: 

samecniero xelmZRvaneli, istorikosi devi 

berZeniSvili, dekanozi basili (JorJikaSvili), koordinatori 

mixeil fxaWiaSvili, arqeologi givi bolqvaZe, 

WWF-is warmomadgenlebi – mwerali kote jandieri, 

istorikosi eldar bubulaSvili (romelic 

SemdgomSi ukve eqspediciis wevri gaxda), operatori 

levan pataraia, avTandil lursmanaSvili, alpinisti 

giorgi berZeniSvili, mZRoli malxaz caciaSvili, 

borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parkis TanamSromlebi. 

11

eqspediciis marSruti aseTi iyo: Tbilisidan gavemgzavreT 

xaragaulSi, xaragaulSi borjom-xaragaulis 

erovnuli parkis warmomadgenlobaSi misi xelmRvanelis 

tariel xijagaZis TaosnobiT Sedga mcire TaTbiri, 

romelzec davazusteT marSrutTan dakavSrebuli 

sakiTxebi, aqve gadavsxediT orxidian manqanebSi, 

avyeviT md. Cxerimelas xeobas, gadavuxvieT, samxre- 

TiT, sofel marelisTan avuyeviT md. bJolis wylis 

xeobas, Semdeg md. saxvlaris xeobiT avediT da davisveneT 

erovnuli parkis saxvlaris kotejSi; davaTvaliereT 

didi saxvlaris Semogareni da avediT “rkinis 

jvarze” (xaragaulis “rkinis jvari”). saRamos mivediT 

erovnuli parkis samecxvarios kotejSi; samecxvariodan 

daveSviT samcxisaken da saTanjos (satanjo) 

gzis gavliT fexiT CavediT amaratSi, erovnuli 

parkis kotejSi; amaratidan jer bagebis Reles da 

Semdeg abanos Reles gayolebiT, wvimaSi, fexiT, 5 saaTiani 

damqancveli mogzaurobis Semdeg CavediT awyurSi, 

ganaTlebis saministros banakSi; awyuridan 

WWF-is manqaniT borjomis gavliT davbrundiT TbilisSi. 

II eqspediciiT mogzaurobisas davaTvaliereT, avzomeT 

da gadaviReT aRniSnul marSrutze manamade Seuswavleli 

eklesia-monastrebi da safortifikacio nagebobebi, 

romelTaganac yuradRebas ipyrobs sofel 

SerTulTan mdebare “wiflaris salocavi” (eklesiis 

nangrevi), romelic, savaraudod, XIV-XV ss-iT SeiZleba 

daTariRdes; Cveni yuradReba miipyro saxvlaris 

zurgiani koSkis nangrevebma da gviani Suasaukuneebis 

miwaSi Camjdarma eklesiis narCenebma, aqve davaTvalireT 

adgili _ naqalaqari; gansakuTrebuli STabeWdileba 

datova samecxvarios mTidan samxreT-aRmosavleT, 

mTis ZirSi, uRran tyeSi, adgil tbebis maxlob- 

12

lad “leRvanis” didi zomis darbazulma eklesiam, 

samonastro kompleqsis Senoba-nagebobebma da calke 

mdgomma akldamebma. devi berZeniSvilis azriT, am 

mozrdil monasters borjomis xeobis samonastro 

centrebTan bevri ram aqvs saerTo da albaT IX-X ssiT 

unda daTariRdes; mTa “rkinis jvarze” aRmarTul 

did jvarTan mama basilma gadaixada wm. andriapirvelwodebulis 

mcire paraklisi; espediciis wevrebi 

avidnen samecxvarios mTaze, aqedanve gadaviReT cnobili 

“lomisis mTa” da mesxeTisa da zemo imereTis 

lamazi xedebi; awyuridan gaviareT borjomSi, sadac 

iseve, rogorc wina eqspediciaSi, didi yuradRebiTa 

da pativiscemiT migviRo borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli 

parkis direqciam. 

eqspedicia, miuxedavad imisa, rom xanmokle iyo, sakmaod 

mZime da damRleli gamodga, rasac ganapirobebda 

cudi, wvimiani amindebi, gansakuTrebiT ki is faTerakebi, 

romlebic gadagvxda mogzaurobis pirvelive 

dRes, rodesac “vilisebiT” mivemgzavrebodiT sofel 

SerTulis eklesiis sanaxavad, TeTra Reles xeobis 

damrec, viwro da talaxian monakveTze Cveni “vilisi”, 

romelSic visxediT devi berZeniSvili, givi bolqvaZe, 

nika vaCeiSvili da mixeil fxaWiaSvili, ver avida, 

dagorda, amotrialda, gaakeTa ori yira da gadaekida 

xeobis damrec napirze, sabednierod, xevis Tavze SegvaCera 

da dagviWira momcro xem da gadavrCiT; “rkinis 

jvris” midamoebSi gafuWda meore manqana da 

msvleloba gavagrZeleT fexiT; eqspediciis bolos 

amaratSi, amogvakiTxa samxidianma didma manqanam, romelsac 

unda CaveyvaneT awyurSi. gasvlis win mZRols 

daugorda manqana da rom ara didi fiWvis xeebi, gadaiCexeboda 

kanionSi; mogviwia 30-35 kilometris gavla, 

viwro bagebisa da abanos Releebis xeobaSi, Weqa- 

13

quxilSi, qariSxalSi da setyvaSi, axlos mexic ki Camovarda, 

4-5 saaTis siarulis Semdeg, sruliad svelebma 

mivaRwieT awyurSi. am faqtebis Semdeg devi 

xumrobda: wm. andriapirvelwodebulma gviTxra, am 

gzaze ar gamivliao! sasuliero pirebis azriT, aseTi 

mZime, dabrkolebebiTa da faTerakebiT aRsavse iyo 

TviT wm. mociqulis mier ganvlili samociqulo gza 

da Cveni gansacdelebi am gzis mistikuri mxarea. 

III eqspedicia 

mTeli 2004 weli saqarTvelo aRniSnavda saqarTvelo- 

Si qristianobis gavrcelebis 20 saukunis iubiles. 

saqarTvelos marTmadidebel samociqulo eklesias- 

Tan arsebuli fondis “qristianuli kvlevis saerTa- 

Soriso centris” wm. andria pirvelwodebulis mesame 

mogzaurobac Sedioda im sazeimo RoniZiebebis nusxa- 

Si, romlebic mieZRvna am didebul TariRs. Cvenma saeqspedicio 

jgufma miiRo saxelmwifo granti III eqspediciis 

Casatareblad, romelic Sedga 2004 wlis 22 

– 28 oqtobers da romlis mimarTulebad aviCieT aWara, 

saidanac Semovida saqarTveloSi wm. andria pirvelwodebuli 

da sadac daarsa man pirveli eklesia. 

eqspediciaSi monawileobdnen misi wevrebi: samecniero 

xelmZRvaneli, istorikosi devi berZeniSvili, dekanozi 

basili (JorJikaSvili), koordinatori da teqnikuri 

direqtori mixeil fxaWiaSvili, arqeologi givi 

bolqvaZe, istorikosi eldar bubulaSvili, alpinisti 

Tamaz SaraSeniZe, foto-Jurnalisti giorgi fxaWiaSvili 

da operatori paata kereseliZe, mZRoli 

elizbar gogolaZe (Tavisi kuTvnili mikroavtobusiT), 

jgufs baTumSi SemouerTda da pirveli ori 

dRe megzuroba gauwia baTumis universitetis profesorma 

istorikosma biWiko diasamiZem, xuloSi Tbi- 

14

lad migviRo, gvimaspinZla da megzuroba gagviwia dekanozma 

mirian (samxaraZem). 


baTumSi, movewyveT sastumro “sputnikSi” da 

davisveneT; baTumidan wavediT gonioSi, sadac davaTvaliereT 

da gadaviReT afsarosis (gonios) cixe da 

davbrundiT ukan; dilidan baTumSi davaTvaliereT 

aWaris mxareTmcodneobis muzeumi da baTumis universiteti; 

baTumidan avuyeviT aWaris wylis xeobis, gaviareT 

qeda, Suaxevi moviloceT sxalTis monasteri 

da gvian RamiT CavediT xuloSi; xulos daTvalierebisa 

da taZris molocvis Semdeg avuyeviT isev aWaris 

wyals sof. didaWaramde; didaWarisa da misi Semogarenis 

daTvalirebisa da gadaRebis Semdeg davbrundiT 

xuloSi; amindis gauresebis gamo aWaraSi eqspediciis 

garZeleba SeuZlebeli gaxda da xulodan sofel 

dioknisis gavliT gavemgzavreT gaderZis gadasavlelisaken; 

uReltexilidan daveSviviT samcxeSi 

da RamiT CavediT axalcixeSi; axalcixidan avediT 

“rkinis jvris”, zekaris uReltexilze, davaTvaliereT 

zadengora, sofeli andriawminda da davbrundiT 

TbilisSi. 

III eqspediciiT mogzaurobisas gonioSi davaTvaliereT, 

SeviswavleT da gadaviReT uZvelesi _ gonios 

(afsarosis) cixe Tavisi uZvelesi safortifikacio da 

sakulto nagebobebiT, sadac Cveni welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi 

ganTavsebuli iyo romauli samxedro garnizoni 

da, rac mTavaria, romelic dakavSirebulia wm. 

mociquli andrias saqarTveloSi SemosvlasTan, vnaxeT 

da moviloceT andria pirvelwodebulis Tanamgzavris, 

wm. mociquli mataTas saflavi. qarTuli eklesiis 

tradiciiT, swored gonios cixis teritoria- 

15

zea dakrZaluli wm. mociquli. cixis mTel perimetrze 

mimdinare CvenTvis metad saintereso arqeologiuri 

gaTxrebis Sesaxeb gvesaubrnen baTumis universitetisa 

da arqeologiuri muzeumis mecnier TanaSrolebi, 

davaTvalireT aWaris saxelmwifo muzeumi da 

iq gamofenili CvenTvis metad saintereso eqsponatebi; 

baTumidan xulos gzaze md. aWaris wylis marcxena 

sanapiroze gadaviReT Wyvintas cixe, furnas TaRovani 

xidi md. aWaris wyalze; gadavediT mdinaris marcxena 

napirze da avuyeviT md. sxalTis wyals sxalTmde, sadac 

davaTvalireT selim ximSiaSvilis saxl-muzeumi, 

Semdeg sxalTis monastris taZarSi mama basilma gadaixada 

mcire paraklisi da gavemgzareT xuloSi, sadac 

gvian CavediT; xuloSi mama mirianis megzurobiT 

moviloceT xulos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis eklesia 

da davaTvalireT adgilobrivi RirsSesanisnaobebi; 

Cveni yuradReba gansakuTrebiT mipyrobili iyo 

sofeli didaWarisaken, sadac, gadmocemiT, mdebareobda 

wm. mociqulis mier daarsebuli pirveli taZari 

da sadac axla aris misi saxelobis niSi. pirvel 

rigSi, avediT swore im borcvze, e.w. “nakafis serze”, 

romelic soflis centridan Crdilo-dasavleTiT 

mdebareobs da romelsac adgilobrivi mosaxleoba 

“Tarangels” (mTavarangelozi) uwodebs, sadac werilobiTi 

wyaroebisa da zepirsityvieri gadmocemebis 

mixedviT navarudevi iyo andria pirvelwodebulis 

aSenebuli eklesiis arseboba. gadaviReT zemoT aRniSnuli 

mociqulis salocavi-niSi, mamebma mirianma 

da basilma gadaixades wm. andria pirvelwodebulisadmi 

miZRvnili paraklisi; didaWarSi SevxvdiT da 

gavesaubreT moxucebul ezi melaZes da rostom wulaZes, 

romlebmac gviambes, rom soflis da mdinaris 

saxeli, savaraudod, “dedoaWaridan” modis, rom ub- 

16

nebs dRemde SemorCa qristianuli msaxurebisaTvis 

damaxasieTebeli saxelwodebebi da gadmocemebi (“Tarangilis” 

borcvi, “nakafis serze” qalebis mier san- 

Tlebis danTeba, galoba, kvrcxis SeRebva, wminda wyaro, 

romelzec mikareba ar SeiZleba, kvirikobas rom 

musulmanebic aRniSnaven da a. S.), dafiqsirda toponomebi 

(xucuri, ekliyana, eliawminda). maT axsovT sofelSi 

materialuri kulturis Zeglebis nakvalevi 

(eklesiis nangrevebis fragmentebi _ gaTlili qvebis 

kvadrebisa da naeklesiaris qvitkiris naSTis saxiT, 

qvis jvari). maTgan gavigeT, rom adgil “xucursa” da 

“ekliyanis” (eklesiis yana) midamoebSi, gzispiras yofila 

eklesia (qilisa), iqve Zveli qristianuli saflavebi. 

CaviwereT sofelSi gavrcelebuli gvarebi 

(SavaZe, wulukiZe, bolqvaZe, xozrevaniZe, dimitraZe, 

obaZe); CaviniSneT didaWaris ubnebisa da Semogarenis 

_ mTebis (serebis), saxnav-saTibi miwebis, wyaroebis 

toponimika. 

soflidan kargad Cans is gzebi, romlebiTac SeiZleba 

samcxeSi gadasvla, erTia goderZis uReltexilis 

mimarTuleba, xolo meore iremaZeebi-sacixuri-agara- 

Rorjomo-qvabisjvari-kikibo-derceli da zekar-“rkinis 

jvari”; Cven es meore savaraudo marSruti CaviniSneT, 

momavali wlisaTvis, radganac, rogorc adgilobrivebma 

gviTxres, mTaSi Tovlis gamo gzebi gafuWda 

da maT gavlas III eqspediciaSi ver SevZlebdiT; 

gvian RamiT daRlilebi davbrundiT xuloSi. meore 

diliT daviZariT goderZis uReltexilisaken, 

gzad gaviareT dioknisi, sadac cota xniT SavisveneT; 

uReltexilze Tovli dagvxvda, Rame axalcixis sastumroSi 

davrCiT; meore dRes, axla ukve samcxedan 

avediT “rkinis jvarze”. mSvenieri dRe dadga da yvelaferi 

Canda kavkasionidan TurqeTamde, jvari yvela- 

17

ze maRal mTazea aRmarTuli, Zveli jvari ufro samxreT-aRmosavleTiT 

“gormaRalze” mdgara, iq adreve 

yofila misi safuZveli, masTan fexiT misvla ver Sev- 

ZeliT, gadavdeT momavali wlisaTvis; mwvervalze 

didxans gavCerdiT, gadaviReT cixisjvris cixe, mas- 

Tan mimavali gzebiT; jvarTan mama basilma gadaixada 

paraklisi; saRamos, Sebindebisas, avediT zadengoraze, 

veraferi ver gadaviReT da davbrundiT axalcixe- 

Si; diliT isev avediT zadengoraze. aq axla telean- 

Za daudgamT, misi dadgmisas unaxavT samarxebi areuli 

ZvlebiT. es mniSvnelovani punqtia brinjaos xanidan 

da, rac CvenTvis yvelaze metad sayuradReboa, 

ukavSirdeba wm. andria mociqulis mier aq moxdenil 

saswauls, kerpebis damxobas. vnaxeT nasaxlarebi, Zveli 

gvirabi, albaT daranSi mimavali. gadaviReT qvis 

lodSi amoWrili karis anjama, damSrali wyaro; zadengoradan 

md. uravelis marcxena sanapiroze mdebare 

sofel andriawmindaSi gavemgzavreT. vnaxeT da gadaviReT 

X s-is darbazuli eklesia, romelic wm. mocuqulis 

saxelzea nakurTxi. sofelSi SevxvdiT da 

vesaubreT 81 wlis metad sasiamovno moxucebuls – 

giorgi inasariZes. misi monaTxrobiT, zadengoridan 

andria pirvelwodebulma gamotopa md. focxovi da am 

sofelSi movida, Semdeg kvalTaxevisa da orfolas 

gavliT, awyurSi misula. batonma giorgim mogviyva 

zepirstyvieri gadmocemebi im saswaulebis Sesaxeb, 

romlebic wm. mociqulma moaxdina: 1. dabadebiT usinaTlo 

qalisSvils Tvali auxila, 2. mociquli dau- 

WeriaT, uwamebiaT, Semdeg ormoSi CaugdiaT da ormos- 

Tvis saqonlis tyavi gadaufarebiaT, saidanac naTeli 

amosula, ramac aiZula aqauri beladi gaeTavisuflebina 

mociquli, 3. pitalo kldes kverTxi dahkra da 

wyaro gamoadina, romelsac dResac andrias wyaros 

18

uwodeben, sofeli andriobis dResaswauls ixdis didi 

marxvis me-5 xuTSabaTs, rac, albaT, dakavSirebulia 

saqarTveloSi misi Semosvlis dResTan. amis Semdeg 

gavemgzavreT TbilisSi, sadac gvian RamiT CavediT. 

III mogzaurobaSi ver moxerxda eqspediciiT gaTvaliswinebuli 

marSrutis srulyofilad gavla, ver gaviareT 

didaWara-zekaris zemoT aRniSnuli monakveTi, 

xeli SegviSala zamTris moaxloebam da mTaSi Tovlis 

mosvlam, amitom ukve maSin davgegmeT Semdegi eqspediciis 

savaraudo svla gezi _ aWara-samcxe-imereTi. 

mogzaurobis pirvel dRes SevxvdiT baTumisa da 

sxalTis (amJamad baTumis da qobuleTis) mitropolits 

dimitris, romelmac didi siTboTi da siyvaruliT 

migviRo da dagvloca. eqspedicias aWaris umaRles 

sabWoSi Sexvedra mogviwyo aWaris umaRlesi sab- 

Wos Tavmjdomarem batonma mixeil maxaraZem, Sexvedras 

eswrebodnen batonebi maTe takiZe (amJamad aWaris 

ganaTlebis, kulturisa da sportis ministri) da 

profesori biWiko diasamiZe. aRsaniSnavia batoni ma- 

Tes didi yuradReba Cveni eqspediciisadmi. is gvian 

RamiT dagvxda, mogvawyo sastumroSi da mTeli eqspediciis 

ganmavlobaSi gvexmareboda sxvadasxva saorganizacio 

sakiTxis gadawyveta-mogvarebaSi. 

2004 wlis 24-25 noembers saqarTvelos sapatriarqos, 

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis, ivane javaxiSvilis 

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis 

da klasikuri filologiis, bizantinistikis da neogrecistikis 

institutis TaosnobiT ivane javaxiSvilis 

saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi 

Catarda saerTaSoriso samecniero simpoziumi “qris- 

19

tianobis 20 saukune saqarTveloSi”, sadac devi berZeniSvilma 

waikiTxa moxseneba _ “wminda andria mociqulis 

nakvalevi saqarTveloSi”, romelSic Seajama pirveli 

sami eqpediciis Sualeduri Sedegebi. winamdebare 

wignSi ganmeorebiT vaqveynebT am samecniero naSroms. 

2005 wlis 29 ianvars batoni vaxtang liCelis (arqeologiuri 

kvlevis centris samecniero eqspediciis 

xelmZRvaneli, profesori) TaosnobiT daba awyurSi 

moewyo samecniero Sexvedra, romelic mieZRvna problemas: 

àrqeologia da religia Savi zRvis region- 

Si”. Sexvedraze miwveulebi viyaviT batoni n. vaCeiSvili 

(kulturis ministris moadgile), batoni g. grigolia 

(saxelmwifo universitetis profesori), qalbatoni 

n. RambaSiZe (istoriisa da eTnologiis institutis 

ufr. mecnier TanaSromeli) da wm. andria pirvelwodebulis 

gzis mkvlevi samecniero eqspediciis wevrebi 

– batoni d. berZeniSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT. 

Sexvedras ver daeswro batoni n. vaCeiSvili. batonma 

v. liCelma dagvaTvalierebina awyuris naqalaqaris 

arqeologiuri gaTxrebi. vnaxeT Zveli eklesiis nakvalevi 

da SesaniSnavi, axali taZris nangrevebi. jgufis 

wevrebi avediT da gadaviReT awyuris cixe. dRis meore 

naxevarSi gaimarTa samecniero Sexvedra. moxsenebebi 

waikiTxes: v. liCelma – wm. andria samcxeSi, d. 

berZeniSvilma – wm. andria pirvelwodebulis gzebi 

saqarTveloSi, n. RambaSiZem – wm. andria mociquli – 

eTnologiuri xedva, g. grigoliam – wm. andria pirvelwodebuli 

da xalxuri tradicia. moxsenebebis 

Semdeg gaimaTa diskusia, rasac mohyva gulTbili vax- 

Sami. gvian RamiT davbrundiT TbilisSi. 

20

IV eqspedicia 

rogorc mogaxseneT, III mogzaurobaSi ver moxerxda 

eqspediciiT gaTvaliswinebuli marSrutis srulyofilad 

gavla. amis gamo IV eqspediciis marSruti daaxloebiT 

imeorebda wina mogzaurobis svlagezs mcire 

damatebebiT. imave mizezis gamo wina eqspediciis CatarebisaTvis 

miRebuli saxelmwifo grantidan dagvrCa 

auTvisebeli Tanxa, romelsac daemata kerZo Semowirulobebi, 

riTac dafinansda ukve IV mogzauroba. Cveni 

eqspediciis sponsorebi iyvnen: daTo Sengelia, zurab 

odilavaZe, Temur beriSvili, besarion beriZe, av- 

Tandil mWedliani, kaxa CiqviniZe, daviT oZelaSvili, 

daviT kakabaZe, Temur kapanaZe, malxaz niqabaZe. eqspedicia 

Sedga 2005 wlis 20 – 27 seqtembers da monawileobdnen: 

samecniero xelmZRvaneli, istorikosi devi 

berZeniSvili, jixeTis dedaTa monastris winamZRvari 

arqimandriti andria (kbilaSvili), koordinatori da 

teqnikuri direqtori mixeil fxaWiaSvili, arqeologi 

givi bolqvaZe, istorikosi eldar bubulaSvili, alpinisti 

Tamaz SaraSeniZe, fotoJurnalisti giorgi 

fxaWiaSvili da operatori jaba kldiaSvili, mZRoli 

elizbar gogolaZe (Tavisi kuTvnili mikroavtobusiT). 

mogzaurobaSi monawileoba ver SeZlo eqspediciis 

moZRvarma dekanozma basil (JorJikaSvilma). Cven 

vTxoveT mama andrias (kbilaSvils), romelic siamovnebiT 

dagveTanxma da Zalin didi daxmareba gagviwia, 

rogorc moZRvarma da organizatorma mTeli rigi 

problemebis (sakiTxebis) mogvareba-gadawyvetaSi. xuloSi 

isev, rogorc adre, Tbilad migviRo, gvimaspin- 

Zla da megzuroba gagviwia dekanozma mirian (samxara- 

Zem), sofel sacixurSi Cveuli qarTuli stumarmaspin- 

ZlobiT dagvxvda da Tavis saxlSi dagvabinava batonma 

SoTa SavaZem. is ori dRis ganmavlobaSi gviwevda 

21

kvalificirebul megzurobas, gvawvdida Cveni eqspediciisaTvis 

metad saWiro informacias adgilobr toponimikaze 

da tradiciebze, gvexmareboda mTeli rigi 

saorganizacio sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi. 


guriaSi, jixeTis dedaTa monasterSi, sadac 

Tbilad mogviRo mama andriam; monastridan gavemgzavreT 

martvilSi, saidanac movbrundiT isev guriaSi, 

xrianeTSi, sofel oxojurSi, iqidan kurort boboyva- 

Tis gavliT RamiT CavediT baTumSi; baTumidan kidev 

erTxel movinaxuleT gonios (afsarosis) cixeSi wm. 

mociquli mataTas saflavi da gvian RamiT CavediT 

xuloSi; xulodan avediT didaWaraSi; didaWariden 

avuyeviT jer md. Rorjomis wyals da Semdeg md. naflatis 

wyals da mivediT sofel sacixurSi; sacixuris, 

Rorjomis, vanaZeebis da agaris regionebis daTvalierebis 

Semdeg, sacixuri-agara-naTelaTi-kunWule- 

Ti-wiTeltba-qvabijvariT amovediT arsianis qedis 

unagirze da daveSviT md. qvablianis xeobaSi, sofel 

moxes gavliT CavediT adigenSi; adigeniden manqaniT 

CavediT kurort abasTumanSi, saidanac isev zekaris 

uReltexilis gadalaxviT CavediT kurort sairmeSi, 

sadac sanatoriumSi davisveneT; meore dRes davaTvalireT 

sairmis Semogareni, Semdeg varcixe (rodopolisi) 

cixis gavliT moviloceT gelaTisa da mowame- 

Tas monastrebi, SuaRamiT davbrundiT TbilisSi. 

IV eqspedicia daviwyeT jixeTis dedaTa monasterSi 

yovladwminda RvTismSoblis Sobis dResaswaulisadmi 

miZvnili RamisTevis sazeimo wirvaze daswrebiT. 

jgufis zogierTi wevri eziara. simboluri iyo, rom 

msaxureba Seasrula mama andriam, romlis mfarveli 

angelozi wm. andria pirvelwodebulia. diliT sazei- 

22

mo trapezis Semdeg davaTvaliereT monastris mezeumi; 

wm. mociqulis Sesaxeb wyaroebSi da gadmocemebSi 

naxsenebia martvili, amitomac gavemgzavreT samegrelosken 

_ martvilSi, iq davaTvaliereT martvilis 

sakaTedro taZari, Cveni yuradReba gansakuTrebiT miipyro 

martvilis mcire Zvelma taZarma (VII s.), romelic 

dakavSrebulia wm. andria mocuqulze arsebul 

gadmocemasTan, Semdeg davaTvaliereT martvilis mxareTmcodneobis 

muzeumi, sadac mogviyvnen zepiri gadmocema 

imis Sesaxeb, rom wm. mociquls mouWria didi 

muxa (Wyoni), masTan mdgomo bomoni “kapunia” ki gaunadgurebia 

da mis adgilze aRumarTavs jvari. 

martvildan gamovbrundiT guriaSi – xrianeTSi, sofel 

oxojuris wm. andria pirvelwodebulis eklesiis 

sanaxavad; sasaflaos SuaSi mdebare sanaxevrod 

dangreuli erTnaviani darbazuli eklesia devis winaswari 

mosazrebiT daaxloebiT X-XII ss-ebs unda ganekuTnebodes; 

mama andriam gadaixada mcire paraklisi 

da gavemgzavreT baTumisaken. gzad gaviareT korort 

boboyvaTSi, sadac isvenebda sruliad saqar- 

Tvelos patriarqi ilia II. man didi siyvaruliT migviRo, 

moismina Cvengan informacia eqspediciis mimdinareobis 

Sesaxeb da gzaze dagvloca. 

baTumSi batoni maTe takiZis daxmarebiT movewyveT 

sastumro “bakurSi”; saRamoTi vaxSamze migviwvies Cveni 

jgufis wevris, eldar bubulaSvilis, naTesavebma; 

diliT batonma maTem takiZem dagvaTvalierebina ba- 

Tumis Tamaris cixe da mis teritoriaze agebuli eklesia, 

gavecaniT religiis muzeums; Semdeg b-ma maTem 

migviwvia axal kinoTeatrSi g. doloZis mier aRdgenili 

filmis prezentaciaze; kidev erTxel movinaxuleT 

gonios cixe, iq SevxvdiT TurqeTSi gadamReb 

23

jgufTan (reJisori karlo Rlonti da operatori 

irakli onofriSvili) erTad mimaval “qristianuli 

kvlevis saerTaSoriso centris” gamgeobis Tavmjdomares 

akademikos daviT musxeliSvils; or saaTSi CavediT 

xuloSi, sadac ise, rogorc wina wels, migvi- 

Ro da dagvabinava mama mirianma (samxaraZem); dilidan 

moyolebuli mTeli dRe gavatareT transportis (cxenebis 

an orxidianis manqanis) ZebnaSi, raTa didaWaridan 

mTa-mTa, arsianis qedis gadalaxviT gadavsuliyaviT 

jer adigenSi, xolo Semdeg iqidan avsulyaviT 

fersaTis qedze “rkinis jvarze”, bolos mama andriam, 

rogorc iqna, monaxa xulos gamgebeli batoni tariel 

abulaZe, man migviRo, didi yuradRebiT mogvismina 

da gadagviWra es problema. gamoviyves saavadmyofos 

“uazi”, riTac gavemgzavreT sacixuris sakrebulos 

TavmjdomaresTan – baton SoTa SavaZesTan; rogorc 

zemoT mogaxseneT, batoni SoTam didi daxmareba gagviwia, 

yvela Tavis saxlSi dagvabinava, Cagvawerina sacixuris, 

agaris da Rorjomis TemebSi arsebuli gvarebi, 

am soflebis Semogarenis _ naeklesiarebis (qilisebis), 

rogorc aq eZaxian, nacixarebis, mTebis, mdinareebis 

da wyaroebis toponimika, CagvaniSnina yvela 

is marSruti, romlebiTac SeiZleba fersaTis qedze, 

zekaris uReltexize moxvedra. 

meore dRes misi megzurobiT davaTvaliereT da gadaviReT 

jvarTanas da vanaZeebis nasaydralebi, perangSemoZarculi, 

eklesiebis nangrevebi (devis misazrebiT 

orive ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebis); namonastrevSi 

gvaCvenes adgili da Senobis nangrevebi, sadac 

gadmocemiT iyo monasteri da iqve napovni uxeSad damuSavebuli 

sqelkedla qoTnebi Tu kaTxebi; manqana 

gagvifuWda da amitom ver vnaxeT pantnarSi jorjikeTTan 

jvarTanisa da nasaydris msgavsi qilisa; fe- 

24

xiT davbrundiT sacixurSi; cxenebi aqac ver viSoveT. 

SoTas Zmam didi gaWirvebiT manqana SeakeTa da SevudegiT 

mzadebas; sami marSrutidan: 1. vanaZeebi – Rorjomi 

– sayvelaferdi _ nasoflari _ yvirali _ kikibos 

mimarTuleba, 2. sacixuri – agara – naTelaTi – 

mosavleTi – nailavi – kunWuleTi – wiTeltba – qvabijvari 

– moxe _ dercelis mimarTuleba, 3. sacixuri 

– gelauri – velaTi _ xanumis gziT _ kexovani an sacixuri 

– pantnari – jorjikeTi – riyeTi _ goderZis 

mimarTuleba, Cven avirCieT me-2 mimarTuleba; diliT 

SevuyeviT arsianis qedisaken aRmarTs, garkveul adgilebSi 

manqanas uWirda da Cven fixiT miuyvebodiT 

gzas, sacixurisa da agaris garda, yvela dasaxleba 

sazafxulo iailebia, wiTeltbidan kargad davaTvalireT 

da gadaviReT qvabijvari; dRis meore naxevar- 

Si avediT arsianis qedze, naomris velze, romelic 

zRvis donidan 2000 metrzea; marcxniv Cans kikibo, 

pirdapir derceli da moxe, samreT-aRmosavleTiT _ 

zarzma, ude, Sors _ TurqeTis saqarTvelo, md. focxovis 

xeoba, ufro Sors ki _ eruSeTis qedis fragmeti 

nislSi; Cvenze momagrebuli manqana da SoTa Sava- 

Ze aqedan ukan unda dabrundnen, moxemde minimum 30 kilometria, 

aseTi tvirTiT, fexiT moxemde, umegzurod 

Casvla Zalian gagviWirdeboda; gadavwyviTeT baton 

tariel abulaZesTan darekva. bedad maleve davukav- 

SirdiT. man operatiulad dagvakavSira adigenis gamgebels 

baton aleqsandre suxiaSvils; gamgebelma Caiwera 

Cveni telefonis nomeri da ukve cota xanSi 

dagvikavSirda moxes gamgebeli, romelic Segvpirda 

manqanis gamogzavnas; sanam manqana amogvakiTxavda, 

gavSaleT sufra, daviloceT, davemSvidobeT SoTas 

da mZRols; 2-3 saaTis lodinis Semdeg didma samxidianma 

manqanam amogvakiTxa da sakmaod rTuli relie- 

25

fis gziT CavediT moxeSi; iq gairkva, rom mTaSi acivebula 

da mejogeebi barSi Camosulan. Segvpirden, 

rom momaval wels ivnisis bolos Tu CavalT moxeSi, 

dagvaxvedreben cxenebs da TviT moxes gamgebeli gvimegzurebs; 

gvian RamiT CavediT adigenSi, movewyveT 

sastumroSi; diliT ori “vilisiT” Cagviyvanes abas- 

TumanSi, sadac gadavsxediT saswrafo daxmarebis 

“uazSi” da zekari-“rkinis jvris” uReltexilis gadavliT 

CavediT kurort sairmeSi. 

rogorc SeTanxmebulebi viyaviT Cveni mZRoli elizbari 

sairmis Tavze dagvxvda; mama andrias axloblebis 

daxmarebiT Rame sanatoriumSi gavaTeneT; dilidan 

davaTvalireT sairme da misi Semogareni; CavuyeviT 

md. wablaris wyals sofel wablarisxevSi, romelTanac 

axlos adgil mamaneTSi vnaxeT namonastralis 

kvali, Semdeg davaTvalireT adgili udabno, sadac 

naeklesiars uCveneben, vnaxeT qva, namdvilad stelis 

nawili, CaviwereT toponimi “diakvnis xidi”; devim 

gamoTqva azri, rom aq SeiZleba marTlac iyo eklesia 

da es adgili namonastrevs hgavs; mama andrias 

jixeTis monastridan manqaniT moakiTxes, didi siyvaruliT 

davemSvidobeT erTmaneTs; Cveni manqaniT gavemgzavreT 

quTaisSi, moviloceT gelaTi da mowameTa 

da gamTeniisas davbrudiT TbilisSi. 

IV mogzaurobaSic ver moxerxda dagegmili marSrutis 

bolomde gavla. amitom momavali wlisaTvis gadavwyviteT, 

samkaciani jgufiT (devi berZeniSvili, mixeil 

fxaWiaSvili da operatori) moxeSi Casvla da 

darCenili moxe-derceli-mamlismTa-fersaTis qedi da 

“rkinis jvari” monakveTis gavla. 

26

mogzaurobidan dabrunebis ori Tvis Tavze devi ber- 

ZeniSvilma waikiTxa moxseneba II saerTaSoriso simpoziumze 

_ “qristianoba Cvens cxovrebaSi: warsuli, awmyo, 

momavali”, romelic Catarda 24-26 noembers saqarTvelos 

sapatriarqos, saqarTvelos marlmadidebel 

eklesiasTan arsebuli “qristianuli kvlevis saerTaSoriso 

centris” da iv. javaxiSvilis sax. istoriis 

da eTnologiis institutis TaosnobiT. avtoris 

analiziT wm. andria pirvelwodebulTan dakavSirebuli 

qarTuli tradiciuli gadmocemebi, materialuri 

kulturis Zeglebi da toponimebis monacemebi nasazrdoebia 

(dafuZnebulia, momdinareobs) Zveli istoriuli 

werilobiTi wyaroebiT, xolo werilobiTi tradicia 

bevrs iRebda xalxuri gadmocemebisagan. winamdebare 

wignSi ganmeorebiT vaqveynebT am samecniero 

naSroms. 

ganvlili am oTxi eqspadiciis Semdeg SevajereT wm. 

andria pirvelwodebulis saqarTveloSi Semosvlisa 

da mogzaurobis Sesaxeb arsebuli istoriuli wyaroebi 

da gadmocemebi Cveni mogzaurobebis SedegebTan, 

ramac migviyvana im daskvnamde, rom aucilebeli iyo 

samecniero kvlevis TurqeTSi gagrZeleba. kerZod, 

TurqeTis saqarTveloSi, raTa gvenaxa, Segveswavla 

da gagvevlo is istoriul saqaravne gzebi, romlebic 

I saukunisaTvis Semodioda imJamindel saqarTveloSi 

da romliTac SeiZleba esargebla wm. andria mociquls. 

saWiro iyo agreTve am gzebis gavlisas gamogvekvlia 

yvela is punqti, romlebzec saubaria wyaroebSi, 

mogvexdina am adgilebis Zveli da amJamindeli 

saxelebis identificireba, adgilze Segveswavla da 

dagvedgina, Tu ra kavSiri aqvs wm. andria mociqulis 

moRvaweobas tao-klajeTis unikalur memkvidroebas- 

Tan, rogorc saeklesio ZeglebTan, aseve istoriul 

27

safortifikacio da saero nagebobebTan. es yvelaferi 

gamomdinareobda iqidan, rom andria pirvelwodebuli 

saqarTveloSi Semovida romis imperiis sazRvrebSi 

myofi aRmosavleT anatoliis, istoriuli pontosa 

da lazikis regionebidan, romlebic amJamindeli 

TurqeTis respublikis teritorias warmoadgenen. amitomac 

Semdegi eqspediacia daigegma TurqeTSi. devi 

berZeniSvilTan SeTanxmebiT gavakeTe savaraudo mar- 

Srutis maketi, romelic devim moiwona. 

me, rogorc eqspediciis koordinators da teqnikur 

direqtors, damevala eqspediciis xarjTaRricxvis 

Sedgena da saWiro aRWurvilobis SeZena-momarageba. 

2006 wlis zafxulidan TurqeTis anu mexuTe eqspediis 

proeqti mzad iyo da daviwyeT saWiro Tanxis moZieba. 

xarjaRricxvam sakmaod soliduri Tanxa Seadgina, 

amitom sponsoris moZebna Zalian gaWirda. Tavdapirvelad 

eqspediciis xangrZlivoba davyaviT orTvenaxevrian 

etapad: pirveli – trapizonis regioni da 

istoriuli lazika, arTvini, SavSeTi, klajeTi, tao, 

artaani, kola, yarsisa da erzrumis regionebi, kabadokia, 

ankaris regioni, Savi zRvis sanapiro, sinopidan 

trapizonamde; meore – samxreTi da dasavleTi 

TurqeTis regionebi stambulis CaTvliT; saeqspedicio 

jgufi iTvaliswinebda 10 wevrs, satransporto 

saSualeba ki ori manqanis (jipis) daqiravebas. 

V eqspedicia 

2007 wlis dekebridan 2008 wlis bolomde saqarTvelo 

aRniSnavda sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis, 

uwmidesisa da unetaresis ilia II-is aRsaydrebidan 

30 wlisTavs. am saiubileo TariRis aRniSvnasTan 

dakavSirebiT daigegma mTeli rigi RoniZi- 

28

ebebi, romelTa nusxaSic moxvda Cveni proeqti. magram 

dafinansebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis gamo 

xarjTaRricxvaSi SetaneT cvlilebi: monawileTa 

ricxvi SevamcireT 7 kacamde, satransporto saSualebebTan 

dakavSirebiT gadawyda erTi manqanis (jipis) 

SeZena da ara daqiraveba. cvlilebebi movaxdineT eqspediciis 

marSrutSi da xangrZlivobaSi. gadawyda eqspedicias 

emogzaura TurqeTis qarTul regionSi da 

Savi zRvis sanapiroze Tvenaxevari ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi. 

am cvlilebebis Semdeg 2008 wlis gazafxulze 

dadebiTad gadawyda Cveni proeqtis dafinanseba, 

miviReT isev saxelmwifo granti. 

eqspediciaSi gamgzavrebamde devi berZeniSvilma, eldar 

bubulaSvilma, mixeil fxaWiaSvilma da Tamaz 

SaraSeniZem miviReT monawileoba samecniero konferenciaSi 

– “wmida andria pirvelwodebulis gziT”, 

romelic gaimarTa 2008 wlis 2-4 maiss xulo-didaWaraSi, 

sxalTis episkoposis spiridonis (abulaZe) 

locva-kurTxaviT. devi berZeniSvilma waikiTxa moxseneba 

– “qarTuli tradicia wminda andria pirvelwodebulis 

Sesaxeb”, eldar bubulaSvilma ki “wm. mociqulTa 

saxelTan dakavSirebuli siwmindeebi saqar- 

TveloSi”. devi berZeniSvilis statias ganmeorebiT 

gTavazobT winamdebare wignSi. 

2008 wlis maisSi SeviZineT eqspediciisaTvis saWiro 

manqana (jipi “toiota-lend kruizeri”), romelic dakompleqtebuli 

iyo 7 sajdomi savarZeliT da saeqspedicio 

aRWurviloba. sakmaod didi xani velodeT 

TurqeTis kulturis saministrosagan TurqeTis teritoriaze 

profesionaluri videokameriT gadaRebis 

uflebas, romelic bolos da bolos, TiTqmis erTi 

Tvis lodinis Semdeg miviReT, raSic didi daxmareba 

29

gagviwies TurqeTSi saqarTvelos elCma batonma gega 

mgalobliSvilma da misma TanamSromelma batonma zurab 

batiaSvilma. 3 ivlisis saRamos 22 30 saaTze eqspedicia 

mTeli SemadgenlobiT daiZra Tbilisidan saCxerisken, 

sadac gvian RamiT meufe danielma dagvloca 

gzaze. gamTeniisas 0600 saaTze Cven gadavkveTeT 

TurqeTis sazRvari da daaxloebiT 1000 saaTze CavediT 

trapizonSi, movewyveT sastumroSi “iukanSi”, davisveneT 

da saRamos vestumreT trapizonSi saqarTvelos 

saelCos generalur konsuls baton avTo miqaca- 

Zes. sakonsuloSi Sexvedram megobrul atmosferoSi 

Caiara, Cven baton avTo miqacaZes da mis TanamSromlebs 

movuyeviT eqspediciis Sinaarsi, maT aRgviTqves 

yovelgvari daxmareba. saRamo dasrulda vaxSamiTa da 

Ramis trapizonSi gaseirnebiT. 

V mogzaurobis marSrutis Sesaxeb informacias mogawvdiT 

mokled, sqematurad, radgan batoni devis 

dRiurSi es yovelive didi profesionalizmiTa da 

sizutiT aqvs gadmocemuli. Cvenma manqanam, romelsac 

devi berZeniSvilma “TareSa” daarqva, gaiara aseTi 

svlagezi: trapizoni – maCka (sumela, bazeloni) _ 

ziganas uReltexili _ gumiSxane (yofili argiropolosi) 

– aidinTefe _ baiburTi _ ispiri (yofili speri) 

– daRbaSis uReltexili _ rize – xofa – arTvini 

– borCxa _ muratlu _ arTvini _ artanuji _ arTvini 

– parxali – iusufeli – md. TorTomis xeoba _ iusufeli 

_ erzrumi – pasinlari (yofili basiani) _ erzrumi 

_ “giurji baRazis” (“qarTlis gza”) uReltexili 

_ SavSaTi (yofili saTle) – arTvini – klarje- 

Ti _ arTvini _ olTisi – narmani _ oluri – Cataksu 

(yofili taoskari) _ oluri _ fanaskerti _ agundiris 

uReltexili _ kola – artaani – focxovi – artaani 

_ Cildiris tba _ yarsi – erzrumi – kopis 

uReltexili (qaldiis karibWe, md. Woroxis saTaveebi) 

30

_ baiburTi – Sebiryarahisari (yofili kolonia) _ 

niqsari (yofili neokesaria) – giumeneki (yofili komani) 

– ToxaTi (yofili kukuso) – amasia – samsuni – 

sinopi – samsuni – trapizoni _ baTumi _ axalcixe _ 

axalqalaqi _ Tbilisi. 

erzrumSi droebiT dagvtova megzurma da Tarjimanma 

daudma, romelic aTi dRiT, piradi saqmeebis gamo, wavida 

stambulSi. is Secvala, TurqeTSi, q. arTviniSi 

gazrdilma, amJamad, Tbiliselma vaxtang saRinaZem. 

radganac daudi mZRolis movaleobasac asrulebda, 

saWesTan is SevcvaleT me da Tamaz SaraSeniZem. erzrumidan 

gzad SavSeTisaken gaviareT, davaTvaliereT 

da gadaviReT saqarTveloSi Semosasvleli Zveli saqaravne 

gzis nawili uReltexili “giurji boRazi” 

(“qarTlis gza”), gvian RamiT CavediT q. SavSaTSi (yofili 

saTle). 

8 agvistos artaanis sastumroSi CemTan nomerSi Semovarda 

kaxa imnaiSvili da miTxra, rom omi daiwyo ruseTsa 

da saqarTvelos Soris. yvelam sasawrafod gadavrekeT 

TbilisSi. 8 agvistodan, omis dawyebasTan 

dakavSirebiT Cveni jgufis yvela wevrs warmoeSva piradi 

problemebi, yvelasTvis Zalian gaWirda TurqeT- 

Si darCena, magram pasuxisgeblobis grZnobam migvaRebina 

erTaderTi swori gadavwyvitileba, rom aseTi 

warmatebuli eqspediciis Sewyveta ar SeiZleboda. 

16 agvistos saRamos 1800 saaTisaTvis CavediT trapizonSi, 

movewyveT sastumro “nazarSi”, davisveneT. Semdeg 

davrekeT saqarTvelos generalur konsulTan, baton 

avTo miqacaZesTan, romelmac gviTxra, rom 1900 

saaTze ruseTis sakonsulosTan, trapizonis qarTveloba 

awyobda saprotesto manifestacia-mitings. Cvenc 

saswrafod movemzadeT da wavediT ruseTis sakonsu- 

31

losTan. devi berZeniSvili Zalian gaxarebuli iyo, 

rom mitings mivusawariT. manifestaciis Semdeg batonma 

avTom migviwvia sakonsuloSi, sadac pirvelad vuyureT 

televizia “imeds”, vnaxeT is Semzaravi kadrebi, 

qarTulad movismineT, rac gvWirda, rac xdeboda 

saqarTveloSi. ukana gzaze vivaxSmeT da Zalian dazafrulebi 

davbrundiT sastumroSi, davgegmeT meore 

dRe, 17 agvisto. gadawyda, rom erT dRes davisvenebdiT 

trapizonSi da 18-Si davbrundebodiT samSoblo- 

Si baTumi-goderZis uReltexili-axalcixe-axalqalaqi-walka-Tbilisis 

gziT, radganac gori-Tbilisis monakveTi 

rusi okupantebis xelSi iyo. yvela gavnawildiT 

Cven-Cvens nomrebSi. 1200 saaTi xdeboda, rom SeSfoTebuli 

eldar bubulaSvili Semovarda CemTan nomerSi 

da SeSinebulma miTxra, rom devi iatakze daeca 

da cudad aris. saswrafod me da Tamaz SaraSeniZe 

gavcvivdiT devis nomerSi, iq dagvxvdnen kaxa imnaiSvili 

da daTo asaTiani, romlebsac devi wamoeyenebinaT 

da sawolze daesvaT, mas goneba hqonda dakarguli, 

kaxam wneva gauzoma, romelic sakmaod maRali 

iyo, rogorc Cans, devis TavSi sisxli hqonda Caqceuli. 

gamoCnda daudic. me telefoniT velaparake sakonsulos 

TanamSromels baton giorgi yuSitaSvils, 

man gamomkiTxa, romel sastumroSi viyaviT. Zalian male 

batoni giorgi saswrafo daxmarebis eqimTan er- 

Tad devis nomerSi iyo. eqimma devis gasinjvis Semdeg 

moiTxova misi hospitalizacia, razec Cveni Tanxmoba 

miiRo. qalaqis saavadmyofoSi is moaTavses mimRebi 

ganyofilebis intensiur palataSi da daiwyo misi 

mkurnalobisaTvis saWiro procedurebis Catareba; Tavidan 

TiTqos saqme kargad midioda, baton devisac 

ukeTesoba daetyo, kontaqtSi Semosvla undoda, magram 

Semdeg daiwyo gauareseba, ganviTarda infarqti. 

32

morige eqimma devis mdgomareoba uimedod CaTvala. 

Cven moveTaTbireT giorgi yuSitaSvils da eqimTan 

SeTanxmebiT saavamyofos reanimobiliT devi gadaviyvaneT 

sauniversiteto klinikaSi. devi klinikaSi miyvanisTanave 

pirdapir reanimaciaSi moaTavses, eldari 

da Tamazi, romlebic reanimomobilSi ijdnen, raRacnairad 

klinikis SenobaSi moxvdnen. danarCenebi, giorgi 

yuSitaSvilis garda, saavadmyofos SenobaSi ar 

SegviSves, davrCiT yvelani klinikis ezoSi. Cven SemogvierTnen 

batono avTo miqacaZe da sakonsulos TanamSromlebi, 

romelTa siyvaruli da didi pativiscema 

maTTan nacnobobis am mokle periodis ganmavloba- 

Si moepovebina baton devis. daaxloebiT 20-30 wuTis 

Semdeg klinikis Senobidan gamovida acremlebuli 

Tamazi, Semdeg eldari da batoni devis mkurnali eqimi, 

romelmac damwuxrebulma gviTxra, rom ganmeorebuli 

infarqtis Sedegad 17 agvistos 0145 saaTze, adgilobrivi 

droiT, gulmxurvale mamuliSvilisa da 

saqarTvelos istoriis gamoCenili mkvlevaris devi 

berZeniSvilis guli, istoriuli lazeTis miwaze, saidanac 

wm. andria pirvelwodebulma daiwyo qarTveli 

eris moqceva, gaCerda. man ver aitana misi sayvareli 

samSoblos mZime gansacdeli da, rogorc yvela Rirseuli 

samSoblos moyvaruli meomari, brZolis velze 

daeca. 

RvTis SewevniT da wm. andria mociqulis meoxebiT, 

Rrma mwuxarebis miuxedavad, eqspediciis wevrebi sasowarkveTilebaSi 

ar CavcvenilvarT, Tumca iyo amisi 

saSiSroeba. keTili da gulisxmieri adamianebis avTo 

miqacaZis, giorgi yuSitaSvilisa da TurqeTSi, trapizonis 

generaluri sakonsulos TanamSromlebis mxar- 

Si dgomiT SevZeliT, drois daukargavad, devi berZeniSvilis 

cxedaris gadmosveneba sarfSi. 

33

klinikis ezodanve, 03 00 saaTze, saswrafod telefoniT 

davukavSirdi baton maTe takiZes baTumSi, romelmac, 

rogorc WeSmaritma qristianma, gulTan miitana 

Cveni gasaWiri da yovelgvari daxmareba aRmiTqva. daaxloebiT 

dilis eqvs saaTze sarfis sasazRvro terminalis 

neitralur zonaSi dagvxvda batoni maTe saswrafo 

daxmarebis manqaniT. Cven erTad gadavasveneT 

devis cxedari manqanaSi. baTumSi garkveuli procedurebis 

Catarebis Semdeg devi berZeniSvilis cxedari 

davasveneT saswrafo daxmarebis manqanaSi da SevudegiT 

Tbilisisaken metad momqancvel gzas. win migviZ- 

Roda batoni devis cxedari, ukan “TareSaSi” msxdomni, 

mivyvebodiT, Cven, misi kolegebi, moswavleebi, Segirdebi 

im gziT, romelic daaxloebiT 20 saukunis 

win gaiara wm. andria pirvelwodebulma. sainteresoa, 

RmerTma ise ineba, rom devi Tavis saTayvanebel TbilisSi 

brundeboda Tavisi usayvarlesi javaxeTiT, 

romelic misi kvlevebis erT-erTi mTavari sagani iyo, 

is xom am mxaris specialistad da did mcodned iyo 

aRiarebuli. ukve 18 agvisto dgeboda, roca batoni 

devi mSobliur qalaqSi, barnovis N# 150-Si (amJamad 

i. abaSiZis 48) saxlSi dabrunda... 

winamdebare wignis winasityvaobis Sedgenisas visargeble 

Cemi CanawerebiT, romelsac vawarmoebdi oTxive 

eqspediciis dros, saqarTvelos regionebis rukebze, 

mogzaurobisas ganvlili punqtebis Sesaxeb, Cems 

mier gakeTebuli aRniSvnebiTa da komentarebiT, batonebis 

nika vaCeiSvilis me-2, devi berZeniSvilisa da 

eldar bubulaSvilis me-3 da me-4 eqspediciis CanawerebiT 

da Cveni mogzaurobebis dros gadaRebuli video 

da foto masalebiT. rac Seexeba V mogzaurobas 

visargeble dRiuriT, romelsac Tavad vawarmoebdi. 

34

devi berZeniSvilis dRiuri 

3.07.08 

rogorc iqna, gamovetieT Tbilisidan. varT Svidni. 

Cveni gamyoli gurji daudia 1 (mamis dediT futkaraZe), 

icis qarTuli, 26 wlisaa, arTvinidan, Tbilis- 

Si hyavs megobrebi da apirebs qarTul moqalaqeobas. 

bagrationebs 2 dayveboda, misi misamarTic ninom Camiwera. 

Tbilisi davtoveT Ramis 10-ze. saCxereSi meufe 

danielTan viyaviT 1-ze, gamoviareT baTumi, sarfi, SeuCerebliv 

viareT, trapizons CamovaRwieT dilis 7-ze. 

baTumidan samsunamde plaJebi araa. mTebi axloa 

mosuli zRvasTan. xSiria xelovnuri yureebi, Seqmnili 

kldis didi lodebiT. es Relvisaganac icavs napirs 

da patara gemebis gasaCerebelicaa. ratom ar 

ageben aseTebs CvenTan? trapizonSi movewyeT 

centrSi sastumro iuvanSi. es qalaqi, SarSan gavliT 

nanaxi, sakmaod kargi mdebareobisaa, viwro, 

mokirwyluli quCebiT, portiTa da aeroportiT. 

saRamos Cvens konsuls vewvieT. avTo 3 samsarTulian 

saxls aremontebs. patara ezoSi bambukis fanCaturi 

aqvs da fotostendi. bevrs laparakobs da didi 

gegmebi aqvs... gvimaspinZla da RamiT gaviseirneT. vnaxeT 

qalaqis kedeli da burjebi das. mxares. aq, xevSi 

Zveli saxlebi daungrevia qalaqis mers da parks aSenebs. 

saxvaliod SevipireT avTo, rom erTad davaTvalierebT 

aia sofias taZars, muzeums. Segvpirda naviT 

zRvaSi gasvlas, rom iqidan gadaviRoT qalaqi. 

4.07.08 

dRes qalaqis cixis kedlebiT daviwyeT das-dan. 

35

aq es kedlebi mTel sigrZeze mouyveba CrdiloeTidan 

zRvamde. simaRliT 25-30-mdea. wyoba sxvadasxvaa, 

gvian ganaxlebuli. koSk-burjebi kuTxovania, 

akropolisis maRali koSkebi S-Taa. yvelaze maRal 

adgilzea. xevSi myof saxlebs iReben da parks akeTeben. 

ufro das-iT ukve qalaqis galavania, imave sima- 

Rlisa da wyobisa. aq, CrdiloeTisaken (zRvisaken) 

Semosasvleli ganieri TaRia, aq axla gzaa. qalaqi 

galavniT iyofa zeda, Sua da qvemo nawilad. 

eklesiebi an afeTqebuli, an jameebad qceuli, 

quCebi viwroa erTi manqanis siganisa, zogan ufro viwro. 

axali qalaqi aRm-iT Sendeba. aqvea axla aeroportic. 

parkSi viRac faSis cxenosani figuraa. aqvea 

jamed qceuli berZn. eklesia. 

aia sofiis taZari jvargumbaTovania. O-iT 3 afsidaa, 

Sua xuTkuTxovani. eklesias N, W, da S Sesasvlelebi 

aqvs TaRovani. S Sesasvlelis Tavze reliefebia 

adamisa da evas gamosaxulebebiT scenebia (samoTxidan 

gamoZeveba...). 

SigniT freskebi nawilobriv gadarCenilia da 

yvela kedelze CamoTvlilia maTi Sinaarsebi. ratom 

ar SeiZleba es CvenTanac gakeTon? SuaSi mozaikuri 

iatakis fragmentia SemorCenili. sakurTxevelTan saflavis 

qvebia. erTi maTgani unda iyos mamia gurielisa, 

romelsac colad hyavda did paleologosTa bolo 

qaliSvili. 

mTavari taZari 1250-70 wlebSia agebuli. N-iT 

imave gegmis mcire eklesia _ XIV s-Si, W-iT 5 sarTuliani 

samreklo koSki _ XV s-saa. ezoSi gamofenilia 

arq. detalebi, saflavis qvebi, adgilobrivi da sxvani, 

motanili; aqvea warweriani (berZn. somx.) qvebic. 

braiers 4 naxsenebi aqvs gurielis saflavis qvis 

warwerac... axla aRar Cans. gamofenil qvebSia 3 

36

gviani kapitelic _ esaa solomon II-is obeliskis 

qvebi. 

es obeliski O-iTaaa, qvemo qalaqSi. aq eklesia 

mdgara, is auRiaT, mis gverdiT myofi saflavebi 

cacxvTan dausvenebiaT da iqve aRumarTavT obeliski, 

r-c Zvel fotoebze 7 arSini simaRlisa yofila, 4 

svetze dayrdnobili gumbaTi. 

amave eklesiis siaxloves unda yofiliyo 

andrias saxelobis gamoqvabulis eklesia, 

romelic braieris mixedviT, bulvaris gayvanas 

Seewira. 

andriasTan dakavSirebuli meore eklesiac qvemo 

qalaqSia; is mola siian james saxels atarebs. samnaviani 

bazilika Signidan Selesili, garedanac Selesilia. 

Zveli datovebulia mxolod sami, gareT gamotanili 

naxevarwriuli afsida. es jamec moqmedia 

da mcveli hyavs. 

saRamos navi daviqiraveT da zRvidan gadaviReT 

Ramis trapizoni. xval ori eklesia unda movinaxuloT 

qalaqSi, mere wavalT monasterSi da iqidan gadavalT 

baiburTSi. sakonsulom trapizonis Zveli 

fotoalbomi gvaTxova. iqvea fotoebi 1890 w-dan. Cemi 

aparatiT gadaviRe 10 suraTi CvenTvis saintereso 

adgilebisa. 

5.07.08 

tradiciiT qalaqSi kidev erTi Zveli eklesiaa, 

romelic axla jamedaa qceuli. esaa ieni juma 

jamii _ `pirveli paraskevis locvis Rame~. es 

eklesia sami naxevarwriuli afsidiT, gumbaTiani 

eklesiaa. is SekeTebulia SesaniSnavad. aRm. da samxr. 

mxares mogrZo kovziseburRarebiani lavgardanebia. O 

mxares maT SerCenili aqvT wreSi Casmuli da 

37

Tavisufali jvrebi. Crd. kedlebSi wnuli 

ornamentiani qvebi restavrirebisas uadgilod 

CausvamT Signidan. 

IV s-Si yofila evgeniosi, romelsac daumxia 

kerpi (herakle). amisaTvis is uwamebiaT da SemdgomSi 

wmindanad SeuracxavT. did komnenosebs 1204-22 wleb- 

Si misi saxelobis eklesia auSenebiaT, romelic 1461 

wlidan jamed gadauqceviaT. mTavar afsidaSi gauWriaT 

Sesasvleli kari, S-kedelSi amouSenebiaT sarkmlebi 

da Sesavleli. iqve gaukeTebiaT mihrabi, molas 

asasvleli kibeebi. iataki daufaravT xaliCiT. 

amis Semdgom qalaqis centrSi, bazris quCis Sua- 

Si vnaxeT xeliT nakeTebi nawarmis gamofena, iqve XIX 

s-is didi meCeTiT. 

qalaqis aRm. nawilSi mTaze movinaxuleT `qalwulTa 

monasteri~, romelic restavraciisa da 

gaTxrebis gamo daketili dagvixvda. davtoveT 

trapizoni, lamazi da saintereso qalaqi. dilas 

sastumroSive gadavaTvaliere Zv. fotoebiTa da 

axali suraTebiT Seqmnili ori albomi. iqidan 

SevarCieT CvenTvis saintereso Zv. fotoebi da Cemi 

aparatiT gadaviRe. 

wamovediT sumelaSi * . es berZnuli monasteri 

trapizonis O-iT Camomavali xeobis saTaveebSia, mis 

marcxena sanapiroze maRal mTaSi. granitis kldeSi 

* SeniSvna d. berZeniSvilisa: IV s-Si ori wmindanis RvawliT 

iwyeba, mere VI s-Si arsdeba aq raRac, r-sac komnenosebi 

13 s-Si monastrad aqceven. sumela _ Savi mTaa. 

sumelas mTavari monastris misasvlelSi erTnaviani 

darbazuli eklesiaa, Sverili, naxevarwriuli afsidiT. 

Sesavleli S-idanaa TaRiT gadaxuruli. TiTo sarkmeli 

O da S mxares oTxkuTxaa. eklesia Zalian waagavs 

bazelonis monastris mc. eklesias da SesaZloa masaviT 

ufro Zv. Iyos, vidre mTavari.) 

38

unebrivi, mSrali Rrmulia, sadac auSenebiaT monasteri. 

garedan 3-4 sarTuliani kedlebi moCans, sadac 

senakebia daaxl. 50-mde berisa. Rrmulis SigniTa, dacul 

mxares, mTavari eklesiaa mariamwmidis saxelobisa. 

sainteresoa, rom is garedanac da SigniTac moxatulia. 

yoveli calke scena moCarCoebulia. SigniT, 

Werze Cviledi RvTismSobelia da mis das-iT macxovari. 

es ori xati yvelaze didia. Sesasvlels garedan 

javari aqvs reliefuri (dazianebulia) da saRebaviT 

berZnuli warwera. 

saerTod am teritoriaze 5-mde mcire eklesiaa 

da berebis saTavsebi. gadaxurvebi banuria. wyali garedan 

hqoniaT Semoyvanili. mosasvleli biliki xevis 

marcxena napirs miuyveba. misi nawili filaqniT daufaravT. 

Cven am gziT CamovediT, manqana _ Tavisi 

gziT. xevsac mariamwmidis saxeli aqvs 

`marimana~. gviani iyo da baiburTSi wasvla 

gadavifiqreT. xeobaSi 

vivaxSmeT da iqve, sasiamovno sastumroSi davr- 

CiT. aqaurebSi bevria qera, cisferTvaleba axalgazrdebi, 

egebis lazebi. Cveni daudic wablisferTmiani, 

cisferTvala axalgazrdaa, maWaxlis xeobidan. CxutuneTi 

mezobladaao. amas Seyvarebuli hyolia, r-ic 

yoveldRe urekavs _ xelsa mTxoveno. es sasayovelTaod 

miRebuli fandia gasaTxovar qalebSi. 

6.07.08. 

dRes mogvianebiT gamovediT marimanis xeobidan 

da davadeqiT gzas baiburTisken. isev xeobebs mivyvebiT, 

romlebic waagavan Woroxis auzs. gzad kidev er- 

Ti berZnuli monastris nangrevebi movinaxuleT. esaa 

bazelonis. sanam masTan mividodiT, gzispirze 

kuTxovani cixe-koSkis nangrevi gadaviReT. 

39

azelonis namonastrali mTavar xevis 

marcxena Semdinaris marjvena napirzea. manqana 

davayeneT da fexiT SevuyeviT biliks. gzidan iseTive 

3-4 sarTuliani kedlebi Canda, rogorc sumelaSi. 

aqac senakebi aRmoCnda, zogan buxrianebi. aqac 

iseTive bunebrivi exia bazaltis kldeSi, rogorc 

sumelaSi. aqaa samnaviani eklesiis nangrevi 3 Sverili 

afsidiT. SuaSi ufro didia da yvela naxevarwriuli, 

TiTo sarkmliT. saxuravi Caqceulia, albaT banuri. 

Signidan gvian SeTeTrebulia, Tumca freskuli 

moxatvis kvali dablaa SerCenili. CrdiloeTis 

kedelze, garedan aqac moxatulobaa. iqve saTavsoa, 

sadac mrgvali viwro svetis natexi gdia _ albaT 

amiT iyofoda navebi. N-iT mogrZo satrapezoa, 

romlis qveviT sakuWnao unda yofiliyo. erTgan 

TiTqos saZvalecaa. sakuWnaodan dabla ezoSi 

gavediT, sadac mc. erTnaviani darbazuli eklesiaa, 

TaRuri gadaxurviT. Sesasvleli N-idan, afsida 

Sverili naxevarwriuli, erTi sarkmliT. aq TiTqmis 

mTliani darbazi Signidan moxatulia ufro muq 

ferebSi. das. kedelze kargad irCeva RvTismSoblis 

miZineba. es eklesia ufro Zv. SeiZleba iyos vidre 

zeda, samnaviani. saerTod misi msgavseba sumelasTan 

mafiqrebinebs Tanadroulobas. 

gza isev iwevs, is erTgan iyofa _ midis kerasuntisa 

da samsunisaken. gzis marcxniv Torulis cixe 

gadaviReT. kerasunt-samsuni qaldiis TemSia. 

gumiSxane-argiropolis-vercxlis qalaqi 

swored am madnebze miuTiTebs. mas 3-4 cixe icavs, 

sxvadasxva mxridan, mTebze. 

gza maRla iwevs. marcxniv kldeze Wanixis 

lamazi cixe moCans, is bagrationebis veb-gverdzedac 

aris. sof. geCidTan (kaCikaia) iwyeba 

40

gadasasvleli _ avdivarT gaSlil zeganze, r-c 

waagavs TrialeT-javaxeTs. aq moyavT puri, 

kartofili, xexili ar Cans. saZovrebze moTibuli 

Tiva oTxkuTxa Znebad awyvia. gzis marcxniv warwera 

miwisqveSa qalaqze migviTiTebs. gadavuxvieT sof. 

aidinTefesaken. aq aRmoCnda romauli xanis 

katakombebi, miwisqveSa gvirabi, romlis gverdebSic 

patara sadgomebia. erTgan SesaZloa eklesiac 

yofiliyo brtyeli afsidiT. gvirabi viwroa, kacis 

simaRle. is organ mrgvali, brtyeli qvisgadmogorebiT 

kedelSi amoRarulSi jdeba da gasasvleli 

daketilia. es pirvelsave gaTxriT aRmoCenili 

gvirabi-darani, kilometrebze grZeldeba da gamosasvleli 

axali amoSenebulia. aqedan axloa baiburTi. 

qalaqSi Sesvlamde moCans veeba cixe-simagre goraze, 

romelic ketavs gzajvaredins. aq Camodis Woroxi, 

r-sac miuyveba ispirisaken. 

cixeze manqana adis. mas axla remonti utardeba 

uniWod. xaraCoebiT apirkeTeben axali qvis kvadrebiT 

Zvel kedlebs... warweraSi naTqvamia, rom es adgili 

jer kidev vespasiane imperatoris dros SeirCa (albaT 

eklesiisaTvis). 1000 w. cixe aSendao, romelmac 

iarseba XIX s-mde. bizantielebi, selCukebi, Turqosmalebi, 

somxebi... 

uZvelesi wyoba tufis kvadrebiT unda iyos, 

romelic W-S kuTxeSi, SemosasvlelTanaa. aseve uZvelesi 

meCvena samnaviani eklesiis nangrevi cixis S0 nawilSi. 

centraluri Sverili afsida gaTlili qvebis 

wyobiTaa ganaxlebuli, r-ic mkveTrad sxvaobs S-kedlis 

mc. zomis gamoqaruli qvebis regularul wyobas. 

S Sesasvlels zevidan naxevarwriuli TaRi gadasdis. 

N-kedeli da misi afsida aRaraa, arc saxuravia.…W 

41

mxares Zveli akropolisis wyoba Cans _ saSualo zomis 

gamoqaruli sworkuTxa, mogrZo qvebis regularuli 

rigebi. amaTi ugemovno ganaxleba esaa axali kedlebis 

Seneba, uazro auzebiTa da kedelze asasvleli 

kibeebiT. es uzarmazari citadeli bizantiuri simagrea, 

r-is badali mxolod gonio da anakofia meguleba. 

movTavsdiT sastumroSi, qalaqis centrSi. vax- 

Sami qalaqgareT qalebian restoranSi, sadac avlabreli 

somexi qarTulad gvCanglavda... 

7.07.08 

baiburTis CrdiloeTiT, sperisken mimaval gzaze 

braiers eklesia hqonda aRniSnuli sof. haikinTan. 

gaviareT, gviTxres nangrevi iyo da zed skola daaSeneso. 

mivediT, skolis Senoba gadaviRe, Zveli 

qvebidan aRaraferia. axla am sofels qiofrulbaSi 

(xidisTavi) * . 

gza Woroxs miuyveba. es xeoba Zalian waagavs 

mtkvris xeobis nawils musxidan varZiamde: motitvlebuli 

qedebi, xexiliani Walebi, sadac lamazad moCanan 

alvis xeebi. gza TandaTan maRla iwevs, 

daRbaSis uReltexilisaken. aq 2650 m-ze nisli 

gvxdeba da sazafxulo sadgomebi mesaqonleebisa. 

Turqebi miwaTmoqmedebad gadaiqcnen. yurZenic aqvT, 

magram TaTaras iqiT aRar midian. 

uReltexilamde Woroxisave da misi marcxena Senakadis 

xerTvisSi mivediT, ispirSi. esaa qarT. provincia 

speris centri. Aaqaa SesaniSnavi cixe da eklesia. 

cixe baiburTisaze pataraa, eklesia _ ufro didi. 

sami mxridan _ S, W, N – mdinareebiT mozRuduli 

* SeneSvna d. berZeniSvilisa: soflis gamosasvlelSi, gzis 

marcxniv oTxkuTxa koSkis nangrevia galavniT. gzis marjvniv 

naeklesiari mewyers wauRia. 

42

kldovani borcvi mxolod O-dan moisvleba, iqiTvea 

qalaqic. Sesasvleli S-danaa. aqac baiburTiviT, Sesasvlels 

4-kuTxa koSki icavda, tufis kvadrebis regularuli 

wyobiT nagebi. galavnis maRali kedlebis 

wyoba mcire zomis qvaTa Tevzifxuri wyobisaa. zogan 

narevi, gadakeTebis kvalic mravladaa. 

eklesiis nangrevi cixis SO nawilSi, SemosasvlelTan 

iseTsave kavSirSi, rogorc baiburTis cixe- 

Si. aqac sami Sverili afsida unda yofiliyo. gadar- 

Cenilia O da W kedlebi. centralur Sveril afsidas 

3 maRali sarkmeli hqonia, N afsidas _ 1, S afsidas 

mxolod qveda nawilia. nagebi yofila tufisa da adgilobrivi 

qvis saSualo zomis kvadrebiT. es eklesia 

ufro didia, vidre baiburTisa. dasavleTidan mina- 

Seni hqonia, romelic eklesias S kariT uerTdeboda. 

iqidanve unda yofiliyo eklesiaSi Sesasvlelic. eklesiis 

N da W mxares moCans cixis kedlebi, kuTxovani 

da mrgvali burjebi. eklesiis SW mxares meCeTia 

da maRali minareTi, yvelaferi tufis qvisaa da mere 

Selesilic. eklesiis W-iT wylis 3 onkania. sainteresoa 

wyali Semoyvanilia, Tu adgilobrivi wyarosi. 

wyaroebSi cnobebi naklebadaa. 

XII-XIII s-ebSi selCuk ilxanTa cixea, XVI s-Si 

suleiman faSa meCeTs agebs. minareTs iyenebdnen gzajvaredinis 

saTvalTvalod. 

sper-hber-iber... `speris zRva~, e.i. es olqi zRvaze 

gadioda, am saxelma Secvala evqsinis ponto da 

pontos zRva... bagrationebic aqedan movidnen qar- 

Tlsa da somxeTSi. maT drosve iqneboda aq 

eklesia mainc. mniSvnelovani punqtia gzebis 

Camketi. rodis ikargeba saqarTvelos es ukiduresi 

mxare?... 

43

uReltexilis Semdeg gza xeobaSi eSveba, romelic 

savsea naZvnariTa da Sereuli tyiT, abasTumaniviT. 

mTaSi soflebi moCans da TeTri minareTebi. 

rizemde braiers erTi eklesia da cixe aqvs aRniSnuli 

_ ver vnaxeT. Rame rizes sastumroSi gavaTieT. 

aqedan borCxamde rukis mixedviT unda veZeboT. 

aqamde kidev erTi uReltexilia. 

8.07.08 

rizes cixe qalaqis centrSia goraze. misi zedacixis 

kedlebi da naxevarwriuli burjebi saSualo 

zomis Tanabari kvadrebiTaa nagebi da waagavs ujarmuls. 

aqac ugemovnod, yvelaferi Tavidan auSenebiaT 

da Txemze sul magidebia gaSlili turistebisaTvis. 

aqvea ormo wylis (?) maragisaTvis. aq vnaxeT lamazi 

axalgazrda, qarTulad molaparake. universitetis satyeo 

fakulteti davamTavre da axla aspiranturaSi 

varo, 25 wlis ymawvili. qarTuli mSoblebisgan viswavle, 

wera-kiTxva ar vicio. Eeldarma 5 qarTul-Turquli 

anbani aCuqa. 

zedacixis aSeneba iustinianes xanas miewereba 

(VI s.). XIV s-Si genuelebi daeuflnen da Semates 

qvedacixe, aseve qalaqis galavani. XVI ss-Si osmalebi 

ikaveben. 

zedacixidan moCans mTeli qalaqi da porti. is 

bolo 20 welSi gaSenebuli qalaqia da quCebi ufro 

farToa, vidre trapizonSi. yvela Tavis qveyanaze 

zrunavs, metad vidre CvenTan. es marto am xalxis 

ukeTesoba araa. esaa kerZo sakuTrebis Cvenze 

xangrZlivi gancda... 

qalaqSi Camodis aSiklardere (SeyvarebulTa xevi). 

aq mdinareze erTmaliani Zv. xidi gadaviReT. 

44

zRvaSi, napiris siaxlove kldis kunZulze, oTxkuTxa 

koSkia. mas kizkale (qaliscixe) hqvia. es 

koSki sof. fazaris siaxlovesaa. 

es TurqebSi zogadi saxelia garkveuli cixeebisa. 

Sdr.: `brolis cixe~ CvenTan... bagrationebis vebgverdze 

mas aTinas * cixe hqvia. saidan iReben am 

Zvel saxelebs (?). am koSks Relvisa ar eSinia, radgan 

win kidevaa dabali kldeebi. koSkis daniSnuleba 

iqneboda Semomavali navebisa da zRvispira gzis (?) 

kontroli. 

kidev erTi xevi uerTdeba zRvas, esaa xoja qiofru 

qoi (didi xidis soflis xevi). aq mdinareze, 

marTlac, xidis nangrevia; SerCenilia marcxena 

napiris mali. Sua da marjvena napiris TaRovani 

malebi dangreulia. es xidebi waagavan Cvens aWarul 

xidebs. 

erTi cixis nangrevi migvaswavles: jixakale. is 

arc braiers, arc bagrationebs ar uCanT. xeobis Suawelze, 

erT ganmxoloebul mTazea is aSenebuli. irgvliv 

ferdobebi Cais buCqebs daufaravs. cixeze misvlas 

aZnelebs ekal-bardebi da gansakuTrebiT irgvliv 

movlebuli Txrili. cixe Sedgeba centraluri 

mrgvali koSkisa da galavnisagan, romelsac naxevarwriuli 

burjebi aqvs 3-3 saTofuriT: saSualo zomis 

nagleji qvebi regularul mwkrivebad. galavnis wyoba 

narevia, kedlis sisqec meti siganis: xSiri gadake- 

Tebis kvali... or adgilas Sesasvlelebs mozrdili 

oTxkuTxa koSkebi axlavs. kedlebi sul dafarulia 

mcenareebiT, amitom kinogadaReba ar Sedga. 

es xevebi Sereuli tyeebiTaa dafaruli da soflebic 

mTaSia SeyuJuli. aq mosaxleoba lazuria, cis- 

* SeniSvna d. berZeniSvilisa: fazaris Zveli saxelwodeba 

aTinaa! 

45

feri TvalebiT. erTma Turqul saubarSi SemTxveviT 

ixmara `va miCqu~.. am lazur garemoSi iqneb es jixakalec 

lazur `jixas~ Seicavdes. miT ufro, rom Turquli 

axsna mas ar eZebneba!.. 

kidev erTi lamazi cixea aseTsave Semdeg xeoba- 

Si _ firtina dereSi. mas zil-kales uwodeben. 

esaa oTxsarTuliani oTxkuTxa koSki, romelsac 

irgvliv galavani da saTavsoebi axlavs. amasac 

axali kedlebiT aSeneben turistebisaTvis. Zv. 

wyobaSi nagleji qvebis Tevzifxuri mwkrivebi (?) 

meniSna... 

esaa XIII s-Si komninosebis agebuli cixe, romelsac 

XVI s-Si osmalebi euflebian. maTivea es koSkic. 

aq 40 askeri akontrolebda “abreSumis gzaso”, asea 

abraze. mis dros ki 450-mde mebrZols itevdao. am 

gzis kontrols es cixe meore cixesTan SeTanxmebiT 

axorcielebdao. es cixe, sadRac zeviT unda yofiliyo, 

xeobaSi. e.i. gza iqiT gadioda, saiT? * 

cixidan xeobis bolos erT lazs mivadeqiT. Ciqovani 

vyofilvar da colic Ciqovaniao. 4 Svilis 

mama qarTuls amtvrevda. amasac davutoveT anbani. 

sakuTari saxli, mdinareSi `gemi~ restorani, 

sakalmaxe, motelsac vaSenebo... am xeobaSi 3 

calmaliani xidia, erTze manqanac gadadis. 10 s-ze 

arTvinSi sastumroSi davbinavdiT. 

9.07.08 

dRes wavediT maWaxlis saTaveebSi. daudi iqauria. 

iq 6 sofeli TurqeTs darCa 1921 w. moskovis zaviT, 

danarCeni soflebi _ Cven. akria, efrati, mindieTi, 

zedvake, qvabisTavi, xerTvisi. aq cecxlaZis Cana- 

* es gza pontos qeds gadaivlis da Woroxis xeobaSi Cadis 

– SeniSvna m. fxaWiaSvilisa. 

46

wer mikrotoponimiaSi moniSnuli mqonda saintereso 

saxelebi. mindoda adgilze Semowmeba. mivediT maWaxlis 

erT saTavesTan, saidanac moCanda sof. efrati. 

iq gurjebi dagvixvdnen, metyeveebi. imaTTan saubris 

mere daudma Cveni iq Cayvana gadaifiqra. arada iqaa 

nadarbazevi, nanino, naWiSkrevi (akria); 

navanevi, naqalaqevi, naqilisavi, ziareTi 

sirTi, saxati Rele, qvakacivake (efrati), 

nacixari, naarxvevi, cixiani (mindieTi), 

inawminda, naqilisvari, naWiSkrevi, yuruxidi 

(qvabisTavi)... iqneb Cven maWaxelSi mainc moxerxdes 

sxva adgilebis moxilva... 

mere Savi tba vnaxeT (es SavSeTia?), yaragiol da 

naviT gaviseirneT. Aaqauri kalmaxi meukeTesa... am tbidan 

iRebs saTaves qlaskuris xevi. 

Woroxi daugubebiaT eleqtrosadgurisaTvis. mas 

Cauylapavs qlaskuris xevis nawili, Cais fabrika, me- 

CeTi; mxolod minareTis zeda nawili Cans wyalSi. 

Woroxze ori aseTi sadguri ukve mzad aqvT, apireben 

_ 16-s. ra eSveleba Woroxis zRvasTan SesarTavs?... 

qlaskuris xevisa da Woroxis SesarTavTan, orive 

mdinaris marcxena napirze, kldovan borcvze, qvevidan 

koSki SevniSneT. avediT. aRmoCnda mc. erTnaviani, 

darbazuli eklesia (daxl. 3X4 m). saxuravi 

kldis daumuSavebeli lodebiT duRabze. Sesasvleli 

W-danaa, romelsac zeviT TaRi axlavs. arqitravis 

gareTa nawili Camovardnilia. Cans O mogrZo sarkmeli, 

S-iT _ kvadratuli. sakurTxeveli brtyelia. 2-3 

adgilas sarezonanso Wuria. qveda sarTulSi saZvalea, 

romelsac N Sesasvleli aqvs, aqac TaRia. saflavebi 

najijgnia, dasulan kldemde. eklesiis dabla 

kidev raRac nagebobebia, aseTivea wyobac. iq erTgan 

TaRuri gadaxurvis mogrZo Senobis naSTia S-N mimar- 

47

Tulebisa. (satrapezo?)... aq senakebi da sameurneo sa- 

Tavsebi iqneboda albaT monastrisa. es unda iyos 

XIV_XV s-is nagebobebi, sof. xebas naqilisvaria. 

aq beriZe cxovrobs borCxidan gadmosuli. 

gurjebma qarTuli ician. es namonastrali ar 

icis arcerTma rukam. 

samagierod, arTvinis turistul rukaze aRniSnulia 

eklesia, borCxis siaxloves, arkaqoi. aq sibneleSi 

gumbaTiani eklesia davlandeT. aRmoCnda oTxive 

mxriT brtyelafsidiani, maRali, mTeli gumbaTiT gadarCenili 

nageboba das. karibWiT. mas farTo, TaRovani 

Sesavleli aqvs. oTxsave kedelSi TiTo sarkmelia 

da TiTo momaRlo niSa. gumbaTi trompebis gare- 

Se azis kedlebs. O sakurTxevlis kedelic brtyelia. 

eklesia moxatuli yofila. freskebi dazianebulia. 

SerCenilia qarTuli asomTavruli warwerebi 

da berZnuli. paleografiulad XIII s-is Semdgomi xanaa: 

à~-is zeda xazi mucels moSorebulia; `d~-is mucelSi 

à~-ia SewiaRebuli... 

10.07.08 

mamawmindis O sakurTxevlis marjvena svetis Zir- 

Si, oTxkuTxa CarCoSi 11 striqoniani asomTavruliT 

Sesrulebuli warweraa: 

1------------------------------- isaoieso 

2------------------------------- ?yadv 

3------------------------------- zpnmin 

4------------------------------- gpvin 

5------------------------------- ??????? 

6------------------------------- ??????? 

7??????????????????????????????? 

8?????????????????????????????? 

9????????????????????????????? 

48

mamawmindidan ukana gzaze cixe davinaxeT, Woroxis 

marjvniv. aq ori xevi uerTdeba mTavar mdinares, 

romelTa SemaerTebel gzaze, maRal mTaSia, es cixe. 

sofels hqvia esenler qoi, xevs _ sankoTi, cixec 

sankoTisaa. SemorCenili kedlebisa da koSkebis 

wyoba ùjarmulia~, saSualo zomis kldis lodebi, 

regularuli mwkrivebiT. koSkebi zogi mrgvalia, 

zogi _ kuTxovani, qveda cixeSi eklesiis nangrevia: 

das. nawilis TaRovani gadaxurva, zevidan orferda 

gadaxurvis nakvaleviT. Sesasvleli eqneboda 

misasvlel, N mxridan. S kedelSi pilastris nawilia. 

sakurTxevlis moxazuloba TiTqmis gegmaSi ikiTxeba. 

aqvea amolesili wylis auzi, kldeSi amokveTili. is 

mogrZoa, kldeSi Znelad sakveTi. 

qveda cixidan zedaSi amavali gza swor kedlebs 

Soris gadis, N-iT mrgvali koSki yofila. zedacixes 

mcire farTobi uWiravs da ramdenime saTavsia. aqedan 

SesaniSnavi xedia: Woroxis Segubebuli, daklaknili 

dineba, gaRma soflebi. marjvena sanapiroze ori 

mezobeli, paraleluri xevi, Tavisi soflebiT, maTi 

SemaerTebeli, cixis N-iT gamavali gza, romelsac cixe 

akontrolebs. eklesia cixeSi, misi patronis aq 

xangrZliv yofnas mowmobs. zedacixeSi saTofurebicaa. 

cixis qveviTac raRac nagebobaTa kvalia _ 

cixisZiri. 

es cixe SesaZloa IX-X s-sa iyos, aSot kurapalatis 

droisa,… is turistul rukaze Cans, xuTversianze 

iqneba _ baqir qoi kale. 

gzad arTvinis cixe gadaviReT Woroxis 

marcxena, maRal, kldovan sanapiroze. iq ZiriTadi 

koSki moCans, erTi samzeriT Woroxisaken. cixeSi 

jari dgas, ar migviSveben. cixis ukan arTvinia, 

50

qvevidan TaRi iWers _ zed kibeebi amoWrili da dalagebuli 

qvis safexurebad iqneboda. qalaqs Tavisi 

galavani, eklesiis nangrevi (IX s.) da sasaxlis kedlebi 

SerCenia. daudma eseni aRar icoda da Cven SevniSneT 

anCidan dabrunebulebma. eklesia da sasaxle 

bagrationebs aqvT veb-gverdze. 

anCisaken misasvlelad gzas gavyeviT NW-iT zeganze, 

artanujs zevidan davxedeT: gzajvaredinis 

centrSia yvelafris makontrolebeli. àrzena~ mis 

irgvliv zegnebzea Sefenili. artaanisken aqidan mimavali 

gza umoklesia. yovelmxiv gamoyofili klde miuvalia. 

uReltexili gadaviareT da sxva xevSi daveSviT. 

ulamazesi soflis SO ferdobze nangrevebad qceul 

taZars mivadeqiT. is ar unaxavT bagrationebs, ar 

auzomiaT. kldis gadaRma NO-iT xeobis soflebia da 

aqeT momavali gza. eklesiis S-iT didi nagebobis sa- 

Tavsebia _ iqneb satrapezo, an episkoposis sadgomi. 

mefis darbazobis gangebaSi (XIII s.) ??? mgonia na- 

Tqvamia: `pirvelad Semovides didisa anCisa 

episkopozi da dajdes mefis marjvniv...~ klarjeTis 

episkoposis es upirvelesoba iqneb tradicias 

emyareboda: anCis xatis sagalobelSi (arsen 

bulmaisimis Ze) xom naTqvamia, rom andriam aq moitana 

macxovris xelTuqmneli xati... 

mSvenieri xiliani sofelia, utkbilesi bali... 

ukana gzaze gamovuareT axizis cixes. 

artanujiswylis marcxnivaa, kldeze. mrgvali 

burjebisa Tu koSkebis masivebi saSualo zomis 

Tanabari qvebiT, regularuli mwkrivebia. ùjarmuli~ 

wyoba kargad erwymis qc-is cnobas: vaxtangma aq 

aaSena cixe da Sig pirveli eklesia, romelic 

52

saepiskopod iqcao. klarjeTSi es ori saepiskoposo 

iyo. 

cixeze mcire farTobia kldis xerxemalsa da 

ferdze. O-iT mrgvali burjis SigniT, raRac nagebobis 

ZirSi, oTxkuTxa amoSenebuli amosasvlelia. xom 

araa wylis gvirabi? 

xerxemalze erTi bunebrivi gamoqvabulia. yvelaze 

maRal adgilas nangrevis kvalia (koSkis?) cota 

O-iT meore aseTive nangrevis nakvalevia eklesiis? 

cixis qveviT gamoqvabulebia, erTi amoSenebuli Ta- 

Ria. 

12.07.08 

dolisyanaSi avediT. es mSvenieri taZari 

mTelia, gadaarCina meCeTad gadaqcevam. axlac 

restavracias utareben. garedan da Signidan. 

orsarTulad gadaqceuls, axla asufTaveben. aqauri 

samxr. sarkmlis warwera da bareliefebi metyveleben 

eklesiis mTavrangelozebis, miqaelisa da gabrielis 

saxelobaze. 

ucnobi unda iyos S minaSenis warwera sakurTxevelSi: 

macxovris reliefur gamosaxulebas samkuTxa 

qvaze warwerebi aqvs amoWrili: ìeso qriste~. qveviT: 

`wmidai ese eklesiÁ akurTxe dResa~. mis qveviT ori 

kvadratuli qvidan erTi dakargulia. iq dawyebuli 

warwera albaT meore qvaze grZeldeboda: `mefes... 

ram... qriste Seiwyale~. 

S minaSenidan mTavari taZris Sesasvlelis arqitravi 

mogvianebiT SeulesiaT da mouxatavT. aq marcxniv 

3 figura moCans, mavedrebel pozaSi. Semdeg, 

ori mozrdili figuris qveda tani koWebamde kabebSi. 

ar vici remontis gamo Tu adreve, Selesiloba zogan 

acvenilia da moCans ori striqoni nusxuri warweris 

53

nawili. qveviTac warweraa asomTavruli. aqac nawilia. 

gairCeva sityvebi `davwere~... `locvebad~ (?) 

sakurTxevelSi moxatulobisa da warweraTa (ganmartebiTi) 

naSTebia. 

S kedelze Sesasvlelis marcxniv freskul gamosaxulebebze 

qarTuli nakawri minawerebia: `qriste 

Seiwyale moZRvari petre gabrielis Ze dResa petrepavlobasa 

22~. saocaria, rom dRes, petre-pavloba 

dRes, vkiTxulob amas!!.. 

qveviT nusxuriT amokawrulia: `saSinelo mTavarangelozno 

miqel da Ggabriel Raribs maxareb (els 

SeewieT)“... qveviT mxedruliT: „maxarebels“. 

zeviT, Savi fanqriT rusuli samxedroebis minawerebi 

1889. qveviT rusuladve: farsadan miqelaZe, 

1903 w. maisi. 

samxreTis kedelze mihrabia meCeTobis periodisa. 

aqvea arabuli freskuli warweris naSTi. dolisyana 

Zv. qarTvelTa aqaur meurneobaze migviTiTebs. axla 

xexilia. 

xuciSvilis Satberdis ZebnaSi mivadeqiT sof. 

gurjanis dangreul saydars. maRali O kedlisa da 

das. kedlis naSTebi. irgvliv sxvadasxva nagebobaTa 

naSTebia. bagrationebs es ùcnauri~ eklesia VIII-IX 

s-ebiT aqvT daTariRebuli. aq es saxeli albaT osmalobis 

droindelia... 

rogorc iqna, mivadeqiT sof. boselTas. sainteresoa, 

rom adgilobrivi Turqebi uwodeben am 

sofels Satberds. Aaseve aqvT aRniSnuli turistul 

rukazedac. es xuciSvili-bagrationebis Semdgom ar 

momxdara. maS qarTvelebma rodis daiviwyes es 

saxeli da rodindelia boselTa?.. 

aq marTlac uzarmazari, gafcqvnili taZris Con- 

Cxia. aris mcire salocavic da sxva SenobaTa naS- 

54

Tebi. yvelaferi buCqebs daufaravs. yvelaze STambe- 

Wdavia veeba lodebiT, regularul mwkrivebad nagebi 

mogrZo didi Senobis naSTi. is an skriptoriumi, an 

satrapezoa. xuciSvils mxolod misi foto moaqvs. Zalian 

STambeWdavi nangrevebia... * 

kidev ufro mniSvnelovania kldis xerxemlis daboloebaze 

mdgari cixe, romelic eklesiis NO-Taa. 

Zvelma nagzaurma kldes migvayena, mere bilikiT viareT 

daaxl. 500 m. kldeze. meore mxare frialoa. 

veeba cixe merTlac Sat-berdia. 

misasvlel mxares 25 m-mde momrgvalebuli samsarTuliani 

koSki da `talRuri~ kedlebia, Zveli mozrdili 

lodebiT horizontalurad nagebi. Sesasvlels 

(O mxares) TaRuri gadaxurva aqvs. iqve, marjvniv 

mcire eklesiis nangrevia S minaSeniT. mc. navi 

daaxl. 2,5 m. X 4 m. Cans afsidis qveda rigi. mis Tavze, 

damcvel kedelze, raRac farTo da maRali niSaa 

gaurkveveli daniSnulebisa. 

Sida cixis oTxkuTxa koSki orsarTuliania. aqvs 

ori sarkmeli momrgvalebuli TavsarTebiT. Ddas. gaWrili 

oTxkuTxa gasasvleli miuval kldeze gadis... 

albaT SemovliTi biliki iyo samxr. ferdze. Sida cixesTan 

Wuria. eklesiis das. kedelTan ki lodze amo- 

Wrili 4-5 safexuri midis oTxkuTxa amoRarul CaRrmavebasTan. 

mere aqedan N-iT gayvanili RariT Cadis 

amolesil wylis ormoSi. albaT, wvimis wyals agrovebdnen. 

aseTi STambeWdavi cixe me aq jer ar minaxavs... 

Satberdis cixe, saxelwodebis mixedviT, 

TiTqos win unda uswrebdes taZarsa da sofelsac. es 

* d.berZeniSvilis SeniSvna: aq amboben _ Tamaris cixeao e.i. 

_ Zvelia. xuciSvilis rukaze is „klajaTis cixea“ (bereqeTi?). 

55

cixe meti sabuTia taZris (Satberdis) aq dasagulveblad, 

rac enirabaTSi ara Cans. sofelSi veRar 

SevediT. iusufelSi vivaxSmeT da Rame parxalSi 

amovediT. 

Woroxis xeobis sofelTa qarT. saxelebi: agara, 

boselTa, gurjani... xancTelis cxovrebis monacemebi 

enirabaTis, an boselTas sasargeblod jer verafers 

meubneba... 

13.07.08 

guSin ficrulSi gavaTeneT. cxeli wyali iyo. 

dRes parxalis didebul taZars movakiTxeT. is 

aRwerili aqvs eqvTimes 8 . saRebaviT Sesrulebuli warwera 

Sua navis S TaRebSi dResac garkveviT ikiTxeba. 

saocari sididis taZari dResac mTelia, Tumca 

meCeTobis droidan etyoba remontis kvalic. SigniT 

meCeTi gavaRebineT. uzarmazari sivrce N kedelze 

qoraliT ikveTeba. ori maRali niSaa sakurTxevlis 

wina or svetSi. samxreTis svetze reliefuri 

CuqurTma da sam-sami figuraa gamokveTili 

svetisTavze. aq dgeboda episkoposi, N-iT albaT 

monastris mamasaxlisi. 

SigniT moxatvis kvalia. Crdilo kedelze reliefia 

ostatis figuriTa da warweriT (N-sken). S-isken 

reliefuri warweraa `q _ e S _ e T _ dr _ t~ (Teodorite). 

turistebi iyvnen israelidan, istoria momkiTxes, 

mokled movuyevi inglisurad. 

es taZari oTxTa eklesiis aslia imave daviT 

kurapalatis agebuli. ufro didi unda iyos, saintresoa 

es wyvilebi: jvari-ateni, oTxTa-parxali, arjevansarvani-bWiTi... 

ratom mesameebi ar Sendeba maTi 

kopio? 

56

parxalis wylis gadaRma mTaze, ori calnaviani 

darbazuli eklesia eqvTimes aqvs. gamyoli patara bi- 

Wis mamam 50 lira mogvTxova _ aRar avediT. 

wavediT Tamaris arxis sanaxavad. avyeviT xevekis 

xevs, mivaRwieT sof. qobakis erT ubans: guneis (esaa 

Tbili, samxreTiT). aq Zveli qvebiT aSenebuli saxlis 

nangrevi vnaxeT: TaRiani, gaTlili Sesasvleli raRac 

Zv. nagebobisa, aseve gaTlili, saSualo zomis qvebi. 

aq arxi ver migvaswavles, Tumca daTunaca 9 da eqvTimec 

mas asaxeleben _ albaT aq iwyeba. Mmeore ubani 

wyalgaRmaa, mas yuzei (civi) hqvia. aq gurjebi cxovroben, 

amboben baTumis mxridano. qobaks isini iazreben: 

qvad da buqad (zamTari aseTiao). aq isini axla 

zafxulobiT amodian, zamTars qveviT, WilaTSi. qar- 

Tuli saxelebia: ieTi, xeva, wyals uwodeben xevs. 

soflebia sajvareTi, wiflakari (an wiTlakari), 

qveda soflebSia: kakali, vaSli, vazi, leRvi, bali 

da alubali, asevea parxalSic. 

Tamaris arxi migvaswavles zavrieTSi, balxibarSi... 

daudma daigula da wvimac wamovida. 

iZulebuli gavxdiT wamovsuliyaviT iusufelSi. gzad 

ori cixe davinaxeT. aqeT wamosvlisas (mzian dReSi) 

vnaxavT iusufelidan (20 km-ia, naxevari saaTis gzaze). 

14.07.08 

dRes oTxTasaken wasulebma kavkasiZeebis 

cixes gavuareT. Tamazma 10 Semouara asasvlelis 

ZebnaSi. avalT oRond TokiTo. me unda vcado. 

oTxTa eklesia RamiT vnaxe SarSan... es ufro 

momwons: aq ufro igrZnoba siZvele, amkobs sxva Senobebic. 

moxatuloba odnav moCans. esec parxaliviT 

mTelia, oRond ufro mcire. is, jamed qceuli, movlil-SekeTebulia... 

57

ufro mcire, darbazuli, erTnaviani, eklesia 

iqve SO-iT. iq ufro Warbad Cans aguri. saxuravi Caqceulia 

magram lamazia sakurTxevlis TaRi. sainteresoa 

samkveTlosa da sadiakvnos adgilze Seqmnili 

mcire niSebi sakurTxevlis orsave mxares. am eklesiis 

qveS daxSuli, Rarovani sivrcea SesavleliT Odan 

(gamongreulia). esaa saZvale, areuli maZieblebis 

mier. 

mTavar taZarSi samkveTlo da sadiakvno orsar- 

Tulianebia sakuTari asasvlelebiT (misadgmeli kibe?). 

das. minaSeni gviani unda iyos. mas ebjineba grZeli 

Senoba N-S-iT damxrobili, sakuTari SesasvleliT 

SO kuTxeSi. esaa satrapezo, romlidanac N gasasvleliT 

gadiodnen skriptoriumSi. esaa Rrma TaRebiT, 

orad gayofili, ufro farTo, naTeli Senoba, sadac 

iwerdnen, Targmnidnen berebi... oTxTa eklesia 

oTxi maxaroblis saxelobazea agebuli daviT kurapalatis 

mefobisas, is aTeuli wlebiT unda uswrebdes 

parxals. 

wyalgaRma kldeze erTnaviani darbazuli eklesia 

Cans. aRwerilia eqvTimesTan... 

aqedan speridan momaval gzas davadeqiT, Woroxis 

marcxena napirze feTereqis cixe vnaxeT. esaa 4-5 

mrgvali koSki galavniT gaerTianebuli. wyoba narevia, 

baTqaSze. mTavari koSki 3 sarTuliania, saTofurebiT 

mosasvleli mxrisaken. cixeSi wylis mrgvali 

ormos nangrevi Cans. mosasvleli mxriskenve erTi 

brtyeli kedeli, uZiro napralis TaRiT dahyurebs. 

es araa amosasvleli. me vTvli, esaa zarbaznis safari, 

romelic aq mosasvlel mxares icavs. kidev erTi 

mrgvali koSkia mosasvlelis klde-karSi. is marto 

kldekars ki ara, iq Camomdinare wylis damcavicaa. 

58

albaT gviani, osmaluri cixea gzis damcavi speridan 

iusufelisaken. 

iusufelis SesasvlelSi, Woroxis marjvniv, mcire 

erTnaviani, gafcqvnili eklesiis nangrevia. e.i. 

iusufelis adgilas Zv. sofeli yofila, saxeli?.. 

isev Tamaris arxis sanaxavad avediT da guSindeliviT, 

4 saaTidan wvima daiwyo. diliTaa mosvla 

saWiro. gurjma devaZem, xeobaSi pansionatis patronma, 

kalmaxi mogvarTva da ludi... mas anbani aCuqa eldarma. 

wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebaa 

TurqeTSi... biWebi manqanis saxuravs gauSianurdnen, 

iqidan iReben yvelafers. 

Cveni sastumro `barselona~ 40-dolariani nomrebiT, 

yvelaze Zviria, rac aqamde gvqonia. aq orjeradi 

kveba fasSi igulisxmeba. 

aq SarSan yofnis dros, sanaZe 11 Tavisi meuRliT 

cxovrobda. Rame vewvieT; axlaRa gamaxsnda, aq 50 miani 

auzia Ria cis qveS. ratomRac aravin banaobs. 

sastumros patroni qarTvelia, misi coli espaneli. 

aqedanaa sastumros saxeli `barselona~. 

15.07.08 

dRes gadavwyviteT orjer CaSlili (wvimebis gamo) 

Tamaris arxis monaxuleba. dagvabnia eqvTimesa 

da qobakeli gurjis monacemebma. eqvTimes etyoba 

arxi ar unaxavs da zepirnaTqvami Caiwera: arxi 

iwyebao sof. uTavSi, qobakis maxloblad 

dasruldebao zavrieTSi. gurji sul sxvagan 

migviTiTebda. daTuna, sxvebTan erTad, zavrieTs 

migviTiTebda. Aamitom mivakiTxeT am gurjul sofels 

da adgilobriv ahmeds mivakiTxeT ojaxSi. davsxediT, 

velaparakeT Turqul-qarTulad. coli ufro 

enawyliani gamodga. soflis monacemebi ukan Caviwere. 

mere ahmadi gamogvyva da miuxedavad siZneleebisa, sa- 

59

Tavemde migviyvana. is ki gamodga uTavidan qediT 

gamoyofili xevis saTave, romelic (xeviswyali) veeba 

lodiT orad iyofa. erTi didi nawili xevad 

miedineba, meore ki kldes mouyveba soflisken. mTeli 

arxis gavlas soflamde 40 wuTi movandomeT, daaxl. 

3 km. es arxi adgilebSi kldeSia gaWrili, meore 

mxaresac yoriTaa gamoyvanili, zogan meore mxaresac 

kldea. axla am arxs uvlian da betoniT amagreben, 

zogan ki miwayrilSi modis. arxs iyeneben sarwyavad, 

adre kidevac svamdnen. sasmeli wylis milic aqve 

iRebda saTaves, romelic axla gawyvetilia. wyali 

sxvagniT mohyavT milebiT. 

Cemi ZiriTadi daskvnaa: parxlis xeoba arxebis 

ganviTarebuli qseliT xasiaTdeba. TiTqmis yvela, 

parxlis wylidan zeviT myof soflebs, aseTi arxebi 

parxliswylis Senakadi xevebidan aqvs gamoyvanili. 

amitom qobaki da uTavi zavrieTTan am arxiT ver iqneboda 

dakavSirebuli. e.i. imaT, rogorc yvela sofels, 

Tavisi arxebi hqondaT, rac xalxma erTmaneTs 

daukavSira da Tamars miawera maTi siZvelis gamo. samanqano 

gza wvimisgan wamxdari aseTi arxebidan gadmosuli 

wylis CanCqerebiTaa gadavsebuli. 

madlierebma col-qmari Cveni manqaniT aviyvaneT 

wiTlakarSi. balxi da balxibari aseve qarTuli 

(gurjuli) soflebis saxelebia. 

gzaze gadaviReT da ar avsulvarT sarigiolis 

cixeze, parxliswylis marcxniv. durbindiT momeCvena 

Txeli kedlebi, nagleji qvebis gviani wyobiT. osmalur 

nagebobad CavTvale... 

meore ufro dabla myofi cixe mdinaris marjvnivaa 

kldeze. mas kaspirukis cixes uZaxian. 

miuvaliao. durbindSi gviani wyoba momeCvena, Tumca 

narevic ZvelTan da ufro mniSvnelovani, vidre 

60

sarigiolis cixe (iq `yviTeli tba~ arsad Cans). am 

kaspirukis qveS sofels hqvia derekafu…e.i. 

xeviskari da cixec misi Camketia... 

am or cixes Soris, mdinaris marcxniv erTi saxli 

davinaxe terasebze, mxolod venaxi hqonad gaSenebuli. 

aq Rvinos ar ayeneben, yurZens yidian, sakmaod 

Zviriao, gviTxres... 

16.07.08 

dRes kavkasiZeebis cixeze gvindoda asvla _ 

ar agviSves, saSiSiao. Bb. kudava 12 auyvaniaT alpinistebs... 

eqvTimes mieri iqauri eklesiis warwera murvan 

kavkasiZisa XV s-saa da eklesiis ganaxlebas gvauwyebs. 

is unda yofiliyo am sagvareulos rezidencia. 

maTive yofila parxali da oTxTa; 

eqvTime ar ganmartavs es samefo monastrebi rodis 

iqca sakavkasiZod... afsidaSi qtitori unda iyos 

gamoxatuli oTxTa eklesiis maketiT. zeviT eqvTimes 

TqmiT, mose yofila, romelic RmerTisgan iRebso qvis 

filebs 10 mcnebiT... aseT uCveulo freska mis siZveleze 

metyvelebso. gasarkvevia sakavkasiZos moculoba 

da TariRi... 

ispiridan arTvins momavali (iusufeli 1950ian 

wlebSi daarsda) gza Woroxs mouyveboda. rukebze 

3 cixe unaxavi gvqonda. zevidan daviwyeT. 

Woroxis zemo weli ufro ganierdeba da aq soflebi 

ufro mis WalebSia ganlagebuli. waagavs buneba 

mtkvrispirebs samcxeSi. aq mTebi ufro titvelia, vidre 

parxliswylis xeobaSi. 

sof. qiofru gorenTan xevi uerTdeba Woroxs 

marjvnidan. xerTvisSi mcire kldovani borcvia, romelzedac 

oTxkuTxa koSkia nagleji kldis qviT Sereuli 

wyobiT naSeni. mxolod kuTxis qvebia mozrdi- 

61

li, gaTlili lodebi. ori samzeri Woroxs gahyurebs: 

an gza iyo marcxena maxres, an navebiT dauyvebodnen. 

qveviT galavnis nangrevebia. oSnaxis cixe 

osmaluri unda iyos, gzis Camketi Woroxsa da mis Senakad 

xevze. 

ufro dabla Woroxs uerTdeba ersisis xevi. aq 

gza gadis Woroxis marjvena mxridan am xeviT oSkis 

taZarze gardamavali. iq maRali kldis xerxemalia, 

romlis qimzea ersisis cixe (mdebareobiT waagavs 

boselTis cixes). yoveli mxridan miuvals, samanqano 

gziT davadeqiT qedidan. aqedan advilad mosasvlelia 

da 30 m-mde simaRlis koSki da kedlebia, aqedanve 

aqvs Sesasvleli, am samsarTulian, oTxkuTxa 

koSks. eklesiis kvali araa. aris mrgvali wlis ormo, 

yru kedelebiani oTxkuTxa mcire, izolirebuli 

koSkis nangrevi, 4-5 saTavsi. yvelaferi nagleji qviT 

baTqaSzea nagebi. esec osmaluri cixe unda iyos, 

TorTomis xeobidan aqeT momavali gzis Camketi: swored 

miskenaa miSverili samzerebi. cixis qveS sof. 

ersisia. 

am xevis WoroxTan SesarTavSi, auval kldeze kidev 

erTi nacixaris nangrevia sof. 

seluqbaRlarTan. isic osmaluri unda iyos 

Woroxis gzis modaraje. 

olTisis wylis marjvena Senakadze xuciSvils 

iSxnis cixe aqvs aRniSnuli, Tumca is 

iSxnisxevisagan qediTaa gamoyofili. iq 

pamukCularis cixe dahyurebs maRali kldidan mis 

qveS gaSlil sofels. aq erTi zurgiani koSkia 3-4 

sarTuliT. samzerebi da saTofuri misasvlel 

mxaresaa, ovalur galavnis SigniT saTavsTa naSTebia. 

Sesavleli S-dan hqoniaT. kari qvisa yofila 

qusliani. kedlebi Txeli, narevi, gviani osmaluria. 

62

imave xevis marjvniv amoSenebuli cixeqvabia 3 

nawilad. 3-4 sarTuli moCans. wyoba aqac gviania. 

iSxanic vnaxeT... 

17.07.08 

iusufelis bukletSi raRac eklesia iyo galavniT. 

bevri veZebeT, migvaswavles: olTisiswyals marjvnidan 

xevi uerTdeba iSxnisxevis zemoT. iq zeganze 

avediT qveviT sof. darijia, zeganze misi ubani – saritosum. 

Sua sofelSi Zveli erTnaviani darbazuli 

Senobaa. eklesias Seasvleli N-idan aqvs, aqve meore 

karia sanaxevrod amovsebuli. afsidaSic erTi oTxkuTxa 

niSa N mxaresaa da sarkmelic. naSenia saSualo 

zomis gaTlili qvebiT regularulad. 

soflis NO-iT kidev 2 eklesiaa. aqedan erTi mozrdili 

gaTlili qvebis rigebiT naSenia, romelsac 

enacvleba brtyeli swori qvebi. mozrdili darbazi 

samnaviania. rogorRac viwro N da S navebiT. N Cangreulia, 

S ukeT gadarCenili. S SemosasvlelTan es navi 

kedliTaa gadaketili. mas Tavisi afsida, sarkmeli 

da 2 oTxkuTxa niSa aqvs. lamazia misi TaRi. W SesasvleliT 

farTo Sua navSi Sesuls afsidaSi moxatulobis 

kvali gvxdeba. eklesiis S-iT oTxkuTxa Senoba 

zeviT samreklo, qveviT saZvale unda iyos. 

meore, aguris erTnaviani darbazuli eklesiaa. 

mas W Sesasvleli aqvs. daxurva _ mTeli. afsidaSi 

ori momaRlo niSaa, S-iT ufro maRali. N da S kedlebSi, 

2 farTo TaRiT gamoyofili farTia, win SemaRlebuli, 

oTxkuTxa iatakiT. qveS TaRovani sa- 

Zvalea (?). 

am eklesias agurisave galavani da oTxkuTxa 

karibWe aqvs, romlis O-kedelSi kibea, albaT samrekloze 

aRmavali, romelic axla mongreulia. es gan- 

63

sxvavebebi am bolo eklesias somxurad mafiqrebinebs. 

is ufro gviani meCveneba, vidre 2 sxva. soflis O-iT 

maRal kldeze cixea. maRali 3-4 sarTuliani, mrgvali 

da oTxkuTxa koSkebi nagleji qvis narevi wyobisa, 

aris Tevzifxuric. gadakeTeba-remonti cxadia. 

qveda cixeSi Sesasvleli TaRovania, kuTxiani arqitraviT. 

aqvea raRac TaRovani, yrukedlebiani dafluli 

Senoba, iqneb sanovagis sawyobi. mis O-iT SemaRlebaze 

oTxkuTxa mogrZo usaxuravo darbazi SeiZleba 

eklesia iyos N SesasvleliTa da erTi sarkmliT Osken. 

sakurTxeveli brtyelia. zedacixes garedan 4kuTxa 

Sesasvleli uCans, iq ver mivediT. es miuvali 

cixe SesaZloa, Zvelze daSenebuli osmaluri simagre 

iyos. S-iT qedze bilikebia, iqneb iSxnisken mimavalic... 

soflis Zvel eklesias sasaflao akravs. Camosvlisas 

soflis saxeli gviTxres _ xnZor... 

mere wavediT xaxulSi... es me SarSan vnaxe. 

molam kari gagviRo meCeTSi, romelmac Seinaxa Zegli 

mTlianad. gadaviRe Zvel xidze daSenebuli axali. 

gamovuareT azortis cixes, gadaviReT, asvla xval 

aSmaSenTan erTad. gadaviReT TorTumiswylis 

CanCqeri, romelic turistebisTvis mouwyviaT. tbaSi 

naxevarkunZulze sasauzmea turistebisa. oSkSi 

sibneliT movediT: ase undodaT gadaReba 

“kinoSnikebs”... xval iusufelidan 

TorTumiswyals gavyvebiT arzrumisken. vnaxavT 

aSmaSenisa da azortis cixeebs, TorTumsac _ Tu movaswariT. 

iusufels 5 weliwadSi kaSxalis wyalsacavi 

dafaravs, 1250-an w-Si agebuls. 

18.07.08 

dRes davtoveT iusufeli. pirvelad vnaxeT aSma- 

Senis cixe. me da Tazo wavediT. sxvebma Tqves _ miu- 

64

valiao. Toki Camaba, Tumca ar damWirvebia... droSa 

aitanes Turqebma da Cvenc avediT. cixe ori nawilisaa 

_ qveda cixeSi mrgvali koSkiT Semodixar. is orsarTuliani 

unda yofiliyo. iqvea xaro ovaluri, 

amoSenebuli kedlebiT. galavnis samzerebi yvela mosasvlelsa 

da wylispira gzas gadahyureben. qveda cixidan 

zedaze asasvlelSi baTqaSis ori nakvalevia 

(naxevarwriuli) iqneb Wurebze migviTiTebdes. zeda 

cixis mrgval koSkSi sapirfareSo dabali niSaa da 

xvreli kedlis sisqeSi. aq Cacucqulma suraTi gadaviRe. 

magondeba mindacixe, Zamiscixe... esaa namdvili 

gzis Camketi cixe, r-c batonobs oSkis cixe-qveyanaze. 

wyobiT is araa ise Zveli, rogorc boselTa iyo, Tumca 

XIII_XV ss-Si iqneb Zvel nacixarze aSenda... 

oSkis saintereso detalebi isev gadaviReT, san- 

Teli davanTeT. me aq sakurTxevelSi freskul warweraSi 

jojiki maxsovda, damxvda `Sevamkve da ganvaSene~. 

saocaria CordvanelTa es veeba taZari. albaT basilis 

gadaburvis mere iReben (?). ratomaa mxolod aq 

ase dawvrilebiT moTxrobili mSeneblobis angariSi? 

sxvagan ratom araa? romeli mkiTxvelisTvisaa es saintereso? 

mTavari sakurTxeveli RvTismSoblisaa, S_wm. nikolozis, 

N-ioane naTlismcemlisa. da mainc am ukanasknelis 

saxelobisaa es kolosi. reliefebSic 

RvTismSobeli, ioane naTlismcemeli, qtitori mefeebia, 

wm. nikolozis freska sadRaa? arzrumis muzeum- 

Si silogavas 13 napovni reliefebia gadasaRebi. 

azortis cixe Soridanve itacebs Tvals. Mmis 

ZirSi xidiT gayolil gzas gavyeviT. iq axla am 

kldis qvebisgan quCis mosakirwylav kvadratul qvebs 

Wrian. 

65

asasvleli biliki sakmaod dakidulia. Tazo da 

me SevudeqiT. pirveli rac Segvxvda N ferdze, amoSenebuli 

gvirabi iyo, romelic, Cans, TorTomis wyalze 

Camodioda. O-iT aq mcire xevi uerTdeba mas _ marjvnidan. 

Ggvirabi Suaze Cangrulia, misi qveda nawili 

_ amoqolili. qveda cixeSi Sesasvleli mrgval koSkSi 

O-danaa. albaT gvirabs amoyolili bilikiT. SesasvlelTanve 

iwyeba gvrabSi Casasvleli. amis mere 

koSksave mTel simaRleze mihyveba kibed gaSlili dakiduli 

kedeli. avcocdeT Tokis gareSe. merec es 

asasvleli gvirabs mihyveba, adis O-iT myof 2 oTxkuTxa 

saTavsSi. mere isev kibeebiT asuli xvdebi usaxuravo 

koridorSi, romelic O-dan S-iT uvlis zeda 

cixis kompleqss da miadgeba mTavar, umaRles oTxku- 

Txa koSks. dakidul kldeebze erTgan S-iT, gasasvleli 

Caqceulia da derefnis bolomde ver mivediT. 

zedacixis Sesavleli O-iTaa, is axla isea Camozvavebuli 

miwiT, rom forTxviT Seisvleba. 

aq marcxniv veeba oTxkuTxa darbazia orsarTuliani. 

qveda Selesilia. misi farTia 10x12 kvm. gadaxurva 

(Tu iyo) albaT banuri iqneboda. ar mesmis am 

saTavsis daniSnuleba. mis mezoblad kariT Sedixar 

yru gamoqvabulSi _ albaT sanovagis Sesanaxi Tu 

iyo. marjvniv wylis didi ormoa amolesili, iqvea xaro 

da rac mTavaria, N ganapirze dgas mcire eklesia 

(3m.x4m.). is, rogorc yvela sxva kedlebi nagleji qviT 

baTqaSzea naSenebi. sakurTxevelSi erTi sarkmeli da 

2 kvadratuli niSaa. N sarkmeli da S Sesavlelic 

SerCenilia, gadaxurva aRaraa. Signidan Selesils moxatva 

aRar uCans... 

eklesiis SW-iT mcire naxevarwriuli kedelia, 

romlis TaRi N-iT gadis da zed gzas dahyurebs. aqedan 

daSvebuli lodebi bilikTan mosasvlels icavda. 

66

mTavari oTxkuTxa koSkisken kedels miuyveba Ria 

kibe. is 3-4 sarTuliani iqneboda. N kedelSi Riobia, 

albaT aivanze gasasvlelad. iq ver SevediT. 

mTavari koSkis qveviT, N mxares, zedvea ori oTxkuTxa 

koSki miSenebuli. maT calke Sesasvlelebi 

aqvT O-dan. mesame koSkic oTxkuTxaa da mTavars ekvris 

O-dan. 

kidev raRac nangrevia galavnis SigniT zedacixis 

teritoriaze. 

zedacixis Sesavlels Signidan maRali TaRovani 

SeRrmaveba aqvs. misi daniSnuleba gaugebaria. es cixe 

Tavisi wyobiT araa adreuli. Tumca somxuri geografis 

azordacfori, egebis, aq adreul cixesac varaudobdes. 

qarTuli mflobelobis gviani saukuneebi ki aq 

aSkaraa. aq unda msxdariyvnen is Zmebi, xaxularebi, 

navyvaryvares sabuTSi rom ixseniebian aTabagis metoqeebad 

(`mravalTavi~). igive cixea Turqul wyaroebSi 

moxseniebuli (Cemi werili TorTomisxevze aRar daibeWda?)... 

arzrumisaken gza TorTomiswyals mouyveba. 

unaxavi gvrCeba isi, eqeqi... arzrumamde 70 km-ze 

gvxvdeba `derekafu~ _ e.i. xeviskari. aq marTlac 

viwrobia. Aaq iqneboda xani, an xidi. 

gza SeumCnevlad amodis zeganze. raime mniSvnelovani 

uReltexili ar Cans. axali gzis gayvana yvelafers 

angrevs. gzis marcxniv, kldeze raRac nangrevi, 

SesaZloa, rukaze aRniSnuli cixe iyos. Tor- 

Tomis cixeze etyoba sxva gziT unda mivideT arzrumidan. 

mosaZebnia gurji boRizic. q. TorToms amovuareT 

da arzrumis farTo velze amovediT. movTavsdiT 

sastumroSi... 

67

19.07.08 

dRes arzrums moundiT. yvelaze Zveli aq cixea, 

romlis kedlebSi V s-is fenas eZeben romis bizantiuri 

xanidan. mas mere aq qalaqia. cixeSi selCukebis 

aSenebuli meCeTi da minareTia, r-is arabuli minaweri 

1124-32 wlisaa. minareTze avediT da gadviReT suraTi. 

cixeSi gaTxrebi swarmoebs da nagebobani Cans. 

qalaqis muzeumSi oSkSi silogavas mier napovni warweriani 

reliefebi gadaviReT. arqeologiur masalaSi 

Cans TrialeTuris da martyofis nivTebTan msgavseba. 

isic gadaiRes. gareT saflavis qvebad gamoyenebuli 

cxvrebia. e.i. sxvaganac yofila es tradiacia. 

saRamos basianis velze gavediT. aq axla patara 

dabaa. kldeze cixea, romelic Cven wyaroebSi ar ixsenieba. 

osmaluri unda iyos. zedacixes ori galavani 

evleba, yvelafers gaTlili qvebiT anaxleben... es 

uzarmazari Senoba mTel armias daitevda. erTgan 

damxrobiT O-W Senobis O kedeli Cans sarkmliT. is 

oTxkuTxa burjze dgas. aseTebia danarCeni koSkebic. 

eklesiad CaTvlas xels uSlis afsidis rkalis uqonloba. 

cixes S-iT Caudis arezis-araqsis wyali. mesaqonle, 

memarcvle zegani. SesaZloa, esaa hasan-kale. 

arzrums ramdenime kari hqonia, erTs gurjikafu _ 

e.i. qarTlis kari rqmevia. axla am ubansac ase 

uwodeben, xolo 1608 w. iq aSenebul meCeTs 

`gurjikafus meCeTi~ hqvia. `gurji boRazi~, TorTumi 

da azordi xval gzad unda vnaxoT, mere olTisi. 

Ddaudis magieri movida. 

20.07.08. 

dRes gamovediT arzrumidan. daTom (daudi) dagvtova, 

Cveni Tarjimani vaxtang saRinaZea 14 _ Tbilis- 

Si macxovrebeli, romelsac arTvinSi aqvs skola dam- 

68

Tavrebuli. arzrumidan gamosulebis pirveli mizani 

gurji boRazi iyo. sof. SifeqSi 80 wlis moxucma 

migvaswavla es adgili. misi Svili CavisviT da 

wavediT. axla es adgili Zvel nagzaurze Cveni 

manqaniT movixileT. gaSlili zegnidan gza mTian 

xeobaSi Semodis. es saxeli das-dan SemosulisTvis 

aris `saqarTvelos yeli~. axali gza mas sruliad 

Sordeba. axla am mcire gadasasvlels `TaSli 

boRaz~-s uwodeben. mogonilic aqvT Tqmuleba: viRac 

uRirsi kaci CauqolavT (qalis gaupatiurebisTvis) da 

mis mere yvela aq gamomvleli qvas agdebso... mTebSi 

gamavali es gza manZils amoklebs da Camodis 

osxanSi _ e.i. dasasveneblad sadgurSi mZime gzis 

mere... gurji boRazi TiTqmis perpendikularulia 

axali gzisa. miT axla mxolod saqoneli daiareba, 

gadaviReT... 

mere TorTumyalaze mivediT. aq asfaltiani 

gza modis sofelSi, cixis qveS TorTumiswyalze 

romaa gaSenebuli. es kldeze nagebi lamazi cixe ori 

nawilisagan Sedgeba. qveda cixis SigniT gzidanve 

iqcevs yuradRebas eklesiis nangrevi. aq mxolod W 

kedlis nawili, N kedeli da afsidis N nawilia 

SerCenili, TaRovani gadaxurviT. Sesasvleli S-dan 

iqneboda. afsidaSi N mxares, sarkmlis marcxniv, ori 

maRali niSis TaRebi moCans. aseTive iqneboda 

sarkmlis marjvniv. romeliRac aqaur cnobil 

eklesiaSi oTx-oTxi aseTi niSa iyo sarkmlis orsave 

mxares. N kedelSi 2 naxevarsvetia, romlebic kedlis 

naxevramde Camodian. zeviT profiliseburi 

svetTavebia. eklesiis wyoba, iseve rogorc cixis 

Zveli fenebi, saSualo zomis kldis gaTlili qvebiT 

regularuladaa nagebi. gadakveTebis kvalic xSiria. 

zeda cixis koSkebi mrgvalicaa da oTxkuTxac. aris 

69

saTavsebis naSTebi, ormoebi. erTi TaRovani aguris 

Senobaa, Signidan amolesili “wylis auzi?” zeda 

cixis mTavari koSki orsarTuliania. 

qveda cixis galavani kldis reliefs mihyveba. iq 

erTi mozrdili koSkia oTxkuTxa, 2-ic Zvel kedlebzea 

daSenebuli. aq kedlebs gaswvriv xis Zelebi aqvs 

Cayolebuli. ingliselis gegmaze (Cem statiaSi maqvs) 

es rusuli jaris nakvalevadaa miCneuli. 

cixis qveS gaSlili sofeli (saxelad TorTumkale) 

qalaqis nawilzea gaSenebuli: mSvenier baRbostnebia 

TorTomiswylis napirebze. 

Taya fanaskertelis brZola movigone TemurlengTan, 

es epizodi Caiweres biWebma. azatmose ar 

vaxsene... fanaskerteli (amiertaodan) TorTumsac 

flobs imiertaoSi, e.i. orive tao erTi saerisTavoa. 

aseve orives aerTianebs iSxnisa da banas saepiskoposoebi. 

e.i. “amier da imier” cnebebi geografiulia, 

rac ar asaxula saero da saeklesio dayofaSi. 

miSam 15 da biWebma, me da Tamazi gagvistumres 

kldeze nagebi kaladibis asaRebad. Tamazi ver aZvra 

da unaxavi dagvrCa Signidan es `cixisZiri~. 

gamongreuli Sesasvleli da gviani osmaluri 

kedlebi garedan gadaviReT. Turquli wyaroebi am 

cixesac unda ixseniebdnen. 

21.07.08 

SavSaTis provinciul sastumroSi movewyeT. 

sakidebic ki araa... SavSaTi 1916 w. 5-versian rukaze 

jer araa aRniSnuli. iqaa saTlelis rabaTi. 

Woroxis xeobis veeba SiSveli kldeebidan uceb 

naZvnarian xeobaSi gadmovinacvleT. Bborjomi-bakuriani, 

an Sovi... es nacnobi qarTuli garemoa. aqaur mTian 

soflebSic, pirvel yovlisa, gzebia movlili, zo- 

70

gan betonisacaa. amiT akaveben aqaur soflelebs. Cven- 

Tan ugzooba soflidan qalaqSi moerekeba xalxs, mere 

_ sofeli daclilia da gza viRas undao da ase 

gavxdiT Tavkombala... 

dabawvrili Zveli saxelia, axali Turquli _ 

ar maxsovs. is SavSeTiswylis marjvena Senakadis 

saTaveebSia (masureTi). aq soflis SuagulSi, patara 

TxemTan, gorakze moCans koSkis nangrevi. is mcire 

zomis Tanabari qvebiT regularulad kirzea nawyobi. 

Crd-iT mcire nangrevia TaRovani gadaxurvis 

nawiliT. is eklesiis W da N kedlebis nawili 

SeiZleba iyos. mis das-iT kidev erTi nagebobis 

budea. wyobiT SesaZloa ganviTarebuli Sua sauk-eebi 

iyos. me mgonia, aqedan bilikebiT SeiZleba artanSi 

gadasvla, SesaZloa maTi Caketvac evaleboda am 

simagres. 

am xevis paraleluri xevi das-iT usaxeloa, zed 

punqtebia: cixia, sxlobani, meria. xuTversianis 

Cveni planSeti araviTar nangrevebs ar aCvenebs. 

iZulebuli var xuciSvilisa da bagrationebis rukiT 

visargeblo. dabawvrili amarTlebs Tavis saxels. 

sxva xevze aris dabakeTili. xeobis dabaZveliviT, 

esec Zveli qarTuli formaa. mere wavediT 

oqrobageTSi. iqauri cixe da eklesiis nangrevi 

ukve mars 16 aqvs dRiurSi. soflis SuaSi mozrdili 

oTxkuTxa Senobaa 2-3 sarTuliani. mis kedlebSi 

Signidan gaswvriv xis morebia datanebuli da Sigve 

Camocvenili. aq erTgan buxaria dayolebuli. 

adgilobrivTa TqmiT, aq bolos ucxovria zorabeis, 

romelsac aqve abanoc hqonia. maxloblad misi 

saflavicaa. amboben, aq eklesia iyo, romlis adgilas 

axla skolaao. 

71

oqrobageTis eklesia mgoni, eqvTimesTanaa. aq 

samnaviani taZari unda yofiliyo: afsidaSi daculia 

gaTlili qvebis horizontaluri rigebi. afsidaSi 

mrgvali sarkmelia. samkveTlo da sadiakvne Tanabar, 

sakurTxevlis donezea SemorCenili. orives sworku- 

Txa afsidi aqvs, erTi kvadratuli niSiT. TiTo sarkmeli 

S da N kedlebSi. W kedeli SerCenilia, oRond 

gafcqvnilia mosapirkeTebeli qvebisagan. am eklesiis 

qvebi saTlelis cixeSi gadaitaneso... 

balvanaSi araferiao da arc wavediT. meore 

dRes CixorSi ki metyevem gviTxra mSvenieri eklesiaao... 

maris dRiurSi velisa (veliqoi) da baris cixeebia 

aRniSnuli. 

22.07.08 

Cveni sastumros administratori qarTveli gamodga 

da Tavis sofelSi enikaia (Zveli cixeao) cixesimagre 

dagvisaxela. wavediT. SavSeTiswyals marjvnidan 

uerTdeba am soflis xevi. is me-12 kilometrzea 

saTlelidan. avediT saocrad maRal mTaSi, sadac 

soflebia gaSlili. 

kldeze cixe moCans. mis ZirSi sof. wefTia, e.i. 

esaa wefTiscixe. manqana sakmaod axlo mivida. 

gamyolad ori qarTveli wamogvyva, erTi 

derviSaSvili iyo, metyeve. ar daijeres, rom oqros 

ar veZebdiT... es xalxi SeSlilia am Temaze! 

cixe sakmaod STambeWdavia. didi mrgvali koSkis 

wyoba saSualo zomis qvebisaa, regularulad. Sesasvleli 

Camongreulia. meore, O koSkis S-iT mcire eklesiis 

naSTia daaxl. 3X2 m. wyoba aqac cixisaa. mis 

samxreTiT, eklesiis iatakis doneze TaRovani saTavsis 

nangrevia, r-sac kedlebi Signidan Selesili aqvs. 

72

wylis rezervuarad CavTvale. SW-iT aris mesame koSkis 

ormoc. aqedan SesaniSnavad Cans orive xeobis 

soflebi, iq gamavali gzebi da rac mTavaria cixe 

akontrolebs ori mezobeli xevis SemaerTebel gzas. 

wefTis cixe unda ixseniebodes XI s-dan. cixis NO-iT 

gza amodis `bawara~. is miadgeba TaRovan maRal kars. 

aq SerCenilia TaRovani gadaxurvis mogrZo Senoba 

usarkmelod, oRond N kedelSi Cans saTofeebi. pirveli 

darbazidan Sedixar meoreSi sworkuTxa gasasvleliT. 

is ufro vrceli meCvena. esec TaRovani sa- 

Tavsia, romlis N yru, miwaSi Camjdari kedeli 

oqrosmaZieblebis mieraa Camongreuli. orsave darbazSi 

Wurebis natexebi salteiania. e.i. proviantisa 

da siTxis sawyobi unda yofiliyo mecixovneTaTvis, 

romelic gvian Sua saukuneebSic moqmedebda. qveviT 

wefTibaria. 

es soflebi ubnebad ganawilebulia mTis ferdobze 

da qarTvelebiTaa dasaxlebuli, zogs axsovs 

Zveli gvari, sxvebs _ ara. laparakiT gvagebineben, 

Svilebi veRar. AmTis soflebSi wyali karCxalis 

mTidan gamoyavT, sakmaod Soridan. moyavT yvelaferi: 

marcvleuli, bostani, xili (“adesa”), futkari, saqoneli, 

frinveli. mezobel xevSia soflebi zemo da 

qv. Cixori (saqarTveloSi CixoriSi). maris 

dRiurSi CamoTvlilia maTi ubnebi: andriawminda, 

wiTeloRli, libani, dasamoba, gogoeTi, 

brili, agara, nioleTi (niolisZe), mervezi, 

Wedriuli. axla daamates: TeTraveTi, vardisyana 

(?), berieTi, wurieTi, mafrieTi, Wedruli. daasaxeles 

sxva soflebic: SerTuli, marabuli, axaldaba (iq 

qarTvelebi aRar arian). “eTi” daboloeba egebis 

gvarebis erTad cxovrebas aRniSnavs. marTan 

miqeleTia garylofTan. 

73

avediT ardiawmidaSi (andriawminda) (sic), esaa 

mTis sazafxulo sofeli mesaqonleTaTvis sezonurad 

(aprilidan oqtombris bolomde). dasaxlebis Tavze 

kldeebia, sadac bunebrivi “maRara” (gamoqvabuli) yofila. 

soflis SemosasvlelTan gziT yelgadaWrili 

gorakia, sadac Zv. da axali saflavebia. amboben, aqve 

iyo `ziaraTi~, romelic oqrosmaZieblebma gadaTxareso. 

am xeobaSic qarTulad metyveleben: zogs axsovs 

gvari: ColoyaSvili, veliSvili, TamazaSvili. axalgazrdebs, 

ufro bavSvebs uWirT. eldarma maT qar- 

Tul-Turquli anbani dauriga. meurneoba aq iseTivea, 

rogorc wefTisxevSi. yvelgan axseneben Tamaras da 

arxebis Taobaze yvebian... 

23.07.08 

dRes saTliswyals avyeviT. pirveli rac iyo, 

esaa xidi marisgan SeniSnuli. is erTmaliania, mTeli. 

is zevidan gadaxurulia axali xidiT, gaganierebulia 

da axlac moqmedebs. 

xuciSvilis rukaze aRniSnuli iyo garylofis 

cixe. mivediT, sofelSi araviTari aseTi ar 

aRmoCnda. wyaroSi XI s-Si moxseniebuli wefTis 

cixesTan erTad, ase ukvalod rogor gaqra? 

samagierod vnaxeT cixisZiri (kaladibi), igive 

sveti, rac jer kidev giorgi yazbegma 17 SeniSna. esaa 

tbeTis zeviTa soflis ganmxoloebuli wvetiani goraki, 

romlis gverdiT axali sacxovrebeli Senobebia. 

gorakze mrgvali koSkis nangrevia, nagleji mcire 

zomis qvebiT nagebi kirze. es koSki marTlac, svetad 

iqneboda aRqmuli mcire diametris gamo. iqvea wylis 

rezervuari, amolesili Signidan. aris meore koSkis 

(?) budec, sxva 3-4 saTavsis budec, romelTac gala- 

74

vani unda hqonoda Semovlebuli. is arc ise miuvali 

simagrea, rom mTavar episkopozs, aq gamagrebuls, bizantielebisaTvis 

gaeZlo. unda vendoT wyaros. 

mtbevari episkoposisaTvis SavSeTis erisTavobis mindobac 

raRac gamorCeuli damsaxurebaa…(axsna unda!). 

meCveneba, rom es gaigiveba ufro sarwmunoa, vidre 

samuSias 18 napovni kedlis nafleTi tbeTSi... iq 

aseTi ver migvaswavles, Tumca toponimiaSi Cans nayalevi 

tyeSi (cecxlaZe 19 ). 

tbeTis taZari mec da biWebsac gadaRebuli 

gvaqvs. amitom S kedlis gadaReba vikmare. garylofis 

cixis ZebnaSi sof. SavmTis naeklesiari vipoveT. iq 

mozrdilis eklesiis mxolod gafcqvnili sakurTxevelia, 

N-iT sarezonanso WuriT. ganviTarebuli feod. 

xanisa unda iyos. 

wavediT imerxevSi, ris imieri xevia? pirveli, 

rac aq Segvxvda, Zveli ormaliani xidi iyo. marcxena 

mali lamazad SemorCenila Sua burjamde, mdinaris 

marjvena ki, _ aRaraa. 

mere jvarisxevis cixe vnaxeT (jvari sadRaa?). 

etyoba mniSvnelovani `jvari~ iyo, rom xevs misca saxeli... 

cixe kldezea, moCans 2 mrgvali koSki. nagleji 

qviT baTqaSze narevi wyobiT naSeni. gadarCenilis 

mixedviT, orsarTuliani unda yofiliyo orive. erT 

koSks meore sarTulSi Sesasvleli aqvs, gareT ki gamoSverili 

qva misadgmeli kibisTvis. aqvea saTofe 

Rrmulebi. koSkSi yria lomi, weraqvi da uro oqrosmaZiebelTa 

Sromis iaraRebi... am xalxs viRaca unda 

STaagonebdes, rom qristianul ZeglebSia maincdamainc 

oqro Camarxuli... meore koSki sanaxevrod dangreulia, 

iq ori kvadratuli samzeria. or mTavar 

koSks galavani aerTianebs. aq ori patara koSkis nangrevia, 

Semosasvlelis sacavad. aris qvevris didi na- 

75

xevaric... es cixe osmaluria da, cxadia, jvarisxevze 

gviani. 

gzaze, mdinaris marcxena napirze sof. yofila _ 

demirkafu, e.i. rkinis kari. iq araferiao... 

avediT maidanCikSi. aq qarTvelebi arian. gvarebi 

eldarTanaa. cixe kldezea. ar agviSves Jandarmis gareSe. 

durbindiT _ osmaluria... soflebis saxelebia: 

iveTi, ifxrevi, diobani, soflieTi, wyalsimeri, 

sesileTi, survani, CiqvelTa (cixea iq), raxaTi, dasamoba, 

Sarabuli. ifxrevis cixes parexi hqvia, 

Tamaras aSenebuliao... 

24.07.08 

berTas dRes orTaqioi hqvia. aq Jandarmis ufrosma 

migviwvia. pasportebi mogvTxova, romlebic sastumroSi 

gvqonda datovebuli. dareka, Seamowma da 

dakmayofilda... mere yaviT gagvimaspinZlda, dediT Ce- 

Ceni axalgazrda. mogviyva: SarSan aq iyvnen xelovnebis 

istorikosebi v. gremeliSvilis 20 meTaurobiTo 

(mec mTavazobdnen wamosvlas...) Cvenc iq viyaviT xancTaSi, 

da daTvebisgan vicavdiTo. vanos, gremela- 

Svils, aryis sma mouwona... raa es xancTa aseTi mni- 

Svnelovanio. movuyevi mokled... Semdeg gza migvaswavla 

da pativiT dagvemSvidoba. 

soflis ganapiras meCeTia minareTiT. iqve Zveli 

berTis satrapezosi Tu skriptoriumis erTi vrceli 

kedeliRaa darCenili qarafis pirze. mas xuTi farTe 

sarkmeli aqvs S mxares. am didrovan Senobas TaRuri 

gadaxurva hqonia, romlis TaRebi kapitelebs eyrdnoba 

sarkmlebs Soris. das-iT galavania da raRac sa- 

TavsTa naSTebi. nageboba mozrdili gaTlili qvebi- 

Taa. 0-iT aris saZvalis nangrevic, aqac TaRuri gada- 

76

xurvaa. taZari iqneboda dRevandeli meCeTis adgilas: 

iq Zveli qvaTa wyoba aSkarad SeimCneva. 

meCeTis NNW-iT Camomaval mcire xevze mSvenieri 

Zveli erTmaliani xidia, romelsac Zveli nagzauri 

mouyveba. mniSvnelovani monastrebis siaxloves xidebi 

damaxasiaTebelia: rkoni, bieTi, darejanis monasteri 

(samcxeSi). 

mere parexTasaken (parexelTa) gavwieT. viwro 

xeobis saTaveSia sofeli Sefenili. iqidan biliki miuyveba 

S-sken eqsponirebul kldis masivs. parexi qar- 

TulSi kldis qarafs niSnavs. asea aqac. biliki jer 

mozrdili qvebiT nageb kvadratul Senobas miadgeba: 

saostigne, an skriptoriumia. cota 0-iT ori gverdigverd 

mdgari eklesiaa. S-iT ufro Zveli samnaviani 

bazilikaa. wyoba: mozrdil, Tlil qvaTa rigs enacvleba 

brtyeli qvebi, lamazia 0 fasadi. centralur 

navs naxevarwriuli sakurTxeveli hqonia Tavisi sarkmliT. 

N da S navebi centraluri navis afsidis doneze 

gamoyofili samkveTloTi da sadiakvniT bolovdebian. 

maT brtyeli sakurTxeveli da sarkmeli aqvT. 

N samkveTlos W da S Sesasvleli, S sadiakvnes ki, 

mxolod W Sesasvleli aqvs. 

ram gamoiwvia N-iT myofi erTnaviani darbazuli 

eklesiis ageba _ ucnobia. iqneb Zveli daingra? yovel 

SemTxvevaSi N-iT myofi es Senoba wyobiT ufro 

gviania. 

aRmosavleTiT biliki miadgeba mcire CanCqers: 

berebi aq pirs ibandnen... mec aq davlie miqael parexelis 

21 nasvami wyali. Semdeg isev mcire eklesiaa 

ufro mogviano wyobis. is TiTqos gadmoxuruli 

kldiTaa daculi. (kalandias 22 aq xucuri warwera 

upovia)... O-iT kidev ori Senobis kvalia, albaT 

berebis sacxovrebeli... 

77

mere opizas * mivakiTxeT. guli momikla am veeba 

Senobis dangrevam: SuaSi gza gautarebiaT. veraferi 

gavuge nangrevebs. kidev kargi, eqvTimes, mars da 

sxvebs dangrevamde aqvT nanaxi. gasaocaria 

mSeneblobaSi gamoyenebuli gaTlili qvebis sidide. 

aqac ramdenime damxmare Senobis naSTia. opizarebis 

sadgom-samuSao Senobebis nangrevebiRaa. aqve 

aSenebul james da minareTs laTinuri asoebiT 

aweria qarTuli sityvebi: ar aris RmerTi garda 

alahisa, modiT vilocoT erTad... (lahilah, il 

allah...). igive sityvebi inglisurad gadmouciaT. es 

gaamarTlebs taZris dangrevas da iq gzis gayvanas...? 

wavediT xancTaSi. aq axali gza gauyvaniaT, rasac 

serpantiniT movyavarT maRal kldovan mTebSi. 

mdinare 300 m-iT qveviTaa. miwisZvras gumbaTi Caungrevia 

nawilobriv. kargia, rom mTeli gumbaTi gadaRebuli 

da Seswavlilia. xancTelis agebuli Zveli samnaviani 

bazilikis nangrevi, Tavisi saZvaliTa da, savaraudod, 

grigolis saflaviT, STambeWdavia... Cans 

skriptoriumis, satrapezos, sxva eklesiaTa da senakebis 

naSTebi. erTi eklesia wyarozea daSenebuli. 

cecxlaZis mier moZiebul toponimiaSi Cans: 

alkdamaZiri, depanwminda?, maramwminda, 

galavani... aq axla daclili soflis xilis 

baRebia. es iwvevs eWvs: cxovrebaSi xacTa, kldovani, 

mousavliani adgilia... magram grigolis mosvlisas, 

marTlac, ase iqneboda. xilis baRebi mere mosulma 

mosaxleobam gaaSena X s-is manZilze. yvelafers 

gadawyvetda maxlobeli gamoqvabulis moZebna, sadac 

grigolma martomyofeli mama ipova da masTan 

* d.berZeniSvilis SeniSvna: n. mari opizas ganmartavs, rogorc 

lazur o-pijas, e.i. sanapiros. Sdr. oSki-o-Sqi, e.i. 

SuaSi myofi. 

78

dasaxlda. v. gremelaSvils unda vuTxra... yvela es 

monastrebi erTmaneTis siaxloves grigolis 

mowafeTa agebulia. mxolod Satberdi iyo mcired 

moSorebiTo... 

25.07.08 

wyarosTavamde SemTxveviT Semxvedrma 

axalgazrda topografebma migviyvanes. 40 wuTi 

dakidul aRmarTze bilikiT viareT. mere erTi 

mosaxlis ezodan davinaxeT mozrdili eklesiis S 

kedeli da mis maxlobel kldeTa mwvervalebze 

patara eklesiebi _ 4 darbazi. mTavar eklesiaze 

Tazo da eldari avidnen. maTi monayoliT iq didroni 

SenobaTa naSTebic yofila (satrapezo-skriptoriumi, 

senakebi...). xilis baRebiT savsea es, marTlac, 

wyaroebis saTave. mijnaZors ver mivakvlieT... 

Camosvlisas `movSpi~ da kldes mkerdi davkari... 

gzidan wyalgaRma davinaxeT nukas saydari. is 

qaraf kldeebSia da mxolod bilikiT miisvleba. 

saTles cixes mivakiTxeT. ZiriTadi koSki oTxsarTuliania. 

Sesasvleli misadgmeli kibiT 3 

sarTulzea. I-ze sapirfareSoa, Rari amovsebulia... 

Zveli wyoba yvelgan saSualo, erTi zomis mcired 

naTali qvebia kirze. IX-X s-sa unda iyos. mas garda 

aris 3 oTxkuTxa koSki. erTi samsarTuliania 

SesasvleliT W-sken. Zvel koSkebs mxolod samzerebi 

aqvT, ganaxlebul kedlebSi saTofeebicaa. aris 

darbazuli eklesia nangreviT. NW-iT didi wylis 

ormoa. aris didi orsarTuliani sasaxle, romelsac 

Cans TaRuri gadaxurva hqonia. esaa SavSeTis 

erisTavis rezidencia (iqneb mtbevari episkoposisac), 

romelic gvianobamde moqmedi Cans (saTofeebi). 

saTavsTa naSTebSi iqneboda maranic, sursaTis 

79

sawyobiT. am lamaz cixeze Turquli naxevarmTvare da 

varskvlavia mikruli. aqve frialebs maTi droSac... 

kidev kargi sanaxavad mainc gviSveben... 

26.07.08 

SavSeTis wylis marcxnivac gadavinacvleT. aq 

xuciSvilis rukaze orma cixem mimizida. erTi xevis 

Suaze, qvaTeTris sofelSi gamodga. esaa xiliansaTibiani, 

gaSlili sofeli, gziT traqtorebiT 

moTibuli zvinis gverdze, mouTibav balaxSi 

adgilobrivi glexis VOLVO-a... 

soflis SuaSi, SemaRlebaze, mrgvali koSki Cans. 

mivedi, namdvili moti da beili 24 . SesaniSnavia 

mrgvali koSkis mozrdili, Tanabari lodebis 

regularuli wyoba kirze _ pirveli niSani 

siZvelisa. koSki samsarTuliani unda yofiliyo. 

Sesasvleli meore sarTulze misadgmeli kibiT... ori 

samzeri mogrZoa da mosasvlel gzebs gahyurebs. 

saTofurebi araa, e.i. Tofis mogonebamde moqmedebda. 

Mesame, zeda sarTuli, SekeTebis droindelia da 

cota mogviano: wyoba nagleji qvisaa, areuli 

baTqaSze. galavanic Txemis zedapirs mihyveba da 

wyobiT isic Zveli Cans. galavanSi sxva saTavsTa 

naSTebicaa. esaa adgilobrivi feodalis cixe. 

eklesia ar Cans (iqneb daingra)... qareSlia Turqulad. 

meore cixe ufro maRlaa, amave xeobaSi. is ma- 

Ral kldezea sof. verxvnalSi (kara aRaCi). xuci- 

Svilis rukaze mas xanTuSeTis cixe * hqvia. is 

* SeniSvna d.berZeniSvilisa: xanTuSeT-Si xani sayuredReboa. 

aqve yofila `xanTuSeT qiofrulu~ xidi, romelic dasasvenebel 

adgilTan erTad gzaze miuTiTebs. `TuSeTi~ asaxsneli 

rCeba... 

80

sofeli meore xevSia, magram ufro Sorsaa cixisgan. 

amitom verxvnalis cixe ufro Seefereba. es 

maRali, gviani, osmaluri mrgvali koSki maRal 

kldezea, ori xeobis damakavSirebeli mokle gzisa 

da qedze gardamavali, artaanis gzaTa Camketad. Cans 

artaani marto gorgaslis mogonili araa da ufro 

Zvelia _ artaaniS è?uji (SaniZe 25 ), magram 

SemdgomSiac mniSvnelovania misken mimavali gza 

mtkvris xeobisken (kolis gavliT). amitomaa, rom 

osmalebi am gzis sakontrolo cixeebs ageben. 

verxvnalis cixe samsarTuliani nagleji qviT, 

narevi wyobiT baTqaSzea nagebi. mas ar indoben oqros 

maZieblebi da uSedegod xsnian da xsnian... 

verxvnalis cixe samsarTuliania, nagleji 

qviT, narevi wyobiT baTqaSzea nagebi. mas ar indoben 

oqros maZieblebi da uSedegod Txrian da Txrian... aq 

wylis ormoa amolesili da galavnis naSTi burjebiT 

kldis gayolebaze... 

soflis moxucebma mezobel xevSi eklesia migvaswavles. 

bevri viareT gruntis gzebze (Zlivs ar 

vnaxe saqarTvelos soflis gza!...). maRal mTaSi viRacam 

yala daasaxela. Gorakze, marTlac, Zveli cixis 

nangrevi gamodga. misi kedlis gare da Sida piri Tanabari 

da mcire zomis odnav Tlili qvebia, magram 

pirwmindad mourRveviaT, dautovebiaT kirze naSeni 

ConCxi. Zveli wyobis regularuli mwkrivebi Zlivs 

SeimCneva SigniT da gareT. mTis Txemze isevaa sxvadasxva 

saTavsoTa budeebi. yvelaferi specialurad gadaTxrilia. 

mosaxleobaSi Tqmulebaa gavrcelebuli 

_ aq miwisqveSa qalaqi iyo... amas xels uwyobs isic, 

rom maxloblad nelTbili mineraluri wyaro Cqefs, 

romelsac abanod xmarobdnen. iqve gaTlili qvebiT 

nagebi kedeli gamouCeniaT: albaT abano iyo, romel- 

81

sac Tixis keramikuli milebic axlavs... daveSviT sofel 

qafu qoiSi. aq meCeTis kedelSi (1981 w.) 

qarTuli wnuli ornamentia, ezoSi ki trapezis qva 

erT mxares varduliT. kvadratuli zedapiri mrgval 

svets eyrdnoba, e. i. aq Zveli qarTuli eklesia iyo... 

27.07.08 

n. cecxlaZis “toponimiidan” zogierTi saintereso 

cnoba aseTia: cixia _ aq iyo cixis SigniT, romelic 

akontrolebda artaanisken mimaval gzas. amJamad 

iq SeimCneva cixis mxolod nangrevebi. soflis saxelwodebac 

aqedan momdinareobs: cixea _ cixia. 

sofel tbeTSi dResac aris qvis didi sawnaxelebi, 

rogorc Cans, Turqebis mosvlamde aq saukeTeso 

Rvinos ayenebdnen... tbeTs specialuri adgili hqonia 

Rvinis Sesanaxad. soflis ganapira adgils, sadac Wurebisa 

da qvevrebis kvali dResac kargad Cans, WuraTi 

hqvia. 

`garylobi // garyilobi” gzebis gasayarze 

mdebare punqts hqvia. cnobilia sof. garyilobis 

da garylobis cixe, romelic imerxevisa da SavSeTis 

gzebis gasayarze mdebareobs. sofeli uZveles 

wyaroSi moixsenieba, `garyilobis” formiT. 

garylobis cixe moixsenieba XI s_dan. Cven iq 

veRaraferi gviCvenes. (n. cecxlaZe. Ziebani Woroxis 

auzis toponimiidan. ss `gamomcemloba aWara” baT. 

2004 w. 243_244). 

dRes wamovediT SavSeTidan, mindoda menaxa eklesiebi 

xuciSvilis rukaze aRniSnuli. arcerTi 

dRes araa... etyoba unaxavad, sxvaTa cnobebze dayrnobiT 

daitana. amas hqvia mogzauris motyueba... 

saTlis rabaTTan moaxloebisas SevniSneT axal 

korpusebTan Zveli nagebobebi. amovediT, vnaxeT cixe- 

82

simagred nagebi sacxovreblebi 1850 wlisa. Sesasvlels 

arabuli warwera hqonda... uceb gamovidnen am 

saxlis mkvidrni. erTi simpaTiuri mandilosani kulturuli 

garegnobiT gamoirCeoda. man aiRo iniciativa 

da mogviyva, rom aq selim ximSiaSvilis 26 STamomavloba 

cxovrobs!! Gagvixarda, movexvieT, CaviwereT. aRmoCnda 

zafxulobiT naTesaoba aq ikribeboda erT 

ZmasTan. bevrni iyvnen, sami Taoba, gamaxara gansxvavebulma 

jiSma. pawawuna hyavdaT mSvenieri... saxls irgvliv 

didi ezo ertya, sul amaTi. wagviyvanes da sasaflaosTan 

eklesia gvaCvenes, romelsac yvela gvimalavda... 

ratom xdeboda es, ver vxvdebi... zeinabma 27 

gviTxra, rom Cven axla menolis gvars vatarebT, magram 

aravis vuyvarvarTo (selims Turqebma Tavi mohkveTis). 

TviTon ankaraSi cxovroben da kargad ician 

Tavisi gurjoba. gvaCvenes ximSiaSvilTa genealogiuri 

xe, romelic baTumel xalvaSs gamoucia wignSi _ 

selim ximSiaSvili. amaT naTesaoba hyoliaT aWaraSi. 

TviTonac namyofni arian. eklesia sasaflaoze dgas. 

Zveli eklesia mcire zomis Tanabari qvebiT naSeni, 

erTnaviani Senoba unda iyos, saTlelis cixis Tanadrouli. 

S – dan moSenebuli ornaviani gaTlili 

qviT nagebi, SesaZloa, somxuri eklesia iyos, jvrebiT 

Semkuli... eklesiis irgvliv sasaflaoa, gamahmadianebuli 

gurjebisa. amaTi naTesavebis gambane _ gampatiosneblebic 

aqve marxia, pativiT ixseneben. 

28.07.08 

CamovediT arTvinSi, movewyeT imave sastumroSi. 

me gadavwyvite Cveni drois meore naxevari movandomo 

ufro sakvanZo, gadamwyveti punqtebis monaxulebas, 

radgan Cven yvelafers ver movaswrebT. arTvinis siaxloves 

aseTi ramdenimea. Tuxarisi klarjeTisa da ta- 

83

os sazRvarze, Woroxis xevSi aqvs wyaros miTiTebuli, 

amitom savaraudo cixeebs mivaSureT. pirveli 

aRmoCnda arTvin _ iusufelis gzaze, Woroxis marcxena 

Senakads SevuyeviT. viwro xeobaSi kldeze gadmomdgari 

meloscixe gamoCnda. aqac Turquli droSa 

frialebs e.i. miisvleba... soflidan axlos mivediT, 

Tumca, uTokod Tamazma ar mimiSva... es zurgovani samsarTuliani 

da galavniani koSki, udaod, gzis viwroebs 

akontrolebs. misi gare wyoba (mcire Tanabari 

zomis qvebi) mTlianad moclilia. SerCenilia baTqaSis 

wyobaTSoris ConCxze daSenebuli gviani sabrZolo, 

mrgvali kedeli. mas sami salode aqvs, romlebic 

mosasvlel mxares urtyamen. koSks aqvs ma- 

Rali, farTo TaRovani Sesasvleli pirvelsave sar- 

Tulze, romelic gvian amouvsiaT kirxsnariTa da qvebiT, 

e. i. koSkis pirveli sarTuli dauyruebiaT. amdroindeli 

unda iyos saTofeebic, romelic aseve mosasvlel 

mxares icavdnen. meore sarTulze Sesasvlelia 

mowyobili, albaT, misadgmeli kibiT. mesame sar- 

Tulis Riobi, albaT, aivnisTvis iyo, romelic galavniT 

mozRudul ezosa da qvevidan momaval gzas gahyurebda. 

ezoSi aris wylis mrgvali ormo, amolesili. 

galavnis kedlebi gviandelis STabeWdilebas tovebs. 

mcirea farTobi mecixovneebisaTvis. ueWvelia, 

gzis sayaraulo koSkia, iqneb qarTulic, gvianic. 

meore cixe Woroxis marjvena Senakadis saTave- 

Sia. xuciSvilis rukaze mas xodi hqvia. iailebis garemocvaSi 

sruliad miuval kldeze, xevebis saTaveSia 

es mozrdili, oTkuTxa, ganieri koSki. mas 

kuTxeebi momrgvalebuli aqvs. Soridan binokliT danaxuli: 

wyoba gviania, narevi. or-sam sarTulidan Senobas 

saxuravi Cauqceveli uCans, radgans moCans zeda 

sarTulis qvebi, romlebic raRacas (gadaxurvas?) 

84

eyrdnoba. momaRlo (gangreuli?) kari O-iT moCans. 

kldis zedapirs O-iT da N kideze galavani Semouyveba. 

mis SigniT sakmaod did farTobze saTavsTa nangrevebi 

Cans. galavnis gareTac, N-iT Cans raRac Senoba 

(koSki). mesaqonle mTibavebi gvarwmuneben, cixe 

miuvaliao... marTlac, maTi droSa aq ar frialebs, 

eWvs iwvevs maTi metismeti wadili, ar agviSvan cixeze: 

ebraelebi modian da ver adiano, daTvma daglijao... 

aq amsvlels iaraRi unda hqondeso... es daTvebi 

da vefxvebi mogonili gvgonia, magram binokliT dam- 

Tvarielebeli Tamazic miuvalobas àwveba”... saintereso 

iqneboda misi axlodan naxva. 

29.07.08 

artanujiswyalze moqmedi Zveli xidi gadaviRe. 

mere axizis cixes gavuareT da misi amoSenebuli gamoqvabuli, 

sadac freskebia _ gadaviReT. tanZoTi 

(sxlobania, tanZ-msxali). artanujis wyals marcxnidan 

erTvis, am xevis saTaveSi mTis sofelia, 

xiliani. mis misasvlelSi, kldeze cixea gamokiduli. 

misi wyoba narevi qvisaa, baTqaSze. osmaluri unda 

iyos wyobis mixedviT. aqaa wylis sacavi, saTofurebi, 

meore sarTulze - sapirfareSos maRali TaRi. misi 

Rari garedan daxuruli yofila, oqros ZiebaSi isic 

moungreviaT, sawyenia rom araferi daxvdaT... 

tanZotis jameSi mars qarTuli warweriani qva 

unaxavs, albaT eklesiisa. ixseneboda samadavlekalmaxeli 

da Tamari, maTi Svilebi-giorgi, 

ioane da sumbati. meore warweraSi: `missa 

tanuterobasa Sina aRSena... warwera 1312 wlisa 

yofila. tanuteroba albaT monastris winamZRvars 

(mamasaxliss) gulisxmobs (Sdr: mijnaZorelTa 

davis wignSi – XI s. `samamasaxliso samsaxurebeli”). 

85

es somxuri wodeba ar unda iyos gasakviri 

(mijnaZori, tanZoti, Satberdi)... 

sofelSi ori jame dagvxvda. orive Signidan da 

garedan galesili. warwera maSin daifareboda. iqve 

gviCvenes somxuri eklesia warweriT _ 1843 wlisa. 

sof. klarjeTs axla bereqeTi, e.i. 

baraqiani hqvia. maris TqmiT: `gorebiT 

garSemortymuli, did SesaniSnav moedanze 

gaSenebuli, sadac misi ubnebia gafantuli, am farTo 

zeganze batonobs cixe.” 

marTlac, klarjeTSi aseTi farTo zegani jer 

ar Segvxvedria. artanujTan ufro mcire zegnebia, an- 

CasTanac. taoSi banaa, aq ki es zegani, Turqebi rom 

bereqeTs uwodeben, e.i. mosavliania yovelmxriv, xilicaa. 

sarwyavi arxic cixis ZirSi iwyeba. ubnebs saxelebi 

ar aqvT, arc marTanaa. 

cixe, xevis saTaveSia kldeze. es ufro Zveli me- 

Cvena, vidre tanZotisa: brtyeli qvebi regularuli 

wyobiTaa kirze nagebi. koSki orsarTuliania. kiri 

pirvelsarTulzea. samzerebi zustad sofels da mosasvlels 

gahyurebs. saTofeebi araa. galavani mcire 

farTobs mosazRvravs Txemze. aris wylis rezervuari 

amolesili. Cans 2-3 saTavsis kvali, gadakeTebac etyoba 

narevi wyobiT. 

es punqti imiTaa saintereso, rom is aZlevs saxels 

am mxares, iseve rogorc taoskari - taos. e.i. is 

ufro Zveli unda iyos, vidre artanuji _ klarjeTis 

bagrationTa centri. aseve iqneboda taoskari da bana. 

dResve gvindoda amave xevze gvenaxa 

qobtaxoris cixe da mewagili eni rabaTamde 

magram d. asaTians 28 Tirkmeli astkivda (qviSis gavla) 

da 2 saaTze wamovediT arTvinSi. afTiaqSi nayidma 

wamlebma moasulieres, RmerTma inebos... 

86

30.07.08 

fenirliqi _ yvelis sofelia, uC-sus (samwylis) 

napirze. misi ubnebi or dasaxlebadaa ganawilebuli 

xevze. aqedan sasmeli wyali gahyavs mTavrobas artanujSi. 

jejilaTi saxnavia, iobati (rac Turqulad 

auxsnelia), Walis agara, molusxevi, SualTa. 

gza miadgeba tyeebsa da saZovrebs, fexiT 

klarjeTSiac gadava, tanZotSiac... 

qobTaqorSi gza (biliki) mxolod peinirlis 

mehledanaa. 1840 wlamde iq rusebsa da somxebs ucxovriaT. 

sxva amosasvlelic vnaxeT, Camosvlisas... daTvi, 

taxi, kurdReli, xili, Tafli, yurZeni. 

cixe kldezea SemZvrali, gzis sakontrolod. misi 

wyoba, nagleji qviT baTqaSzea naSeni. erTi koSkia 

da galavani. erTi samzeri, ori saTofuri, erTi 

wylis ormo, garedanac Sekiruli. 

saxelwodebaSi Tavidanve qobi _ qvabi vifiqre; 

vkiTxe, Tu aris gamoqvabulebi... egebis meore nawilSi 

mTis kiloebSi SerCenili `qori” iyos, e.i. saxlis zeda 

nawili (Sdr: qor-wili) qobTa-qorSi gamoqvabulebis 

zeda nawili SeiZleba igulisxmebodes. 

adgilobrivi, stambulidan zafxulobiT aq amosuli, 

axalgazrda Segvxvda. cixeze wamogvyva, aq 35 w. 

rusebi da somxebi cxovrobdnen, 1840-ian wlebSi osmalebma 

garekeso. Cans, maTi naSTia tanzoti da misi 

eklesia 1843 wlisa. qarTulia da Turqulad ar ixsneba 

zeviT Cawerili toponimebi. ojaxSi migviyvana, 

xiliT gagvimaspinZlda, patara bavSvebi inglisurs 

amtvrevdnen: specialur skolaSi dagvyavso... telefonebi 

davutoveT... 

mars hqonda aRniSnuli: mewagilSi (esec 1840-ian 

wlebSi garekili somxebis nakvalevia) enirabaTis siaxloves 

cixe-darbazebiao. xuciSvilis rukaze aR- 

87

moCnda cixe (Cans, marisgan auRia)... mivediT, 80 wlis 

moxuci vnaxeT. man gviTxra, rom es ar maxsovs, mamaCemisgan 

gamigia, rom erT SemaRlebul moedanze (gvi- 

Cvena) eklesia mdgarao... kedlis nasaxic ver vnaxeT... 

e.i. aqedan gaziduli qvebiT uSenebiaT saxlebi da yoreebi... 

visac ar vkiTxeT, veravin moigona cixe siaxloveSi. 

esec codnaa, rom davadgineT: maris droindeli 

cixe axla aq aRaraa!! 

ukan dabrunebulebma artanujis qalaqs 

gavuareT da daudas mier ver monaxuli eklesiis 

nangrevebi movinaxuleT. is adreve SevniSneT, anCidan 

wamosulebma da Soridan gadaviReT. bagrationebs is 

azomili da IX_X saukuneebiT daTariRebuli aqvT. es 

veeba taZris nangrevi qalaqis galavans ebjineba NO 

mxares. S kedlis maRali nawili axlac SerCenilia. 

unda yofiliyo samnaviani bazilika didi, uxeSad 

damuSavebuli qvebiT nagebi. kargad Cans N navis 

sakurTxevelSi Sesasvleli da S kedlis gareT 

saZvalis TaRi (?)... zeviT moCans sasaxlis naSTi 

(orsarTuliani) isic azomilia bagrationebisagan... 

daTo fexze dagvxvda. 

31.07.08 

dRes dauda Camovida, vaxo gavistumreT. wamovediT 

olTisisken, gzad xersis cixes gamovuareT 

xuciSvilis rukis mixedviT. iq cixea aRniSnuli da 

kiTxvis niSniT Tuxarisi aweria. aqac movtyuvdiT. adgilobrivebma 

veraferi gvaCvenes... samagierod eklesia 

migvaswavles xersis didi Relis marcxniv (es Rele 

Woroxis marjvena Senakadia). kedlis fragmenti, mcire 

zomis Tanabari, uxeSad damuSavebuli qviTaa nawyobi. 

Signidan da garedan erTnairi wyobaa. erTi Ser- 

Cenili kedlis naxevari gafcqvnilia da mxolod baT- 

88

qaSsRa etyoba anabeWdebi. daaxloebiT IX-X saukuneebis 

eklesias gavs. saeWvod meCvena, rom afsidis naxevarwre 

ver SevniSne: albaT dangreuli mere sworkuTxad 

amoaSenes. es eklesia arc rukazea aRniSnuli... 

olTiswyals SemovyeviT amiertaoSi. aq 

mkacri kldeebi SedarebiT mwvane mTebiT icvleba, 

xeoba iSxnis mere farTovdeba da metia saxnav-saTesi. 

gzad oluris gadasaxvevSi cixe gadaviReT, rasac 

xuciSvilTan norberTi, xuT versianzeqefribaS, 

xoSavizi aweria. mere gadaviReT banis 

ori cixe wylis gaRma-gamoRma. eseni advili 

sanaxavia oluridan... 

olTisSi provinciul sastumroSi movewyveT. erT 

sarTulze saerTo sapirfareSoa... 

1.08.08 

olTiss centrSive aRmarTuli veeba cixe dahyurebs, 

ra Tqma unda Turquli droSiT... qalaqi dablobSia, 

garSemortymuli mTebiT. olTisiswyali er- 

Ti dabinZurebuli mdinarea, xalxi pirquSia, magram 

sxva adgilebisgan gansxvavebiT, aq sasadili-kafeebSi 

aTaTurqisa da misi colis suraTebis nacvlad mepatroneTa 

mama-papis suraTebia... centrs amSvenebs cxenosani 

aTaTurqi xmliT... dRes dilidan avuyeviT olTisis 

xevs. daviwyeT narimaniT, aRmoCnda, rom narimani 

Zvelidan 14 km-iT zeviT gadautaniaT. es cvlileba 

arcerT rukaze araa. xuciSvil-silogavas ruka saocrad 

ityueba... 28 km zedmeti gaviareT... eqvTime TayaiSvilis 

`mogzaurobidan” amowerili mqonda cixe-punqtebis 

saxelebi. aq amovikiTxe alabaliksuze didi 

cixis arsebobis Sesaxeb. avediT xevis bolo sofel- 

Si, iqaurma moxucma èklesiebis cixe” gaixsena... dav- 

89

qveiTdiT da naxevar saaTSi mivadeqiT SesaniSnav Walas, 

mdinaris ori totis xerTvisSi. 

aq Soridanve Tvali mogvtaca eklesiebis kedlebis 

Zvelma wyobam. ori ufro Zveli eklesia maRlaa 

qedze. pirveli (qvevidan) ufro momcroa (6 nabiji x 4 

nabijze), erTnaviani. nagebia modido, kldis gaTlili 

qvebiT. Sesasvleli S-dan TaRovani yofila. erTi sarkmeli 

W-dan. afsidaSi erTi niSa. 

mis zeviT meore samnaviani bazilika unda yofiliyo. 

ukeTaa SerCenili N navis sakurTxevelis naxevarwriuli 

nawili. centraluri afsida gegmaSi iki- 

Txeba; S-isa saerTod mongreulia. sakmaod STambeWdavi 

zomebi (16 nabiji x 9 nabijze). Sesasvleli Wdan 

da S-dan (centralur navSi) Tu aq dangreulic 

ar emateba. wyoba pirveli mcire darbazisa unda iyos: 

mozrdili gaTlili kldis lodebi. varaudiT, vambob 

radgan usvindisodaa gafcqvnili da mxolod baTqa- 

Sis anabeWdebze etyoba mosapirkeTebeli qvebis zomamoyvaniloba. 

CrdiloeTis SerCenil baTqaSze, zeviT, 

SerCenilia profilirebuli (reliefuri zoliT) kapiteli, 

romelic aqeT-iqidan gadmosul TaRebs iWerda. 

saerTo ieriT es ori Senoba IX-X saukuneebis SeiZleba 

yofiliyo. am samnavian bazilikas N-dan ucnauri, 

naxevarTaRiani gadaxurviT kidev erTi kedeli 

aqvs modgmuli. Sesasvleli W-dan, N kedeli sworia. 

es wyobis mixedviT narevi, gviani Senoba, Signidan amolesilia, 

S-dan eklesiis N kedels iyenebs. mgoni 

gvian mosulma mahmadianebma eklesiebis ararsebobisas 

abanoebi moiwyves. wyali aqvea xevidan RariT mosayvani... 

odnav dabla, ferdze ori erTmaneTze miSenebuli 

eklesiaa. isini erTdroulad ar unda iyos nagebi: 

kedlebs nakeri ar etyoba. isini mcire zomis Tanaba- 

90

i, uxeSad damuSavebuli qvebis regularuli wyobi- 

Taa nagebi da ganviTarebul Sua saukuneebsac waagavs 

(iqneb Zvelsac). qvedas Sesasvleli N-dan aqvs da sakurTxevelSi 

2 kvadratuli niSi aqvs. meore eklesia 

TiTqos SemdgomSi unda iyos modgmuli... 

Tu es eklesiebi aq monastris arsebobaze miuTi- 

Tebs, maSin maTi sameurneo savargulebi S-iT gaSlili 

mSvenieri Wala iqneboda... 

kldis Tavze erTi gviani, mrgvali koSkis nangrevia. 

albaT, osmalTa begisa, romelic abanosac moiwyobda. 

sofeli (Tu iyo) terasebad iqneboda wylebis 

orsave totze... aqedan gza gadadis soflebSi. mosaxleni 

amboben gzis gayolebiT cixeebs: yaradaSi, 

cicankale, kaladere. amave alabaliksus 

dayolebaze, olTisiswyalTan SesarTavamde, 

kldeebi viwrovdeba. am mdinaris marcxniv didi cixis 

nangrevebia. aqaa mrgvali koSkebi Zveli, mcire, 

Tanabari zomis qvebiT, horizontaluri wyobiT 

nagebi; aris gviani SekeTebis kvalic _ narevi wyobiT. 

cixis O nawilSi, mozrdili darbazuli eklesiis 

baTqaSis ConCxia SemorCenili, usvindisod gafcqvnili 

mozrdili gaTliTi qvis mopirkeTebisagan... 

ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebia, cxadia, osmalebis mier 

meored gamoyenebuli. 

olTisis cixe gorazea. misi kedlebi, isev uni- 

Wod, Tavidanaa agebuli. SerCenilia Tanabari, mcire 

zomis qvaTa regularuli rigebi, gviani gadakeTebiT. 

yvelaze saintereso me aq S nawilSi moTavsebuli 

siqstakonqis gegmaSi SerCenili nangrevi meCvena. 

mis sakurTxevels, wyobis dabal rigebSi wnuli ornamenti 

arSiad Semouyveba. es me bizantiur xelobad 

meCveneba (Tumca qarTuli ram gamoricxa? e. Tayai- 

Svils mohyavs qarTuli warwerebi saidanac Cans, rom 

91

eklesia qarTuli iyo, wm. giorgis saxelobis ...). aRar 

maxsovs eqvTimes ra uweria MAK XII nomerSi... aqvea 

viRac Seix asanis saflavi XI saukunisa. cixidan mo- 

Cans qalaqis galavani da osmaluri sasaflaoebi 

wriuli gadaxurviT. iq axla qalaqis nagavsayrelia... 

urartelebi, romaelebi, bizantielebi, qarTvelebi, 

selCukebi, osmalebi _ aseTia olTisis istoria 

mTel imiertaosTan erTad... 

qalaqis aRmosavleTiT sofel Sengerli-Si vnaxeT 

kldeze Semdgari osmaluri gviani cixe. aq gamavali 

Zveli gzis makontrolebeli unda yofiliyo. 

gviani wyobis narevi qva baTqaSze, erTi ovaluri 

formis galavania, Sig saTavsoTa naSTebiT. 

olTisisxevi mniSvnelovani gza iyo mtkvris xeobiT 

aRm. saqarTveloSi Semomavali gurji baRazi ki 

ufro TorTomisxevis gzas emxroba, Tumca TorTumis 

gzasac itotebs. 

TorTumis gza ZiriTadad zRvispiras da dasavleT 

saqarTvelos emxroba. TorTumis gza osmalebisa 

da bizantielebis dros saqarTvelos dasapyrobad 

iyo mniSvnelovani: yvela amaTi gaTvaliswinebaa saWiro 

aqaur cixeebze saubrisas. da mainc, via est vita 

wyvets cixisaTvis adgilis SerCevas, gansakuTrebiT 

xeobebSi. TurqeTi, Cvengan gansxvavebiT, axlac SesaniSnavad 

axorcielebs am princips: erTi mosaxlisa- 

Tvis mTaSi gayavs Zvirad Rirebuli gza... 

2.08.08 

dRes diliT avibargeT TorTumidan. wamovediT 

baniswyalze ori cixis sanaxavad. 

pirveli cixe mdinaris marcxena borcvzea. 

is araa maRali da advilad misasvleli. Txemi 

mTlianad mozRudulia galavniT. is gviania wyobiT: 

92

kldis daumuSavebeli qva baTqaSze. kedeli kuTxeebSi 

momrgvalebulia. erTaderTi mniSvnelovani aq 

mozrdili, erTnaviani darbazuli eklesiaa. mas 

saxuravi waqceuli aqvs da TiTo mozrdili sarkmeli 

S da N kedlebSic aris. kedlis wyoba narevi qviTaa, 

zogjer xazgasmulad aferadebuli Wadrakulad. 

iseTi STabeWdileba mrCeba, rom galavani gauqmebul 

eklesias Semoavles osmalebma da cixed aqcies gzis 

siaxloves. eklesiis O kedelis gareT mrgvali 

amolesili wylis rezervuaria. 

meore cixe mdinaris marjvena kldovan 

ferdzea Sefenili. is ufro rTuli nagebobaa _ 

Sedgeba qveda da zeda cixisagan. kedlebi misi sakmao 

simaRlisaa SerCenili. misi wyoba, Tumca kldis 

nagleji qviT kirze nagebi, mainc SeuZlebelia, 

Tundac gviani, es kedlebi Zvels ar misdevdnen. 

galavani sakmaod STambeWdavia, romlidanac SesaZloa 

zeda cixeSi moxvedra, aq ori maRali da Zlieri 

mrgvali koSkia, romlebic or-sam sarTuliania. 

qvedaSi Sesasvlels zevidan salode dahyurebs, aris 

samzerebic gzis saTvalTvalod. zeda cixis erT 

koSks sul zeviT Ria sabrZolo moedani aqvs. aqa-iq 

samzeri, SesaZloa, saTofedac gamodges. me ufro 

SesaZlebeli meCveneba bagrat IV-is droindeli banas 

cixe es iyos, xolo mefis momlodine laSqari aqve 

velze iqneboda gaSlili. misma danaxvam daafrTxo 

parkimanozi da Sin misuli mefe saberZneTs 

dabrunebas gadaurCa. amas daTuna meore cixeze yveba. 

cixis qveviT, mindorSi didi vrceli oTxkuTxa 

Senoba dgas, mozrdili, mrgvali RiobebiT 

mosasvleli N da W mxrisaken. me meCveneba, rom es 

osmalTa mxridan sazarbazned dasadgmeli Senobebia, 

romelic momxdurs RiobebSi zarbaznis lulebs 

93

gamoayofinebda, Sdr: Telavis batonis cixeSi arsebuli 

naxevarwriuli burji. am oTkuTxa Senobis win 

didi, mrgvali, amolesili ormoa amoSenebuli. mgoni 

rezervuari unda iyos mebrZolTaTvis (abano?). 

cixis ZirSi, kldeSi xvreli SeniSna Tamazma, Se- 

Zvra da gamoqvabul-eklesiaSi aRmoCnda. W Sesasvleli 

da O sarkmeli, gaganierebuli aRmoCnda, mTelia 

TaRuri gadaxurva, sakurTxeveli, iq ori kvadratuli 

niSa. Tamazma andrias xati daasvena da sanTelic 

aunTo... 

wyliT cixis momarageba problema iqneboda. axla 

mis qveS arxi gadis baniswylidan gayvanili. iqneb 

es Zveli tradiciaa? maSin galavanSi gaivlida, eqvTimes 

uTxres aq gvirabia wyalze Camavalio. (kola-ol- 

Tisi, 353). 

banas taZarma * yvela gaaoca. es me SarSan 

vnaxe. saocaria mis irgvliv gaSlili savargulebi 

da gamwvanebuli soflebi. amaSia taos Zalac 

(aseTivea olTisic). klarjeTis siZliere mis miuval 

kldeebSia, magram amdeni savarguli iq mxolod 

klarjeTs aqvs. eklesiebis ZebnaSi xevs avuyeviT da 

erTgan sof. injeCais qvemoT (orwyals niSnavs) 

kldeze SerCenili naeklesiari vnaxeT. W Sesasvleli 

da iqve erT qvaSi gamoWrili sarkmeli vnaxeT. 

sakurTxevlis qveS, ormo Tu oqros maZiebelTa 

gamoTxrili araa, maSin saZvale SeiZleba iyos. qvis 

wyoba, met-naklebad, regularulia da SesaZloa XIV- 

XV ss-sa iyos. 

mere qveviT CamovediT da migvaswavles solomonkales 

siaxloves gamoqvabulebi. Tamazma TokiT yvela 

agviyvana. aq mTavari eklesia moxatuli da dazianebu- 

* SeniSvna d. berZeniSvilisa: eqvTime mas ùnikums” uwodebs 

(kola-olTisi, 369). 

94

lia. freskebs axlavs qarTuli asomTavruli asoebi. 

gumbaTSi macxovaria. gverdze, gamoqvabulSi 4 samarxi 

auqoTebiaT, Cans Zvlebi. mTavari eklesiis gverdiT 

isev patara eklesiaa gamoWrili kldeSi, Semdeg 

amoSenebuli senakebia. es gamoqvabulebi aRwerili 

aqvs eqvTimes da bagrationebs gadaRebuli. mainteresebda 

cixe solomonisi, magram axla yuradReba 

eklesiaze gadagvaqvs. me iniciativebs movrCi... 

movewyeT oluris sastumroSi, nomerSi marto 

var. madloba ufals, amovisunTqe. 

3.08.08 

dRes taoskariT daviwyeT. manqana oluridan mivida 

bolomde. rukaze (5 versiaze) veeba baRebis garemoSi 

aRniSnulia eklesia. eqvTimes aqauri mrgvali 

eklesia aRwerili aqvs. marTlac, saocrad waagavs banas: 

aqac mrgvali garSemosavleli unda iyos, romel- 

Ta Soris gvxvdeba samkuTxa niSebi, mis samxreTiT 

imave wyobis (e.i. saSualo zomis gaTlili qvebis) regularuli 

rigebia. es eklesia rogorRac grZeli 

Cans, magram SesaZloa imave periodisa iyos. sofelSi 

(CaTax), romelsac qarTulad xerTvisi (ori wylis SesayarSia) 

hqvia, mesame eklesisiis sakurTxevlis N 

nawilia SemorCenili, imave Tanadrouli wyobisa. 

ukve saxeli taoskari cxadyofs mis mniSvnelobas, 

aq ori wyali erTvis, erTs Turquli saxeli 

aqvs, rac qarTulad wyalwiTelad gadmoicema. mas 

Turme miyveba biliki, romelic klarjeTSi gadava. 

taoskari swored iqidan taoSi Semosasvlels unda 

aRniSnavdes am maRal kldeTa Soris. am punqtis (taoskaris) 

mniSvnelobaze unda metyvelebdes aseTi taZris 

aq gaSeneba... 

95

amave `wyalwiTelas” uerTdeba meore xevi, sala- 

Curisa romlis marjvena Senakadzea kalmaxis cixe 

da vaCeZoris monasteri. iqiT axla gza gayavT da 

Cven am monastrisken wavediT. manqana SesarTavSi 

davayeneT da fexiT SevuyeviT wylianBxevs. 

gzidan moCans `miuvali” (eqvTime), kalmaxi, maRal 

kldeze. vaCeZoris monasteri cixisken mimavali 

bilikis cota zeviTaa. aq ramdenime eklesiaa, 

satrapezo, karibWe samrevloTi. erT gadakeTebul, 

grZel, brtyelabsidian eklesiaSi sakurTxeveli 

TiTqmis Suaze mouwyviaT mogvianebiT, damoklebuli 

eklesia SeulesiaT, mouxatiaT. irCeva wmindanTa 

saxelebi: g _ i, d _ e, stefani, prokopi. qveviT aseTive 

asomTavruliT irCeva: “...grigol Semoswira...” 

SesasvlelSi aseve asomTavruli nakawri warweraa: 

“q _ e S _ e gabriel da eri misi adide”. es warwerebi 

eqvTimes gamocemuli aqvs. monasters mravalgzis 

gadakeTebis kvali etyoba da mainc SemorCa somxuri 

“Zori” e.i. xevi. aqve gaRma “kamax” cixea. mis ZirSi var 

da ver ki avsulvar... rogor avuxsna am axalgazrdebs, 

rom SesaZloa es Cemi bolo Sansi iyos... an 

vin moisurvebs iq asvlas?... 

taoskarSi dabrunebulebs gamyolma regularuli 

wyobis mrgvali burjis kedlis nawyvetze migvi- 

TiTa: aq Zveli arxi gadmodioda da misTvis amoaSeneso... 

vin icis rodindelia es arxi taoskarSi? am SesaniSnavi 

baRebis samyofelSi, sadac brinjic ki 

mohyavT?... 

guzam taoskareli, es didi, Zlieri feodali 

Tamaris winaaRmdeg gandgomas rom bedavs, cxadia, am 

taoskars gulisxmobs, maS sadaa misi sajdomi cixe? 

kalmaxi am raionSia, magram xom adre is kalmaxelTa 

sabudaria, sula kalmaxeli, mefis erTguli, lipa- 

96

its iWers da bagrat IV-s Caabarebs. amis 

samadlobelad mefem mas samcxeSi iseTi mamuli 

misca, rom man cixisjvarelTa Stos daudo saTave. 

kalmaxeliZeebi merec rCebian... sulkalmaxis saxeli 

Senaxuli TqmulebaSi, sula kalmaxelidan unda 

modiodes... ase, rom guzam taoskarels raRac sxva 

cixe unda sWeroda taoSi da misi taoskareloba 

warmomavlobas SeiZleba aRniSnavdes da ara aqauri 

cixis mflobelobas. saidanaa warwera mamamisis 

saflavisa axalgazrdebma rom Camoitanes? * ... 

ukan dabrunebulebma norbeTis cixes gamovuareT. 

es maRal kldeze mdgaria, oluriswylisa da 

olTisiswylis SesarTavSi. misi zurgiani koSki Zvelia 

da Zlieri. nagebia mozrdili damuSavebuli qvebiT. 

aqvs xuTi samzeri (arasaTofurebi) da samsarTuliania. 

mis irgvliv Semovlebuli galavani gviania 

da feric TeTri duRabisaa, aqvs ukve saTofurebic. 

aqvs aseTive wylis rezervuari, Selesili. swored am 

axali galavnis gamo Searqves gvian mosulma somxebma 

axalcixe, ise rom misi koSkis siZvele ar gauTvaliswinebiaT... 

zurgiani koSki IX-X ss. SeiZleba 

iyos. 

4.08.08 

dRes fanaskertidan daviwyeT. am Zveli cixis 

mxolod nangrevebia. aris Zveli da ganxlebis kvali. 

es cixe aspaniZeebs unda daxvedrodaT. is namdvili 

cixe darbazia ori wylis (fanaskert-su, kap-su) xer- 

TvisSi amarTul goraze. aq mxolod wylis ormo 

Cans, eklesiis Tu sxva saTavsoTa naSTebi waSlilia. 

* SeniSvna d. berZeniSvilisa: taoskars qveviT, salaCurisa 

da olTisiswylis SesarTavTan, eqvTime uTiTebs did 

cixes sof. kranSi (xuTversian rukaze “Крац”). egeb aq. 

97

galavans mrgvali burjebi aqvs erTgan. oTxkuTxa 

Senobis kvalia galavanSive. es cixe, or xevs miyolili, 

ori gzis makontrolebeli qveynis batonis cixea, 

romelic Tavisi eriT ise Zlieria, rom mefis jaris 

dauxmareblad akeTebs did saqmeebs, Tan bedic swyalobs 

(“arca, RmerTo, ubedo” - Tamaris ist.). manve moaxerxa 

guzan taoskarelis damarcxeba da mere fanaskertelis 

saxeliT taos erisTaoba oTxi s-is ganmavlobaSi. 

mere ciciSvilebi qarTlSi... 

eqvTime am sofelSi sami eklesiis naSTs uTi- 

Tebs. iqidan waRebuli warweriani qva maSin mosaxlis 

SenobaSi yofila CaSenebuli: `...a... /i saxbls/ sa 

subat /isaTs esad/”, e.i. “sumbatisaTvis erisTavisa” (?) 

IX-X ss. (kola-olTisi, gv. 372). 

sofeli didia, xilian-mosavliani, Ronieri ekonomikurad 

da didi; aseT cixes ekonomikuri safuZveli 

unda hqonoda, rom saerisTaos centri gamxdariyo, 

Tumca taoSi sxvac iyo didi mniSvnelovani cixeebi. 

fanaskertidan orTis sofelsBmivaSureT. is 

oluridan zeviT, orTiswylis xeobaSia gaSenebuli. 

aq, marTlac, svetiviT SerCenil kldeze, Soridanve 

oTxkuTxa koSkis nangrevi (eqvTimes dros “lamazi 

koSki”), misi misasvlelebi alag-alag kedlebiTaa gadaRobili. 

safiqrebelia gzis makontrolebeli sa- 

TvalTvalo koSki iyos. Tamazma asvla akrZala: saxifaToao... 

ukan mobrunebisas oluramde kidev ori, aseTive 

kldis Tavebze, isev mrgvali da meore-kuTxovan-galavnis 

naSTiani koSki gadaviReT. isini gzis meTvalyureebad 

miviCnieT: erTob mcirea maTi farTi. 

5.08.08 

98

avibargeT oluridan. eqvTimesTan da rukazedac 

(xuTversiani) taoskars qveviT, salaCurisa da olTisiswylis 

SesarTavTan naCvenebi iyo cixe da sof. 

krani. aq maRal kldeze, marTlac, dagvanaxes cixis 

nangrevi. isev: àu, iq ra ava, ori qva gdia, erTi 

kedeli, ar Rirs wvalebad”... binokliT - wyoba 

gviania, magram aqac SesaZloa yofiliyo Zveli fenebi. 

gadaRebiT davkmayofildiT... eqvTimesmieri kalmaxi, 

vaCeZori da es kranis cixe, ueWvelad, fanaskertis 

TemSi igulisxmeba (salaCuris xevi), e.i. guzans 

orivegan SeeZlo hqoneboda sajdomi da 

fanaskertelad wodebuliyo (rogor davTme da ar 

avedi am cixeze!!...). mere gzad banas TemSi 

gamoviareT. gzispirze myofi eqvskonqiani nangrevis 

(kiagemis alti) pirdapir gamoqvabulebia. iq 

amsvlelebs solebi da Toki dautovebiaT. Tamazi, daudi 

da me avcocdiT. aRmoCnda bunebrivi gamoqvabulebi, 

romlebic berebs gaufarTovebiaT da gamouTxriaT. 

TaRuri gadaxurva da kedlebis damxroba Ti- 

Tqos samlocvelos mowyobilobas gulisxmobs, gverdiTi 

saTavsoebi, albad, senakebad gamoiyeneboda. moxatvisa 

da Selesvis kvali ar Cans. araa gamoricxuli 

mopirdapire eklesiis berebis samyofi yofiliyo. 

gadavediT sof. solomonisSi da wyarosTanac, 

SemaRlebaze eklesiis nangrevi dagvxvda. is SeZerwili 

yofila mozrdili gaTlili qvebiT. gegmaSi, Sesa- 

Zloa, samnaviani bazilika yofiliyo. mozrdili eklesiidan 

mxolod S gverdis nawilia gadarCenili. 

xom araa es eqvTimes mier Camxusis eklesiis nangrevebad 

aRwerili punqti? magram iq tetrakonqia (kolaolTisi, 

gv. 336). 

solomonis cixeSi manqanam mis ZirSi migviyvana. 

aq SerCenilia galavnis mrgvali burji da kedlebi 

99

Zveli, Tanabari, saSualo qvebis zomisa, ase damaxasiaTebeli 

romaa aqauri mSeneblebisaTvis. es cixe nanaxi 

da aRwerili aqvs eqvTimes. maSin aq gumbaTiani eklesiac 

mdgara, Signidan sul moxatuli, warwerebic 

yofila: `RmerTo da wmindao dimitri, Seiwyale codvili 

daviT monazoni, amin.” freskuli warwera ki 

ikiTxeboda ase: `SubiZe miqels Seundven RmerTo dido 

(?), amin.” yofila figurebi winaswarmetyvelTa da 

mociqulTa. eqvTime taZars IX_X saukuneebiT, moxatulobas 

ki - XVI saukuniT aTariRebs (kola-olTisi, 

gv. 398). 

darejan kldiaSvili 29 am cixes miiCnevs kalmaxis 

cixed. me vfiqrob, amas meti dasabuTeba unda. es banas 

Temia da aq sxva cixeebi pirveloben... wyaroebs 

unda Sejereba. wamovediT kolaSi, gza baniswyals moyveba 

da bunebriv-gamoqvabulebiani kldeebis garemo- 

Si midis. amovediT trial zeganze, romelic mTebiTaa 

garSemortymuli. xe arsadaa, mxolod Semosasvlel 

mTebzea naZvnari. aq qurTebi cxovroben. miwurebi. wivis 

grovebi... Cveni javaxuri garemo. 

movewyeT sastumroSi. saRamos mtkvris saTave gadaviReT. 

aq eqvTimes mier aRwerili punqtebi gvaqvs 

sanaxavi: dadaSeni, oTxTa eklesia, okami, kalajuxi... 

6.08.08 

kolaSi ukve ori samoqalaqo tansacmelSi gadacmuli 

Jandarmi dagvyveba manqaniT. 

pirveli rac vnaxeT, es iyo marTlac SesaniSnavi 

cixe kolis ukidures sofelTan, kldeze. is sami 

mxriT miuval qarafzea da mtkvars miyolil or gzas 

udgas yelSi. meore gza N-dan amouyveba mSral xevs 

da velze (sofelSi amodis). erTaderTi misasvleli 

mxridan SesaniSnavi, maRali kedelia amoyvanili. er- 

100

Ti oTxkuTxa da sami mrgvali burjiT gamagrebuli. 

aqvea oTkuTxa, maRali Sesasvleli. mas Tavze ganieri 

salode dahyurebs. SigniT, orsave mxares, zeviT ori 

budea qvaSi gaWrili, orfrTiani qvis karis quslebisaTvis, 

kedlebSi msxvili budeebia urdulisaTvis. 

wyoba am nagebobisa narevia. gamoirCeva Zveli _ mozrdili 

gaTlili lodebi qveviT, zemoT maTi zoma 

mcirdeba da regularul mwkrivebs icavs. kedlebSi 

zogan isev didi brtyeli lodebicaa datanebuli. NW 

kuTxes mrgvali orsarTuliani koSki icavs sakuTari 

SesasvleliT ezos mxridan. O da W mxares kldes 

isev miuyveba kedlebi, romlebic qarafTan wydebian. 

Sida ezos vrceli farTobi saTavsoTa budeebs uWiravT. 

SesaZloa, eklesiac yofiliyo... SekeTeba etyobaT 

kedlebs. eqvTimes dros es cixe ukeT iyo Senaxuli 

da aRwerilic aqvs: kalajuxi, vaxuStiT 

qumurluxi, “vgoneb beWis cixedo~. Tu asea, 

maSin saxeli adgilmdebareobas asaxavs. es iqneboda 

sasazRvro cixe artanisaken. sainteresoa wyaroebSi... 

Semdegi naeklesiari iyo sofel budaqlisTan, Zveli 

jejori. is aRwerili aqvs eqvTimes (kola-olTisi, 

310). 

dorT-qilisa - oTxi eklesiaa sxvadasxva 

adgilas, romelTac erTmaneTTan ar unda hqondeT 

kavSiri (Tavisi nasaxlarebi axlavs). Ubralod, 

siaxlovis gamo, Turqebma maT oTxi eklesia uwodes. 

agebis droc maT gansxvavebuli aqvT. isini dRes 

usaxur nangrevebs warmoadgenen da ukeTes 

mdgomareobaSi aRwera eqvTimem (iqve, 307-309). 

dadaSenis eklesiidan mxolod gafcqvnili 

ConCxis nawili dagvxvda. aq eklesiis W-TiT vnaxe 

javaxeTur-TrialeTuri mSrali wyobis kedlebi 

101

sapire didi qvebiT, SuaSi Cayrili xurda. mas 

uWiravs mTeli Txemi. 

eqvTimes mier nanaxi eklesia, galavani da koSkebi 

axla aRaraa (iqve, 305-307)... 

samagierod eklesia NO-iT qedis dabla, imave 

wyobis mogrZo kedelia, romlis ConCxs mozrdili 

lodebis anabeWdebi etyoba. es grZeli kedeli galavnis 

araa (mopirkeTeba), is egeb sasaxlis naSTi iyos, 

dadaSneli episkoposisa. NW-iT kidev erTi naeklesiaria, 

usoflod, amasac dadaSnis nawilad miiCneven. 

gafcqvnili, erTnaviani, darbazuli eklesiaa... daudma 

Tqva, rom sofelSi SarSan upoviaT qvajvris bazisi 

zed jvriTa da vazis rtoTi. misi suraTi bagrationebs 

aqvTo... axla is qva Jandarmebma waiRes ardaganis 

muzeumSi. 

uCqilisa _ sam eklesias niSnavs. es erTi 

ganapira sofelia kolisa, mTis kalTaTa ZirSi. 

aqauri eklesiebi jer kidev eqvTimes dangreuli 

daxvedria, sami iyoo. soflis muxtarma JandarmebTan 

molaparakebebis mere, viRacas ezoSi mozrdili da 

damuSavebuli qva gviCvena. mas, SedarebiT 

simaRlesTan viwro, zedapirze ori Rrmuli hqonda. 

meore brtyel mxares asomTavruli warwera aRmoCnda, 

qva magari jiSisaa da amitom asoebi Rrmadaa 

amoWrili. asoebSi naxSiri iyo amoxazuli. 

warwera Tavisuflad ikiTxeba: èse jr _ ni saf _ la 

z _ a~, e.i. èse juarni saflavsa zeda~. maSasadame, 

saflavis qva albaT, col-qmris saflavze iqneboda 

dadgmuli da zed ori qvis jvari iqneboda mrgval 

fosoebSi Cadgmuli. à~-s horizontaluri xazi tans 

moSorebuli araa; `l~ nusxuria. SesaZloa warwera 

X-XI ss-a iyos. warweris sapirispiro brtyeli mxare 

ar Cans. qva didia da misi gadmobruneba SeuZlebelia. 

102

muxtarma Tqva, es qva eklesiis nangrevTan iyoo. 

iq ki gegmac ar Cans. gadaTxrilia yvelaferi. soflis 

ganapiras, bunebriv kldis lodze, raRac amoRarulebi 

gvaCvena. aRmoCnda `q _ e~ (xucurad!) e.i. `qriste~. 

mosaxlem spilenZis dazianebuli larnaki gamogvitana 

saxlidan. isic molasaTvis iyo Sepirebuli 

da saidumlod inaxavda. erTi mxare dazianebuli 

hqonda. Signidan gaSlili piris dasawyisSi, wriulad, 

arabuli warwera Semouyveba. suraTebis gada- 

Reba Zlivs movaxerxeT... 

kidev erTi mosaxlis boselSi, kvadratul Tax- 

CaSi Sedgmuli jvriani qva gviCvenes. jvari amoRarulia, 

tolmklava. sibneleSi bliciT gadaviReT. eklesiis 

gaTlili qvebi gamoyenebulia mSeneblobaSi... 

saRamos sastumroSo wyali ar dagvxvda... xval 

gadasvlas vapirebT ardaganSi... biWebi dReebs iTvlian 

Tbiliss dasabruneblad. 

7.08.08 

dRes dilas gamovediT goladan. davadeqiT ardaganis 

gzas. me-14 km-ze marcxniv eklesiis 

nangrevi gamoCnda. gadavediT. SemaRlebaze 

erTnaviani darbazuli Senoba Canda. misi wyoba 

saSualo zomis adgilobrivi gaTlili qvebis 

horizontaluri mwkrivebiT iyo kirze. Sesasvleli Sdan, 

TiTo sarkmeli O da N kedlebSi unda 

yofiliyo. saxuravi Caqceuli, Riobebi Cangreuli. N 

kedels Suaze TaRebis sayrdeni pilastris kvali 

etyoba. afsidaSi ori kvadratuli niSaa. daaxl. IX-X 

s-ebis unda iyos. 

N-iT nasoflaris nangrevebia. eklesiis O-iT Cans 

naTxari qvayuTebi. ucnobia adgilis saxeli. 

103

Cveni manqana SeumCnevlad gascda uReltexils. 

SeumCnevlad imitom, rom daaxloebiT kolaseburi 

garemoa: maRalmTliani zegani, oRond aq ufro gaSlili 

da vrceli. mTebi aq marto sazRvrebze rodia. 

amas garda, meti fiWvnari. meeWveba es bunebrivi iyos, 

Zalian ki uxdeba garemos... artani usaTuod mniSvnelovani 

saZovrebis qveyanaa kolasTan erTad (kolaartani). 

is javaxeTs ar Camouvardeba. mis mniSvnelobas 

ufro lazuri garemo afasebs: iqidanaa artanisaken 

momavali gza (artaniS ?uji), Cans TrialeT-javaxeTi 

ufro O saqarTvelos emxroboda. 

sainteresoa qveynebi da maTi centrebi: taos, kolas, 

javaxeTs, TrialeTs, taSirs, kaxeTs, kuxeTs, 

svaneTs, lazikas, SavSeTs, samcxes... amave saxelwodebis 

centrebi Tavidan ar hqonia da gvian gauCndaT. 

aseTebia: SavSaTi, ardagani, walka, an sxva saxelwodebis 

centrebi (bana, TorTomi, olTisi, okami, axalqalaqi 

javaxeTisa, TrialeTis axalqalaqi, lore, 

ujarma, Weremi, Telavi, rusTavi kuxeTisa, mestia, fazisi, 

axalcixe...). sxvebs qveynebis Tanamosaxele centrebi 

TiTqos Tavidanve hqondaT: qarTli (mTaqar- 

Tli), gardabani, gaCiani, Suafxo, Takveri, argveTi, 

klarjeTi, gurianTa. albaT, sxvadasxva mizezi aqvs 

am gansxvavebas... magram aris Tu ara pirvelad centri 

da misi saxelis gavrceleba mxareze? Tu jer mxarea 

da mere misi centri? albaT, arc aq iqneba identuroba 

(klarjeTi qveyana, klarjeTi _ centri, lazika _ 

fazisi da sxva). 

movewyveT sastumro ardahanSi, ara uSavs. gavediT 

12 saaTisaTvis, amitom ardaganis uaxloesi Zeglebi 

avirCieT. 

pirveli iyo sof. altaSi (TeTri qva). amis 

Zveli saxelia uri. es iyo Zveli artanis erTi 

104

mniSvnelovani centri. s. janaSia 30 am saxels iyenebda 

qarTvelTa huritebTan monaTesaveobis 

dasamtkiceblad... 

soflis ganapiras, maRal kldovan goraze, nangrevi 

moCans. avediT, aRmoCnda SesaniSnavi Zv. wyobis 

galavani da aseve nagebi mrgvali sqeli koSki. 

wyoba mozrdili, tlanqad damuSavebuli lodebisa 

regularulia. kiri isea gamoqaruli, rom kacs 

Tavidan mSrali wyoba egoneba, Tumca gulSi kiri 

TeTrad Cans yvelgan. 

yvelaze maRal adgilze erTi mrgvali Zlieri 

godolia. kedlis sisqe 2 m-ia. mas Sesasvleli meore 

sarTulze aqvs, galavnis Sida ezodan. koSki ise sqeli 

kedlebisaa, rom SigniT mcire adgili rCeba sacxovreblad, 

saomrad ki kargia. arc samzerebi, arc 

saTofe-saisreebi aq ar Cans. galavani sakmaod did 

farTobs mozRudavs daxril ferdze. mas misadgomi 

mxridan sami naxevarwriuli burji aqvs. aqeT mxares 

cixes ufro maRali mTa emezobleba da cixeze Seteva 

aqedan ufro advilia. amitom mTisagan gamosayofad 

cixis galavans kidev erTi damxmare saSualeba aqvs: 

esaa mSrali Txrili, romlidan amoyrili miwa galavnis 

mxares ufro cicabos da Znelad asasvlels 

xdis. es Zveli cixeebis gamagrebis gavrcelebuli wesia. 

am Zveli motisa da beilis gareT, mTis ferdobi 

nasaxlarTa budeebs uWiravs. es Zveli dasaxleba 

iqneboda, am cixis mecixovne, mtris Semosevis Jams. 

cixis moqmedebis xana, SesaZloa, ufro gviani iyos, 

vidre saxelwodeba uri-a, magram mainc niSnadoblivi 

meCveneba es Zveli cixe aq (daaxl. VI_VIII ss.). soflidan 

gamosvlisas saxlze gumbaTi SevniSne _ hamam, 

105

esaa osmaluri abano, romelSiac axla ojaxi cxovrobs. 

gumbaTi gadaviRe. 

sof. olCekSi, wyarosTan, eklesiis nangrevia. 

SerCenili sakurTxevlis Sida da gare wyoba mowiTalo, 

gaTlili, mozrdili qvebiTaa SeZerwili, SesaZloa, 

XII s-is iyos. Sesasvleli S-idan aqvs, sarkmlis 

TaRi SesaniSnavia O mxares... 

soflis N-iT kidev erTi darbazuli eklesiis 

nangrevia mindorSi. is usvindisodaa gafcqvnili, damuSavebuli 

mozrdili qvis wyoba mxolod Signidan 

SW kuTxeSi Cans. 

isev sof. olCeks gamovuareT. es sofeli ori 

mdinaris Sesayar samkuTxedSia. sofels Tavs dahyurebs 

maRal kldovan mTaze, soflisken gamoweul qimze, 

agebuli `ziaraTi~. es sityva amaTTan Cveulebriv 

Tayvansacem adgils niSnavs... 

avediT da dagvxvda sruliad mSrali wyobis 

oTxkuTxi nageboba. misi veeba lodebi regularuli 

wyobiTaa erTmaneTze morgebuli. ori samzeri aqvs, 

erTi qeds gahyurebs, romlisganac TxriliT yeli 

aqvs gadaWrili da qedis orsave mxares Cadis. meore 

samzeri ki soflis W-iT Camosuli wylisken iyureba. 

am farTe SenobaSi N-iT kidev raRac oTxkuTxa saTavsia. 

damxroba araa qristianuli. esaa winare qristianuli 

nageboba, albaT Tavdasacavi, romelic iqneb, 

salocavadac iyo gamiznuli. damaxasiaTebelia, rom 

am `ziaraTSi~ adgilobrivi mosaxle, Sua xnis qali 

ijda da qsovda. Camosvlisas ki, meore moxuci qali 

Semogvxvda, romelic fexsacmlis gareSe, windebiT 

mococavda bilikze... gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi 

qarTvelebic fexSiSvlebi midiodnen eklesiamde (Tamari 

varZiaSi, basianis omis win mlocveli). 

106

as niSnavs mahmadianTa es mowiweba winareqristianuli 

nagebobis winaSe? ratom Searqves mas `ziaraT~-i, 

am saxeliT xom isini qristianuli eklesiis 

nangrevsac, saerTod salocavs ixsenieben?.. 

ardaganis Crd-aRm-iT, SesaniSnavi tyeebis maxloblad 

mivageniT simaRles - yazanyales. netav vis 

miaweren Turqebi am SesaniSnavi oTxkuTxa koSkis mSeneblobas? 

is mtkvris marjvena maRal napirzea, qedze, romelsac 

meore mSrali xevi Casdevs N-dan da W-dan. 

mtkvari am sami mxridan uvlis cixis mopirdapire 

kldovan koncxs da naxevarkunZuls qmnis mdinaris 

marcxena napirze. SesaniSnavi, gzebis makontrolebeli 

pozicia uWiravs am simagres. 

oTxkuTxa koSki mozrdili lodebiTaa nagebi 

kldis ganapirze. es oTxsarTuliani nageboba Zvelia, 

mxolod oTxi samzeri aqvs da 1 Sesasvleli mdinaris 

momzirali qarafidan. aq mosadgmeli kibiT iqneboda 

SesaZlebeli aq amosvla. pirveli sarTuli yrua _ 

saqonlisa Tu produqtis sacavi, meore-mesame sacxovrebeli, 

meoTxe _ sabrZolo. am koSks galavani axlavs, 

romelic mTlianad zRudavs qedis zedapirs. 

umetesad dangreulia. Cans saTavsebi, iqneb koSkis 

kvalic, simagris meore boloSi, romelic das-iT momaval 

biliks akontrolebs. nasoflari galavnis gareTaa 

W-iT. iq axla mefutkreTa sazafxulo sadgomia 

fiWvis tyeSi. es simagre iqneb javaxeT-artanis monapire 

erisTavisa iyo XII-XIII s-Si... 

kidev erTi eklesiis nangrevi vnaxeT ardaganSi, 

SemosasvlelTan gzis pirad. es mozrdili 

darbazuli erTnaviani Senobaa, ori mozrdili 

TaxCiT afsidaSi. N da S kedlebs Suaze pilastri 

hqoniaT, romelic mosaxleobas mouxsnia mopirkeTebis 

107

sxva qvebTan erTad. eklesiis W da N kuTxesTan, 

ezoSi mozrdili qvaa amobrunebuli. SeiZleba qvis 

sarkofagis nawili iyos... 

8.08.08 

dRes saqarTvelos sazRvarze wavediT, focxovis 

xeobisken. gzad mtkvris marcxniv didi cixe davinaxeT. 

esaa orezaqis didi cixe, romelic did jars daitevda. 

is kldovan SemaRlebaze dgas da ketavs 

mtkvrispirze gamaval gzas. mTeli Txemi did da sqel 

galavans uWiravs. kedlebSi Cans Zveli Tanabari, sa- 

Sualo zomis regularuli rigebic da aris gvianic: 

areuli wyoba gareT gamosuli baTqaSiT. 

erTgan Sesasvlelia /\ zeda nawiliT. qveviT gamongreulia. 

burjebi mrgvalia da es Sesasvlelic 

zurgiani koSkisa unda yofiliyo, ezos mxridan, meore 

sarTulSi misadgmeli kibiT. saocaria, rom galavnis 

mTel sigrZeze, kedlebs ori paraleluri, kedlis 

gaswvrivi, mrgvali xvreli miuyveba. es rom wyvetili 

iyos, xis nakvalevi megoneboda, kedlis simagrisaTvis. 

aq ase araa da es mrgvali xvreli rkinis 

milis nakvalevs ufro hgavs, romelic kedlidan gamouRiaT!.. 

ver vxvdebi mis daniSnulebas. cxadia, rom 

Zveli cixe osmalebs SeukeTebiaT da gamouyenebiaT 

artaanidan focxovisxevisken mimaval gzaze. zogan 

Cans samzerebi. 

gadavlaxeT eruSeTis qedi da davadeqiT focxovis 

xeobas. misi centri TurqeTSi axali dasaxleba 

unda iyos, saxeliT posxov... Cven iq JandarmeriaSi misvlamde 

meres cixes CavuareT. 

JandarmeriaSi Tbilad migviRes, CaiT gagvimaspinZldnen 

da Tavisi manqaniT oTxi kaci gamogvayoles 

avtomatebiT. 

108

pirveli rac gvaCvenes, yvelis cixe iyo. focxovis 

marcxena sanapiroze gamokidul kldezea es 

cixe. misi mrgvali burjebi erTaderT misasvlel 

mxaresaa NW-iT. aq wyoba Zvelicaa da axalic. 

Ggobronis 31 wamebiseuli teqstis (X s.) Sesatyvisi 

kedlebis kvalic moviZie: mozrdili, gaTlili, 

mogrZo didi lodebi. galavani kldis mTel zedapirs 

mozRudavs, zogan radialuri kedlebi eSveba 

ufskrulisaken. O nawilSi, erTi oTxkuTxa Senobis 

nawili, eklesiis darbazis W nawilad SeiZleboda 

CagveTvala (damxrobis mixedviT), magram O nawili 

Cangreulia. miqel-gobronis wamebis droindeli fena 

aris da, rac mTavaria, arsebobs SesaniSnavi aRwera 

abul-kasimis laSqrobisa 914w. da gobronis 

wamebisa... sof. yveli focxovis marjvnivaa, albaT 

merZeveoba, yvelis damzadeba iyo mTavari (Sdr.: 

karaqa TrialeTSi). rom es Zveli saxelia, Cans ber- 

Znuli TargmaniTac, romelic am cixes tirokastrons 

uwodebs. 

wurwyabi saepiskoposo iyo. isic amave xevSia 

yvelis siaxloves mas axla aSikjulale hqvia, 

Tumca adgilobrivni Zvel saxelsac ixseneben. aq 

gviCvenes Zveli cixis (?), Tu eklesiis kedlebi. am 

qvebiTaa aSenebuli adgilobrivTa saxlebi, maTi 

buxrebi. aris qva ori fosoTi jvrebisaTvis, iseTi 

guSinwin rom vnaxeT kolas sof. uCqilisaSi. 

Samwuxarod, Zveli eklesiisa Tu cixis (?) gegmac ki 

ar Cans, isea irgvliv dasaxleba, erT qvaze mxedruli 

warweraa `badri~. 

CavediT jayis cixis sanaxavad, magram mesazRvreebma 

ar migviSves. me es focxovis marjvena napiridan 

sof. jayismanidan gadamaRebina laziSvilma 32 ciuris- 

Tan 33 erTad. jayiscixe da albaT sofelic marcxni- 

109

vaa, jayismani _ jayisubani Tavisi cixiTa da eklesiebiT 

ki _ marjvniv... ar iqna jayis cixis naxva, mevijayeT... 

meres cixe focxovis marjvnivaa. isic kldezea, 

magram miuvalobiT ver daikvexnis. aqacaa Zveli kedlebis 

wyoba. erTi oTxkuTxa mTavari koSki da vrceli 

galavani, mTeli Txemis momcveli. aris gadake- 

Tebis kvalic _ gviani. mTavari koSkis ezos mxareze, 

meore sarTulze oTxkuTxa Sesasvlelia. iq marcxena 

da marjvena, zeda da qveda qvebi erTiania, e.i. oTxi 

qva qmnis Sesasvlels. is erTi qviT ixureboda: marcxniv, 

zeviT da qveviT fosoebia quslebisaTvis. aseve 

xvrelebi horizontaluri urdulisaTvis. am koSks 

samzerebi aqvs mosasvleli S ferdobisken sami cali. 

Sesasvlelis marcxena qvaze mxedruli warweraa, ori 

saxeli unda iyos. XIV s-is warweras hgavs. 

cixis ZirSi darbazuli eklesiis gafcqvnili 

ConCxia, romelsac minaSenebi hqonia N da W mxridan. 

baTqaSze anabeWdebi: mozrdili, gaTlili qvebis regularuli, 

sworxazovani wyobaa. es ucnobi eklesia 

ganviTarebuli Sua saukuneebisa unda iyos. mere _ 

mdinaris sanapiro Walaa: meria, maradidi... 

cxinvalSi omi daiwyo... sawinaaRmdego informaciebia 

radiosa da televiziaSi. RmerTo, daifare Cveni 

xalxi!.. 

9.08.08 

dilidanve eruSeTs gavudeqiT. es artaanis nawilia. 

oruSeTs uwodeben adgilze. es mTaTa ZirSi 

mTavari gzispira dasaxlebaa. aq yvelam icis Zv. eklesiis 

adgili. misi nangrevebi sakmaod did farTs moicavs 

da mxolod gafcqvnili baTqaSia darCenili. es 

110

ar unda yofiliyo mxolod erTnaviani darbazuli eklesia. 

is raRac ufro metia. naxe eqvTimesTan. 

mere nanatri kurtkale-mgelcixea. mtkvris es 

nawili mniSvnelovania:Laq mtkvars gayolili gza 

ikveTeba Crdils mimavali gziT. es gzajvaredini 

mtkvris marjvniv aRniSnulia oTxi gamoqvabuliT. 

erT maTganSi, yvelaze mozrdilSi, nagebobis kvalia 

_ TiTqos gumbaTi da N kedeli... qvebi aqac 

moxsnilia. 

ufro saintereso isaa, rom axali xidis zemoT, 

Zveli naxiduris burjebia, mtkvris marjvniv da mdinareSi... 

marcxniv ki rusuli xidis burjia. e.i. aq 

ZvelTaganve iyo xidi gzajvaredinze. sofels, romelsac 

saxeli cixisgan miuRia (jer cixe, mere sofeli), 

cixis N-iT ferdzea Sefenili. sasazRvro punqtis 

qveS iqac gamoqvabulebi Cans, amboben amonaSeniao. iq 

misvla ver gavbedeT: uari ar eTqvaT cixis gadaRebaze. 

jayis cixesaviT aqac uars velodiT, magram axalgazrda 

samxedrom gulubryvilod gagviSva, Tumca 

bolos inana: ufrosebma datuqses... 

Cven mivaRwieT qedisgan ganmxoloebul kldes, 

romlis mTeli zedapiri cixes uWiravs. Soridanve 

Cans mtkvarze Casasvleli gvirabis ori xvreli, romelic 

aq morevze Camodis. qveda cixis galavnidan 

zeda cixeSi xvdebi, sadac erTnaviani darbazuli eklesiaa 

gaTlili, mozrdili qvebiT mopirkeTebuli 

sworxazovnad. Sesasvleli S-danaa, TaRuri gadaxurviT. 

W da O sarkmelebidan O cota farToa da dabali. 

afsidas warmoadgens brtyeli kedeli. 

Signidanac eklesia brtyeli, gaTlili qvebiTaa 

SeZerwili. sakurTxevelsa da Sua nawils, rogorRac, 

profilirebuli TaRebi gamohyofen. N kedelSi W-sken 

erTi oTxkuTxa niSaa. mTeli eklesia mogvianebiT 

111

moulesiaT da freskebiT daufaravT, rac TiTqmis 

mTlad gafuWebula. eklesiis gareT sada, 

yvaviliseburi CuqurTmiani qva gdia. saerTo ieriT 

eklesia IX_X ss. unda iyos, moxatuloba ki XIV-XV 

s-sa (naxe eqvTime). sxvebs mgonia arc unaxavT... 

eklesiis N-iT raRac mozrdili oTxkuTxa Senobaa. 

mozrdili darbazi ori nawilisgan Sedgeba, mgoni 

sasaxlea. erTi sarkmeli masac O-iT aqvs. cixes 

aqvs mrgvali koSki da naxevarwriuli burjebi. aq aris 

Zveli wyobac (saS. zomis Tanabari, uxeSad damuSavebuli 

qvebis regularuli mwkrivebi) da axalic _ 

narevi baTqaSze. aTabagebamde mgoni am cixes arsad 

vxvdebiT. XVI s-Si ki mas gogoriSvili 34 icavs. mustafa 

lalafaSam is jayelebs waarTva da merec moqmedi 

iyo. saxelwodeba unda gamoxatavdes gautexlobas 

(Srd.: Seupovari, oCanis cixe...). cixis dabla kidevaa 

raRac Senobis kvali. gvirabebSi ver CavaRwieT _ amovsebulia... 

* 

mere im gzas gavyeviT _ gamoqvabulebs rom gauvlis 

da Crdilis tbisken midis. amovediT zeganze da 

mtkvris marjvena Senakadze, yafar kldeebSi gamoCnda 

ulamazesi SaiTankale _ qajis cixe. 

vefxistyaosnis yvela mxatvars, me vfiqrob, nanaxi 

hqonda eqvTimesTan qajis cixis fotografiuli 

suraTi, yvela amas imeorebda Taviseburad... 

klde savsebiT miuvalia sami mxridan. meoTxe misasvleli 

mxarec NW-dan yelgadaWrilia. aq gadis 

erTaderTi cxenis biliki, Cans umoklesi da mniSvnelovani, 

mas advilad akontrolebs es cixe. magram is 

* SeniSvna d.berZeniSvilisa: cixis O-iT kidev Cans erTnaviani 

darbazuli eklesia, albaT soflisa. eldarma naxa da 

gadaiRo. misi naxevarwriuli afsidac moxatuli yofila... 

cixis gaRma, kldeebSi moCans gamoqvabulebi. 

112

ufro mniSvnelovani, didi xnis sadgomi, rezidencia 

unda yofiliyo aTabagebis xelSi. swored maTi patronobis 

periodi da osmalTa mflobelobis fenebia 

aq yvelaze Warbad. aris ufro Zveli _ saSualo zomis 

qvaTa horizontaluri mwkrivebiT. 

misasvlel mxares icaven daaxl. 30 m (Tu meti 

ara) simaRlis dauzianebeli kedlebi. gikvirs am simaRle, 

miuval kedlebs rad undodaT es bastionebi. 

Tumca zarbaznebis dros, albaT, maxlobeli simaRleebidan 

iyo saSiSroeba. qveda cixeSi Sedixar STambeWdavi 

SesasvleliT, or mrgval burjs Soris. amas 

icaven specialuri moxrili kedliT (rogorc oqros 

cixeSia) da salodeTi, romelic zed Sesasvlels 

dahyurebs. salodeebi yvela am mosasvlel mxareebSia, 

aris SigniTac viwro mrgvali xvreli, romelic ukve 

qveda cixeSi, mTavari karibWidan Semosuls ecema Tavze... 

saocaria, am salode, sazarbazne xvrelebis mowyobis 

teqnika. aris ori didi wylis sacavi, iqvea eklesiac. 

esaa mozrdili, erTnaviani, darbazuli eklesia, 

romelsac daaxloebiT Semosasvlelis Tavis 

simaRleze, orlilviani salte Semosdevs oTxive 

mxridan. olTisis cixis eklesias aseTi salte moCuqurTmebuli 

hqonda da me bizantiurad meCvena (Turme 

sul tyuilad). eklesia Signidan da garedan SeZerwilia 

gaTlili kvadrebiT, magram gadakeTebis kvali 

aSkaraa: meored, uadgilodaa Casmuli reliefuri, 

lilvebiani qva N Sesasvlelis marcxniv da S kedel- 

Si, Signidan sarkmlis sapire. naxevarwriul afsidaSi 

ori mcire, Seisruli TaRiani niSaa. es gadakeTeba 

XIV_XV s-sa mgonia * . erTaderTi Sesasvleli eklesia- 

* SeniSvna d. berZeniSvilisa: erTaderTi Sesasvleli eklesiaSi 

N-danaa, mere damatebiT garRveuli. eklesias irgvliv 

calke galavani aqvs. 

113

Si N-danaa. mere damatebiT garRveuli. eklesias irgvliv 

calke galavani aqvs. mTavar koSkSi Sesasvleli 

meore sarTulzea misadgmeli kibiT Sida cixis 

ezodan. Sida cixeSivea mrgvali godoli, romlis 

farTo zedapiri saomari moedani unda iyos mecixovneTaTvis, 

romlebic aq farTo, 23-safexuriani qvis kibiT 

Camodiodnen. cixis teritoriaze aris sxva saTavsoTa 

da kedlebis naSTebic. es marTla qajis cixe, 

SoTas ar mougonia (n. berZeniSvili 35 ...). 

am cixesac lalafaSa arTmevs aTabagebs da osmalebic 

warmatebiT iyeneben. miuvaloba icavs cixes mosaxleobisagan: 

qva ver gaaqvT... 

Semdeg Crdilis tbaze, sof. urTis eklesiaze 

daSenebuli jame vnaxeT. es kedlebic mSvenivradaa 

daculi: wmindad morgebuli gaTlili qvebi. O kedelze 

garedan ori samkuTxa maRali niSaa, sxivebiT 

dabolovebuli. S Sesasvleli amoqolilia (azomili 

iqneba). 

feqraSenic am tbis napirzea. mis eklesiaSi ar 

SegviSves (qurTebi cxovroben). S-dan mas sasadilo 

da maRazia aqvs midgmuli. irgvlivac saxlebia; maT 

saxuravebze gadavliT mainc gadaviReT eklesiis N kedeli, 

SesaniSavi CuqurTmiani kapiteliT. afsida Secvlilia 

betonis kedliT da eklesiaSi boselia usaxuravo... 

Crdilis (mTebi marTlac Crdilaven) tba veebaa: 

50 km-ia sigrZeSio... aRjayala ar Cans sibneleSi, albaT 

dangreulia. xval yarsSi wasulebi aq gamovivliT. 

10.08.08 

daviwyeT Crdilis tbaze aRjayaliT. am 

uzarmazar tbas erTgan SeWrili naxevarkunZuli aqvs. 

114

is sakmaod farTovdeba, misasvleli ki viwro aqvs, 

magram orive mxridan kedliT gadaketili. es kedeli 

gacilebiT gviania, vidre naxevarkunZulze arsebuli 

yvela Zegli. 

pirvel yovlisa yuradRebas iqcevs cixis S-iT 

ferdobze mdgari eklesia. is mozrdili, gafcqvnili 

Senobaa, saxuravCaqceuli, S SesasvleliT da W sarkmliT. 

N da S-dan minaSenebis kvalia. S kedlis gareT 

damaTariRebeli ornamentiani qva gdia. bagrationebs 

Senoba XI s-iT dauTariRebiaT. 

kldovani qedis zedapiri mTlianad galavans 

uWiravs. esaa TrialeT-javaxeTSi gavrcelebuli 

ùrartuli~ mSrali wyobis kedlebi: orive mxridan 

mozrdili lodebi, romelTa Soris Cayrilia xurda, 

(Jandarmebma maxloblad aRmoCenili urartuli warwera 

gviCvenes. e.i. es cixe maTi Senoba iqneboda). zogan 

am galavans meoradi gamoyeneba kirze etyoba (albaT 

eklesiisave droidan). rac mTavaria, galavnis 

kedlebze, Signidan midgmulia swored iseTi saTavsebi, 

erTmaneTze miwyobili, rogorc faravnis Saorzea. 

aq organ kargad Cans Sesasvlelis brtyeli balavris 

qva. yvelaze maRal adgilas momrgvalebuli mSrali 

wyobis koSki unda yofiliyo. es simagre naxevarkun- 

Zulis kldezea, zRvisgan mainc moSorebiT. 

zed zRvis napirze ki meore, mrgvali koSkia veeba 

lodebiT, kirze nagebi. es, ueWvelad, eklesiis 

droisaa. amboben cixidan (eklesiasTan romaa) gvirabi 

midioda tbamdeo... 

ra movaleobas asruleben es simagreebi tbebTan? 

aseTi Zveli simagreebi javaxeTis tbebTanacaa da unda 

vifiqroT, wylis siaxlove, Tevzi, aseve wyliT mosasvlelis 

advili dacva, aseT punqtebs mniSvnelovans 

xdida. Sua saukeneebSi ki am simagreebs advilad 

115

SeeZloT yvelaze moxerxebuli gzis _ tbis sanapirosTan 

moZravi, navebis, gakontroleba. es imitomac, 

rom Zvelad, Sua tbasa Tu zRvaSi naviT curva Relvis 

gamo saSiSi iyo da napir-napir dacuravdnen. 

TviT `zRvaTa mefe~ fridoni da gvian gurielic, Sua 

zRvaSi vin curavda, ver akontrolebda... 

amis mere, tbisave pirs myofi sof. Wala 

(jala) movinaxuleT. aq pirvelad vnaxe sruliad 

mTeli, erTnaviani darbazuli eklesia, romelsac 

saxuravic (TaRuri) mTliani SerCenia. misi kedlebi 

kargad gaTlili da morgebuli lodebiTaa 

SeZerwili da aRmosavleTiT, or-ori, samkuTxa, niSaa 

mTeli kedlis simaRleze. O-iT maT Tavze iseTive 

sxivebi aqvT, rogorc urTaSi. N kedels xuTi TaRi 

gadasdevs. aseve iqneboda S kedelic, romelic ar 

Cans, radgan masze miudgamT jame. aman gadaarCina 

eklesiac, romlis perangis SemoZarculi qveda 

nawili W kedelze gviani narevi wyobiT SeuvsiaT. 

Sesasvleli S-danaa. mas james Senoba faravs. es 

eklesia auzomiaT bagrationebs da X s-iT 

dauTariRebiaT. maTve SeuniSnavT sakurTxevlis naxevarsvetebis 

Tavze samkuTxediT dasrulebuli saxate 

niSebi. marjvena samkuTxedSi asomTavruli warweraa. 

gadaiRes Tamazma da daudma. amaTi gadanaRebi 

SeiZleba gairCes. es SeuniSnavT bagrationebsac da 

weren: aqedan Cans, rom eklesia RmrTismSoblis saxelobisaao... 

X s-saa eklesia, msgavsi oTxTasi. 

CamovediT yarsSi. es qalaqi (sakmaod didi) usa- 

Svelo tramelebSia gaSenebuli, patara mdinaris pirze 

(araqsi ???). 

muzeumSi gareT gamotanili qvebi da arqeologiuri 

nivTebi gadaviRe, Cvenis msgavsi. ezoSivea vagoni, 

romelSic gaformda yarsis xelSekruleba ruseTsa 

116

da TurqeTs Soris... es marTlac niSandoblivia dRes, 

roca omi wavageT ruseTTan, oseTSi da maT dagvibombes 

gori, marneuli, zugdidi, senaki... 

yarsis cixe ise uazrodaa gaSenebul-SekeTebuli, 

rom naxvad ar Rirs. inglisur ganmartebaSi mxolod 

isaa naTqvami, rom selCukebma aages XII s-Si, monRolebma 

daangries 1383 w. da ganaaxla mustafa lalafa- 

Samo. arc qarTvelebi, arc somxebi arsad naxsenebi 

araa. somxuri eklesia ki dgas or meCeTs Soris, 

jvar-gumbaTovani muqi taZari. 

wamovediT arzrumSi da erTi RamiT sastumroSi 

movTavsdiT. xval wavalT im qalaqebSi, romlebic andria 

pirvelwodebulTanaa dakavSirebuli. 

11.08.08 

dRes wamovediT arzrumidan, veeberTela zegani, 

erTferovani, magram saxnav-saZovrebiT savse velebi 

gadmoviareT da zRvisken mimaval xeobebSi daveSviT. 

ulamazesi soflebi, mTebi... qalaq yarahisarSi 

SesaniSnavi cixea kldeze. braieris rukaze aq 

bizantiuri punqtia. 

mere neokesaria (niqsari) _ ulamazesi Zv. 

qalaqi ferdobze, Tavisi cixiT, eklesiebiT da 

elinisturi (?) naSTebiT. aq wm. andria trapizonidan 

movida, mere samosatelTa? qalaqSi iqadaga... 

eklesiebi, abanoebi, arabuli, berZnuli warwera 

jvrian qvaze eklesiaSi... viwro quCebi, bazari. 

(niksar). 

gamoviareT komana (giumania), aRaraferia 

SerCenili. CamovediT amasiaSi. centrSi kldeze cixea: 

mSvenieri qalaqi... televizorSi sul `gurjistan” 

ismis... 

117

12.08.08 

dRes davaTvaliereT qalaqi. is or mozrdil 

kldovan mTebSi momdinare patara wyalzea gaSenebuli, 

mis orsave napirze. mTavari cixesimagre mdinaris 

marcxnivaa. mas TiTqmis mTeli kldis zedapiri uWiravs. 

misi ferdis momzRudavi kedlebi TiTqmis mdinaremde 

Camodis. ferdzea gamoqvabulebi, sadac damarxulni 

arian mahmadiani sulTnebi. aris ori terasovani 

miwis nakveTi, ras axarebdnen zed maSin, axla 

ucnobia. yvelaferi ganaxlebulia axali Tlili 

qviT, romelic gegmas unda imeorebdes da Zveli wyobac 

Cans. sainteresoa, rom qalaqis ori nawilis damakavSirebeli 

axali xidis burjebi, eyrdnoba Zveli 

xidis oTx, kargad Senaxul kamarebs. sxva xidis burjebi 

pirdapir wyalSi dgas... axali da gansakuTrebiT 

Zveli saxlebi gadmokidebuli aivnebiT waagavan Tbilisurs, 

oRond ufro dablebi arian, wyalTan axlos. 

mSvenieri qalaqia. sainteresoa, aqauri erTi jame, gadakeTebuli 

eklesiaao. 

wamovediT sinopSi, gzad samsuni gamoviareT. 

orive mozrdili zRvispira qalaqia. 

sinopi SesaniSnavi: mozrdili naxevarkunZuli, 

SedarebiT viwro yeliT, ukavSirdeba materiks. aqaa 

swored gaSenebuli Zveli cixe-qalaqi. axali qalaqi 

mis gareTaa, magram mTlianad ar moicavs naxevarkun- 

Zuls. kunZuli O-iT moxrilia da moxerxebul yures 

qmnis. aqaa axla portic. 

13.08.08 

dRe daviwyeT muzeumiT. qalaqis istoria iwyeba 

xalkoliTidan (Zv. w. 4500 w.), mere qaSqebi, xeTuri 

warwerebi, kimerielebi, iranelebi, berZnebi, miTridate 

pontoelis dedaqalaqi, romaelebi, bizantielebi, 

118

arabebi, selCukebi, osmalebi... cixe-qalaqs varaudoben 

Zv. w. 600 w-dan. muzeumi provinciuli qalaqis kvalobaze 

kargia. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa ezoSi gamofenili 

elinisturi qvis masala da mozaikebi... 

wavediT cixe-qalaqis galavanSi SerCenili eklesiis 

sanaxavad. aRmoCnda bizantiuri, mozrdili, erTnaviani 

bazilika, Signidan moxatuli. iqve iyo veeba 

sasaxle (episkoposis?), sruliad sxva masStabebia 

eklesiis, sasaxlis cixis... 

cixis kedlebi grandiozulia, mravalgzis gadakeTebuli. 

kedlebSi CaSenebulia eklesiebis mrgvali 

qvis svetebi, gaxvretili Sig Casasmeli rkinis samagrebisaTvis. 

aris warweriani da jvriani qvebic, cxadia, 

eklesiebisa. 

saRamos navi daviqiraveT da kunZuls davuareT 

zRvidan, ramdenadac SegveZlo, or saaTSi. axali qalaqi 

Sendeba gorakebze. Zveli zRvidan ar Cans. 

televizorSi (Turqulad) aCveneben saqarTvelos 

dabombil qalaqebs... gasivda guli. yvela Cven gvereva, 

an ki rogor SevrCiT?... 

14.08.08 

guSin saRamos gaTurqebulma qarTvelma, sastumros 

patronma, migviwvia. zRvis napirze, lamazad mowyobil 

barSi dagvsxa ludsa da Txilze. qarTvelobis 

araferi etyoba, garda garegnuli silamazisa (60 

wlis iqneba) da, albaT moxerxebulobisa. mSoblebi 

arian wamosulebuli aWaridan. is aqaa dabadebuli. 

coli da Svili Turqebi... saqarTveloSi Tu Camova, 

mxolod Tavisi saqmis gasafarToveblad... coli 

skulptori Tu mxatvaria (ugemovno), romlis qandakebani 

_ diogenisa, poseidonisa _ dgas qalaqSi, mis 

ezosa da zRvaSi. ezosa da saxlSi aqvs muzeumis 

119

eqsponatebi: ganaTxari keramika da antikuri qvis svetebi, 

sinopuri monetebis mcire koleqcia. Cans, moyvarulia 

da muzeumis xelmZRvaneloba Tavisi koleqciis 

nawils mas uTmobs mnaxvelTa mosazidad da sastumros 

popularizaciisaTvis. masTan isvenebda trapizonis 

universitetis proreqtori, romlis inglisuri 

ar aRemateboda mis codnas siZveleebis Sesaxeb 

trapizonis raionSi. didi samsaxuri ki gagviwia maspinZelma 

_ mogvixerxa sastumro samsunis centrSi. 

samsuni SesaniSnavi qalaqia, misi Senobebi da r-nebi 

Tbiliss ar Camouvardeba... qalaqi Zv. w. VI s-dan, cixe 

XI s-dan yofila, romelic axla aRaraa... 

15.08.08 

mSvenier samsuns siZveleebi sul gadauylapia, 

rasac maTi gzamkvlevic (rusulad) mowmobs. erTader- 

Ti arqeologiuri parki darCenila, sadac sabagiro 

gziT avediT. orad-ori yorRania gaTxrili, xeTuri 

epoqisa. iqidan qalaqi naklebad Cans, mainc gadavi- 

ReT. yvelgan kafeebi - usasmelod da xelovnuri Can- 

Cqerebi... 

Tvenaxevris manZilze pirvelad davisveneT: dRis 

meore naxevari qviSian plaJze gavatareT, sadac mTeli 

sacurao teritoriaze kacs yelamde wvdeba wyali. 

vnaxeT qalebi kabebiT da TavSaliT mobanaveni. erTi 

gaTurqebuli WilaZec iyo biWunasTan erTad, isic 

wvivebamde SarvliT mobanave. qarTulad gvesaubreboda, 

ojaxSi ded-mamac qarTulad saubrobeno. 

saqarTvelodan rusis jari ar gadis. ar Svelis 

buSi 36 , raisi 37 da evrokavSiri. yvelas sajarod abu- 

Cad igdeben. TbiliSi ltolvilebi, gorSi _ kazakebi... 

kodoric davkargeT... `wyevla yvela maT, vinc 

maRribis velur yaCaRebs gauRo kari Tergdaleul 

120

darialisa~... 38 , "У России две напасти – это власть тьмы и тьма 

власти"... 39 . 

gori-Tbilisis gza gadaketilia, Sin misvla goderZi-javaxeTi-walkiT 

mogviwevs. vai Cvens Tavs... 

ganmartebebi: 

1. daud hakan berki – eqspediciis gamyoli, Tarjimani 

da mZRoli. 

2. nino da giorgi bagrationebi – arqiteqtorebi, – 

nino – sasuliero akademiis pedagogi, giorgi – 

gamomcemloba `nekeris” menejeri. 

3. avTandil miqacaZe – TurqeTSi, q. trabzonis generaluri 

konsuli. 

4. entoni braieri – ingliseli mecnieri, istorikosi. 

5. eldar bubulaSvili – eqspediciis wevri, istorikosi, 

profesori. 

6. daviT xoStaria – xelovnebaTmcodne, profesori. 

7. Temur xuciSvili – rukis “tao-klarjeTis xuroTmoZRvruli 

Zeglebis” redaqtori. 

8. eqvTime TayaiSvili – istorikosi, cnobili mecnieri 

da sazogado moRvawe (saqarTvelos eklesiam 

Seracxa wmindanaT – eqvTime RvTis kacis saxeliT); 

9. daviT musxeliSvili – istorikosi, saqarTvelos 

mecnierebaTa akademiis namdvili wevri. 

10. Tamaz SaraSeniZe – eqspediciis wevri, alpinisti. 

11. manana sanaZe – istorikosi, profesori. 

12. buba kudava – istorikosi, ist. mecn. Doqtori, 

xelnawerTa erovnuli centris direqtori. 

13. valeri silogava – istorikosi, profesori. 

121

14. vaxtang saRinaZe – droebiT Secvala eqspediciis 

Tarjimani. 

15. mixeil fxaWiaSvili – eqspadiciis wevri, koordinatori 

da teqnikuri direqtori. 

16. niko mari – enaTmecnieri, cnobili mecnieri da 

sazogado moRvawe. 

17. giorgi yazbegi – ruseTis armiis general-leitenanti, 

qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli 

sazogadoebis (1908-1918 ww.) Tavmjdomare. 

18. jaba samuSia – istorikosi, profesori; 

19. nugzar cecxlaZe – istorikosi, baTumis universitetis 

docenti. 

20. ivane gremelaSvili – arqiteqtor-restavratori; 

21. wm. miqael parexeli – IX s. cnobili saeklesio 

moRvawe, wm. grigol xanZTelis moswavle; 

22. giorgi kalandia – istorikosi, Jurnalisti; 

23. wm. grigol xanZTeli – VIII-IX ss. cnobili saeklesio 

moRvawe; 

24. moti da beili – evropuli terminebi Suasaukuneebis 

feodalis (raindis) rezidenciis (cixe-koSkis) 

aRsaniSnavad: moti – koSki, beili – galavaniT 

SemozRuduli ezo da samosaxlo; 

25. akaki SaniZe – enaTmecnieri, cnobili mecnieri da 

sazogado moRvawe; 

26. selim ximSiaSvili – aWaris yofili aRa, Semdgom 

axalcixis faSa, iyo aWaris ganmaTavisuflebeli 

moZraobis lideri, antiTurquli saqmianobis gamo 

Tavi mokveTes. 

27. zeinab menoli – Turqi qalbatoni (qaliSvilobaSi 

ximSiaSvili), selim ximSiaSvilis STamomavali. 

28. daviT asaTiani – eqspediciis wevri, operatori. 

29. darejan kldiaSvili – istorikosi, profesori. 

122

30. simon janaSia – istorikosi, cnobili mecnieri da 

sazogado moRvawe. 

31. gobroni – yvelis cixis cixovanTa meTauri (saqar- 

Tvelos eklesiam Seracxa wmindanaT – wm. mowame 

miqael-gobronis saxeliT). 

32. grigol (griSa) laziaSvili – sabWoTa kavSiris 

periodSi vales sasazRvro punqtis komendanti. 

33. ciuri lafaCi – saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis 

axalcixis filialis, iv. javaxiSvilis sax. 

samcxe-javaxeTis istoriuli muzeumis administraciuli 

menejeri. 

34. gogoriSvilebi – Sua saukuneebis samxreT-dasavleT 

saqarTvelos cixovani aznaurebi. 

35. niko berZeniSvili – istorikosi, cnobili mecnieri 

da sazogado moRvawe. 

36. jorj buSi – amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis prezidenti. 

37. kondoliza raisi – amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis 

saxelmwifo mdivani. 

38. `wyevla yvela maT, vinc maRribis velur yaCaRebs 

gauRo kari Tergdaleul darialisa~... _ orginal- 

Si ikTxeba: `da wyevla imas, vinc maRribis velur 

yaCaRebs gauRo kari Tergdaleul darialisa ...” _ 

ix. ioseb griSaSvili, t. II, leqsi “avlabari”, 1922. 

39. "У России две напасти – это власть тьмы и тьма власти"... – 

leqsi-eqspronti vladimer aleqsandres-Ze giliarovskis 

(1853-1935), romliTac man mimarTa imperator 

aleqsandre III-is droindel ruseTs. 

123

124 

devi berZeniSvili 

wminda andria mociqulis nakvalevi 

saqarTveloSi 

andria pirvelwodebulis mimosvla-qadagebaTa 

Sesaxeb uZvelesi gadmocemebi II saukunidan Cndeba. 

amis Semdgom, sxvadasxva redaqciebSi es gadmocemebi 

damatebiTi cnobebiT ivsebian, farTovdeba mociqul- 

Ta moRvaweobis geografiukli are. 

adreul berZnul-laTinur teqstebSi daculi, 

uZvelesi tradiciis mixedviT, andriasa da mis Tana- 

Semwe mociqulTa mier qristianobaze mosaqcev qveynebad 

dasaxelebulia Savi zRvis samxreTi sanapiro da 

skviTebi 1 . andria pirvelwodebuli qadagebda “queyni- 

Ti queynad, da qalaqiTi qalaqad, da sofliTi sof-

lad”; Savi zRvis samxreTidan CrdiloeTSi mimavali 

gzebi, bunebrivad saqarTveloze gadiodnen; amitomac 

momdevno redaqciebSi, am gzaTa Semcveli mxareebi 

dakonkretda saqarTvelos dasavleTsa da samxreTSi. 

zemoTqmuls xels uwyobda isic, rom Zvel ucxour 

wyaroebs zogjer erevaT erTmaneTSi qarTvelTa 

da skviTebis teritoria, an qarTvelebi skviTebis 

mezoblad gamohyavT 2 . SesaZloa amas erTgvarad mxars 

ubamda skviTinebis tomis moxsenieba qsenofontTan, 

md. Woroxis dasavleTiT, romlis saxelwodeba megrul-Wanuri 

“SkviTiT” (Svidi) ixsneba 3 . 

skviTebis miyolebiT Cndeba abazgia da didi sebastopolisi, 

afsarTa cixesimagre, isos navsadguri 

da mdinare fazisi, sadac cxovrobdnen, iberebi, susebi, 

fustebi da alanebi. es cnobebi epifane kviprelisagan 

(310-403 ww.) auRia da gamouyenebia “wminda andrias 

cxovrebaSi” epifane monazons (+780) 4 . manve Seqmna 

koncefcia andria mociqulis sami mogzauris Sesaxeb, 

rac safuZvlad daedo yvela momdevno gamocemas 

5 . 

epifane monazvnis nawarmoebi SemdgomSi gadaamu- 

Sava nikita daviT paflagonelma (IX-X ss.), xolo 

eqvTime mTawmindelma (XI s.) Seqmna “mosaxsenebeli mimosvlaTaTvis 

da qadagebaTa yovlad qebulisa da didebulisa 

mociqulisa andriasi”. es unda iyos erTerTi 

berZnuli redaqciis qarTuli Targmani, romelic 

rogorc irkveva, eqvTime mTawmindels uTargmnia 

1011 w. 6 SeiZleba vifiqroT, imave berZnuli teqstis paraleluri 

rusuli Targmania gadmocemuli ukanasknel 

moskovur gamocemaSi (А. Ю. Виноградов, 2004). 

eqvTimeseuli Targmanis mixedviT, pirveli mogzaurobis 

dros petre, andria, mataTa da gaioz Cadian 

antioqiaSi; amis Semdgom andria ”miiwia trapezundad, 

125

omeli-igi ars sofelsa megrelTasa, sada igi dayo 

Jami mciredi... ganvida mier da Sevida queyanasa qar- 

Tlisasa, vinaÁca – igi dayo Jami friadi da mravalni 

gananaTlna sityÂiTa moZRvrebiTa misisaÁTa”. ASemdeg 

parTiis gavliT, mociquli ierusalimSi misula 7 . 

paraleluri berZnuli teqstidan naTlad Cans, 

rom avtori “lazikes” “megrelTa soflad” Targmnis, 

xolo “iberias” ki uwodebs “queyanasa qarTlisasa”. 

garda imisa, rom es XI s-is ganaTlebuli qarTvelis 

Sexedulebas asaxavs Tavis samSobloze, faqtobrivad 

ase iyo I saukuneSi: iberia am dros Sav zRvaze gadioda 

8 . 

meore mogzaurobisas andria da iovane, midian 

qalaq efesos; andrias aq eCvena ieso qriste, romelmac 

ubrZana wasvla biTviniaSi da guTeTis qveyanaSi. 

miuxedavad berZnuli teqstisadmi TiTqmis sityvasityviT 

midevnebisa, eqvTime skviTias Targmnis 

“queyanad guTeTisa” 9 . aq unda asaxuliyo codna imisa, 

rom skviTebs SemdgomSi guTebi Seenacvlnen. 

nikeis Semdgom andria mociquls mounaxulebia 

qalkedoni, sinopi, sadac mas TiTi moaWames da qalaqi 

zaliqoÁ. amis Semdeg andria mociquli “miiwia 

trapezundad, qalaqsa mas samegreloÁsasa, mier warvida 

da mivida neokesarias”, mere samosatsa da ierusalims 

10 . amjeradac “lazika” Targmnilia rogorc 

“samegrelo”. 

mesame samociqulo mogzaurobaSi andria pirvelwodebuls 

axldnen simon kananeli, mataTa da Tadeozi. 

am mogzaurobis mniSvnelobis gamo, SeiZleba is 

ufro dawvrilebiT ganvixiloT. 

mociqulebi Cadian qalaq edesaSi, sadac Tadeozi 

rCeba iqaur mTavar avgarozTan; andria, simon da 

mataTa “moiwines queyanad qarTlisa da vidre mdina- 

126

edmed Woroxisa”. berZnul teqstSi gvaqvs “iberia” 

da “fazisi” 11 , magram isic cnobilia, rom berZnuli 

wyaroebi rionis garda faziss uwodebdnen Woroxsac 

12 . 

eqvTimeseuli Targmanis mixedviT, “merme STavides 

sosanelTa sofelsa (ase ewodeboda qveyanas) xolo 

didi andria, sÂimoniTurT Sevides queyanasa 

ovseTisasa da miiwies qalaqad, romelsa ewodebis 

fostafor” 13 . 

epifane konstantinepoleli monazvnis monaTxrobi 

am adgilas odnav vrcelia, Tan arsebiTi; andria 

simoni da maTe Cadian iberiasa da fazisSi (aq saxels 

“mdinare” ar axlavs), “xolo ramdenime dRis Semdeg 

susaniaSi. am tomis mamakacebs mbrZaneblobdnen qalebi. 

advilad damyolia qalis buneba da isinic male 

damorCildnen (mociqulTa moZRvrebas). maTe mowafeebiTurT 

darCa im qveynebSi... xolo simoni da andria 

wavidnen alaniaSi da qalaq fustaSi” 14 . 

amasve imeorebs berZnul-rusuli bolo gamocema 

15 . sabininiseuli redaqciis mixedviT ki, sosangelTa 

mTavari vinme dedakacia, romelmac irwmuna mociqulTa 

qadageba. mataTa darCa iq, andria da simoni 

ki, osTa qveyanaSi, qalaq fostafors movidnen 16 . 

susania-sosangelTa da susebs svaneTSi varaudobda 

s. yauxCiSvili 17 . p. ingoroyva ki, mas sania-sanigebis 

mxared miiCnevda, Woroxisa da afsaris raion- 

Si. mataTas am mxareSi darCenis Sesaxeb zemomotanil 

cnobebs, avtori amatebda sofronis (IV s.) versias: 

“mataTam... iqadaga saxareba meore eTiopiaSi, sadac 

aris afsaris cixesimagre da hÂsis navsadguri... iqve 

gardaicvala da damarxulia dRemde” 18 . afsari goniodaa 

miCneuli 19 . 

127

qarTul redaqciebSi berZnuli teqstis alania 

da qalaqi fusta Targmnilia oseTad da qalaq fostafor-ad. 

SesaZloa aq berZnuli “fustan polin”-is 

damaxinjebasTan gvqondes saqme, ras zog qarTul redaqciaSi 

“bosfor”-adac ki aisaxa. 

am punqts s. yauxCiSvili misimielTa mxareSi, Tu 

mis mezoblad varaudobda 20 . sarwmuno unda iyos mosazreba 

d. musxeliSvilisa, rom amtyelis xeobaSi dadasturebuli 

saxeli afusta, Zveli fustaa 21 . 

eqvTimeseuli Targmanis mixedviT, fostaforidan 

mociqulebi “Sevidnen queyanasa afxazeTisasa da sevastiad 

qalaqad mivides... mun dauteva netarma andria 

sÂmon kananeli... da Tavad jiqeTisa queyanasa warvida”. 

paralelur berZnul teqstSia “abasgia” da “didi 

sebastopoli” 22 , asevea es epifane konstantinopolelTan, 

sadav damatebiT Cans, rom andriam damo- 

ZRvra “gorsinebi didi sebastopolisSi” 23 . 

eqvTimes teqstidan vityobT, rom andria Semdgom 

misula “bosfor qalaqad”, romelic eqvsinis zRvis 

kidesaa, meotiis tbasTan. iqve yofila “luskumaÁ, romelsa-zeda 

sweria saxeli sÂmon moSurnisaÁ. xolo 

sÂmon kananelisa saflavi ars nikofse qalaqsa Soris 

afxazeTisa da jiqeTisa” 24 . berZnul teqstSi simon kananelis 

saflavi moxseniebulia “zikxebis nikofse”- 

Si. 

aseTia “andrias mimosvlis” eqTimeseuli Targmanis 

saqarTvelosTan dakavSirebuli momentebi. amas 

garda, aris kidev erTi redaqcia am nawarmoebisa, romelic 

mecnier kacTa komisias (XVIII s.) CanarTis saxiT 

Seutania “qarTlis cxovrebaSi”. is ufro vrceli 

da detaluria, vidre eqvTimeseuli teqsti da sayuradRebo 

gansxvavebebsac Seicavs 25 . 

128

qarTlis cxovrebiseuli teqstis mixedviT, 

RmrTismSobelma Tavis wilxvdomil saqarTveloSi, 

andria pirvelwodebuli gamoagzavna, RmrTismSoblis 

xelTuqmneli xatiT. Zveli “qarTlis cxovrebis” 

teqsti, aderkis mefobis Jams, ixseniebs wminda mociqulebs. 

iq ikiTxeba: “movides... andria da sÂmon kananeli 

afxazeTs da egriss. da mun aResrula wminda 

sÂmon kananeli qalaqsa nikofsisasa, sazRvarsa ber- 

ZenTasa. xolo andria moaqcivna megrelni da warvida 

gzasa klarjeTisasa” 27 . 

amas mosdevs CanarTi, saidanac Cans, rom andria 

mosula trapizonSi, megrelTa qalaqSi, iqidan Sesula 

qarTlis qveyanaSi, “romelsa did-aWara ewodebis”. 

misi qadagebiT xalxi moqceula qristes sarwmunoebaze. 

iq, sadac man RmrTismSoblis xati daasvena, aRmoecena 

wyaro, romelic “vidre dResaca dauwyuedelad 

aRmosdis”. aqve mociquls daudgenia mRvdlebi, augiaT 

eklesia RmrTismSoblis saxelobisa. adgilobriv 

mosaxleobas aRar undoda mociqulis gaSveba, magram 

raki sxva gamosavali ar iyo, misTvis uTxoviaT 

RmrTismSoblis xatis datoveba. andrias am xatze ficris 

dadebiT, Seuqmnia meore xati, romelic eklesiaSi 

dausvenebiaT; isic “vidre dRes-aqamomde hgies”. 

am CanarTis mixedviT, did-aWaridan andria “warmoemarTa 

da gardamovlo mTa, romelsa ewodebis rkinis-juari, 

da Tqmul ars, viTarmed juari igi TÂT 

netarisa andrias mier aRmarTebul ars”. aqedan mociquls 

Cauvlia oZraxis xevi, mosula samcxis saz- 

RvrebSi da SeCerebula sofel zaden-gorasTan. aq mas 

unaxavs, Tu rogor swiravdnen msxverpls iqaurebi 

yru kerpebs. RmrTismSoblis xatTan locvis meSveobiT, 

es kerpebi daemxvnen da Seimusrnen. 

129

amis Semdgom andria “warmoemarTa da moiwia 

awyvers, romelsa pirvelad ewodeboda sosangeTi, da 

pirispir saqrisi”. aq igi gaCerebula sakerpo taZris 

siaxloves, “romelsa aw Zveleklesia ewodebis”. maSin 

Turme iq kerpebs emsaxurebodnen. 

CanarTis teqstis mixedviT, im adgilebSi maSin 

mTavrobda qvirivi qali, vinme samZivari, romelsac 

erTaderTi Ze mohkvdomoda. Rame adgilobriv mosaxleebs 

daunaxavT didi naTeli, cixeSi dasvenebuli 

RmrTismSoblis xatidan rom aSuqebda. gakvirvebulebs 

moukiTxavT iq myofTa vinaoba da qvrivi mTavrisaTvis 

mouxvenebiaT: ucnobni arian, ucxo RmerTs qadageben 

sicocxlis momniWeblad, mkvdarTa aRmdgenelad 

da pativs scemen mSvenier xatso. 

qvrivi qalis TxovniT andria mociqulma misi Ze 

mkvdreTiT aRadgina, ris Semdegac deda-Svilma, maTi 

saxleuliT naTeliRes. qvrivma dedakacma ixmo samcxis 

mTavrebi da saqrisis veli gaivso xalxiT. 

qalaqis sakerpo bomonSi, artemisa da apolonis 

kerpebs eTayvanebodnen. yovladwmindis xatis meSveobiT 

mociqulma es kerpebi Semusra da mTelma iqaurma 

mosaxleobam irwmuna qriste RmerTi. 

amis Semdgom andriam daudgina maT episkoposi, 

mRvdlebi, diakonni, xolo xalxis Txovnaze daetovebina 

maTTvis xati man upasuxa: “viTar-igi yovlad 

wmindasa RvTismSobelsa wil-xuda qveyana ese samcxisa, 

da mis mier warmogzavnil ars aqa xati igi sasod 

da mcvelad wilxvdomilTaTvis da jereTca 

egred ars, raTa daesvenos aqa mkÂdrad ukunisamde 

JamTa”. ase miuRiaT es xati awyverlebs “da daasvenes 

yovlad didebuli xati yovlad wmidisa awyveris 

RvTismSoblisa, mciresa mas ekudersa, romelsa aw 

130

Zvel-ekoesiad saxel-sdeben”. awyveridan andria mociquli 

sxva adgilebSi wasula saqadageblad. 

aq Tavdeba ZiriTadi CanarTi, ris Semdegac Zveli 

“qarTlis cxovreba” agrZelebs CanarTis win dawyebul 

ambavs andrias mier megrelTa moqcevasa da klarjeTs 

wasvlaze. mefe aderkis megrelebi ukanve mouqcevia, 

xolo klarjeTis erisTavs – gaswyromia mociqulis 

mSvidobiT gaSvebisaTvis. 

Semdeg “qarTlis cxovrebis” teqstSi meore CanarTia, 

saidanac Cans, rom ierusalimSi martÂlis 

dResaswaulis aRsrulebis mere, andria da sxva mociqulebi 

mosulan “queyanasa qarTlisasa”. Semdeg gauvliaT 

“taos kerZi queyana, vidre mdinared Woroxamde”. 

ase qadagebiT mosulan “svaneTisa qveyanasa”. ma- 

Sin iqac vinme dedakaci mTavrobda, romelsac Seusmenia 

mociqulTa qadageba. mataTa iq darCenila, xolo 

andria da simoni Sevidnen “qveyanasa ovseTisasa”, 

mividnen qalaq fostaforSi. 

maTi moqcevis Semdgom, mociqulebi wasulan “queyanasa 

afxazeTisasa da sevaste qalaqad mivides, romelsa 

ewodeba cxumi”. aq andrias dautovebia simon 

kananeli, Tavad ki jiqeTis qveyanaSi wasula... “xol 

simon kananelisa saflavi ars nikofs qalaqsa, Soris 

afxazeTisa da jiqeTisa, rameTu mun aResrula wminda 

sÂmon kananeli. 

xolo kualad ganamtkicna wmindaman andria megrelni 

da afxazni da warvida skÂTed” 28 . esaa “andrias 

mimosvlis” vrceli moTxroba daculi “qarTlis 

cxovrebaSi”, magram esec unda iTqvas: andrias mimosvlis 

teqstebi, sxvadasxva nusxebSi, xSirad gansxvavdebian 

eqvTimeseuli Targmanisagan. 

“qarTlis cxovrebis” vrcel CanarTSi, yvelaze 

metad, konkretuli punqtebia TavCenili. aq pirvela- 

131

daa dasaxelebuli did-aWara, rkinis jvari, oZraxis 

xevi, zaden-gora, awyveri, saqrisi da, rac mTavaria, 

awyveris Zveli saxeli sosangeTi. berZnuli teqstebis 

susebi da susania sosangeTis formiT pirvelad 

eqvTimeseul qarTul TargmanSi Cndeba, magram is 

awyverTan araa kavSirSi. 

susaniaSi qalebis mbrZanebloba mamakacebze pirvelad 

epifane monazvnis teqstSi Cans, rac saxes icvlis 

sabininiseul redaqciaSi: iq sosangelebis mTavari 

vinme dedakacia; “qarTlis cxovrebis” CanarTSi 

es mTavari qvrivi qalia gvarad samZivari. redaqciebis 

umravlesobis mixedviT, mataTa susaniaSi rCeba 

rodesac susania svaneTad gaiazres, qali am xalxis 

mTavari da mataTac svaneTSi aRmoCndnen. magram mesame 

da uZvelesi cnoba mataTas qadagebasa da dakrZalvas 

afsar-gonioSi varaudobs. 

sainteresoa, rom samcxis Zvelsa da did sofel 

udeSi erTi Zveli eklesiis nangrevs da ubans “SuSanqalas” 

uwodeben. SesaZloa es faqti kavSirSi iyos 

susania-sosangeTTan da mxars uWerdes awyveris Zvel 

saxelwodebas. 

“qarTlis cxovrebis” vrceli CanarTis mixedviT, 

trapizonidan andria “Sevida queyanasa qarTlisasa, 

romelsa did-aWara ewodebis da iwyo qadageba saxarebisa” 

29 . marTlac leonti mrovelis cnobiT jer kidev 

farnavazma (Zv. w. III s.) aWara da samcxe oZrxis 

saerisTavod Camoayaliba 30 . 

sof. didaWara Woroxis marjvena Senakadis – aWariswylis 

zemo welze mdebareobs. es mozrdili sofeli, 

Cans, ZvelTaganve mniSvnelovani punqti yofila; 

mis saxelwodebaSi asaxula mTeli kuTxis saxeli. 

sainteresoa, rom iqaurebi zogjer cdiloben 

132

soflis saxelwodeba “ded(a)aWara”-d gaiazron. amave 

punqtTanaa kavSirSi hidronimi aWariswyali. 

zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, gasagebi unda 

iyos andria mociqulis arCevani. didaWaris dRevandeli 

mosaxleoba gadmocemiT imeorebs sayuradRebo 

faqtebs: nakafiserze miuTiTeben eklesiis naSTebs 

(gaTlili qvebi iyoo), romelsac mTavarangelo(zi) 

erqvao. soflis das-iT myof am maRal borcvze axla 

wm. andrias niSia; gadmocemiT ZvelaTve iq qalebi 

adiodnen, sanTlebs anTebdnen da loculobdnen. ni- 

Sis maxlobel ferdze, gadmocemiT yofila wyaro, axla 

damSrali. mosaxleoba sxvaganac miuTiTebs wminda 

wyaroze, romlis mikareba ar SeiZleba 31 . 

sofelSi sxvaganac yofila eklesia. adgil “xucurSi”, 

gzis piras axsovT naeklesiaris qviTkiris 

naSTi. aqvea Zveli qristianuli saflavebi. maxlobladve 

upoviaT qva jvris gamosaxulebiT. niSandoblivia 

maTi erTad arsebobis faqti “xucurSi”, rac, 

naTelia, xucess ukavSirdeba. asaxeleben “ekliyanasac” 

da Tvlian, rom es iyo eklesiis yana. 

soflis Semogarenis toponimiaSi sainteresoa: 

sacixuri (cixis naSTiao), qvabisjvari (sacixuris 

mTaSi), eliawminda, namonastrevi (nasoflari sacixuris 

Tavze), jvarTnisa. 

soflidan kargad Cans goderZis uReltexiliT 

samcxes mimavali gza. yovila meore gzac, romelic 

rkinisjvris mTaze adis, iqidan ki samcxisa da imereTisaken 

daeSveba. CanarTis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, 

did-aWaridan wamosul andrias unda gaevlo 

iremaZeebi. sacixuri, agara, Rorjomi, civwyaros mTa, 

qvabisjvari, mamlis mTa. am gzaze eklesiaTa nangrevebia 

Zvel rukebze aRniSnuli. 

133

kinisjvris aRmarTvas zekaris uReltexilze 

gadmocema andria mociquls miawers. marTlac andrias 

saswaulebSi xSirad Cans rkinis kverTxi, Tavze 

jvargamosaxuli. mociquli mas aramarto sayrdenad, 

aramed uwmindurTa gasanadgurebladac xmarobda. saqarTveloSi 

uReltexilebze qvajvarTa dadgma gavrcelebuli 

movlena iyo, ras asaxuli toponimiaSic 

(jvris uReltexili – jvarTayeli, jvariantoni ialnos 

qedze, jvarildi svaneTSi, qvajvaras mTa da 

uReltexili gujareTSi), magram rkinis jvrebi andria 

mociqulze arsebuli gadmocemebidan SeiZleba 

modiodes. rkinis palos mTas WaneTisa da trapizonis 

sazRvrad asaxelebs vaxuSti batoniSvili 32 ; Turqebze 

gamarjvebis niSnad, rkinis jvari daudgams paskeviCsac 

imereT-samcxis qedze, albaT zekaris rkinisjvris 

mibaZviT; tradiciis mixedviT, andria mociquls jvari 

aRumarTavs iq, sadac axla gergetis samebis ta- 

Zari dgas 33 . SesaZloa amis safuZveli iyos gadmocema 

andrias gadasvlis Sesaxeb saqarTvelodan alaniaoseTSi 

(darialan-osTa kari). 

“gza rkinis-juarisa” ZvenTaganve iyo cnobili da 

qarTul wyaroebSiac ixsenieba. XI s-Si, mesxi aznaurebis 

mowveviT bagrat IV “warmoemarTa laSqriTa, 

gardamovlo gza rkinis-juarisa da Sekrbes aryis cixes” 

34 ; Tamar mefis winaaRmdeg ajanyebul giorgi 

russ mimxrobilma dadianma da misma laSqarma “gardamoiares 

rkinis-juari da Cavides cixis-juars da 

dawues qalaqi oZrÃe” 35 ; es cixisjvari rkinisjvris 

maxloblad myofi cixea. aqac uReltexilze gamaval 

gzasTan, Cans, jvari mdgara; XIII s-Si, mongolTa winaaRmdeg 

ajanyebis dros, cotne dadiani Tavisi laSqriT 

mosula “adgilsa, romel ars rkinis-juari” 36 . 

134

“qarTlis cxovrebis” vrceli CanarTis mixedviT, 

rkinisjvridan andria mociquls oZraxis xevi Cauvlia 

da sof. zaden-gorasTan misula. aq mas kerpebi 

daumxia. soflis saxelidanac naTlad Cans, rom es 

adgili warmarTuli RvTaebis Tayvaniscemis punqtia. 

zadenis kerpi xom mcxeTaSic idga (zedazeni-zeda 

zadeni). mniSvnelovani isaa, rom tradicia aq materialur 

dadasturebas poulobs: arqeologiuri ZiebiT 

aRmoCenilia sakulto daniSnulebis, brinjaosniRbiani 

xaris patara qandakeba. is antikuri xanis qar- 

Tul, warmarTul saritualo ceremoniaSi ixmareboda 

37 . 

es punqti mniSvnelovani darCenila Semdgom xanebSiac 

– Cans, nasoflari da samarxebi, gvirabi, darani, 

wyaro. aq idga qvajvaric, romelic axla aRar 

Cans. Sua saukuneebSi sofeli gazrdila da XVI s-is 

bolos zaden da gora soflebad gayofila 38 . 

zaden-goridan andria awyvers mosula, sadac 

samcxis eri qristianobaze mouqcevia (ix. zeviT). awyveri-samcxis 

erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi administraciuli 

da religiuri centri, Semdgomac xSirad Cans 

qarTul wyaroebSi, rogorc awyveris RmrTismSoblis 

xatis samyofeli. 

saqarTveloSi erakle keisris (VII s.) Semosvlas- 

Tan dakavSirebiT, juanSeris teqstis 4 nusxaSi (Bbкр) 

gvxvdeba CanarTi: “movida pirvelad qarTls, samcxes, 

da esma saswaulmoqmedeba xatisa mis, romeli wmidasa 

RmrTismSobelsa gamoesaxa da mieca pirvelwodebulisa 

andriasaTÂs, da mas moesvena da daesvenebina mciresa 

ekudersa Sina awyuers. movida keisari erakle 

xilvad da Tayvaniscemad xatisa mis. maSin iwyo erakle 

awyuers didisa saydrisa saZirkuelisa Cagdebad 

135

da Senebad, vidremdis mieriTgan gansrulda morwmuneTa 

kacTa mier, da mier Seqmnes saepiskoposod” 39 . 

“qarTlis cxovrebis” CanarTebi, dakavSirebuli 

andria pirvelwodebulis samcxesa da awyverSi moRvaweobasTan, 

aseve zemoxsenebuli CanarTi, gvafiqrebinebs 

– SesaZloa maT erTi avtori hyavdeT. esaa samcxe-aWaris 

istoriuli geografiis detalebSi kargad 

garkveuli pirovneba, egebis mawyvereli episkoposic 

ki (andria “warmoemarTa”, “moiwia awyvers”). 

werilobiT tradicias erTgvarad gaumyara safuZveli 

awyveris arqeologiurma kvlevam. dadasturda 

Zveli qalaquri dasaxleba mis teritoriaze. Zveli 

welTaRricxvis VI-V saukuneTa ganaTxar masala- 

Si, sayuradReboa berZnuli mxatvruli keramikis nimuSebi, 

III s-is samarxSi aRmoCenili sabeWdavi beWdebi, 

miTrasa da anahitis kultebis simboloebiT. eseni 

miCneulia maRali wris warmomavdgenelTa insigniebad. 

es masala aSkarad metyvelebs ucxo qveynebTan 

damakavSirebel gzebze da egebis awyveris Zvel xelisufalzedac. 

awyverSi aRmoCenili berZnuli mxatvruli keramika, 

mxars ubams CanarTSi naxseneb apolonisa da 

artemides kerpebis arsebobas Zvel awyverSi. aseve 

mniSvnelovania iqaur cixeSi Zveli fenebis dadasturebac, 

rac exmianeba CanarTSi xatis pirvelad iq dasvenebas 

40 . 

wmida mociqulis samcxeSi moRvaweobis kidev er- 

Ti anareklia sofeli andriawminda da misi eklesia 

md. uravliswylis marcxena sanapiroze. es eklesia X 

s-is darbazuli Senobaa da wmida andrias saxels 

atarebs. aq dReobas ixdian didi marxvis mexuTe xuT- 

SabaTs (Tebervali-marti-aprili), misi Semosvlis 

dRes. 

136

sofelSi gadmocemaa, romlis mixedviTac zadengoradan 

andriam focxovi gamotopa da am sofelSi 

movida. aq saswaulebi moaxdina: dabadebiT usinaTlo 

qals Tvali auxila; pitalo kldes kverTxi dahkra 

da wyaro gamoedina, romelsac dResac andrias wyaros 

uwodeben. aqedan andria kvalTaxevisa da orfolas 

gavliT, awyvers mosula. andriawmindaSi meore 

eklesia wm. giorgis saxelobisaa; maxlobladaa Tevdores 

eklesiac. 

XVI s-Si Turqebis batonobis dros, sof. andriawmida 

40-komliani dasaxleba iyo, qarTuli mosaxleobiT, 

romelTa Soris ori mRvdeli Cans 41 . 

es sofeli 1705-6 wlebSi vinme hasan abubeqris 

Zes ekuTvnoda da misi gamosaRebi 31000 axCas Seadgenda 

42 . 

samcxidan andria mociquli das. saqarTvelos 

mTianeTSi isev zekaris gziT unda wasuliyo. I saukunis 

romaeli geografosis – kastoriusis rukaze aRniSnuli 

artaSat-sebastopolisis gza swored ase miemarTeboda 

vardcixis gavliT 43 . 

am gzis I saukuneSi arsebobis damadasturebeli 

faqtia arqeologiuri TxriT aRmoCenili polemon II 

(pontosa da kilikiis mefe 38-64 ww.) moneta 44 . amave 

gzis meore totze arsebuli xani aseve sagzao punqti 

unda yofiliyo, radgan xani, xanaga sparsulidaa Semosuli 

da gzaze mosasveneb saxls aRniSnavs 45 . 

Sua saukuneebSiac moqmed am gzas wyaroebSi xSirad 

vxvdebiT (ix. win). vaxuSti batoniSvili ki wers: 

“gardavals aqedam gza kakas Ãidzed baRdads. am 

gzas, ewodeboda mTiT rkinis-juari” 46 . amave gzasTanaa 

dakavSirebuli mTa saxelwodebiT funduki, salaSqro 

xevi, kakasxidi – Zveli qvis xidis naSTiT. 

137

zemoT ganxiluli CanarTebis garda, gansxvavebebi 

moipoveba “qarTlis cxovrebis” sxvadasxva redaqciebSi. 

“qarTlis qveyanaSi” dasaxelebulia nigali, 

klarjeTi, artahan-kola 47 . urbnuli redaqcia ki gvauwyebs, 

rom andriam da simon kananelma pirvelad gananaTles 

qarTli. “merme ukun iqces da ganvles Worebi 

da Sevida svaneTs... gardavlo mTa da STavida 

ovseTad qalaqsa mas ovseTisasa bosforas” 48 . 

zemoTxsenebuli gansxvavebebi, cxadia moiTxovs 

xelnawerTa am adgilebis kritikul seswavlas. manamde 

ki cxadia, rom andria mociqulis Sesaxeb gadmocemebi 

saqarTvelos bevr mxareSia gavrcelebuli. 

sof. andriawmida aris imerxevSic, arTvinis vilaieT- 

Si. soflis saxeli iqac andrias saxelobis eklesiidan 

unda modiodes 49 . 

andrias Sesaxeb gadmocemebi SemorCenilia samegreloSic, 

romlis mixedviT, wm. andriam gaanadgura 

muxasTan mdgomi kerpi kapunia da mis nacvlad jvari 

aRmarTa. muxis ficrebisagan ki man xalxs eklesia 

aagebina 50 . wmida mociqulis Sesaxeb arsebuli werilobiTi 

berZnuli teqstebidan Cans, rom andria daqceuli 

kerpebisa, Tu sinagogebis adgilas eklesiebs 

aSenebda sxvaganac. 

J. Sardenisa da kr. kastelis mixedviT, wmida 

andria mociqulis saxelobis Zveli eklesia yofila 

biWvinTaSic. iq yofila jvriani sveti, romlis wina- 

Sec xalxi muxlmodrekili loculobda 51 . 

xalxSi SemorCenilia rwmena, rom Zvel anakofiaSi 

yofila eklesiis nangrevi wmida simon kananelis 

saxelobisa. 1840 w. mas gumbaTi Caqceuli hqonia, magram 

SemorCenili yofila freskuli mxatvrobis naS- 

Ti. a. n. muraviovis azriT, es unda yofiliyo nikofsia 

52 . 

138

andria pirvelwodebulis moRvaweobas saqarTveloSi 

xazgasmiT aRniSnaven giorgi mTawmindeli, giorgi 

mcire, efrem mcire. gadmocemam kanonizacia miiRo 

ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebaze da aRbeWdilia 

am krebis ZeglisweraSi: “...pirvelwodebuli andria, 

ZmaÁ Tavisa mociqulTaÁsa petresi, vidre Cuenadmdeca 

moiwia da qadaga sacxovrebeli qadagebaÁ saxarebisaÁ 

yovelsa queyanasa saqarTveloÁsasa” 53 . 

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139

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27. iqve, 38. 

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30. iqve, 24. 

31. SesaZloa andria mociqulze gadmocemasTan iyos 

kavSirSi sofelSi gavrcelebuli Tqmuleba, rom 

gelaurSi kaciWamiebi iyvnen. qarT. variantSi: “kacis 

mWamelad wodebulTa queyana”. 

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34. “qarTlis cxovreba”, I, 301. 

35. “qarTlis cxovreba”, II, “sabW. saqarTvelo”, Tb., 

1979, 51. 

140

36. iqve, 216. 

37. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, I, “sabWoTa saqarTvelo”, 

Tb., 1970, 373. 

38. s. jiqia. gurjistanis vilaieTis didi davTari III, 

Tb., 1958, 173. 

39. “qarTlis cxovreba”, I, 224. 

40. v. liCeli. andria mociquli samcxeSi-arqeologiuri 

realoba mesxeTi. istoria da Tanamedroveoba, 

axalcixe, 2000, 108-109. andrias “cxovrebis” berZnuli 

teqstebis mixedviT, mociquli nikeaSic amxobs 

apolonisa da artemides kerpebs, maT adgilze ki 

jvrebs aRmarTavs. 

41. s. jiqia. gurjistanis vilaieTis didi davTari III, 

Tb., 1958, 221. 

42. Cildiris eialeTis jaba davTari, “mecniereba”, 

Tb., 1979, 121. 

43. n. lomouri. Zveli saqarTvelos savaWro gzebis 

sakiTxisaTvis, iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriis 

institutis “Sromebi”, IV, nakv. I, Tb., 1958, 108. 

44. v. jafariZe. vardcixis naqalaqari, “mecniereba”, 

Tb., 1989, 141. 

45. mz. andronikaSvili. narkvevebi iranul-qarTuli 

enobrivi urTierTobidan, Tb., 1966, 410. 

46. “qarTlis cxovreba”, IV, “sabW. saqarTvelo”, Tb., 

1973, 664. 

47. “qarTlis cxovreba” I, 38. 

48. k. grigolia. axali qarTlis cxovreba, Tb., 1954, 

122-123. 

49. i. sixaruliZe. SavSeT-imerxevi, “sabW. aWara”, baT. 

1988, 56. 

50. n. RambaSiZe, wmida andria pirvelwodebulis 

“eTnografiuli gzebis” kvaldakval. saqarTvelos 

sapatriarqo. 

141

51. Sardenis mogzauroba. mz. mgalobliSvilis gamoc. 

“mecniereba”, Tb., 1975, 132-3. 

52. “mwyemsi”, 1893, #10. wm. mociqulis simon kananelis 

taZari afxazeTSi. 1876 w. anakofiis nangrevebze 

dafuZnda axali aTonis simon kananelis monasteri. 

1882 w. ganaaxles simon kananelis Zveli ta- 

Zari. 

53. didi sjulis kanoni. gamosacemad moamzades e. gabiZaSvilma, 

e. giunaSvilma, m. dolaqiZem, g. ninuam, 

“mecniereba”, Tb., 1975, 545. 

krebuli: “qristianobis 20 saukune 

saqarTveloSi”, Tb. 2004, gv. 73-85. 

142 


qarTuli tradicia wm. andria 

pirvelwodebulis Sesaxeb 

saqarTvelos uaxloes teritoriebze mociqulTa 

qadagebis amsaxveli pirveli cnobas origenes (185-254 

ww.) ekuTvnis, sadac skviTebis moqcevazea saubari. 

imave cnobaSi petre mociqulis wilxvdomil qveyneb- 

Si dasaxelebulia ponto da kapadokia. momdevno xanebis, 

IV-X ss. berZnul-laTinur wyaroebSi aRniSnul 

mxareebs TandaTan emateba afsarosi da md. fazisi, 

sebastopolisi, hisos navsadguri da abazgia. am adgilebSi 

cxovrobdnen iberebi, susebi, fustebi, alanebi:

arTlome mociqulis samoRvaweo adgili ki yofila 

“CrdiloeTi”. 

andria pirvelwodebuli qadagebda “queyniTi queynad, 

da qalaqiTi qalaqad, da sofliTi soflad”. 

Savi zRvis samxreTidan CrdiloeTSi mimavali gzebi 

bunebrivad saqarTveloze gadioda, amitom Semdgomi 

xanis redaqciebSi am gzaTa mimdebare mxareebi dakonkretda 

saqarTvelos dasavleTsa da samxreTSi. zemo- 

Tqmuls xels uwyobda isic, rom Zvel ucxour wyaroebs 

zogjer erTmaneTSi ereodaT qarTvelTa da skvi- 

Tebis teritoria, an qarTvelebi skviTebis mezoblad 

gamohyavdaT 1 . 

ucxoenovan am wyaroebs qarTvelebi adridanve 

gascnobian, rac bunebrivia, airekla kidec Zvel qar- 

Tul mwerlobaSi. VIII s-Si misi kvali SeniSnulia 

ioane sabanis Zis TxzulebaSi “martvilobaÁ habo 

tfilelisaÁ”. iq naTqvamia aboze, rom dasavleT saqarTveloSi 

(“afxazeTi”) “ixila man queyanaÁ igi 

savsÀ qristÀs sarwmunoebiTa... trapezuntiaÁ mun ars, 

sayofeli igi afsareaÁsaÁ da nafsaÁs navTsadguri” 2 . 

samive aq dasaxelebuli punqti mWidrod ukavSirdeba 

mociqulTa moRvaweobas: trapizonSi iqadaga andria 

pirvelwodebulma da aqedan Semovida saqarTveloSi; 

afsarSi (gonio), gadmocemiT, dakrZalulia andrias 

TanamoRvawe mociquli mataTa; nafsais navsadguri nikofsiaa, 

sadac, aseve gadmocemiT, dausaflavebiaT andrias 

TanamoRvawe, mociquli simon kananeli. gonios 

cixis aRsaniSnavad naxmaria specifikuri gamoTqma, 

romelic ioane sabanis Zes mociqulTa mimosvlis mosaxseneblebidan 

gadmoaqvs: esaa “sayofeli igi afsareaÁsaÁ”, 

e. i. jaris adgilsamyofeli banaki (“parembole 

afsaros”) 3 . 

143

nikita paflagonielis (+890) Txzulebis qarTul 

TargmanSi romelic petre maiumeli episkoposis cxovrebaSia 

Semonaxuli, naTqvamia: “iqadaga qadageba igi 

wmidisa saxarebisa didebulisa qristes mociqulisa 

andreas mier queyanasa mas qarTlisasa, viTarca daswers 

nikita saRuTo da filosofosi mimosvlaTa Sina 

da qadagebaTa wmidisa mis mociqulisaTa” 4 . 

imave nikitas ekuTvnis wm. andrias qeba, sadac 

ikiTxeba: “Sen ki wmindao andria... CrdiloeTi gxvdeba 

wilad, iberebi da savromatebi da skviTebi da yoveli 

sofeli da qalaqi, romelni evqsinis pontos 

CrdiloeTiT imyofebian da samxreTiTac arian ganlagebulni” 

5 . 

IX-X saukuneebis mijnaze unda iyos Targmnili 

“miqel sabawmidelis wameba”, sadac mociqulTa wilxvdomil 

qveyanaTa Soris afxazeTia dasaxelebuli: 

“aTormetni nawilni aTormetTa mociqulTani, romel 

arian eseni: sindeTi da hindoeTi, guTeTi da saberZneTi... 

xersoneTi, afxazeTi, xazareTi” 6 da sxv. 

X s-is qarTul xelnawerebSi aris dosiTeos 

tvirelis (IV s.) Txzulebis qarTuli Targmani 12 mociqulTa 

da 70 mowafeTa Sesaxeb ( -95, -144); iq naTqvamia, 

rom “andria... warvida sebastielTa qalaqsa mas 

didsa, sada banaki igi iyo afsarelTaÁ da fasisi 

mdinarÀ” 7 . 

XI s-Si eqvTime mTawmindelma erT-erTi berZnuli 

xelnaweris safuZvelze Seqmna “mosaxsenebeli mimosvlaTaTvis 

da qadagebaTa yovlad qebulisa da didebulisa 

mociqulisa andriasi”. am naSromis mixedviT, 

pirveli mogzaurobis dros “andria miiwia trapezuntad, 

romeli-igi ars sofelsa megrelTasa... ganvida 

mier da Sevida queyanasa qarTlisasa, vinaÁca-igi dayo 

Jami friadi da mravalni gananaTlna sityÂTa moZ- 

144

RvrebiTa misisaÁTa” 8 . paraleluri berZnuli teqstidan 

naTlad Cans, rom avtori “lazikes” “megrelTa 

soflad” Targmnis, “iberias” ki uwodebs “queyanasa 

qarTlisasa”. garda imisa, rom esaa XI s-is ganaTlebuli 

qarTvelis Sexeduleba Tavis samSobloze, faqtobrivadac 

iberia I s-Si Sav zRvaze gadioda. 

meore mogzaurobisas, q. efesoSi andrias gamoecxada 

ieso qriste, romelmac ubrZana wasvla biTviniasa 

da guTeTis qveyanaSi. eqvTime mTawmindels 

“skviTia” gadmoaqvs “queyanad guTeTisa”. aq unda asaxuliyo 

codna imisa, rom skviTebs SemdgomSi guTebi 

Seenacvlnen. amjeradac mociquli mosula “trapezuntad, 

qalaqsa mas samegreloÁsasa” (“lazika”) 9 . 

mesame samociqulo mogzaurobisas andria, simon 

kananeli da mataTa “moiwines queyanad qarTlisa 

(“iberia”) da vidre mdinaredmde Woroxisa” (“fasidos 

potamu”) 10 . cnobilia, rom berZnuli wyaroebi rionis 

garda, faziss uwodebdnen Woroxsac 11 . 

eqvTimeseuli Targmanis mixedviT, “STavides sosangelTa 

sofelsa (ase ewodeboda qveyanas), xolo 

didi andria, sÂmoniTurT Sevides queyanasa afxazeTisasa 

(“abasgia”) da sevastiad qalaqad (“didi sebastopoli”) 

mivides... mun dauteva netarman andria sÂmon 

kananeli... da Tavad jiqeTisa quÀyanasa warvida” 12 . 

berZnuli teqstis “susania” qarTulSi “sosangeTadaa” 

gadmocemuli, romelsac s. yauxCiSvili svaneTSi, p. 

ingoroyva ki sania-sanigeTSi varaudobda, Woroxisa 

da afsaris raionSi, sadac sofronis (IV s.) mixedviT, 

mataTa yofila damarxuli 13 . 

eqvTimes teqsti gvauwyebs, rom andria Semdgom 

misula “bosfor qalaqad”, romelic evqsinis zRvis 

kidesaa; “xolo sÂmon kananelisa saflavi ars nikofse 

qalaqsa Soris afxazeTisa da jiqeTisa” 14 . berZnu- 

145

li teqstiT, simon kananelis saflavi “zikxebis nikofseSia”. 

swored am berZnul teqstze unda mieTiTebina giorgi 

mTawmindels antioqiis patriarqTan kamaTisas: 

“Cven pirvelwodebulisa... nawilni varT da samwysoni 

da mis mier moqceulni da ganaTlebulni da erTi 

wmidaTa aTormetTa mociqulTagani, simons vityÂ kananelsa, 

queyanasa Cuensa damarxul ars afxazeTs, 

romelsa nikofsi ewodebis” 15 . aq afxazeTi mTeli dasavleT 

saqarTveloa da is “queyanasa Cuensa” aris. 

giorgi mcire ambobda giorgi mTawmindelze, rom 

man “yoveli aRmosavleTi gananaTlna, da nawili igi 

andria mociqulisaÁ da simon kananelisaÁ kualad 

ganamtkica. rameTu andrea mociqulman movlo queyanaÁ 

Cueni, xolo simon kananelman srulad daimkÂdra, 

rameTu nikofss arian nawilni misni wmidani” 16 . avtori 

“yovel aRmosavleTSi” qarTlis kulturul 

erTeuls gulisxmobs, romelSic eguleba klarjeTi, 

samcxe da sxv. 

qarTlis cxovrebaSi Sesuli “mefeTa cxovrebis” 

teqsti aderkis mefobis Jams ixseniebs wm. mociqulebs: 

“movides... andria da sÂmon kananeli afxazeTs 

da egriss da mun aResrula wmida sÂmon kananeli qalaqsa 

nikofsisasa... xolo andria moaqcivna megrelni 

da warvida gzasa klarjeTisasa” 17 . aderki mefes megrelebi 

Zvelsave rjulze mouqcevia, Tumca maT jvarxatebi 

daumalavT. aderki klarjeTis erisTavsac gaswyromia 

mociqulis mSvidobiT gaSvebisaTvis 18 . 

XI s-is II naxevarSi efrem mcirem Seqmna nawarmoebi, 

sadac Sekriba Zvel wyaroebSi gadmocemuli cnobebi 

qarTvelTa gaqristianebis Sesaxeb. misi sityviT, 

“iTqumis CvenTÂsca mimoslvasa Sina wmidaTa mociqulisaTa 

andria pirvelwodebulisa mier qadagebaÁ 

146

Soris avazgiaÁsa, romel ars afxazeTi da mier warvlaÁ 

oseTad da kualad barTlomes mier mimovlaÁ 

CrdiloeTisaÁ, romel ars qarTli” 19 . iqve naTqvamia, 

rom mefe iustinianem (527-565 ww.) wm. RmrTismSoblis 

taZari aaSena afxazeTSi da mRvdlebi daadgina 20 . 

XI s-is erT sabuTSi, mijnaZoroelTa da opizarTa 

samamulo davas rom exeba, naTqvamia, rom 

mijnaZoroel mamebs bagrat mefis sasamarTloSi 

(1054-1072 ww.) moutaniaT “xatni wmidaTa mociqulTa 

petresi da pavlesi da nawilni wmidisa barTlome 

mociqulisani” 21 . cxadia, rom wm. barTlome mociqulis 

nawilebi klarjeTis qarTul monasterSi zemoxsenebuli 

cnobebis gamoZaxili da dasturia. 

gadmocemebma andria pirvelwodebulis Sesaxeb 

kanonizacia miiRo ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebaze 

– 1104 w., sadac andria mociquls miewereba saxarebis 

qadageba mTel saqarTveloSi. am krebis ZeglisweraSi 

vkiTxulobT: “...pirvelwodebuli andria... vidre Cuenadmdeca 

moiwia da qadaga sacxorebeli qadagebaÁ 

saxarebisaÁ yovelsa queyanasa saqarTveloÁsasa” 22 . 

Semdgom xanebSi werilobiTma da xalxurma gadmocemebma 

saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi imata. andria 

mociqulis mimosvla-qadagebaTa amsaxvel wyaroebSi 

Cndeba axali mxareebi da punqtebi. es gansakuTrebiT 

SeiniSneba metafrasul teqstebSi, romlebic eqvTime 

mTawmindelis Targmanis ueWvel gavlenas ganicdian. 

daviTisa da konstantines wamebaSi (XII s. I nax.), 

sadac murvan yrus droindel (VIII s.) ambebzea Txroba, 

naTqvamia: “viTarca gÂswavies ese ZuelTa uwyeba- 

Tagan, iyvnes... daviT da konstantine qarTvelni sanaxebisagan 

argveTisa... da iyvnes ganaTlebul embaziTa 

qadagebulisa andria da simon kananelisaÁTa, rameTu 

147

maT uqadages qriste qarTvelTa Soris pirvelad ninoÁs 

moslvisa” 23 . 

XII-XIII s-Ta mijnaze ioane anCeli Tavis TxzulebaSi 

“galobani anCis xatisani” werda: “andria... 

pirvelwodebuli idideboden yovelTagan uRaRTa RadoTa 

klarjeTisaTa... movida da xati ese saSineli 

Cuen... moguaniWa” 24 . maSasadame, ioane Tvlida, rom 

anCisxati – macxovris e. w. xelTuqmneli xatis tipisa 

– klarjeTSi andrias moutania. 

axali qarTlis cxovrebis sxvadasxva redaqcieb- 

Si andria mociqulis moRvaweobis adgilebad dasaxelebulia 

tao, svaneTi, nigali, kola-artani... unda vifiqroT, 

esenic Zveli gadmocemebis anareklia. XVIII 

s-is yvelaze vrceli CanarTi leonti mrovelis 

teqstSi aderkis mefobas emTxveva. is sayuradReboa 

Tavisi detalurobiTa da cnobebis siaxliT, sadac 

yvelaze metad konkretuli punqtebia TavCenili. trapizoni 

iq megrelTa qalaqia, romlis Semdgom andria 

Sesula qarTlis qveyanaSi “romelsa did-aWara ewodebis”. 

marTlac, qarTlis cxovrebis uZvelesi cnobiT, 

qarTlis samefoSi jer kidev farnavazma (Zv. w. 

III s.) aWara da samcxe oZrxis saerisTavod Camoayaliba 

25 . 

didaWara ZvelTaganve mniSvnelovani punqti yofila. 

am toponimSi asaxulia mTeli mxaris saxeli. 

saqarTveloSi kuTxeebi xSirad atareben maTi centrebis 

saxelebs: mTaqarTli, gurianTa, odiSi, Takveri, 

kola, gaCiani... didaWarasve ukavSirdeba hidronimi 

aWariswyali. sainteresoa, rom iqauri moxucebi cdiloben 

soflis saxelwodeba “ded(a)aWarad” gaiazron 

(Sdr: “bude-xevsureTi”). 

CanarTis cnobiT, andrias iqaurebi qristes 

rjulze mouqcevia da eklesiac augiaT, sadac axla 

148

wm. andrias niSia. aqedan wasul mociquls gadauvlia 

mTa rkinis-jvari, romelic, Txzulebis mixedviT, 

“TÂT netarisa andrias mier aRmarTebul ars”-o 26 . andrias 

saswaulebSi xSirad Cans rkinis kverTxi, Tavze 

jvargamosaxuli. mociquli mas uwmindurTa gasanadgureblad 

xmarobda. saqarTveloSi uReltexilebze 

qvajvarTa dadgma gavrcelebuli iyo, magram “rkinis 

jvrebi” andria mociqulze arsebuli gadmocemebidan 

SeiZleba modiodes. rkinis palos mTas WaneTisa 

da trapizonis sazRvrad asaxelebs vaxuSti batoni- 

Svili 27 . gadmocemiT, andrias jvari aRumarTavs iqac, 

sadac axla gergetis samebis taZaria 28 . 

“gza rkinis-juarisa” ZvelTaganve cnobili iyo 

da ixsenieba kidec qarTlis cxovrebaSi XI, XII da 

XIII s-Ta ambebTan dakavSirebiT 29 . zemoxsenebuli CanarTis 

mixedviT, rkinijvridan andria mociquls 

oZraxis xevi Cauvlia da sof. zaden-gorasTan kerpebi 

daumxvia. soflis saxelic warmarTuli RvTaebis Tayvaniscemis 

punqtze migvaniSnebs; zadenis kerpi xom 

mcxeTaSic idga – zeda zadeni – zedazeni. mniSvnelovania, 

rom samcxis zadenSi tradicia materialur dadasturebas 

poulobs: arqeologiuri ZiebiT aRmoCenilia 

sakulto daniSnulebis, brinjaosniRbiani xaris 

patara qandakeba, romelic antikuri xanis qarTul 

warmarTul saritualo ceremoniaSi ixmareboda 30 . 

andria Semdeg awyvers misula, romelsac maSin 

sosangeTi hrqmevia. berZnuli teqtebis susebi da susania 

sosangeTis formiT pirvelad eqvTimeseul qar- 

Tul TargmanSi gvxvdeba, Tumca iq is awyverTan araa 

dakavSirebuli. sainteresoa, rom samcxis Zvel sofel 

udeSi erT naeklesiarsa da ubans “SuSan-qalas” etyvian, 

rac SesaZloa kavSirSi iyos susania-sosangeT- 

Tan. 

149

awyverSi andrias RmrTismSoblis xelTuqmneli 

xatis meSveobiT saswaulebi mouxdenia, daumxvia artemidesa 

da apolonis kerpebi. andrias cxovrebis 

berZnuli teqstebis mixedviT, artemidesa da apolonis 

kerpebi andrias nikeaSic daumxvia da maT adgilze 

jvrebi aRumarTavs. amasTan dakavSirebiT niSandoblivia 

strabonis cnoba, rom “mosxebis qveyanaSi 

mdebareobs levkoTeas samlocvelo, friqses mier 

agebuli da misi samisno” 31 . 

arqeologiuri kvleviT awyverSi aRmoCenili 

berZnuli mxatvruli keramika aseve exmaureba wyaroTa 

Cvenebebs zemoxsenebuli kerpebis iq arsebobaze. 

samcxeSi andria mociqulis qadagebis sakiTxisa- 

Tvis sayuradReboa sof. andriawminda X s-is darbazuli 

eklesiiT. awyveris siaxloves myof am sofels 

saxeli wm. andrias saxelobis eklesiam misca, sadac 

dReobas ixdian misi Semosvlis dRes (didi marxvis 

mexuTe xuTSabaTs). 

saqrisis velze, samcxis eris gaqristianebam da 

awyverSi andrias mier Camotanili RmrTismSoblis 

xelTuqmneli xatis datovebam am punqts, rogorc religiursa 

da administraciul centrs, saxeli gauTqva 

mTel qveyanaSi. 

saqarTveloSi erakle keisris (VII s.) Semosvlas- 

Tan dakavSirebiT, juanSeris teqstis oTx nusxaSi 

(Bbкр) gvxvdeba CanarTi, romlis mixedviT, herakle qarTlsa 

da samcxes mosula. mas Tayvani ucia saswaulmoqmedi 

xatisaTvis da saZirkveli Cauyria awyveris 

didi saepiskoposo saydrisaTvis 32 . 

samcxidan andria mociquli dasavleT saqarTveloSi 

rkinisjvris gziT unda wasuliyo. IV s-is romaeli 

geografosis – kastoriusis rukaze aRniSnuli 

artaSat-sevastopolisis gza swored ase miemarTebo- 

150

da vardcixis gavliT 33 . am gzis I s-Si arsebobis damadasturebeli 

faqtia arqeologiuri TxriT aRmoCenili 

polemon II-is (pontosa da kilikiis mefe 38-64 ww.) 

moneta 34 . amave gzis meore totze arsebuli sof. xani 

aseve sagzao punqti unda yofiliyo (sparsulidan Semosuli 

xanaga) 35 . imave gzas ukavSirdeba mTa saxelwodebiT 

funduki da sof. kakasxidi – Zveli qvis xidis 

naSTiT. 

qarTlis cxovrebis mogviano CanarTebi imeoreben 

Zvel gadmocemebs andrias qadagebaze svaneTSi, 

oseTsa da afxazeTSi, simon kananelis saflavs ki nikofsiaSi 

adastureben. 

wm. andria mociqulis Sesaxeb gadmocemebi xalx- 

Sia SemorCenili didaWaraSi, samegreloSi (martvili), 

samcxeSi (andriawminda), kaxeTSi (martyofi), xev- 

Si (gergeti). didaWarasa da andriawmindaSi mociquli 

saswaulebs axdens, kldidan wyaros adens, martvilSi 

andrias daumxvia kerpi kapunia, muxasTan mdgomi, mis 

nacvlad jvari aRumarTavs, muxis ficrebisagan ki 

xalxs eklesia auSenebia 36 . 

xalxur gadmocemebs imeoreben Jan Sardeni da 

qristefore kasteli (XVII s.), romelTa mixedviT, wm. 

andria mociqulis saxelobis Zveli eklesia biWvinta- 

Si yofila (amaze metyveleben qarTuli sabuTebic); iq 

mdgara jvriani sveti, romlis winaSec xalxi muxlmodrekiT 

loculobda 37 . xalxSi SerCenilia rwmena, 

rom Zvel anakofiaSi (axali aToni) iyo simon kananelis 

saxelobis eklesia 38 , arqanjelo lamberti 

(XVII s.) ki darwmunebuli iyo, rom saqarTvelo wm. 

mociqulebma andriam da barTlomem moaqcies. misi sityviT, 

samcxeSi yofila wm. barTlomes saxelobis eklesia, 

romlis episkoposs iSxnels uwodebdnen... 39 

151

samcxis garda, sof. andriawminda aris imerxev- 

Sic (TurqeTis arTvinis vilaieTSi). iqac soflis saxeli 

wm. andria mociqulis saxelobis eklesiidan unda 

modiodes. andrias saxelobis eklesiebi aris guriaSi 

(xrianeTi) da TbilisSi. 

andria mociqulTan dakavSirebuli qarTuli 

tradiciuli gadmocemebi, materialuri kulturis 

Zeglebi da toponimiis monacemebi nasazrdoebia Zveli 

werilobiTi wyaroebiT. TavisTavad werilobiTi 

tradiciac bevrs iRebda xalxuri gadmocemebisagan. 

isini zogjer orazrovani an winaaRmdegobrivic iyo: 

mag. simon kananelis, wm. SuSanikis, Tu abibos nekreselis 

damarxvis adgilebi; yvela maT Tavisi axsna da 

dasabuTeba moeZebneba. 

literatura: 

1. mix. TamaraSvili. qarTuli eklesia dasabamidan 

dRemde, gamomc. “kandeli”, Tb., 1995, 166. 

2. ioane sabanis Ze. martÂlobaÁ habo tfilelisaÁ, 

Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, 

I, gamomc. “mecniereba”, Tb., 1964, 59-60. 

3. p. ingoroyva. giorgi merCule, gamomc. “sabWoTa 

mwerali”, Tb., 1954, 211. 

4. iv. javaxiSvili. Txzulebani XII, Tsu gamomc. Tb., 

1998, 46. 

5. mix. TamaraSvili. qarTuli eklesia... 167. 

6. kimeni I, k. kekeliZis redaqciiT, tf., 1918, 170. 

152

7. m. fiCxaZe. andria pirvewodebulis saqarTveloSi 

moRvaweobis sakiTxisaTvis, iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis 

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi, 

328, Tb., 1999, 228. 

8. m. kobiaSvili. andria pirvelwodebulis mimosvla- 

Ta eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmani, “literaturuli 

Ziebani”, XXI, Tb., 2000, 114. 

9. m. kobiaSvili. andria pirvelwodebulis... “literaturuli 

Ziebani”, XXII, Tb., 2001, 47. 

10. iqve, 48. 

11. s. janaSia. Savi zRvispireTis saistorio geografia, 

Sromebi VI, Tb., 1988, 263. 

12. m. kobiaSvili. iqve, 48. 

13. s. yauxCiSvili. georgika t. IV, nakv. 2. Tb., 1952, 393; 

p. ingoroyva. giorgi merCule, Tb., 1954, 224-226. 

14. m. kobiaSvili. andria pirvelwodebulis... “literaturuli 

Ziebani”, XXII, 2001, 51. 

15. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi 

II, “mecniereba”, Tb., 1967, 154. 

16. iqve, 173-174. 

17. qarTlis crovreba I, s. yauxCiSvilis gamoc. saxelgami, 

Tb., 1955, 38. 

18. iqve, 42. 

19. efrem mcire. uwyebaÁ mizezsa qarTvelsa moqcevisasa, 

Tu romelTa wignTa Sina moiÃseniebis, gamoc. T. 

bregaZisa, saq. ssr. mecn. akad. gamomc. Tb., 1959, 4. 

20. iqve, 11. 

21. qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi I, “mecniereba”, 

Tb., 1984, 32. 

22. didi sjuliskanoni, gamosacemad moamzades e. gabiZaSvilma, 

e. giunaSvilma, m. dolaqiZem, g. ninuam, 

“mecniereba”, Tb., 1975, 545. 

153

23. wamebaÁ daviT da konstantinesi, Zv. qarTuli agiografiuli. 

literaturis Zeglebi III, “mecniereba”, 

Tb., 1971, 249. 

24. Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia I, Seadg. 

s. yubaneiSvilma, Tsu gamomc. Tb., 1946, 383. 

25. qarTlis cxovreba, I, 24. 

26. iqve, 39. 

27. qarTlis cxovreba IV, “sabWoTa saqarTvelo”, Tb., 

1973, 659. 

28. T. sanikiZe. gergetis samebis ansambli, “mecniereba”, 

Tb., 1975. 

29. qarTlis cxovreba, I, 301; qarTlis cxovreba II, s. 

yauxCiSvilis gamoc. “sabWoTa saqarTvelo”, 51, 216. 

30. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi I, “sabWoTa saqarTvelo”, 

Tb., 1970, 373. 

31. T. yauxCiSvili. strabonis geografia, Tb., 1957, 124. 

32. qarTlis cxovreba I, 224. 

33. n. lomouri. saqarTvelos savaWro gzebis sakiTxisaTvis, 

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriis 

institutis “Sromebi” IV, nakv. I, Tb., 1958, 108. 

34. v. jafariZe. vardcixis naqalaqari, “mecniereba”, 

Tb., 1984, 141. 

35. mz. andronikaSvili. narkvevebi iranul-qarTuli 

enobrivi urTierTobidan. Tb., 1966, 410. 

36. n. RambaSiZe. wm. andria pirvelwodebulis “eTnografiuli 

gzebis” kvaldakval, saqarTvelos 

sapatriarqo, 93, 99. 

37. Sardenis mogzauroba, mz. mgalobliSvilis gamoc. 

“mecniereba”, Tb., 1975, 132-133. 

38. “mwyemsi”, 1893, #10, wm. mociqulis simon kananelis 

taZari afxazeTSi 1876 w. anakofiis nangrevebze dafuZnda 

axali aTonis simon kananelis monasteri; 

1882 w. ganaaxles simon kananelis Zveli taZari. 

154

39. il. tabaRua. saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa da 

wignsacavebSi I; Tb., 1956. 

Jurnali. `logosi”, 2007, N 4, 356-362. 

155 


qarTuli tradicia wminda andria 

pirvelwodebulis Sesaxeb 

saqarTvelos mezobel teritoriebze mociqulTa 

mier qristianobis qadagebis Sesaxeb pirveli cnoba 

origenesTan (185-254) gvxvdeba: petres wilxvdomil 

qveynebSi dasaxelebulia ponto da kapadokia, andrias 

skviTebSi uqadagia. momdevno xanis (IV-X ss.) berZnullaTinur 

wyaroebSi aRniSnul mxareebs emateba afsarosi, 

md. fazisi, sabastopolisi, hisos navsadguri 

da abazgia; ixsenieben, agreTve, im adgilebSi mcxov-

ebi iberebi, susebi, fustebi, alanebi; barTlome mociqulis 

samoRvaweo adgili yofila “CrdiloeTi”. 

am ucxoenovan wyaroebs qarTvelebi adridanve 

gascnobian, rac airekla kidec qarTul mwerlobaSi. 

misi kvali SeniSnulia ioane sabanisZis (VIII s.) TxzulebaSi, 

sadac gaqristianebul afxazeTSi (dasavleT 

saqarTvelo) ixsenieba trapezunti, nafsaÁs navsadguri 

(nikofsia) da jaris sadgomi banaki afsarosi 

(gonio) – punqtebi dakavSirebuli andrias “mimosvlebTan”. 

IX-X saukuneTa qarTuli originaluri da Targmnili 

Zeglebis mixedviT, andrias uqadagia qarTlis 

qveynebSi: afxazeTSi, “sebastielTa qalaqSi”, “afsarelTa 

banaksa” da md. fasisTan. 

XI s-Si eqvTime mTawmindelma erT-erTi berZnuli 

xelnaweridan qarTulad Targmna andria mociqulis 

“mimosvlani da qadagebani”, rac safuZvlad daedo 

Semdgomi xanis “mimosvlaTa” sxva redaqciebs. eqvTimes 

Targmanis mixedviT, andria qadagebda trapezunt- 

Si “sofelsa megrelTasa”, qarTlis qveyanaSi – md. 

Woroxamde, sosanigelTa qveyanaSi, oseTSi, qalaq 

fostaforSi, afxazeTis qveyanasa da sevastia qalaq- 

Si, jiqeTSi, gorsinebTan, did sebastopolisSi. amave 

wyaros cnobiT, svimon kananelis saflavi aris qalaq 

nikofsiaSi, afxazeTsa da jiqeTs Soris. am bolo 

cnobebs imeoreben giorgi mTawmindeli da giorgi 

mcire XI s-Si. 

barTlome mociqulis CvenSi moRvaweobis gamoZaxilia 

1054-73 ww. sigelSi naxsenebi wm. barTlomes nawilebi, 

romlebic miZnaZorelebs warudgeniaT sasamarTloze 

opizrebTan samamulo davis gamo. “qarTlis 

cxovrebis” leonti mroveliseuli teqsti (XI s.) 

andria pirvel-wodebulisa da simon kananelis samo- 

156

Rvaweo mxareebad miiCnevs afxazeTsa da egriss; wm. 

andrias mouqcevia megrelebi da wasula klarjeTis 

gziT. 

XI s-is II naxevarSi efrem mcirem Seqmna nawarmoebi, 

romelSic Sekriba Zveli wyaroebis cnobebi qar- 

TvelTa gaqristianebaze. iq andrias qadagebis adgilad 

dasaxelebulia afxazeTi. aRniSnulia iqidan misi 

gadasvla oseTSi. iqve barTlome mociqulis mier 

moqceuli “CrdiloeTi” ganmartebulia, rogorc qarTli; 

iustinianes mefobaSi afxazeTSi qristianobis 

gavcelebazea saubari, aq mas augia RmrTismSoblis 

taZari da daudgenia mRvdlebi. 

gadmocemebi andria mociqulis Sesaxeb kanonizirda 

ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebaze (1104 w.). mas 

saxarebis qadageba miewereba mTel saqarTveloSi. Semdgom 

xanebSi werilobiTma da xalxurma gadmocemebma 

am Temaze saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi imata. wyaroebSi 

Cndeba axali mxareebi da punqtebi: tao, svaneTi, 

nigali, kola-artaani, didaWara, rkinisjvari, oZrxisxevi, 

zaden-gora, saqrisi da awyveri, romlis saxeli 

sosangeTi yofila Zvelad. 

wm. andrias Sesaxeb xalxuri gadmocemebi Semor- 

Cenilia samegreloSi (martvili), samcxeSi (andriawmindaSi), 

kaxeTSi (martyofi), xevSi (gergeti); sofeli 

andriawminda aris samcxesa da imerxevSi, rac 

iq arsebuli eklesiebis saxelebidan unda modiodes. 

missave saxelzea agebuli eklesiebi guriasa da TbilisSi. 

Jan Sardenisa da qristefore kastelis (XVII 

s.) mixedviT, wm. andrias saxelobis Zveli eklesia yofila 

biWvinTaSi. xalxuri rwmeniT, anakofiaSi yofila 

simon kananelis saxelobis eklesia. arqanjelo 

lamberti (XVII s.) darwmunebuli iyo, rom saqarTvelo 

andriasa da barTlomes moqceulia. misi sityviT, 

157

samcxeSi yofila wm. barTlomes saxelobis eklesia, 

romlis episkoposs iSxnels uwodebdnen. 

andria mociqulTan dakavSirebuli qarTuli 

tradiciuli gadmocemebi, materialuri kulturis 

Zeglebi da toponimiis monacemebi Zveli werilobiTi 

wyaroebiTaa nasazrdoebi. Tavis mxriv, werilobiTi 

wyaroebic bevrs iTvisebdnen tradiciuli gadmocemebidan, 

amitom xalxuri rwmena-warmodgenebis gaTvaliswinebac 

aucilebeli Cans. 

samecniero konferencia: `wmida 

andria pirvelwodebulis gziT” (masalebi), 

xulo 2008, gv. 11-12. 

s a r C e v i: 

mixeil fxaWiaSvili 

eqspediciebis qronikebi......................................................................... 3 

devi berZeniSvilis dRiuri.............................................................35 


wminda andria mociqulis nakvalevi 

saqarTveloSi............................................................................................... 123 


158

qarTuli tradicia wm. andria 

pirvelwodebulis Sesaxeb...............................................................141 


qarTuli tradicia wminda andria 

pirvelwodebulis Sesaxeb.............................................................. 154 

159

andria pirvelwodebulis nakvalevze

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