ioane petriwis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb qarTuli himnografiis istoriaSi
ioane petriwis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb qarTuli himnografiis istoriaSi
ioane petriwis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb qarTuli himnografiis istoriaSi
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<strong>ioane</strong> <strong>ioane</strong> <strong>petriwis</strong> <strong>petriwis</strong> <strong>mniSvnelobis</strong> <strong>mniSvnelobis</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong><br />
<strong>Sesaxeb</strong><br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>himnografiis</strong> <strong>himnografiis</strong> <strong>istoriaSi</strong><br />
<strong>istoriaSi</strong><br />
55<br />
nino nino nino nino nino fircxalava<br />
fircxalava<br />
fircxalava<br />
fircxalava<br />
fircxalava<br />
ukve ramdenime welia, saqarTveloSi Camoyalibda da aqtiurad moRvaweobs<br />
`bizantiuri galobis Semswavleli jgufi~, romelic kiTxvis niSnis<br />
qveS ayenebs <strong>qarTuli</strong> mravalxmiani sasuliero musikaluri xelovnebis<br />
kanonikurobis sakiTxs.<br />
Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> sagaloblebis kanonikurobis sakiTxi qristianuli TvalsazrisiT<br />
eWvqveS dgeba maTi samxmiani JReradobis gamo. es braldeba kidev<br />
erTxel adasturebs im faqts, Tu ra Seufasebeli Rirebulebis dokuments<br />
flobs <strong>qarTuli</strong> musikaluri mecniereba didi qarTveli RvTismetyvelisa<br />
da filosofosis – <strong>ioane</strong> <strong>petriwis</strong> (XI s.) filosofiis saxiT. <strong>petriwis</strong> TxzulebebSi<br />
dafiqsirebuli samusiko informacia <strong>qarTuli</strong> mravalxmianobis<br />
TavisTavadobisa da xnovanebis iseTi rangis werilobiTi dokumentia,<br />
romlis winaSec uZluri xdeba nebismieri braldeba.<br />
<strong>petriwis</strong> leqsikaSi dafiqsirda metad Rirebuli masala misi epoqis<br />
Sesabamisi erovnuli musikaluri terminologiidan, romelic ukavSirdeba<br />
mravalxmianobas.<br />
2) gakeTda ganacxadi berZnuli harmoniisa da misi Sesabamisi <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
terminis – `morTuleba~ (`narTi~) arsobrivi gansxvavebis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> (iaSvili,<br />
1975: 36; fircxalava, 1994: 86).<br />
3) rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, wmida samebis – mama, Ze, suliwmidis<br />
erTebis arsis gansamartavad moSveliebul iqna uTvalsaCinoesi nimuSi<br />
– samxmianobis faqti erovnuli vokaluri praqtikidan (petriwi, 1937:<br />
220).<br />
filosofosis mier erovnul musikalur xelovnebaSi danaxuli musikaluri<br />
dialeqtikis principi – sami gansxvavebuli xmis (mzaxri, Jiri, bami)<br />
erToblivi JReradobiT miRebuli harmonia (qarTulad `morTuleba~) Sedarda<br />
umniSvnelovanes qristianul dogmas – mama, Ze, suliwmidis erTebas<br />
da gamocxadda mis musikalur analogiad. amgvari SedarebiT filosofosma,<br />
faqtobrivad, daasabuTa wm. samebis dogmisadmi erovnuli samxmiani<br />
galobis Sesabamisoba da, aqedan gamomdinare, misi sruli kanonikuroba.<br />
isini, visac eWvi Seaqvs Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> samxmiani galobis kanonikuroba-<br />
Si, cdiloben gaaufasuron <strong>petriwis</strong> mier dafiqsirebuli, arsebiTi <strong>mniSvnelobis</strong><br />
mqone samusiko informacia. maTi braldeba motivirebulia Semdegi<br />
argumentebiT: 1) uaryofilia <strong>petriwis</strong>euli musikaluri paralelebis<br />
kavSiri xmier musikasTan.<br />
2) neoplatonizmSi mxilebuli qarTveli RvTismetyvelis samusiko<br />
informacia miCneulia aradamajereblad, Sesabamisad, baTilad.<br />
magram faqti faqtad rCeba, <strong>qarTuli</strong> samxmianoba XI saukuneSi werilobiT<br />
dafiqsirebulia. am mxatvruli faqtis mowme petriwia. dRevandel<br />
dogmatikosTa braldebas ar ZaluZs daamciros <strong>petriwis</strong>eul samusiko<br />
argumentTa Rirebuleba. mecnieruli kvlevis SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba<br />
ver mieniWeba imas, Tu ama Tu im problemasTan dakavSirebuli werilobiTi
56<br />
nino fircxalava<br />
informacia vis ekuTvnis – orTodoqs RvTismetyvelsa Tu neoplatonizmSi<br />
braldebul filosofoss. miT umetes, rom <strong>petriwis</strong> filosofiis mizandasaxuleba<br />
sruliadac ar iTvaliswinebs samusiko problemebis ganxilvas.<br />
Teologiur-filosofiuri problemebis ganxilvisas musikaluri `xedva~<br />
avtoris SemoqmedebiTi meTodi, mxatvruli xerxia.<br />
<strong>ioane</strong> <strong>petriwis</strong> braleulobis garkveva qristianuli sarwmunoebis wina-<br />
Se scildeba Cvens kompetencias, magram radganac <strong>qarTuli</strong> samxmiani galobis<br />
kanonikurobaSi daeWvebuli oponentebis mTavari argumenti <strong>petriwis</strong><br />
sawinaaRmdegod neoplatonizmia, amitom, Cven qarTveli moazrovnis swored<br />
am braleulobis gaTvaliswinebiT SevecdebiT davasabuToT mis filosofiaSi<br />
dafiqsirebuli samusiko informaciis WeSmariti Rirebuleba.<br />
mecnierTa Tvalsazrisi <strong>petriwis</strong> azrovnebiTi principebis, misi msoflmxedvelobis<br />
<strong>Sesaxeb</strong> gansxvavebulia da ase gamoiyureba: 1) orTodoqsi-<br />
RvTismetyveli (k. kekeliZe; m. gogiberiZe); 2) aRmosavluri renesansis sa-<br />
TaveebTan mdgomi neoplatonikosi (S. nucubiZe; a. losevi); 3) <strong>ioane</strong> <strong>petriwis</strong><br />
filosofia itevs zemoT dasaxelebul orive Tvalsazriss (r. siraZe).<br />
raSi edebodaT brali neoplatonikosebs? – neoplatonizmma, rogorc<br />
filosofiurma mimdinareobam aRiara `orgvari sibrZne~. man RvTismetyvelebis<br />
da filosofiis morigeba scada. <strong>petriwis</strong> braleuloba ima-<br />
Sia, rom igi qristianuli dogmis dasabuTebiT axsnas Seecada.<br />
Tu gadavxedavT qristianobis istoriis saerTo suraTs, davinaxavT<br />
rom swored bizantiuri <strong>himnografiis</strong> didi reformatori - <strong>ioane</strong> damaskeli<br />
(VIII saukune) iyo erT-erTi pirvelTagani, romelmac Seicvala dogmatikuri<br />
pozicia filosofiis mimarT da Seecada masSi raime gamosadegis<br />
(`sulis margebelis~) povnas. am ganwyobilebiT man daamuSava aristoteles<br />
dialeqtika da kavSiri aRadgina Teologiasa da filosofias Soris.<br />
<strong>ioane</strong> damaskelis ganwyobilebis kvaldakval Rvawlmosili qarTveli<br />
eqvTime iverieli da efrem mcire `gareSeTa sibrZnis~ anu filosofiis<br />
aRiarebamde midian, rasac Semdegnairad amarTleben: `arc eseni sul arian<br />
umaTod, arca igini uamaTodo~ (gorgaZe, 1926:184).<br />
maTTvis misaReb filosofiur naSromebze dayrdnobiT isini qmnian<br />
sagangebo damxmare saxelmZRvaneloebs saeklesio krebebsa Tu diskusiebSi<br />
monawile TeologebisaTvis.<br />
<strong>ioane</strong> damaskeli filosofiaSi `raime gamosadegs, sulis sargebels~<br />
eZebs. efrem mciris interesi filosofiisadmi ganmartebulia mis cnobil<br />
gamonaTqvamSi: `amaT mier winaaRudgebian Svilni eklesiisani gareSeTa maT<br />
filosofosTa da maTive isriTa ganhguremden maT, rameTu T nier amaT<br />
sity Tasa sxuebr SeuZlebel ars sity sgeba winaaRmdgomTa~, anu filosofiis<br />
codna aucilebelia RvTismetyvelisaTvis, raTa filosofiisave<br />
isriT gangmiros masTan mokamaTe filosofosi (gorgaZe, 1926:184).<br />
rogor azrovnebs petriwi? igi qeds ixris rogorc WeSmariti rwmenis,<br />
ise azrovnebis (filosofiis) winaSe da mxolod maT Tanabar urTierTkav-<br />
SirSi warmoudgenia `WeSmariti xedvis~ SesaZlebloba. CvenTvis saintereso<br />
musikaluri paralelebis SemTxvevaSi, petriwi musikalur xelovnebas<br />
iyenebs saazrovno asparezad Teologiuri saidumlos TvalsaCinoebisTvis;<br />
erovnuli musikaluri xelovnebis principebSi poulobs `sulis
<strong>ioane</strong> <strong>petriwis</strong> <strong>mniSvnelobis</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong><br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>himnografiis</strong> <strong>istoriaSi</strong><br />
margebels~ da wm. samebis dogmis saidumlos anareklze miuTiTebs mokvdavT<br />
maTTvis Cveul yofiT musikalur-esTetikur garemoSi.<br />
<strong>petriwis</strong> samusiko argumentebi TeologiisTvis Seiqmna, Teologias<br />
emsaxura, iseve rogorc es moxda efrem mciris, eqvTime iverielis, sxva<br />
qarTveli sulieri mamebisa da rac gansakuTrebiT niSandoblivia, bizantiuri<br />
liturgikis udidesi reformatoris – <strong>ioane</strong> damaskelis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
maSin yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT vsvamT kiTxvas: ra motiviT<br />
unda CamoerTvas <strong>petriwis</strong>eul samusiko informacias <strong>qarTuli</strong> mravalxmianobis<br />
xnovanebisa Tu qarTul sagalobelSi samxmianobis kanonikurobis<br />
damadasturebeli argumentis Rirebuleba?<br />
naTeli rom movfinoT dRevandel problemas, braldebas <strong>qarTuli</strong> kanonikuri<br />
galobis misamarTiT, Tavs uflebas mivcemT da mkiTxvelis samsjavroze<br />
ukomentarod gamovitanT mxolod ramdenime faqts ucxoeTis<br />
qarTul sasuliero kerebSi mimdinare qarTul-berZnuli urTierTobebis<br />
istoriidan.<br />
jvris monasteri, ierusalimi (XI saukune, aRmSenebeli<br />
giorgi-proxore).<br />
m. brose, r. Janeni da kidev araerTi sarwmuno wyaro iuwyeba, rom `Zvelad<br />
im xalxTa Soris, romelsac gansakuTrebuli upiratesoba hqondaT<br />
wminda qalaqSi, qarTvelebs udavod erTi upirvelesi adgili eWiraT~...<br />
maT ufleba eZleodaT baJis gadauxdelad cxenze amxedrebulT erovnuli<br />
droSebiT evloT ierusalimis quCebSi (Brosset, 1841:174; Jeanen, 1913:<br />
10). qristianuli saqarTvelos avtoritetis damadasturebelia is faqti,<br />
rom jvarosnuli omebis dros (XII saukune) Zveli mesakuTreebis gamgeblobaSi<br />
darCenili sami monastridan erT-erTi <strong>qarTuli</strong> iyo. rusuli wyaroebis<br />
mixedviT `ierusalimSi jvarosnebis mier warmoebuli dapyrobiTi<br />
brZolebidan moyolebuli, mxolod sami monasteri SeunarCundaT marTlmadideblebs:<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> jvris monasteri, berZnuli `didi panagia~ da `wm.<br />
sabas~ samonastro eklesia~ (Ïîïîâ, 1903:223).<br />
politikur-ekonomikurad dasustebuli saqarTvelo me-17 saukunemde<br />
didi gaWirvebiT mopovebuli SemowirulobebiT inarCunebda jvris<br />
monasters, magram me-17 saukuneSi ierusalimis patriarqma dosiTeosma<br />
berZnebs gadasca monasteri, qarTveli berebi gadaiyvana sxva taZrebSi,<br />
jvarSi moRvawe qarTvelebs aekrZalaT maRali regaliebis dakaveba. me-19<br />
saukunis miwuruls savanis mnaxveli qarTveli mogzaurebi Sewuxebuli<br />
ityobinebian, rom jvris monastris <strong>qarTuli</strong> freskebi TeTri saRebavi-<br />
Taa dafaruli. jvarze qarTvelTa moRvaweobis kvali waSlilia (menabde,<br />
1980:127,129,132).<br />
aTonis iverTa monasteri, saberZneTi (X saukune, aRmSeneblebi –<br />
<strong>ioane</strong> da Tornike aTonelebi).<br />
arc erT samonastro kompleqss iseTi mniSvneloba ar hqonia <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
kulturis <strong>istoriaSi</strong>, rogorc aTonis iverTa monasters. Tavisi maRali<br />
SemoqmedebiTi miRwevebiT aTonis saliteraturo skolas erT-erTi sapatio<br />
adgili uWiravs mTels saqristiano samyaroSi. me-11 saukunidan ukve<br />
57
58<br />
nino fircxalava<br />
berZnebsa da qarTvelebs Soris iwyeba qristianobisaTvis sruliad Seuferebeli<br />
dava da dapirispireba, rac gamowveulia berZenTa mxridan <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
monastris miTvisebis surviliT. saqarTvelos saxelmwifos politikur-ekonomiur<br />
dasustebasTan erTad es brZola mwvavdeba da mTavrdeba<br />
berZnebis gamarjvebiT. aTonuri xelnawerTa arqivi am usiamovno istoriis<br />
damadasturebelia. aToneli qarTvelebi ityobinebian: `berZenni viTarca<br />
cecxlni aRegznnes Cven zeda da sruliad aRmofxvrai Cveni eneba da<br />
dapyrobai samkvidrebelisa Cvenisa~ (Zeglebi II, 1967:93).<br />
me-14 saukuneSi konstantinopolis patriarqis kaliste I -is (1350-1360)<br />
nebiT berZnebs gadaeca monastris mTavari sakrebulo `RvTismSoblis<br />
miZinebis taZari~. qarTvelebs aekrZalaT monasterSi sapasuxismgeblo Tanamdebobebis<br />
dakaveba, samoRvaweod maT patara eklesia miuCines (Óñïåíñêèé,<br />
1877:170).<br />
1882 wels qarTveli istorikosi da mogzauri g. nadareiSvili monastris<br />
aRwerisas afiqsirebs `ivironis damaarsebel qarTvel sasuliero<br />
pirTa da mecenat mefeTa amsaxvel istoriul suraTebs da SemorCenil<br />
warwerebs. ramdenime wlis Semdeg igi iuwyeba, rom `mxatvroba warxocilia~,<br />
xolo winandeli warwerebi Secvlilia. mefenni saqarTveloisani~-s nacvlad<br />
weria `bizantieli mefeni da aRmSenebelni~; `dedofali nestan-darejani~-s<br />
nacvlad – `irine dedofali~ (nadareiSvili, 1900).<br />
petriwonis monasteri, bulgareTi (XI saukune).<br />
aTonis iverTa monasterTan erTad petriwonis monasteri erTi im savaneTagania,<br />
romelmac dagvitova gansakuTrebuli Rirebulebis originaluri<br />
literaturuli memkvidreoba. oci wlis ganmavlobaSi swored aq<br />
moRvaweobda <strong>ioane</strong> petriwi. igi daaarses imperator aleqsi komnenosis<br />
daaxloebulma pirebma qarTvelma didebulebma grigol da abaz bakurianisZeebma.<br />
aSenebisTanave monastrisaTvis SeudgeniaT tipikoni – erTi <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
da ori berZnuli piri. amaTgan iuridiuli Zalis mqone erTi berZnuli piri<br />
inaxeboda konstantinopolSi. es ukanaskneli, grigol bakurianisZis gardacvalebisTanave<br />
– 1086 wels daikarga; darCenili pirebis mixedviT ki<br />
Zmebi bakurianisZeebi gamocxaddnen <strong>qarTuli</strong> aRmsareblobis mqone somex<br />
qalkedonistebad. da es maSin, rodesac Tavad grigol bakurianisZe sruliad<br />
garkveviT iuwyeba, rom igi aris `Svili netari bakurianisa~, warmoSobiT<br />
`erisTav iberTa brwyinvale gvaridan~ erovnebiT qarTveli. aRniSnuli<br />
gaugebroba grZeldeboda manam, vidre qarTvelma mecnierebma bulgareli<br />
mecnierebis daxmarebiT saberZneTis kunZul xiosze ar miagnes me-13<br />
saukuniT daTariRebul tipikonis berZnul pirs, romelic originalis<br />
asls warmoadgens. am faqtma saboloo wertili dausva gauTavebel davas<br />
petriwonis aRmSenebelTa erovnuli warmomavlobis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> (menabde, 1980).<br />
metad niSandoblivia, rom bakurianisZeebma petriwoni dauqvemdebares<br />
ara konstantinopolis, aramed ierusalimis patriarqs, rac dasturdeba<br />
tipikonze xelmoweriT. gakvirvebas iwvevs tipikonis Sinaarsi, romelic<br />
mkacrad gansazRvravs moweseTa erovnul Semadgenlobas. igi krZalavs<br />
berZen moweseTa msaxurebas monasterSi. rogorc Cans, sxva qarTul sav
<strong>ioane</strong> <strong>petriwis</strong> <strong>mniSvnelobis</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong><br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>himnografiis</strong> <strong>istoriaSi</strong><br />
aneebSi miRebulma mware gamocdilebam ganapiroba tipikonis Semdgenel-<br />
Ta amgvari ganwyobileba.<br />
da bolos, mkiTxvelis sakomentarod mogvindvia g. nadareiSvilis<br />
gulistkiviliT aRsavse Semdegi cnoba: `aTonis mTaze daculi yoveli<br />
erovnebis monasters aqvs arsebobis, swavlis da saRmrTo qmedebis neba,<br />
garda <strong>qarTuli</strong>sa. garda <strong>qarTuli</strong>sa, TavianTi monastris ufleba ara ers<br />
ar daukargavs~ – ityobineba igi (nadareiSvili, 1900). sainteresoa, ratom?<br />
– `axali WeSmariti~ <strong>qarTuli</strong> galobis Zieba berZnuli samgaloblo tradiciebis<br />
wiaRSi xom ar aris gagrZeleba zemoT moTxrobili usiamovno istoriebisa?<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> samxmiani sasuliero musika, saqarTveloSi Tu mis gareT arsebul<br />
savaneebSi moRvawe qristianuli kanonikis ubadlod mcodne, profesional<br />
qarTvel himnografTa Semoqmedebis nayofia. <strong>ioane</strong> <strong>petriwis</strong><br />
Txzulebebi am faqtis werilobiTi dasturia.<br />
ama wlis gazafxulze qarTulma kulturam ganicada mniSvnelovani<br />
danakargi. ierusalimis qarTul jvris monasterSi xelyofil iqna sayovelTaod<br />
cnobili XII saukunis <strong>qarTuli</strong> poemis `vefxistyaosnis~ avtoris<br />
SoTa rusTavelis freska – kerZod, warxocil iqna misi saxe. ierusalimis<br />
jvris monasteri dResac berZeni berebis gamgeblobaSia. dazianebuli freskis<br />
sanaxavad Casul qarTul delegacias monasterSi uari eTqva miRebaze.<br />
ramdenime kviris Semdeg kvlav gameorda <strong>qarTuli</strong> freskis mimarT vandaluri<br />
qmedeba. saqarTvelos prezidentis ierusalimSi stumrobis faqt-<br />
Tan dakavSirebiT berZnebma gamoiCines viTomda `keTili neba~ da kvlav<br />
xelhyves freska: qarTul mxaresTan SeuTanxmeblad, sarestavracio normebis<br />
dacvis gareSe moxates rusTavelis saxe da yovelive es xdeba dRes,<br />
XXI saukuneSi.<br />
saerTaSoriso simpoziumze warmodgenili moxsenebis mizani sruliad<br />
konkretulia da mdgomareobs SemdegSi:<br />
1) gvsurda musikaluri mravalxmianobis problemebisadmi miZRvnil<br />
saerTaSoriso simpoziumze mowveuli mecnierebisaTvis gangvemarta mravalxmiani<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> sasuliero musikis mimarT wayenebuli braldebis Sinaarsi,<br />
mizezi da warmomavloba. TiToeuli <strong>qarTuli</strong> sagalobeli qarTveli xalxis<br />
mier aRiqmeba, rogorc Zveli musikaluri freska; dauSvebelia mas ewvios<br />
rusTavelis freskis bedi. gvjera, rom msoflio musikaluri sazogadoeba<br />
amaSi dagvexmareba.<br />
2) am naSromiT Cven aseve gvsurs kidev erTxel SevaxsenoT Zveli qar-<br />
Tuli galobis oponentebs, rom Tanamedrove <strong>qarTuli</strong> musikis mecnierebas<br />
<strong>ioane</strong> <strong>petriwis</strong> Txzulebis saxiT gaaCnia umtkicesi sabuTi mravalxmiani<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> sasuliero musikis xnovanebisa da kanonikurobis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>.<br />
<strong>ioane</strong> <strong>petriwis</strong> musikaluri esTetika, misi Txzulebis mniSvneloba <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
musikis istoriisaTvis am TvalsazrisiT ganuzomelia.<br />
59
60<br />
nino fircxalava<br />
damowmebuli literatura<br />
gabisonia, Tamaz. (2002). `ase galobdnen Zvelad saqarTveloSi~-s <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>. krebulSi:<br />
andriaZe, manana (red.), <strong>qarTuli</strong> saeklesio galobis Tanamedrove problemebi.<br />
gv. 7-32. Tbilisi: saeklesio galobis centri.<br />
gogiberiZe, mose. (1961). rusTaveli, petriwi, preludiebi. Tbilisi: sabWoTa mwerali.<br />
gorgaZe, sergo. (1926). <strong>ioane</strong> damaskeli qarTul mecnierebaSi. Tbilisi: mimomxilveli.<br />
iaSvili, mzia. (1975). <strong>qarTuli</strong> mravalxmianobis sakiTxisaTvis. Tbilisi: ganaTleba.<br />
kekeliZe, korneli. (1960). Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> literaturis istoria. tomi I. Tbilisi:<br />
mecniereba.<br />
menabde, levan. (1980). Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> kerebi. Tbilisi: Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis gamomcemloba.<br />
nadareiSvili, giorgi. (1900). aTonis iveriis monastris <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>, iveria, 4, II, 26.<br />
petriwi, <strong>ioane</strong>. (1937). Sromebi. tomi II. gamomcemeli Salva nucubiZe. Tbilisi:<br />
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fircxalava, nino. (2002). mzaxri, Jiri, bamis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> `ganmartebaSi~. krebulSi:<br />
andriaZe, manana (red.), <strong>qarTuli</strong> saeklesio galobis Tanamedrove problemebi.<br />
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fircxalava, nino. (2003). <strong>petriwis</strong> filosofia da <strong>qarTuli</strong> mravalxmianoba. krebulSi:<br />
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Óñïåíñêèé, Ï. (1877). Ïåðâîå ïóòåøåñòâèå â Àôîíñêèå Ìîíàñòûðè. Êèåâ.<br />
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66<br />
nino fircxalava. danarTi<br />
danarTi<br />
danarTi<br />
danarTi<br />
danarTi<br />
Nino Pirtskhalava. APPENDIX<br />
suraTi 1. jvris monasteri, ierusalimi (XI saukune)<br />
FIGURE 1. The Holy Cross Monastery, Jerusalem (11 th century)<br />
suraTi 2. rusTavelis freska, jvris monasteri, ierusalimi<br />
FIGURE 2. A Fresco of Shota Rustaveli, The Holy Cross Monastery, Jerusalem
nino fircxalava. danarTi<br />
danarTi<br />
danarTi<br />
danarTi<br />
danarTi<br />
Nino Pirtskhalava. APPENDIX<br />
suraTi 3. aTonis iverTa monasteri (X saukune)<br />
FIGURE 3. The Iveron Monastery on Mount Athon (10 th century)<br />
67<br />
suraTi 4. petriwonis<br />
(baCkovo) monasteri (XI<br />
saukune)<br />
FIGURE 4. The Petridsoni<br />
Monastery – Bachkovo (11 th<br />
century)
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