Hewrazibun Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä Solidarity solidaroba }'vh'mksr ...
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Hewrazibun Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä Solidarity solidaroba }'vh'mksr ...

Hewrazibun Fluskfhf Àìãàðäçèíàä Solidarity solidaroba }'vh'mksr ...

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`<strong>solidaroba</strong>~ No6'06<br />

No6'06<br />

saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis<br />

yovelTviuri Jurnali<br />

redaqtori: nino cincaZe<br />

stilis<br />

redaqtori: levan bregaZe<br />

dizaini: besik danelia<br />

foto: levan xerxeuliZe<br />

daviT xuciSvili<br />

redkolegia: sozar subari<br />

beqa mindiaSvili<br />

Tamar Samili<br />

sergo ratiani<br />

Jurnali momzadebulia<br />

saxalxo damcvelTan arsebuli<br />

tolerantobis centris mier<br />

ibeWdeba gaeros ganviTarebis<br />

programis da norvegiis mTavrobis<br />

finansuri mxardaWeriT<br />

misamarTi:<br />

Tbilisi, maCablis 11,<br />

11,<br />

tel.: 96 96 63 63 27, 27, 92 92 24 24 77<br />

77<br />

www.ombudsman.ge<br />

www.ombudsman.ge<br />

saqarTvelos<br />

saxalxo damcveli<br />

gaeros<br />

ganviTarebis programa<br />

norvegiis mTavroba<br />

2<br />

4<br />

12<br />

19<br />

25<br />

31<br />

37<br />

45<br />

redaqtorisgan<br />

Cveni wre<br />

mefe xeibari da xeibari<br />

nana niJaraZe<br />

dialogi<br />

fundamentalizmis barieri<br />

KING<br />

religiebi saqarTveloSi<br />

martin luTeri da reformacia<br />

luka naxucriSvili<br />

48 Summary<br />

giyvardeT Tqveni mtrebi<br />

martin luTer kingi, Targmna daviT gegeSiZem<br />

eTnosebi saqarTveloSi<br />

Àññèðèéöû Ãðóçèè<br />

ÌÀÌÓÊÀ ÊÎÌÀÕÈß<br />

Ïîñëåäíèé Êîëõîç<br />

ÎËÅÑß ÂÀÐÒÀÍßÍ<br />

integracia<br />

41 2006 wlis municipaluri arCevnebi<br />

da eTnikuri umciresobebi<br />

daviT losaberiZe<br />

samarTali<br />

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli<br />

sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba<br />

masala moamzada nona kalandaZem<br />

1<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

redaqtorisgan<br />

Cveni qalaqi nel-nela gamodis wina<br />

saukunis Sua wlebSi Seqmnili im tolerantuli<br />

miTidan, romlis garegnul,<br />

vTqvaT, PR mxaresac safosto baraTebi<br />

warmoadgenda Tbilisis xedebiT. am<br />

baraTebze sami sxvadasxva religiis<br />

taZari erTmaneTis gverdiT iyo gamosaxuli.<br />

dRes Tbilisis samarko niSani ufro im<br />

tipis sagazeTo gancxadebaa, romlis<br />

teqstsac sityvasityviT SemogTavazebT:<br />

`109 kvm. binis TeTri karkasi, mSenebare<br />

9 sarTulian kompleqsSi, jiqias quCaze,<br />

saburTaloze, sabavSvo baRiT da<br />

dawyebiTi skoliT, dacviT, kabeluri<br />

televiziiT, marTlmadidebluri<br />

eklesiiT, mTavrdeba 2007 wlis<br />

noemberSi, SesaZlebelia ganvadeba<br />

winaswar 30%-is gadaxdiT. fasi erTiani<br />

gadaxdiT 470 dol, ganvadebiT 520 dol~<br />

(gazeTi `sityva da saqme~,<br />

20-21 seqtemberi, 2006 weli, gv. 43)<br />

me Tu mkiTxavT, eklesiis dagiravebas<br />

(xaSmis ambavs SegaxsenebT) isev jobia igi<br />

amgvarad CarTo sareklamo industriaSi.<br />

aSkaraa, rom saqarTvelo nel-nela iZens<br />

liberaluri qveynis niSnebs, sadac<br />

yvelafris Tqma `mosula~, sadac arsebobis<br />

ufleba fundamentalistebsac iseTi-<br />

2<br />

ve aqvT, rogoric liberalebs. oRond eg<br />

aris, rom jer kidev axalgazrda demokratiis<br />

mxareSi liberalur-fundamentalisturi<br />

bataliebi xandaxan am ukanasknelis<br />

sasargeblod mTavdeba xolme.<br />

Tumca, bolo movlenebs Tu gavixsenebT,<br />

arc mTlad asea saqme:<br />

den braunis gaxmaurebuli romanidan<br />

daviwyoT. `daviT aRmaSeneblis marTlmadidebeli<br />

mrevlis kavSiris~ permanentuli<br />

saprotesto aqciis miuxedavad, kino<br />

`rusTavelis~ darbazi gadaWedili iyo<br />

`da vinCis kodis~ naxvis msurvelebiT.<br />

seansebis Sewyveta arc kinos administracias<br />

mosvlia TavSi azrad da arc qalaqis<br />

mesveurebs an sasamarTlos moundomebia<br />

amgvari miTiTebis gacema. (Tumca am<br />

ukanasknelT saamiso samarTlebrivi baza,<br />

survilis SemTxvevaSic ki, ar eqnebodaT).<br />

ver getyviT, am filmis gamo atexili<br />

aJiotaJis brali iyo Tu ara, magram<br />

faqtia, rom CvenTan samSvidobo turneTi<br />

Camosul munis mimdevrebs saRamos<br />

Casatareblad darbazi arc erTma kinom<br />

da Teatrma ar dauTmo. am SemTxvevaSi,<br />

albaT, kinosa da Teatrebis administraciebSi<br />

fundamentalisturi aqciebis<br />

sindromisadmi SiSma imZlavra. ucnobia,<br />

Tbilisisgan siSoris gamo moxda Tu<br />

raime sxva mizeziT, magram faqtia, rom

samegrelo-zemo svaneTis gamgebelma,<br />

zaza goroziam foTis sakaTedro taZris<br />

sarestavracio fuli arafriT ar Cauricxa<br />

pirad angariSze foTis mTavarepiskopos<br />

grigol berbiWaSvils. am SemTxvevaSi<br />

Suasaukuneobriv moTxovnaze, aSkarad,<br />

demokratiuli saxelmwifos wesrigma<br />

imarjva. dRes ki ukve axali ambebis erTerTi<br />

`Top-Tema~ saburTaloze mSenebare<br />

asirielebis centria, romlis aSenebasac<br />

isev gulmodgined ewinaaRmdegeba `daviT<br />

aRmaSeneblis saxelobis marTlmadidebel<br />

morwmuneTa kavSiri~. Tumca amjerad Tavi<br />

verc sapatriarqom Seikava da mSeneblobis<br />

winaaRmdeg manac gaavrcela gancxadeba.<br />

cxadia, sanam mSeneblobas realurad<br />

araferi daemuqreba da igi ar gaCerdeba,<br />

sakuTari azris gamoTqmis, gancxadebebis<br />

keTebisa da saprotesto aqciebis mowyobis<br />

ufleba yvelas aqvs. demokratiis<br />

xibli swored es aris. Tu mSenebloba ar<br />

SeCerdeba, bolodroindeli liberalurfundamentalisturi<br />

bataliebis angariSi<br />

3:1 iqneba, Tu mSenebloba raime mizeziT<br />

Sewyda, maSin _ 2:2. magram, liberalizmis<br />

saboloo damarcxeba, albaT, arc es<br />

iqneba. angariSis gamosworebis Sansi<br />

axalgazrda demokratias kidev miecema,<br />

oRond mxolod erT SemTxvevaSi _ Tu<br />

romelime seriozuli socialuri kvleva<br />

ityvis, rom im axalgazrdaTa ricxvi,<br />

3<br />

romlebic ase weren, mcirea: (fragmentebi<br />

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelmwifo universitetis<br />

filosofiis mimarTulebis pirveli<br />

kursis studentTa kolokviumidan):<br />

`me piradad qarTvelisaTvis samSoblos<br />

winaSe Cadenil udides codvad mimaCnia<br />

dRevandeli zogadsakacobrio principebisa<br />

da mentalitetis qarTul cnobierebaSi<br />

Semotanis mcdelobac ki~ (daviT<br />

kapanaZe); `yvelaze did danaSaulad me<br />

samSoblos winaSe Cadenili codva<br />

mimaCnia. aseTi adamiani Casaqolia. is<br />

sicocxlis Rirsi ar aris~ (viqtoria<br />

daviTaSvili); `rwmenis Ralati samSoblos<br />

Ralatia. qarTvelebi, rodesac<br />

isini sarwmunoebas iviwyebdnen da amiT<br />

erovnulobasac kargavdnen, abo Tbilelma<br />

ixsna codvebisagan~ (ana loria);<br />

`qali wmindaa da spetaki Tavisi bunebiT,<br />

is xom dedaa _ da amitom masze saubrisas<br />

sifrTxilea saWiro, qalma dagvRupa<br />

da manve gviSva macxovari... kacobriobis<br />

codvebisagan gansawmendad...~ (daviT<br />

kapanaZe). gadmobeWdilia: Jurnalidan `dro<br />

mSvidobisa~ (12.2006.ICCN)<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

Cveni wre<br />

mefe xeibari<br />

da xeibari<br />

nana niJaraZe<br />

`me den keplingeri mqvia, xeibari var~, _ ase iwyeba<br />

ara erTi konkursis laureati filmi `mefe xeibari~.<br />

kamera denis mas Semdeg dahyveba, rac 12-is<br />

gaxda. cerebraluri dambliT daavadebuli niWieri<br />

biWis cxovreba, romelic mamam dabadebisTanave<br />

miatova da romelsac saocrad optimisti, mizanswrafuli<br />

deda zrdis, saintereso namdvilad<br />

gamodga, _ den keplingeri dRes cnobilia Tavisi<br />

mxatvrobiT. misi namuSevrebi niu iorkSi, fil kaindis<br />

galereaSia gamofenili da warmatebiT mxolod<br />

avtoris biografiis gamo ar sargeblobs.<br />

Tumca aqamde grZeli da Zneli gza iyo gasavleli.<br />

gza, romelic denma dedis, megobrebis, maswavleblebis,<br />

leqtorebis _ mTeli amerikis daxmarebiT<br />

gaiara.<br />

`roca vxatav, mesmis saocrad<br />

nazi xma, romelic meubneba<br />

funji ra mimarTulebiT unda<br />

vamoZrao. me vemorCilebi am<br />

xmas. funji Cemi Zalaa~, _ am<br />

sityvebs deni klaviaturaze<br />

krefs. sxeuli cudad emorCileba,<br />

amitom wers da xatavs<br />

specialuri mowyobilobis<br />

saSualebiT. mas Tavze imagrebs,<br />

saWiroebis mixedviT, CxiriT an<br />

funjiT. ase azavebs ferebsac<br />

palitraze _ Tavze mimagrebuli<br />

funjiT. `rTulia, _ ambobs<br />

Tausonis universitetis<br />

leqtori, romelmac denis<br />

funji sakuTar Tavze `gamoscada~,<br />

_ Cemi sxva studentebic<br />

rom SensaviT bejiTebi iyvnen,<br />

did warmatebas miaRwevdnen~.<br />

roca patara iyo da dedas Tovlian<br />

baRSi saseirnod gahyavda,<br />

4<br />

biWunas, romelsac gundis<br />

gakeTeba ar SeeZlo, eCveneboda,<br />

rom Tavad iyo fifqi... mere<br />

`super-etli~ miutanes, gadamrTvelebiTa<br />

da siCqareebiT.<br />

denic maqsimaluri siCqariT<br />

miqroda. erTxel Citsac gaekida.<br />

`mivepare da gavirinde...~<br />

_ wers... gulaxdilad mogviTxrobs<br />

sakuTar cxovrebaze:<br />

siZneleebze, romlebic<br />

Cveulebriv skolaSi swavlis<br />

dawyebisas Sexvda; maswavleblis<br />

TanaSemweze, romelic<br />

gverdiT edga da ucnob garemosTan<br />

SeguebaSi exmareboda;<br />

megobrebad qceul amxanagebze;<br />

naxatebis pirvel personalur<br />

gamofenaze; im dReze, roca<br />

gadawyvita damoukidebelad<br />

ecxovra da oTaxi iqirava;<br />

universitetze, romlis dasruleba,<br />

mantiasa da qudSi gamow-

yobils, universitetis scenaze<br />

sxva kursdamTavrebulebTan<br />

erTad sazeimod miuloces;<br />

dedaze, romelic im dResac<br />

mxarSi edga, rogorc yovelTvis;<br />

loraze, romelic uyvars<br />

da icis, erTad ver iqnebian...<br />

den keplingeri erT-erTia im<br />

650 milion adamians Soris, romelTac<br />

msoflio statistikaSi<br />

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis<br />

mqoneTa grafa uWiravT. Zalian<br />

bevri Tanagrafelisgan gansxvavebiT<br />

man sakuTari SesaZleblobebis<br />

realizeba moaxerxa. awyobili<br />

sazogadoebrivi sistemis<br />

pirobebSi amis miRweva ukve<br />

Sens nebisyofasa da survilzea<br />

damokidebuli. roca sistema<br />

asawyobia, Znelia yvelas daanaxo,<br />

rom `xeibris sxeulSi<br />

gonieri adamianis sulia gamomwyvdeuli~<br />

(den keplingeri)...<br />

jaba<br />

jaba<br />

jaba tatiSvili erT-erTia im<br />

236280 adamians Soris, romlebic<br />

saqarTveloSi I, I I da I I I jgufis<br />

invalidobis pensias iReben.<br />

specialistebi, rogorc<br />

samTavrobo, ise arasamTavrobo<br />

struqturebidan, amboben, rom<br />

es ar aris zusti ricxvi, radgan<br />

bevrs ar surs am kategoriis<br />

pensionerTa rigebSi Cadgoma.<br />

mizezi oria: erTni miiCneven,<br />

rom ar Rirs specialuri<br />

eqspertizebis gavla, Tanxebisa<br />

da energiis xarjva imisTvis,<br />

rom socialuri (moxucebulobis)<br />

pensia invalidobis pensiiT<br />

Caanacvlo; meoreni cdiloben<br />

saerTod ar gaerion SezRuduli<br />

SesaZleblobebis mqoneTa<br />

rigebSi _ rcxveniaT imis aRiareba,<br />

rom sxvebs _ yvelas, danarCenebs<br />

_ ar hgvanan. aseT gadawyvetilebas,<br />

sakuTari Svilebis<br />

nacvlad Tavdapirvelad<br />

mSoblebi iReben. ase iqceva<br />

saxli cixed, ojaxis wevrebi ki<br />

_ mecixovneebad. cxovreba ki<br />

amasobaSi sadRac, gverdiT Caivlis.<br />

jabas saxli cixed ar qceula.<br />

mSoblebi mas Tavidanve damoukideblobas<br />

aCvevdnen, _<br />

uSvebdnen quCaSi, ar uSlidnen<br />

TanatolebTan urTierTobas.<br />

jaba 25 wlisaa, zustad imdenis,<br />

ramdenisac den kiplingeri<br />

iyo, roca mis Sesaxeb filmis<br />

gadaReba dasrulda. masac,<br />

deniviT, cerebraluri dambla<br />

aqvs, naTeli goneba da survilebi,<br />

oRond _ gansxvavebuli.<br />

`invalidi bavSvi ar unda<br />

Caiketos saxlSi, _ ambobs igi,<br />

_ arasrulfasovnebis kompleqsi<br />

ar unda hqondes arc<br />

bavSvs, arc mSobels. me xSirad<br />

gavdiodi gareT, irgvliv<br />

myavda bevri adamiani, Cemze<br />

ufrosebi, maTma mosmenam,<br />

maTTan erTad manqaniT siarulma<br />

gamiviTara tvini. mSobelma<br />

Tu is ifiqra, sircxvilia,<br />

bavSvis gareT gayvana,<br />

5<br />

mainc araferi gamovao, dam-<br />

Tavrebulia _ ver gadalaxavs<br />

im mniSvnelovan moments da<br />

sul Caiketeba saxlSi. iseTi<br />

pirobebi unda arsebobdes,<br />

rom invalidi gareT uproblemod<br />

gavides, rom qveyanam<br />

dainaxos _ Cven varT.<br />

aq jer iseTi sistemaa, invalidi<br />

Zalian Caketilia Tavis<br />

saxlSi, Tavis TavSi. ucxoeT-<br />

Si yvelgan waxval da wamoxval.<br />

aq... magaliTad, myavs<br />

motoriani etli. aqedan did<br />

diRomSi mainc ver waval _<br />

akumulatori ar meyofa. ucxoeTSi<br />

iseTi sistemaa, nebismier<br />

adgilas moaxerxeb datenas.<br />

gzebic isea mowyobili,<br />

uproblemod imoZraveb. aq?..<br />

vTqvaT, marto xar da ar ginda<br />

vinme Seawuxo, _ ver moaxerxeb,<br />

mainc da mainc viRacas<br />

unda sTxovo daxmareba.<br />

ase ar SeiZleba. yovel dRe<br />

megobarsac ver sTxov damexmareo,<br />

masac xom Tavisi cxovreba<br />

aqvs...~<br />

*<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

Cveni wre<br />

jabas kargi megobrebi hyavs.<br />

xSirad akiTxaven da gareT<br />

gahyavT. jabas deda, qalbatoni<br />

nana ambobs, rom saburTalos<br />

am ubnisTvis, sadac, rogorc<br />

aRmoCnda, ramdenime invalidi<br />

cxovrobs, es gamonaklisia, _<br />

`ZiriTadad, saxlSi hyavT<br />

bavSvebi gamoketili, rac<br />

Zalian cudia. jaba iseTi<br />

diagnoziT daibada, eqimebma<br />

masze uaris Tqmac ki gvirCies,<br />

magram ar davnebebulvarT.<br />

motoruli problemebis<br />

garda gonebrivi CamorCenac<br />

gvqonda. bevri dro da procedura<br />

dagvWirda, rom migveRwia<br />

im mdgomareobisTvis,<br />

romelic dRes gvaqvs. Cemi<br />

meuRle cocxali iyo da xangrZlivad<br />

mivdiodiT samkurnalod<br />

moskovSi, evpatoriaSi,<br />

gurjaanSi talaxebiT vmkurnalobdiT.<br />

bolos viyaviT<br />

vilniusSi. 1993 wels, roca<br />

Cemi meuRle gardaicvala,<br />

yvelaferi es dasrulda. Cven<br />

aranairi saSualeba aRar<br />

gvqonda, rom gvemkurnala...<br />

jaba Tavis Tavs TviTon uvlis<br />

_ TviTon Wams, TviTon icvams,<br />

ixdis, oRond Rilebis Sekvra<br />

uWirs. mTeli es wlebi vcdilobdiT,<br />

bevri migveca misTvis.<br />

6 wlis iyo, Wadraki rom vaswavleT,<br />

swavlac Tavis droze<br />

daiwyo, 61-e saSualodan modiodnen<br />

pedagogebi, me-7 klasSi<br />

iyo, `parizis RvTismSoblis<br />

taZari~ rusulad rom waikiTxa.<br />

saerTod, rusuli ufro<br />

exerxeba. icis kompiuteri,<br />

inglisuri, Zalian bevr rame-<br />

Si erkveva kargad _ sportSi,<br />

musikaSi. siamovnebiT eswreba<br />

yvela sportul RonisZiebas,<br />

axla, magaliTad, fexburTzec<br />

iyo wasuli. mokled, bevri<br />

SeuZlia, magram...~<br />

magram am SesaZleblobebs jaba<br />

ver iyenebs. SeuZlia kompiuter-<br />

Tan muSaoba, magram kompiuteri<br />

ara aqvs; uyvars Teatri,<br />

magram iq sul ramdenjermea<br />

namyofi _ mis patara ojaxs<br />

imdeni Semosavali ara aqvs,<br />

rom taqsis daqiraveba survilisamebr<br />

SeZlos. qalbaton<br />

nanas SvilisTvis masaJebis<br />

gakeTebac ver mouxerxebia.<br />

`cerebraluri dambla iseTi<br />

daavadebaa, rom sul mkurnaloba<br />

unda, sul masaJebi, Tu<br />

es cikli wydeba, regresi<br />

iwyeba, _gviyveba qalbatoni<br />

nana, _ 1998-1999 wlebSi di-<br />

RomSi specialur varjiSebs<br />

utarebdnen organizmis dasaWimad,<br />

axla esec aRaraa.<br />

ratomRac 18 wlis zemoT invalidebisTvis<br />

SeRavaTebi ar<br />

aris _ arc sagzuri, arc samedicino<br />

manipulaciebi, TiTqos<br />

18 wlis zemoT aRaraviTari<br />

samedicino da socialuri<br />

problema aRar hqondeT.<br />

Cven, raki amaT vuvliT, SegviZlia<br />

ar vimsaxuroT. 2-larian<br />

danamats viRebdiT am<br />

movlisTvis. xom sasaciloa?<br />

sul 38 laria pensia, romelsac<br />

jaba iRebs. rogor unda<br />

vimyofinoT, roca 300 dolari<br />

marto masaJebs sWirdeba? iyo<br />

saubari imaze, rom momvlel-<br />

Ta danamati pensiis raodenobamde<br />

gaezardaT, magram esec<br />

_ 18 wlamde. es didi usamarTlobaa,<br />

radgan yvelaferi Tanxazea<br />

damokidebuli. Tu fuli<br />

ara gaqvs, e.i. bavSvi saxlSi<br />

unda dasva da gyavdes ase. xom<br />

amdeni arasamTavrobo organizaciaa,<br />

magram... eqvsi welia<br />

mas Semdeg, rac meuRle<br />

gardamecvala, da isic ver<br />

momixerxebia, sadme dasasveneblad<br />

gaviyvano jaba. wlevandeli<br />

cxeli zafxulic<br />

TbilisSi gavatareT, arada<br />

amaT yvelas gulis problemac<br />

aqvT, radgan ver moZraoben.<br />

6<br />

iqneb prezidentamde mivides<br />

es ambavi da Segvimsubuqdes<br />

mdgomareoba... adre aq cxovrobdnen,<br />

axlos, prezidenti<br />

da qalbatoni sandra. sandram<br />

orjer etli gamougzavna<br />

jabas, vTxoveT da gamougzavna.<br />

Zalian kargi pirovnebaa,<br />

Zalian miyvars, Zalian vafaseb.<br />

aq, quCis kuTxeSi, invalidi<br />

biWia, bebia-babua zrdida,<br />

axla sul oblad darCa da<br />

Zalian aqcevs yuradRebas.<br />

Cvenc dagvirekes misi arasam-<br />

Tavrobodan, _ SegiZliaT<br />

balneologiurSi abazanebze<br />

ataroT biWio, magram uari<br />

vTqvi, wasvla-wamosvlas taqsi<br />

sWirdeba, amis fuli ki ar<br />

gvaqvs...<br />

me Semaxseneben xolme, rom<br />

myavs ufrosi Svili, romelsac<br />

SeuZlia mogviaros. diax,<br />

myavs 29 wlis vaJi, magram mas<br />

meuRle da ori mcirewlovani<br />

Svili hyavs da Cven rogor<br />

unda mogvxedos, roca ar mu-<br />

Saobs da Tavis ojaxs Zlivs<br />

inaxavs. ar ifiqroT, rom zarmacia.<br />

aqvs profesia, eZebs<br />

samuSaos, magram uSedegod.<br />

ojaxidan erT-erTi mainc rom<br />

daasaqmos saxelmwifom, elementarul<br />

problemebs mainc<br />

movigvarebdiT. profesia mec<br />

maqvs _ filologi var, magram<br />

47 wlis gaxlavarT, am asakisa<br />

ki aRaravis undixar. mainc<br />

vcdilob raRacas, iZulebuli<br />

var samsaxurze vifiqro, Tumca<br />

jabas, faqtobrivad, mTeli<br />

dRis ganmavlobaSi unda yurad-<br />

Rebis miqceva. amas sakuTari<br />

Tavis gamokveba, Cacma, mixedva<br />

mainc SeuZlia, magram<br />

bevrs vicnob, visi Svilic<br />

dauxmareblad verafers<br />

akeTebs. maT ra unda qnan?~<br />

Tumca kiTxva uyvars, jabas didi<br />

xania aRaraferi waukiTxavs, _<br />

mTeli misi fiqrebi imiskenaa

mimarTuli, rogor iSovos<br />

fuli. megobarTan erTad maRaziebis<br />

monobaraTebiT momarageba<br />

daiwyo. uars aravin eubneba,<br />

miTumetes _ ubanSi, magram,<br />

aqedan miRebuli Semosavali<br />

saqmis awyobas ar hyofnis.<br />

qalbatoni nana darwmunebulia,<br />

mcire kreditis aRebis saSualeba<br />

mainc rom hqondes, misi<br />

vaJi aucilebeli samedicino<br />

manipulaciebisTvis saWiro<br />

fulis Sovnas moaxerxebda.<br />

`sazRvargareT amis mogvareba<br />

problema ar iqneboda: iq imxela<br />

kompensacia aqvT invalidebs,<br />

bankebma ician, rom sesxi<br />

daubrundebaT; iq sxvanairadaa<br />

yvelaferi mowyobili...<br />

CvenTan pirveli jgufis invalids<br />

48 lari aqvs da ori<br />

aTasiani sesxi riT unda dafaros?..<br />

me ki fuli mWirdeba,<br />

rom isev fuli gavakeTo. monoebi<br />

naRdi saqmea _ saqoneli<br />

sul saRdeba, ar fuWdeba...<br />

krediti rom mimeRo, Tu ver<br />

avawyobdi saqmes, bolo-bolo,<br />

gaiyideboda, rasac gamovitandi<br />

da davabrunebdi im fuls.<br />

ar aris saSiSi, magram... ufulod<br />

verafers gaakeTeb, fuli<br />

ki ar maqvs... sul amaze vfiqrob~.<br />

Sav-TeTri Sav-TeTri Sav-TeTri suraTi<br />

suraTi<br />

msoflio bankis iniciativiTa<br />

da dafinansebiT saqarTveloSi<br />

invalidTa mdgomareobis oTx-<br />

Tviani Tvisebrivi kvleva<br />

Catarda. am proeqtis ganxorcielebis<br />

ufleba organizacia<br />

PAconsulting-ma moipova. kvleva,<br />

romelic wels, maisSi daiwyo,<br />

misma partniorma organizaciam<br />

_ `sazogadoebrivi politikis<br />

institutma~ Caatara. proeqtis<br />

farglebSi gaimarTa 9 fokusjgufi<br />

da Sedga 43 interviu<br />

invalidebTan, maT momvleleb-<br />

Tan, invalidTa arasamTavrobo<br />

organizaciebisa da saTanado<br />

saxelmwifo struqturebis<br />

TanamSromlebTan. rogorc<br />

institutis Tanadireqtori<br />

nana sumbaZe ambobs, mdgomareoba<br />

SemaZrwunebelia.<br />

nana sumbaZe: `problemaa am<br />

adamianebis saSineli ekonomikuri<br />

mdgomareoba, stigma<br />

da garemo pirobebi, rac am<br />

mdgomareobaSi myof adamianebs<br />

gareT gasvlis, sazogadoebaSi<br />

integrirebis saSualebas<br />

ar aZlevs. yvelaze<br />

mZimea mdgomareoba regioneb-<br />

Si _ yvelanairi TvalsazrisiT.<br />

TbilisSi aravis uTqvams,<br />

rom etliT gareT ar gamoval,<br />

sircxviliao; ambobdnen, ver<br />

gamovalT, radgan etliT<br />

moZraobisaTvis aucilebeli<br />

pirobebi ar arsebobso. iq ki,<br />

magaliTad, duSeTSi, sadac<br />

TiTqmis yvelas aqvs etli, ar<br />

iyeneben mas, radgan nawils<br />

rcxvenia, nawili ki fiqrobs,<br />

rom amis Semdeg veRarasdros<br />

gaivlis...<br />

am adamianebs mxolod Tavian-<br />

Ti ojaxis wevrebTan aqvT<br />

urTierToba, Tumca regioneb-<br />

Si integraciaze metad imaze<br />

uwevT fiqri, SimSiliT sikvdils<br />

rogor gadaurCnen.<br />

quTaisSi iseTi scena gaTamaSda,<br />

cremlebi ver SevikaveT.<br />

alafurSeti gvqonda, Zalian<br />

kargi. yvelam gadaiRo TefSze<br />

kerZi, magram aravin SeWama.<br />

Sevwuxdi, _ miirTviT-meTqi.<br />

iciT, ra miTxres? SeiZleba<br />

saxlSi waviRoTo?.. ai ase<br />

uWirs xalxs, pomidori enatrebaT,<br />

kitri... kidev kargi,<br />

bevri produqti gvqonda da<br />

parkebiT gavataneT Sin. mere<br />

vambobdiT, rom am proeqtma<br />

erTi kargi saqme ukve gaakeTa<br />

_ TiTo dRiT am xalxs noyieri<br />

sakvebi miawoda~.<br />

7<br />

kvlevis winaswarma Sedegebma<br />

warmoaCina, rom yvela kategoriis<br />

invalidi uCivis rigebs<br />

fsiqo-nevrologiur dispanserebSi;<br />

ufulobas, rac reabilitaciisTvis<br />

aucilebeli masa-<br />

Jebis gakeTebis saSualebas ar<br />

aZlevT; sazogadoebis damokidebulebas<br />

_ maT an sibraluliT,<br />

an aTvalwunebiT ekidebian,<br />

razec invalidebi mwvaved<br />

reagireben, radgan undaT sazogadoebis<br />

normalur wevrebad<br />

iTvlebodnen, amisTvis ki isini<br />

maT moTxovnilebebTan adaptirebul<br />

garemos saWiroeben,<br />

raTa moxerxebulad imoZraon<br />

etliT da dawesebulebebSi<br />

Sesvlac SeZlon.<br />

nana sumbaZe: `calke Temaa<br />

momvlelebi. isini, ZiriTadad,<br />

dedebi arian da, faqtobrivad,<br />

mowyvetilni arian samyaros,<br />

radgan 24 saaTis ganmavlibaSi<br />

Svilebs uvlian. quTaisSi<br />

vnaxeT 60 wlis qali, wneviani,<br />

Tirkmelic daweuli aqvs da<br />

uvlis qaliSvils, romelic 80<br />

kilograms iwonis; misi xelSi<br />

ayvana dedas dReSi ramdenjerme<br />

uxdeba... quTaisSive gavicaniT<br />

qali, romelic cerebraluri<br />

dambliT daavadebul<br />

or qaliSvils uvlis marto...<br />

JinvalSi cxovrobs qali, romlis<br />

vaJi gonebrivad CamorCenilia,<br />

epilefsiiTaa daavadebuli<br />

da yovel Rames gulyra<br />

emarTeba. man gviTxra, rom am<br />

dros, ubralod, gadis saxlidan,<br />

radgan verafriT exmareba<br />

Svils, misi tanjvis yureba<br />

ki aRar SeuZlia. am biWs<br />

TveSi 100 laris wamali Wirdeba,<br />

maTi ojaxis Semosavali<br />

ki 35-lariani pensiaa. qali<br />

adre keravda da cota fuli<br />

am gziTac Semohqonda ojaxSi,<br />

magram axla veRar axerxebs am<br />

saqmianobaze koncentracias.<br />

Sin damxmare aravin hyavs _<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

Cveni wre<br />

qmarma adre miatova, meore<br />

Svili ki TbilisSi cxovrobs.<br />

arian mezoblebis amara, maTi<br />

wyalobiT arseboben, isini<br />

kvebaven. `risi imedi gaqvT?~<br />

_ aseTi kiTxva gvqonda interviuSi.<br />

`imis, rom me movkvdebi<br />

da Cemi Svilic mokvdeba~, _<br />

ase gvipasuxa am qalma...<br />

maT uWirT ara marto fizikurad,<br />

sulieradac. kaxeTis erT<br />

sofelSi vnaxeT 11 wlis bav-<br />

Svi, romelsac 5 welze mets<br />

ver miscemT, ver laparakobs,<br />

ver moZraobs. deda moukvda,<br />

mamam sxva qali SeirTo da is,<br />

da-ZmasTan erTad, bebiasTan<br />

gauSva. bebias tuberkulozi<br />

sWirs, bavSvebis movla-patronobis<br />

saxsari ara aqvs.<br />

sofelSi wavidnen sacxovreblad,<br />

magram naxevrad mSivrebi<br />

arian, Tu mezoblebma ar<br />

miawodes rame... am qalma<br />

gviTxra, Cems Svils davemuqre,<br />

bavSvs fanjridan gadavagdeb-meTqi...<br />

saqarTveloSi<br />

bevrs uWirs, magram roca<br />

ekonomikur siduxWires aseTi<br />

mZime daavadeba emateba,<br />

cxovreba wamebad iqceva.~<br />

msoflio bankis es proeqti ar<br />

iTvaliswinebda instituciebis<br />

kvlevas, magram mis SedegebSi<br />

aisaxeba yru-munjTa da<br />

usinaTloTa skolebSi arsebuli<br />

mdgomareoba. aRmoCnda, rom<br />

Turme yru-munjebma ar ician<br />

wera-kiTxva, radgan Jestebis<br />

enas mexuTe klasidan aswavlian,<br />

rac Zalian gviania. Jestebis<br />

enas ver floben maTi mSoblebic,<br />

ris gamoc bavSvebi kontaqtSi<br />

sakuTari ojaxis wevrebTanac<br />

ver Sedian. bevr qveyanaSi<br />

moqmedebs kanoni, romelic<br />

yru-munjebis mSoblebs avaldebulebs<br />

Jestebis enis swavlas.<br />

CvenTan ki yruebi samyarosTan<br />

kavSirs, faqtobrivad,<br />

moklebulni arian. aranakleb<br />

rTul mdgomareobaSi imyofebian<br />

usinaTloebic. gaumarTavi<br />

programebis gamo es bavSvebi<br />

8<br />

ver ewevian Tanatolebs da<br />

itegraciac Zneldeba. bevri<br />

skolaSi saerTod ar dadis.<br />

nana sumbaZe: `sinamdvileSi<br />

ramdenni arian qarTveli invalidebi,<br />

aravin icis. arsebobs<br />

mxolod maTi statistika,<br />

vinc pensias iRebs. ar<br />

arsebobs saxelmwifo strategia<br />

iqiTken mimarTuli, rom<br />

invalidebs damoukideblad<br />

cxovrebis pirobebi SeeqmnaT.<br />

ar arsebobs kanoni, romelic<br />

sawarmos an organizacias<br />

imis stimuls miscemda, rom<br />

invalidi daesaqmebina. yvela<br />

qveyanaSi arsebobs aseTi kanoni,<br />

saTanado SeRavaTiT,<br />

saqarTveloSi _ ara. am adamianebis<br />

didi nawilis dasaqmeba,<br />

gamoyeneba SeiZleba;<br />

imis gamoc isini arian daTrgunulni,<br />

rom sakuTari<br />

Tavis rCenas ver axerxeben. es<br />

viTareba aucileblad unda<br />

Seicvalos~.<br />

saWiroebebi saWiroebebi da<br />

da<br />

SesaZleblobebi<br />

SesaZleblobebi<br />

cvlilebebi dawyebulia, magram<br />

am sferoSic xom iseve, rogorc<br />

sxva sferoebSi, bevri<br />

problemaa dagrovili da iqamde,<br />

vidre mdgomareoba gamoswordeba<br />

da adamianebi amas<br />

igrZnoben, cota dro ar gaivlis.<br />

bolo 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />

am TvalsazrisiT CvenTan<br />

faqtobrivad araferi gakeTebula<br />

_ kanonebi iwereboda,<br />

magram ar sruldeboda, yvela<br />

ufleba, romlebzec maTSi iyo<br />

laparaki, qaRaldze rCeboda.<br />

saqarTveloSi aqamdec moqmedebda<br />

kanoni `SezRuduli<br />

SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa<br />

socialuri dacvis Sesaxeb~,<br />

oficialurad aRiarebuli iyo<br />

Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso dokumentebis<br />

Sinaarsi, magram inva-

lidebze zrunva Semoifargleboda<br />

umweoTa kategoriaSi<br />

maTi moqceviT, ramdenime tipis<br />

komunaluri da samedicino<br />

SeRavaTiT, ZiriTadad, meore<br />

msoflio omisa da saqarTvelos<br />

teritoriuli mTlianobisTvis<br />

brZolis invalidebis-<br />

Tvis, da programebiT, romlebic<br />

deficituri xeljoxebiT,<br />

sasmeni aparatebiT, protezebiT<br />

maT momaragebas iTvaliswinebda.<br />

mTavari ki is<br />

gaxlavT, rom es programebi ar<br />

warmoadgenda invalidebTan<br />

dakavSirebuli erTiani saxelmwifo<br />

politikis segmentebs _<br />

aseTi politika saqarTvelos<br />

yofil xelisufalT, ubralod,<br />

ar SeumuSavebiaT.<br />

`is samedicino midgoma, romelic<br />

invalidebTan dakav-<br />

SirebiT gvqonda, mcdaria da<br />

unda Seicvalos, _ miiCnevs<br />

invalidTa arasamTavrobo<br />

organizaciaTa `koalicia damoukidebeli<br />

cxovrebisaTvis~<br />

xelmZRvaneli koba nadiraZe, _<br />

invalids dRemde ise ekidebian,<br />

rogorc pacients, adamians,<br />

romelsac mudmivad<br />

sWirdeba mkurnaloba. invalidoba<br />

mxolod es ar aris.<br />

invalidi aris socialuri<br />

statusi da am saqmeSi eqimebis<br />

garda Cabmuli unda iyvnen<br />

iuristebi, ganaTlebis<br />

sferos muSakebi, mSeneblebi<br />

_ yvela, cxovrebis yvela<br />

sferos warmomadgenlebi.<br />

adamianebi, sazogadoeba unda<br />

mixvdes amas. unda Seicvalos<br />

sazogadoebrivi azri, damokidebuleba<br />

invalidobis mimarT,<br />

materialuri garemo,<br />

romelSic maT uwevT cxovreba.<br />

am mimarTulebiT moqmedebis<br />

dawyeba dResve SeiZleba. ra<br />

udgas win skolebis, institutebis,<br />

nebismieri axali Seno-<br />

bisa Tu nagebobis pandusebiT<br />

aRWurvas? es ar iTxovs damatebiT<br />

saxsrebs, invalids ki<br />

Tavisufali gadaadgilebis<br />

saSualebas aZlevs. arc reliefuri<br />

filebis dagebaa rTuli,<br />

usinaTloebs rom gauadvildeT<br />

gadaadgileba. aravi-<br />

Tar damatebiT xarjs ar moiTxovs<br />

imis dadgena, Tu ra<br />

simaRleze unda damagrdes<br />

karis saxeluri, rom invalidic<br />

miswvdes mas. an gana didi<br />

problemaa ufro farTo karis<br />

gakeTeba, etlianma adamianmac<br />

rom SeZlos SenobaSi Sesvla?<br />

amaze arc unda vlaparakobdeT,<br />

radgan arsebobs kanoni,<br />

damtkicebulia normebi,<br />

Tumca maT aravin asrulebs.<br />

samwuxarod, Zalian bevri<br />

invalidi am sakiTxebs seriozulad<br />

ar ekideba. bevri fiqrobs<br />

gamovjanmrTeldebio,<br />

bevri ki avadmyofobas dauTrgunavs<br />

da ar fiqrobs imaze,<br />

ra potencials flobs, ra<br />

uflebebi aqvs, ra SeiZleba<br />

gaakeTos. gasulma wlebma<br />

CvenSi invalidi Camoayaliba<br />

momxmareblad, romelic saxelmwifom<br />

unda arCinos,<br />

saxelmwifom unda Seinaxos.<br />

saxelmwifos upirvelesi<br />

movaleoba is aris, rom sazogadoebriv<br />

cxovrebaSi integrirebisTvis<br />

aucilebeli<br />

pirobebi Seuqmnas invalidebs,<br />

raTa maT TviTon SeZlon Tavis<br />

rCena. es aris umTavresi~.<br />

saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa<br />

da socialuri dacvis<br />

saministroSi Seqmnilia specialuri<br />

komisia, romelic invalidobis<br />

cnebis gansazRvrasa<br />

da invalidebis mimarT gasatarebeli<br />

politikis SemuSavebaze<br />

muSaobs. konkretulad ras<br />

gulismobs es, jer saministro-<br />

Si arafers amboben. jerjerobiT<br />

SegviZlia mxolod im<br />

9<br />

programebze visaubroT, romelTac<br />

saministros dakveTiT<br />

socialuri daxmarebisa da<br />

dasaqmebis saagento axorcielebs.<br />

es gaxlavT `SezRuduli<br />

SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa<br />

socialuri integraciisa da<br />

adaptaciis xelSwyobis saxelmwifo<br />

programa~, romelic<br />

ramdenime qveprogramisgan<br />

Sedgeba. rogorc saagentos<br />

programebis marTvis departamentis<br />

ufrosi Tea sturua<br />

ambobs, programa im moTxovnebis<br />

gaTvaliswinebiT Seiqmna,<br />

romlebmac dResdReobiT wina<br />

planze wamoiwies da misi mizani<br />

SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone<br />

pirebis samoqalaqo integraciaa.<br />

yvelaze meti finansuri saxsrebi<br />

gaTvaliswinebulia Sez-<br />

Ruduli SesaZleblobebis<br />

mqone pirTa dRis centrebis<br />

ganviTarebis programisaTvis.<br />

es gulisxmobs qveynis masStabiT<br />

iseTi centrebis Seqmnas,<br />

romlebic invalidebs momsaxurebis<br />

srul pakets SesTavazeben:<br />

kvebas, samedicino<br />

dargis muSakTa da fsiqologis<br />

momsaxurebas, swavlebas,<br />

ganaTlebas, yofiTi da profesiuli<br />

unar-Cvevebis daxvewas,<br />

yofiTi pirobebis gaumjobesebas.<br />

dRes ukve 18 aseTi<br />

centri moqmedebs guriaSi,<br />

kaxeTSi, qvemo qarTlSi, raWaleCxumSi,<br />

samcxe-javaxeTSi da<br />

maT zedamxedvelobas saagento<br />

uwevs. es centrebi ar arian<br />

SezRuduli arc asakobrivi da<br />

arc nozologiuri TvalsazrisiT<br />

_ iq nebismieri asakisa da<br />

problemis mqone invaldi SeiZleba<br />

naxoT.<br />

Tea sturua: `sxvanairad arc<br />

SeiZleboda yofiliyo, radgan<br />

Tavisi arsiT es antiinstituciuri<br />

dawesebulebebia. amitom<br />

yvela centrSi arian<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

Cveni wre<br />

sxvadasxva unarSezRudvebis<br />

mqone adamianebi. es aris mikrosociumi.<br />

iq arian bavSvebic,<br />

zrdasrulebic, moxucebic.<br />

erTaderTi SezRudva is<br />

aris, rom TiTo centri 50-ze<br />

met beneficiars ver miiRebs,<br />

radgan, Tu maTi raodenoba<br />

50-s aWarbebs, Sedegiani<br />

aRaraa centris saqmianoba _<br />

aq TiToeul adamianTan individualuri<br />

muSaoba tardeba.<br />

Cven yovelkvireulad, regionaluri<br />

da raionuli ganyofilebebis<br />

saSualebiT vamowmebT<br />

am centrebis saqmianobas,<br />

vaanalizebT miRebul<br />

informacias, vxvdebiT maT<br />

xelmZRvanelebs da a.S. mokled,<br />

erTad vqmniT am adamianebTan<br />

urTierTobis axal<br />

formebs, vswavlobT am saqmes,<br />

miTumetes, rom es mzardi<br />

komponentia.<br />

am komponentis erT-erTi mizania,<br />

es adamianebi karCaketilobidan<br />

ixsnas. kiTxvari,<br />

romelsac Cveni beneficiarebi<br />

da maTi patronebi periodulad<br />

avseben, adasturebs,<br />

rom centrebis arseboba<br />

gamarTlebulia. Tavad gansajeT,<br />

_ 38 wlis adamiani,<br />

romelic 38 welia karCaketil<br />

cxovrebas eweva, dRes acxadebs,<br />

imdenad kargad var, rom<br />

colis SerTvazec vfiqrob da<br />

SeiZleba isic amave centridan<br />

iyoso... es aris adamiani,<br />

romelic stigmis gamo mezobels<br />

ar daenaxeboda, gareT<br />

ar gamodioda. misi transformacia<br />

imaze metyvelebs,<br />

rom am adamianis socialuri<br />

reabilitacia moxda... Zalian<br />

kmayofilebi arian bavSvebi,<br />

imdenad, rom saxlSi wasvla<br />

aRar undaT da kiTxvaze _ ras<br />

isurvebdiT?, _ weren: `dRis<br />

centrma imuSaos ara 10-dan<br />

6-mde, aramed, dilis 8-dan<br />

saRamos 10-mde~... da rac ara-<br />

nakleb mniSvnelovania: uadvildebaT<br />

sakuTari mdgomareobis<br />

atana, roca sxvebsac<br />

xedaven maT dReSi myofT~.<br />

Semdegi komponenti saprotezoorTopediuli<br />

saSualebebiT<br />

invalidebis ufaso momsaxurebaa.<br />

saubaria zeda da qveda<br />

kiduris protezze, sxvadasxva<br />

korsetebze, specialur<br />

tansacmelze da a.S. mesame aris<br />

usinaTloTa sainformacio<br />

uzrunvelyofis komponenti.<br />

igi gulisxmobs usinaTloebis-<br />

Tvis brailis SriftiTa da<br />

audio teqnikiT Cawerili<br />

mxatvruli Tu sxva saxis literaturis<br />

gamocemasa da gamravlebas.<br />

ukve gaxmovanebulia 57<br />

avtoris nawarmoebebi, maT Soris<br />

invalidebisTvis saWiro<br />

samarTlebrivi literaturac.<br />

wels, saerTo erovnuli gamocdebis<br />

saWiroebidan gamomdinare,<br />

gaxmovanda qarTuli literaturis<br />

programiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

nawilic, ise, rom<br />

bavSvebi sazepiroebis daswavlasac<br />

SeZleben. yvela es komponenti<br />

socialuri integraciis<br />

qveprogramas ganekuTvneba.<br />

Semdegi gaxlavT institucionaluri<br />

patronaJis qveprograma.<br />

mis farglebSi saxelmwifo<br />

srulad afinansebs sam instituciur<br />

dawesebulebas,<br />

romlebic specialuri gamokvlevis<br />

Sedegad SeirCa. amave<br />

qveprogramaSi Sedis saTemo<br />

organizaciebis ganviTarebis<br />

komponenti. es saxelmwifo<br />

programis sruliad axali<br />

komponentia, erTgvari eqsperimentia,<br />

romelic gulisxmobs<br />

mikrosazogadoebis Seqmnas da<br />

am adamianebis ara dRis<br />

centrebSi, aramed TemebSi<br />

integrirebas. rogorc Tea<br />

sturua ambobs, am komponentis-<br />

Tvis gamocxadebul tenderSi<br />

10<br />

10<br />

monawileoba bevrma ver gabeda,<br />

_ `axali xili bevrisTvis<br />

Zneli gasasinji gamodga,<br />

magram aRmoCnda ori organizacia<br />

kaxeTSi, romlebmac<br />

iyides iq miwebi, saxlebi,<br />

waiyvanes miusafari bavSvebi,<br />

moxucebi, maT Soris SezRuduli<br />

SesaZleblobebis mqonenic,<br />

da maTTan erTad komunis<br />

principiT daiwyes cxovreba.<br />

moawyves meurneoba,<br />

Seqmnes sakuTari garemo,<br />

sadac Cinebulad grZnoben<br />

Tavs: Sromoben, naSroms<br />

yidian da saxlebs aSeneben,<br />

rom axali wevrebi miiRon~.<br />

am qveprogramis bolo komponentia<br />

instituciur dawesebulebebSi<br />

myofi beneficiarebis<br />

sakurorto reabilitacia.<br />

Semdegi qveprograma SezRuduli<br />

SesaZleblobebis mqone bav-<br />

SvTa reabilitaciis programaa,<br />

romelic iaSvilis saxelobis<br />

klinikis bazaze xorcieldeba,<br />

fsiqonevrologiuri reabilitaciis<br />

centrSi. yvela beneficiaris<br />

yvelanair momsaxurebas<br />

_ samedicinos Tu saswavlos,<br />

maTTvis da maTi mSoblebisaTvis,<br />

saxelmwifo afinansebs.<br />

Semdegi qveprograma gaxlavT<br />

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis<br />

mqone pirTa damxmare saSualebebiT<br />

_ etlebiT, xeljoxebiT,<br />

yavarjnebiT, xelovnuri<br />

smenis aparatebiT uzrunvelyofa<br />

da xelovnuri yuris<br />

inplantis Rirebulebis dafinanseba.<br />

am qveprogramis bolo<br />

nawili barZayis Tavis asenciuri<br />

nekroziT daavadebuli<br />

bavSvebis sadReRamiso momsaxurebas<br />

gulisxmobs. es bavSvebi<br />

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas<br />

saWiroeben, mkurnalobis yvela<br />

moTxovnis Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi<br />

ki maTi gankurneba SesaZlebelia.<br />

maTTvis dasavleT<br />

saqarTveloSi specialuri<br />

centri moqmedebs.

Tea sturua: `mTlianad es<br />

programa 4 milionamde lars<br />

saWiroebs. igi 1 maisidan<br />

amoqmedda da wels, 31 dekembers<br />

dasruldeba. am xnis<br />

ganmavlobaSi bevri ram gaumjobesda,<br />

daixvewa, bevri _<br />

momavalSi daixveweba. wlebis<br />

ganmavlobaSi smenis aparatebi<br />

deficituri iyo. wels sabiujeto<br />

ekonomiis xarjze ise<br />

movaxerxeT, rom problema ar<br />

Segvqmnia, _ daaxloebiT 1150<br />

adamiani dakmayofilda maSin,<br />

rodesac wliurad 100-200<br />

adamiani Tu kmayofildeboda.<br />

es programuli Tanxebis sruli<br />

mobilizaciisa da miznobrivi<br />

xarjvis wyalobiT moxerxda.<br />

amasTan, minda vTqva,<br />

rom kargi iqneba, Tu SezRuduli<br />

SesaZleblobebis mqoneTa<br />

dRis centrebSi Zalian<br />

SeZlebuli ojaxebi bavSvebis<br />

momsaxurebis safasurs<br />

gadaixdian da saxelmwifos<br />

mier gamoyofil Tanxas maT<br />

dauTmoben, visac materialurad<br />

Zalian uWirs. miTumetes,<br />

rom centrebSi misaRebTa<br />

raodenoba, momsaxurebis<br />

xarisxis SenarCunebis mizniT,<br />

SezRudulia~.<br />

nino nino nino da da sxvebi<br />

sxvebi<br />

erT-erTi aseTi dRis centri<br />

`anika~ TbilisSi, Temqaze mdebareobs.<br />

misi Senoba Cveni qveynisTvis<br />

unikaluria _ etlian<br />

adamians Senobis nebismier<br />

kuTxeSi SeuZlia moxvedra,<br />

tualetiTa da sacurao auziT<br />

uproblemod sargebloba.<br />

momsaxure personali iq Tavad<br />

bavSvebis mSoblebiTaa dakompleqtebuli,<br />

_ ori mniSvnelovani<br />

saqme erTad keTdeba.<br />

`anikaSi~ 7-dan 22 wlamde bavSvebi<br />

da axalgazrdebi dadian,<br />

maT umetesobas cerebraluri<br />

dambla aqvs. centris kontin-<br />

gens liftiani avtobusi emsaxureba.<br />

koncertebi da sportuli<br />

Sejibrebebi aq xSirad<br />

tardeba da maTSi iseTebic<br />

monawileoben, visac, saxlSi<br />

gamoketils, sajaro RonisZiebaSi<br />

manamde arasodes miuRia<br />

monawileoba... magram problema<br />

mainc arsebobs. `anikas~ xelm-<br />

ZRvaneli irina inasariZe ambobs,<br />

rom dafinansebis principebia<br />

problemuri: `saagento gamar-<br />

Tulad muSaobs, monitoringis<br />

araCveulebrivi sistema<br />

aawyves, _ erTi wuTi ar gaZleven<br />

modunebis saSualebas,<br />

rac Zalian kargia, moTxovnebic<br />

iseTia, rogoric unda<br />

iyos, magram fuls bavSvebis<br />

daswrebis mixedviT gvixdian.<br />

amis gakeTeba upriani iqneboda,<br />

es fuli marto kvebasa da<br />

swavlisTvis saWiro masalebze<br />

rom ixarjebodes, magram<br />

roca dafinansebaSi maswavleblebis<br />

isedac mcire xelfasebic,<br />

transportis Sesanaxi<br />

da bevri sxva ramis xarjic<br />

Sedis, es meTodi gaumar-<br />

Tlebelia. Tu momaval tenderSic<br />

es piroba iqneba, Cven<br />

programis ganxorcielebaze<br />

ganacxads aRar SevitanT~.<br />

Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri<br />

dacvis saministros am<br />

da bevri sxva SeniSvnis gaTvaliswineba,<br />

albaT, mouwevs,<br />

mTlianad xelisuflebas ki _<br />

yvela im mTavari moTxovnisa,<br />

romelsac invalidebTan dakav-<br />

Sirebuli saerTaSoriso<br />

dokumentebi Seicavs. adamianis<br />

uflebaTa deklaraciis, gaeros<br />

generaluri asambleis specialuri<br />

rezoluciisa da sxva<br />

aqtebis mTavari saTqmeli<br />

nebismieri saxelmwifos xelisufalTaTvis<br />

is aris, rom<br />

sabaziso amocana invalidebis-<br />

Tvis Tanabari pirobebis Seqmnaa;<br />

rom saxelmwifoebma unda<br />

uzrunvelyon: invalidTa efeq-<br />

11<br />

11<br />

tiani samedicino momsaxureba;<br />

maTi reabilitacia damoukideblobisa<br />

da sicocxlisunarianobis<br />

optimaluri donis<br />

misaRwevad da SesanarCuneblad;<br />

damxmare momsaxurebis<br />

gaweva; Tanabari SesaZleblobebi<br />

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis<br />

nebismier sferoSi invalidebis<br />

monawileobisTvis; maTi saSualo<br />

da umaRlesi ganaTlebis<br />

xelSewyoba; dasaqmeba da a.S. es<br />

ar aris erTi da ori dRis saqme,<br />

magram arc is saqmea, romelic<br />

SeiZleba calkeuli kanonebis<br />

SecvliT Tu SeqmniT CaiTvalos<br />

gakeTebulad. miTumetes<br />

maSin, roca sazogadoebis<br />

damokidebuleba invalidebisadmi<br />

araerTgvarovania...<br />

meoreklaseli nino RaribaSvilis<br />

deda miyveboda, erT-erTma<br />

cnobilma qalbatonma, romelic<br />

saqvelmoqmedo aqcias atarebda,<br />

Tavisi uari Cems Txovnaze,<br />

ninosTvis aucilebeli<br />

samedicino manipulaciebi<br />

daefinansebina, ase axsna: Cvens<br />

qveyanas sulac ar sWirdeba<br />

invalidebio... ninos ki amqveynad<br />

yvelaferi ainteresebs,<br />

multfilmebiT dawyebuli,<br />

sainformacio gamoSvebebiT<br />

damTavrebuli, uyvars kiTxva,<br />

curvas cdilobs. cerebraluri<br />

dambla aqvs da wyali mis-<br />

Tvis haeriviT aucilebelia.<br />

saocrad cocxali da mxiaruli<br />

bavSvia. dedas uTxres, Sansi<br />

gaqvT, bavSvi gamojanmrTeldeso<br />

da gogona Tavs ar izogavs,<br />

iatakidan wamoiwevs, muxlebze<br />

dgeba, specialuri mowyobilobiT<br />

siaruls cdilobs... da ocnebobs...<br />

or rameze: gaiaros da<br />

saqarTvelo Zlieri iyos. sityva-sityviT<br />

ase miTxra, mTeli<br />

seriozulobiTa da gulwrfelobiT...<br />

viTom, marTla ar gvWirdeba<br />

isini?<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

dialogi<br />

fundamentalizmis<br />

barieri<br />

cota xnis win saxalxo damcvelTan arsebuli tolerantobis centris egidiT<br />

seminari gaimarTa, romelSic sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis axalgazrdebi monawileobdnen.<br />

seminaris erTi nawili eTnikuri stereotipebis ganxilvas daeTmo.<br />

axalgazrdebi erTmaneTis eTnikur warmomavlobaze sruliad araadekvatur,<br />

xSirad Seuracxmyofel (binZuri, suniani, moRalate, eSmaki, gaiZvera da a.S.) warmodgenebs<br />

daufaravad amJRavnebdnen. ucnauri iyo, magram seminaris monawileebi<br />

am Sefasebebma gaamxiarula da yvelas xalisiani ganwyoba daeufla.<br />

Tumca, rodesac religiur stereotipebis dro movida, suraTi Seicvala. seminaris<br />

monawileebTan Sesaxvedrad sxvadasxva konfesiis RvTismsaxurebi iyvnen<br />

mowveuli. erT-erTma studentma meCeTis molas tragikuli intonaciiT ganucxada:<br />

`Tqven pasuxi unda agoT imaze, rom TaTrebi xocavdnen marTlmadidebel<br />

qarTvelebs~; Semdeg asirielma monawilem kaTolike mRvdels imaSi dasdo brali,<br />

rom kaTolicizmma maTi eri orad gaxliCa da erTmaneTs daupirispira. protestantma<br />

pastorma Tqva, rom umTavresi adamianis sulis xsnaa da meorexarisxovania<br />

erovnebis, eklesiis statusis, qonebisa da sakanonmdeblo privilegiebis Tema.<br />

am azrs somexi monawileebis mZafri kritika mohyva: `mTavari dRes somxuri<br />

da kaTolikuri eklesiebisTvis statusis sakiTxi da qonebis problemis gadawyvetaa~<br />

_ ambobdnen isini. marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mRvdelmsaxuri Sexvedras,<br />

mowvevis miuxedavad, ar daeswro da rogorc seminariis kursdamTavrebuls, me<br />

miwevda kiTxvebze `orTodoqsuli~ pasuxis gacema, rac imiT dasrulda, rom erTerTma<br />

marTlmadidebelma monawilem mwvaleblobaSi damadanaSaula... erTi sityviT,<br />

seminarze viTareba imdenad daiZaba, rom sami dRis ganmavlobaSi somxebs,<br />

azerbaijanlebs, qurTebs, qarTvelebs, ebraelebs, berZnebsa da asirielebs Soris<br />

damkvidrebul keTilganwyobasa da megobrobis survils safrTxe daeumuqra.<br />

amitom iZulebuli gavxdiT, religiur stereotipebze aRar gvelaparaka.<br />

seminaris magaliTi im gavrcelebuli Sexedulebis karg ilustraciad SeiZleba<br />

gamodges, rom globalizaciis pirobebSi religiurma fundamentalizma nacionalizmis<br />

adgili daikava da civilizaciebs Soris dapirispirebis umTavres<br />

faqtorad gadaiqca; bolodroindel TiTqmis yvela masStabur konfliqts xom<br />

religiuri safuZveli aqvs.<br />

ramdenad uqmnis safrTxes religiuri fundamentalizmi adamianis pirovnul<br />

Tavisuflebas da mSvidobian msoflios. dgas Tu ara Cveni qveyana am saSiSroebis<br />

winaSe?<br />

mrgvali magidis monawileebi _ politologebi gia nodia da zurab daviTaSvili,<br />

filosofosi anastasia zaqariaZe da evangelistur-baptisturi eklesiis mTavarepiskoposi<br />

malxaz sonRulaSvili ecdebian mSvidobianad upasuxon am SekiTxvebs.<br />

12<br />

12

eqa mindiaSvili: dRes<br />

11 seqtemberia. es Tari-<br />

Ri da Cveni saubris Tema<br />

simbolurad daemTxva<br />

erTmaneTs: gTavazobT<br />

visaubroT fundamentalizmze,<br />

mis sxvadasxva<br />

aspeqtze. xom ar ajobebs<br />

am movlenis religiur<br />

safuZvlebze msjelobiT<br />

daviwyoT? saidan aRmocenda<br />

igi, rogor ganvi-<br />

Tarda da rogor iqca monstrad<br />

msofliosaTvis?<br />

malxaz sonRulaSvili: wamosvlis<br />

win vebsteris leqsikons<br />

gadavxede. iq weria, rom fundamentalizmi<br />

aris moZraoba,<br />

romelsac dasabami meoce saukuneSi<br />

daedo. ufro zustad,<br />

es procesi me-19 saukuneSi,<br />

1870 wels daiwyo, rodesac<br />

kaTolikurma eklesiam gamoacxada<br />

papis ucdomelobis dogmati<br />

_ `eqskaTedra~: rodesac<br />

papi kaTedridan qadagebs, is<br />

uzenaesi avtoritetia. amaze<br />

reaqcia moaxdines protestantulma<br />

eklesiebma _ maT ganacxades,<br />

rom Tu romis kaTolikuri<br />

eklesiisTvis Seucdomeli<br />

avtoriteti papia, maSin<br />

maTTvis Seucdomeli avtoriteti<br />

saRvTo werilia. rogorc<br />

ki saRvTo werili uzenaes avtoritetad<br />

gamocxadda, maSinve<br />

moxda misi iseTi interpretireba,<br />

romelsac aqamde ar icnobda<br />

arc protestantuli,<br />

arc marTlmadidebeli da arc<br />

kaTolikuri eklesia. saqme is<br />

gaxlavT, rom, Tu saRvTo werils<br />

sityvasityviT aRviqvamT<br />

da gavigebT, SeiZleba kuriozamde<br />

mivideT. amitom sxvadasxva<br />

mimdinareobis qristianuli<br />

eklesiebi iZulebulni gaxdnen<br />

ebrZolaT am kuriozebis winaaRmdeg.<br />

aviRoT, magaliTad, samyaros<br />

asaki: gviani Sua saukuneebis<br />

droindeli gamoTvliT,<br />

samyaro sul raRac xuTi aTasi<br />

malxaz sonRulaSvili<br />

welia arsebobs, ebrauli gamoTvliT<br />

_ ufro naklebi, magram<br />

bunebismetyvelebisa da arqeologiis<br />

ganviTarebam gamoaaSkarava<br />

faqtebi, romlebic metyveleben,<br />

rom samyaro bevrad<br />

ufro Zvelia. swored aman gamoiwvia<br />

Zalian ucnauri dapirispireba<br />

religiur niadagze,<br />

gansakuTrebiT SeerTebul StatebSi,<br />

rac bolos mecnierebis<br />

gamarjvebiT damTavrda. cxadia,<br />

saRvTo werili mecnierebas ar<br />

ewinaaRmdegeba, oRond misi<br />

literaluri, sityvasityviTi<br />

interpretacia SeiZleba daupirispirdes<br />

mecnierebas. me-20<br />

saukuneSi moxda am literalisturi<br />

fundamentalizmis gavrcoba.<br />

fundamentalizmi iqca<br />

moZraobad, romelic ara mxolod<br />

saRvTo werilis avtoritets<br />

icavda, aramed icavda<br />

yvelafers, rac saRvTo werilis<br />

anu qristianuli eklesiis<br />

safuZvlebTan, fundamentTan<br />

iyo dakavSirebuli da es xdeboda<br />

Zalian mkacrad gamoxatuli<br />

ultrakonservatiuli<br />

poziciidan.<br />

me-20 saukuneSi, qristianulma<br />

fundamentalizmma (mxedvelo-<br />

13<br />

13<br />

baSi maqvs protestantuli<br />

fundamentalizmi), mogvianebiT<br />

islamurma da Semdeg, albaT,<br />

politikurma fundamentalizmmac<br />

aseTi niSnebi SeiZina: pirveli<br />

_ saRvTo werilis uzenaesi<br />

avtoriteti da misi ucdomelebis<br />

principi, _ saRvTo<br />

werili unda gavigoT ise, rogorc<br />

weria; meore _ qalis<br />

rolis daknineba. aRsaniSnavia,<br />

rom qristianuli, islamuri da<br />

politikuri fundamentalizmis<br />

erT-erTi saerTo niSania qalis<br />

rolis daknineba; mesame _ mkafiod<br />

gamokveTili avtoritaruloba.<br />

gia nodia: vfiqrob, rom fundamentalizmis<br />

zusti ganmarteba<br />

SeuZlebelia. fundamentalizmi<br />

raRacaze negatiuri<br />

reagirebaa. Tu sakiTxs filosofiurad<br />

mivudgebiT, fundamentalizmi<br />

istoriis uaryofaa.<br />

ZirebTan dabruneba niSnavs,<br />

rac moxda, yvelafris<br />

daviwyebas. qristianisTvis es<br />

iqneba yvelafris saxarebis<br />

droidan dawyeba. rac im drois<br />

Semdeg xdeboda, yvelaferi<br />

damaxinjeba da rwmenis wabilwvaa.<br />

muslimisTvis es iqneba<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

dialogebi<br />

gia nodia<br />

muhamedTan dabruneba da a.S.<br />

yovelgvari cvlileba gauaresebaa,<br />

amitom rwmenisa da adamianobis<br />

Tavdapirvel umankoebas<br />

unda davubrundeT. Tu politikurad<br />

da sociologiurad<br />

SevxedavT, esaa reaqcia modernizaciis<br />

winaaRmdeg da modernizaciis<br />

ideologiuri gulis<br />

_ liberalizmis winaaRmdeg,<br />

iseTi msoflmxedvelobisa da<br />

socialuri da politikuri<br />

wyobis winaaRmdeg, romelic<br />

adamianis, pirovnebis arCevans<br />

amosaval Rirebulebad miiCnevs.<br />

yvela saxis fundamentalizmis<br />

gamaerTianebeli antiliberalizmia.<br />

zurab daviTaSvili: ZirebTan<br />

dabruneba praqtikulad mTeli<br />

istoriis manZilze xdeboda,<br />

magram, amas fundamentalizmad<br />

ar movixseniebT. magaliTad,<br />

islamSi vahabizmi swored<br />

wminda muhamedis droindel<br />

islamTan dab-runeba iyo. es<br />

religiuri mimdinareoba me-19<br />

saukunis dasawyisidan iyo saxelmwifo<br />

religia nejSi, Semdeg<br />

saudis arabeTSi, magram<br />

maSin is fundamentalizmad ar<br />

aRiqmeboda. mTavari kiTxva,<br />

albaT, aris: ratom meoce<br />

saukuneSi da ratom dRes?!<br />

batoni gia marTalia: es aris<br />

reaqcia dasavlur Rirebulebebze,<br />

romelTa upiratesoba<br />

gansakuTrebiT meoce saukune-<br />

Si gamoCnda. am saukuneSi Seiqmna<br />

warmodgena, rom dasavluri<br />

civilizacia, romelic<br />

protestantul da kaTolikur<br />

(ufro metad protestantul)<br />

msoflmxedvelobasa da Rirebulebebs<br />

eyrdnoba aris universaluri<br />

civilizacia; progresi<br />

da ganviTareba ki mxolod<br />

am civilizaciasTanaa dakavSirebuli.<br />

Tavis droze bevrma<br />

sxva qveyanam, sxva civilizaciis<br />

mimdevrebma aitaces dasavluri<br />

Rirebulebebi da, cota<br />

ar iyos, forsirebulad scades<br />

integracia am RirebulebebTan.<br />

Tumca bevri faqtoris gauTvaliswineblobam<br />

ukuSedegi<br />

moitana. iranis Sahi dasavluri<br />

Rirebulebebis danergvas cdilobda<br />

Tavis qveyanaSi, magram<br />

rogorc ki ZaldatanebiTi<br />

formiT scada es, maSinve sxva<br />

suraTi miviReT: dRes irani<br />

antidasavluri fundamentalizmis<br />

kera gaxda. igive procesi<br />

SeimCneva marTlmadidebel<br />

samyaroSi. garkveulwilad<br />

yvela civilizacia daupirispirda<br />

dasavlur Rirebulebebs,<br />

vinaidan miaCniaT, rom arafriT<br />

masze naklebni ar arian.<br />

CvenTan ar arsebobs antiebra-<br />

14<br />

14<br />

uli da antiislamuri ganwyobebi,<br />

magram fundamentalisturi<br />

azrovneba marTlmadideblobaSi<br />

ZiriTadad dasavluri<br />

Rirebulebebis winaaRmdegaa<br />

mimarTuli. vfiqrob, esaa SiSi<br />

dasavluri civilizaciis<br />

upiratesobis winaSe.<br />

beqa mindiaSvili: ra<br />

SeiZleba ganapirobebdes<br />

am SiSs, ra safrTxeebs<br />

SeiZleba xedavdnen,<br />

vTqvaT, fundamentalistebad<br />

moazrebuli marTlmadideblebi<br />

dasavlur<br />

civilizaciaSi?<br />

malxaz sonRulaSvili: rom<br />

warmovidginoT Tavi marTlmadideblis<br />

adgilas, ras mingrevs<br />

me dasavluri Rirebulebebi?<br />

_ mingrevs Cems warmodgenebs,<br />

da Tavs daucvelad<br />

vgrZnob im movlenebis winaSe,<br />

romelic dasavluri civilizaciis,<br />

kulturisa da dasavluri<br />

Teologiis saxiT gamomecxada.<br />

problema kidev is<br />

aris, rom ar var mzad davicva<br />

sakuTari Tavi.<br />

anastasia zaqariaZe: me sxva<br />

kuTxiT vuyureb am problemas.<br />

vfiqrob, rom adamiani ver<br />

Sedgeba pirovnebad, Tu is ar<br />

aris Tavisufali. fundamentalizmi<br />

nebismier Tavis gamovlinebaSi<br />

is monstria, romelic<br />

adamianis pirovnulobas sa-<br />

SiSroebis winaSe ayenebs. is<br />

arTmevs mas Tavisuflebas,<br />

arTmevs yvelaze did monapovars,<br />

rac adamians SeiZleba<br />

gaaCndes _ Tavisufali nebis<br />

gamoxatvis unars da Semdeg<br />

movaleobasac, vinaidan Tavisufleba<br />

didi movaleobacaa.<br />

fundamentalizmi Zirebisken<br />

gvabrunebso, ra aris Zirebisken<br />

mibruneba? Tu es miTisken<br />

ukan wasvlaa, da me mgoni asea,<br />

maSin es daRupva iqneba saer

Tod yvelafris, rac kacobriobam<br />

aqamde moipova.…<br />

gia nodia: ra Tqma unda, fundamentalizmisTvis<br />

Tavisufleba<br />

ZiriTadi negatiuri cnebaa,<br />

Tuki liberalizmisTvis Tavisuflebis<br />

dakargva aris katastrofa,<br />

fundamentalizmisTvis<br />

katastrofa Tavisuflebaa.<br />

Tavisufleba aris wyevla,<br />

TviTneboba, codvis potencia.<br />

Tavisufali rom xar, imitom<br />

xar codvili, Tavisufali rom<br />

ar iyo codvili ar iqnebodi.<br />

Tu SenTvis Tavisufleba wyevlaa<br />

gacilebiT advilia iyo<br />

kamikaZe, imitom, rom gwams amiT<br />

gamarTldebi. magram, modiT,<br />

davubrundeT fundamentalizmis<br />

socialur, sociologiur<br />

da, Tu gnebavT, politikur<br />

Sreebs. batonma malxazma Tqva,<br />

rom fundamentalizmi raRacis<br />

dacvis mcdelobaa. zogierTi<br />

postfundamentalistis an<br />

fundamentalizmis gammarTleblisTvis<br />

es tradiculi Temis<br />

da tradiciuli Rirebulebebis<br />

dacvaa, vinaidan liberalizmi<br />

angrevs tradiciul Tems,<br />

sadac yvelaferi cxadia _<br />

arsebobs uryevi avtoriteti<br />

da uryevi normebi. Tavisuflebis<br />

kulti angrevs am Tems<br />

imitom, rom adamiani SekiTxvebis<br />

dasmas iwyebs. SekiTxvebis<br />

ardasmis komforti arsebobs<br />

TemSi da misi dangreva fsiqologiur<br />

stresebs iwvevs. es is<br />

emociaa, romelic, farTo gagebiT,<br />

yvelanair antiliberalur<br />

reaqcias udevs safuZvlad.<br />

kidev erTi mniSvnelovani<br />

faqti isaa, rom fundamentalizmi<br />

aris warumateblobis<br />

gamoxatuleba, `neudaCnikebis~<br />

filosofia. aviRoT iranis<br />

magaliTi. arsebobs mosazreba,<br />

rom iranis Sahi cdilobda<br />

zemodan ZaliT daemkvidrebina<br />

dasavluri Rirebulebebi, es<br />

iyo misi Secdoma da amitom ar<br />

gamouvida, magram igive gaakeTa<br />

aTa Turqma. aTa Turqma es<br />

SeZlo, iranis Sahma _ vera.<br />

TurqeTma raRacnairad SeZlo<br />

warmatebuli modernizacia.<br />

Turqebis kritikul raodenobas<br />

miaCnia, rom maTi modernizacia<br />

warmatebulia da maTTvis<br />

is Seuracxmyofeli aRar aris.<br />

fundamentalizmi aris im xalxebis,<br />

erebis, qveynebis mimdinareoba,<br />

romlebmac modernizaciisgan<br />

xeiri ver naxes da<br />

amis gamo Seuracxyofilebi<br />

aRmoCndnen modernizaciis<br />

procesiT. Cemi azriT, es aris<br />

realuri fsiqologiuri Ziri.<br />

beqa mindiaSvili: modiT,<br />

konkretul adamianebamde<br />

daviyvanoT problema.<br />

ra uflebebs arTmevs<br />

adamians fundamentalizmi?<br />

gia nodia: adamians aqvs individad<br />

yofnis ufleba. es niSnavs,<br />

rom individs aqvs Rirebuleba.<br />

adamiani imitom aris<br />

Rirebuli, rom individia. es<br />

sruliad ewinaaRmdegeba ginda<br />

qristianul, ginda islamur<br />

fundamentalizms, iq Rirebuli<br />

aris Temi da is, rac Tems kravs.<br />

beqa mindiaSvili: aseTi<br />

suraTi Seiqmna: erT mxares<br />

liberalizmi, modernizacia,<br />

globalizaciis<br />

procesi, da meore mxares<br />

fundamentalizmi, misgan<br />

gamomdinare SedegebiT.<br />

maT Soris ufskrulia.<br />

rogor fiqrobT, kidev<br />

ufro mZafri Sejaxeba<br />

garduvalia Tu rogorme<br />

SesaZlebelia saerTo<br />

enis gamonaxva?<br />

gia nodia: holandiaSi aris<br />

politikuri partiebi, romle-<br />

15<br />

15<br />

bicprotestantul-fundamentalisturia. isini qalebs<br />

manqaniT siaruls ukrZalaven<br />

(ise, qalebis sakiTxi fundamentalistebSi<br />

marTla mZime sakiTxia),<br />

Sinaganad avtoritarulebi<br />

arian, liberalur Rirebulebebs<br />

uaryofen, magram<br />

amave dros warmodgenilni<br />

arian pluralistul parlamentSi.<br />

aqvT xmebis procenti Tu<br />

procentnaxevari, garkveul<br />

morigebebSi Sedian sxvadasxva<br />

partiebTan, rodesac xmaTa<br />

umravlesobis miRwevaa saWiro<br />

da a.S. mokled, napovni aqvT<br />

Tavisi adgili. amerikaSi, pensilvaniis<br />

StatSi aliSebi,<br />

principSi, fundamentalisturi<br />

seqtaa. maTTvis ar SeiZleba<br />

eleqtroenergiis moxmareba,<br />

qorwineba mxolod garigebiT<br />

xdeba, Temis winaSe adamians ar<br />

aqvs aranairi pirovnuli ufleba.<br />

dRes maTi yofis sanaxavad<br />

Cadian turistebi. aliSebi<br />

ewevian mebaReobas. produqtebiT<br />

vaWroba da turizmia maTi<br />

Semosavlis wyaro. sakuTar<br />

fundamentalizms yidian. maTi<br />

fundamentalizmi gasayid<br />

saqonlad iqca. maTac ipoves<br />

Tavisi adgili _ isini turistuli<br />

industriis nawili gaxdnen.<br />

holandiaSi ki fundamentalisturi<br />

partiebi politikuri<br />

pluralizmis sistemis<br />

nawilad iqcnen.<br />

saudis arabeTic fundamentalisturia,<br />

magram maT `im sazizRar<br />

amerikasTan~ pragmatuli<br />

TvalsazrisiT kargi urTierTobebi<br />

aqvT. ase rom, samSvidobo<br />

xelSekrulebebi SesaZlebelia,<br />

magram es mainc<br />

Tavisufali samyaros Zalis<br />

Sedegia. SeiZleba im holandiel<br />

fundamentalistebs urCevniaT,<br />

rom holandiaSi ar iyos<br />

demokratia da arc erTi qali<br />

ar dadiodes manqaniT, magram<br />

xedaven, rom amdens ver `qaCa-<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

dialogi<br />

ven~, rom holandielTa umravlesobas<br />

es ar surs. isini iZulebulni<br />

arian Seeguon arafundamentalisturisazogadoebis<br />

arsebobas da raRac Tavisi<br />

niSa monaxon am samyaroSi.<br />

beqa mindiaSvili: ra<br />

SeiZleba sazogadoebam<br />

gaakeTos fundamentalizmis<br />

jer sakuTar<br />

TavSi, Semdeg sazogadoebaSi<br />

dasaZlevad?<br />

malxaz sonRulaSvili: vfiqrob,<br />

is, ramac SeiZleba fundamentalizmi<br />

dagvaZlevinos,<br />

ganaTlebaa. sxva gzas da saSualebas<br />

ver vxedav. religiuri,<br />

saero, sasuliero, sabunebismetyvelo<br />

ganaTleba, saRi<br />

rwmena, saRi warmodgena rwmenis<br />

Sesaxeb _ es aris saSveli.<br />

aseve Zalian mniSvnelovania<br />

anTropologiuri sakiTxi _ ras<br />

warmoadgens adamiani? Tu religiurad<br />

adamianis adgili gamoikveTeba,<br />

maSin yvelaferi Tavis<br />

adgils daikavebs. aq iTqva, rom<br />

islami moderTan da postmodernTan<br />

Tavsebadi ver xdeba.<br />

ra aris amis ZiriTadi mizezi?!<br />

Tu virwmunebT, rom qali adamiani<br />

ar aris da, rodesac gardaicvleba,<br />

qmarze 40 santimetriT<br />

dabla unda daimarxos,<br />

aseTi xedva adamianis anTropologiur<br />

sistemasac gansaz-<br />

Rvravs da samyarosa da sxva<br />

civilizaciebTan urTierTobazec<br />

aisaxeba. imas, rac Cvens<br />

sazogadoebaSi xdeba (mxedvelobaSi<br />

maqvs religiuri fundamentalizmi),<br />

ori ram asazrdoebs:<br />

religiuri miTologia<br />

da gaunaTlebloba. sasuliero<br />

pirebs ar aqvT jerovani<br />

ganaTleba arc im sarwmunoeba-<br />

Si, romelsac isini emsaxurebian<br />

da arc im sarwmunoebaSi,<br />

romelTanac urTierToben.<br />

gamosavali _ saero sazogado-<br />

anastasia zaqariaZe<br />

ebis ukompromiso pozicia<br />

fundamentalizmis mimarT da<br />

meore ganaTlebis SesaZleblobis<br />

micema yvelasTvis.<br />

beqa mindiaSvili: SeiZleba<br />

Cveni sazogadoebis<br />

daxasiaTeba rogorc<br />

religiuris da fundamentalizmiskenmidrekilis?<br />

ramdenad SeiZleba<br />

saqarTvelos emuqrebodes,<br />

erTi mxriv, qristianuli<br />

da, meore mxriv,<br />

politikuri fundamentalizmis<br />

safrTxe?<br />

anastasia zaqariaZe: imedi<br />

maqvs, rom is keTili marcvali,<br />

romelic CvenSia genetikurad<br />

Cadebuli, fundamentalizmisken<br />

gadaxris saSualebas ar<br />

mogvcems! me mainc optimisti<br />

var da raRacis imedi maqvs,<br />

upirveles yovlisa imis, rom<br />

qarTveli adamiani Tavisi arsiT<br />

Tavisufali da Tavisuflebisken<br />

midrekilia.<br />

gia nodia: biologiuri genetika<br />

igulisxmeba?!<br />

malxaz sonRulaSvili: arabi<br />

Tavis arsiT ratom ar aris<br />

Tavisufali? modiT, vimsje-<br />

16<br />

16<br />

loT amaze, rogor SeiZleba<br />

qarTveli TavisTavad iyos<br />

Tavisufali da ar iyos midrekili<br />

fundamentalizmisken?<br />

mgoni, es kidev erTi miTia, romelic<br />

Cven TviTon movigoneT.<br />

anastasia zaqariaZe: Tu asea,<br />

keTili miTia, uwyinari.<br />

malxaz sonRulaSvili: bolomde<br />

uwyinari mainc ar aris.<br />

zurab daviTaSvili: aseTi<br />

ideebi Cveni saeklesio wreebis<br />

erT nawilSi Zalian gavrcelebulia<br />

da mosaxleobis raRac<br />

nawili ahyva amas. Tumca,<br />

axalgazrdobasTan maqvs saqme<br />

da ara mgonia, rom es seriozuli<br />

problema iyos. axalgazrdebi<br />

Zalian kargad xedaven<br />

fundamentalizmis uaryofiT<br />

mxares. rac dRes xdeba, xSir<br />

SemTxvevaSi, moCvenebiToba,<br />

religiurobis TamaSia, romelic,<br />

rogorc moda, male gaivlis<br />

da droebiTia. sxvanairad<br />

SeuZlebelia: ar SeiZleba Tan<br />

dasavluri Rirebulebebi<br />

mogwondes da Tan fundamentalizmis<br />

tyveobaSi iyo.<br />

gia nodia: vfiqrob, rom fundamentalizmis<br />

daZleva SeuZlebelia.<br />

aseTi amocana arc

unda davisaxoT, vinaidan is,<br />

rac fundamentalizmis ZirSi<br />

Zevs, adamianis bunebaSia. Tavisuflebis<br />

SiSi adamianis bunebaSia,<br />

iseve rogorc Suri, aRSfoTeba<br />

sxvisi warmatebiT.<br />

Sesabamisad, adamians yovelTvis<br />

endomeba, erTi mxriv,<br />

daupirispirdes Zalmosil<br />

liberalur samyaros, meore<br />

mxriv, yovelTvis iqnebian<br />

adamianebi, romlebisTvisac<br />

Tavisuflebis tvirTi Zalian<br />

mZimea da isini Seecdebian,<br />

raRac tipis fundamentalizmSi<br />

Cargon Tavi. religiuri fundamentalizmic,<br />

albaT, yovel-<br />

Tvis iarsebebs. Cemi azriT,<br />

amocana unda iyos fundamentalizmis<br />

gauvnebleba. fundamentalizmi<br />

yovelTvis iqneba,<br />

magram is ar unda warmoadgendes<br />

safrTxes. amisi erT-erTi<br />

wamali Tavisufali samyaros<br />

siZlierea; es Zalian primitiuli<br />

JRers, magram asea. vfiqrob,<br />

raRac niSebi fundamentalistebs<br />

unda darCeT. SemTxveviT<br />

ar mixsenebia holandia da<br />

amerika, iq fundamentalizmi<br />

uvnebelyofilia da Tavisi<br />

adgili aqvs. vidre is Tavis<br />

sazRvrebSia, ara uSavs.<br />

malxaz sonRulaSvili: Cemi<br />

dakvirvebiT, fundamentalisturi<br />

azrovneba yovelTvis<br />

umciresobaSia, islamSic ki,<br />

magram, gansxvavebiT liberaluri<br />

azrovnebisgan, yovelTvis<br />

ufro agresiuli da Tval-<br />

Sisacemia. gia ambobs, saWiroa<br />

maT sakuTari niSa hqondeTo.<br />

magram iseT sazogadoebaSi,<br />

sadac samoqalaqo sazogadoeba<br />

sustia, es didi safrTxis Semcvelia.<br />

fundamentalistebi<br />

Zalian agresiuli da aqtiuri<br />

masaa. SesaZloa umravlesoba<br />

liberaluri iyos, magram am<br />

agresiulma da aqtiurma masam<br />

Seqmnas amindi.<br />

beqa mindiaSvili: Tuki<br />

Tavisufali samyaro<br />

militaristuli TvalsazrisiT<br />

kidev ufro<br />

unda gaZlierdes, raTa<br />

fundamentalizmis<br />

agresia gaauvneblos,<br />

xom ar Seuqmnis es safr-<br />

Txes Tavad Tavisufal<br />

samyaros, anu, magali-<br />

Tad, aSS-is militaristuli<br />

politika safr-<br />

Txes xom ar Seuqmnis<br />

TviTon aSS-s?<br />

gia nodia: Tavisufali samyaro<br />

mudmivad safrTxeSi myofi<br />

samyaroa. Tavisufleba,<br />

rogorc po-litikuri proeqti,<br />

aramyari da saxifaTo<br />

proeqtia. Tavisufali<br />

samyaros problema is aris,<br />

rom, Tu Tavi ar daicva,<br />

araTavisufali garemo<br />

Caylapavs, da Tu TavdacvaSi<br />

zRvars gadavida, Tvi-Ton<br />

gaxdeba avtoritaruli. amitom<br />

balansi ar unda dairRves.<br />

rodesac amerikis demokratiis<br />

mamebi amerikas axali drois<br />

modelis respublikad afuZnebdnen,<br />

iTvaliswinebdnen, rom<br />

qveyana, erTi mxriv, unda iyos<br />

efeqturi da Zlieri, raTa Tavi<br />

daicvas da, meore mxriv,<br />

xelisufleba unda iyos susti,<br />

zurab daviTaSvili<br />

17<br />

17<br />

raTa ar daTrgunos<br />

moqalaqeebi. Tan Zlieri unda<br />

iyo, Tan susti _ es aris<br />

demokratiis formula, romelic<br />

erTxel da samudamod<br />

arasodes ganxorcieldeba da<br />

yoveli axali gamowvevisas<br />

axal niuanss SeiZens.<br />

beqa mindiaSvili: me-20<br />

saukunis meore naxevarSi<br />

dasavleTis sazogadoebam<br />

mZlavri sekularizacia<br />

ganicada. SesaZloa<br />

Tu ara fundamentalizmis<br />

gamowvevam Tavisufal<br />

samyaroSi religiis<br />

rolis gazrda gamoiwvios<br />

sazogadoebriv Tu<br />

politikur cxovrebaSi?<br />

gia nodia: sekularizacia<br />

xdeboda evropaSi, amerika<br />

arasodes gamxdara sekularuli<br />

qveyana. igi Zalian religiur<br />

qveyanad rCeba dResac. rac<br />

Seexeba evropas, SeiZleba religiurobis<br />

gaZliereba moxdes,<br />

magram es ufro identobis<br />

religiuroba iqneba, vidre<br />

WeSmariti religiuroba. Cemi<br />

azriT, evropaSi religiur<br />

fundamentalizmze reaqcia<br />

ufro nacionalizmis saxiT<br />

iCens Tavs.<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

dialogi<br />

malxaz sonRulaSvili: dasavleTSi<br />

mosalodnelia paradigmebis<br />

seriozuli cvlileba.<br />

saekleso gadasaxadis (razec<br />

idga saxelmwifo eklesia)<br />

gadaxdis msurvelTa raodenoba<br />

katastrofiulad klebulobs.<br />

sabolood es aucileblad<br />

migviyvans qristianobasTan,<br />

romelic me-20 saukuneSi<br />

gaCnda da evropaSi gulwrfeli<br />

qristianobis terminiT moixsenieben.<br />

es niSnavs, rom Sen qristiani<br />

xar ara imis gamo, rom<br />

safrangeTSi an norvegiaSi<br />

daibade, aramed imitom, rom<br />

arCevani moaxdine da ginda<br />

qristiani iyo.<br />

ver vityvi, rom dasvleTSi<br />

religiisadmi interesi klebulobs.<br />

amis safuZvels sociologiuri<br />

kvlevebi ar iZleva.<br />

piriqiT, zogadad religiis<br />

mimarT interesi matulobs.<br />

interesi klebulobs mxolod<br />

institucionaluri religiis<br />

mimarT. axla evropuli qristianuli<br />

Temebi da Teologebi<br />

imaze msjeloben, xom ar dadga<br />

dro, xelaxla iqnas gaazrebuli<br />

religiis roli postmodernul<br />

sazogadoebaSi.<br />

gia nodia: CvenTan saxelmwifo<br />

religiis ideis popularoba<br />

garkveul wreebSi kidev narCundeba.<br />

protestantul qveynebSi<br />

eklesias Zalian daTvuri samsaxuri<br />

gauwia religiis gasaxelmwifoebriobam.<br />

aman religiis<br />

decentralizacia gamoiwvia,<br />

is saxelmwifo instituts<br />

gauTanabrda. amas ki Tavis<br />

mxriv is mohyva, rom eklesia<br />

iqca im adgilad, sadac cxovrebaSi<br />

samjer midixar _ naTlobisas,<br />

qorwinebisas da gardacvalebisas.<br />

beqa mindiaSvili: dasasruls,<br />

Cveni saubari isev<br />

adamianis uflebebs rom<br />

davukavSiroT, e.w. karikaturebis<br />

skandals gavixseneb.<br />

sainteresoa mohyveba<br />

Tu ara adamianis<br />

uflebebis arsebuli standandartebis<br />

Sesusteba<br />

e.w. islamuri fundamentalizmis<br />

gaZlierebas?<br />

ra pasuxi SeiZleba gaeces<br />

im moTxovnebs, romelsac<br />

islami ayenebs evropuli<br />

sazogadoebis winaSe,<br />

rom raRacis, magaliTad,<br />

muhamedis portretuli<br />

gamosaxva, dauSvebelia<br />

aramarto islamis mimdevrebisTvis,<br />

aramed yvelasTvis.<br />

xom SeiZleba am<br />

tipis moTxovna sxva religiurma<br />

mimdinareobebmac<br />

wamoayenon da a.S.<br />

gia nodia: Cemi azriT, evropa-<br />

Si es procesebi saboloo jamSi<br />

gamoiwvevs liberalizmis, rogorc<br />

Seuvali religiuri faseulobis,<br />

gaazrebas. es iqceva<br />

identobis niSnad _ Tu Cven<br />

SegviZlia qristianul religiaze<br />

viSayiroT, ra uflebiT<br />

gveubnebian arabebi, muhamedze<br />

ar iSayiroTo. es ganwyobebi<br />

ufro gaZlierdeba. aq erTmaneTs<br />

Seejaxa ori liberaluri<br />

Rirebuleba: Zireuli liberaluri<br />

Rirebuleba _ gamoxatvis<br />

Tavisufleba da mesame Taobis<br />

liberaluri Rirebuleba _<br />

multikulturalizmi, anu<br />

ucxo kulturebis pativiscema.<br />

am ori Rirebulebis dapirispirebaSi,<br />

Cemi azriT, liberalur<br />

sazogadoebebSi Zireuli<br />

Rirebuleba, gamoxatvis Tavisufleba<br />

gaimarjvebs.<br />

beqa mindiaSvili: magram<br />

Tu amas is mohyveba,<br />

rom, magaliTad, TurqeT-<br />

Si moklaven ramdenime<br />

kaTolike sasuliero<br />

18<br />

18<br />

pirs, daniis saelCoebs<br />

daarbeven? am SemTxveva-<br />

Si ufro pragmatuli xom<br />

ar gaxdeba evropelTa<br />

midgoma?<br />

gia nodia: moklevadian perspeqtivaSi<br />

_ SesaZloa, magram<br />

sabolood ara mgonia.<br />

malxaz sonRulaSvili: sabolood,<br />

sikeTe gaimarjvebs.

giyvardeT<br />

Tqveni mtrebi<br />

martin luTer kingi, Targmna daviT gegeSiZem<br />

amerikeli baptisti presviteri da sazogado moRvawe<br />

martin luTer kingi samarTlianad iTvleba<br />

araZaladobis Teoriis klasikosad. borotebasTan<br />

ZalmomreobiT brZolaze uaris Tqmis dasabuTeba<br />

kingis, rogorc religiuri moZRvrisa da moazrovnis,<br />

cxovrebis mizans warmoadgenda. igi swored am<br />

zneobrivi kategoriis cxovrebaSi damkvidrebas<br />

Seewira.<br />

mTargmneli<br />

Tqven gsmeniaT, rom Tqmula: giyvardes moyvasi Seni da<br />

gZuldes mteri Seni. xilo me geubnebiT Tqven: giyvardeT<br />

Tqveni mterni, daloceT Tqveni mawyevarni, keTili uyaviT<br />

Tqvens moZuleT da iloceT Tqvensav mdevnelTa da SeuracxmyofelTaTvis.<br />

raTa iyoT Tqven Svilni mamis Tqvenis<br />

zecierisa...<br />

saxareba maTesi 5, 43-45.<br />

mcneba `giyvardeT Tqveni mterni~<br />

qristes mcnebebs Soris,<br />

marTlac, yovelTvis yvelaze<br />

rTuli iyo. zogierT adamians<br />

gulwrfelad swamda, rom realur<br />

cxovrebaSi misi ganxorcieleba<br />

SeuZlebelia. advilia<br />

imaTi siyvaruli, visac Sen<br />

uyvarxar, magram rogor SeiZleba<br />

giyvardes is, vinc farulad<br />

an aSkarad Senze gabatonebas<br />

cdilobs? zogi filosofosi,<br />

magaliTad nicSe, amtkicebda,<br />

iesos mowodeba _ giyvardeT<br />

Tqveni mtrebi _ imas adasturebs,<br />

rom qristianuli zneoba<br />

mSiSrebisa da sustebis<br />

19<br />

19<br />

King<br />

xvedria da ara mamacebisa da<br />

Zlierebis, ieso realur cxovrebas<br />

mowyvetili idealistiao.<br />

mwvave kiTxvebisa da mudmivi<br />

davis miuxedavad, iesos es<br />

mcneba CvenTvis kidev ufro<br />

met mniSvnelobas iZens. uwesrigobebisa<br />

da ajanyebebis<br />

mTelma wyebam Segvaxsena, rom<br />

Tanamedrove adamiani im gziT<br />

miemarTeba, romlis saxeli<br />

siZulvilia, rasac sikvdilisa<br />

da gankiTxvisaken, mudmivi<br />

tanjvisaken mivyavarT. mcneba<br />

`giyvardeT Tqveni mterni~ ar<br />

aris meocnebe utopistis<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

King<br />

RvTisnieri wadili, igi Cveni<br />

gadarCenis absoluturi pirobaa.<br />

siyvaruli mtrisadmic ki _<br />

ai, Cvens samyaroSi arsebuli<br />

yvela problemis gadawyvetis<br />

gasaRebi.<br />

ieso cxovrebas mowyvetili idealisti<br />

ki ar aris, aramed fxizeli<br />

realistia.<br />

me darwmunebuli var, iesos<br />

esmoda mTeli sirTule, rac<br />

misi mcnebis praqtikul ganxorcielebasTan<br />

iyo dakavSirebuli.<br />

is ar miekuTvneboda molaybeebs,<br />

romlebic amtkicebdnen,<br />

Tu ra advilia zneobrivi<br />

safuZvlebis dacva. man kargad<br />

icoda, rom siyvarulis grZnobis<br />

gamoxatva RmerTisadmi<br />

srul da usityvo morCilebas<br />

eyrdnoboda. amitom, roca ambobda,<br />

giyvardeT Tqveni mtrebio,<br />

swamda rom es mcneba udavoa<br />

da, miuxedavad yovelivesi, amisaken<br />

mouwodebda. Cveni, rogorc<br />

qristianebis, pasuxismgebloba<br />

is gaxlavT, rom avxsnaT<br />

am mowodebis arsi da movi-<br />

ZioT Cvens TavSi Zalebi, raTa<br />

yoveldRiurad mivsdioT mas.<br />

modiT, viyoT realistebi da<br />

vikiTxoT: rogor SeviyvaroT<br />

Cveni mtrebi?<br />

20<br />

20<br />

jer erTi, Cven sakuTar TavSi<br />

mitevebis unari unda ganvavi-<br />

TaroT. mitevebis Zalas moklebuli<br />

siyvarulis Zalasac<br />

moklebulia. Cvens gulSi ar<br />

moiZebneba adgili mtrebisadmi<br />

iotisodena siyvarulisTvisac<br />

ki, Tu Cven ver gavacnobierebT,<br />

ra aucilebelia viswavloT<br />

Sewynareba, imisi kvlav da<br />

kvlav patieba, visac ubedureba<br />

da tanjva moaqvs CvenTvis.<br />

amasTanave saWiroa mivxvdeT,<br />

rom unda miutevos yovelTvis<br />

dazaralebulma, tkivilisa da<br />

tanjvis ganmcdelma, autaneli<br />

usamarTlobis msxverplma,<br />

damcirebulma da Seuracxyofilma.<br />

Seuracxmyofels SeuZlia<br />

patiebis Txovna. mas isRa<br />

ZaluZs, gons moegos da uZRebi<br />

SviliviT iaros mtvriani<br />

gzebiT, mTrTolvare guliT,<br />

patiebas romaa mowyurebuli.<br />

yovlis miteveba _ ar aris imis<br />

ignorireba, rac moxda, es arc<br />

borotebis sikeTed warmodgenaa.<br />

es niSnavs, rom Cadenili<br />

boroteba ar warmoadgens<br />

dabrkolebas urTierTobis<br />

dasamyareblad. yovlis miteveba<br />

katalizatoria, romelic<br />

xels uwyobs axali cxovrebis<br />

dawyebisTvis aucilebeli<br />

atmosferos Seqmnas. yovlis<br />

miteveba tvirTisagan ganTavisuflebaa.<br />

sityvebs: `me gapatiebT<br />

Tqven, magram arasodes ar<br />

daviviwyeb, rac Tqven CaidineT~<br />

_ ar SeuZliaT mitevebis<br />

namdvili bunebis axsna. diax,<br />

adamians ar SeuZlia daviwyeba,<br />

Tuki daviwyeba imas niSnavs,<br />

rom warsuli mTlianad iSleba<br />

mexsierebidan. rodesac Cven<br />

mivutevebT, Cadenil borotebas<br />

viviwyebT im azriT, rom igi<br />

ukve aRar warmoadgens fsiqologiur<br />

dabrkolebas axal<br />

urTierTobaTa damyarebisaTvis.<br />

zustad aseve ar SegviZlia<br />

Cven vTqvaT: `me mogiteveb Sen,

magram, dReidan aRar minda<br />

gicnobde~. miteveba niSnavs<br />

Serigebas, xelaxal Serwymas.<br />

amis gareSe arcerT adamians ar<br />

SeuZlia Tavisi mtrebis Seyvareba.<br />

mitevebis xarisxi gansaz-<br />

Rvravs Cveni mtrebisadmi Cveni<br />

siyvarulis xarisxs.<br />

meorec. Cven unda gavigoT, rom<br />

boroteba, Cadenili Cveni moyvasi<br />

mtris mier, mizezi Cveni<br />

tanjvisa, arasodes ar asaxavs<br />

am adamianis mTel arsebas.<br />

sikeTis niSnebis povna uborotesi<br />

mtris xasiaTSic SeiZleba.<br />

Cven yvelani raRaciT vgavarT<br />

SizofreniiT daavadebulebs,<br />

gaorebuli pirovnulobisa da<br />

xasiaTis adamianebs, TiToeuli<br />

Cvenganis SigniT ukidegano<br />

samoqalaqo omi mZvinvarebs.<br />

raRac Sinagani Cvenc gvaiZulebs<br />

romaeli poetis ovidiusis<br />

msgavsad aRmogvxvdes: `me<br />

sikeTis momxre var, magram<br />

qcevebSi borotebiT vxelmZ-<br />

Rvanelob~, an daveTanxmoT<br />

platons, romelic ambobda,<br />

rom adamianuri xasiaTi es aris<br />

meetle, romelic or cxens<br />

marTavs da orTaveni sxvadasxva<br />

mxares ewevian etls, an<br />

mociqul pavlesTan erTad<br />

gavimeoroT: `ara romeli igi<br />

mnebavs keTili, mas vhyof,<br />

aramed romeli igi ara mnebavs<br />

boroti, mas viqm~.<br />

ubralod, es niSnavs, rom<br />

Cvengan yvelaze cudSic aris<br />

sikeTis nawili. aseve saukeTesoSic<br />

aris borotebis nawili.<br />

rodesac amas vacnobierebT,<br />

Cven ufro mimteveblebi vxdebiT<br />

Cveni mtrebis mimarT da<br />

naklebad gvZuls isini, rodesac<br />

ufro Rrmad vixedebiT problemis<br />

arsSi, veZebT boroti<br />

guliswadiliT Cadenilis<br />

mizezs, vpoulobT Cvens moyvas-mterSi<br />

sikeTis niSnebs da<br />

vxvdebiT, rom misi qmedebis<br />

mankiereba da borotganzraxuloba<br />

ar gviqmnis srul warmodgenas<br />

am adamianze. Cven mas<br />

axali TvaliT vuyurebT. vacnobierebT,<br />

rom misi siZulvili<br />

SiSis, qedmaRlobis, uvicobis,<br />

gaukuRmarTebuli rwmenis anda<br />

urTierTgagebis uqonlobis<br />

Sedegia. magram, miuxedavad<br />

amisa, viciT, rom yoveli adamiani<br />

sulis siRrmeSi RvTiur<br />

anabeWds atarebs da viwyebT<br />

Cveni mtrebis Seyvarebas, raki<br />

gvesmis, rom isini jer kidev ar<br />

arian mTlad xelidan wasulni<br />

da RmerTis yovlismxsneli siyvaruli<br />

SeiZleba maTac Seexos.<br />

mesame. unda veswrafodeT Cveni<br />

mtris ara damarcxebas an damcirebas,<br />

aramed masTan megobrobasa<br />

da urTierTgagebas. xdeba<br />

xolme, Cven Segvwevs Zala<br />

davamciroT Cveni uborotesi<br />

mteri. gardauvlad modis dro,<br />

rodesac misi sisuste vlindeba<br />

da saSualeba gveZleva CavceT<br />

mas gamarjvebis maxvili. magram<br />

es ar unda gavakeToT. TiToeuli<br />

Tqmuli sityva da gadadgmuli<br />

nabiji urTierTgagebis<br />

saZirkvelSi Cadebul agurad<br />

unda gadaiqces, raTa man<br />

gaaTavisuflos sikeTis is<br />

udidesi maragi, siZulvilis<br />

SeuRwevad kedelSi rom iyo<br />

dafluli.<br />

siyvarulis arsi ar SeiZleba<br />

gavaigivoT grZnobaTa sentimentalur<br />

gaziarebasTan. siyvaruli<br />

ufro Rrmaa, vidre emociuri<br />

layboba. SeiZleba am<br />

sakiTxSi berZnulma enam Seitanos<br />

sinaTle. axali aRTqmis<br />

berZnuli teqsti siyvarulis<br />

aRsaniSnavad sam sityvas<br />

xmarobs. `erosi~ aris esTetikuri,<br />

romantikuli siyvaruli.<br />

platonis dialogebSi `erosi~<br />

gulisxmobs sulis RvTaebriv<br />

ltolvas. meore sityva<br />

`filia~ niSnavs urTierTsiyva-<br />

21<br />

21<br />

ruls, suliermoyvareobas,<br />

megobarTa siaxloves. gviyvars<br />

isini, visac Cven vuyvarvarT,<br />

da gviyvars imitom, rom imaTac<br />

vuyvarvarT. mesame sityva<br />

`apare~ ki niSnavs Tanxmobasa<br />

da yvela adamians Soris<br />

RvTiur yovlismimteveblur<br />

damokidebulebas, usazRvro,<br />

Rvarad modenil uangaro<br />

grZnobas. `apare~ adamianTa<br />

gulebSi arsebuli RvTaebrivi<br />

siyvarulia: Cven imitom ki ar<br />

gviyvars adamianebi, rom isini<br />

an maTi saqcieli mogvwons, arc<br />

imitom, rom maTSi RvTiuri<br />

naperwkalia; Cven TiToeuli<br />

adamiani gviyvars imitom, rom<br />

igi RmerTs uyvars. Cven gviyvars<br />

adamiani, romelic Cadis<br />

borotebas, TumcaRa gvZuls<br />

misi namoqmedari.<br />

axla gvesmis, ras gulisxmobda<br />

ieso, roca ambobda: `giyvardeT<br />

Tqveni mterni~. kmayofili<br />

unda viyoT, rom man ar Tqva:<br />

mters simpaTiiT da gulisxmierebiT<br />

moepyariTo. zogierTi<br />

adamianis mimarT, ubralod,<br />

SeuZlebelia simpaTiisa da<br />

gulisxmierebis gamoCena. gulisxmiereba<br />

sentimentaluri da<br />

faqizi sityvaa. SeuZlebelia<br />

simpaTias vgrZnobdeT im adamianis<br />

mimarT, romelic ar<br />

malavs Tavis ganzraxvas _ Cveni<br />

gza siZneleebiT da dabrkolebebiT<br />

mohfinos da mogvspos<br />

Cven. SeuZlebelia mogvwondes<br />

adamiani, romelic Cveni<br />

bavSvebis sicocxlis xelmyofi<br />

da Cveni sacxovreblis<br />

damangrevelia. es SeuZlebelia,<br />

magram iesom gaiazra, rom<br />

`siyvaruli~ ufro metia, vidre<br />

`gulisxmiereba~ da `simpaTia~.<br />

gvibrZanebs ra, rom gviyvardes<br />

Cveni mtrebi, iesos ara aqvs mxedvelobaSi<br />

`erosi~ an `filia~;<br />

igi laparakobs `apares~ _ Tanxmobisa<br />

da yvela adamians Soris<br />

RvTaebrivi yovlismimteveblu-<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

King<br />

ri gulkeTilobis Sesaxeb.<br />

mxolod am gziT, mxolod aseTi<br />

siyvaruliT SeiZleba zeciuri<br />

mamis Svilebi gavxdeT.<br />

axla praqtikuli `rogoridan~<br />

Teoriul `ratomze~ gadavideT:<br />

ratom unda gviyvardes Cveni<br />

mtrebi? pirveli mizezi naTelia.<br />

siZulvilze siZulviliT<br />

pasuxi mxolod amravlebs<br />

siZulvils, amuqebs Rameul<br />

wyvdiads caze. wyvdiads ar<br />

SeuZlia wyvdiadze gamarjveba;<br />

mxolod sinaTles Seswevs amis<br />

Zala. siZulvili amravlebs<br />

siZulvils, Zaladoba amravlebs<br />

Zaladobas da sisastike<br />

amravlebs sisastikes, exveva ra<br />

ngrevis jojoxeTur xveulebSi.<br />

amitom, rodesac ieso ambobs:<br />

`giyvardeT Tqveni mterni~, igi<br />

gvitovebs gulSiCamwvdom da<br />

absoluturad gardauval<br />

mcnebas. gana Cven, adamianebi,<br />

ar moveqeciT im CixSi, romlidanac<br />

gamosavali mxolod<br />

mtrebis siyvarulSia? _ sxvanairad<br />

borotebis jaWvuri reaqcia<br />

gagrZeldeba, siZulvili<br />

dabadebs siZulvils, omebi<br />

dabadeben axal omebs, da Tu<br />

droze ar movegeT gons, yvelani<br />

urTierTganadgurebis Savbnel<br />

ufskrulSi CavcvivdebiT.<br />

kidev erTi mizezi, romlis<br />

gamoc Cven unda SeviyvaroT<br />

Cveni mtrebi: siZulvili gulze<br />

naiarevs tovebs da amaxinjebs<br />

adamianis pirovnebas. raki<br />

gvaxsovs, rom siZulvili borotebis<br />

Zalaa da amitom saSiSia,<br />

Cven Zalian xSirad vfiqrobT<br />

imaze, Tu ra moaqvs mas adamianisTvis,<br />

romliskenac is aris<br />

mimarTuli. es arc ise Zneli<br />

gasagebia, radgan siZulvili<br />

Tavis msxverpls aunazRaurebel<br />

zarals ayenebs. siZulvilis<br />

koSmaruli Sedegebi vixileT,<br />

roca eqvsi milioni ebraeli<br />

siZulviliT Sepyrobili<br />

SeSlili hitleris saxeliT<br />

awames da gaanadgures, da maSinac,<br />

roca siZulvilis talRa<br />

Savkanianebs daatydaT, siZulviliT<br />

gamZvinvarebuli, sisxlmowyurebuli<br />

brbos risxvad;<br />

amasve vxedavT omebis Savbnel<br />

koSmarebSi, usindiso mCagvrelebis<br />

mier milionobiT RvTis<br />

SvilTa Tavzardamcem damcirebaSi,<br />

maT mimarT Cadenil<br />

usamarTlobasa da danaSaulSi.<br />

magram arsebobs sakiTxis kidev<br />

erTi mxare, romelic araviTar<br />

SemTxvevaSi ar unda gamogvrCes<br />

mxedvelobidan _ siZulvili<br />

aranakleb momakvdinebelia<br />

imisaTvis, visac sZuls, rogorc<br />

Seucnobeli avTvisebiani simsivne<br />

_ siZulvili arRvevs adamianis<br />

pirovnebas da arTmevs<br />

obieqturad azrovnebis unars.<br />

igi aiZulebs mas, mSveniers<br />

sazareli uwodos, xolo sazarels<br />

mSvenieri, WeSmariteba<br />

sicrued miiRos, xolo sicrue<br />

WeSmaritebad.<br />

doqtor e. franklin frezers<br />

Tavis metad saintereso wignSi<br />

`rasobriv crurwmenaTa paTologia~<br />

mohyavs ramdenime<br />

magaliTi, rodesac TeTrebi,<br />

sxva TeTrebTan yoveldRiur<br />

urTierTobebSi normaluri,<br />

kacTmoyvare da Tavaziani<br />

adamianebi, logikurad azrovnebis<br />

unars kargavdnen an<br />

wanasworobidan gamodiodnen,<br />

rogorc ki sakiTxi SavkanianebisTvis<br />

Tanabari uflebebis<br />

miniWebas anda rasobrivi usamarTlobis<br />

faqtebs Seexeboda.<br />

aseTi ram maSin xdeba, rodesac<br />

Cvens gulebSi siZulvili<br />

daisadgurebs. fsiqiatrebi<br />

siZulvilSi Cvens qvecnobierebaSi<br />

mimdinare mravali saidumloebiT<br />

moculi procesis,<br />

Cveni mravali Sinagani konfliqtis<br />

mizezs xedaven. isini<br />

amboben: `iswavleT siyvaruli,<br />

22<br />

22<br />

Torem daiRupebiT~. Tanamedrove<br />

fsiqologia cnobs imas,<br />

rasac ieso mravali aseuli<br />

wlis winaT gvaswavlida: siZulvili<br />

angrevs pirovnebas, xolo<br />

siyvaruli, miuxedavad yvelafrisa,<br />

aucileblad amTlianebs<br />

mas.<br />

siyvaruli erTaderTi Zalaa,<br />

romelsac SeuZlia mteri moyvared<br />

aqcios. esaa mesame mizezi,<br />

romlis gamoc unda gviyvardes<br />

Cveni mtrebi. Cven verasodes<br />

davixsniT Tavs mtrebisagan,<br />

Tu siZulvils siZulviliTve<br />

vupasuxebT. Tu davZlevT<br />

mtrobis grZnobas, Tavs<br />

davixsniT mtrebisagan.<br />

linkolnma Seimecna siyvarulis<br />

Zala da kacobriobis istorias<br />

Serigebis gasaocari drama dautova.<br />

aSS-is prezidentis postze<br />

winasaarCevno brZolis<br />

dros misi erT-erTi uborotesi<br />

mteri iyo vinme stentoni.<br />

raRac mizezi aiZulebda stentons<br />

sZuleboda linkolni. igi<br />

yvelafers akeTebda imisaTvis,<br />

rom linkolni sazogadoebis<br />

TvalSi daemcirebina. linkolnisadmi<br />

misi siZulvili imdenad<br />

didi iyo, rom stentoni Tavis<br />

yvela gamosvlaSi abuCad igdebda<br />

mis garegnobas da cxared<br />

adanaSaulebda mas sxvadasxva<br />

mankierebaSi. magram yovelive<br />

amis miuxedavad, linkolni<br />

prezidentad airCies. da, ai,<br />

dadga dro ministrTa kabinetis<br />

dakompleqtebisa, romelSic<br />

arCevnebSi monawile linkolnis<br />

uaxloesi Tanamoazreni unda<br />

Sesuliyvnen. daiwyo Tanamdebobeze<br />

daniSvna. bolos dadga<br />

dRe, roca linkolns samxedro<br />

ministris metad sapasuxismgeblo<br />

postze unda daesaxelebina<br />

kandidati. rogor fiqrobT,<br />

vin daniSna linkolnma am postze?<br />

TviT stentoni. rogorc<br />

ki es ambavi cnobili gaxda,

prezidentis uaxloesi TanamebrZolni<br />

ukmayofilebam da<br />

mRelvarebam moicva. ras aRar<br />

eubnebodnen linkolns: `batono<br />

prezidento! Tqven Secdomas<br />

uSvebT! iciT Tu ara, ra kacia<br />

es stentoni? gsmeniaT Tu ara,<br />

ra sibilweebs laparakobda igi<br />

Tqvens Sesaxeb? igi Cveni mteria<br />

da yvelafers gaakeTebs<br />

imisaTvis, rom CaSalos Tqveni<br />

programis Sesruleba. gaiTvaliswineT<br />

Tu ara yovelive es,<br />

batono prezidento?~ linkolnis<br />

pasuxi lakoniuri iyo: `diax,<br />

me vicnob baton stentons. me<br />

mesmoda yvelaferi, rasac igi<br />

Cemze ambobda, magram amerikelebidan<br />

yvelaze metad igi<br />

esadageba am Tanamdebobas~. ase<br />

gaxda stentoni linkolnis<br />

mTavrobaSi samxedro ministri<br />

da fasdaudebeli samsaxuri<br />

gauwia xalxs da Tavis prezidents.<br />

ramdenime wlis Semdeg<br />

linkolni mokles. bevri keTili<br />

sityva iTqva prezidentis<br />

Sesaxeb. Cvens droSic milionobiT<br />

adamiani Tvlis mas udides<br />

amerikelad. magram yvela<br />

brwyinvale sityvaTa Soris,<br />

romelic abraam linkolnis<br />

Sesaxeb warmoiTqva, stentonis<br />

sityvas gansakuTrebuli adgili<br />

ukavia. stentoni im kacis<br />

cxedris winaSe idga, romelic<br />

odesRac sZulda, axla ki man<br />

dedamiwaze mcxovreb adamianTa<br />

Soris erT-erTi udidesi<br />

uwoda mas. `igi axla maradisobas<br />

ekuTvnis~, _ ganacxada<br />

stentonma. linkolns rom gaegrZelebina<br />

stentonis siZulvili,<br />

maSin oriveni Seurigebel<br />

mtrebad Cavidodnen saflavSi.<br />

magram liknolnma, mouxmo ra<br />

siyvarulis Zalas, mteri megobrad<br />

gadaaqcia. amave cxovrebiseulma<br />

poziciam saSualeba<br />

misca mas samoqalaqo omis um-<br />

Zimes dReebSi samxreTelebis<br />

misamarTiT keTili survilebi<br />

gamoeTqva. amiT gaognebuli<br />

erTi msmeneli qalis dasmul<br />

kiTxvaze linkolnma upasuxa:<br />

`madam, gana me ar vspob Cems<br />

mtrebs, roca maT Cems megobrebad<br />

gadavaqcev?~ swored es<br />

aris siyvarulis Zala.<br />

magram Cven axlave unda aRvniSnoT,<br />

rom mTavari mizezi,<br />

23<br />

23<br />

ris gamoc Cveni mtrebi unda<br />

gviyvardes, jer ar dagvisaxelebia.<br />

ufro Rrma mizezi pirdapiraa<br />

gamoTqmuli qristes<br />

sityvebSi: `giyvardeT Tqveni<br />

mterni ... raTa iyoT Tqven<br />

Svilni mamis Tqvenis zecierisa~.<br />

macxovari mogviwodebs<br />

davadgeT am rTul gzas imis-<br />

Tvis, rom RmerTTan gansakuTrebuli<br />

damokidebuleba davamyaroT.<br />

Cven yvelas SegviZlia<br />

mamazecieris Svilebi gavxdeT<br />

siyvarulis saSualebiT, romelic<br />

SeumCnevlad iqceva sinamdviled.<br />

Cveni mtrebi imitom<br />

unda gviyvardes, rom mxolod<br />

siyvarulis meoxebiT SegviZlia<br />

RmerTis wvdoma da misi<br />

siwmindis, mSvenierebis gancda.<br />

rasobriv urTierTobaTa krizisis<br />

gasagebad Cem mier naTqvamis<br />

mniSvneloba naTelia.<br />

rasobrivi problema arasodes<br />

ar gadawydeba, Tu daCagrulebi<br />

ar iswavlian TavianTi mtrebis<br />

siyvaruls. rasobrivi segregaciis<br />

wyvdiadis gandevna mxolod<br />

yovladSemwynarebel<br />

siyvaruls SeuZlia. ai ukve<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

King<br />

sami aseuli welia, rac amerikeli<br />

zangebi Cagvris rkinisebur<br />

uRelqveS itanjebian. diskriminaciis<br />

maxinj tvirTqveS<br />

daTrgunulebi, sasowarkveTilebamde<br />

miyvanilebi dRisiT,<br />

RamiT amaod cdiloben TavianT<br />

kiTxvebze pasuxis povnas. magram<br />

Tu ase gagrZelda, maSin<br />

axali wesrigi, romliskenac<br />

miviswrafiT, mxolod cotaTi<br />

Tu iqneba gansxvavebuli uwindelisgan.<br />

Cven udrekad da Tavmdablad,<br />

siyvaruliT unda SevxedoT<br />

siZulvils.<br />

rasakvirvelia, es arapraqtikulia.<br />

cxovreba xom angariSsworebaa,<br />

sapasuxo dartymebis<br />

miyenebaa, urTierTobaa, romelic<br />

efuZneba kanons `adamiani<br />

adamianisTvis mgelia~. me vambob,<br />

rom iesom gvianderZa gviyvardes<br />

isini, romlebic gvtanjaven<br />

da gvCagraven Cven. vgavar<br />

me mociqulTa umravlesobas,<br />

realur cxovrebas mowyvetil<br />

idealistebs? SeiZleba Soreul<br />

momavalSi, ambobT Tqven,<br />

utopiis qveyanaSi, es idea cxovrebaSi<br />

ganxorcieldes, magram<br />

ara am mkacrsa da civ samyaro-<br />

Si, romelSic vcxovrobT.<br />

Cemo megobrebo! Cven ukve didi<br />

xania mivdivarT egreT wodebuli<br />

praqtikuli gziT, ramac<br />

uwesrigobamde da qaosamde<br />

migviyvana. istoria savsea daRupuli<br />

civilizaciebis magali-<br />

TebiT, romlebmac nebaze miuSves<br />

siZulvili da Zaladoba. es<br />

ar niSnavs imas, rom Cven uari<br />

vTqvaT samarTlian brZolaze.<br />

Cvens gankargulebaSi myofi<br />

Zala, mTeli Cveni Zal-Rone<br />

unda mivmarToT Cveni xalxis<br />

segregaciis winaaRmdeg, saSineli<br />

uRlisgan misi ganTavisuflebisken.<br />

magram brZolis<br />

dros Cven arasdros ar vityviT<br />

uars siyvarulze _ es Cveni<br />

privilegia da movaleobaa.<br />

gvZuls ra rasobrivi segregacia,<br />

Cven gveyvareba isini, vinc<br />

mis ukan dgas. es aris siyvarulze<br />

dafuZnebuli sazogadoebis<br />

Seqmnis erTaderTi gza.<br />

Cven vetyviT Cvens yvelaze Seurigebel<br />

mtrebs: Tqvens unars<br />

_ mogvayenoT tanjva, Cven<br />

davupirispirebT Cvens unars _<br />

avitanoT tanjva. rogorc ar<br />

unda mogveqceT, mainc gveyvarebiT.<br />

arasodes davemorCilebiT<br />

Tqvens usamarTlo kanonebs,<br />

rameTu borotebisadmi<br />

daumorCilebloba iseTive<br />

moraluri movaleobaa, rogoric<br />

sikeTisaTvis xelis Sewyoba.<br />

CagvyareT cixeebSi, Cven<br />

mainc Zveleburad gveyvarebiT.<br />

daangrieT Cveni sacxovreblebi<br />

da daemuqreT Cveni bavSvebis<br />

sicocxles, Savbnel RameSi<br />

mogvigzavneT niRbiani mkvlelebi<br />

da moZaladeebi, rom<br />

cemiT migvasikvdilon, Cven<br />

mainc gveyvarebiT; magram gjerodeT,<br />

Cven gavimarjvebT<br />

Tqvenze Cveni unariT avitanoT<br />

tanjva, da mova dRe, rodesac<br />

movipovebT Tavisuflebas,<br />

magram es iqneba Tavisufleba<br />

ara mxolod CvenTvis, Cven ise<br />

SevevedrebiT Tqvens gulsa da<br />

gonebas, rom maT Cvens mxareze<br />

gadmoviyvanT da Cveni gamarjveba<br />

ormag gamarjvebad<br />

gadaiqceva.<br />

siyvaruli maradiuli Zalaa<br />

samyaroSi. es SemoqmedebiTi<br />

Zala, romlis SesaniSnav magali-<br />

Tad ieso qristes cxovreba<br />

gvevlineba, kacobriobis xelSi<br />

mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis-<br />

Tvis brZolis saSualebas<br />

warmoadgens. amboben, rom<br />

napoleon bonapartes, omis<br />

udides genioss, warsulis<br />

gaxsenebisas uTqvams: `aleqsandre<br />

makedonelma, iulius<br />

cezarma, karlos didma da me<br />

SevqmeniT udidesi imperiebi,<br />

24<br />

24<br />

magram ras efuZnebodnen isini?<br />

isini efuZnebodnen Zalas.<br />

saukuneebis win ki iesom Tavisi<br />

samefos Seqmna daiwyo, romelic<br />

siyvaruls efuZneboda, da<br />

dResac milionebi mzad arian<br />

misTvis daixocnon~. Znelia ar<br />

daeTanxmo am sityvebs. ukve<br />

aRar arian warsulis didi<br />

mxedarTmTavrebi da maTi<br />

imperiebic ferflad iqcnen.<br />

mxolod iesos samefo, efuZneba<br />

ra siyvaruls, Zveleburad<br />

uvnebelia da myarad dgas. mas<br />

saZirkveli xeldasxmulTa<br />

mcirericxovanma jgufma Cauyara,<br />

romelmac RmerTis wyalobiT<br />

SeZlo romis imperiis<br />

safuZvlebi Seeryia da iesos<br />

moZRvreba mTeli kacobriobis<br />

sakuTrebad eqcia. dRes qristes<br />

samefo dedamiwaze _ es<br />

yvela erisa da erovnebis 900<br />

000 000 adamiania.<br />

ieso yovelTvis marTalia, istoriis<br />

mindvrebi gadaTeTrebulia<br />

xalxTa ZvlebiT, romlebmac<br />

uari Tqves, moesminaT<br />

misTvis. Cven, meoce saukunis<br />

adamianebma, sanam gvian ar<br />

aris, unda SevisminoT macxovrisa<br />

da mis kvals gavyveT.<br />

mTeli pasuxismgeblobiT unda<br />

gavacnobieroT, rom verasodes<br />

gavxdebiT Cveni zeciuri mamis<br />

Svilebi, Tu ar SeviyvarebT<br />

Cvens mtrebs da ar vilocebT<br />

imaTTvis, romlebic gvdevnian<br />

(gadmoibeWda Jurnalis `saunje~ 1994<br />

wlis 1-2 nomridan).

gadmocema gvauwyebs, rom 1517<br />

wlis 31 oqtombers avgustinelma<br />

berma da Teologiis<br />

profesorma martin luTerma<br />

vitenbergis eklesiis mTavari<br />

Sesasvlelis karze indulgenciebis<br />

winaaRmdeg Sedgenili<br />

`95 Tezisi~ miaWeda, rac, zogis<br />

azriT, mxolod legendaa. magram<br />

faqtia, rom 95 muxlisgan<br />

Semdgarma am dokumentma dasabami<br />

daudo religiur da socialur<br />

moZraobas, romelsac<br />

reformaciis saxeliT vicnobT<br />

da romelmac gadamwyveti roli<br />

iTamaSa dasavleTis sazogadoebis<br />

Semdgom ganviTarebaSi, im<br />

socialur-ekonomikuri sistemis<br />

CamoyalibebaSi, romelic,<br />

albaT, kidev didxans gansazRvravs<br />

Tanamedrove dasavluri<br />

(da ukve ara marto dasavluri)<br />

kulturis gzas.<br />

luTeris kritikis mTavari<br />

sagani kaTolikuri eklesiis<br />

mier SemoRebuli praqtika Seiqna,<br />

romlis mixedviTac adamians<br />

SeeZlo codvebis gamosasyidi<br />

furceli _ indulgencia _<br />

eyida. ukve am etapze luTeris<br />

kritika ara marto religiur-<br />

Teologiuria, aramed socialuric,<br />

rac ase damaxasiaTebelia<br />

mTeli protestanizmisaTvis.<br />

erTi mxriv, luTers is aRizi-<br />

martin luTeri<br />

da reformacia<br />

luka naxucriSvili<br />

anebda, rom codvebis gamosyidvas<br />

aseTi primitiuli, arasulieri<br />

xerxiT cdiloben, qristianuli<br />

suliskveTebis sruli<br />

gaukuRmarTebiT (religiuri<br />

mizezi), meore mxriv ki _ is,<br />

rom indulgenciebiT Semosuli<br />

uzarmazari Tanxa an samRvdelo<br />

pirebis jibeebSi midioda (socialur-ekonomikuri<br />

mizezi),<br />

anda romis wminda petres<br />

taZris mSeneblobas xmardeboda;<br />

amaT Soris ki, luTeris<br />

azriT, didi gansxvaveba ar iyo,<br />

rac bevrma Cvenganma SeiZleba<br />

25<br />

25<br />

religiebi saqarTveloSi<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

religiebi saqarTveloSi<br />

ar gaiziaros, roca wm. petres<br />

taZars, xelovnebis am Sedevrs<br />

SevyurebT. magram luTeris da<br />

kidev ufro metad sxva protestantuli<br />

moZraobebis TavkacTa<br />

(mag., kalvinis) cnobierebaSi<br />

momwifebuli es skeptikuri<br />

da lamis mtruli damokidebuleba<br />

qandakebis, religiuri<br />

saxviTi xelovnebis, xatebis<br />

mimarT sruliad gasagebia,<br />

vinaidan, germaneli filosofosis<br />

_ hegelis cnebebiT rom<br />

vTqvaT, im droisaTvis kaTolikuri<br />

eklesiis SigniT srul<br />

garegnulobas daesadgurebina.<br />

es ki niSnavs, rom iman, rac,<br />

qristianuli moZRvrebis Tanaxmad,<br />

yvelaze gasulierebuli da<br />

gaSinaganebuli unda yofiliyo<br />

_ codvebis miteveba, sinanuli<br />

_ erTob materialuri da<br />

amqveyniuri saxe miiRo (yovel<br />

SemTxvevaSi, luTeris azriT),<br />

xSirad _ maRali donis xelovnebis<br />

nimuSebSi gamovlenili.<br />

magram, hegelis TqmiT, es<br />

xelovneba ar iyo sakmarisi<br />

kaTolikuri eklesiis sulieri<br />

ganwmendisaTvis, radgan igi<br />

naklebad efuZneboda religiur<br />

gancdas da mxolod<br />

garegnulad, zedapirulad<br />

exeboda religiur sferos.<br />

garda imisa, rom indulgenciebi<br />

korufciis wyaro iyo da<br />

adamianis religiur gancdas<br />

ryvnida, maT winaaRmdeg galaSqrebisaTvis<br />

luTers kidev<br />

erTi fundamenturi Teologiuri<br />

mizezi hqonda: misi azriT,<br />

SeuZlebelia sakuTari ZalisxmeviT,<br />

Tundac yvelaze keTili<br />

saqmeebiT, RvTis madli daimsaxuro;<br />

es mxolod RmerTzea<br />

damokidebuli da, amdenad,<br />

indulgenciebi da nebismieri<br />

sxva, ufro sulieri praqtikac,<br />

sasufevels ver mogvapovebinebs,<br />

da, saerTodac, qristianis<br />

zrunva, misi namuSakari<br />

saiqio `keTildReobis~ uzrun-<br />

velyofas ki ar unda isaxavdes<br />

miznad, aramed saaqaosTvisve<br />

unda iyos sasargeblo, sikeTis<br />

momtani da saaqaos im pozitiurobis<br />

damadasturebeli,<br />

romelic absoluturia, sanam<br />

saiqio arsebobaSi ar gadavsulvarT.<br />

qristianis, codvilis<br />

dasayrdeni mxolod da mxolod<br />

RvTis rwmenaa (yovelgvari<br />

ritualis Sesrulebis gareSe),<br />

risTvisac gansakuTrebuli<br />

mniS-vneloba eniWeba qristes<br />

jvars, rogorc, SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />

im paradoqsis erTgvar<br />

sarkes, rom, rac ar unda RvTisnierad<br />

icxovro, RmerTis Seuryev<br />

nebazea sabolood yvelaferi<br />

damokidebuli, da, romelic<br />

erTaderTi asazrdoebs<br />

qristianSi RmerTis samarTlianobis<br />

rwmenismier gancdas.<br />

luTeris Tezisebis gavrcelebas<br />

mohyva misi devna kaTolikuri<br />

samRvdeloebis mxridan.<br />

protestanti beri da profesori<br />

sakuTari qarizmiTa Tu<br />

keTilmosurne mmarTvelebis<br />

daxmarebiT axerxebda xelidan<br />

dasxltomoda mowinaaRmdegeT<br />

da vormsis samsjavrodanac,<br />

romelSic Tavad imperatori<br />

karl V monawileobda, Tavis<br />

cocxlad daRweva SeZlo, ris<br />

Semdegac, ukve eklesiidan gankveTili,<br />

malulad dabinavda<br />

vartburgis cixesimagreSi,<br />

sadac germanulad Targmna<br />

biblia.<br />

bibliis sruli Tu arasruli<br />

Targmanebi manamdec arsebobda,<br />

magram isini an ar mihqondaT<br />

ubralo xalxamde, an maTTvis<br />

gasagebi germanuliT ar iyo<br />

dawerili. luTeris bibliam ki,<br />

romelic xalxuri, cocxali<br />

germanuliT iyo naTargmni da<br />

gutenbergis mier gamogonili<br />

beWdvis revoluciuri meqanizmis<br />

wyalobiT germaniaSi swrafad<br />

gavrcelda, yvelas misca<br />

26<br />

26<br />

saSualeba qristianobis uZiri-<br />

Tades wyaroSi Seemowmebina<br />

mRvdlis mier naqadagebi, rac<br />

Zalze xSirad ar emTxveoda<br />

imas, rac bibliaSi ewera _ arakeTilsindisieri<br />

saeklesio<br />

pirebi TavianTTvis sasargeblod<br />

cvlidnen xolme wminda<br />

werilis teqsts, rasac xalxi<br />

laTinuris arcodnis gamo ver<br />

xvdeboda.<br />

amdenad, bibliis Targmna umniSvnelovanesi<br />

movlena iyo, magram<br />

ara ubralod imitom, rom amieridan<br />

xalxi biblias misTvis<br />

nacnob enaze waikiTxavda, aramed<br />

imitom, rom isini amas TavianT<br />

mSobliur enaze waikiTxavdnen,<br />

rac religiuri Sinaarsis<br />

gaSinaganebisa da kaTolikuri<br />

sulieri cxovrebis<br />

reformaciisaken gadadgmuli<br />

pirveli didi nabiji iyo. sityvam,<br />

rogorc qmediTma sulierma<br />

Zalam, da qristianuli<br />

religiis umTavresma atributma<br />

Tavisi adgili daibruna im<br />

RvTismsaxurebaSi, romelic<br />

aqamde mrevlisaTvis ucxo enaze<br />

tardeboda da mas verafers<br />

`Seagonebda~. luTerma upiratesoba<br />

mSobliur enaze qadagebas<br />

mianiWa. mTavari gaxda<br />

ara ziarebis rituali, romelic<br />

ufro metad garegnuli qmedeba<br />

iyo, vidre Sinagani, aramed _<br />

qadagebis mosmena, romelic<br />

aRgavsebs RvTis sityviT da<br />

sulierad aRgamaRlebs. reformirebul<br />

eklesiebSi Semcirda<br />

xatebis raodenoba, samagierod<br />

gaizarda musikis roli, rogorc<br />

yurisTvis gamiznuli xelovnebisa,<br />

romelic mosmenasa<br />

da Sesmenazea orientirebuli,<br />

da ramac umaRlesi gamoxatuleba<br />

baxis Tavidan bolomde<br />

luTeranuli suliskveTebiT<br />

gajerebul musikaSi pova, sadac<br />

warmatebiTaa Serwymuli sityva<br />

da melodia da sadac saxareba<br />

_ sityva _ imRereba.

evangelur-luTeranuli<br />

evangelur-luTeranuli<br />

eklesiis eklesiis Camoyalibeba<br />

Camoyalibeba<br />

XVI saukunis 20-ian wlebSi<br />

luTeris Txzulebebma mTel<br />

imperiaSi misca biZgi reformatorul<br />

moZraobas, rac sabolood<br />

saeklesio ganxeTqilebi-<br />

Ta da luTeranuli eklesiis<br />

warmoqmniT dasrulda. es ki<br />

luTeris Tavdapirvel ganzraxvas<br />

ar Seesabameboda: misi<br />

mizani mTeli kaTolikuri<br />

(`sayovelTao~) eklesiis<br />

gardaqmna iyo, magram reforma<br />

mxolod CrdiloeT evropaSi<br />

ganxorcielda. 1530 wels augsburgSi<br />

germanelma didebulebma<br />

miiRes dokumenti _<br />

Confessio Augustana, romelSic<br />

reformirebuli sarwmunoebis<br />

Tezisebia Camoyalibebuli.<br />

amiT reformacia kidev ufro<br />

Sors wavida da aSkarad politikuri<br />

saxe miiRo. aman ki religiur-kulturul<br />

doneze<br />

kontrreformacia gamoiwvia<br />

(ramac kaTolicizmi ganamtkica),<br />

socialur-politikur<br />

doneze ki _ ocdaaTwliani omi<br />

protestantebsa da kaTolikeebs<br />

Soris, romlebic, novalisis<br />

TqmiT, reformaciis Semdeg<br />

erTmaneTs ufro daSordnen,<br />

vidre oriveni _ mahmadianebsa<br />

da kerpTayvanismcemlebs.<br />

luTeranuli moZRvrebis mTavari<br />

Semajamebeli dokumentebi<br />

aris luTeris gardacvalebis<br />

Semdeg mis nawerebze dayrdnobiT<br />

Sedgenili 1577 da 1580 wlebis<br />

konkordatebi, riTic luTeris<br />

momxreebs Soris warmoqmnili<br />

Teologiuri uTanxmoeba<br />

mogvarda da luTeranoba mkafiod<br />

gaemijna kalvinizms. am<br />

droisaTvis ukve bevrma eklesiam<br />

SeimuSava sakuTari arsebobis<br />

principi luTeris moZRvrebis<br />

mixedviT, mis mier dawyebuli<br />

protestantuli moZraobidan<br />

aRmocenebulma mimdina-<br />

reobebmac nabij-nabij Camoayalibes<br />

sakuTari doqtrinebi<br />

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi (inglisSi,<br />

skandinaviis saxelmwifoebSi,<br />

niderlandebSi, SveicariaSi)<br />

da, rogorc politikurad, ise<br />

religiuradac Tavi daixsnes<br />

papis morCilebisgan.<br />

evangelur-luTeranuli eklesiisa<br />

da, zogadad, yvela protestantuli<br />

moZraobisaTvis<br />

Semdegi oTxi punqtia uZiriTadesi:<br />

1. mxolod rwmeniT (sola<br />

fide) cxondeba adamiani da ara<br />

keTili saqmeebiT (romlebic<br />

SeiZleba angarebiTac keTdebodes);<br />

2. mxolod madliT (sola<br />

gratia) cxovndeba adamiani da<br />

ara sakuTari qmedebebiT; 3. mxolod<br />

qriste (solus Christus)<br />

aris morwmuneTa avtoriteti<br />

da araviTari eklesia; 4. mxolod<br />

wminda werili (sola scriptura)<br />

aris qristianuli rwmenis<br />

safuZveli da ara eklesiis<br />

tradicia.<br />

protestantul eklesiebSi<br />

Zalian Semcirebulia mRvdel-<br />

Ta raodenoba da zogierTi<br />

rituali mrevlis nebismierma<br />

wevrmac SeiZleba aRasrulos.<br />

reformirebul gaerTianebebs<br />

ar hyavT erTi meTauri, iseTi,<br />

rogoric kaTolikur samyaroSi<br />

aris qristes mier xeldasxmuli<br />

papi, radgan, maTes saxarebaze<br />

dayrdnobiT, ori adamianic<br />

ki, vinc qristes saxeliT<br />

Seikribeba, qristes mrevlia;<br />

amitom arc evqaristias sWirdeba<br />

oficialuri samRvdelo<br />

piri. Tumca, miuxedavad imisa,<br />

rom protestantizmSi eklesia<br />

SigniT aris gadatanili da<br />

amiT religiuri grZnoba ufro<br />

gasulierebulia, Tavad protestantul<br />

samyaros Seuqmna<br />

uzarmazari problema eklesiis,<br />

rogorc garegani instituciis,<br />

rolis dakninebam,<br />

radgan reformaciiT gamowve-<br />

27<br />

27<br />

uli erTgvari religiuri<br />

individualizaciis Sedegad<br />

Tavi iCina uamravma qvedajgufebam<br />

Tu sulac marto mdgomma<br />

vizionerma, romelic qristianobis<br />

gagebis sakuTar interpretacias<br />

iZleoda.<br />

drodadro reformirebul eklesias<br />

religiuri separatizmis<br />

niadagze aRmocenebul<br />

problemebs uqmnida moZraoba<br />

pietizmi. es moZraoba warmoiSva<br />

rogorc reaqcia yvelafris<br />

racionalizebis mosurne da<br />

ganmajadoebeli ganmanaTleblobis<br />

winaaRmdeg. vinaidan<br />

religias Tavisi rwmenis sagnis<br />

racionalurad ganmartebasa da<br />

dasabuTebas sTxovdnen, pietistebma<br />

TavianT rwmenaSi swored<br />

grZnobierebaze gadaitanes<br />

aqcenti da qristesTan emociuri,<br />

piraduli kavSiri daayenes<br />

pirvel adgilze. Tanac,<br />

luTeranuli rwmenis gaxevebasa<br />

da dogmatizebas daupirispirda<br />

swored specifikurad<br />

luTeranuli pietizmi, romlis<br />

novatoruli da Tavisufali<br />

suliskveTeba xSirad socialur-politikur<br />

problemebs<br />

qmnida, metadre pietistur<br />

viurtembergSi, sadac Svabebi<br />

cxovroben.<br />

Svabi Svabi luTeranebi<br />

luTeranebi<br />

luTeranebi<br />

saqarTveloSi<br />

saqarTveloSi<br />

saqarTveloSi<br />

XIX saukunis damdegs viurtembergSi<br />

erT xelmarjve ostats<br />

saaTi daemzadebina, romlis<br />

ciferblatze samyaros sxvadasxva<br />

dro iyo gamosaxuli.<br />

saaTis meqanizmi ise iyo<br />

mowyobili, rom igi 1836 wels<br />

unda gaCerebuliyo Semdegi<br />

mizeziT: miuxedavad ganmanaTlebluri<br />

ideebis gavrcelebisa,<br />

maSin jer kidev ar arsebobda<br />

bibliis kritikuli wakiTxvis<br />

praqtika. pietistma Teo-<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

religiebi saqarTveloSi<br />

logma albrext bengelma ioanes<br />

gamocxadebaSi moyvanil<br />

ricxvebze dayrdnobiT gamoiTvala<br />

qristes meored mosvlis<br />

TariRi _ 1836 weli. am apokalifsur,<br />

esqatologiur ganwyobas<br />

upirveles yovlisa napoleonis<br />

omebi amZafrebda. napoleoni<br />

aRiqmeboda rogorc<br />

borotebis niSani, rogorc<br />

dasavleTidan mosuli antiqriste.<br />

amitom zogni imedis<br />

TvaliT iyurebodnen aRmosavleTisaken,<br />

sadac ruseTis cari<br />

_ sinaTlis personifikacia _<br />

mefobda da saidanac, wminda<br />

werilis mixedviT, unda<br />

mosuliyo qriste, kerZod, is<br />

ierusalimSi unda dabrZanebuliyo.<br />

Svabi pietistebi xvdebodnen,<br />

rom, marTalia, ukve<br />

veRar moaswrebdnen macxovris<br />

rCeulTa legionSi moxvedras _<br />

es ukve Zalian dagvianebuli<br />

iyo, magram aRmosavleTisaken<br />

msvlelobas da sadme ierusalimis<br />

axlomaxlo dabanakebas<br />

raRa udga win! mogzaurobis<br />

miznad araratis mTa airCies,<br />

sadac Tavis droze, warRvnis<br />

dros, noes kidobani gaCerda.<br />

religiuris garda Svabebs aRmosavleTisaken<br />

gezis aRebis kidev<br />

ori mizezi hqondaT: 1. cudi<br />

mosavali, cudi ekonomikuri<br />

pirobebi, maRali gadasaxadebi<br />

da 2. is garemoeba, rom didgvarovnebi<br />

TavianT ymebs jariskacebad<br />

aqiravebdnen sxva samefoebsa<br />

da samTavroebSi. ruse-<br />

Tisaken gamgzavrebis erT-erTi<br />

gadamwyveti faqtori aRmoCnda<br />

viurtembergis samefoSi stumrad<br />

Casuli caris `sareklamo<br />

kampania~, romelic, rogorc<br />

adre ekaterine didi, germanelebs<br />

miwis darigebas, gadasaxadebisagan<br />

gaTavisuflebas, aRmsareblur<br />

Tavisuflebasa da<br />

bevr sxva privilegias hpirdeboda.<br />

ruseTis mefeebi xSirad<br />

irTavdnen viurtembergis di-<br />

nastiis princesebs; amitom cari<br />

germaneli imigrantebis mimarT<br />

yovelTvis gansakuTrebul<br />

pasuxismgeblobas grZnobda.<br />

Tu aTi wliT adre Svabiidan<br />

kolonistebi dasavleTisaken<br />

(amerikisaken) daiZrnen, axla<br />

maT, did jgufebad _ harmoniebad<br />

_ organizebulebma, mTeli<br />

qoneba gaaerTianes, ulmSi<br />

gemebi daiqiraves da dunais<br />

Cauyvnen Savi zRvis sanapiromde.<br />

gemebze siviwrove iyo, ris<br />

gamoc antisanitaria gaCnda da<br />

uamravi daavadeba gavrcelda,<br />

rasac bevri mogzauri gzaSive<br />

Seewira. vinc gadarCa, odesaSi<br />

ormocdRiani karantinis gavla<br />

mouwiaT. radganac iq ukve<br />

arsebobda germanuli koloniebi,<br />

zogi Svabi odesaSive dar-<br />

Ca, sxvebi ki, rusuli samxedro<br />

dacvis TanxlebiT, 1817 wels<br />

kavkasiisken gamoemarTnen da<br />

1818 wels saqarTveloSi CamoaRwies,<br />

sadac rusma gubernatorma<br />

maT miwebi gadasca.<br />

dafuZnda glexebisa da meRvineebisagan<br />

Semdgari Svidi<br />

kolonia. xelosanTa jgufi ki<br />

axal TbilisSi dasaxlda. kolonistebisTvis<br />

pirveli zamTari<br />

saSineli iyo, radgan araferi<br />

gaaCndaT; miwa veluri da<br />

daumuSavebeli iyo, Sinauri<br />

cxovelisTvis sakvebi ar moipoveboda.<br />

ramdenime Taobis<br />

Semdeg gaCenili erTi gamoTqma<br />

moswrebulad asaxavs saqarTveloSi<br />

Svab imigrantTa yofis<br />

ganviTarebis gzas: `Die Ersten<br />

haben den Tod, die Zweiten haben<br />

die Not, die Dritten haben das<br />

Brot~. _ `pirvelT sikvdili ergebaT,<br />

meoreT _ gaWirveba,<br />

mesameT _ puri~. Camosulebma<br />

nel-nela aawyves komunaluri<br />

da saeklesio cxovreba. Tavidan,<br />

sanam profesionali<br />

mRvdelmsaxurebi ar hyavdaT,<br />

maTi sulieri cxovreba<br />

TviTaRiarebuli eqstatikose-<br />

28<br />

28<br />

bisa da vizionerebisgan imar-<br />

Teboda. isini, umetes SemTxvevaSi,<br />

ar iyvnen imisaTvis<br />

mzad, risi pretenziac hqondaT.<br />

carisgan ki kolonistebma<br />

marTlac miiRes dapirebuli<br />

privilegiebi: gadasaxadebisgan,<br />

samxedro samsaxurisgan<br />

gaTavisuflebulebi iyvnen da<br />

religiur sakiTxebSic sruli<br />

damoukidebloba hqondaT<br />

miniWebuli. soflebi ganviTarda,<br />

saqarTveloSi _ katarinenfeldSi<br />

_ da azerbaijanSi _<br />

helenendorfSi _ Rvinis warmoebas<br />

mihyves xeli da iseT<br />

Sedegebs miaRwies, rom maTi<br />

nawarmi mTels imperiaSi iyideboda,<br />

varSavamdec ki aRwevda.<br />

XX saukunis dasawyisisaTvis es<br />

sakmaod Caketili sazogadoeba<br />

iyo. 1905 wels caris mier gamoSvebulma<br />

ediqtma, romlis Zali-<br />

Tac meti religiuri Tavisufleba<br />

mieniWa xalxs, marTlmadidebels<br />

aramarTlmadidebelze<br />

daqorwinebis ufleba misca,<br />

ramac Svabebis danarCen sazogadoebasTan<br />

integracias Seuwyo<br />

xeli. nel-nela xalxma isini<br />

Seiyvara da daafasa, gansakuTrebiT<br />

_ maTi xelmarjveobisaTvis.<br />

Tu ojaxs kargi, lamazad mo-<br />

CuqurTmebuli aveji undoda,<br />

axal TbilisSi gadadioda germanel<br />

xelosnebTan, radgan isini<br />

saukeTeso ostatebi iyvnen.<br />

me-19 saukunis Sua xanebSi ukve<br />

yvela germanul sofels didi<br />

eklesia amSvenebda. 1834 wels<br />

TbilisSi, axlandeli marjaniSvilis<br />

moednis axlos, akurTxes<br />

patara eklesia, romelSic umaRlesi<br />

samRvdelo piri ijda.<br />

1897 wels axali neogoTuri<br />

eklesiac aigo. amgvarad, pirvel<br />

msoflio omamde germanel<br />

kolonistTa yofas CvenSi kargi<br />

piri uCanda. 1921 wels ki,<br />

roca saqarTveloSi wiTeli<br />

armia Semovida, germanelebis

mdgomareoba TandaTan gauaresda.<br />

20-iani wlebis meore<br />

naxevridan daiwyo mkacri ekonomikuri<br />

sanqciebi, sakuTrebis<br />

koleqtivizacia da ideologiuri<br />

devna, rac, sabolood,<br />

eklesiebis daxurvamde,<br />

masobriv gadasaxlebebamde da<br />

daxvretebamde mivida. yvela<br />

ojaxi, romlis ufrosic germaneli<br />

iyo, deportirebul<br />

iqna. Tu germaneli qali rusze,<br />

ukrainelze, somexze an sabWo-<br />

Ta sxva erovnebis warmomadgenelze<br />

iyo gaTxovili, ufleba<br />

hqonda darCeniliyo, oRond<br />

uari unda eTqva yovelgvar<br />

saeklesio praqtikaze (ramac<br />

Semdeg iatakqveSeTSi gadainacvla);<br />

Svabebi germanulad<br />

laparaksac ki eridebodnen,<br />

radgan esec saSiSi iyo. qalbatonma<br />

humelma, saqarTveloSi<br />

evangelur-luTeranuli mrevlis<br />

aw gardacvlili episkoposis<br />

_ prof. gert humelis<br />

qvrivma CvenTan saubarSi ganacxada,<br />

rom dRes mrevlis warmoSobiT<br />

germanel wevrTa<br />

umravlesobam rusuli ukeT<br />

icis, vidre germanuli. represiebis<br />

dros Svabi luTeranebis<br />

bedi calkeuli biurokratis<br />

keTilganwyobasa Tu ugunebobaze<br />

iyo damokidebuli.<br />

meore msoflio omis dros stalinma,<br />

nacisturi germaniis<br />

sasargeblod SpionaJis braldebiT,<br />

mravali germanuli ojaxi<br />

gaaZeva an gadaasaxla. Semdeg<br />

Tbilissa da rusTavSi germaneli<br />

tyveebi Camoiyvanes, romelTac<br />

1946 wels isev gamgzavreba<br />

mouwiaT. amJamindeli<br />

daviT aRmaSeneblis gamzirisa<br />

da marjaniSvilis moednis mimdebare<br />

teritoriis mowyobis<br />

axal gegmaSi, stalinis survilis<br />

Tanaxmad, araferi germanuli<br />

aRar SemorCa. germanuli<br />

eklesiac komunistebma Tavad<br />

germanelebs daangrevines.<br />

stalinis sikvdilis Semdeg<br />

Svabebma aSkara Sveba igrZnes.<br />

bevri ukan dabrunda da yvelafris<br />

axlidan dawyeba mouxda. am<br />

droisaTvis luTeranTa religiuri<br />

cxovreba sruliad Camkvdari<br />

iyo. mxolod malulad<br />

Tu Seikribeboda TiTo-orola<br />

ojaxi, raTa bibliidan rame<br />

Cumad waekiTxaT, an romelime<br />

sasuliero simRera waeRiRinaT.<br />

xSirad simRerasac ver<br />

bedavdnen da mxolod simReris<br />

teqsts CurCulebdnen.<br />

qarTuliqarTulievangeliurevangeliur- luTeranuli luTeranuli eklesia eklesia eklesia dRes<br />

dRes<br />

1989 wels gardatexis momenti<br />

dadga. yvelanair umciresobas<br />

Sekrebis Tavisufleba mieca;<br />

germanulma Temmac oficialuri<br />

registracia gaiara. amasobaSi,<br />

1975 wels germaniis federaciuli<br />

respublikis qalaqi<br />

zaarbriukeni da Tbilisi damegobrdnen<br />

da male orive qalaqis<br />

universitetebs Sorisac<br />

gaiba kavSiri. 1983 wels zaarbriukenis<br />

universitetis Teologiis<br />

profesors _ gert<br />

29<br />

29<br />

humels aRmosavleT evropis<br />

universitetebTan urTierTobis<br />

saqmeebi ebara, ris gamoc<br />

igi weliwadSi ramdenjerme<br />

Camodioda misTvis gansakuTrebiT<br />

sayvarel saqarTveloSic,<br />

raTa leqciebi waekiTxa da<br />

samuSao gegmebi daesaxa. 1991<br />

wels iv. javaxiSvilis universitetma<br />

humeli gansakuTrebuli<br />

RvawlisaTvis daajildova.<br />

qalbatoni humeli ixsenebs,<br />

rom meore dilas maT sastumrosTan<br />

warmoSobiT germaneli<br />

luTeranebi gamocxaddnen,<br />

romelTac televiziiT SeetyoT<br />

Teologis _ pastori Camosvlis<br />

ambavi, da, radgan samoci<br />

wlis ganmavlobaSi aranairi<br />

RvTismsaxureba ar enaxaT,<br />

sTxoves mas wirva Caetarebina<br />

maTTvis. iqidan mokidebuli,<br />

roca humeli universitetSi<br />

Camodioda, RvTismsaxurebasac<br />

atarebda xolme. mrevli<br />

izrdeboda. qalbatoni humeli<br />

igonebs, rom am periodSi wirva<br />

da sxva rituali saxeldaxelod,<br />

sruliad Seuferebel<br />

pirobebSi tardeboda _ embazis<br />

nacvlad xandaxan Cveulebriv<br />

qvabs iyenebdnen, magram, misi<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

religiebi saqarTveloSi<br />

azriT, meore mxriv, es yvelaferi<br />

Zalian cocxali, bunebrivi<br />

da dasamaxsovrebeli iyo.<br />

male eklesiis aRdgenis moTxovnilebac<br />

gaCnda da 1998 wels,<br />

roca humeli pensiaze gavida,<br />

germaniaSi saxli gayida da am<br />

fuliTa da sxvadasxva SemowirulobebiT<br />

TbilisSi axali<br />

eklesia aaSena. luTeranebs<br />

miwa _ Zveli germanuli sasaflaos<br />

teritoria _ eduard<br />

SevardnaZis peticiis meSveobiT<br />

gadaecaT. 1998 wels humeli<br />

TbilisSi dasaxlda da adgilobrivi<br />

saeklesio cxovrebis<br />

mowesrigebas Seudga. ganaxlda<br />

bibliis erToblivi kiTxva,<br />

axalgazrdebisTvis xelsaqmis<br />

swavleba, konfirmaciebi,<br />

Seiqmna wesdeba aqauri luTeranuli<br />

eklesiisTvis, daido<br />

xelSekruleba viurtembergis<br />

eklesiasTan, rac, _ qalbatoni<br />

humelis TqmiT, _ istoriulad<br />

savsebiT gamarTlebuli iyo.<br />

arsdeba diakvanis saxli _ mniSvnelovani<br />

Teologiuri elementi<br />

dasavlur qristianobaSi:<br />

socialuri eTika, amqveyniuri<br />

praqtika _ kaTolikuri `caritas~<br />

da protestantuli diakvnoba<br />

_ uarsebiTesia dasavlur<br />

religiurobaSi. imaTze<br />

zrunva, visac es esaWiroeba<br />

(Raribebi, qvrivebi, avadmyofebi)<br />

luTeris mkacri moTxovna<br />

da praqtika iyo. `Cven unda<br />

gagvekeTebina raime diakvnuri,<br />

socialuri aqauri germanelebisTvis,<br />

romelTac yvelaferi<br />

dakarges Znel droSi~, _ ambobs<br />

qalbatoni humeli. diakvnis<br />

saxli eklesiasTan axlos mdebareobs<br />

da sami ganyofilebisgan<br />

Sedgeba: 1. RaribTa sasadilo;<br />

2. samedicino ambulatoria da<br />

3. moxucTa TavSesafari rva<br />

moxucisTvis, romlebsac garkveuli<br />

kriteriumebis mixedviT<br />

arCeven, vinaidan eklesias ar<br />

aqvs saSualeba yvela gaWirve-<br />

buls daexmaros. erT-erTi<br />

mtkivneuli sakiTxi tolerantulobis<br />

problemaa qarTuli<br />

marTlmadidebluri eklesiis<br />

mxridan. qalbatonma humelma<br />

imaze gaamaxvila yuradReba, rom<br />

SesaZloa dasavluri qristianoba<br />

zedmetad racionaluria,<br />

magram zogierTi SemTxveva<br />

aranairi mrwamsis farglebSi<br />

ar Tavsdeba. `rogorc Cans,<br />

bolnisSi aris fundamentalisti<br />

mSoblebis jgufi~, romlebic<br />

Svilebs ar uSveben luTeranul<br />

sabavSvo RvTismsaxurebaze,<br />

simRerisa da xelsaqmis<br />

saaTebze, radgan, maTi azriT,<br />

`luTeranebi bavSvebis sulebs<br />

itaceben da eSmaks gadascemen~.<br />

maT gaavrceles proklamaciebi,<br />

Seawebes luTeranuli<br />

centris karebi da sakuTari<br />

mRvdelic ki gaasamarTles, radgan<br />

is `arasakmarisad marTlmadidebeli<br />

gamodga~ da ekumenistur<br />

wirvaSi monawileobis<br />

miReba gabeda.<br />

garda amisa, luTeranul eklesias<br />

iuridiuli problemebic<br />

aqvs, rogorc yvela sxva danar-<br />

Cen religiur umciresobas<br />

saqarTveloSi. qalbatoni humelis<br />

TqmiT, marTalia, marTlmadidebel<br />

da luTeranul eklesiebs<br />

Soris SeTanxmeba daido,<br />

rom `erTmaneTs aras erCodnen~<br />

da daexmarebodnen religiis<br />

Sesaxeb kanonis aRsrulebaSi,<br />

magram marTlmadidebeli<br />

eklesia, romelmac konstituciiT<br />

privilegirebuli statusi<br />

miiRo, arafers akeTebs sxva<br />

eklesiaTa dasaxmareblad da<br />

xSirad aSkarad mtrul ganwyobasac<br />

amJRavnebs maT mimarT.<br />

miuxedavad amdagvari problemebisa,<br />

evangelur-luTeranul<br />

eklesias mTeli saqarTvelos<br />

masStabiT daaxloebiT aTasi<br />

wevri hyavs, romelTa mxolod<br />

naxevaria warmoSobiT germaneli,<br />

meore naxevari ki qarTve-<br />

30<br />

30<br />

lebi, somxebi, rusebi, ukrainelebi<br />

arian.<br />

qarTul marTlmadidebel eklesiasa<br />

da luTeranebs Soris<br />

mTavari gansxvaveba da Teologiuri<br />

dapirispirebis mTavari<br />

punqti albaT swored is aris,<br />

rom marTmadidebelisTvis lu-<br />

Teranis `praqtikuli~ saqmianoba<br />

negatiur elfers atarebs, vinaidan<br />

luTerani amqveyniurobas,<br />

marTlmadideblis azriT, zedmetad<br />

pozitiurad epyroba;<br />

xolo radgan marTlmadidebluri<br />

cnobierebisTvis eklesiis<br />

gareT da eklesiis garda yvelaferi<br />

codvasTan aris met-naklebad<br />

dakavSirebuli, luTeranuli<br />

moZRvrebis aqtiurad<br />

socialuri mxare da praqtika<br />

misTvis ucxo da erTgvarad<br />

saeWvoc kia, rac zogjer<br />

luTeranebisTvis satanistobis<br />

Tu aTeistobis dabralebamdec<br />

midis. arada, qalbatoni humelis<br />

TqmiT, `yvelanairi adamianuri<br />

saqme RvTismsaxurebaa~,<br />

rac iqca kidevac protestantul<br />

moZRvrebaTa devizad da<br />

ramac umniSvnelovanesi roli<br />

Seasrula Tanamedrove dasavluri<br />

Rirebulebebis CamoyalibebaSi.<br />

am deviziT moqmedi<br />

cnobierebis mier Seqmnili<br />

kulturuli garemo iseT STabeWdilebas<br />

tovebs, TiTqos religiurobisagan<br />

sruliad daclilia;<br />

arada, sinamdvileSi, mas<br />

mxolod garegnuli forma aqvs<br />

aseTi, SinaarsiT ki, anu protestantuli<br />

eTikis principebze<br />

aRzrdili adamianebis moRvaweobiT,<br />

Rrmad religiuria.

Ìèãðàöèÿ è Ðàññåëåíèå<br />

Àññèðèéöåâ<br />

Ãðóçèíî-àññèðèéñêèå îòíîøåíèÿ<br />

èìåþò äëèòåëüíóþ èñòîðèþ.<br />

 àññèðèéñêèõ èñòî÷íèêàõ åùå<br />

I òûñÿ÷åëåòèÿ äî íàøåé ýðû<br />

óïîìèíàåòñÿ î äðåâíåì ãðóçèíñêîì<br />

ãîñóäàðñòâå. Áîëåå òåñíûå<br />

îòíîøåíèÿ ìåæäó àññèðèéöàìè<br />

è ãðóçèíàìè óñòàíîâèëèñü ïîñëå<br />

ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ õðèñòèàíñòâà â<br />

Þæíîì Êàâêàçå. Ïðèáûâøèå â<br />

VI âåêå èç Ìåñîïîòàìèè<br />

àññèðèéñêèå ìîíàõè, êîòîðûå<br />

âîøëè â èñòîðèþ ïî èìåíè 13<br />

àññèðèéñêèõ îòöîâ, ñûãðàëè<br />

áîëüøóþ ðîëü â ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè<br />

è óñèëåíèè õðèñòèàíñòâà â<br />

Ãðóçèè. 1<br />

Ïîÿâëåíèå ïåðâîé îáùèíû<br />

àññèðèéöåâ â Ãðóçèè ñâÿçàíî ñ<br />

èìåíåì öàðÿ Êàðòë-Êàõåòè<br />

Èðàêëèÿ II. Ñ öåëüþ ñîâìåñòíîé<br />

áîðüáû ïðîòèâ Îñìàíñêîé<br />

èìïåðèè Èðàêëèé II âåë òàéíóþ<br />

ïåðåïèñêó ñ Ïàòðèàðõîì Âîñòî÷íîé<br />

Àññèðèéñêîé Öåðêâè<br />

Ìàð Àâðààìîì. Íî, ñîâìåñòíûé<br />

ïîõîä ïðîòèâ îáùåãî âðàãà<br />

ïðîâàëèëñÿ, ïîñëå ÷åãî íåñêîëüêî<br />

ñåìåé àññèðèéöåâ ïåðåñåëèëèñü<br />

â Ãðóçèþ è îñíîâàëèñü â<br />

Ìóõðàíñêîì ðàéîíå. Ïðîöåññ<br />

ïåðåñåëåíèÿ â Ãðóçèè ïðîäîë-<br />

Àññèðèéöû<br />

Ãðóçèè<br />

ÌÀÌÓÊÀ ÊÎÌÀÕÈß<br />

æàåòñÿ ïîñëå âõîæäåíèÿ ãðóçèíñêèõ<br />

öàðñòâ-êíÿæåñòâ â ñîñòàâ<br />

Ðîññèéñêîé èìïåðèè.<br />

Ïîñëå çàêëþ÷åíèÿ Òóðêìàí-<br />

÷àéñêîãî ìèðà â 1826 ã. ìåæäó<br />

Ðîññèåé è Ïåðñèåé èðàíñêèå<br />

ïîääàííûå àññèðèéöû ïîëó÷èëè<br />

âîçìîæíîñòü ïðèáûòü â Òáèëèñè<br />

è íàéòè ðàáîòó. Â 90-õ ãã. XIX â.<br />

â Òáèëèñè ïðîæèâàëè îêîëî 5<br />

òûñÿ÷ àññèðèéöåâ. Ìàññîâîå<br />

ïåðåñåëåíèå àññèðèéöåâ â Ãðó-<br />

asirieli bavSvebi. me-20 saukunis 40-iani wlebis foto<br />

31<br />

31<br />

eTnosebi saqarTveloSi<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

eTnosebi saqarTveloSi<br />

çèþ ïðîèñõîäèò âî âðåìÿ I Ìèðîâîé<br />

âîéíû è ïîñëåâîåííûé<br />

ïåðèîä. Ãîíèìûå â Îñìàíñêîé<br />

èìïåðèè àññèðèéöû íàøëè<br />

óáåæèùå â Ãðóçèè è Àðìåíèè. Â<br />

òî âðåìÿ â Òáèëèñè ïðè ïîìîùè<br />

ìåñòíîé îáùèíû áûë ó÷ðåæäåí<br />

Êîìèòåò ïîìîùè àññèðèéñêèì<br />

áåæåíöàì. Êðîìå òîãî, ôóíêöèîíèðîâàë<br />

Íàöèîíàëüíûé ñîâåò<br />

àññèðèéöåâ.<br />

 ïåðèîä ñîâåòñêîãî ïðàâëåíèÿ,<br />

â 1947 ãîäó, òûñÿ÷è àññèðèéöåâ<br />

áûëè ïåðåñåëåíû â Ñèáèðü è<br />

Êàçàõñòàí. Â 1954 ãîäó, ïîñëå<br />

ðåàáèëèòàöèè, ëèøü ÷àñòü èç<br />

íèõ ñìîãëà âîçâðàòèòüñÿ â Ãðóçèþ.<br />

2 Ñîãëàñíî ïåðåïèñè íàñåëåíèÿ<br />

îò 1959 ãîäà, â Ãðóçèè<br />

ïðîæèâàëè 5 òûñÿ÷ àññèðèéöåâ,<br />

÷òî ñîñòàâëÿëî 0.1% âñåãî<br />

íàñåëåíèÿ Ãðóçèè. Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì<br />

ïåðåïèñè 1970 ãîäà – 5,6<br />

òûñÿ÷ (0,1%). Â 1959 ãîäó â Òáèëèñè<br />

ïðîæèâàëè 2,6 òûñÿ÷ àññèðèéöåâ,<br />

÷òî ñîñòàâëÿëî 0,4%<br />

âñåãî íàñåëåíèÿ ãîðîäà, à â 1970<br />

ãîäó – 2,8 òûñÿ÷ (0,3%) 3 . Ñîãëàñíî<br />

ïåðåïèñè íàñåëåíèÿ îò 1989<br />

ãîäà, â Ãðóçèè ïðîæèâàëè 5,2<br />

òûñÿ÷è àññèðèéöåâ (0,1%),4 à ïî<br />

ïåðåïèñè 2002 ãîäà – 3.299, ÷òî<br />

ñîñòàâëÿëî 0,1% âñåãî íàñåëåíèÿ. 5<br />

Àññèðèéöû â Ãðóçèè ïðîæèâàþò,<br />

â îñíîâíîì, â Òáèëèñè (ìåñòà<br />

èõ êîìïàêòíîãî ðàññåëåíèÿ<br />

ðàñïîëîæåíû â äâóõ ðàéîíàõ:<br />

Âàêå è Êóêèà), â Ãàðäàáàíè, â<br />

ñ. Ñòàðàÿ Êàíäà, â Ñåíàêè, Çóãäèäè<br />

è Êóòàèñè.<br />

Ïî îöåíêå Ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî<br />

èíôîðìàöèîííîãî àãåíòñòâà<br />

àññèðèéöåâ, íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé<br />

äåíü â ìèðå ïðîæèâàþò îêîëî<br />

3,5 ìëí. àññèðèéöåâ è èõ 2/3<br />

ïðîæèâàåò íà ìåñòàõ èõ èñòîðè-<br />

÷åñêîãî ðàññåëåíèÿ. 6 Çà ïðåäåëàìè<br />

ìåñò èñòîðè÷åñêîãî ðàññåëåíèÿ<br />

îíè, â îñíîâíîì, ïðîæèâàþò<br />

â Ñåâåðíîé Àìåðèêå (â ×è-<br />

êàãî ñàìàÿ êðóïíàÿ äèàñïîðà<br />

àññèðèéöåâ, êîòîðàÿ ïîìîãàåò<br />

ïðîæèâàþùèì â Ãðóçèè àññèðèéöàì),<br />

Åâðîïå è Àâñòðàëèè.<br />

Îíè òàêæå ïðîæèâàþò â Èðàêå,<br />

Ñèðèè, Ëèâàíå, Èðàíå 7 è Òóðöèè.<br />

 Òóðöèè â 1950-õ ãã. Ïðîæèâàëè<br />

îêîëî 50 òûñÿ÷ àññèðèéöåâ,<br />

íî â ðåçóëüòàòå èõ èììèãðàöèè<br />

â Åâðîïó, â íàñòîÿùåå<br />

âðåìÿ â Òóðöèè îñòàëèñü ëèøü<br />

îêîëî 5 òûñÿ÷ àññèðèéöåâ è òî,<br />

â îñíîâíîì, â ãîðîäàõ, òàê êàê<br />

àññèðèéñêèå ñåëà, ôàêòè÷åñêè<br />

îïóñòåëè. 8<br />

Àññèðèéöû ïðîæèâàþò òàêæå è<br />

â ñòðàíàõ Þæíîãî Êàâêàçà, îñîáåííî,<br />

â Àðìåíèè, ãäå ðàñïîëîæåíî<br />

íåñêîëüêî ñåë àññèðèéöåâ.<br />

Ñîãëàñíî îïóáëèêîâàííûì â<br />

2004 ãîäó â Àðìåíèè ðåçóëüòàòàì<br />

ïåðåïèñè íàñåëåíèÿ, â Àðìåíèè<br />

ïðîæèâàëè 3409 àññèðèéöåâ, ÷òî<br />

ñîñòàâëÿëî 0,1% âñåãî íàñåëåíèÿ.<br />

9 Ýìèãðèðîâàâøèå èç Ãðóçèè<br />

àññèðèéöû ïðîæèâàëè òàêæå<br />

è â äðóãèõ ñòðàíàõ áûâøåãî Ñîâåòñêîãî<br />

Ñîþçà (Ðîññèÿ, Óêðàèíà,<br />

Êàçàõñòàí).<br />

Ïðè÷èíîé ñîêðàùåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè<br />

àññèðèéöåâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ<br />

òðóäîâàÿ èììèãðàöèÿ, âûçâàííàÿ<br />

ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêèìè<br />

ôàêòîðàìè. Ïðîæèâàþùèå â Òáèëèñè<br />

àññèðèéöû óåçæàþò â ýìèãðàöèþ<br />

â îñíîâíîì, â Ðîññèþ è<br />

ñòðàíû Åâðîïû, à ïðîæèâàþùèå<br />

â Ãàðäàáàíè êîìïàêòíî àññèðèéöû<br />

– óåçæàþò â Ðîññèþ, â îñíîâíîì,<br />

Ñòàâðîïîëüñêèé è<br />

Êðàñíîäàðñêèé êðàÿ, ãäå ïðîæèâàþò<br />

óæå èììèãðèðîâàâøèå<br />

è îñåâøèå íà ìåñòå èõ ðîäñòâåííèêè.<br />

10 Â ýìèãðàöèè îíè<br />

çàíèìàþòñÿ, â îñíîâíîì,<br />

ðåìåñëåííè÷åñòâîì è òîðãîâëåé.<br />

Íàðÿäó ñ áîëüøèíñòâîì íàñåëåíèÿ<br />

ñòðàíû, áåçðàáîòèöà ÿâëÿåòñÿ<br />

îñòðîé ïðîáëåìîé è äëÿ<br />

àññèðèéöåâ. Ïðîæèâàþùèå â<br />

32<br />

32<br />

Òáèëèñè àññèðèéöû çàíÿòû, â<br />

îñíîâíîì, ìåëêîé òîðãîâëåé è<br />

ðåìåñëåííè÷åñòâîì. Âàæíåéøèì<br />

èñòî÷íèêîì äîõîäîâ ÿâëÿþòñÿ<br />

òå äåíåæíûå ïåðåâîäû, êîòîðûå<br />

îòïðàâëÿþò ÷ëåíàì ñâîåé ñåìüè<br />

èëè ðîäñòâåííèêàì ïðîæèâàþùèå<br />

â äðóãèõ ñòðàíàõ ýìèãðàíòû.<br />

Ðåìåñëåííè÷åñòâî ãëàâíîå<br />

çàíèÿòèå è äëÿ àññèðèéöîâ â<br />

Ãàðäàáàíè, íî, ïàðàëëåëüíî, äëÿ<br />

ñîäåðæàíèÿ ñåìåé îíè çàíèìàþòñÿ<br />

òàêæå è îõîòîé, ðûáîëîâñòâîì,<br />

ñàäîâîäñòâîì. Â ïîñëåäíèé<br />

ïåðèîä íà êðóïíûõ ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèõ<br />

îáúåêòàõ â Ãàðäàáàíñêîì<br />

ðàéîíå íà íåêâàëèôèöèðîâàííîé<br />

ðàáîòå ïîëó÷èëè ðàáî-<br />

÷èå ìåñòà è íåñêîëüêî<br />

àññèðèéöåâ.<br />

 ýìèãðàöèþ óåçæàþò, îñîáåííî,<br />

ïðîæèâàþùèå êîìïàêòíî â<br />

Ãàðäàáàíñêîì ðàéîíå àññèðèéöû.<br />

Åñëè â 1989 ãîäó â Ãàðäàáàíè<br />

ïðîæèâàëè áîëåå 1500 àññèðèéöåâ,<br />

â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ èõ ÷èñëåííîñòü,<br />

ôàêòè÷åñêè, ñîêðàòèëàñü<br />

íàïîëîâèíó. Â Ãàðäàáàíè<br />

âî ìíîæåñòâå ìîæíî âñòðåòèòü<br />

äîìà ñ íàäïèñÿìè –«Ïðîäàåòñÿ».<br />

 ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû âîëíà èììèãðàöèè<br />

àññèðèéöåâ îñëàáëà, òàê<br />

êàê ïðîæèâàþùèå â Ãàðäàáàíè<br />

àññèðèéöû èç-çà ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé<br />

íåñîñòîÿòåëüíîñòè íå ìîãóò<br />

ðàçäîáûòü ñðåäñòâà, íåîáõîäèìûå<br />

äëÿ èììèãðàöèè. Êðîìå òîãî,<br />

íåêîòîðûå èç íèõ ïîëó÷èëè<br />

ðàáîòó íà ìåñòå è âîçäåðæèâàþòñÿ<br />

îò èììèãðàöèè. Íî, êðîìå<br />

òîãî, íåîáõîäèìî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî<br />

â ñëó÷àå ïðîäàæè äîìà çà æåëàåìóþ<br />

öåíó, îíè ïðåäïî÷èòàþò<br />

èììèãðèðîâàòü.<br />

Ðóññêîÿçû÷íûå è<br />

Ãðóçèíîÿçû÷íûå Àññèðèéöû<br />

 Ãðóçèè, òàêæå êàê è âî âñåì<br />

Ñîâåòñêîì Ñîþçå, àññèðèéöû<br />

íàõîäèëèñü â òÿæåëîì ïîëîæå

íèè ñ êóëüòóðíî-ïîëèòè÷åñêîé<br />

òî÷êè çðåíèÿ. Êðîìå àññèðèéñêîãî,<br />

îíè íå âëàäåëè äðóãèìè<br />

ÿçûêàìè, ÷òî îñëîæíÿëî èõ âîâëå÷åíèå<br />

â îáùåñòâåííî-ïîëèòè-<br />

÷åñêóþ æèçíü Ãðóçèè â òî âðåìÿ.<br />

85-90% íàñåëåíèÿ íå óìåëè<br />

÷èòàòü è ïèñàòü. Åäèíèöû çíàëè<br />

àññèðèéñêóþ ãðàìîòó, íåñêîëüêî<br />

÷åëîâåê âëàäåëè ðóññêèì ÿçûêîì.<br />

 ñåëå Ñòàðàÿ Êàíäà ê êîíöó<br />

20-õ ãã. ïðîøëîãî âåêà 90-95%<br />

íàñåëåíèÿ íå çíàëè àçáóêè.<br />

Âî âòîðîé ïîëîâèíå 20-õ ãã.<br />

 Ãðóçèè ôóíêöèîíèðîâàëè òðè<br />

àññèðèéñêèå øêîëû ïåðâîé ñòóïåíè.<br />

Èç íèõ 2 øêîëû â Òáèëèñè<br />

è îäíà â ñ. Ñòàðàÿ Êàíäà (â íàñòîÿùåå<br />

âðåìÿ àññèðèéñêèå øêîëû<br />

íå ñóùåñòâóþò). Ó àññèðèéöåâ<br />

íå áûëî çäàíèÿ äëÿ ñîáñòâåííîé<br />

øêîëû è ïðèõîäèëîñü ó÷èòüñÿ â<br />

ðàçëè÷íûõ øêîëàõ. Ìíîãèå<br />

àññèðèéñêèå äåòè îáó÷àëèñü â<br />

ïîëüñêèõ è ðóññêèõ øêîëàõ.<br />

Íåñìîòðÿ íà áîëüøîå æåëàíèå<br />

ïîëó÷èòü îáðàçîâàíèå, èç-çà<br />

ïðåïÿòñòâóþùèõ óñëîâèé,<br />

ìíîãèå ïîäðîñòêè îñòàëèñü çà<br />

äâåðüìè øêîë. 11 Àññèðèéñêèå<br />

øêîëû äåéñòâîâàëè äî 1937 ã..<br />

Àññèðèéñêèé ÿçûê, íîâîñèðèéñêèé<br />

ÿçûê, ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáùèì íàçâàíèåì<br />

ñîâðåìåííîãî âîñòî÷íîàðàìåéñêîãî<br />

äèàëåêòà, íà êîòîðîì<br />

ðàçãîâàðèâàþò àññèðèéöû<br />

(ñèðèéöû). ßçûê áîãàò äèàëåêòàìè,<br />

èç êîòîðûõ â Ãðóçèè<br />

ìîæíî âñòðåòèòü ñàëàìàññêèé,<br />

âàíñêèé, äæèëó, òèàðñêèé è<br />

óðìèéñêèé äèàëåêòû. Óðìèéñêèé<br />

äèàëåêò áûë ïîëîæåí â<br />

îñíîâó ëèòåðàòóðíîãî ÿçûêà,<br />

êîòîðûé ñôîðìèðîâàëñÿ â 40-õ<br />

ãã. ïðîøëîãî âåêà. 12<br />

Íàïðèìåð, â îäíîì èç ðàéîíîâ<br />

Òáèëèñè Âàêå ðàçãîâàðèâàþò íà<br />

äèàëåêòå äæèëó, à âî âòîðîì<br />

ðàéîíå Êóêèà – èñïîëüçóþò<br />

âàíñêèé äèàëåêò. Â Ãàðäàáàíè<br />

ðàçãîâàðèâàþò íà áîòàíñêîì 13 è<br />

óðìèéñêîì äèàëåêòå. Â ñåëå<br />

Ñòàðàÿ Êàíäà íà óðìèéñêîì<br />

äèàëåêòå, à â çàïàäíîé Ãðóçèè<br />

íà äèàëåêòå òõóìà.<br />

Ïðîæèâàþùèå â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ<br />

â Ãðóçèè àññèðèéöû ÿâëÿþòñÿ<br />

ðóññêîÿçû÷íûìè. Èñêëþ÷åíèåì<br />

ÿâëÿþòñÿ ëèøü àññèðèéöû èç<br />

ñåëà Ñòàðàÿ Êàíäà. Çäåøíèå<br />

àññèðèéöû ïî÷òè íèêàê íå îòëè-<br />

÷àþòñÿ îò ìåñòíîãî ãðóçèíñêîãî<br />

íàñåëåíèÿ. Îíè â ñîâåðøåíñòâå<br />

âëàäåþò ãðóçèíñêèì ÿçûêîì è<br />

îáðàçîâàíèå ïîëó÷àþò â ãðóçèíñêèõ<br />

ñåëàõ. Àññèðèéñêîìó æå ÿçûêó<br />

ó÷àòñÿ, â îñíîâíîì, â ñåìüÿõ.<br />

Àññèðèéöû, êîòîðûå ïðîæèâàþò<br />

â Ãàðäàáàíè, ïî÷òè ïîëíîñòüþ<br />

ÿâëÿþòñÿ ðóññêîÿçû÷íûìè è<br />

ïîëó÷àþò îáðàçîâàíèå â ðóññêîé<br />

øêîëå. Ðîäíîìó ÿçûêó îáó÷àþòñÿ,<br />

â îñíîâíîì, â ñåìüÿõ.  îòëè÷èå<br />

îò ñòàðøåãî ïîêîëåíèÿ,<br />

ñðàâíèòåëüíî õîðîøî âëàäååò<br />

ãðóçèíñêèì ÿçûêîì ìîëîäîå<br />

ïîêîëåíèå.<br />

Òáèëèññêèé àññèðèéöû ïîëó÷àþò<br />

îáðàçîâàíèå â ðóññêîÿçû÷íûõ<br />

è ãðóçèíîÿçû÷íûõ øêîëàõ.<br />

Ïðåäïî÷òåíèå ïðèäàåòñÿ âñåòàêè<br />

ðóññêîÿçû÷íûì øêîëàì,<br />

òàê êàê àññèðèéöû îðèåíòèðîâàíû<br />

íà èììèãðàöèþ â Ðîññèþ<br />

è ïîëó÷åíèå îáðàçîâàíèÿ íà<br />

ðóññêîì ÿçûêå äëÿ íèõ áîëåå<br />

ïåðñïåêòèâíî. Àññèðèéñêîå<br />

íàñåëåíèå Òáèëèñè áîëåå-ìåíåå<br />

âëàäååò ãðóçèíñêèì ÿçûêîì.<br />

Ðîäíîé ÿçûê èçó÷àþò, â îñíîâíîì,<br />

â ñåìüÿõ. Â ïîñëåäíèå<br />

ãîäû ñòàëî âîçìîæíûì èçó÷åíèå<br />

ðîäíîãî ÿçûêà è â âîñêðåñíîé<br />

øêîëå ïðè Öåðêâè, ãäå ìîëîäûì<br />

ëþäÿì ïðîâîäÿò ñïåöèàëüíûå<br />

ó÷åáíûå êóðñû ïî ÿçûêó.<br />

Ïðîáëåìû, Ñóùåñòâóþùèå<br />

â Ñôåðå Êóëüòóðû<br />

Îäíî âðåìÿ â Ãðóçèè èçäàâàëèñü<br />

àññèðèéñêèé æóðíàë è ãàçåòà,<br />

33<br />

33<br />

íà ñòðàíèöàõ êîòîðûõ ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêè<br />

ïå÷àòàëèñü ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ<br />

ìåñòíûõ àññèðèéöåâ,<br />

ôîëüêëîðíûå ìàòåðèàëû, ïåðåâîäû<br />

ãðóçèíñêîé ëèòåðàòóðû. Â<br />

1913-14 ãã. Â Òáèëèñè èçäàâàëñÿ<br />

æóðíàë «Ìîäèíõà» (Âîñòîê),<br />

êîòîðûé âûõîäèë îäèí ðàç â äâå<br />

íåäåëè. Æóðíàë ïðåäíàçíà÷àëñÿ,<br />

â îñíîâíîì, äëÿ àññèðèéöåâ,<br />

ïðîæèâàþùèõ â ñòðàíàõ<br />

Þæíîãî Êàâêàçà è Ðîññèè.<br />

 1926-1938 ãã.  Òáèëèñè<br />

èçäàâàëàñü àññèðèéñêàÿ ãàçåòà<br />

«Êîõâà Ìàäèíõà» (Çâåçäà Âîñòîêà).<br />

14 Ôóíêöèîíèðîâàëè<br />

ðàçëè÷íûå êðóæêè. Çà êîðîòêèé<br />

ñðîê ñôîðìèðîâàëàñü àññèðèéñêàÿ<br />

èíòåëëèãåíöèÿ. Íî, â ðåçóëüòàòå<br />

ðåïðåññèé 1937 ãîäà<br />

áûëè çàêðûòû øêîëû è èçäàòåëüñòâî,<br />

ðåïðåññèè êîñíóëèñü<br />

òàêæå è àññèðèéñêîé èíòåëëèãåíöèè.<br />

 1952 ãîäó âïåðâûå â Ñîâåòñêîì<br />

Ñîþçå áûë ñîçäàí Àíñàìáëü<br />

àññèðèéñêèõ ïåñåí è òàíöåâ ïîä<br />

ðóêîâîäñòâîì Àíãåëèíû Ãðèãîëèÿ,<br />

15 ôóíêöèîíèðîâàë êëóá<br />

ëþáèòåëåé àññèðèéñêîé ñëîâåñíîñòè,<br />

êîòîðûé áûë çàíÿò ïðîïàãàíäîé<br />

ðîäíîãî ÿçûêà è ëèòåðàòóðû.<br />

Òóò æèë è ðàáîòàë àññèðèéñêèé<br />

ïèñàòåëü Ðàáè Äàâèä<br />

Èëèàíè, èìÿ êîòîðîãî âíåñåíî<br />

â Ãðóçèíñêóþ ñîâåòñêóþ ýíöèêëîïåäèþ<br />

çà åãî ïëîäîòâîðíóþ<br />

äåÿòåëüíîñòü. 16<br />

 1990-õ ãã.  Ãðóçèè ôóíêöèîíèðîâàëè<br />

òàíöåâàëüíûå àíñàìáëè<br />

«Íèíåâèÿ» è «Äàéàíà», 17<br />

íî, èõ äåÿòåëüíîñòü çàòðóäíåíà<br />

èç-çà ôèíàíñîâûõ ïðîáëåì.<br />

Ñåãîäíÿ îñíîâíûì ôàêòîðîì,<br />

çàòðóäíÿþùèì êóëüòóðíóþ<br />

æèçíü àññèðèéöåâ, ÿâëÿåòñÿ<br />

îòñóòñòâèå ðåãóëÿðíîãî ôèíàíñèðîâàíèÿ.<br />

Èõ êóëüòóðíàÿ<br />

àêòèâíîñòü âî âðåìÿ íåêîòîðûõ<br />

íàöèîíàëüíûõ ïðàçäíèêîâ çàâè-<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

eTnosebi saqarTveloSi<br />

ñèò îò ïåðèîäè÷åñêè ïîÿâëÿþùåãîñÿ<br />

ôèíàíñèðîâàíèÿ.<br />

 íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ïî èíèöèàòèâå<br />

Àññèðèéñêî-Õàëäåéñêîé<br />

êàòîëè÷åñêîé ìèññèè, â Òáèëèñè<br />

ïðèîáðåòåí çåìåëüíûé ó÷àñòîê,<br />

ãäå äîëæåí áûòü ïîñòðîåí<br />

êóëüòóðíûé öåíòð, êîòîðûé â<br />

áóäóùåì äîëæåí ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü<br />

ñîõðàíåíèþ è ðàçâèòèþ êóëüòóðû<br />

àññèðèéöåâ, ïðîæèâàþùèõ<br />

â Ãðóçèè.<br />

Àññèðèéñêèå Îðãàíèçàöèè<br />

â Ãðóçèè<br />

Èç îñíîâàííûõ â Ãðóçèè àññèðèéñêèõ<br />

îðãàíèçàöèé ñàìîé<br />

âëèÿòåëüíîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ Ìåæäóíàðîäíûé<br />

êîíãðåññ àññèðèéöåâ<br />

Ãðóçèè, êîòîðûé ïðîøåë<br />

ðåãèñòðàöèþ â Ìèíèñòåðñòâå<br />

þñòèöèè Ãðóçèè â àïðåëå 1992<br />

ãîäà. Îñíîâíîé öåëüþ îðãàíèçàöèè<br />

ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ<br />

àññèðèéñêîãî ÿçûêà, êóëüòóðû è<br />

òðàäèöèé, èõ ðàçâèòèå è óñòà-<br />

asiriuli cekva<br />

íîâëåíèå ñâÿçåé ñ ïðîæèâàþùèìè<br />

çà ãðàíèöåé ñîîòå÷åñòâåííèêàìè.<br />

Êîíãðåññ â ñâîåé<br />

ðàáîòå îñîáîå çíà÷åíèå ïðèäà¸ò<br />

îêàçàíèþ ãóìàíèòàðíîé ïîìîùè<br />

àññèðèéöàì Ãðóçèè, à òàêæå<br />

ïîìîãàåò ñòóäåíòàì àññèðèéöàì.<br />

Äàííàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ èìååò<br />

òåñíûå ñâÿçè ñ ìåæäóíàðîäíûìè<br />

àññèðèéñêèìè îðãàíèçàöèÿìè<br />

â ìèðå. Íàïðèìåð, ðóêîâîäèòåëü<br />

îðãàíèçàöèè Äàâèä<br />

Àäàìîâ íà 24-ì Âñåìèðíîì<br />

êîíãðåññå Ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî<br />

àëüÿíñà àññèðèéöåâ áûë èçáðàí<br />

÷ëåíîì èñïîëíèòåëüíîãî ñîâåòà.<br />

Êîíãðåññ ïðîâîäèëñÿ 7-10 èþëÿ<br />

2005 ãîäà â Ëîíäîíå, â Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè.<br />

Îäíîé èç öåëåé ýòîé<br />

ìåæäóíàðîäíîé îðãàíèçàöèè<br />

ÿâëÿåòñÿ è ñîõðàíåíèå ñâÿçåé ñ<br />

ïðîæèâàþùèìè â Ãðóçèè<br />

àññèðèéöàìè. 18<br />

 Ãàðäàáàíè ñóùåñòâóåò ôèëèàë<br />

êîíãðåññà àññèðèéñêèé êóëüòóðíûé<br />

öåíòð «Áýò Íàõðàéí», à<br />

òàêæå ïðåäñòàâèòåëüñòâî â Êóòàèñè<br />

è â ñåëå Ñòàðàÿ Êàíäà.<br />

34<br />

34<br />

Âûïóñêàåòñÿ ãàçåòà «Àâþòà», 19 â<br />

êîòîðîé ïå÷àòàþòñÿ ñòàòüè íà<br />

ãðóçèíñêîì è ðóññêîì ÿçûêàõ.<br />

Ãàçåòà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïå÷àòíûì îðãàíîì<br />

Ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî íàöèîíàëüíîãî<br />

êîíãðåññà àññèðèéöåâ<br />

Ãðóçèè. Íî, â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ,<br />

èç-çà ôèíàíñîâûõ ïðîáëåì îíà<br />

âûõîäèò íåðåãóëÿðíî.<br />

 1995 ãîäó â Òáèëèñè áûëà îñíîâàíà<br />

Àññèðèéñêî-Õàëäåéñêàÿ<br />

êàòîëè÷åñêàÿ ìèññèÿ, êîòîðóþ<br />

âîçãëàâèë îòåö Áåíÿìèí Á. ßäãàð.<br />

Öåëè äåÿòåëüíîñòè ìèññè îõâàòûâàþò<br />

òðè ñôåðû: äóõîâíóþ,<br />

ãóìàíèòàðíóþ è îáðàçîâàòåëüíóþ.<br />

Îñîáóþ ïîìîùü ìèññèÿ<br />

îêàçûâàåò ñîöèàëüíî íåçàùèùåííûì<br />

àññèðèéöàì. Êðîìå<br />

ýòîãî, ïðè ìèññèè äåéñòâóþò<br />

êóðñû ïî èçó÷åíèþ íîâîãî<br />

ñèðèéñêîãî ÿçûêà è ìîëîäåæíûå<br />

ãðóïïû. 20<br />

Ïðàâîñëàâíûå èëè Êàòîëèêè<br />

Çà ñâîþ èñòîðèþ àññèðèéöû<br />

áûëè ïîñëåäîâàòåëÿìè äâóõ<br />

ðåëèãèé. Ïåðâîé ðåëèãèåé<br />

àññèðèéöåâ áûë àøóðèçì. Àøóðà<br />

áûë áîãîì àññèðèéöåâ, îòêóäà è<br />

ïðîèñõîäèò ñëîâî «àññèðèåö».<br />

Íî, â III â. íàøåé ýðû áîëüøèíñòâî<br />

àññèðèéöåâ ïðèíÿëè<br />

õðèñòèàíñòâî. Ïî ñîîáùåíèþ<br />

Ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî èíôîðìàöèîííîãî<br />

àãåíòñòâà àññèðèéöåâ, â<br />

ìèðå àññèðèéöû ïðèíàäëåæàò<br />

ðàçëè÷íûì õðèñòèàíñêèì öåðêâàì:<br />

Õàëäåéñêîé – 45%, Ñèðèéñêîé<br />

îðòîäîêñàëüíîé (ÿêîáèòñêîé)<br />

– 26%, Âîñòî÷íîé Öåðêâè<br />

– 19%, Ñèðèéñêîé êàòîëè-<br />

÷åñêîé – 4%, äðóãèì – 6%. 21<br />

Âî âðåìåíà êîììóíèñòè÷åñêîãî<br />

ïðàâëåíèÿ àññèðèéöû èñïûòûâàëè<br />

ïðîáëåìû â ñâÿçè ñî ñâîèì<br />

âåðîèñïîâåäàíèåì è îíè<br />

íàõîäèëèñü ïîä áåçìîëâíûì<br />

ïîêðîâèòåëüñòâîì Ïðàâîñëàâíîé

Öåðêâè. 85% àññèðèéöåâ,<br />

êîòîðûå â êàòîëè÷åñêîé öåðêâè<br />

ïðèñóòñòâóþò íà àññèðèéñêîõàëäåéñêîé<br />

ëèòóðãèè, ÿâëÿþòñÿ<br />

ïðàâîñëàâíûìè. Âïåðâûå<br />

àññèðèéñêî-õàëäåéñêàÿ ëèòóðãèÿ<br />

â Òáèëèñè ïðîøëà â 1995 ãîäó â<br />

êàòîëè÷åñêîé öåðêâè. Áîãîñëóæåíèå<br />

ïðîâîäèò Áåíÿìèí Áåòßäãàð<br />

22 , êîòîðûé ÿâëÿåòñÿ<br />

ãëàâîé Àññèðèéñêî-õàëäåéñêîé<br />

Öåðêâè â Þæíîì Êàâêàçå. Ïðè<br />

öåðêâè ôóíêöèîíèðóåò âîñêðåñíàÿ<br />

øêîëà, â êîòîðîé ïðåïîäàþò<br />

àññèðèéñêèé ÿçûê, èñòîðèþ<br />

ðåëèãèè. Êàæäîå âîñêðåñåíüå<br />

ëèòóðãèÿ ïðîâîäèòñÿ è â Ãàðäàáàíè.<br />

 ñåëå Ñòàðàÿ Êàíäà<br />

îáñòàíîâêà îòëè÷àåòñÿ, òàê êàê<br />

áîëüøèíñòâî íàñåëåíèÿ õîäèò â<br />

ïðàâîñëàâíóþ öåðêîâü. Èíòåðåñíî,<br />

÷òî 90% àññèðèéöåâ, êîòîðûå<br />

â Òáèëèñè õîäÿò íà ëèòóðãèþ,<br />

ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðàâîñëàâíûìè.<br />

Êîãäà àññèðèéöû ïîñåëèëèñü â<br />

Ãðóçèè, èõ áîëüøèíñòâî áûëè<br />

íåñòîðèàíàìè, à òàêæå êàòîëèêàìè<br />

è ïðàâîñëàâíûìè. Â Ãðóçèè<br />

î íèõ çàáîòèëàñü Ïðàâîñëàâíàÿ<br />

Öåðêîâü. Â ðåçóëüòàòå, ýòîò<br />

íàðîä, ôàêòè÷åñêè, ñòàë ïðàâîñëàâíûì.<br />

 êàòîëè÷åñêîé öåðêâè<br />

ëèòóðãèÿ ïðîâîäèòñÿ íà àðàìåéñêîì<br />

ÿçûêå. Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ<br />

â Òáèëèñè íåò öåðêâè ñ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé<br />

ñòðóêòóðîé è<br />

àðõèòåêòóðîé, ãäå ìîæíî áûëî<br />

áû ïðîâîäèòü ðåëèãèîçíûå<br />

ðèòóàëû ïî àññèðèéñêî-õàëäåéñêèì<br />

êàíîíàì è ïðàâèëàì. 23<br />

Âîçâðàùåíèå<br />

Èñòîðè÷åñêèõ Ôàìèëèé<br />

Íàñòîÿùèå àññèðèéñêèå ôàìèëèè<br />

íà÷èíàþòñÿ íà Áèò (äîì,<br />

ñåìüÿ) è Áàð (ñûí). Îäíà ÷àñòü<br />

àññèðèéöåâ èçìåíèëà ñâîè ôàìèëèè<br />

íà ðóññêîå îêîí÷àíèå<br />

“îâ”. (Ðîññèéñêîå îêîí÷àíèå â<br />

ôàìèëèÿõ ïîÿâèëîñü ïîñëå<br />

ïîñåëåíèÿ àññèðèéöåâ íà òåððèòîðèþ<br />

Ãðóçèè â ñîñòàâå Ðîññèéñêîé<br />

èìïåðèè). Íàñòîÿùåé<br />

ôàìèëèåé Èâàíîâà ÿâëÿåòñÿ Áèò<br />

Þõàíàí (èç äîìà Éîõàíà), Àêîïîâà<br />

– Áèò ßêó. Ó ïðîæèâàþùèõ<br />

â Çàïàäíîé Ãðóçèè àññèðèéöåâ<br />

åñòü ãðóçèíñêèå ôàìèëèè,<br />

êîòîðûå çàêàí÷èâàþòñÿ íà<br />

«äçå»: Èîíàíèäçå, Àøêàøèäçå, 24<br />

Áåëàäçå, 25 Áàäàâèäçå (Áèò Áàäàâ)<br />

è ò.ä. Ðóññêîå îêîí÷àíèå áûëî<br />

õàðàêòåðíî òàêæå è ãðå÷åñêèì è<br />

àçåðáàéäæàíñêèì ôàìèëèÿì.<br />

Ïîñëå ðàñïàäà Ñîâåòñêîãî Ñîþçà<br />

íà÷àëàñü òåíäåíöèÿ âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ<br />

ôàìèëèé. Àññèðèéöû:<br />

Èâàíîâ âîçâðàòèë Áèò Þõàíàí,<br />

Áàäàâèäçå – Áèò Áàäàâ. 26<br />

Çàêëþ÷åíèå<br />

Èç-çà ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ<br />

ïðîáëåì è ïî ñëîâàì ñàìèõ<br />

àññèðèéöåâ, èç-çà áåñïåðñïåêòèâíîñòè<br />

èõ æèçíè â Ãðóçèè,<br />

îæèäàåòñÿ, ÷òî ìèãðàöèîííûå<br />

ïðîöåññû â àññèðèéñêîì íàñåëåíèè<br />

ïðîäîëæàòñÿ è â äàëüíåéøåì,<br />

÷òî ñòàíåò ïðè÷èíîé<br />

ðàäèêàëüíîãî ñîêðàùåíèÿ èõ<br />

÷èñëåííîñòè â áëèæàéøèå ãîäû.<br />

Ìèãðàöèîííûå íàñòðîåíèÿ îñîáåííî<br />

çàìåòíû ñðåäè ðóññêîÿçû÷íûõ<br />

àññèðèéöåâ (Òáèëèñè,<br />

Ãàðäàáàíè), òàê êàê çà ïîñëåäíèå<br />

10-15 ëåò èç-çà ÿçûêîâûõ<br />

èëè äðóãèõ ôàêòîðîâ îíè ìåíåå<br />

âñåãî ñìîãëè èíòåãðèðîâàòüñÿ â<br />

ãðóçèíñêîå îáùåñòâî. ×òî êàñàåòñÿ<br />

àññèðèéöåâ, ïðîæèâàþùèõ<br />

â ñåëå Ñòàðàÿ Êàíäà, óðîâåíü èõ<br />

èíòåãðàöèè â ãðóçèíñêîå îáùåñòâî<br />

äîâîëüíî âûñîê. Ôàêòè÷åñêè,<br />

ìîæíî ñêàçàòü, ÷òî îíè àññèìèëèðîâàëèñü.<br />

Ïîýòîìó, êðîìå<br />

ñòîÿùèõ ïåðåä íèìè ñîöèàëüíîýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ<br />

ïðîáëåì ñàìûì<br />

àêòóàëüíûì âîïðîñîì ÿâëÿåòñÿ<br />

ñîõðàíåíèå ñàìîáûòíîñòè, ÷òî<br />

ñòàíîâèòñÿ âñå áîëåå òðóäíî-<br />

35<br />

35<br />

äîñòèæèìûì äëÿ ìàëî÷èñëåííîãî<br />

àññèðèéñêîãî ñåëåíèÿ áåç<br />

öåëåíàïðàâëåííîé è ñâîåâðåìåííîé<br />

ïîìîùè îò àññèðèéñêèõ<br />

îðãàíèçàöèé.<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

eTnosebi saqarTveloSi<br />

ÇÀÌÅ×ÀÍÈÈ<br />

1 À. Ê. Ìàòâååâ, Ê. Ï. Ìàòâååâ, Èñòîðèÿ è Ýòíîãðàôèÿ Àññèðèéöåâ, Àêàäåìèÿ Íàóê<br />

ÑÑÑÐ, 1990, 35-38.<br />

2 Ïî ýòèì âîïðîñàì ñì.: Âûñòóïëåíèå âèöå-ïðåçèäåíòà Ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî íàöèîíàëüíîãî<br />

êîíðãåññà àññèðèéöåâ Ãðóçèè Äàâèäà Àäàìîâà íà êîíôåðåíöèè «Ãðóçèÿ – ìíîãîíàöèîíàëüíîå<br />

ãîñóäàðñòâî», Òáèëèñè, 4-5 ìàðòà, 2002 ã., 38-40; Äàâèä Àäàìîâ, «Êîíôåðåíöèÿ,<br />

Èñòîðèÿ è ðåàëèè ýòíè÷åñêèõ îáùèí Ãðóçèè», 9 íîÿáðÿ 2001, 6-7.<br />

3 Ïààòà Ãóãóøâèëè, Âîïðîñû âîñïðîèçâîäñòâà íàñåëåíèÿ Ãðóçèíñêîé ÑÑÐ, èçäàòåëüñòâî<br />

«Ìåöíèåðåáà» (Íàóêà), Òáèëèñè, 1973, 164, 167.<br />

4 Ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé äåïàðòàìåíò ñòàòèñòèêè Ãðóçèè, Ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèé åæåãîäíèê Ãðóçèè-<br />

2001, Íàöèîíàëüíûé ñîñòàâ íàñåëåíèÿ, 37. Õîòÿ, ïî çàÿâëåíèþ äåéñòâóþùèõ â Ãðóçèè<br />

àññèðèéñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèé, ýòè öèôðû íå ñîîòâåòñòâóåò äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè è èõ ÷èñëî<br />

äîñòèãàëî 12 òûñÿ÷.<br />

5 Ðåçóëüòàòû ïåðâîé íàöèîíàëüíîé ïåðåïèñè íàñåëåíèÿ Ãðóçèè â 2002 ã., òîì I, Òáèëèñè,<br />

2003, 110.<br />

6 World Assyrian Population [www.aina.org].<br />

7 Ïðèìå÷àòåëüíî, ÷òî íà÷èíàÿ ñ 2002 ãîäà ïî ñåé äåíü, ðàç â ãîäó, â Ìåæäóíàðîäíîì<br />

ñïîðòèâíî-êóëüòóðíîì ôåñòèâàëå àññèðèéöåâ â Èðàíå, íàðÿäó ñ ïðèáûâàþùèìè èç<br />

ðàçëè÷íûõ ñòðàí àññèðèéöàìè ïðèíèìàåò ó÷àñòèå è ñïîðòèâíàÿ êîìàíäà ãðóçèíñêèõ<br />

àññèðèéöåâ: “Assyrians hold international sport-cultural festival in Orumiyeh“, IRNA, 19<br />

July 2003; ãàçåòà Àâþòà, 6, àïðåëü, 1999 ã..<br />

8 Jan Pacal, “What happened to the Turkish Assyrians?” Turkish Daily News, 29 August 1996;<br />

Racho Donef, “Assyrians in Turkey: Ethnic and Religious Recognation Revisted”, Atour.com,<br />

28 August 2003 [www.atour.com/govenrment/docs/20030828a.html].<br />

9 Mihran Toumajan, “Armenian Census Results”, Armenian News Network/Groong, February<br />

27, 2004.<br />

10 Ïî èíôîðìàöèè äåéñòâóþùèõ â Ãðóçèè àññèðèéñêèõ îðãàíèçàöèé, â Íîâîïàâëîâñêå, â<br />

Ñòàâðîïîëüñêîì êðàþ, ïðîæèâàåò îêîëî 40 ñåìåé àññèðèéöåâ, èììèãðèðîâàâøèõ èç<br />

Ãðóçèè.<br />

11 Àâòàíäèë Ñîíãóëàøâèëè, Êóëüòóðà íàöèîíàëüíûõ ìåíüøèíñòâ â Ãðóçèè, Òáèëèñè,<br />

«Ìåöíèåðåáà», 2002, 29-30.<br />

12 Ãðóçèíñêàÿ ñîâåòñêàÿ ýíöèêëîïåäèÿ, òîì I, ñì. Ñëîâî «Àññèðèéñêèé ÿçûê», 662, 1975,<br />

Òáèëèñè.<br />

13 Äèíà Áèò-Ñóëåéìàí, “Èçó÷èòü, ïîêà íå èñ÷åçëè “, Àâþòà, N7, ñåíòÿáðü, 1999.<br />

14 Àâòàíäèë Ñîíãóëàøâèëè, ... 55-56.<br />

15 Ë. Áèò-Âàðäè, «×àñòü ìîåé äóøè – ìîÿ ðàáîòà», Àâþòà, 5 ìàðòà, 1998 ã.16 Âûñòóïëåíèå<br />

Äàâèäà Àäàìîâà ... 38-40.<br />

17 Ìàðãàðèòà Þõàíîâà, “Äðåâíèå òàíöû âíîâü íà ñöåíå“, Àâþòà, N8, äåêàáðü, 1999.<br />

18 “New AUA Advisors & Committee Chairs Elected in London“, Zinda Magazine, Saturday,<br />

23 July 2005.<br />

19 K. Kokoev, G. Svanidze, L. Melikishvili, “Interview with Mr. Genadi Ivanov, one of the<br />

Heads of the International Assyrian Congress in Georgia”, National Minorities in Georgia,<br />

1999, Tbilisi, 17-18.<br />

20 Fr. Benny B. Yadgar, “Caucasus, Georgia, Tbilisi - Brief History of Mision”, Detroit, 2002;<br />

The Assyrian-Georgian Relief Fund, 1998 Annual Report.<br />

21 Assyrian International News Agency [www.aina.org].<br />

22 Father Benny Bethyadgar, Assyrian Directory of California, 3 July 2001 [www.atour.com/<br />

~people/20010703m].<br />

23 Èðàêëè ×èõëàäçå, “Áåíüÿìèí Áåò-ßäãàð: Âñå êîíôåññèè ïðèçâàíû æèòü â ìèðå”,<br />

Êàâêàçñêèé Àêöåíò, 01.07-15-07, 2003.<br />

24 â îñíîâíîì ïåðåñåëèëèñü â Ìîñêâó.<br />

25 â îñíîâíîì ïåðåñåëèëèñü â Çàïîðîæüå, Óêðàèíà.<br />

26 Manana Kock Kobaidze, “Minority identity and identity maintance in Georgia”, Lund<br />

University, Dept. of Linguistics, Working Papers 47 (1999), 149-168.<br />

36<br />

36

Óæå ñ 6 ÷àñîâ óòðà îêîëî äîìà<br />

ãîðåëîâñêîãî òðàêòîðèñòà Îëåãà<br />

ñëûøíû âîçìóùåííûå êðèêè è<br />

íåöåíçóðíûå ñëîâà. Êàæäûé èç<br />

ìåñòíûõ æèòåëåé ñòàðàåòñÿ ïîáûñòðåå<br />

ñ íèì äîãîâîðèòüñÿ, ÷òîáû<br />

åãî áðèãàäà èç òð¸õ ÷åëîâåê<br />

è ñòàðîé òåõíèêè ñêîñèëà â ïåðâóþ<br />

î÷åðåäü èìåííî åãî ó÷àñòîê.<br />

«Ïîâàëèëî èõ – âñåì ñðàçó çàõîòåëîñü<br />

êîñèòü. Óæå ïî íî÷àì<br />

ðàáîòàåì è âñ¸ ðàâíî íå óñïåâàåì»,<br />

- ãîâîðèò Îëåã, ó êîòîðîãî<br />

â ñåëå åù¸ ñ äåñÿòîê êîíêóðåíòîâ.<br />

Òàêîé àæèîòàæ ñ ïîêîñîì ñåíà<br />

ñëó÷èëñÿ âïåðâûå çà âñþ èñòîðèþ<br />

ñåëà Ãîðåëîâêà, ðàñïîëîæåííîãî<br />

â Ñàìöõå-Äæàâàõåòè â Íèíîöìèíäñêîì<br />

ðàéîíå ðÿäîì ñ ãðàíèöåé<br />

ñ Àðìåíèåé. Òîëüêî ñ<br />

íà÷àëîì ñåçîíà ñåíîêîñà ìåñòíûå<br />

æèòåëè ñìîãëè óçíàòü ãäå è<br />

ñêîëüêî çåìëè èì âûäåëèëè.<br />

Îíè âïåðâûå ñìîãëè ïîëó÷èòü<br />

ñîáñòâåííóþ çåìëþ â àðåíäó.<br />

«ß ïîø¸ë ê ãëàâå ñàêðåáóëî, è<br />

îí ìíå äàë 5 ãåêòàð. Íî ÿ 10<br />

Ïîñëåäíèé<br />

Êîëõîç<br />

ÎËÅÑß ÂÀÐÒÀÍßÍ<br />

 äóõîáîðñêîì ñåëå Ãîðåëîâêà ñîáèðàþòñÿ<br />

ðàñôîðìèðîâûâàòü åäèíñòâåííûé îñòàâøèéñÿ ñ ñîâåòñêèõ<br />

âðåì¸í êîëõîç, ÷òî ìîæåò ñòàòü ïîñëåäíèì øàãîì â<br />

ïðîöåññå ðàñïàäà äóõîáîðñêîé îáùèíû â Ãðóçèè.<br />

õîòåë. Ìíå áû ýòîãî òîæå<br />

õâàòèëî, åñëè áû áûë íîðìàëüíûé<br />

óðîæàé», - ãîâîðèò æèòåëü<br />

ñåëà Ãîðåëîâêà Âàðòêåç ʸðåõëÿí.<br />

Êàæäûé èç ìåñòíûõ àðìÿí áåç<br />

îñîáûõ ïðåòåíçèé ê ìåñòíîìó<br />

ñàêðåáóëî áåð¸ò âûäåëÿåìûå åìó<br />

çåìëè, òàê êàê ó áîëüøèíñòâà èç<br />

íèõ äî ýòîãî íå áûëî íè îäíîãî<br />

ãåêòàðà çåìëè, è äëÿ ñîäåðæàíèÿ<br />

ñâîåãî õîçÿéñòâà èì ïðèõîäèëîñü<br />

âñ¸ ñåíî çàêóïàòü.<br />

Ìåñòíûå ðóññêèå ðàññìàòðèâàþò<br />

ýòî êàê äîïîëíèòåëüíûé äîõîä,<br />

è ìíîãèå èç íèõ, íå ïîíèìàÿ<br />

îòêóäà âçÿëèñü âûäàííûå èì<br />

çåìëè, æäóò ïîêà ñìîãóò ñêîñèòü<br />

è òî ñåíî, êîòîðîå â ïðîøëûå<br />

ãîäû èì äîñòàâàëîñü îò òàê<br />

íàçûâàåìîãî «êîëõîçà».<br />

Âñå âûäàâàåìûå â ýòîì ãîäó<br />

çåìëè âîêðóã ñåëà Ãîðåëîâêà â<br />

ïðåäûäóùèå ãîäû íàõîäèëèñü<br />

ïîä ñåëüõîçêîîïåðàòèâîì «Äóõîáîðåö»,<br />

êîòîðûé ìåñòíûå<br />

æèòåëè ïðèâûêëè íàçûâàòü «êîëõîç».<br />

Åãî çåìëÿìè ìîãëè ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ<br />

òîëüêî ðóññêèå-äóõî-<br />

37<br />

37<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

eTnosebi saqarTveloSi<br />

áîðöû. Ïðè ýòîì ÷èñëî ðóññêèõ<br />

çà ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû ñíèçèëîñü äî<br />

ïîëîâèíû, âòîðóþ ïîëîâèíó<br />

ñîñòàâëÿþò àðìÿíå è ãðóçèíû.<br />

 ýòîì ãîäó ìåñòíîå ñàêðåáóëî<br />

è çåìåëüíàÿ êîìèññèÿ çàáðàëè ó<br />

êîîïåðàòèâà ïî÷òè 5000 ãåêòàð è<br />

ðàçäàëè åãî ìåñòíûì àðìÿíàì,<br />

ðóññêèì è ãðóçèíàì, îñòàâèâ<br />

«Äóõîáîðöó» òîëüêî 600 ãåêòàð<br />

çåìëè.<br />

«Ïî÷òè âñÿ ýòà çåìëÿ – áûëà<br />

ñîáñòâåííîñòüþ äóõîáîðñêîé<br />

îáùèíû. Íè ìåòðà íèêîìó íå<br />

äàâàëè.  2002 ãîäó âñ¸ íàñåëåíèå<br />

àðìÿí è ðóññêèõ áåç êîîïåðàòèâà<br />

èìåëî â àðåíäå òîëüêî 40<br />

ãåêòàð çåìëè. Âîò êàæäûé ãîä<br />

çàõâàòûâàëè äàâàëè íàðîäó. Ïîñòîÿííî<br />

âîéíà áûëà ñ ïðåäñåäàòåëåì<br />

êîëõîçà - îí çåìëþ íå<br />

äà¸ò, à ìû îòáèðàåì», - ãîâîðèò<br />

ïðåäñåäàòåëü ãîðåëîâñêîãî<br />

ñàêðåáóëî Àçàò Åãîÿí.<br />

Ýòîò êîîïåðàòèâ áûë îñíîâàí<br />

ìåñòíîé äóõîáîðñêîé îáùèíîé â<br />

1997 ãîäó è ïî óñòàâó âñ¸ åãî<br />

èìóùåñòâî è çåìëè ïðèíàäëåæèò<br />

òîëüêî ðóññêîìó íàñåëåíèþ<br />

38<br />

38<br />

Ãîðåëîâêè. Îáðàç óñòðîéñòâà<br />

ðàáîòû ýòîãî êîîïåðàòèâà áûë<br />

ñîõðàí¸í îò ñóùåñòâîâàâøåãî äî<br />

òåõ ïîð Ãîðåëîâñêîãî Êîëõîçà<br />

èìåíè Ëåíèíà. Â ñîâåòñêîå âðåìÿ<br />

ýòîò êîëõîç áûë îäíèì èç êðóïíåéøèõ<br />

õîçÿéñòâ Ãðóçèè. Îí<br />

ñíàáæàë êðóïíûå ãîðîäà îñîáûì<br />

ñîðòîì øâåéöàðñêîãî ñûðà è<br />

íåñêîëüêî ðàç ïîëó÷àë çâàíèå<br />

ëó÷øåãî â Ñîâåòñêîì Ñîþçå.<br />

Ñåãîäíÿ êîîïåðàòèâ èìååò<br />

ïî÷òè â òðè ðàçà ìåíüøå êîðîâ,<br />

÷åì 20 ëåò íàçàä, è ïðîèçâîäèò<br />

òîëüêî ìîëîêî, êîòîðîå ïðîäà¸ò<br />

ìåñòíûì ôåðìåðàì. Âñå ðàáîòíèêè<br />

êîëõîçà ñ ñàìîãî îñíîâàíèÿ<br />

è äî ñåãîäíÿøíåãî äíÿ ðóññêèå-äóõîáîðû,<br />

êîòîðûå äî êîíöà<br />

90õ ãîäîâ ñîñòàâëÿëè áîëüøèíñòâî<br />

íàñåëåíèÿ Ãîðåëîâêè.<br />

Ïîñëå ðàñïàäà Ñîâåòñêîãî Ñîþçà<br />

ðóññêèå èç Ãîðåëîâêè è äðóãèõ<br />

äóõîáîðñêèõ ñ¸ë íà÷àëè ïåðååçæàòü<br />

â Ðîññèþ, ïðîäàâàÿ ñâîè<br />

äîìà ïðèåçæèì ãðóçèíàì è ïåðåñåëèâøèìñÿ<br />

èç îòäàë¸ííûõ ñ¸ë<br />

Íèíîöìèíäñêîãî ðàéîíà àðìÿíàì.<br />

Íî ðóññêèå íå ìîãëè ïðîäàòü<br />

âìåñòå ñ äîìîì è âõîäèâøóþ<br />

â ñîñòàâ êîîïåðàòèâà èõ<br />

÷àñòü çåìëè.<br />

«Äëÿ ýòîãî íàäî áûëî ïðîâîäèòü<br />

ñîáðàíèå. Íî òàêîãî âîïðîñà íà<br />

ïîâåñòêå äíÿ íå ñòîÿëî», - ãîâîðèò<br />

ïðåäñåäàòåëü êîîïåðàòèâà<br />

Ô¸äîð Ãîí÷àðîâ.<br />

Ïî åãî ñëîâàì, ïðèåçæèå àðìÿíå<br />

è ãðóçèíû â êîîïåðàòèâ íå ïðèíèìàëèñü<br />

è ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ åãî<br />

çåìëÿìè íå ìîãëè.<br />

«Ïî íàøåìó óñòàâó âñå â êîëõîç<br />

äîëæíû áûëè âíîñèòü ñâîé ïàé.<br />

À îíè ýòîãî äåëàòü íå õîòåëè.<br />

Äà è ó íàñ ñâîèõ ëþäåé õâàòàëî.<br />

Êîîïåðàòèâ íà òî è íàçûâàëñÿ<br />

«Äóõîáîðåö», ÷òî â í¸ì äîëæíû<br />

áûëè áûòü òîëüêî äóõîáîðû», -<br />

ãîâîðèò Ô¸äîð Ãîí÷àðîâ.

Ïî ñëîâàì ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿ äóõîáîðñêîé<br />

îáùèíû Ëþáîâü Äåìèíîé,<br />

ñàì îáðàç âåäåíèÿ êîëõîçíîãî<br />

õîçÿéñòâà áûë ïðîäîëæåíèåì<br />

îáùåñòâåííîãî óñòîÿ<br />

ðóññêèõ-äóõîáîðöåâ.<br />

«Èñïîêîí âåêîâ äóõîáîðû ïðèâûêëè<br />

æèòü îáùèíîé è êîììóíîé.<br />

Îíè âèäåëè â ýòîì îïîðó,<br />

òàê êàê ïðèâûêëè, ÷òî âñ¸ äîëæíî<br />

áûòü îáùåñòâåííîå», -<br />

ãîâî-ðèò ÷ëåí äóõîáîðñêîé<br />

îáùèíû Ëþáîâü Äåìèíà.<br />

 ñåðåäèíå 19-îãî âåêà ðóññêèåäóõîáîðöû<br />

îñíîâàëè â Äæàâàõåòè<br />

íåñêîëüêî äåðåâåíü, ñàìàÿ<br />

áîëüøàÿ èç êîòîðûõ ñòàëà Ãîðåëîâêà.<br />

Ïî ïðèêàçó ðóññêîãî öàðÿ<br />

ñþäà èõ ïåðåñåëèëè èç Òàâðè-<br />

÷åñêîé ãóáåðíèè (Êðûìñêèé<br />

ïîëóîñòðîâ) çà îòêàç èñïîâåäîâàòü<br />

ïðàâîñëàâíîå õðèñòèàíñòâî.<br />

Äóõîáîðöû, â îòëè÷èå îò äðóãèõ<br />

õðèñòèàí, íå èìåþò öåðêîâíîñëóæèòåëåé,<br />

íå ïîêëîíÿþòñÿ<br />

èêîíàì è íå ñòàâÿò ñâå÷è.<br />

«Çäåñü íèêàê íå õîòåëè ïåðåñòðàèâàòüñÿ<br />

ê íîâîìó îáðàçó. Âñå<br />

îñòàëüíûå êîëõîçû, ñóùåñòâîâàâøèå<br />

â ðàéîíå, ïðîñòî-íàïðîñòî<br />

ëèêâèäèðîâàëèñü. Ìû æå íàø<br />

òîëüêî ðåîðãàíèçîâàëè. Âñÿ ýòî<br />

ïîòîìó, ÷òî òàê ñ÷èòàëîñü, ÷òî<br />

ïîêà æèâ¸ò íàøå îáùåñòâåííîå<br />

õîçÿéñòâî – áóäåì æèòü è ìû»,<br />

– ãîâîðèò Ëþáîâü Äåìèíà.<br />

«Ñàìè ëþäè íå âèíîâàòû. Òàì<br />

èõ ðóêîâîäèòåëè íå õîòåëè, ÷òîáû<br />

îáùèíà ïîëó÷àëà ñâîè îòäåëüíûå<br />

ó÷àñòêè, ïîòîìó ÷òî<br />

îíè áîÿëèñü, ÷òî åñëè îíè áóäóò<br />

èìåòü ñâîè ó÷àñòêè, òî ðàáîòàòü<br />

íà íèõ óæå íå áóäóò. Âèäèìî,<br />

ïîä ýòèì ïðåäëîãîì íå äàâàëè»,<br />

- ãîâîðèò èñïîëíÿþùèé îáÿçàííîñòè<br />

ãàìãåáåëè Íèíîöìèíäñêîãî<br />

ðàéîíà Ìåëüñ Áäîÿí.<br />

Ïîñëå åãî îôèöèàëüíîãî ïèñüìà<br />

â àäìèíèñòðàöèþ ïðåçèäåíòà ñ<br />

îïèñàíèåì íàðóøåíèé óñëîâèé<br />

äîãîâîðà ñ êîîïåðàòèâîì íà<br />

àðåíäó çåìëè, â Ãîðåëîâêå íà÷àëñÿ<br />

ïðîöåññ ðàçäà÷è ó÷àñòêîâ.<br />

«Ýòî íåçàêîííûé äîêóìåíò (äîãîâîð<br />

íà àðåíäó çåìëè), ïîòîìó<br />

÷òî â í¸ì íåò íè ïîñòàíîâëåíèÿ<br />

ãàìãåîáû, íè ðåãèñòðàöèè (â çåìåëüíîì<br />

ðååñòðå)», – ãîâîðèò<br />

Ìåëüñ Áäîÿí.<br />

«Êîãäà ìû íà÷àëè åçäèòü è<br />

ïîäíèìàòü âîïðîñû, ÷òî ó íàñ<br />

çåìëè çàáèðàþò, âûÿñíèëîñü,<br />

÷òî íàëîãîâàÿ íà íàø ñ÷¸ò<br />

íàëîæèëà äîëã â 4 ìèëëèîíà<br />

ëàðè. Âîò ÷òîáû ìû ñåëè è<br />

ñèäåëè, è ðîò íå îòêðûâàëè, íàì<br />

ïîâåñèëè ýòó çàäîëæíîñòü», –<br />

ðàññêàçûâàåò Ô¸äîð Ãîí÷àðîâ.<br />

Ïî ñëîâàì èíñïåêòîðà îòäåëà<br />

àäìèíèñòðèðîâàíèÿ íàëîãîâ<br />

Íèíîöìèíäñêãî ðàéîíà Ëåâîíà<br />

Ìõèòàðÿíà, ðóêîâîäñòâî êîëõîçà<br />

â òå÷åíèå äîëãîãî âðåìåíè<br />

çíàëî î äîëãå ïî âûïëàòå íàëîãîâ.<br />

Áîëüøàÿ åãî ÷àñòü ïåðåøëà<br />

êîîïåðàòèâó ïîñëå ðåîðãàíèçàöèè<br />

êîëõîçà â 1997 ãîäó.<br />

«Â òîò æå ìåñÿö ìû íà÷èñëèëè<br />

äîëã ïî íàëîãàì íà åù¸ 41 áàíêîâñêèé<br />

ñ÷¸ò ðàéîííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé.<br />

Ýòî áûëî â èþíå 2005<br />

ãîäà, íî îíè ýòî îáíàðóæèëè<br />

òîëüêî âåñíîé ýòîãî ãîäà. ß<br />

ãîâîðèë ïðåäñåäàòåëþ îá ýòîì,<br />

íî òîëüêî óñòíî», – ãîâîðèò<br />

Ëåâîí Ìõèòàðÿí.<br />

Ïðè ýòîì îí îòìå÷àåò, ÷òî<br />

êîîïåðàòèâ â òå÷åíèå ïî÷òè 10<br />

ëåò ñ÷èòàëñÿ îäíèì èç îñíîâíûõ<br />

íàëîãîïëàòèëüùèêîâ ðàéîíà.<br />

«Êîîïåðàòèâó äîëãî íå äàâàëè<br />

äîãîâîðà (äî 2002 ãîäà), ïîòîìó<br />

÷òî òîãäà èì âñå íàëîãè îò êîîïåðàòèâà<br />

ïðèøëîñü áû îòäàâàòü<br />

â ðàéîííûé áþäæåò. À òàê îíè<br />

áðàëè ïî÷òè ïîëîâèíó îò âñåõ<br />

ýòèõ íàëîãîâ è ëîæèëè ñåáå â<br />

êàðìàí, à íàâåðõó ãîâîðèëè, ÷òî<br />

39<br />

39<br />

íèêòî â Ãîðåëîâêå íå õî÷åò áðàòü<br />

çåìëè â àðåíäó», – ãîâîðèò îäèí<br />

èç ÷èíîâíèêîâ ãàìãåîáû Íèíîöìèíäñêãî<br />

ðàéîíà, ïîæåëàâøèé<br />

îñòàòüñÿ íåíàçâàííûì.<br />

«Ìû òîãäà è íå çíàëè, ÷òî íàäî<br />

äîãîâîðà âíîñèòü â ðååñòð. Â æóðíàëå<br />

äîãîâîð íàïèñàí, íî êàðàíäàø¸ì.<br />

×òî-òî òîãäà õîòåëè<br />

íàìóäðèòü. Òàì íåò íèêàêèõ<br />

ïîäïèñåé è ïå÷àòåé», – ãîâîðèò<br />

íà÷àëüíèê íèíîöìèíäñêîãî<br />

àãåíñòâà ïóáëè÷íîãî ðååñòðà<br />

Ãàãèê Êàðñëÿí, ÷üåé ïîäïèñè íå<br />

õâàòàåò íà äîãîâîðå êîîïåðàòèâà<br />

îá àðåíäå çåìëè, ÷òîáû îí<br />

ñ÷èòàëñÿ îôèöèàëüíûì.<br />

«ß íå çíàþ ïî÷åìó òàì ñòîèò<br />

ìî¸ èìÿ.  2002 ãîäó ó íàñ<br />

îôèöèàëüíî íå áûëî îôîðìëåíî<br />

íè îäíîãî äîãîâîðà è ñåé÷àñ<br />

ëþäè ïðèõîäÿò ñî ìíîé ðóãàòüñÿ.<br />

À ó íàñ âîîáùå ïî÷òè âñå äîãîâîðà<br />

â ðàéîíå òàêèå – áåç ðåãèñòðàöèè<br />

è ïîäïèñåé», – ãîâîðèò<br />

Ãàãèê Êàðñëÿí.<br />

«Çäåñü äåëî êàñàåòñÿ òîé áåñõîçíîñòè,<br />

êîòîðàÿ äîñòà¸òñÿ íàì<br />

ïî íàñëåäñòâó. Ñóùåñòâîâàëà<br />

êàêàÿ-òî îáùèíà, êîòîðàÿ íå<br />

ñàäèëàñü íè â êàêèå ðàìêè<br />

çàêîíà. Ó íå¸ áûëè ñâîè òðàäèöèè,<br />

ñâîè ïîðÿäêè, ñîõðàíÿëñÿ<br />

äî ñèõ ïîð êîëõîç. Æèëè â<br />

ñàìîèçîëÿöèè â òå÷åíèå ñòîëüêèõ<br />

ëåò. È íèêàêèå íàêàçàíèÿ<br />

íå êàñàëèñü ýòèõ ëþäåé. È íèêàêèå<br />

ãîñóäàðñòâåííûå ïîðÿäêè èõ<br />

íå êàñàëèñü», – ãîâîðèò ïðåäñòàâèòåëè<br />

ïðåçèäåíòà â Ñàìöõå-<br />

Äæàâàõåòè Ãîãà Õà÷èäçå.<br />

«Íî ÿ ñ÷èòàþ, ÷òî ñ ìîåé ñòîðîíû<br />

îíè íóæäàþòñÿ â îñîáîì<br />

âíèìàíèè. È ÿ ñ ìîåé ñòîðîíû<br />

ðàçãîâàðèâàë ñ íåñêîëüêèìè<br />

ìèíèñòðàìè íà ýòó òåìó. ß âûäâèíóë<br />

òàêîå ïðåäëîæåíèå, ÷òîáû<br />

ýòîò äîëã êàêèì-ëèáî îáðàçîì<br />

ñïèñàëè. ×òîáû áûëî ñïèñàíî<br />

òî, ÷òî ñêîïèëîñÿ ó ýòèõ ëþäåé<br />

õîòü è çàêîííûì ïóò¸ì, íî â ñè-<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

eTnosebi saqarTveloSi<br />

òóàöèè áåççàêîíèÿ», – ãîâîðèò<br />

îí.<br />

Ïðåäñåäàòåëü êîîïåðàòèâà<br />

ãîâîðèò, ÷òî åñëè â áëèæàéøåì<br />

áóäóùåì íå ðåøèòüñÿ âîïðîñ ñ<br />

äîëãîì è êîîïåðàòèâó íå äîáàâÿò<br />

çåìåëü, òî åìó ïðèä¸òñÿ ðàñôîðìèðîâàòü<br />

êîëõîç, ïîòîìó ÷òî<br />

òîãäà îí íå ñìîæåò ñîäåðæàòü<br />

èìåþùååñÿ ó íåãî õîçÿéñòâî. Èç<br />

òîãî, ÷òî ó íåãî îñòàëîñü îí<br />

íàìåðèâàåòñÿ ñäåëàòü ôåðìó.<br />

«Âñÿ ýòà èñòîðèÿ ñ çåìëåé âûòåêàåò<br />

èç òîãî, ÷òî ìíîãèå õîòÿò<br />

óåõàòü â Ðîññèþ ïî ïðîãðàììå<br />

ïðåçèäåíòà (Ïóòèíà) ïî âîçâðàùåíèþ<br />

ñîîòå÷åñòâåííèêîâ.<br />

Õîòÿò, ÷òîáû çåìëÿ íèêîìó íå<br />

äîñòàëàñü. Åñëè ó íàñ ìíîãî<br />

îñòàíåòñÿ çåìëè, òî ñþäà çàâòðà<br />

ïîñåëÿò êîãî-òî ñ Ãðóçèè. Íî<br />

çäåñü ìåñòíûå àðìÿíå íèêîãî íå<br />

õîòÿò, êðîìå ñâîèõ. À ãðóçèíû<br />

íå õîòÿò óïóñòèòü òàêîé øàíñ. Â<br />

ýòîì âñÿ ïîëèòèêà», – ãîâîðèò<br />

Ô¸äîð Ãîí÷àðîâ.<br />

«Ýòî äåëàåòñÿ ñïåöèàëüíî,<br />

÷òîáû îòïðàâèòü òåõ äóõîáîðîâ,<br />

÷òî çäåñü îñòàëèñü», – ãîâîðèò<br />

ïðåäñåäàòåëü äóõîáîðñêîé<br />

îáùèíû Òàòüÿíà ×ó÷ìàåâà.<br />

Ïî å¸ ñëîâàì, äóõîáîðû óæå<br />

ïîëó÷èëè ïðèãëàøåíèå îò íåñêîëüêèõ<br />

ãóáåðíèé Ðîññèè íà<br />

ïîñåëåíèå. Ðîññèéñêàÿ ñòîðîíà<br />

áåð¸ò íà ñåáÿ òðàíñïîðòèðîâêó<br />

è ïîêóïêó æèëüÿ. Â ñïèñîê,<br />

ñîñòàâëÿåìûé äóõîáîðûìè, óæå<br />

çàïèñàëèñü 180 ñåìåé, êîòîðûå<br />

õîòÿò ïåðååõàòü â Ðîññèþ.<br />

«Åñëè âñå ïîåäóò, òî è ìû ïîåäèì»,<br />

– ãîâîðèò Îëüãà Ìåäâåäåâà.<br />

Ÿ ñåìüÿ òîæå çàïèñàëàñü â ñïèñîê,<br />

íî îíè ïîêà íå çíàþò, êóäà<br />

èõ ïîñåëÿò è êîãäà ìîæåò íà÷àòüñÿ<br />

ïåðååçä.  ýòîì ãîäó å¸ ñåìüÿ<br />

òîæå ïîëó÷èëà 10 ãåêòàð çåìëè.<br />

Ïî å¸ ñëîâàì, ïðèìåðíî ñòîëüêî<br />

æå çåìëè èì êàæäûé ãîä<br />

äîñòàâàëîñü îò êîîïåðàòèâà.<br />

Óæå áîëüøå 20 ëåò îíà ðàáîòàåò<br />

äîÿðêîé â êîëõîçå. Ïî å¸ ñëîâàì,<br />

ðàíüøå «åñëè â äîìå áûëè äîÿðêà<br />

è òðàêòîðèñò, òî ýòà ñåìüÿ<br />

áûëà îáåñïå÷åííîé». Ñåé÷àñ â<br />

êîîïåðàòèâå ðàáîòàþò â îñíîâíîì<br />

æåíùèíû îêîëî 100 ÷åëîâåê<br />

è ïîëó÷àþò â ñðåäíåì îêîëî<br />

150 ëàðè â ìåñÿö.<br />

«Ñåé÷àñ âñå â îñíîâíîì æèâóò<br />

çà ñ÷¸ò ñâîåãî õîçÿéñòâà, à êîîïåðàòèâ<br />

äëÿ íèõ êàê äîïîëíèòåëüíàÿ<br />

ïîìîùü», – îáúÿñíÿåò<br />

Ô¸äîð Ãîí÷àðîâ.<br />

Ñ ñàìîãî îñíîâàíèÿ êîîïåðàòèâ<br />

îêàçàëñÿ óáûòî÷íûì ïðåäïðèÿòèåì.<br />

Íî íåñìîòðÿ íà ýòî îíè<br />

åãî íå ðàñôîðìèðîâûâàëè è íå<br />

ïûòàëèñü èçìåíèòü ìåõàíèçì<br />

ðàáîòû ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ.<br />

«Ìû âñåãäà æèëè îòäåëüíî. È<br />

ëþäè õîòåëè, ÷òîáû ýòîò ñòðîé<br />

ñîõðàíèëñÿ, ÷òîáû áûëà êàêàÿòî<br />

ðàáîòà è çàíÿòîñòü», – ãîâîðèò<br />

Ô¸äîð Ãîí÷àðîâ.<br />

«Ðàíüøå äåðæàëè ïî 2-3 êîðîâû.<br />

Äëÿ íèõ ìîãëè êóñòû âî äâîðàõ<br />

êîñèòü. À ñåé÷àñ áîëüøå äåðæàòü<br />

ñòàëè ñêîò è ñåíà èì áîëüøå<br />

íàäî», – îáúÿñíÿåò ìåñòíûé<br />

ôåðìåð Ëåâîí Àðàêåëÿí,<br />

ïåðåñåëèâøèéñÿ â Ãîðåëîâêó<br />

áîëüøå 10 ëåò íàçàä.<br />

 ýòîì ãîäó îí ïîëó÷èë 10 ãåêòàð<br />

çåìëè, êîòîðûå íàìåðèâàåòñÿ â<br />

áëèæàéøåå âðåìÿ ïðèâàòèçèðîâàòü.<br />

Äî ýòîãî îí òðàâó äëÿ ñâîåé<br />

êîðîâüåé ôåðìû çàêóïàë ó ìåñòíûõ<br />

ðóññêèõ è àðìÿí èç ñîñåäíèõ<br />

ñ¸ë. Ïî åãî ñëîâàì, ïîëó÷åííàÿ<br />

çåìëÿ ïîìîæåò åìó èìåòü<br />

áîëüøóþ ïðèáûëü îò ôåðìû.<br />

Ïî ñëîâàì ãëàâû ãîðåëîâñêîãî<br />

ñàêðåáëî, çåìëè â ýòîì ãîäó â<br />

ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü áûëè îòäàíû<br />

ìåñòíûì ôåðìåðàì, è òîëüêî<br />

40<br />

40<br />

ïîòîì áûëè îòäàíû îñòàëüíûì<br />

æèòåëÿì.<br />

«Îíè æå ñåðäöå ãîñóäàðñòâà.<br />

Îäèí ÷åëîâåê ñåãîäíÿ åñòü. Çàâòðà<br />

ïðîäàñò êîðîâ, óåäèò. À ýòî æå<br />

ìû áóäåì êîðìèòü ýòî ãîñóäàðñòâî»,<br />

– ãîâîðèò Àçàò Åãîÿí.<br />

«Åñëè áû ìû â ýòîì ãîäó ó íèõ<br />

çåìëè íå çàáðàëè, îíè áû èõ<br />

ñäåëàëè ñîáñòâåííîñòüþ, à<br />

ñîáñòâåííîñòü ïîòîì íèêàê íå<br />

çàáåð¸øü», – ãîâîðèò îí.<br />

Îñåíüþ ýòîãî ãîäà ìåñòíîå<br />

ñàêðåáóëî è çåìåëüíàÿ êîìèññèÿ<br />

íàìåðèâàþòñÿ ïðîâîäèòü àóêöèîíû<br />

íà ïðîäàæó çåìåëü.<br />

«Êàêîé ó÷àñòîê ìû èì äàëè, òîò<br />

îíè è áóäóò ïðèâàòèçèðîâàòü», -<br />

îáúÿñíÿåò ïðèíöèï ïðåäñòîÿùåãî<br />

àóêöèîíà ïðåäñåäàòåëü çåìåëüíîé<br />

êîìèññèè Àñêàíàñ Ìàðêîñÿí.<br />

Ïî åãî ñëîâàì, ó íèõ íå áûëî<br />

íèêàêèõ îïðåäåë¸ííûõ êðèòåðèåâ<br />

ïðè ðàçäà÷å çåìåëü. Íåêîòîðûì<br />

ñåìüÿì îíè îïðåäåëÿëè<br />

ãåêòàðû ïî êîëè÷åñòâó êîðîâ,<br />

íåêîòîðûì ïî êîëè÷åñòâó ÷åëîâåê.<br />

«Êàæäîé ñåìüå äóõîáîðîâ ìû<br />

âïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü äàëè ïî 6, ïî<br />

7, ïî15 ãåêòàð. È äàæå îñòàâèëè<br />

600 ãåêòàð ïðè êîëõîçå, à ìîãëè<br />

è ýòî çàáðàòü è ðàçäàòü. Âûõîäèò,<br />

÷òî ó âñåé îáùèíû òåïåðü<br />

ñåíîêîñà íà 2000 ãåêòàð», –<br />

ãîâîðèò Àçàò Åãîÿí.<br />

«Ìíå êàæåòñÿ, ÷òî ýòî èç-çà<br />

òîãî, ÷òî ðóññêèå ñìîãëè ñîõðàíèòü<br />

êîëõîç. Åñëè ïî-ðóññêè<br />

ãîâîðèòü – áåëüìî â ãëàçó. Âñå<br />

íà íåãî ïîêàçûâàþò. È íàø<br />

îáû÷àé êîëõîçíûé, îí ñåé÷àñ<br />

íèêîìó áîëüøå íå íóæåí», –<br />

ãîâîðèò Ô¸äîð Ãîí÷àðîâ.

demokratiul qveynebSi<br />

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis<br />

sferoSi erTi tendencia<br />

SeiniSneba, romlis safuZvelsac<br />

subsidiarobis principi<br />

warmoadgens: gaumarTlebelia<br />

ufro maRal safexurze mdgom<br />

xelisuflebas daekisros imis<br />

gakeTeba, risi gakeTebac ufro<br />

dabal safexurze mdgom saxelisuflebo<br />

organos SeuZlia.<br />

aseTi sistemis arsebobisas<br />

adgilobrivi sazogadoebis _<br />

moqalaqeTa jgufis, ubnis,<br />

soflis, Temis, dabis, qalaqis,<br />

kuTxis, regionis _ interesebis<br />

dakmayofileba dabal safexurze<br />

mdgomi xelisuflebis monitoringis<br />

gziT xorcieldeba.<br />

isic didad mniSvnelovania,<br />

rom globalizaciis epoqaSi<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis meSveobiT<br />

adgilobrivi TviTmyofadobis<br />

SenarCunebisTvis kargi pirobebi<br />

iqmneba.<br />

me-20 saukunis 80-iani wlebidan<br />

moyolebuli msoflioSi<br />

aseTi zogadi tendencia SeiniSneba:<br />

regionalizaciis<br />

ganviTareba decentralizaciis<br />

gaZlierebis mimarTulebiT.<br />

demokratiul samyaroSi karga<br />

xania mixvdnen, rom adgilobrivi<br />

demokratia xangrZlivi politikuri,<br />

socialuri da ekonomikuri<br />

stabilurobis wyaroa.<br />

rogorc wesi, decentralizacias<br />

ori umTavresi mizani aqvs:<br />

1. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis<br />

mier mTel rig sazogadoebriv<br />

momsaxurebaTa<br />

ganxorcieleba adgilobrivi<br />

resursebiT;<br />

2. adgilobrivi struqturebis<br />

maqsimaluri siaxlove<br />

mosaxleobasTan xelisuflebis<br />

legitimurobis<br />

ganmtkicebisa da adgilobrivi<br />

demokratiis ganviTarebis<br />

mizniT.<br />

axali demokratiis qveynebSi<br />

decentralizaciisa da adgilobrivi<br />

TviTmmarTvelobebis<br />

gaZlierebis procesi kidev or<br />

damatebiT mizans isaxavs:<br />

1. adgilobriv politikur<br />

elitaTa Seqmna, rac<br />

aucilebelia politikuri<br />

stabilurobis misaRwevad;<br />

41<br />

41<br />

integracia<br />

2006 wlis municipaluri<br />

arCevnebi da eTnikuri<br />

umciresobebi<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis zogadi principi<br />

daviT losaberiZe<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

integracia<br />

2. decentralizaciis<br />

gamoyeneba dezintegraciis<br />

winaaRmdeg brZolis<br />

saSualebad (gansakuTrebiT<br />

multieTnikur qveynebSi).<br />

jer erTi, aseT pirobebSi<br />

adgilobrivi aRmasrulebeli<br />

xelisuflebis depolitizacia<br />

xdeba, da meorec, mimdinareobs<br />

momsaxurebis mTel rig saxeobaTa<br />

privatizaciis procesi.<br />

evropuli qartia TviTmmarTvelobis<br />

Sesaxeb, romelsac<br />

saqarTvelo 2004 wels Seuer-<br />

Tda, iTvaliswinebs:<br />

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis<br />

uflebas, arCeuli<br />

sabWoebis meSveobiT TviTon<br />

daareguliros sazogadoebrivi<br />

cxovrebis mniSvnelovani<br />

nawili kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul<br />

farglebSi;<br />

adgilobrivi xelisuflebis<br />

uflebas, kanonis fargleb-<br />

Si gamoiCinos iniciativa<br />

yvela im sferoSi, romelic<br />

ar aris gamoricxuli misi<br />

kompetenciidan;<br />

adgilobrivi xelisuflebis<br />

uflebas, Tavad gansazRvros<br />

Sidaadministraciuli<br />

struqturebi, raTa Seusabamos<br />

isini adgilobriv<br />

moTxovnilebebs;<br />

adgilobrivi xelisuflebis<br />

uflebas, saxelmwifos mxridan<br />

kontroli moiTxovos<br />

mxolod konstituciiT an<br />

kanoniT gansazRvrul SemTxvevebSi;<br />

adgilobrivi xelisuflebis<br />

uflebas, flobdes adekvatur<br />

finansur resursebs, romlebic<br />

man Tavisuflad SeiZleba<br />

gankargos Tavisi uflebamosilebis<br />

Sesabamisad.<br />

qartiasTan mierTebam qveynis<br />

xelisuflebis winaSe axali<br />

valdebulebebi warmoSva. maTi<br />

gadaWris gareSe SeuZlebelia<br />

visaubroT, rogorc realuri<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis sistemis<br />

Camoyalibebaze, ise evropul<br />

struqturebTan integraciaze.<br />

sabWouri sistemis umTavres<br />

nakls funqciebis, kompetenciaTa<br />

da uflebamosilebaTa<br />

gaumijnaoba warmoadgenda<br />

respublikur, avtonomiaTa,<br />

raionebisa da municipaluri<br />

donis xelisuflebebs Soris.<br />

damoukideblobis mopovebis<br />

Semdeg am garemoebam xeli<br />

Seuwyo mmarTvelobis<br />

sxvadasxva doneebs Soris<br />

winaaRmdegobis warmoqmnas.<br />

saqarTveloSi mimdinare<br />

decentralizaciis procesSi<br />

mniSvnelovan movlenad unda<br />

miviCnioT 2005 wels miRebuli<br />

sakanonmdeblo aqtebi, romlebmac<br />

Zireulad Secvales<br />

situacia qveyanaSi.<br />

Tu aRniSnuli cvlilebebis<br />

ganxorcielebamde CvenSi 3 subnacionaluri<br />

done arsebobda<br />

(I done _ sofeli, Temi daba,<br />

qalaqi _ 1004 erTeuli; II done<br />

_ raioni da respublikuri<br />

daqvemdebarebis qalaqebi _ 65<br />

erTeuli da I I I done _ 9 regioni,<br />

agreTve aWaris avtonomia<br />

da Tbilisi), 2006 wlis 1 ianvridan<br />

saerTod gauqmda qveda<br />

(sofeli, Temi, daba, qalaqi)<br />

done da erTaderT (rogorc<br />

TviTmmarTvel, ise teritoriul)<br />

erTeulad raioni gamocxadda.<br />

jerjerobiT gaurkvevelia<br />

regionis bedi, Tumca uaxloes<br />

momavalSi Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis<br />

miReba igegmeba.<br />

axali kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad:<br />

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis<br />

warmomadgenlobiTi<br />

organoa sakrebulo, xolo<br />

aRmasrulebeli _ gamgeoba<br />

(meria);<br />

42<br />

42<br />

sakrebulo 4 wlis vadiT ar-<br />

Ceuli wevrebisagan Sedgeba<br />

(2006 wlis 1 ianvramde<br />

raionis SemadgenlobaSi<br />

arsebuli I donis erTeulidan<br />

maJoritaruli wesiT<br />

arCeuli TiTo da raionis<br />

teritoriaze proporciuli<br />

sistemis safuZvelze<br />

arCeuli aTi wevriT);<br />

specialuri statusis mqone<br />

qalaqebis sakrebulo proporciuli<br />

sistemis safuZvelze<br />

arCeuli aTi da maJoritaruli<br />

wesiT arCeuli<br />

xuTi wevriT kompleqtdeba;<br />

aRmasrulebeli Stos meTaurs<br />

(gamgebeli, qalaqis meri)<br />

sakrebulo irCevs siiTi<br />

Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT.<br />

bunebrivia, decentralizaciis<br />

procesSi miRwevebic gvaqvs da<br />

Cavardnebic.<br />

mimdinare reformis dadebiT<br />

mxares warmoadgens: raionis<br />

aRmasrulebeli organos arCevi-<br />

Tobis principze gadasvla;<br />

saxelmwifo da adgilobrivi<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis kompetenciebis<br />

SedarebiT naTeli gamijvna;<br />

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis<br />

biujetebisa da adgilobrivi<br />

qonebis Sesaxeb kanonebis<br />

miReba; centraluri biujetidanTviTmmarTvelobebisaTvis<br />

gadacemuli Tanxis ganawilebis<br />

principis _ gamoTanabrebiTi<br />

transferis formulis<br />

SemuSaveba; sakanonmdeblo<br />

doneze qonebis gamijvnis<br />

procesis dawyeba.<br />

amave dros arsebobs uaryofiTi<br />

momentebic: gamsxvilebis Sedegad<br />

TviTmmarTveloba Zlier<br />

daSorda mosaxleobas; moxda<br />

mTeli rigi Semosavlebis wyaroTa<br />

miTviseba centraluri<br />

xelisuflebis mier, aman ki<br />

TviTmmarTvelobaTa Semosav

lebi Seamcira; SezRuduli<br />

uflebebis pirobebSi mxolod<br />

arCeviTobaze aqcentebis gadatanam<br />

adgilebze metismeti politizaciis<br />

safrTxe gazarda.<br />

TvalSisacemia kanonTa urTierTSeusabamobac.<br />

isini xSirad<br />

ewinaaRmdegebian erTmaneTs da<br />

zogjer sakuTar Tavsac (erTi<br />

da imave kanonis sxvadasxva<br />

muxli xSirad urTierTsawinaaRmdego<br />

debulebebs Seicavs).<br />

seriozuli problemebia sazogadoebasa<br />

da adgilobriv xelisuflebas<br />

Soris urTierTobis<br />

sferoSic: sajaro informacia<br />

Zneli mosapovebelia; reagireba<br />

sazogadoebis moTxovnebze<br />

araefeqturad xdeba an saerTod<br />

ar xorcieldeba; moqalaqeTa<br />

monawileobis xvedriTi wili<br />

gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi<br />

metad mcirea; TanamSromloba<br />

sazogadoebriv organizaciebTan,<br />

iSviaTi gamonaklisis<br />

garda, jerac sustia da ver axdens<br />

gavlenas adgilobrivi politikis<br />

formirebis procesze.<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis raionul<br />

doneze atanam adgilobrivi xelisuflebis<br />

organoebi kidev<br />

ufro daaSora sazogadoebas.<br />

raionuli donis erTeuli ufro<br />

met mcxovrebs aerTianebs da,<br />

Sesabamisad, sustdeba calkeuli<br />

moqalaqis pirdapiri kav-<br />

Siri adgilobriv xelisuflebasTan.<br />

am viTarebas kidev ufro amZimebs<br />

ori garemoeba: adgilobrivi<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis xelSi<br />

arsebuli funqciebis nawili<br />

samarTavad saxelmwifo xelisuflebis<br />

adgilobriv organoebs<br />

gadaeca; mimdinareobs dekoncentraciis<br />

procesi _ centraluri<br />

xelisuflebis adgilobrivi<br />

erTeulebis optimizacia,<br />

ris Sedegadac rigiTi<br />

moqalaqisTvis momsaxureba<br />

nakleb xelmisawvdomi xdeba.<br />

axali sistemis erTaderTi<br />

rgoli, romelic adgilobriv<br />

Temebs (interesTa jgufebs)<br />

adgilobriv xelisuflebasTan<br />

daakavSirebs, teritoriul<br />

erTeulSi gamgeblis mier daniSnuli<br />

rwmunebulia, romelsac<br />

realuri uflebebi ar<br />

gaaCnia da faqtobrivad xelisuflebis<br />

gadawyvetilebebis<br />

mosaxleobamde mimtanis<br />

movaleobas asrulebs.<br />

marTalia, reformis avtorebi<br />

aRiarebdnen, rom TviTmmarTvelobebis<br />

mosaxleobisagan daSoreba<br />

moxda, magram samagierod<br />

raionis doneze gamsxvilebul<br />

municipalitetebs, maTive gancxadebis<br />

Tanaxmad, meti finansuri<br />

SesaZleblobebi unda eqneT.<br />

sinamdvileSi ki adre TviTmmarTvelobaTa<br />

xelSi arsebuli<br />

Semosavlebi srulad waiRo<br />

centralurma xelisuflebam<br />

da adgilebze realurad mxolod<br />

qonebis gadasaxadi iqna<br />

datovebuli.<br />

ase rom, TviTmmarTvelobis<br />

ori umTavresi funqciidan arc<br />

erTis realizebis perspeqtiva<br />

ar arsebobs.<br />

aranakleb seriozul problemas<br />

qmnis urTierTobis sakiTxi<br />

centralur xelisuflebasa da<br />

eTnikur umciresobebs Soris,<br />

romelTa mniSvnelovani nawili<br />

kompaqturad cxovrobs qvemo<br />

qarTlisa da samcxe-javaxeTis<br />

regionebSi, sadac isini mosaxleobis<br />

daaxloebiT 50%-s Seadgens.<br />

damoukideblobis mTeli periodis<br />

manZilze Cveni sazogadoebis<br />

SeSfoTebas iwvevda aRniSnul<br />

regionebSi adgilobrivi<br />

politikuri dajgufebebis<br />

mier araerTxel wamoyenebuli<br />

separatistuli moTxovnebi.<br />

am regionebSi arsebuli problemebi<br />

metwilad saxelmwifos<br />

43<br />

43<br />

mier erTiani strategiuli Tu<br />

taqtikuri xedvis ararsebobiTa<br />

da saxelmwifos administraciul-teritoriulimouwyoblobiT<br />

unda aixsnas, rasac kidev<br />

ufro aZlierebs siRatakis<br />

maRali done, saxelmwifos<br />

maregulirebeli rolis sisuste<br />

da realuri TviTmmar-<br />

Tvelobis ararseboba.<br />

damoukideblobis periodSi<br />

oficialuri Tbilisi adgilobrivi<br />

klanebis urTierTdapirispirebiT<br />

sargeblobda da<br />

calkeuli jgufebisadmi mxardaWeris<br />

sanacvlod am ukanasknelTagan<br />

srul loialobas moiTxovda.<br />

swored amitom adgilobrivi<br />

nacionalisturi politikuri<br />

dajgufebebis (somxuri<br />

`javaxkisa~ da `virqis~,<br />

azerbaijanuli `birliqisa~ da<br />

`geiraTis~) gavlena mxolod<br />

araformaluri iyo da maT arasodes<br />

hqoniaT adgilobrivi biurokratiis<br />

aSkara mxardaWera.<br />

xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebasac,<br />

rom regionis eTnikuri<br />

umciresobebi dResac nakleb<br />

yuradRebas aqceven saxelmwifo<br />

struqturebSi monawileobis<br />

sakiTxs, vinaidan saxelmwifo<br />

struqturebis funqcias sazogadoebriv<br />

cxovrebaSi iq araformaluri,<br />

patrimonialuri<br />

urTierTobebi asrulebs.<br />

aRniSnul regionebSi ramdenime<br />

umwvavesi problemis gamoyofa<br />

SeiZleba, esenia: ganaTlebis<br />

problema (qarTuli enis swavleba),<br />

sakadro politika (gansakuTrebiT<br />

qvemo qarTlSi,<br />

sadac azerbaijanuli kadrebi<br />

mmarTvelobiT struqturebSi<br />

Zalian mcirea); eTnikuri gansxvavebebis<br />

gamoyeneba centraluri<br />

xelisuflebis poziciebis<br />

gansamtkiceblad (arCevnebis<br />

periodSi adgilobrivi mosaxleoba<br />

usityvod uWerda mxars<br />

mmarTvel partias da sanacvlod<br />

adgilobrivi elitebi<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

integracia<br />

adgilebze moqmedebis TiTqmis<br />

srul Tavisuflebas iRebdnen);<br />

ormxrivi (xSirad mcdari) stereotipebis<br />

arseboba eTnikur<br />

umciresobebTan urTierTobeb-<br />

Si: erTis mxriv, separatistuli<br />

moZraobebis Camoyalibebis<br />

SiSi da meores mxriv, eTnikuri<br />

umciresobebis socialur-ekonomikuri<br />

sakiTxebis mougvarebloba<br />

aseve Zabavs situacias.<br />

saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa uflebebis<br />

darRveva ara marto<br />

saxelmwifo struqturebis,<br />

aramed umravlesobisa Tu<br />

umciresobis radikalurad<br />

ganwyobili jgufebis mierac<br />

xdeba. xSirad uflebaTa damr-<br />

Rvevebis (radikalebisa da saxelmwifos)<br />

interesebi imdenadaa<br />

gadajaWvuli erTmaneTTan,<br />

rom Zneldeba garCeva,<br />

romeli ufro damnaSavea ama<br />

Tu im SemTxvevaSi. Tumca amas<br />

dazaralebulisTvis principuli<br />

mniSvneloba arc aqvs.<br />

eTnikuri umciresobebis wvlili<br />

saxelmwifo politikis ganxorcielebis<br />

procesSi umniSvneloa<br />

da maT uflebebs isev umravlesobis<br />

liberalurad ganwyobili<br />

nawili icavs. mZime<br />

socialuri foni da masze<br />

apelireba karg niadags qmnis<br />

eTnocentristuli radikalizmis<br />

gasaRviveblad.<br />

ras moitans adgilobrivi<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi<br />

mTlianad qveynisa da kerZod<br />

eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis?<br />

adgilebisaTvis uflebebis<br />

gadacemas alternativa ar<br />

gaaCnia. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi<br />

axali problemebis gaCenaa<br />

mosalodneli, rogorc sagareo<br />

urTierTobebSi (qveynis saer-<br />

TaSoriso imijis daknineba da,<br />

aqedan gamomdinare, uaryofiTi<br />

finansuri Tu politikuri<br />

Sedegebi), ise qveynis SigniT<br />

(adgilobrivi jgufebis<br />

radikalizacia, rasac centrsa<br />

da adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebs<br />

Soris dapirispirebis<br />

gaZliereba SeiZleba mohyves).<br />

aSkaraa, rom marTvis Zveli<br />

meTodebi momavlisaTvis<br />

gamousadegaria da aucilebelia<br />

axali, erTiani, yovlismomcveli<br />

saxelmwifo politikis<br />

SemuSaveba, romelic arsebuli<br />

sistemis reformirebis gziT<br />

gadawyvets eTnikuri umciresobebiT<br />

dasaxlebul teritoriebze<br />

wlobiT dagrovil<br />

problemebs.<br />

dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi Camoyalibebuli<br />

adgilobrivi<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis sistema<br />

Sorsaa srulyofisa da evropuli<br />

standartebisagan. perspeqtivaSi<br />

mosalodnelia, rom<br />

Zireuli cvlilebebi mas Semdeg<br />

ganxorcieldeba, rac<br />

yvelasaTvis naTeli gaxdeba<br />

arsebuli sistemis naklovanebebi.<br />

manamde ki, momdevno<br />

ori wlis manZilze, adgilobrivi<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis<br />

sistemaSi sakmaod bundovani<br />

viTareba Seiqmneba.<br />

namdvili reformirebis dawyeba<br />

am sferoSi Wianurdeba, magram<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebSi<br />

mosaxleobis (maT Soris<br />

eTnikuri umciresobebis) aqtiuri<br />

monawileoba Semdgomi<br />

gardaqmnebisTvis saWiro safuZvels<br />

moamzadebs.<br />

ra Tqma unda, imis varaudi,<br />

rom Zalauflebis decentralizacia<br />

srulad aRmofxvris<br />

polieTnikuri sazogadoebisTvis<br />

damaxasiaTebel dapirispirebebs,<br />

arasworia _ optimaluri<br />

marTvis sistemis Seqmnam<br />

SeiZleba mxolod xeli Seuwyos<br />

konfliqtebis gadaWras.<br />

qveynis teritoriuli mowyobis<br />

sakiTxi unda gavmijnoT rogorc<br />

umciresobis kulturuli<br />

44<br />

44<br />

identobis SenarCunebis, ise<br />

saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli<br />

saintegracio politikis<br />

problemebisagan. amave<br />

dros, am problemebis gadawyvetis<br />

umTavresi principi<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis institutis<br />

meSveobiT yvela moqalaqisaTvis<br />

Tanaswori sastarto pirobebis<br />

Seqmnis aucileblobaa.<br />

eTnikuri umciresobebis Sem-<br />

TxvevaSi aseTi sastarto pirobebis<br />

Seqmna niSnavs, rom maT<br />

(eTnikur umciresobebs) hqondeT<br />

rogorc ufleba, ise saSualeba<br />

imgvari tipis damoukidebeli<br />

gaerTianebebis Camoyalibebisa,<br />

romlebic maTi kulturis<br />

(am sityvis ufarToesi<br />

gagebiT) dacvasa da ganviTarebas<br />

uzrunvelyofs.<br />

mmarTvelobiT da samoqalaqo<br />

struqturebSi moqalaqeTa far-<br />

To fenebis monawileoba sazogadoebis<br />

interesebis dacvis<br />

saukeTeso garantiaa. am SemTxvevaSi<br />

azerbaijanuli Tu<br />

somxuri eTnikuri umciresobebiT<br />

kompaqturad dasaxlebuli<br />

teritoriebis yvelaze mtkivneuli<br />

problemebis gadawyveta<br />

damokidebuli iqneba TviT am<br />

teritoriebze arsebuli<br />

administraciuli erTeulebis<br />

TviTmmarTvelobis arCeviT<br />

organoebze da ara centralur<br />

xelisuflebaze. amis Sedegad<br />

es problemebi dakargavs<br />

eTnopolitikur Seferilobas,<br />

anu aRar aRiqmeba, rogorc<br />

centralur xelisuflebasa da<br />

kompaqturad dasaxlebul<br />

eTnikur Tems Soris arsebuli<br />

konfliqti.<br />

administraciul-teritoriuli<br />

sistemis reformireba xels<br />

Seuwyobs qveyanaSi mimdinare<br />

gardaqmnebis Sesaxeb eTnikuri<br />

umciresobebis informirebas,<br />

risi Sedegic danarCen saqarTvelosTan<br />

maTi gaucxoebis daZleva<br />

iqneba.

erkan egmesi kviprosis CrdiloeTiT<br />

cxovrobda, sofel lurijinaSi,<br />

romelic ar warmoadgens<br />

kviprosis saxelmwifos mier<br />

kontrolirebad teritorias.<br />

erkans miwis nakveTi hqonda,<br />

romelsac amuSavebda kidec.<br />

miwis nakveTidan miRebuli<br />

mosavliT is Tavs irCenda.<br />

1995 wels egmesi ramdenjerme<br />

Sexvda ucnob pirebs, romlebic<br />

sinamdvileSi kviprosis saxelmwifos<br />

uSiSroebis samsaxuris<br />

TanamSromlebi iyvnen. isini<br />

SeTanxmdnen, rom egmesi narkotikebs<br />

gadmoitanda da maT<br />

gadascemda _ b-n kiriakidissa da<br />

b-n miamiliotiss. daTqves Sexvedris<br />

dro da adgili da es<br />

batonebi egmess daemSvidobnen.<br />

daTqmul drosa da adgilas samar-<br />

Taldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebi<br />

gamocxaddnen. isini<br />

elodebodnen egmesis gamoCenas,<br />

raTa adgilzeve daekavebinaT.<br />

rodesac egmesi gamoCnda, kiriakidisma<br />

da miamiliotisma misi<br />

dakaveba scades, rasac egmesis<br />

mxridan winaaRmdegoba mohyva.<br />

erkani gaiqca. mas daedevnen samar-<br />

Taldamcavi organos TanamSromlebi.<br />

erT-erTma maTganma daiWira<br />

is da cecxlsasroli iaraRis<br />

kondaxi ramdenjerme Cascxo<br />

TavSi, meorem miwaze daanarcxa,<br />

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli<br />

sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba<br />

egmesi kviprosis winaaRmdeg<br />

masala moamzada nona kalandaZem<br />

xolo mesamem xelborkilebi daado.<br />

Semdeg eWvmitanili q. larnakas<br />

policiis manqanaSi Casves<br />

da policiis ganyofilebaSi<br />

waiyvanes. gzaSi gadawyvites, rom<br />

daWrili eWvmitanili saavadmyofoSi<br />

gadaeyvanaT.<br />

saavadmyofoSi miyvanisas egmess<br />

saWiro samedicino daxmareba<br />

aRmouCines, Semdeg ki dakiTxes<br />

aRniSnul faqtTan dakavSirebiT.<br />

45<br />

45<br />

samarTali<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

samarTali<br />

qalaq niqoziis policia sisxlis<br />

samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebas Seudga.<br />

egmess misTvis gasageb<br />

enaze ganumartes, rom mas narkotikebis<br />

gadmotanaSi edeboda<br />

brali.<br />

qalaq niqoziis sasamarTlom<br />

ganixila egmesis saqme da braldebuls<br />

rva dRiT dapatimreba<br />

Seufarda.<br />

ramdenime dRis Semdeg is qalaq<br />

niqoziis centralur saavadmyofoSi<br />

gadaiyvanes.<br />

qalaq niqoziis sasamarTloSi<br />

kidev erTxel Catarda sasamarTlo<br />

procesi. gamoZiebis interesebidan<br />

gamomdinare, sasamarTlom<br />

miiRo gadawyvetileba,<br />

romlis Tanaxmad gansasjeli<br />

egmesi sapatimroSi darCa da<br />

policiis mier ganxorcielebuli<br />

sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi<br />

kanonierad iqna miCneuli.<br />

patimari egmesi qalaq likavitosis<br />

policiis ganyofilebaSi<br />

gadahyavT. imave wels policiam<br />

daasrula gamoZieba. man daaskvna,<br />

rom erkan egmesi saxelmwifos<br />

mier kontrolirebad<br />

teritoriaze narkotikebis<br />

gadmotanisas daakaves. braldebuls<br />

dakavebisas Wrilobebi<br />

miayenes, radgan man winaaRmdegoba<br />

gauwia samarTaldamcavebs.<br />

niqoziis raionul sasamarTloSi<br />

generalurma prokurorma gancxadeba<br />

gaakeTa gamoZiebis dasrulebis<br />

Sesaxeb. dacvis mxarem<br />

aRniSna, rom gansasjels cudad<br />

epyrobodnen rogorc dapatimrebisas,<br />

aseve Semdgom qalaq larnakis<br />

policiis ganyofilebaSi<br />

miyvanisas. sasamarTlom, im motiviT,<br />

rom is SeiZleba gaqceuliyo,<br />

egmesi patimrobaSi datova<br />

misi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis<br />

dasrulebamde.<br />

gansasjeli gadaiyvanes qalaq<br />

niqoziis cixeSi, Tumca mogvianebiT<br />

is ganaCenis gamotanamde<br />

gaaTavisufles patimrobidan.<br />

gaTavisuflebamde egmesma kviprosis<br />

ombudsmens mimarTa saCivriT,<br />

romelSic aRniSna, rom<br />

cxovrobda da muSaobda kviprosis<br />

CrdiloeTiT, sadac miwis<br />

nakveTi hqonda. dakavebisas policielebma<br />

scemes da daWres igi.<br />

man goneba dakarga. rodesac<br />

gons moego, saSineli tkivili<br />

igrZno, vinaidan policielebi<br />

mas awamebdnen. is ombudsmenisgan<br />

daxmarebas iTxovda.<br />

qalaq niqoziis raionulma sasamarTlom<br />

ganaaxla aRniSnuli<br />

saqmis ganxilva. sasamarTlo<br />

procesze ar gamocxadda prokurori,<br />

dacvis mxare ki eswreboda<br />

process. sasamarTlom braldebis<br />

mxaris gamoucxadeblobis gamo<br />

nolle prosequi gansasjeli sabolood<br />

gaaTavisufla sisxlis<br />

samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisgan.<br />

kviprosis ombudsmenma moinaxula<br />

gaTavisuflebuli erkan egmesi<br />

da esaubra mas. garda amisa,<br />

egmesma saCivriT mimarTa evropis<br />

wamebis, araadamianuri da Rirsebis<br />

Semlaxavi mopyrobisgan dacvis<br />

komitets. is aRwerda mis mimarT<br />

ganxorcielebul wamebas da<br />

araadamianur mopyrobas.<br />

aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT qveynis<br />

ombudsmenma damoukidebeli<br />

gamoZieba Caatara, ra drosac<br />

daikiTxnen am saqmeSi monawile<br />

policiis TanamSromlebi, saavadmyofos<br />

eqimi, romelmac pirveladi<br />

samedicino daxmareba aRmouCina<br />

daWril egmess. ombudsmenma<br />

Tavis daskvnaSi aRniSna, rom<br />

egmesis dakavebisas da Semdeg,<br />

misi policiis ganyofilebaSi<br />

gadayvanisas, adgili hqonda<br />

policiis mxridan araadamianur<br />

mopyrobas. ombudsmenma aRniSnuli<br />

daskvnis aslebi Semdgomi<br />

reagirebisTvis qveynis ministrTa<br />

sabWos, parlamentsa da generalur<br />

prokurors gadaugzavna.<br />

Tumca damnaSave pirTa mimarT<br />

sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna an<br />

saqmis xelaxali gamoZieba ar<br />

dawyebula.<br />

46<br />

46<br />

qveynis qveynis Sida Sida Sida samarTali<br />

samarTali<br />

qveynis Sida kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad,<br />

ombudsmens ufleba aqvs,<br />

moamzados daskvna adamianis uflebaTa<br />

da TavisuflebaTa darRvevis<br />

faqtebze, gadaugzavnos is<br />

Sesabamis organoebs da saWiroebis<br />

SemTxvevaSi gamoZiebis dawyebis<br />

mizniT rekomendaciiT mimarTos<br />

maT. garda amisa, mas ufleba<br />

aqvs Tavisi daskvnis aslebi<br />

gadaugzavnos ministrTa sabWos,<br />

parlaments da generalur prokurors.<br />

kviprosis saxelmwifos konstituciis<br />

Tanaxmad, generalur prokurors,<br />

sazogadoebrivi interesebidan<br />

gamomdinare, ufleba aqvs<br />

awarmoos, Sewyvitos an ganagr-<br />

Zos samarTalwarmoeba piris<br />

uflebebis darRvevasTan dakav-<br />

SirebiT. am uflebis ganxorcieleba<br />

SeuZlia rogorc mas, aseve<br />

misdami daqvemdebarebul pirebsac.<br />

adamianis adamianis uflebaTa<br />

uflebaTa<br />

evropuli evropuli sasamarTlos<br />

sasamarTlos<br />

Sefaseba Sefaseba<br />

Sefaseba<br />

erkan egmesma mimarTa adamianis<br />

uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos.<br />

man aRniSna, rom dairRva adamianis<br />

uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa<br />

dacvis evropuli<br />

konvenciis me-3 muxli. mis mimarT<br />

policielebis mxridan adgili<br />

hqonda araadamianur mopyrobas.<br />

aRniSnul saqmeze mopasuxes warmoadgenda<br />

kviprosis saxelmwifo.<br />

qveynis warmomadgenelma ganacxada,<br />

rom egmess ar amouwuravs<br />

yvela Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi resursi<br />

darRveuli uflebis aRsadgenad.<br />

evropuli sasamarTlosadmi<br />

mimarTvis ufleba pirs<br />

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi aqvs, rodesac<br />

amowurulia Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi<br />

saSualebebi uflebis<br />

aRsadgenad. roca egmesma saCivriT<br />

mimarTa qveynis ombudsmens,<br />

amavdroulad, man uari ganacxada<br />

kviprosis samarTaldamcavi or-

ganoebisTvis miyenebuli zaralis<br />

anazRaurebis moTxovnaze.<br />

mopasuxe saxelmwifom ganmarta,<br />

rom evropuli sasamarTlo ar<br />

iyo uflebamosili Seecvala<br />

qveynis marTlmsajulebis organos<br />

mier saqmeze miRebuli<br />

gadawyvetileba. is ver Caereoda<br />

qveynis Sida kanonmdeblobaSi,<br />

radgan es mis kompetencias aRemateboda.<br />

egmesis saqmis gamoZieba<br />

generalurma prokurorma<br />

Sewyvita da winadadeba misca mas,<br />

miemarTa qveynis ombudsmenisTvis.<br />

am ukanasknelma damoukideblad<br />

awarmoa gamoZieba, ra<br />

drosac erkan egmesma uari<br />

ganacxada gamoZiebasTan TanamSromlobaze.<br />

sabolood, gaTavisuflebis<br />

Semdeg, mas ar ganucxadebia<br />

policielTa mxridan araadamianuri<br />

mopyrobis Sesaxeb.<br />

am gancxadebas ar daeTanxma erkan<br />

egmesi. man aRniSna, rom gamoZieba<br />

generalur prokurors unda<br />

ewarmoebina, rom misma advokatma<br />

sasamarTloze ramdenjerme<br />

ganacxada dasacavi piris mimarT<br />

araadamianuri mopyrobis Sesaxeb,<br />

Tumca es gancxadebebi sasamarTlos<br />

mxriv reagirebis gare-<br />

Se darCa. rac Seexeba ombudsmenis<br />

daskvnasa da moTxovnas, mas<br />

mxolod sarekomendacio xasiaTi<br />

hqonda da ar iyo Sesasruleblad<br />

savaldebulo samarTaldamcavi<br />

organoebisTvis.<br />

evropuli sasamarTlos TvalTaxedviT,<br />

qveynis samarTaldamcavi<br />

organoebis valdebulebaa efeqturad<br />

da obieqturad gamoiZion<br />

sisxlis samarTlis saqme da miiRon<br />

Sesabamisi zomebi samarTaldamrRvevTa<br />

mimarT. miuxedavad<br />

ombudsmenis daskvnisa da<br />

rekomendaciisa, damnaSave pirTa<br />

dasasjelad ar ganxorcielebula<br />

Sesabamisi RonisZiebebi. wameba<br />

da araadamianuri, Rirsebis<br />

Semlaxavi mopyroba dauSvebelia.<br />

marTalia, am SemTxvevaSi wameba<br />

ar dasturdeba, magram egmesis<br />

mimarT ganxorcielda araadamianuri<br />

mopyroba, rac konvenciis<br />

me-3 muxlis darRvevas warmoad-<br />

gens. ganmcxadebeli aRniSnavda,<br />

rom misi dakaveba ukanono iyo,<br />

riTac dairRva evropuli konvenciis<br />

me-5 muxli, Tavisuflebisa<br />

da usafrTxoebis ufleba. is<br />

daakaves buferul zonaSi, saku-<br />

Tar miwis nakveTze muSaobisas.<br />

mopasuxe saxelmwifom ganacxada,<br />

rom egmesis dauyovneblivi dakaveba<br />

mis mier Cadenili danaSaulis<br />

simZimiT iyo gamowveuli.<br />

misi dakavebis specoperacia ki<br />

Catarda ara buferul, aramed<br />

qveynis xelisuflebis mier<br />

kontrolirebad teritoriaze.<br />

evropuli sasamarTlos SefasebiT,<br />

arsebobda safuZvliani<br />

eWvi, rom egmesma mZime danaSauli<br />

Caidina, ris gamoc aucilebeli<br />

Seiqna misi dauyovneblivi<br />

dakaveba. amdenad, ar darRveula<br />

evropuli konvenciis me-5 muxlis<br />

pirveli nawili.<br />

ganmcxadebeli aRniSnavda, rom mas<br />

ar warudgines braldeba da man ar<br />

icoda, raSi edeboda brali. Sesabamisad,<br />

dairRva evropuli konvenciis<br />

me-5 muxlis me-2 nawili,<br />

romlis Tanaxmad, yvela dapatimrebuls<br />

misTvis gasageb enaze<br />

dauyovnebliv acnobeben misi<br />

dapatimrebis mizezsa da arsebul<br />

braldebas.<br />

evropuli sasamarTlos gancxadebiT,<br />

egmess misTvis gasageb<br />

enaze ganumartes braldebis arsi<br />

da misi dakavebis safuZveli. am<br />

SemTxvevaSi ar darRveula konvenciis<br />

me-5 muxlis me-2 nawili.<br />

ganmcxadebeli aRniSnavda, rom<br />

is dauyovnebliv ar waradgines<br />

sasamarTlos winaSe, riTac<br />

dairRva evropuli konvenciis<br />

me-5 muxlis me 3 nawili.<br />

mopasuxe saxelmwifom ganmarta,<br />

rom dakavebulis saavadmyofoSi<br />

gadayvanis Semdeg mas adgilze<br />

Cautarda sasamarTlo procesi<br />

da Seefarda dapatimreba.<br />

evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina,<br />

rom qalaq larnakas saavadm-<br />

47<br />

47<br />

yofoSi Catarebuli sasamarTlo<br />

procesi sworedac ganmcxadeblis<br />

marTlmsajulebis winaSe<br />

dauyovnebliv wardgena iyo da,<br />

amdenad, ar darRveula aRniSnuli<br />

konvenciis me-5 muxlis me-3<br />

nawili.<br />

ganmcxadebeli aRniSnavda, rom<br />

dairRva konvenciis me-13 muxli,<br />

romlis Tanaxmad, yvelas, visac<br />

am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli<br />

uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi<br />

daerRva, erovnuli xelisuflebisgan<br />

efeqturi zomebis miRebis<br />

ufleba aqvs, Tundac es darRveva<br />

im pirebis mier iyos Cadenili,<br />

romlebic oficialuri uflebamosilebiT<br />

moqmedebdnen.<br />

mopasuxe saxelmwifos gancxadebiT,<br />

erkan egmess ufleba hqonda<br />

miemarTa samoqalaqo saqmeebis<br />

ganmxilveli sasamarTlosTvis,<br />

rac mas ar gaukeTebia. ufro<br />

metic, man uari ganacxada gamo-<br />

ZiebasTan TanamSromlobaze da<br />

arc sisxlis samarTlis wesiT<br />

mouTxovia vinmes dasja.<br />

evropuli sasamarTlos SefasebiT,<br />

ganmcxadeblis mier ombudsmenisTvis<br />

mimarTva TavisTavad<br />

warmoadgenda xelisuflebis<br />

warmomadgenlebisTvis gamoZiebis<br />

dawyebisa da damnaSave pirebis<br />

dasjis safuZvels, Tumca am<br />

mxriv araferi gakeTebula, generalur<br />

prokurors ar dauwyia<br />

gamoZieba. Sesabamisad, evropulma<br />

sasamarTlom konvenciis me-13<br />

muxlis darRveva daadgina.<br />

amrigad, dairRva adamianis uflebaTa<br />

da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa<br />

evropuli konvenciis me-3 da me-<br />

13 muxlebi, magram ar darRveula<br />

konvenciis me-5 muxli.<br />

mopasuxe saxelmwifos daevala<br />

ganmcxadeblisTvis moraluri<br />

zaralis asanazRaureblad 10 000<br />

funti sterlingis, xolo gaweuli<br />

xarjebis sakompensaciod 400<br />

funti sterlingis gadaxda.<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong><br />

Ñîëiäàðíiñòü<br />

}<strong>'vh'mksr</strong><br />

Ñîëèäàðíîñòü<br />

Solidarität<br />

<strong>Hewrazibun</strong><br />

<strong>Fluskfhf</strong><br />

<strong>Àìãàðäçèíàä</strong><br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

<strong>solidaroba</strong>

N6'06<br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

Summary<br />

Traditionally the opening headline of our magazine is “Our Circle”. This time it describes<br />

conditions of physically challenged people. In the article “Disabled King and the Disabled”<br />

disabled people themselves and their parents are talking about their problems. In<br />

the same article one can also learn about the opinions of the experts working on these<br />

issues and the social environment where these people are so stigmatized.<br />

Five years have passed since the terrorist action of September 11th was committed. As<br />

many people remark this date has changed the world and obviously exposed it to the<br />

danger of fundamentalist extremism. This is the subject of discussion of our magazine for<br />

the month of September. Political experts Gia Nodia and Zurab Davitashvili, philosopher<br />

Anastasia Zakariadze and Bishop Malkhaz Songhulashvili of Evangelic-Baptist Church<br />

are talking about varieties of fundamentalism and the existing positions within liberal and<br />

fundamentalist relations in the world today.<br />

Article “Love Your Enemies” by one of the founders of American liberal ideals, American<br />

Baptist Presbyter Martin Luther King refers to the same subject. The article speaks about<br />

infinite abilities for loving others.<br />

Headline “Religions in Georgia” introduces the Evangelic-Lutheran Church. The article<br />

describes the history of Lutheran Church, the story of resettlement of Lutherans from<br />

Svabia (Baden-Wurttemberg) to Georgia and current condition of Lutheran Church in<br />

Georgia. Headline “Ethnos in Georgia” presents material on Assyrians in Russian. The<br />

same headline includes the article on Duchobor community and the conflict between the<br />

citizens of Armenian origin residing in Akhalkalaki. The article written by David<br />

Losaberidze on regional self-government subject also describes the problems of ethnic<br />

minorities and their integration issues. With this article we introduce the new headline –<br />

“Integration”.<br />

<strong>Solidarity</strong><br />

48<br />

48

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