saxelmZRvanelo gamoicema euTos erovnul umciresobaTa ...

saxelmZRvanelo gamoicema euTos erovnul umciresobaTa umaRlesi 

komisris ofisis mxardaWeriT proeqtis `multilingvuri ganaTlebis 

reformis mxardaWera saqarTveloSi~ farglebSi. 

saxelmZRvaneloSi wamodgenili mosazrebebi ekuTvnis `samoqalaqo 

integraciisa da erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis centrs~ da SesaZloa 

ar emTxveodes euTos euuk-is Tvalsazriss. 

The textbook is published in the framework of the project `Supporting Multilingual 

Educational Reform in Georgia`. The project is funded by the office of 

OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. The contents of this publication 

are the sole responsibility of Center for Civil Integration and inter-Ethnic Relations 

(CCIIR) and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the OSCE High 

Commissioner on National Minorities. 

redaqtori: 

Salva tabataZe 

2

ISBN 978-9941-0-3084-0 

levan axvlediani 

maia inasariZe 

nino SaraSeniZe 

kaxa gabunia 

enisa da sagnis integrirebuli swavleba 

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis 

sabazo da saSualo safexurebze 

UDC(uak)37.016+37.016:81-02831 e-688 

Tbilisi 

2010 weli 

3

Sinaarsi 

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

Tavi I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 

1. enis swavlebis roli da mniSvneloba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 

2. mSobelTa CarTuloba bilingvuri swavlebis procesSi . . . . . . . 14 

3. ra midgomebi arsebobs enis swavlebaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

4. meore enis swavleba sagnobriv Sinaarsze dafuZnebiT . . . . . . . . 20 

5. moswavleTaTvis enis aTvisebis procesSi 

gamosayenebeli ZiriTadi principebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

6. enis aTvisebis xelSemwyobi da xelis SemSleli aqtorebi . . . . . 29 

7. pedagogTa TanamSromloba bilingvuri swavlebis procesSi . . . . 31 

8. mSobliuri enis roli bilingvuri ganaTlebis procesSi . . . . . . 34 

Tavi 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 

1. teqstebze muSaoba bilingvuri ganaTlebis procesSi . . . . . . . . . 39 

2. grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 

3. Secdomebze muSaoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 

4. bilingvuri gakveTilis Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 

Tavi 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 

1. bilingvuri gakveTilis dagegmva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 

2. bilingvuri gakveTilis dagegmvis etapebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 

Tavi 4: qarTuli enisa da istoriis integrirebuli swavlebis 

sanimuSo gakveTilebi da Tematika. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

danarTi (rekomendebuli funqciuri frazebi 

sagnis maswavleblebisTvis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

bibliografia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 

4 

27 

81 

194

Sesavali 

winamdebare wigni bilingvuri ganaTlebis maswav- 

leblebisTvisaa gankuTvnili. misi mizania meToduri daxmareba 

gauwios sabazo da saSualo skolis pedagogebs bilingvur 

klasebSi saswavlo masalis Tematur dagegmvaSi, gakveTilebis 

dagegmvasa da SefasebaSi. 

gzamkvlevis am nawilSi mimoxilulia is sakiTxebi, romlebic 

maswavlebelma saswavlo masalis dagegmvisa da swavlebis procesSi 

unda gaiTvaliswinos. es aris moswavlis swavlis stili da 

inteleqtis saxeebi, aseve motivaciis xelSemwyobi faqtorebi. aqve 

maswavleblebi gaecnobian Tematur dagegmvis komponentebsa da 

gakveTilis dagegmvis zogad principebs; aqve iqneba rekomendaciebi 

da axsna-ganmartebebi Sefasebis miznebze, tipebze, saxeebsa da 

meTodebze. 

saxelmZRvanelos meore nawilSi Cven maswavleblebs 

SevTavazebT bilingvuri gakveTilebis scenarebs. 

5 

* * * 

ganaTlebis sistemam aucileblad unda gaiTvaliswinos 

enobrivi politikis sakiTxebi. ganaTlebis procesi, romelic, 

codnis SeZenasTan erTad, moicavs socialuri da kulturuli 

faseulobebis dauflebas, xorcieldeba enis saSualebiT. 

enis matarebelTa transnacionaluri ganlagebis gamo, erTi da 

igive ena erT qveyanaSi SeiZleba warmoadgendes saxelmwifo enas, 

meoreSi ki _ erovnul umciresobaTa enas (magaliTad, somxuri da 

azerbaijanuli enebi, romlebic saqarTvelos teritoriaze 

umciresobaTa enebia, somxeTsa da azerbaijanSi ki - saxelmwifo

enebi). garda amisa, arsebobs adgilobriv eTnikur umciresobaTa 

garkveuli raodenoba, romlebic sakmaod mcirericxovanni arian da 

saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi cxovroben SezRudul teritoriaze 

(magaliTad, afxazebi, bacbebi). xsenebuli jgufebis warmomavloba 

da enebi gansxvavdeba umravlesobis eTnikuri warmomavlobisa da 

enisagan. 

udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba qveynis moqalaqeTa cxovrebaSi 

saxelmwifo enis flobas: urTierToba saxelmwifo instituciebTan, 

oficialuri dokumentebis Sedgena, diskusiebi da debatebi 

parlamentsa Tu sxva saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi - saxelmwifo 

enaze mimdinareobs; Sesabamisad, umciresobaTa piradi karieris 

ganviTarebisa Tu, sazogadod, qveynis cxovrebaSi CarTulobis 

uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli enis daufleba uaRresad 

saWiro da aucilebelia. Tumca, faqtia, rom dResdReobiT, kvlav 

problemaa umciresobebiT kompaqturad dasaxlebul regionebSi 

saxelmwifo enis swavla-swavlebis sakiTxi. 

saxelmwifo doneze seriozulad dgeba erovnul umciresobaTa 

warmomadgenelTa mozardebisTvis Tanamedrove ganaTlebis sistemis 

farglebSi saxelmwifo enis iseT doneze swavlebis sakiTxi, rom 

maT SeZlon Sromis bazarze arsebul konkurenciaSi mSobliuri 

enis matareblebTan Tanabar pirobebSi miiRon monawileoba. 

Tumca, saxelmwifo prioritetebi ar SeiZleba iyos wminda 

ekonomikuri. maT unda hqondeT socialuri mimarTuleba im mizniT, 

rom mosaxleobas gauadvildes adaptacia socialur-ekonomikuri 

reorganizaciis periodSi. is garemoeba, rom mosaxleobis did 

jgufebs ar SeuZliaT srulfasovani monawileobis miReba 

ekonomikur an socialur cxovrebaSi enobrivi problemebis gamo, 

adasturebs enobrivi kompetenciebis gavlenas saxelmwifos 

socialur erTianobaze. erTi mxriv, socialuri da politikuri 

xasiaTis problemebs SeuZliaT daayenon dRis wesrigSi saxelmwifo 

6

enis Seswavla im doneze, rom mosaxleobam ar igrZnos Tavi 

ganaTlebasa da profesiul karieraSi daCagrulad. meore mxriv, 

igive problemebi axdens regionul da erovnul umciresobaTa 

enebis Seswavlis stimulirebas. 

bevri mSobeli da Temi miiCnevs, rom Tu bavSvis ganaTlebis 

procesSi didi dro eTmoba meore da mesame enas, aman SeiZleba 

iqonios uaryofiTi gavlena bavSvis pirvel enaze da mis zogad 

ganviTarebaze. mSobliuri enis mniSvnelobis SegrZneba exmareba 

adamians imis gansazRvraSi, Tu ra adgili ukavia mas sazogadoebaSi. 

ena eTnikuri kuTvnilebis TvalsaCino niSania, amitomac is yvelaze 

advilad iqceva xolme ama Tu im eTnikuri jgufis simbolod da 

ZiriTad Taviseburebad konfliqtur situaciaSi. gamokvlevebi 

aCvenebs, rom konfliqturi situaciis warmoqmnis mizezi xdeba ara 

ena, aramed sul sxva problemebi. im dros, rodesac socialuri, da 

politikuri faqtorebi SeiZleba gaxdes konfliqtis mizezi, enebi 

warmoadgenen araTu problemas, aramed misi gadawyvetis 

saSualebasac. 

unda ganvasxvavoT erTmaneTisagan is programebi, romlebic 

Seqmnilia umciresobaTaTvis im qveynis saxelmwifo enis 

swavlebisTvis, sadac isini cxovroben da, meore mxriv, ucxo enebis 

swavlebis programebi. meore enis swavleba / Seswavlis saboloo 

mizania, umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebma aqtiuri monawileoba 

qveynis sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. 

multikulturul sazogadoebaSi yvela wevri unda iyos 

Tanasworuflebiani - yvelas (miuxedavad eTnikuri, religiuri Tu 

enobrivi sxvaobisa) unda mieces konkurentunarian, Tanaswor 

garemoSi arsebobis ufleba. 

7

* * * 

dResdReobiT saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi 

swavlebis erTaderT formad monolingvuri modeli rCeba: 

monolingvuria rogorc dominant (saxelmwifo) enaze mimdinare 

swavleba, aseve, eTnikur umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebis enebze 

mimdinare swavlebis forma: qarTul skolebSi swavlebis ena erTia 

(qarTuli); ucxo ena iswavleba, rogorc sagani; aseve, mxolod erT 

enaze mimdinareobs swavleba rusul, somxur, azerbaijanul, osur 

skolebSi - saxelmwifo ena iswavleba, rogorc sagani, iseve, 

rogorc sxva (ucxo) enebi. 

es iyo (da dRemde rCeba) sabWouri modeli. ra Tqma unda, 

saTanado pirobebis SeqmniT (garemo, ojaxSi salaparako ena, 

meTodikurad momzadebuli pedagogebi da sxva) SesaZlebelia 

moswavlem garkveul doneze aiTvisos esa Tu is ena, magram, 

samwuxarod, arc aseTi pirobebi gvaqvs (gansakuTrebiT, eTnikuri 

umciresobebiT kompaqturad dasaxlebul regionebSi) da amocanac 

(igulisxmeba konkurenciis gaweva erTian erovnul gamocdebSi - 

qarTul enaSi) araadekvaturia. maSin, rodesac ganaTlebis sistemis 

reforma mowodebulia, saerTod aRmofxvras repetitorobis 

instituti, am problemis arseboba Zalauneburad xels uwyobs 

(metic - erTaderT SesaZleblobad tovebs) socialuri 

TvalsazrisiT gaumarTlebel movlenas. 

Sesabamisad, unda vifiqroT institucionalur cvlilebebze - 

modelze, romelic principulad Secvlis midgomas saskolo 

sivrceSi enobrivi ganaTlebis TvalsazrisiT. 

8

9 

* * * 

saskolo mravalenovani ganaTleba nebismieri bavSvis 

momzadebis elementia multikulturul sazogadoebaSi, amasTan, 

bavSvis mSobliuri kulturuli garemo ki ar iTrguneba, aramed 

viTardeba da ukeT warmoCindeba meore enis garemosTan Sedarebis 

fonze. 

mravalenovani ganaTlebis (bilingvuri ganaTleba 

mravalenovani ganaTlebis konkretuli saxea) ZiriTadi gansxvaveba 

monolingvurisgan is aris, rom swavlebis ena mxolod saSualeba ki 

ar aris, aramed mizanic. aqedan gamomdinare, orive miznis 

(pirobiTad - sagnobrivi da enobrivi) misaRwevad saWiroa 

gamudmebuli balansireba sagnobriv Sinaarsze fokusirebul 

gakveTilsa da specifikuri enobrivi mimarTulebis gakveTils 

Soris. 

dasavleTis wamyvan qveynebSi miRebuli forma xdeba meore enis 

swavleba Sinaarsze dafuZnebiT (content-based second language teaching), 

anu sagnobrivi Sinaarsisa da enis integrirebuli swavleba _ 

swavlebis meTodika, romelic afarToebs enobriv kompetencias 

iseTi konkretuli sagnebis (sabunebismetyvelo, sazogadoebrivi, 

esTetikuri) Sinaarsze dayrdnobiT, romelic scildeba enis 

swavlebis Cveulebriv, tradiciul gakveTils. maswavlebeli, 

konkretuli sagnis swavlebasTan erTad, im enis codnis 

gaRrmavebaSic exmareba moswavles, romel enazec xorcieldeba 

sagnis swavleba. 

sagnobrivi Sinaarsisa da enis integrirebuli swavlebis 

mizani, erTi mxriv, saxelmwifo enis saTanado doneze aTviseba, 

meore mxriv ki - umciresobaTa enebis SenarCunebasa da 

ganviTarebaze zrunvaa. aseTi konceptualuri midgoma umciresobaTa 

warmomadgenlebs uxsnis enobrivi da masze, ase vTqvaT, `gadabmuli~ 

erovnuli TviTidentifikaciis dakargvis safrTxis SegrZnebas da

motivacias umaRlebs Semswavlelebsa da maT mSoblebs, Seiswavlon 

saxelmwifo ena: maTTvis cxadi xdeba, rom saskolo bilingvuri 

ganaTleba mozardis momzadebis instrumentia misi karieruli 

winsvlisa da socialur-ekonomikur Tu politikur sferoebSi 

warmatebis misaRwevad, amasTan, bavSvis mSobliuri kulturuli 

garemo ki ar iTrguneba, aramed viTardeba da ukeT warmoCindeba 

meore enis garemosTan Sedarebis fonze. 

ganaTlebis tradiciuli sistema umciresobis warmomadgenel 

bavSvebs sTavazobs arCevans: an ganaTlebas mSobliur enaze, 

romelsac Tan axlavs saxelmwifo enis formaluri swavleba, rac 

bavSvebs ar aZlevs saxelmwifo enis srulyofilad Seswavlis 

SesaZleblobas, an ganaTlebas saxelmwifo enaze, rac iwvevs 

umciresobis mSobliuri enis codnis simwires. 

bilingvuri ganaTleba umciresobaTa warmomadgenel bavSvebs 

sTavazobs orive enis myari codnis SeZenis SesaZleblobas ise, rom 

maT es enebi yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi gamoiyenon. 

10

Tavi I 

1. enis swavlebis roli da mniSvneloba 

enis roli adamianis cxovrebaSi ganusazRvrelia: ena ganasxva- 

vebs mas cxovelisgan, qmnis adamianad. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom enam 

Seqmna adamiani. 

adamians sxva cocxal arsebaTagan ganasxvavebs, upirveles yov- 

lisa, is, rom mas SeuZlia gamoiyenos sxvaTa mier mopovebuli (war- 

sulSi dagrovebuli) codna. es ki enis gareSe warmoudgenelia. 

ena xalxis, eris arsebobis upirvelesi niSania. ena ar aris erTi 

adamianis, konkretuli piris kuTvnileba - igi sazogadoebrivi mov- 

lenaa. metic - ena erovnuli msoflxedvaa, samyaros Taviseburi aRq- 

ma-Secnoba. 

enas ori ZiriTadi funqcia (daniSnuleba) aqvs: upirveles yovli- 

sa, igi azrovnebis iaraRia (enis eqspresiuli funqcia); magram 

azrovneba warmoudgenelia sazogadoebasTan, xalxTan urTierTobis 

gareSe. ase rom, enis meore funqcia uSualod ukavSirdeba pirvels 

- igi imavdroulad urTierTobis saSualebaa (enis komunikaciuri 

funqcia). 

rogorc zemoT iTqva, yoveli ena samyaros Tavisebur xedvas 

gvTavazobs da sxvadasxvagvarad aSuqebs cnebebs. erTi da imave cne- 

bis or sxvadasxva enaze Seswavla mis sxvadasxva kuTxiT ganxilvas 

gulisxmobs. `ramdenic meti ena ici, miT meti kaci xaro~... gadmogv- 

cems Zveli qarTuli sibrZne. 

saxelmwifo enis dauflebis saSualebebis SeTavazebiT, sax- 

elmwifo Tavis moqalaqeebs codnasa da CarTulobas sTavazobs. 

11

amasTanave, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom SeTavazeba moxdes 

ara mxolod ritorikul doneze, aramed gegmazomieri RonisZiebebis 

saxiT. zogadsaganmanaTleblo etapze saxelmwifo enis codnis 

uzrunvelyofa erT-erTi pirveli da realisturi amocanaa; amasTa- 

nave, cxadia, rom mizanmimarTuli RonisZiebebi mxolod am etapiT 

ar unda Semoifarglos. saxelmwifo enis Seswavla yvela asakobrivi 

jgufisaTvis unda gaxdes SesaZlebeli, rac uwyveti ganaTlebis 

saerTaSoriso mimarTulebasac Tanxvdeba. Tumca dReisaTvis sax- 

elmwifo enis swavlebis gaZlierebisaTvis yvelaze bunebrivi 

sivrce, rasakvirvelia, skolaa. aq imTaviTve igulisxmeba, rom im 

skolebSic, sadac mTeli saswavlo procesi moswavleTa mSobliur, 

xolo rusulenovani skolebis SemTxvevaSi _ rusul enaze mimdina- 

reobs, qarTuli ena da literatura savaldebulo sagania. Sesabami- 

sad, gansakuTrebuli organizaciuli da finansuri Zalisxmevis ga- 

reSe problemis gadaWra swored am etapidan aris SesaZlebeli. 

Tumca faqtia, rom, iSviaTi gamonaklisebis garda, moswavleebi 

skolas ver amTavrebdnen enis codniT aRWurvilebi. aq Tavis rols 

TamaSobda qarTuli enobrivi garemos ararseboba, yofiT situa- 

ciebSi enis gavrcelebis simwire. 

enis Seswavla metad xangrZlivi procesia da did dros moiT- 

xovs. yuradReba unda mivaqcioT erT mniSvnelovan detals: sazoga- 

dod, ganasxvaveben enobrivi kompetenciis or dones. erTi moicavs 

sabazo enobriv kompetencias interpersonaluri komunikaciisaTvis 

(siku _ sabazo interpersonaluri sakomunikacio unarebi _ es aris 

enis Sre, romelsac viyenebT yofiT situaciebSi da yoveldRiur 

urTierTobaSi. enis am Sres bavSvebi iTviseben ezoSi TamaSis, 

transportiT mgzavrobis, telefonze saubris, skolaSi 

moswavleebTan urTierTobis dros. socialuri urTierTobebi 

konteqstSia Casmuli da, rogorc wesi, damxmare saSualebebiTaa 

ganmtkicebuli _ Jesti, mimika da sxv. isini funqcionaluria da 

12

naklebad moiTxovs kognitur daZabulobas. ena naklebad aris 

datvirTuli specifikuri leqsikuri erTeulebiT); meore ki - 

kognitur-akademiuri rangis enobriv kompetencias (kalu _ 

kognitur-akademiuri enobrivi unarebi; kalu aris formaluri 

akademiuri swavlis ena. is moicavs mosmenas, laparaks, kiTxvas da 

weras sagnobrivi Sinaarsis garSemo). 

skola is adgilia, sadac enis orive Sre intensiurad 

moqmedebs. swavlisa da cxovrebis sxvadasxva viTarebaSi 

moswavleebs orive enobrivi kompetencia esaWiroebaT. enis 

efeqturad aTvisebisaTvis, sazogadod, pirvel etapze sabazo 

sakomunikacio unarebi unda ganviTardes, rac aratradiciuli 

instruqtaJiT ukeT miiRweva. 

enebis swavlebis arsebuli, dRes moqmedi saskolo-saswavlo 

kursiT SesaZlebelia mxolod pirveli donis (siku) kompetenciebis 

daufleba, meore donis (kalu) enobrivi kompetenciis 

dasaufleblad ki gacilebiT meti dro da Tvisebrivad sxva tipis 

saswavlo strategiis SemuSaveba da damkvidrebaa saWiro; iseTi 

strategiisa, romelic moswavles daexmareba am enaze saazrovno 

operaciebis Sesrulebas. 

swored aseT strategias warmoadgens bilingvuri swavleba. 

moswavles uwevs meore enaze konkretuli sagnis Seswavla, rac imas 

niSnavs, rom mas uwevs am enaze azrovneba. 

13

2. mSobelTa CarTuloba bilingvuri swavlebis procesSi 

skola da ojaxi erTmaneTze axdens pirdapir gavlenas da 

skolisa da ojaxis TanamSromloba qmnis maqsimalurad efeqtur 

saswavlo garemos. bilingvuri ganaTlebis procesSi viTardeba 

orenovneba da ormagi wigniereba, radgan skolisa da ojaxis 

interesi emTxveva erTmaneTs. 

mSoblebs SeuZliaT zegavlena moaxdinon saskolo 

urTierTobebze, raTa skolam upasuxos maT moTxovnebs. samwuxarod, 

umciresobis moswavleTa mSoblebi gacilebiT iSviaTad 

erTiandebian da ayeneben moTxovnebs, realurad ki bilingvizmisa da 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis mxardasaWerad maTi xma uaRresad 

mniSvnelovania... 

skola, ojaxi da Temi urTierTdamokidebuli organizmia da 

erTmaneTTan TanamSromlobiT funqcionirebs. mSoblebs mravali 

funqcia aqvT; isini arian moxaliseebi, ase vTqvaT, skolis 

àrasruli ganakveTis TanamSromlebi~, maswavleblebi saxlSi, 

zrdasruli moswavleebi da damxmareebi. ojaxebs SeuZliaT 

uzrunvelyon maswavleblebi `codnis fondiT~, rac gulisxmobs 

codnasa da informacias, kulturul gamocdilebas, romlis 

meSveobiTac es ojaxebi Tavs irCenen, winaurdebian da warmatebebs 

aRweven... ojaxis codna, romelic SeiZleba skolam gamoiyenos, 

moicavs informacias yvavilebis, xeebis, nargavebis, mcenareTa 

Teslebis, soflis meurneobis, wylis ganawilebisa da sanavigacio 

sistemebis, administrirebisa da marTvis, cxovelebze zrunvis da 

veterinariis, medicinis, manqanaTmSeneblobis, sasoflo 

meurneobebis, rewvis, xaliCebis warmoebis eleqtrifikaciis, 

xalxuri tradiciebis, simRerebisa da cekvis, saxalxo da bunebrivi 

saSualebebiT mkurnalobis, arqeologiis, farikaobis, maTematikisa 

14

da biologiis da agreTve uamravi enisa da damwerlobis Sesaxeb. 

mSoblebsa da maswavleblebs Soris SesaZlebelia imdenad mWidro 

urTierTobebi ganviTardes, rom maswavleblebi iqcnen mSobelTa 

socialuri qselis nawilad, rac kidev metad gazrdis mSobelTa 

CarTulobas da saswavlo procesis efeqturobas. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom Zalian xSirad maswavlebelTa da mSobelTa 

urTierToba problematuria, isini xSirad ar TanamSromloben, ver 

ugeben erTmaneTs da yalibdeba antagonizmi skolasa da ojaxs 

Soris. skolisa da ojaxis urTierTobebis gaanalizebiT xSirad 

SesaZlebeli xdeba umciresobaTa moswavleebis akademiuri 

CamorCenis mizezebis povna da axsna. 

mSoblebma aucileblad unda gaacnobieron, rom maT gaaCniaT 

uflebebi da valdebulebebi da agreTve Zalaufleba, rom gavlena 

moaxdinon sakuTari Svilis ganaTlebis procesze: yvelaze mTavaria 

mSoblis dadebiTi damokidebuleba im faqtis mimarT, rom misi 

Svili swavlobs or an sam enaze. miuxedavad imisa, rom mSoblebma 

SesaZloa ar icodes romelime maTgani, mas mainc Tavisuflad 

SeuZlia daexmaros bavSvs, Seiswavlos es enebi. amisaTvis mSobeli 

regularulad unda ekiTxebodes bavSvs, ra Temaze saubroben 

skolaSi sxvadasxva gakveTilze, ra iyo misTvis mniSvnelovani, ra 

ainteresebs da aRelvebs... amiT bavSvi igrZnobs, rom rasac is 

akeTebs skolaSi, mniSvnelovani da seriozulia, igi dainteresdeba 

ufro metad. kargi iqneba, mSobelma gamoiyenos SesaZlebloba da 

iswavlos sakuTari Svilisgan is ena, romelsac ver flobs... es 

daexmareba bavSvs TviTSefasebaSi, swavlaSi da, rasakvirvelia, 

ganaviTarebs Tavad mSoblis enobriv SesaZleblobebsac. 

bevri miiCnevs, rom bavSvs unda elaparakon aramSobliur 

enaze, Tu is swavlobs mravalenovan klasSi. sinamdvileSi es ase ar 

aris. Tu mSobeli bavSvTan yovelTvis saubrobda mSobliur enaze 

da uceb daiwyebs saubars sxva enaze _ warmoiqmneba arabunebrivi 

15

situacia, bavSvica da mSobelic igrZnoben Tavs uxerxulad da 

Sedegi iqneba sawinaaRmdego... amitom aucilebelia, saxlSi 

gaagrZeloT laparaki im enaze, romelzec saubrobdiT adre. bavSvi 

sxva enebs mSoblis Carevis gareSec kargad iswavlis mravalenovan 

jgufSi. 

mSoblebisTvis saukeTeso rCevaa, daamyaron mWidro kontaqti 

maswavleblebTan. maswavleblebi iqnebian maTi madlierebi, Tu isini 

dausvamen kiTxvebs da mouyvebian, ra problemebi aqvT; aseve, 

mizanSewonilia saubari Svilis warmatebebze. erTad unda 

ganixilebodes sirTuleebi saSinao davalebebis Sesrulebisas da, 

aseve, erTad gamoinaxos gamosavali. bavSvebi da maswavleblebi 

iqnebian mSoblebis madlierebi, Tu isini dainteresdebiT, ra xdeba 

skolaSi. mSoblebma aucileblad unda miiRon monawileoba 

sxvadasxva saxis RonisZiebebSi da daeswron mSobelTa krebebs. 

16

3. ra midgomebi arsebobs enis swavlebaSi 

zogadad enis Seswavlis (dauflebis) meTodebi SeiZleba 

dayvanil iqnes Semdeg nusxamde: 

a) ucxo enis originalur wyarosTan Sexeba: 

enis matarebelTan urTierToba; 

enis matarebelTa metyvelebis mosmena; 

radios, magnitofonis, Canawerebis mosmena; 

televizoris, videos yureba; 

daumuSavebeli da araadaptirebuli teqstebis kiTxva 

(Jurnal-gazeTebi, reklamebi, firniSebi da a. S.); 

kompiuteruli programebis gamoyeneba; 

kompiuterTan urTierToba interaqtiur da avtonomiur 

reJimSi; 

kursis mosmena, sadac swavleba mocemul ucxo enaze 

mimdinareobs. 

b) ucxo enaze arsebuli specialurad SerCeuli zepiri 

gamoTqmebis an werilobiTi teqstebis gamoyeneba („xelmisawvdomi 

informacia“ sawyis etapze); 

g) enis matarebelTan uSualo dialogi. magaliTad, 

kompetentur mosaubresTan dialogSi monawileoba; 

d) ucxo enaze specialurad SemuSavebul da Seqmnil 

davalebebSi uSualo monawileoba („gasagebi informacia“ 

damamTavrebel etapze); 

e) TviTswavleba (vinmes xelmZRvanelobiT), dasaxuli miznis 

ganxorcieleba da xelmisawvdom saswavlo saSualebaTa gamoyeneba. 

kvlevebma gviCvena, rom enebis swavlebis tradiciuli, 

gramatikisa da leqsikis dazepirebaze dafuZnebuli moZvelebuli 

oficialuri meTodebi, ar aris sakmarisi da rom bavSvebi ukeTesad 

swavloben interaqtiuri meTodebiT, roca isini ki ar izepireben, 

17

uSualod iyeneben enas. mravalenovani ganaTlebis kidev erTi win 

gadadgmuli nabijia, roca igi sxvadasxva enas iyenebs saswavlo 

kursis sxvadasxva nawilis Sesaswavlad. amis meSveobiT moswavleebs 

aqvT imis SesaZlebloba da stimuli, rom Tavisuflad flobdnen 

enebs. mravalenovan swavlebas safuZvlad udevs Zalian moqnili 

koncefcia, romelic sxvadasxva modelis gamoyenebas uSvebs, 

magaliTad, imis dadgenaSi, Tu saswavlo kursis ra moculoba unda 

iswavlebodes TiToeul enaze. gansxvavebuli SeiZleba iyos agreTve 

klasebis Semadgenlobac, magaliTad, klasSi garkveul 

gakveTilebze SeiZleba iyvnen umciresobisa da umravlesobis 

warmomadgeneli bavSvebi. amas didi upiratesoba aqvs sxvadasxva 

jgufebis bavSvebis dasaaxloeblad: am gziT uSualod 

stimulirdeba integrireba, Semcirdeba erTmaneTis mimarT mtrobis 

riski da dasustdeba uaryofiTi stereotipebi, romlebsac zogjer 

sxvadasxva saskolo sistema warmoSobs. umravlesobis 

warmomadgenel bavSvebs amiT umciresobis warmomadgenel 

klaselebTan daaxloebisa da maTi enisa Tu kulturis gacnobis 

SesaZleblobac eZlevaT. aqedan gamomdinare, maTSi gaRvivdeba sxva 

kulturisa da enis pativiscema iseve, rogorc sakuTarisa. aseTi 

bavSvebi ara mxolod ufro tolerantulebi gaizrdebian 

mravalferovnebis mimarT, aramed isini ukeTesad gaigeben 

mravalferovani sazogadoebis upiratesobas. Semdegi sakiTxi exeba 

asakis SerCevas - romeli asakidan SeiZleba mravalenovani 

ganaTlebis dawyeba. es is sakiTxia, romelTan dakavSirebiTac 

mTeli rigi qveynebis gamocdilebam gviCvena amgvari ganaTlebis 

adreul asakSi dawyebis upiratesoba. am dros ZiriTadi aqcenti 

gadatanilia patara bavSvebis mier enebis advilad Seswavlis 

unarze. 

Zalian efeqturad miiCneven mkvlevrebi transenobriv meTods. 

transenobrivi meTodi gulisxmobs, rom kiTxva da mosmena 

xorcieldeba erT enaze, xolo producireba (laparaki da wera) - 

meore enaze da swavlebis procesSi enebis funqciebi xSirad 

18

icvleba. magaliTad, gakveTilze moswavleebi kiTxuloben 

inglisurad, xolo diskusia am sakiTxze mimdinareobs espanurad, 

xolo maswavlebeli diskusiis procesSi akeTebs dazustebebs 

inglisurad. gakveTi-lis bolos moswavleebi asruleben weriT 

davalebas espanurad. meore gakveTilze enebis daniSnuleba 

icvleba, inglisuri gamoiyeneba producirebisTvis, xolo espanuri 

_ mosmenisa da kiTxvis unarebis gansaviTareblad... 

19

4. meore enis swavleba sagnobriv Sinaarsze dafuZnebiT 

saswavlo sagnis Sinaarsisa da enis aTvisebis integrireba 

bilingvuri saswavlo procesis erT-erTi mTavari amocanaa, 

romelic maswavlebelma unda Seasrulos, raTa Tavisi sagnis 

qarTulad swavlebaze warmatebulad gadasvla SeZlos. es marTlac 

rTuli problemaa, romlis gadaWrac mxolod maswavlebelTa 

TanamSromlobis Sedegad aris SesaZlebeli. aq, upirvelesad, 

igulisxmeba qarTulis, rogorc meore enis, maswavleblebsa da sxva 

saswavlo sagnebis maswavleblebs Soris aqtiuri da regularuli 

TanamSromloba. 

bilingvuri ganaTlebis winaaRmdeg erT-erTi mTavari 

argumenti is mosazrebaa, TiTqos moswavleebi saswavlo sagans ver 

iTviseben meore enis SezRuduli codnis gamo _ maT saswavlo 

sagani unda aiTvison enaze, romelic jer kidev aTvisebis 

stadiaSia. marTlac, kvlevebi adasturebs, rom akademiuri da 

rTuli enis gamoyeneba saswavlo sagnis aTvisebis dros gadaulaxav 

sirTuleebs uqmnis im moswavleebs, romelTac swavlebis enis mwiri 

codna aqvT. aseve, ar SeiZleba saswavlo sagnis Sinaarsis 

Seswavlis gadadeba _ es iwvevs CamorCenas swavlaSi tolebTan 

SedarebiT da swavlis survils ukargavs moswavles (ievina, 2009, 

gv.79). amas garda, sagnobrivi pedagogebi SiSoben, integrirebul 

gakveTilze enobrivi kompetenciebis amaRlebisTvis garkveuli 

drois daTmoba daazaralebs erovnul saswavlo gegmas mocemul 

saganSi (maTematikaSi, fizikaSi, geografiaSi da a.S.), romlis 

dafarvac savaldebuloa... 

swavlebis enisa da saswavlo sagnobrivi Sinaarsis 

integrireba niSnavs enobrivi komponentebis sagnobriv gakveTilebSi 

CarTvas. integrirebuli midgoma agebs xids meore enis gakveTilebsa 

20

da sagnobriv gakveTilebs Soris. am midgomis gamoyenebis Sedegad 

ori dadebiTi Sedegi miiRweva: meore enisa da sxva saswavlo sagnis 

masalis (sagnobrivi Sinaarsis) aTviseba. 

saswavlo sagnis gakveTilze maswavlebeli saswavlo masalas 

moswavlis Semecnebis donis Sesabamisad aswavlis, xolo moswavlis 

enis codnis donis Sesabamisad irCevs sakomunikacio aqtivobebs; ase 

rom, ena iqceva masalis aTvisebis saSualebad, instrumentad da ara 

swavlebis sagnad. 

enisa da sagnobrivi Sinaarsis integrirebuli swavleba 

ramdenime umniSvnelovanesi unaris ganviTarebas moiTxovs 

pedagogisgan: es erTnairad exeba rogorc meore enis pedagogs, aseve 

sxva sagnebis maswavleblebsac: 

mravalferovani informaciis matareblebis gamoyeneba _ 

raTa meore enis masala SeZlebisdagvarad martivad aRsaqmeli 

gaxdes, maswavlebelma informacia Semecnebis mravalferovani 

masalis gamoyenebiT unda miawodos moswavleebs: realuri sagnebis, 

cxrilebis, gamosaxulebebis, diagramebis, aseve demonstrirebis, 

winaswar wakiTxvisa da weris strategiebis gamoyenebiT. 

moswavleebze orientirebuli swavlebis procesis 

organizeba _ swavlebis centrSi unda iyos moswavle, misi 

interesebi da saWiroebebi. moswavle aris aqtiuri obieqti, 

maswavleblis funqciaa, moswavleebis TanamSromlobasa da 

TiToeuli moswavlis codnis miRebis procesSi aqtiur CarTvas 

Seuwyos xeli. maswavlebelma samuSao ise unda dagegmos, rom 

moswav-les analizis unari ganuviTaros, rac asaTvisebeli masalis 

SemdgomSi gamoyenebisTvis aris aucilebeli (ievina, 2010, gv. 82). 

integrirebuli gakveTilis Catarebas seriozuli momzadeba 

esaWiroeba: upirvelesad, gansasazRvria rogorc sagnobrivi, aseve 

enobrivi miznebi. gasaazrebeli da dasagegmia TiToeuli aqtivoba _ 

dasazustebelia SerCeul aqtivobaSi TiToeuli enis _ 

21

mSobliurisa Tu meore enis _ funqcia (magaliTad, terminebs, 

sqemebs, TvalsaCinoebas vadgenT qarTul enaze, aseve, qarTulad 

vaZlevT martiv instruqciebs: ùpasuxe~, `moyevi gakveTili~, 

`Seasrule davaleba~ da sxva); rac Seexeba narativs (magaliTad, 

moswavlis mier davalebis moyola), am etapze ar unda vaiZuloT 

moswavle, meore enaze daZlios es rTuli davaleba. 

integrirebuli midgomis dagegmvisTvis upriania momzadebis 

Semdegi xerxi: sanam integrirebuli meTodis gamoyenebas daiwyebdes, 

sagnis maswavlebelma unda icodes, Tu ra xerxebs iyenebs meore 

enis pedagogi Tavis gakveTilebze. am informaciis misaRebad 

maswavleb-lebi erTmaneTis gakveTilebs unda daeswron da klasSi 

muSaobis process daakvirdnen. rasakvirvelia, kargia, Tuki sagnisa 

da enis maswavleblebi winaswar iqnebian momzadebulebi trenirebis 

gziT. 

enisa da sxva saswavlo sagnis maswavleblebma, erTad 

muSaobis dros, unda daadginon enobrivi sirTuleebi da 

moswavlisTvis saWiro unarebi, romlebic Sesabamisi sagnis masalis 

aTvisebisTvis aris aucilebeli (magaliTad, saxelmZRvanelos 

wakiTxvis unari; savarjiSoebis rveulSi davalebis Sesrulebis 

unari; sxvadasxva terminis mniSvnelobis garkvevis unari; sakuTari 

azris gamoTqmisa da dasabuTebis unari da sxva). 

Semdegi nabiji sagnobrivi da enis maswavleblis erToblivi 

muSaobis procesSi im problemebis dadgenaa, romlebic SesaZloa 

SeeqmnaT moswavleebs ama Tu im masalis (igulisxmeba sagnobrivi 

masala) aTvisebisas. aseTi saxis problemebi SeiZleba warmoiSvas, 

magaliTad, imis gamo, rom saxelmZRvaneloebis an sxva, damxmare 

teqstebis leqsika zedmetad rTulia. aseT SemTxvevebSi meore enis 

maswavlebeli exmareba sagnobriv pedagogs TvalsaCinoebebis 

SedgenaSi, sadac maqsimalurad gamartivebuli iqneba Sesaswavli 

aucilebeli terminebi da is martivi enobrivi konstruqciebi, 

22

omelTa gamoyenebiTac moswavle SeZlebs codnis gamovlenas meore 

enaze, ZiriTadi saTqmelis gadmocemas qarTulad. 

sagnobrivma maswavlebelma unda daadginos Tavisi sagnis 

swavlebis procesSi yvelaze xSirad gamosayenebeli sityvebis 

CamonaT-vali. meore enis maswavlebelTan TanamSromlobiT unda 

uzrunvelyos am sityvebis sworad gamoyenebis unari. SesaZloa, 

Zalian gamoadgeT ZiriTadi sityvebis moswavleebisaTvis winaswar 

gacnoba. maswavlebels SeuZlia, gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi 

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gaamaxvilos iseT sityvebze, romelTac 

SeuZliaT moswavleTa azrovneba swori mimarTulebiT waiyvanon, 

daexmaron mizezSedegobrivi kavSiris povnasa da pasuxebis 

moZiebaSi. 

integrirebuli gakveTilis axsnisas aucilebelia 

mravalferovani vizualuri masalis gamoyeneba; magaliTad, SeiZleba 

qaRaldze amowerili da amoWrili, qarTul enaze Sesrulebuli 

saWiro terminebis mikroba. es damatebiTi informacia garkveuli 

periodis ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba darCes vizualur masalaze 

ganTavsebuli. roca darwmundebiT, rom moswavleebma axali 

terminebi aiTvises, mikrobili furclebis moxsna SegiZliaT. aseve, 

maswavlebelma unda Seqmnas situaciebi, romlebSic mas SeuZlia 

darwmundes, rom moswavleebi axal terminebs srulad daeuflnen. 

gakveTilis dagegmvisas maswavlebelma unda daisaxos 

umniSvnelovanesi miznebi da swored maT moargos Sesabamisi masala, 

raTa gamousadegari wvrilmanebisa da detalebis swavlebas 

aaridos Tavi. sagnis maswavlebels SeuZlia moZebnos 

alternatiuli saswavlo wignebi an sxva masala, romelTa 

ganmartebebic ufro Seesabameba meore enis aTvisebis procesSi myof 

moswavleebs. maswavlebels, aseve, SeuZlia ukve arsebuli teqstebis 

moswavlis enis codnis donis Sesabamisad adaptireba; ar unda 

dagvaviwydes, rom saWiroa pirvel rigSi Zalian martivad aRsaqmeli 

23

masalis momzadeba axali Temis saswavleblad, xolo Semdeg 

gakveTilebze enobrivi mraval-ferovnebis TandaTanobiTi zrda, 

sanam Tema srulad iqneba aTvisebuli. 

Zalian mniSvnelovania, gakveTilis dasawyisSi miznebi dafaze 

daiweros da qarTul enaze xmamaRla davasaxeloT (SesaZlebelia, 

moswavleebsac gavameorebinoT es miznebi). sasargeblo iqneba aseve 

imis ganmarteba, rom es gakveTili wina da Semdeg gakveTilebTan 

mWidro kavSirSia. 

sanam moswavleebi raime samuSaos Sesrulebas Seudgebodnen, 

maswavlebelma maT savarjiSos sruli aRwera unda gaacnos: 

sasurvelia, pedagogma SeZlos am aRweris qarTul enaze wardgena, 

Tumca, gaviTvaliswinoT, rom pirobis gageba umniSvnelovanesi 

komponentia da mSobliuri enis gamoyenebis SezRudva am 

komponentSi mizanSeuwonelia. amis Semdeg maswavlebels SeuZlia 

moswavleebs misces ufleba, es davaleba safexurebad Tavad 

Seasrulon. es xerxi gansakuTrebiT maTematikisa da sxva zusti 

mecnierebebis savarjiSoebis SesrulebisTvisaa xelsayreli. 

saWiroa, rom moswavleebs TanamSromlobisa da klasSi 

samuSaod urTierTkavSirisTvis winapiroba SevuqmnaT. yovlad 

dauSvebelia, rom maswavlebelma mxolod leqciis formati 

gamoiyenos _ TviTon ilaparakos bevri, xolo moswavleebi 

pasiurebi iyvnen; moswavleebis damoukidebel, wyvilebSi an 

jgufebSi muSaoba saukeTeso formaa integrirebuli swavlebisaTvis. 

isini aqtiurad unda iyvnen CarTulni gakveTilis yvela monakveTSi. 

am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebi kargad aiTviseben rogorc sagnobriv 

masalas, aseve, gaiumjobeseben enis codnas. maswavlebelma 

xelovnurad unda Seqmnas situaciebi, romlebSic moswavleebs 

SesaZlebloba miecemaT, sagnis Sesabamisi leqsika gamoiyenon da 

sagnobrivi Sinaarsis Sesaxeb sakiTxebze isaubron, aseve, 

werilobiT gamoTqvan azri qarTul enaze. 

24

enis aTvisebis procesSi moswavleebi saubrisas Secdomebs 

uSveben. es bunebrivi movlenaa. bilingvali maswavlebeli 

darwmunebuli unda iyos, rom moswavleebs esmiT informacia da ar 

unda miaqcios gadaWarbebiT didi yuradReba orTografiisa da 

stilistikis aspeqtebs. ra Tqma unda, maswavlebelma Tavad swori 

forma unda SesTavazos, magram misgan gamarTuli metyvelebis 

moTxovna gaumarTlebelia. mTavari roli enis sworad gamoyenebis 

aTvisebaSi enis maswavlebels uWiravs da ara ama Tu im sagnis 

pedagogs. 

integrirebuli gakveTilis warmatebuli SedegisaTvis didi 

mniSvneloba eniWeba sworad da gemovnebiT SerCeul aqtivobebs. 

airCieT aqtivobebi, romlebic moswavleebs daexmareba, Tavad 

aRmoaCinon axali informacia; maswavlebeli exmareba moswavleebs 

informaciis organizebaSi da Sesasrulebeli moqmedebebis 

Tanmimdevrobas ugegmavs. sabunebismetyvelo mimarTulebis an 

socialur mecnierebaTa gakveTilebze didi warmatebiT SeiZleba im 

xerxebis gamoyeneba, romlebSic moswavleebi proeqtis meTodiT 

ikvleven Tavisive arCeul Temas. maswavlebeli moqmedebs rogorc 

koordinatori _ moswavle gansazRvravs problemas, eZebs mis 

mizezebs, atarebs kvlevebs an eqsperiments da problemis 

gadawyvetis gzebs eZebs. enis codnis done, azris gasagebad 

gamoTqmis unari da proeqtis SemuSavebis procesSi sxvebis azris 

gageba iZens konkretul praqtikul mniSvnelobas. am dros 

SesaZlebelia qarTuli enis _ rogorc informaciis mogrovebis, 

monacemTa damuSavebis, argumentirebis saSualebad gamoyeneba. 

rekomendebulia, maswavlebelma gamoiyenos aqtivobebi, 

romlebSic moswavleebisTvis nakluli informaciis moZieba iqneba 

saWiro: am tipis aqtivobebs miekuTvneba roluri TamaSebi, 

situaciuri, kiTxva-pasuxebis savarjiSoebi, problemebis gadawyveta. 

TiToeul moswavles (klasSi an jgufSi) aqvs erTi an ori 

25

informaciis fragmenti, romlebic savarjiSos Sesasruleblad aris 

aucilebeli, magram ar aris saWiro informaciis srulad miwodeba. 

moswavleebma erTad unda imuSaon, unda gacvalon informacia. am 

xerxiT maTi metyvelebis da azrovnebis unaris gavarjiSeba da enis 

donis gaumjobeseba SeiZleba. 

26

5. moswavleTaTvis enis aTvisebis procesSi 

gamosayenebeli ZiriTadi principebi 

gakveTilze gamoyenebuli terminebi, axali sityvebi da 

frazebi gaxadeT moswavleTaTvis gasagebi: moaxdineT maTi peri- 

frazireba, gaamartiveT isini, gamoiyeneT Jestikulacia, konteqsti, 

realizmi da a.S. 

gaxsovdeT, rom gageba (gacnobiereba) da warmoTqma (gadmoce- 

ma) ar aris erTi da igive. ar DdaaZaloT moswavleebs, gansakuTre- 

biT sawyiss etapze, kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema da sityvebis axsna. 

mieciT maT imis saSualeba, rom qceviT da moqmedebebiT moaxdinon 

reagireba Tqvens naTqvamze. 

praqtikuloba 

gadaamowmeT winadadebebi, romelTa warmoTqmasac apirebT 

gakveTilze sakuTari TavisaTvis ori SekiTxvis dasmis gziT: vi- 

tyodi Tu ara rodesme (davsvamdi Tu ara aseT SekiTxvas) Cems 

mSobliur enaze? Cem mier warmoTqmuli azri/SekiTxva dakavSire- 

bulia Tu ara im codnasTan da unarebTan, romelTa aTvisebasac va- 

pirebT programis mixedviT? 

interesunarianoba 

moerideT iseTi kiTxvebis dasmas, romelTa pasuxebi winaswar 

aris nagulisxmevi. 

27

mimzidveloba 

airCieT mimzidveli Sinaarsis masala da aseve muSaobis 

gasarTobi forma. rodesac maswavleblis mizania moswavlisaTvis 

enis ganviTareba, xSirad kiTxvebi da davalebebi warmodgenelia 

primitiuli saxiT, inteleqtualuri datvirTvis gareSe. 

moswavleebs esaWiroebaT axali, ucnobi masalebi, Secdomebze 

swavlis SesaZlebloba. iseTi davaleba, romelic moiTxovs 

problemis gadaWras, sadac aris moulodnelobebi, saubrisaTvis 

ufro met stimuls warmoadgens, gramatikul savarjiSoebTan 

SedarebiT. 

mieciT moswavleebs sakmarisad bevri Ria tipis davaleba, 

raTa aman gamoiwvios axali daugegmavi sityvebi da struqturis 

gadmocemis aucilebloba. 

SearCieT iseTi davaleba, romelic moiTxovs erTdroulad 

ramdenime unaris CarTvas, gaaerTianeT enobrivi Semoqmedeba da 

informatiuli elementebi. 

Tanmimdevruloba 

gakveTilis dagegmvis procesSi, orientireba moaxdineT 

moswavleTa gamocdilebaze, aRwereT, Tu rogor SeuZlia moswavles 

axlad SeZenili codnisa da unarebis gamoyeneba, da ramdenad 

sasargeblo iqneba maTi gamoyeneba momdevno gakveTilze axali 

masalisa da unarebis aTvisebis procesSi. 

28

6. swavla-swavlebis principebi zogadsaganmanaTleblo 

skolebis sabazo da saSualo safexurebze 

bilingvuri swavlebis warmatebiT warmarTvisaTvis aucilebelia 

swavla/swavlebis principebis gaTvaliswineba sabazo da saSualo 

skolaSi. 

principi 1. moswavle swavlobs ukeT, roca iTvaliswineben mis in- 

dividualur Taviseburebebs. 

amisaTvis maswavlebelma unda: 

SearCios swavlebis iseTi meTodebi, romlebic Seesatyvise- 

ba moswavlis asakobriv Taviseburebebs; 

SesTavazos moswavleebs mravalferovani aqtivobebi, sa- 

varjiSoebi, davalebebi maTi individualur TaviseburebaTa 

gaTvaliswinebiT (xasiaTi, swavlis stili, inteleqtualuri 

unarebi, Zlieri da susti mxareebi). 

aRWurvos moswavle saswavlo strategiebiT, romlebic mas 

swavlas gauadvilebs da ufro damoukidebels gaxdis. 

principi 2. moswavle ukeT iswavlis, Tu mas miecema pirovnuli po- 

tencialis ganviTarebis saSualeba. 


gamoumuSavos moswavleebs dadebiTi damokidebuleba sa- 

kuTari Tavis, sxvebis, swavlis, garemomcveli samyaros, 

saxelmwifo enis mimarT; 

Camouyalibos moswavleebs konstruqciuli damokidebule- 

ba Secdomis mimarT da gaacnobierebinos mas, rom Secdoma 

29

swavlis procesis ganuyofeli nawilia (Secdomebis gamo- 

vlena da gaanalizeba ganapirobebs winsvlas); 

mkafiod ganusazRvros moswavles, Tu ras elian misgan; 

Seqmnas ndobis atmosfero, sadac iqneba TanamSromloba 

da ara konkurencia, Sejibri. 

principi 3. moswavle ukeT swavlobs enas, rodesac igi motivirebu- 

lia. 


misces moswavles saSualeba daakvirdes asaTvisebel 

masalas damoukideblad, gamoTqvas varaudebi, aRmoaCi- 

nos, mixvdes, amoicnos, Seadaros, rasac Tanamedrove 

pedagogika codnis konstruirebas, agebas uwodebs; 

swavlebis Sinaarsi miusadagos moswavleTa interesebs; 

Seqmnas iseTi sakomunikacio, realuri situaciebi, ro- 

mlebic mimzidveli iqneba moswavleebisaTvis; 

dausaxos moswavleebs realisturi, daZlevadi amoca- 

nebi da miznebi, raTa moswavleebma igrZnon warmatebis 

gemo; 

waaxalisos warmateba, daafasos da Seafasos winsvla. 

mniSvnelovania im asakobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebac, 

romlebic mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs warmatebas swavlebasa da 

swavlaSi. 

am etapze gasaTvaliswinebeli asakobrivi Taviseburebebia: 

fizikuri da fsiqikuri puberteti (momwifeba). 11-12 wlidan 

individis sulieri organizaciis iseTi cvlileba iCens Tavs, 

romelic, pirvel rigSi, mis moqmedebaTa Tu gancdaTa stiqiurad 

aRkveTaSi vlindeba. mozardis damokidebuleba movlenebTan da 

30

sagnebTan, iseve rogorc socialur sinamdvilesTan, sxvagvaria, 

vidre bavSvobis xanaSi. igi SemecnebiTia da ara gulubryvilo. 

mozardi cdilobs gaiazros movlenebi, swored amitom am asakSi 

iwyeba da Semdeg Zlierdeba mozardis fsiqologiuri da 

filosofiuri azrovneba. ganviTarebis am safexurze ”mes” manamde 

ramdenadme gaurkveveli cnobiereba icvleba cxadi da 

gamokveTili TviTcnobierebiT. masSi iRviZebs kritikuli 

damokidebuleba sakuTari Tavis mimarT da ara marto sakuTari 

Tavis, aramed sxvebis mimarTac. amitom masTan uxeSi 

damokidebuleba, mis kritikaze mZafri reagireba konfliqtis 

warmoSobis pirobad iqceva. am konfliqtma SeiZleba 

gamousworebebli ziani miayenos mozards. mas yvelaze da 

yvelaferze sakuTari Sexeduleba gaaCnia da es maswavlebelma 

unda gamoiyenos swavlebisa da swavlis procesSi. misces mas 

azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvis saSualeba, maT Soris meore 

enazec, ar miaqcios yuradReba aseT dros enobriv Secdomebs. 

am periodSi aRmocendeba sakuTari pirovnebis socialuri 

aRiarebisadmi Zlieri miswrafeba. mozards uCndeba Zlieri 

moTxovnileba, hqondes wona socialur garemoSi. amitom am dros 

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba waxalisebas, sxvebis TvalSi 

misi avtoritetis amaRlebas, misi SesaZleblobebis maqsimalur 

warmoCenas. am etapze kvlav aqtualuria roluri TamaSebisa da 

situaciuri amocanebis gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi, magram ise, 

rom moswavlem ar igrZnos sakuTari ususuroba enaSi. amisaTvis 

maswavlebelma winaswar unda moamzados moswavleebi, miawodos 

mas is enobrivi konstruqciebi da Sesabamisi leqsika, romlebic 

moswavles am amocanebis daZlevaSi daexmareba. 

gardamavali asakis erT-erT damaxasiaTebel movlenas 

warmoadgens SromiTi unarianobis daqveiTeba. gansakuTrebiT es 

SeimCneva vaJebTan. magram amis gadalaxvac SeiZleba, Tu 

31

maswavlebeli gamonaxavs swor gzas. erT-erTi piroba, 

davaZlevinoT mozards es sirTule, aris is, rom moswavlis 

Sroma, Tundac minimaluri SedegiT, dafasebuli da mowonebuli 

iqneba. mozardebisaTvis aucilebelia ufrosebis aRiareba, maSin 

maT xalisi uCndebaT gaamarTlon maswavlebelTa pozitiuri 

Sexeduleba. sakmarisia mozards daakisron ufrosis funqcia 

umcrosebis mimarT, rom maT Secvalon swavlisadmi (Sromisadmi) 

damokidebuleba. magaliTad, daxmaros umcrosklaselebs 

saswavlo proeqtis ganxorcielebaSi, speqtaklis dadgmaSi an 

Tundac waukiTxos maT saintereso moTxrobebi / zRaprebi 

qarTul enaze. 

kidev erTi damaxasiaTebeli Tavisebureba am asakisaTvis aris ara 

ubralod urTierTobis moTxovnileba, aramed Zlieri survili _ 

ipovos gageba sxvebSi. yovel mozardSi Zlieria tendencia iyos 

aRiarebuli, gaugon da ar datovon gverdze. 

gardamavali asakis, gansakuTrebiT ki misi bolo fazisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebelia interesTa sruliad axali wris aRmoceneba. 

saxeldobr, mozards uCndeba interesi cxovrebis sxvadasxva 

sferos mimarT, gansakuTrebiT ekonomikuri sferos mimarT. man 

kargad icis qonebis an karieris mniSvneloba. aqedan gamomdinare, 

imis gacnobireba, rom keTildReobis miRweva da cxovrebaSi 

adgilis damkvidreba saxelmwifo enis dauflebiT SeiZleba, mas 

uRvivebs motivacias da es unda iyos mxardaWerili 

maswavleblebis mier. 

32

7. enis aTvisebis xelSemwyobi da xelis SemSleli 

faqtorebi 

xelSemwyobi faqtorebi: 

Tavisufali garemo 

moswavleebs SeuZliaT icinon, isxdnen TavianT sayvarel po- 

zaSi, gadaadgildnen klasSi, saswavlo procesidan miiRon siamovne- 

ba. 

gariskvis survili 

adamianebs, romlebsac uyvarT gariskva, aseve uyvarT gamoc- 

noba. isini ar eridebian sasacilo mdgomareobaSi Cavardnas da 

Tvlian., rom ,, vinc ar riskavs, is ver imarjvebs. 

warmatebaSi darwmunebuli. 

1. moswavleebi, romlebic darwmunebulni arian TavianT 

warmatebaSi, advilad moiZieben sxva gzas, im SemTxeve- 

vaSi, Tu pirveli cda ar gaamarTlebs. 

2. moTmineba da gacnobiereba imisa, rom erTbaSad 

yvelafris gageba SeuZlebelia. 

3. moswavle, romelic martivad miiRebs im faqts, rom 

yvelafris gageba erTbaSad SeuZlebelia, im 

SemTxvevaSic aqtiurad iTanamSromlebs, Tu davalebis 

Sinaarsi Tavidan ar iqneba misTvis srulebiT naTeli. 

33

xelisSemSleli faqtorebi: 

aRelveba, nerviuloba 

yvelaze Zlieri filtri aris nerviuloba. Tu bavSvi nerviulobs, 

wrialebs, oflianobs, fexebs iqnevs, es niSnavs, rom enobrivi 

informaciis miRebas xvdeba ,,filtri''. 

gariskvis survilis arqona. 

adamianebi, romlebsac ar uyvarT riski, advilad ikargebian. maT 

eSiniaT Secdomebis daSvebis sxvebis TvalSi sasacilod gamoCenis. 

warmatebaSi daeWveba. 

moswavleebi, romlebsac sakuTari Tavis rwmena ar gaaCniaT, 

arc cdiloben, da amas imiT xsnian, rom mainc ar gamouvaT. isini 

yovel Secdomas aRiqvamen ara rogorc axlis swavlis 

SesaZleblobas, aramed rogorc sakuTar nakls, rom maT ar 

SeuZliaT swavla. 

didi moculobis informaciasTan Tavis garTmevis 

SeuZlebloba. 

moswavle romelsac ar SeuZlia imasTan Segueba, rom yvela- 

fris erTad gageba SeuZlebelia, maswavleblis mxridan moiTxovs 

gamudmebiT axsnas da amJRavnebs mouTmenlobas, Tu maswavlebeli 

myisierad ar uxsnis yvela sityvis mniSvnelobas. 

34

8. pedagogTa TanamSromloba bilingvuri swavlebis 

procesSi 

bilingvuri swavlebis procesis warmatebuli realizebisTvis 

aucilebelia TanamSromloba moswavleebs Soris, aseve, 

maswavleblebs Soris da moswavleTa da maswavleblebs Soris. 

aucilebelia, rom am TanamSromlobis mniSvneloba bilingvuri 

ganaTlebis mTavarma realizatorebma gaiazron: ara mxolod 

qarTulis, rogorc meore enis, maswavleblebma, aramed sxva sagnebis 

maswavleblebmac erovnul umciresobaTa skolebSi. bilingvuri 

swavlebis procesis warmatebuli realizeba SeuZlebelia manam, 

sanam TiToeuli maswavlebeli mxolod Tavis sagans uRrmavdeba da 

imis Semdeg, roca igi gadis klasidan, ar interesdeba romelime 

konkretuli klasis mdgomareobiT, ar iqneba informirebuli imis 

Sesaxeb, Tu ras da rogor swavloben moswavleebi sxva 

gakveTilebze, gansakuTrebiT qarTulis, rogorc meore enis, 

gakveTilebze. ramdenime sagnis qarTul enaze swavlis dawyebis 

Semdeg izrdeba moswavlis datvirTva. maswavleblebisTvis 

sasargeblo iqneboda, xSirad Seikribon da isaubron imaze, Tu ras 

swavloben konkretuli klasis moswavleebi TiToeul saganSi. aseTi 

saxis informaciis gacvla aucileblad Seuqmnis maT samuSaos 

erTmaneTSi SeTanxmebisa da gaiolebis safuZvels. aseve, 

maswavleblebs SeuZliaT erTmaneTis gakveTilebs daeswron, raTa 

moswavleebis enis codnis doneSi darwmundnen. es TanamSromloba 

momgebiani iqneba maswavleblisTvisac, radganac kolegebs Soris 

TanamSromloba axali codnis SeZenas uwyobs xels da afarToebs 

TiToeuli maswavleblis warmodgenas Teoriisa da praqtikis 

gakveTilebze Sefardebis Sesaxeb. 

35

Cveulebrivi daxmareba ar niSnavs TanamSromlobas (rac, ra 

Tqma unda aseve aucilebelia), es aris samuSao procesis 

urTierTSeTanxmeba da kolegisTvis saswavlo gegmis 

daregulirebaSi daxmareba. Tu moswavleebi ver xedaven, rom mas- 

wavleblebi gundurad muSaoben, verc TviTon moaxerxeben amas. 

TanamSromloba unda ganixilebodes rogorc saSualeba, ro- 

melic moswavleTa urTierTkontaqts uzrunvelyofs, igi swavlebis 

socialuri mxarea. moswavle swavlebis procesSi erTveba, matu- 

lobs misi TviTSegneba da Tavdajereba, igi mzad aris riskisTvis, 

radganac klasSi dadebiTi socialur emociuri atmosfero sufevs. 

aseTi midgomisTvis Sesabamisi garemos Seqmnas, romlis 

centrSic moswavlea moqceuli, upirveles yovlisa, gaazreba sWir- 

deba, Tu ra unda gakeTdes imisaTvis, rom miRweul iqnes Tanam- 

Sromloba viwro gagebiT. es ara mxolod saubars iTvaliswinebs, 

aramed kompleqsur midgomas yvela unaris asaTviseblad. magaliTad, 

SesaZlebelia, teqsti TiToeulma moswavlem damoukideblad waikiT- 

xos, xolo Semdgom wyvilebSi ganixilon igi da mxolod amis Sem- 

deg daiwyon imaves ufro did jgufebSi keTeba da, sabolood, 

mTelma klasma erTad ganixilos... aseve, weriTi savarjiSoebis Se- 

sruleba nebismier safexurze SeiZleba. wakiTxvis an mosmenis win 

SesaZlebelia Temis zogadad ganxilva, raTa moswavleebs gavacnoT 

da gavuRvivoT interesi. 

jgufebSi da wyvilebSi muSaoba moswavleebs Soris Tanam- 

Sromlobas zrdis da maswavleblis mTel klasTan saubris auci- 

leblobis dros amcirebs. TanamSromlobis gamoyenebiT swavleba 

moswavles ayenebs yuradRebis centrSi da radikalurad cvlis 

klasikuri swavlebis models, roca maswavlebeli iwyebs saubars, 

moswavle mas pasuxobs, Sedegad maswavlebeli mis pasuxs afasebs. 

mcirericxovan jgufebSi muSaoba enis Sesaswavlad uaRresad 

mniSvnelovania. gasaTvaliswinebelia komunikaciuri swavlebis far- 

36

To SesaZleblobebi: uSualo garemo, Tavisufleba da moswavleTa 

CarTuloba, aseve, davalebebis diferenciaciis SesaZlebloba. mci- 

rericxovan jgufSi iqmneba bunebrivi dialogisTvis ukeTesi piro- 

bebi, vidre klasis organizebis nebismieri sxva xerxis gamoyenebis 

dros - moswavleebis organizebis es modeli, maswavleblisTvis mi- 

sawvdomi meTodebidan, erT-erTi yvelaze moqnili da pozitiuri, 

amasTan, integrirebis SesaZleblobis momcemia: jgufSi samuSao 

SeiZleba savarjiSoebze iyos koncentrirebuli, rac aviTarebs ro- 

gorc sworad, aseve Tavisuflad metyvelebis unars. mas SeuZlia 

sworad metyvelebis unaris ganviTarebis swavlebis efeqturobis 

gazrdac da moswavleebs jgufurad organizebuli samuSaos Segue- 

baSic daexmareba im donemde, rom maT SeZlon Tavisufali metyve- 

lebis savarjiSoebis Sesruleba erToblivad. pozitiur Sedegs aZ- 

lierebs maswavlebeli `CareviT~ (araformaluri swavlebiT), Ti- 

Toeul jgufTan misvliT, rac moswavleebs enis codnis faseul 

informacias aZlevs. 

37

9. mSobliuri enis roli bilingvuri ganaTlebis procesSi 

bilingvurad muSaobis dros ori ena gamoiyeneba, rogorc swav- 

lebis saSualeba anu instrumenti: moswavlis mSobliuri (umcire- 

sobis) ena da oficialuri (saxelmwifo) ena; an oficialuri ena da 

romelime ucxo ena. es ki imas niSnavs, rom maswavleblebi, romle- 

bic TavianT sagans moswavleebs bilingvurad aswavlian, muSaoben 

erT gundSi: gegmaven saswavlo masalas ara mxolod romelime kon- 

kretuli klasisTvis, aramed TiToeuli konkretuli TemisTvis, Se- 

saZlebelia raime konkretuli sakiTxisTvisac. am gziT saswavlo 

masalis zedmet gameorebas aridebs Tavs, SeTanxmebulia masalis 

Tanmimdevroba, aseve saswavlo masalis Seswavlis procesSi gamoye- 

nebadi ori enis urTierTTanamSromloba. aseve, mniSvnelovania 

swavlebis meTodebis gaazreba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki pedagogebi 

namdvilad profesionalurad zrunaven TavianTi moswavleebis cod- 

nasa da unarebze, yvela maswavleblis samuSao urTierTSeTanxme- 

bulia. amis Sedegad gakveTilisTvis gamoyofili dro efeqturad 

aris gamoyenebuli. 

swavlebis procesSi, ori enis gamoyenebis dros, ZiriTadi 

yuradReba unda mieqces konkretuli sagnis masalis aTvisebis pro- 

cess. enebi mxolod instrumentebia. mxolod dargis specialists 

SeuZlia Tavisi dargis Sesabamisi leqsikis swavleba. enis pedagogs 

- arc mSobliuri enis, arc meore enisas - ar SeuZlia iwinaswarme- 

tyvelos, SesTavazos da aswavlos yvelaferi romelime konkretuli 

enis farglebSi sxvadasxva mecnierebis sferoSi. amitom saswavlo 

sagnis maswavlebeli iyenebs, iribad amdidrebs moswavlis leqsikas 

da nawilobriv enasac aswavlis maT, imisda miuxedavad, es aris 

moswavleebis mSobliuri ena Tu swavlebis procesSi gamoyenebuli 

sxva ena. 

38

ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom bilingvuri swavlebis meTodolo- 

giis sakiTxebis Seswavlisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba swavlebis 

procesSi, gakveTilis msvlelobis dros, enis gamoyenebas eqceva. 

enis arCevis ramdenime midgoma arsebobs. maswavlebels gaazrebuli 

unda hqondes, anu winaswar unda dagegmos enis gamoyenebis gegma 

gakveTilzec, moswavlis damoukidebeli muSaobis drosac, magali- 

Tad, saxlSi. 

enebis dagegmarebis meTods bevri aspeqti ganapirobebs. 

moswavlis asaki, zogadi ganviTareba, mSobliuri enis flobi- 

sa da meore enis aTvisebis done, socialuri gamocdileba, 

enis praqtikuli gamoyenebis gamocdileba, SesaZleblobebi, 

arsebuli codna da unarebi ganapirobebs imas, Tu ra raode- 

nobiT unda gamoviyenoT erTi an meore ena. 

saswavlo miznebi, davalebebi ganapirobebs, Tu romel enaze 

unda tardebodes esa Tu is mecadineoba Tu samuSao. 

dabalansebuli saswavlo masalis aTvisebisTvis gamoyofili 

drois monakveTis dagegmva ganapirobebs imas, Tu rodis da 

romeli ena unda gamoviyenoT axali Temis swavlis, gameore- 

bis, ukve naswavli masalis ganmtkicebis an saSinao davalebis 

Sesrulebisa Tu Semowmebis dros. 

swavlebis meTodebis arCevani ganapirobebs, Tu ras da ra 

enaze aswavlis maswavlebeli, Tu rogor da ra enaze muSao- 

ben moswavleebi. mniSvnelovania, Tu ramdenad kargad icnobs 

maswavlebeli enis swavlebis meTodebs da ramdenad Seswevs 

maTi gamoyenebis unari. 

saswavlo sagnis Sinaarsi, misi sirTulis safexuri (Teori- 

ulica da yoveldRiur praqtikaSi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba), 

sxva saswavlo sagnebTan kavSirSi, SesaZlebelia saswavlo 

masalis nawilis yofaSi aTviseba, aseve, meore enaSi, ganapi- 

robebs, Tu rodis unda gamoviyenoT erTi an meore ena. 

39

gamoyenebuli saswavlo literatura, masala, masSi gamoyene- 

buli enis specifika (bavSvebis asakisTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

Tvisebebisa da enis ganviTarebis donis Sesabamisi - rogorc 

mSobliur enaSi, aseve meore enaSi) gansazRvravs, Tu rogor 

da rodis unda daexmaroT moswavleebs ara mxolod saswavlo 

masalis aTvisebaSi, aramed, aseve, mis gagebaSi meore enaze. 

sxva sagnebSi enis gamoyenebis gamocdileba (maswavleblis 

dagegmili) gansazRvravs, Tu ra ician ukve da ra SeuZliaT 

moswavleebs meore enis gamoyenebis dros. 

moswavlis saWiroebani ganaTlebis miRebis Semdgom procesSi. 

aq naxsenebia enebis (mSobliuri Tu meore) gamoyenebis (dagegma- 

rebis) mxolod zogierTi aspeqti, romelTa gaTvaliswineba mniSv- 

nelovania bilingvuri swavlebisa da swavlis dros. Tumca, kidev 

arsebobs TiToeuli saswavlo sagnis aTvisebis pirobebi. mudmivad 

unda vadevnoT Tvalyuri imas, Tu ramdenad iTviseben moswavleebi 

swavlebis sagans, izrdeba Tu ara meore enis gamoyeneba, umjobesde- 

ba Tu ara maTi mSobliuri enis codna. 

aqsiomaturia, rom yvelaze kargia swavlebis enad mSobliuri 

enis gamoyeneba. fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovania, 

radgan bavSvi avtomaturad iazrebs da unari aqvs, gamoxatos 

sakuTari mosazrebebi, roca procesi misTvis nacnob enaze 

mimdinareobs. socialurad mniSvnelovania, radgan moswavle 

sakuTari Tavis identificirebas axdens sakuTar TemTan. 

saganmanaTleblo kuTxiT, is swavlobs ufro swrafad da kargad 

mSobliur enaze, vidre misTvis ucxo enaze. 

mniSvnelovania, rom sruli Zalisxmeva mivmarToT, raTa bavSvebma 

SeZlon mSobliur enaze ganaTlebis miReba... ganaTlebis kuTxiT, 

mniSvnelovania, rom rac SeiZleba met xans gagrZeldes swavlebis 

procesSi mSobliuri enis gamoyeneba. swavlis dawyebis pirvel 

etapze ki umniSvnelovanesia, moswavle mSobliur enaze swavlobdes, 

40

adgan, erTi mxriv, kargad gebulobs am enaze da, meore mxriv, 

mSobliur enaze swavleba amcirebs im stress, rac moswavleSi 

Cndeba ojaxidan skolaSi Sesvlis dros. 

roca swavlebis procesSi ar xdeba mSobliuri enis gamoyeneba, 

moswavleebi sakuTar Tavs aRiqvamen CamorCenilebad, 

arasrulfasovnebad da sulelebad. maTi kultura Seuracxyofili, 

xolo moswavleebi SeSinebulebi, dabneulebi da travmirebulni 

xdebian. am yovelives SeiZleba hqondes grZelvadiani efeqtic. 

mSobliuri enis codna xels uwyobs meore enis aTvisebas. 

kvlevebma daadastures, rom moswavleebs, romlebic flobdnen 

mSobliur enas, ufro kargad hqondaT ganviTarebuli werisa da 

zepirmetyvelebis unarebi meore enaSi mSobliuri enis armcodne 

moswavleebTan SedarebiT. mSobliuri enis codna xels uwyobs 

unarebis transfers meore enis Seswavlisas. 

enobrivi kodebis Secvla (gadasvla mSobliuri enis 

gamoyenebidan - meore enis gamoyenebaze da piriqiT) farTod aris 

gavrcelebuli bilingvur klasSi. enobrivi kodebis Secvla ara 

mxolod gavrcelebulia umravles saganmanaTleblo situaciaSi, 

aramed bunebrivi procesicaa, radgan warmoadgens Seqmnili 

siZnelisadmi pragmatul pasuxs, radganac aseTi siZneleebi xSirad 

gvxvdeba, roca moswavleebi sagnobriv Sinaars swavloben im enaze, 

romelsac srulyofilad ver floben. swavleba moiTxovs Zalian 

did yuradRebas, xolo yuradRebis misapyrobad enis Secvla xSirad 

gauTviTcnobiereblad xdeba. maswavleblebi xSirad verc 

acnobiereben, rodis moaxdines enis Secvla, an saerTod Secvales 

Tu ara ena klasSi. 

enebis Secvlas klasSi moepoveba pedagogiuri da socialuri 

funqciebi mkvlevarTa dakvirvebiT, bilingvur klasSi mimdinare 

saubrebi da enebis cvlilebebi kargad asaxavs skolaSi arsebul 

konteqstsa da tradiciebs. magaliTad, maswavleblis mier enobrivi 

41

kodebis gamocvla SeiZleba niSnavdes gakveTilis dawyebas, 

gakveTilis sakiTxze gadasvlas, moswavlesTan specifikur 

interaqcias an gakveTilis Sinaarsidan saklaso menejmentze 

gadasvlas. 

klasSi enis gamoyeneba ganpirobebulia 3 faqtoriT: 1) 

maswavleblis enisadmi damokidebulebiT; 2) moswavlis enobrivi 

kompetenciiTa da enisadmi damokidebulebiT; 3) moswavlesa da 

maswavlebels Soris SeTanxmebiT. sawyis etapze enebis arCevani 

ganpirobebulia moswavleTa saWiroebebiT. maswavleblebi xSirad 

mimarTaven moswavlisaTvis nacnob enas masalis miwodebisas, Tumca 

am SemTxvevebSic did rols TamaSobs ganaTlebis sistemisa Tu 

skolis politika, romelic SeiZleba krZalavdes romelime enis 

gamoyenebas an piriqiT _ axalisebdes moswavlisaTvis gasageb enaze 

masalis miwodebas. 

saklaso oTaxSi enis gamoyeneba kidev ramdenime faqtoriTaa 

ganpirobebuli, kerZod, enebs Soris arsebuli statusiT, ori enis 

TanmimdevrobiTa da sinqronizaciiT, moswavlisa da maswavleblis 

SeTanxmebiT da a. S. saklaso oTaxSi mimdinare orenovani procesis 

gaazreba da axsna SesaZlebeli xdeba mxolod Temis, ekonomikuri, 

istoriuli, socialuri da politikuri konteqstis 

gaTvaliswinebiT. 

42

Tavi II 

1. teqstebze muSaoba bilingvuri ganaTlebis procesSi 

bilingvuri swavlebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxia 

teqstze muSaoba. ramdenadac bilingvuri klasebisaTvis specialuri 

saxelmZRvaneloebi ar arsebobs, amdenad ZiriTad saswavlo saSua- 

lebad erTenovani saxelmZRvaneloebi gamoiyeneba. am saxelmZRva- 

neloebis moxmareba bilingvuri klasebisaTvis garkveuli meTodikis 

gaTva;liswinebas moiTxovs, rac teqstze muSaobis principebs gu- 

lisxmobs. 

teqstze muSaoba ramdenime etapad unda daiyos. pirveli etapi 

gulisxmobs maswavleblis muSaobas teqstze. maswavlebeli winaswar 

amzadebs teqsts klasisaTvis. amisaTvis igi iTvaliwinebs klasis 

enobriv dones, winaswar aanalizebs im problemebs, romlebic 

klasSi SeiZleba gaCndes teqstis damuSavebis procesSi. pirvel 

rigSi, unda moxdes teqstis enobrivi damuSaveba. amisaTvis maswav- 

lebelma sasurvelia gamoyos ramdenime mimarTuleba: 

terminebi 

da cnebebi 

zogadi 

leqsika 

frazebi konstruqciebi funqciuri 

43 

frazebi 

gakveTilis enac yoveli etapisaTvis winaswar unda daigegmos. 

maswavlebelma winaswar unda gaiazros, Tu romeli sakiTxis Sesax-

eb romel enaze isaubrebs an rogor miawodebs dasamuSavebel masa- 

las _ TargmaniT, sqemiT, zepiri ganmartebiT Tu sxva saSualebiT. 

ganvixiloT TiToeuli mimarTuleba: 

terminebi da cnebebi 

rogorc aRiniSna, maswavlebelma teqsti winaswar unda daamu- 

Saos. teqstis damuSavebisas calke unda gamoiyos is terminebi da 

cnebebi, romlebic mniSvnelovania axali sakiTxisaTvis. misi miwo- 

deba klasisaTvis SeiZleba saTanado ganmartebebiT moswavlis 

mSobliur enazec, magram umjobesia terminebisa da cnebebisaTvis 

grafikuli organizatorebis, sqemebis an cxrilebis gamoyeneba. es 

efeqturi saSualeba moswavles daexmareba ara marto terminebisa 

da cnebebis aTvisebaSi, aramed masalis kargad gaanalizebasac Seu- 

wyobs xels, radgan sagakveTilo procesis dasrulebis Semdeg an 

momdevno gakveTilze es masala saSualebas miscems moswavles, im- 

sjelos ganxilul sakiTxze sayrdeni sityvebis, gaanalizebuli 

cnebebisa da terminebi gamoiyenebiT. Tu arsebobs specialuri 

TvalsaCinoeba mocemul sakiTxze, sasurvelia maswavlebelma misi 

terminebi da cnebebi aseve calke daamuSavebinos klass, raTa, 

TvalsaCinoebaze dayrdnobiT, moswavlem advilad SeZlos termine- 

bis aTviseba da maTi msjelobaSi gamoyeneba. 

zogadi leqsika 

calke unda imuSaos maswavlebelma im sityvebze, romlebic 

uSualodaa dakavSirebuli sakiTxTan, magram warmoadgens zogad 

leqsikas, anu isini sxva sakiTxebze an sagnebSi msjelobisasac das- 

Wirdeba moswavles. maTi aTviseba aamaRlebs moswavleTa enobriv 

kompetencias. amgvari leqsika sasurvelia klass miewodos rogorc 

TargmaniT, ise ganmartebiTi axsniT, sinonimiTa da antonimiT. leq- 

sikis aTvisebisaTvis amgvari sqema SeiZleba gamoviyenoT. 

44

sityva 

frazebi 

sityva 

gavrcelebuli 

sityvaTSexameba 

ganmarteba 

teqstis winadadeba 

axali winadadeba 

sinonimi 

antonimi 

aseve, calke dasamuSavebelia frazebi, anu is Sesityvebebi, 

romlebic Temis analizisas da msjelobisas gamoadgeba moswavles. 

isini sayrdeni frazebis rols Seasruleben, amitom sasurvelia 

teqstidan calke amoviRoT isini da mivawodoT moswavles saTanado 

ganmartebiT (aq SesaZlebelia misi mSobliuri enac davixmaroT). 

unda gvaxsovdes, rom teqstis Targmna araefeqturi gzaa; amdenad, 

rac ufro metad damuSavdeba teqsti frazebis TvalsazrisiT da 

gamoiyofa calkeuli elementebi sagakveTilo procesSi, miT ufro 

45

gauadvildebaT maT SemdgomSi rogorc konkretul, mocemul masa- 

laze, ise sxva sakiTxebze msjeloba. calkeuli frazebi safuZvlia- 

nad unda damuSavdes, radgan isini im enobriv saSualebaTa ricxvs 

ganekuTvnebian, romlebic zrdis moswavlis mier enis akademiuri 

flobis dones da zogadad amaRlebs mis enobriv kompetencias. sa- 

survelia garkveuli frazebis gamoyenebiT Seiqmnas axali teqsti, 

rogorc werilobiT, ise zepirad, daisvas SekiTxvebi da ase Semdeg. 

konstruqciebi 

calkea dasamuSavebeli enobrivi konstruqciebi. maTSi igu- 

lisxmeba is gramatikuli sakiTxebi, romlebic metad mniSvnelovania 

gamarTuli msjelobisaTvis. mSobliuri enis matareblisaTvis es 

sruliad arasaWiro sferoa, magram enis SemswavlelisaTvis ki me- 

tad mniSvnelovani, radgan man momavalSi SeZlos ara marto sakiT- 

xis Sesaxeb azris gamoxatva, aramed SeZlos gamarTuli, salitera- 

turo enis normebis dacviT agebuli msjeloba, sworad gamoiyenos 

saxelis brunvis, zmnis, Tandebulis, ricxvis formebi... yovelive es 

sakiTxebze msjelobisas unda miewodos enis Semswavlels, radgan 

calkeul gramatikul sakiTxebze msjeloba misi gamoyenebis praqti- 

kul mxares ar gulisxmobs. aseTi konstruqciebi calke unda damu- 

Savdes, raTa moswavlem kargad gaacnobieros romeli enobrivi 

forma (brunva, ricxvi, Tandebuli, zmnis dro, sxva gramatikuli ka- 

tegoria) unda gamoiyenos konkretul SemTxvevaSi. aseTi konstruq- 

ciebis miwodebisas, ra Tqma unda, gramatikul sakiTxebze ki ar ga- 

maxvildeba yuradReba, aramed enobriv formebze, rogorc azris ga- 

moxatvis saSualebaze. konstruqciebSi maswavlebelma yuradReba 

unda gaamaxvilos imaze, rom es konkretuli konstruqcia moiTxovs 

konkretul brunvas, mocemul Tandebuls, Sesabamis ricxvis formas 

da ase Semdeg, Tumca sruliadac araa saWiro gramatikuli terminis 

gamoyeneba. aseTi konstruqciebi calke unda amoiweros da mos- 

wavles unda ganemartos, rom swori da gamarTuli msjelobisaTvis 

46

saWiroa maTi Seucvlelad gamoyeneba, radgan winaaRmdeg SemTxveva- 

Si azri damaxinjdeba an Seicvleba. magaliTisaTvis: am garemoebam 

gamoiwvia, sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mniSvnelovania, am problemis 

Taobaze, am movlenebma gamoiwvia saTanado Sedegi... calke gamota- 

nili aseTi konstruqciebi xels Seuwyobs moswavleTa gamarTuli 

metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas. 

funqciuri frazebi 

aseve calke unda damuSavdes da moswavleebs miewodoT is 

funqciuri frazebi, romlebic maswavlebels dasWirdeba sakiTxis 

axsnisas. magaliTad: vnaxoT cxrilze, daxazeT cxrili, SeavseT 

cxrili, SeusabameT swori forma, daakavSireT, daajgufeT, moaxdi- 

neT klasifikacia, miuwereT qarTuli Sesatyvisebi, sqemis / cxrilis 

mixedviT imsjeleT... da ase Semdeg. maTi ganmartebis gareSe mos- 

wavle ver SeZlebs davalebis sworad Sesrulebas. amdenad, maswav- 

lebelma winaswar unda gaTvalos, rogor warimarTeba teqstze mu- 

Saoba da moswavleebs specialurad, axsna-ganmartebiT unda miawo- 

dos is funqciuri frazebi, romlebic sagakveTilo procesSi das- 

WirdebaT, raTa aman SemdgomSi ar gamoiwvios Seferxeba. 

bilingvuri swavlebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxia 

teqstze muSaoba, radgan swored teqstia moswavlisaTvis sagnobri- 

vi codnis mimcemi da amave dros igi aris misi enobrivi kompeten- 

ciis amaRlebis umTavresi saSualeba, radgan enis akademiuri flo- 

bis dones mxolod am gziT vaRwevT. sxva SemTxvevaSi ena mxolod 

komunikaciis saSualebad darCeba enis SemswavlelisaTvis. amdenad, 

Tu teqstze muSaoba sworad ar warimarTa mizani verc erT sferoSi 

ver Sesruldeba da Tavad bilingvuri swavlebis formac safrTxis 

qveS dadgeba. es kargad unda axsovdes maswavlebels. 

47

2. grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba 

ian amos komenskim Tavis naSromSi `didi didaqtika~ didaqtikis 

erT-erT umTavresad TvalsaCinoebis principi miiCnia: òqros kano- 

nad unda iqces piroba: moswavleebs unda meceT ufleba, SeigrZnon 

yvelaferi, rac ki SesaZlebelia SeigrZnon SegrZnebebis doneze: 

xilvadi - mxedvelobiT, xma - smeniT, suni - ynosviT, gemo - gemoTi, 

Sesaxebi - SexebiT.~ 

ratom aris xilvadoba ase mniSvnelovani? 

komenskis azriT, ra enasac ar unda vaswavlideT _ mSobliur 

enasac ki _ unda vaCvenoT nivTebi, romelTa ganmartebac sityvebia 

da unda vaswavloT sityvebiT gamoTqma yvelafrisa, rasac vxedavT, 

rasac vexebiT, rasac vWamT, raTa metyvelebis procesi da azri yo- 

velTvis paralelurad mimdinareobdes da orive viTardebodes er- 

Tad. aravis ar SeiZleba wavakiTxoT is, rac mas ar esmis, an movT- 

xovoT imis ganxilva, ris gamoTqmac mas sityvebiT ar SeuZlia. 

vizualuri saSualebebi damxmare saswavlo saSualebebia, ro- 

melTac aCveneben, demonstrirebas ukeTeben gakveTilze, raTa ufro 

gasagebi da advilad aRsaqmeli gaxdes saswavlo masala, miwodebu- 

li informacia, Teoriuli azri da ase Semdeg. vizualur saSuale- 

bebs, Cveulebriv, saswavlo procesis garkveuli safexuris saWiroe- 

bebisa da moTxovnebis, aseve moswavleebis asakidan gamomdinare 

Tvisebebis Sesabamisad amzadeben. maT ajgufeben bunebriv, xelovnur 

da simbolur vizualur masalad. 

vizualuri masala SeiZleba iyos: 

a) bunebis obieqtebi (demonstrirebis dros, eqskursiebze da gaseir- 

nebis dros), 

48

) specialurad Seqmnili saSualebebi (plakatebi, sqemebi, gamosax- 

ulebebi, foto suraTebi, naxatebi, geometriuli figurebi, muliaJe- 

bi, grafikuli cxrilebi, tabulebi), 

g) simboluri saSualebebi (rukebi, globusebi), 

d) modelebi (aparatebi, xelsawyoebi), 

e) saekrano saSualebebi (kino filmebi, diafilmebi, diapozitivebi 

da sxva), 

v) audiovizualuri saSualebebi (video Canawerebi, audio Canawere- 

bi). 

jgufi: 

tradiciulad gamoiyeneba vizualuri swavlebis meTodis ori 

ilustrirebis meTodi (saswavlo masalis amsaxvel saSuale- 

bebTan dakavSirebuli - plakatebis, rukebis, naxazebis, sqeme- 

bis, gamosaxulebebis, fotosuraTebis, grafikebis, diagrame- 

bis, tabulebis - gamoyenebasTan); 

demonstrirebis meTodi (raTa naCvenebi iyos sivrciTi sas- 

wavlo saSualebebi); 

ilustrireba procesia, romlis mizania Teoriis garkveuli ka- 

noni an movlena ukeT gasagebi gaxados magaliTis, vizualuri saSu- 

alebebis, sityvieri ganmartebebis, moZraobis da ase Semdeg daxma- 

rebiT. 

demonstrireba SesaZlebelia vizualuri masalis damzadebis 

dros, saswavlo eqsperimentebis dros maT Sesaxeb Sefasebebis da 

ganmartebebis gziT, anu maswavleblis, moswavlis an sxva pirovnebis 

mier naTqvamis gamoyenebiT. demonstrireba Sesaswavli nivTis, ob- 

ieqtis, movlenis cocxlad dakvirvebis SesaZleblobas uzrunve- 

lyofs, amgvarad, Sesabamisi saswavlo masalis Sinaarsis ukeTesad 

gaazrebas da aTvisebas uwyobs xels. 

49

vizualuri saswavlo masalis gamoyeneba rom efeqturi 

gaxdes, mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes da gaviTvaliswinoT ramdenime 

piroba da moTxovna. 

saswavlo procesSi vizualuri meTodebis gamoyeneba moswav- 

leebis vizualur mxatvruli azrovnebis ganviTarebas uwyobs 

xels; aaqtiurebs yuradRebas da Semecnebis unars; konkreti- 

zacias ukeTebs saswavlo an gamosakvlev Teoriul sakiTxebs; 

nanax movlenebs ukeTebs sistematizebasa da klasificirebas; 

swavlisadmi interess ukeTebs stimulirebas (Sesabamisad, po- 

zitiuri motivaciis Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels); procesis da 

movlenebis modelirebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, romelTa 

realur droSi dakvirveba SeuZlebelia; saswavlo masalis 

aTvisebis donis Sesaxeb konkretuli informaciis miRebis Se- 

saZleblobas iZleva; 

ar SeiZleba xilvadoba TviTmiznad iqces. vizualuri masalis 

optimalurad gamoyeneba niSnavs amis mizandasaxulad keTebas, 

saswavlo gakveTilis mizanTan da ZiriTad davalebasTan kav- 

Siris gaTvaliswinebiT. xilvadobis meTodi unda daba- 

lansdes sxva meTodebis gamoyenebiT. 

xilvadoba SeiZleba axali saswavlo masalis axsnis dros 

iyos gamoyenebuli, aseve ukve naswavlis ganmtkicebisTvis da 

Sefasebis dros. mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes rom vizualuri 

masalis gamoyeneba gakveTilisTvis gamoyofili dros 

sagrZnoblad dazogvaSi gvexmareba. 

vizualuri masalis damzadeba SeuZlia maswavlebels (gamoye- 

nebis win an gamoyenebis dros) da aseve moswavleebs (indivi- 

dualurad an jgufebSi, wyvilebSi muSaobaSi). damzadebul 

masalaSi maswavlebels Tavisufali adgilebis datoveba 

SeuZlia, romelic Semdgom moswavles SeeZleba Seavsos (miax- 

atos, miaweros rame, an raimes saxeli daarqvas). 

50

vizualuri masalis gamoyenebis dros unda darwmundeT, rom 

mas yvela moswavle kargad xedavs. 

mniSvnelovania moswavleebis asakobrivi jgufisTvis damax- 

asiaTebeli Tvisebebis gaTvaliswineba, mexsierebis dominanti 

saxeobebi. 

bilingvuri swavlisa da swavlebis dros gansakuTrebiT 

mniSvnelovania grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba. es xerxi 

kargad Seesabameba ori saswavlo sagnis swavlebis miznebs (meore 

enisa da raime sxva sagnisa). grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyene- 

biT, maswavlebeli uzrunvelyofs rogorc sagnis masalis, aseve 

enis aTvisebis warmatebulobas. 

grafikuli organizatorebi da maTi funqciebi: 

grafikuli organizatorebi informaciis struqturirebis 

xerxia _ mowesrigebis (dajgufebis) uniSvnelovanesi xerxi. 

grafikuli organizatorebi informacias vizualurad gvaCve- 

neben. 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba aqtiur swavlas 

uwyobs xels. magaliTad: saSinao davalebis (savarjiSoebis) 

Sesrulebis dros, moswavleebi im enas iyeneben, romelzec 

laparakoben, kiTxuloben, weren, ismenen, fiqroben, xolo in- 

formaciis grafikulad ganlagebis dros isini iyeneben ro- 

gorc nacnob, aseve ucnob informacias. 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba maswavlebels da 

moswavles Soris TanamSromlobas, anu kooperatiul swavle- 

bas, uwyobs xels,. 

grafikuli organizatorebi gvexmareba teqstis vizualurad 

mowesrigebaSi (mis gagebaSi). maTi gamoyeneba SeiZleba: 

1) teqstis an axali masalis wakiTxvis win, 

51

2) wakiTxvis Semdeg, 

3) weris an davalebis werilobiT Sesrulebis win, 

4) teqstis an davalebis ganxilvis dros, 

5) diskusiis dros, 

6) daskvnebis gakeTebis procesSi da a.S. 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba moswavlis saswavlo 

Temis Sesaxeb arsebuli codnis dadgenaSi (gaazrebaSi) gvex- 

mareba, aseve _ axali codnis aTvisebisTvis moswavleebis 

momzadebaSi. 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyenebis dros, moswavle da 

maswavlebeli erTmaneTisgan swavloben (masalasac, erTmane- 

Tis gagebas da erTmaneTTan urTierTobas). bilingvuri swav- 

lis procesSi aseT TanamSromlobas gansakuTrebuli mniSv- 

neloba aqvs. moswavleebi sakuTari codnis struqturirebas 

swavloben da aqedan gamomdinare swavlis sakuTar strate- 

gias irCeven. 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba rogorc vizualuri, 

aseve sityvieri (verbaluri) informaciis gamoyenebas ganapi- 

robebs. es moswavleebs SesaZleblobas aZlevs airCion, vari- 

reba gaukeTon swavlis stils, sakuTari SesaZleblobebis 

gaTvaliswinebiT. 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyenebis upiratesobebi: 

SegviZlia gamoviyenoT iseT auditoriaSi, romelSic 

moswavleebis enis codnis done sxvadasxvaa. 

SegviZlia gamoviyenoT iseT auditoriaSi, romelSic 

moswavleebis aTvisebis unaris done sxvadasxvaa. 

SegviZlia ganvaviTaroT da gavafarTooT leqsikuri 

maragi. 

52

moswavlis codnas awesrigebs, xels uwyobs misi disku- 

siis unarisa da SesaZleblobis ganviTarebas, aseve sa- 

kuTari azris da mis xelT arsebuli informaciis ga- 

moTqmis. 

im moswavleTa azrisa da enis integrirebas uwyobs 

xels, romelTac gansxvavebuli (sxvadasxva) swavlis 

stili aqvT. 

ufro xelmisawvdoms xdis nebismieri saxis (esoden 

rTul, specifikur da ucxo) informacias (saswavlo sa- 

gans). 

ras unda mivaqcioT yuradReba grafikuli organizatorebis gamoye- 

nebis dros? 

yuradReba unda mieqces mTavar informacias, cnebebs, azrebs: 

mTavari unda gamoikveTos (ufro didi asoebi an naxatebi, 

ufro mkveTri feriT gaxazuli an gaferadebuli), naklebad 

mniSvnelovani ufro patara asoebiT, an sxvanairad unda dai- 

weros (weris mimarTulebis Secvla SeiZleba). 

grafikuli organizatorebi sxvadasxva moswavlis individua- 

luri gamocdilebisa da codnis dadgenis SesaZleblobas 

gvaZlevs, Semdgom am informaciaze dayrdnobiT axali codnis 

miRebis SesaZleblobas. es swavlis process realurad amar- 

tivebs da aadvilebs. 

xeli SeuwyveT cnebebis da zogadi saxelebis ganviTarebas! 

grafikuli organizatorebi gviCveneben mTavar azrs, Sesabami- 

si leqsikis daxmarebiT. daexmareT moswavleebs cnebebis Se- 

madgeneli nawilebis (atributebis) danaxvaSi. mizani aris ga- 

geba da swavla, amitom gamoiyeneT iseTi sityvebis maragi, 

53

omlebic ganmartavs, azustebs, ilustrirebas ukeTebs in- 

formacias. 

xSirad gamoiyeneT wera, kiTxva, azrovneba! 

moswavleebs rom grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba an 

Sedgena SeeZloT, maT bevri unda ikiTxon, ifiqron da weron. 

roca moswavleebi grafikulad asaxaven informacias an kama- 

Toben mis Sesaxeb, maT uwevT masalis gadakiTxva, erTmaneTSi 

molaparakeba, saubari, damtkiceba, Sesabamisad xedaven movle- 

naTa urTierT kavSirs, urTierTobas, movlenebis ganviTare- 

bas, mizezebsa da Sedegebs. 

wera exmareba da xelSemwyobia dagegmarebisa da ganxilvisa! 

grafikuli organizatorebi efeqturi saSualebaa diskusiis 

principiT muSaobis, gegmis Sedgenis, weris organizebis dros. 

yvelafris Caweris Semdeg SegviZlia naSromis Sinaarsis daj- 

gufeba da gadaxarisxeba. 

ganaviTareT mimdinare diskusia! 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyeneba azrebs mimarTulebas 

aZlevs. moswavleebi avTentur enas xmaroben - interpretire- 

bis, analizis, problemis gadawyvetis, daTanxmebis, ardaTanx- 

mebis, TanamSromlobis, Secdomebis daSvebis dros - saswavlo 

masalidan romelime specifikuri Temis Seswavlis procesSi. 

instruqciebis an grafikuli organizatorebis micemis dros 

Tqven exmarebiT dagegmvaSi. 

grafikuli organizatorebis gamoyenebiT maswavlebeli mos- 

wavleebs aCvenebs mTavars raime Temis, cnebis Sesaxeb da 

xerxs, Tu rogor SeiZleba axali informaciis aTviseba. igi 

faqtobrivad rCevas an instruqcias iZleva, Tu rogor SeiZ- 

leba swavlis gagrZeleba (rogor SeiZleba am Temis aTviseba). 

54

grafikuli organizatorebi Sefasebis instrumentia. grafi- 

kuli organizatorebi moswavlis codnis, Segnebis, swavlis, 

fiqris donis obieqturad Sefasebis SesaZleblobas iZleva. 

55

3. Secdomebze muSaoba 

enis Seswavlis procesSi Secdomebi gardauvalia. igi enis aT- 

visebis Tanamdevi movlenaa. Sesaswavl enaze metyvelebis unaris 

ganviTareba aucileblad iwvevs Secdomebs, romlebic sxvadasxva 

faqtorebiTaa ganpirobebuli: rTulia Sesaswavli enis fonematuri 

struqturis srulad aTviseba da misi realizeba, sawarmoTqmo apa- 

ratis morgeba axali enis monacemebTan, aseve xdeba mSobliuri enis 

yalibis meqanikuri gadatana axal enobriv sistemaSi, an adgili aqvs 

konstruqciis arasrulad aTvisebas da miRebuli codnis arasrul- 

fasovnad gadatanas praqtikaSi. es da sxva mravali sakiTxi gansa- 

kuTrebulad TvalsaCinoa saklaso muSaobisas. rogor unda moiqces 

maswavlebeli? reagirebis gareSe datovos Secdomebi Tu meyseulad 

mianiSnos masze moswavles? mxolod gausworos Secdoma Tu imsje- 

los TiToeul maTganze? ra dro dauTmos Secdomebis analizs? Se- 

moitanos axali masala Tu isev imuSaos im masalaze, romelic jer 

kidev ar auTvisebia moswavles ise, rom ar dauSvas Secdoma? yvela 

Secdomaze hqondes reaqcia maswavlebels Tu mxolod zogierTze an 

SerCeviT imsjelos TiToeulze? ra dro dauTmos Secdomebis ana- 

lizs da rogor miawodos is klass? individualurad unda moxdes 

moswavleTa mier daSvebuli Secdomebis analizi Tu igi saklaso 

ganxilvis sagani unda gaxdes? _ es kiTxvebi da maTze pasuxis ga- 

cema mniSvnelovania saswavlo procesis srulyofilad agebisaTvis 

da sagakveTilo procesSi maswavleblis qmedebis sworad warmarT- 

visaTvis. 

pirveli da mniSvnelovani piroba, romelic unda Sesruldes, 

aris is, rom moswavle, romelic cdilobs Sesaswavl enaze martivi 

komunikaciis agebas da axerxebs Tundac elementarul komunikacias, 

56

ar unda SevaferxoT; anu am SemTxvevaSi uSecdomo metyveleba an 

Secdomebis analizi ki araa mTavari, aramed is, rom Sesaswavl 

enaze metyvelebis survili gavuCinoT enis Semswavlels / mos- 

wavles. es metad mniSvnelovani fsiqologiuri faqtoria, radgan 

enis Seswavlisas yvelas uviTardeba kompleqsi imisa, rom igi aras- 

worad an arasrulyofilad gadmoscems azrs. Tu maswavlebeli am 

SemTxvevaSi yovel Secdomaze reagirebs, sasurveli Sedegis nac- 

vlad, rom moswavlem gamarTulad ilaparakos, SesaZloa sruliad 

sapirispiro Sedegi miviRoT _ moswavles daekargeba Sesaswavl 

enaze metyvelebis survili. 

aRsaniSnavia is, rom Secdomebi mosalodnelia yvela doneze, 

magram sxvadasxva doneze Secdomebi sxvadasxvagvari iqneba. enis 

Seswavlis pirvelive safexurze Cndeba sawarmoTqmo problemebi. Se- 

saswavli enis fonematuri struqtura erTbaSad Zneli aRsaqmeli da 

warmosaTqmelia. miT ufro, es exeba specifikuri bgerebis sworad 

gamoTqmas. Semdgom etapze Tavs iCens sxvadasxvagvari gramatikuli 

sakiTxi. Secdomebi mudmivad vlindeba weraSi. yvela am sakiTxs 

etapobrivad da mizanmimarTulad unda damuSaveba. Secdomebze mu- 

Saoba saswavlo procesis ganuyofel nawilad unda iqces. enis 

swavlebisas Secdomebi gardauvalia, amdenad saswavlo procesis 

sworad dagegmva gulisxmobs Secdomebze specialur muSaobas. amg- 

varad dagegmili saqmianoba ki safuZveli gaxdeba, erTi mxriv, enis 

komunikaciuri aspeqtis ganviTarebisa, xolo meore mxriv, igi gana- 

viTarebs da aamaRlebs enis akademiuri flobis dones. 

Secdomebze muSaoba warmoTqmaSi 

sawarmoTqmo problemebi Tavs iCens enis swavlebis pirvelive 

dRidan, magram maTi gamosworeba mcire droSi ar moxdeba, rac ar 

unda gaZlierebuli da intensiuri muSaoba Catardes am mxriv. enis 

codnis donis amaRlebasTan erTad sawarmoTqmo problemebic mcir- 

57

deba, magram igi yovelTvis SeiZleba darCes aqcentis saxiT, anu 

srulyofilad swori warmoTqmac verasodes ganxorcieldes. ramde- 

nadac es SeiZleba ganvixiloT mkveTrad individualuri Tvisebebisa 

da unarebis gamovlenad, amdenad misi srulad daZleva mxolod in- 

dividis SesaZleblobebs SeiZleba mivandoT. zogierTi individi bu- 

nebrivi smenisa da sxva unar-Cvevebis Sedegad enis aTvisebis para- 

lelurad axerxebs sawarmoTqmo aparatis srulyofas da uaqcento 

metyvelebas, zogisaTvis ki es mudmiv maxasiaTeblad rCeba, Tumca 

SesaZloa, misi enobrivi kompetencia maRalic ki iyos. amdenad, sa- 

warmoTqmo problemebis analizisas unda moxdes mxolod ZiriTad 

problemebze aqcentireba. rogorc cnobilia, bgeris umTavresi max- 

asiaTebeli misi sityvaTganmasxvavebeli funqciaa _ bgeraTa Canac- 

vlebiT SeiZleba miviRoT sruliad gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobis si- 

tyva. amitom enis SemswavlelTan gansakuTrebulad unda mieqces yu- 

radReba amgvar problemebs enaSi da masze specialurad Seiqmnas 

savarjiSoebi, raTa sawarmoTqmo problema ar gadaizardos enobriv 

problemaSi. amisaTvis: 

specialurad damuSavdes Sesaswavli enis fonematuri struq- 

tura enis Semswavlelis mSobliur enasTan mimarTebiT da ga- 

moiyos gansxvavebuli bgerebi; am bgeraTa gamoyenebiT Seiqmnas 

winadadebebi da mcire zomis martivi, araavTenturi teqstebi, 

romlebsac gamoviyenebT rogorc sawarmoTqmo miznebisaTvis, 

ise karnaxisa da werisaTvis. yoveli nacionaluri jgufisaT- 

vis unda ganisazRvros SecdomaTa mosalodneli tipebi. maga- 

liTad, Turqul da azerbaijanulenovan moswavleebs, agreTve 

evropuli enebis umravles warmomadgenlebs uZneldebaT qar- 

Tuli enis yru mkveTr TanxmovanTa warmoTqma, rogorebicaa: p, 

t, k; rusulenovan enis Semswavlels gauWirdeba yru fSvin- 

vierebis warmoTqma: f, T, q. aseve rTulia afrikatebis (Z, c, w, 

j, C, W) warmoTqma zemoTCamoTvlili enebis warmomadgenle- 

58

isTvis, magram somxurenovani moswavlisaTvis es ar warmoad- 

gens gansakuTrebul problemas. qarTulisaTvis specifikuria 

enisZirismieri y Tanxmovani da misi sworad warmoTqma 

xangrZliv, SesaZloa dauZlevel problemadac ki darCes qar- 

Tuli enis SemswavlelisaTvis. amdenad am problemebze auci- 

leblad unda gamaxvildes yuradReba, magram srulyofili 

warmoTqmis survilma ar unda Seaferxos enis Seswavlis 

procesi da arc enis Semswavlels unda gauCndes iseTi gan- 

wyoba, rom es dauZleveli procesia. Tu Secdomebi ar cvlis 

sityvis mniSvnelobas, maTze specialurad yuradRebis gamax- 

vileba arcaa saWiro, radgan amgvari problemebi enobrivi 

kompetenciis amaRlebasTan erTad TandaTan Semcirdeba. 

gamoiyos iseTi bgerebi, romelTa araswori gamoyeneba gamoiw- 

vevs sityvis mniSvnelobis cvlas. qarTulisaTvis aseTia: p - 

f: papa - fafa, piri _ firi, puri _ furi, poni _ foni, paqti _ 

faqti... T _ t: Tari _ tari, Taro _ taro, TuSi _ tuSi... q _ 

k: qudi _ kudi, qari _ kari, qera _ kera, qula _ kula... c _ 

w: celi _ weli, curavs _ wuravs... C _ W: Ciri _ Wiri, Cala _ 

Wala... g _ R: gori _ Rori, gvari _ Rvari, gomi _ Romi, go- 

nieri _ Ronieri... R - y: Ria _ yia, Rele _ yeli... da ase Sem- 

deg. sasurvelia, enis Semswavlels sakiTxav da sawarmoTqmo 

masalad winaswar mivawodoT aseTi sityvebi, raTa man, erTi 

mxriv, yuradReba gaamaxvilos maT sworad warmoTqmaze da 

meore mxriv, Tavad icodes mosalodneli Secdomis arseboba. 

am sityvaTa gamoyenebiT sasurvelia, Seiqmnas winadadebebi an 

mcire moculobis teqstebi, romelTa gamoyeneba SeiZleba sa- 

kiTxavad, smenisa da gagebis unaris gasaumjobeseblad, kar- 

naxiT werisaTvis. aseve mizanSewonili iqneba Casasmeli sa- 

varjiSoebis miwodebac, romlebSic Tavad unda gansazRvros 

sityvis konteqsturi mniSvneloba da Tavad unda SearCios 

59

mocemul sityvaTagan erT-erTi. aseve mniSvnelovania specia- 

luri mizniT Seqmnili audio masalis miwodeba an maswav- 

leblis mier warmoTqmuli calkeuli sityvebisa da teqstebis 

demonstrireba. 

momzaddes specialuri savarjiSoebi sawarmoTqmo aparatis 

dasaxvewad; amisaTvis SeiZleba misaRebi iyos ènis gasatexeb- 

ic~, magram aq unda gaviTvaliswinoT is, rom enis gasatexis 

yvela sityva advilad asaxsneli da gasagebi unda iyos enis 

SemswavlelisaTvis. 

swavlebis procesSi sasurvelia maswavlebelma CainiSnos is 

Secdomebi, romlebsac warmoTqmisas uSveben moswavleebi da 

Semdgom Seqmnas specialuri savarjiSoebi maTTvis. amgvari 

savarjiSoebis SesaZlo tipebis: TvalsaCinoeba, romelzedac 

moxdeba swori da araswori formebis gamijvna (ra aris ga- 

moxatuli suraTze: qari Tu kari?, romelia wigni da romeli 

ciga?...), demonstrirebaze dayrdnobiT gameoreba, simReris an 

leqsis audioCanaweris mosmena da Semdgom moswavleebis mier 

imave teqstis gameoreba... es ukanaskneli SesaZloa xSirad Ta- 

vad maswavlebelma Seasrulos: mis mier wakiTxul an war- 

moTqmul teqsts imeoreben moswavleebi. 

moiZebnos masala (leqsebi, simRerebi...), romlebic gamosadegi 

iqneba sawarmoTqmo daniSnulebiT. 

aseve didi mniSvneloba eqneba multiplikaciuri da mxatvru- 

li filmebis naxvas specialuri davalebebiT (magaliTad, 

kiTxva-pasuxi: ra Tqva am gmirma? ra upasuxa meorem?...). 

Secdomebze muSaoba zepirmetyvelebaSi 

rogorc ukve iTqva, maswavleblis pirveli rigis amocanaa, rom 

ar Seawyvetinos moswavles metyveleba daSvebuli Secdomebis gamo. 

magram amave dros: 

60

maswavlebelma unda CainiSnos Secdomebi; 

maswavlebelma unda moaxdinos SecdomaTa klasifikacia; 

unda ganisazRvros SecdomaTa tipebi enis kompetenciis mixed- 

viT, anu moxdes im sakiTxebis gamoyofa, romelzedac yura- 

dRebis miqceva SesaZlebeli iqneba enis flobis konkretuli 

donisaTvis; 

Seiqmnas specialuri savarjiSoebi, testebi mosalodneli 

Secdomebis gamosasworeblad; 

asakisa da enis flobis donis mixedviT daigegmos samuSaoebi 

klasSi Sesasruleblad (maswavleblis saubari, specialuri 

ganmarteba, axsna, analizi...). 

gramatikul Secdomebze muSaoba 

gramatikuli Secdomebis gamosworeba metad xangrZlivi pro- 

cesia da igi gansakuTrebul muSaobas moiTxovs rogorc maswav- 

leblis, ise enis Semswavlelis mxridan. 

maswavlebelma unda CainiSnos yvela is Secdoma, romelsac 

moswavleebi uSveben zepirmetyvelebisas Tu werisas. magram yvela 

Secdomis analizi, bunebrivia, ver moxdeba erTbaSad, radgan igi 

moiTxovs rogorc enobrivi kompetenciis garkveul dones, ise ga- 

saTvaliswinebelia asakobrivi sakiTxic, radgan arsebobs Secdoma- 

Ta meqanikuri da gaazrebuli daZlevis gzebi. dawyebiTi klasebis 

moswavleebs sasurvelia mxolod swori forma mivawodoT xSirad 

daSvebuli Secdomebis sanacvlod da specialuri analizis gareSe 

mivaRwioT maT gamosworebas. asakobrivi da enobrivi kompetenciis 

zrdasTan erTad TandaTanobiT moxdeba enobrivi struqturisa da 

enobrivi meqanizmebis gaazreba da SecdomaTa safuZvlian analizs 

mxolod am SemTxvevaSi eqneba azri. 

gramatikuli Secdomebis analizisas mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, 

Tu ra iwvevs am tipis Secdomas. am SemTxvevaSi ramdenime aspeqti 

61

unda gaviTvaliswinoT: Secdoma SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos mSobli- 

uri enis analogiT, radgan enis Semswavlels pirdapir gadmoaqvs 

Tavisi enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli konstruqcia Sesaswavl enaSi; 

gramatikul Secdomebs iwvevs enobrivi kompetenciis dabali done, 

anu Sesaswavli enis struqturis arcodna da enobrivi meqanizmebis 

gauTvaliswinebloba. 

rogor unda vimuSaoT gramatikul Secdomebze? 

pirvel rigSi unda moxdes SecdomaTa klasifikacia, magali- 

Tad: Secdomebi piris formaTa sworad gamoyenebis sakiTxSi, 

zmnis droTa formebis warmoebaSi, Secdomebi zmnur kon- 

struqciebSi, anu zmnasTan dakavSirebul saxelTa formebis 

sworad gamoyeneba, rTuli winadadebebis konstruqciebis 

Sedgena Tu sxva tipisa... 

sasurvelia Seiqmnas TvalsaCinoeba _ sqemebi, cxrilebi... 

romlebic asaxaven, rogorc Sesaswavli enis Taviseburebebs, 

aseve moaxdenen mosalodnel SecdomaTa sapirispirod swori 

formebis gaaqtiurebas; 

unda Seiqmnas specialuri savarjiSoebi TiToeuli sakiTxi- 

saTvis: Casma, swori formis SerCeva, areuli Tanmimdevrobis 

dalageba, zmnis, winadadebis, teqstis gadayvana sxva drois / 

piris formaSi, kiTxva-pasuxi pirTa formebis gaaqtiurebiT, 

minidialogis Sedgena mocemuli formebis gamoyenebiT, situ- 

aciuri TamaSebi Sesaswavli formebis gamoyenebiT, gamonakli- 

sebze specialuri muSaoba da ase Semdeg... 

mocemuli formebis gamoyenebiT winadadebebi an teqstis Sed- 

gena; 

informaciis gameoreba da axali winadadebis / informaciis 

damateba; 

dialogis Sedgena mocemuli an gansaxilveli formebis ga- 

moyenebiT (wyvilebSi muSaoba)... 

62

gramatikuli Secdomebze muSaobis erT-erTi efeqturi gzaa 

funqciuri gramatikis sakiTxebis miwodeba enis SemswavlelTaT- 

vis. igi gansakuTrebulad avlens gramatikis praqtikul daniS- 

nulebas da amave dros aviTarebs enobriv kompetenciebs komuni- 

kaciuri situaciebis mixedviT. 

Secdomebze muSaoba weris mimarTulebiT 

weriTi davalebebi metad mniSvnelovania rogorc uSualod 

weris unar-Cvevis, ise zogadad enobrivi kompetenciis ganviTarebi- 

saTvis. weris procesi metyvelebasTan SedarebiT nela da pasiuri 

codnis gaaqtiurebiT mimdinareobs, ramdenadac enis Semswavlels / 

moswavles sakmarisi dro aqvs azris gadmosacemad mis mier aTvise- 

buli masalidan gaazrebulad SearCios formebi. amdenad werisas 

daSvebuli Secdomebi saukeTeso indikatoria gaazrebuli codnis 

doneze arsebul problemaTa gamosavlenad. Tu weriT namuSevarSi 

Secdomebi mravladaa, es aSkarad aCvenebs, rom enis Semswavleli- 

saTvis garkveuli sakiTxebi jer kidev dauZlevelia. amdenad, weri- 

sas daSvebul Secdomebze mizanmimarTulad unda imuSaos rogorc 

enis Semswavlelmac, aseve maswavlebelma. 

weriTi davalebebis saxiT moswavles SesaZloa sxvadasxva sa- 

muSao mieces da TiToeuli maTgani Tavisebur midgomasa da muSao- 

bas moiTxovs. upirveles yovlisa ki unda aRiniSnos, rom didi 

mniSvneloba eniWeba weriTi namuSevris kargad gamoyenebas Secdoma- 

Ta analizisaTvis. amitom maswavlebelma aucileblad unda mianiS- 

nos yvela Secdomaze, xolo Semdgom gamokveTilad unda miuTiTos 

swori forma an azris gamoxatvis swori enobrivi saSualebebi. vi- 

zualizaciis es xerxi kargi saSualebaa moswavlisaTvis sakuTar 

SecdomaTa gasaanalizeblad. 

dawyebiT safexurze efeqturia karnaxi, radgan igi avlens im 

problemebs, romlebic mosmenis, gagebis, enis fonematuri struqtu- 

63

isa da orTografiis gaazrebis dones avlens. karnaxi kargad ga- 

moavlens, ra problemebia bgeraTa aRqmisa da sworad weris Tval- 

sazrisiT. 

weriTi davalebis erT-erTi saxeobas warmoadgens winadadebe- 

bisa da teqstebis Sedgena. am SemTxvevaSi vlindeba gramatikuli 

problemebi, rac aseve unda gaxdes Secdomebis gasworebisa da ana- 

lizi safuZveli. rveulSi, specialur adgilze, gamokveTilad, um- 

jobesia sqematurad da TvalsaCinod, saTiTaod unda gamoikveTos 

yvela Secdoma swori variantis CvenebiT. 

M metad efeqturi saSualebaa, moswavleTa mier Secdome- 

bis gasworeba. amisaTvis rveulSi unda gamoiyos adgili Secdomebis 

gasworebisaTvis, sadac moswavle Tavadve dawers Secdomis sanac- 

vlod swor, gamarTul variants. 

mokled, Secdomebis analizi weris mimarTulebiT amgvarad 

SeiZleba warmovidginoT: 

karnaxi da misi analizi; 

weriTi davaleba da misi analizi; 

naweris gasworebisas mieniSnos yvela Secdoma swori formis 

miTiTebiT; 

gamoiyos specialuri adgili Secdomebis gasworebisaTvis; 

Seiqmnas specialuri davalebebi, teqstebi tipur SecdomaTa 

gaanalizebisaTvis. 

dasasrul, kidev erTxel mivubrundeT im SekiTxvebs, romleb- 

ic daisva da sakiTxis gaTvaliswinebiT maT mokled gavceT pa- 

suxi: 

amdenad, Secdomebi reagirebis gareSe ar unda darCes, magram 

TiToeul maTganze dauyovneblivi reagireba Seaferxebs moswav- 

lis metyvelebis process. amitom sasurvelia, maswavlebelma Cai- 

niSnos Secdomebi, moaxdinos maTi klasifikacia da Semdgom 

gaaanalizos isini. enis Seswavlis sawyis safexurze SeiZleba 

64

mxolod mieniSnos swori formis Sesaxeb. aseve efeqturi iqneba 

TvalsaCinoebebis, gansakuTrebiT ki sqemebis, gamoyeneba. enobrivi 

kompetenciis zrdasTan erTad ki sasurvelia SecdomaTa analizi 

da maTze garkveuli msjeloba. SecdomaTa klasifikaciis Semdeg 

maswavlebelma enis aTvisebis procesSi TandaTanobiT unda gaaa- 

nalizos Secdomebi da igi etapobrivad miawodos klass. araa 

aucilebeli Secdomebis analizs mTeli sagakveTilo procesi 

daeTmos, an garkveuli TanamimdevrobiT moxdes maTze msjeloba. 

piriqiT, maTi gaanalizeba SeniSvnis xasiaTs unda atarebdes. 

aseve aucilebelia specialuri savarjiSoebis Sedgena, romleb- 

Sic ukve gaanalizebuli Secdomebis praqtikaSi gadatana moxde- 

ba. es kidev erTxel gamoavlens imas, ramdenad sworad iyeneben 

ganxilul formebs. sasurvelia Secdomebi mTel klasTan erTad 

gaanalizdes da ara individualurad, Tumca weris mimarTulebiT 

amas mainc individualuri xasiaTi eZleva. 

65

4. bilingvuri gakveTilis Sefaseba 

B bilingvuri swavlebis procesis Sefasebisas gansakuTrebuli 

yuradReba eqceva Tavad swavlebis processa da swavlebis 

strategiebs (formatuli Sefaseba) da Sedegebs (Semajamebeli 

Sefaseba). amisaTvis gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva xerxi, kerZod: 

dakvirveba, interviu, testebi da sxva. producirebis unarebis 

Sefaseba gulisxmobs pasuxs Semdeg kiTxvebze: 

ra informaciis / sametyvelo funqciis gamoyeneba Seu- 

ZliaT mSobliur da meore enaze moswavleebs Secdome- 

biT Tu uSecdomod (dasaxuli amocanebis Sesrulebis 

Sefaseba)? 

visTan _ maswavleblebTan, TanatolebTan da stumrebTan 

_ SeuZliaT urTierTqmedeba (komunikaciis problema)? 

rogoria maTi lingvisturi unarebi (enobrivi konstruq- 

ciebis aTvisebis donis Sefaseba da ara Secdomebis aR- 

nusxva)? 

SemfasebelTa amocanebSi unda Sediodes saswavlo procesis 

analizi (dakvirveba klasSi), maswavleblis / moswavleebis / 

mSoblebis urTierTobebi, saswavlo masalebi, aseve moswavleTa 

kompetenciebis testireba (formatuli / Semajamebeli). klasSi 

dakvirvebisas yuradReba unda mieqces ara marto moswavleebis, 

aramed maswavleblis qcevasac: ra gavlenas axdens is moswavleebze 

da rodis da rogor iyenebs enebs? rogor qmnis motivacias? rogor 

reagirebs Secdomebze? Secdomebis gasworebis rogor formebs 

iyenebs: modelirebas (swori formis Tanamimdevruli da xSiri 

gameoreba Secdomebis pirdapiri Sesworebis gareSe) Tu xelaxla 

66

formulirebas (moswavlis SecdomiT naTqvamis sworad da gasagebad 

formulireba)? rogor aris organizebuli saswavlo procesi? 

moswavleTa progresis Sesafaseblad bilingvur skolaSi 

yuradReba unda mieqces maT miRwevebs saganSi. bilingvur skolaSi 

moswavles xuTi weli mainc sWirdeba imisaTvis, rom igi daeuflos 

meore enas sagnebis Sesaswavlad. Aam xangrZlivobis gamo moswavles 

SeiZleba gauCndes sakuTari ususurobis gancda, Camouyalibdes 

dabali TviTSefaseba. am problemis gadasawyvetad arsebobs ori 

gza: pirveli _ bilingvuri klasis moswavleTa Sefaseba 

specialurad maTTvis Sedgenili standartebis mixedviT. am midgomam 

SeiZleba mSoblebisa da sagnebis maswavlebelTa gamoiwvios, radgan 

maTi survilia, moswavlis Sedegebi Seesabamebodes saxelmwifo 

standarts. amis gamo aucilebeli xdeba Cveulebrivi skolebisaTvis 

kuTvnili testebis gamoyeneba. Mmagram, amasTan, unda vifiqroT 

testebSi garkveuli cvlilebebis Setanis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, aseTi 

SeiZleba iyos orenovani testi. aseve SeiZleba moswavleebs 

SeiZleba mieceT damatebiTi dro, neba davrToT, isargeblon 

leqsikonebiT an gavumartivoT testuri davalebebis pirobebi. 

vafasebT ra bilingvur programebs, ar unda 

SemovifargloT mxolod enobrivi unarebis SefasebiT. unda 

Sefasdes Sinaarsi, mizani da meTodika. 

ras 

vafasebT? 

qvemoT gTavazobT savaraudo CamonaTvalis cxrils: 

moswavleTa 

Sefaseba 

kompetencias 

mSobliur enaSi; 

kompetencias sa- 

ganSi; 

67 

bilingvuri 

swavlebis 

komponentebis 

Sefaseba 

swavlebis meTodika; 

saswavlo Sinaarsi; 

maswavlebelTa ur- 

TierToba moswavle- 

bilingvuri 

modelis 

Sefaseba 

modelis efeq- 

turoba; 

bilingvuri 

swavlebis mas-

vin 

afasebs? 

kompetencias meore 

enaSi; 

motivacias; 

sxva kompetenciebi 

(kognituri unare- 

bi, socialuri un- 

arebi, sxva saswav- 

lo una-rebi); 

maswavleble-bi; 

saatestacio / saga- 

mocdo komisia. 

mizani moswavleTa Zlieri 

rogor 

vafasebT? 

da susti mxare- 

ebis gamovlena; 

standartis Sede- 

gebis miRweva; 

informacia mSo- 

belTaTvis; 

SerCeva. 

kiTxvarebi; 

testebi; 

interviu; 

dakvirveba. 

ebTan. wavlebelTa 

damkvirvebelTa jgufi. 

xarisxis kontroli; 

masalebis gadamuSa- 

veba; 

maswavlebelTa mom- 

zadebis done. 

interviu; 

dakvirveba klasSi 

Catarebul samuSa- 

oebze; 

zepirmetyvelebis 

analizi; 

saswavlo masalebis 

analizi. 

68 

momzadeba. 

gare monitor- 

ingis jgufi. 

gadawyvetilebis 

miReba modelis 

SenarCuneba / 

arSenarCunebaze, 

ganviTarebaze. 

saswavlo prog- 

ramebisanali- zi; 

kiTxvarebi; 

kvlevebi. 

gakveTilis Sefasebisas, rekomendebulia, rom maswavleblebma 

upasuxon Semdeg kiTxvebs: 

miRweuli iyo Tu ara gakveTilis gamokveTili miznebi?

SerCeuli strategiebis saSualebiT ramdenad moxerxda gakveTi- 

lis winaSe dasmuli amocanebis gadaWra? 

Seesabameba Tu ara gakveTilisaTvis gamoyofili drois gadana- 

wileba realur SesaZleblobebs da moswavleTa moTxovnebs? 

rogor gamoiyeneben moswavleebi gakveTilze miRebul codnas 

momavalSi? 

ra SeiZleboda gakeTebuliyo sxvagvarad? 

TviTSefaseba 

imisaTvis, rom moswavle SeeCvios sakuTari pasuxis Semowme- 

bas, Camouyalibdes Secdomis mimarT swori damokidebuleba, daZ- 

lios SiSi Secdomis winaSe, xSirad unda mivceT sakuTari namuSev- 

ris Sefasebis saSualeba. TviTSefaseba mas exmareba imis gacnobie- 

rebaSi, rom Secdomebis aRiareba da gamosworeba winsvlis aucile- 

beli pirobaa. TviTSefasebiT igi grZnobs met valdebulebas da 

cdilobs iyos maqsimalurad obieqturi. 

TviTSefasebis ramdenime xerxi arsebobs. yvelaze gavrcele- 

bulia swor pasuxebTan moswavleebis pasuxebis Sedareba. moswav- 

leebi am Sedarebis gziT Tavad aRmoaCenen sakuTar Secdomebs da 

Semdeg aanalizeben, ratom dauSves es Secdomebi, ris codna da- 

akldaT, ra ver gaiTvaliswines, iqneb koncentracia ver moaxerxes 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT an marTebuli gza ar airCies da sxva. 

TviTSefasebis procesSi mniSvnelovani swored sakuTari saq- 

mianobis refleqsiis procesia. es aRmoaCeninebs moswavles sakuTar 

sust mxareebs, romelTa dasaZlevadac unda mimarTos sakuTari Za- 

lisxmeva. Sedegiania TviTSefasebis iseTi xerxi, roca moswavle 

winaswar SemuSavebuli Sefasebis sqemis mixedviT afasebs sakuTar 

naSroms, Semdeg ucvlis mewyviles da erTmaneTis namuSevrebs afa- 

69

seben, bolos ki maswavlebeli afasebs. am SemTxvevaSic mniSvnelo- 

vania analizis procesi. ra daemTxva Sefasebis am sam SemTxvevaSi 

erTmaneTs, ra _ ara da ratom? ris codna ar eyo moswavles Tavad 

an mis Tanaklasels obieqturi SefasebisaTvis. 

70

Tavi III 

1. bilingvuri gakveTilis dagegmva 

riT gansxvavdeba bilingvuri gakveTili meore enis swavlebis 

gakveTilisgan? 

enis gakveTili gakveTili, romelzedac 

viTardeba ena 

programa yuradReba maxvildeba yuradReba sagnis 

enaze da enis Seswav- Sinaarsa da enobriv 

lis miznebze (codna unarebze (sagnis 

enaze da enis codna) codna da enis 

dagegmva 

gamoyeneba) 

yuradReba enaze, mis yuradReba enis ga- 

struqturaze, enis moyenebaze, vsaubrobT 

Seswavlis kontrolsa ra sagnis Sinaarsze; 

da praqtikul samu- yuradReba im Si- 

Saoze enaSi 

naarsze, 

wignSia. 

romelic 

aqtivobebi yuradReba producire- yuradReba sagnis Sibaze 

orientirebul naarsidangamomdi- aqtivobebze, savarji- nare savarjiSoebze; 

Soebi, romlbic unda aqcenti vizualur 

da SeiZleba kon- saSualebebze da matroldebodes.salis 

CarTva kiTxvisa 

da werisaTvis. 

enis arCeva maswavlebeli da moswavle iyenebs 

moswavleebi (SeZlebis- enas, romelic Seedagvarad) 

mTel sabameba mis codnas; 

gakveTilze urTi- maswavlebeli iyenebs 

erToben samizne enaze. enas mkacrad gegmiurad, 

fiqrobs ra 

moswavlesa 

ganze. 

da sa- 

71

gakveTilis dagegmvisas, upiratesoba unda mieniWos iseT sis- 

temas, sadac gamoyenebulia kritikuli azrovnebis principebi. 

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, gakveTilis TiToeul fazaSi garkveuli 

problemis dasma unda moxdes. aucilebelia imis damaxsovreba, rom 

mecadineobis TiToeul fazaSi saWiroa Sesabamisi meTodisa da 

strategiis gamoyeneba. swavlebis strategiisa, Tu meTodis SerCevi- 

sas mniSvnelovania gakveTilis miznis da Sefasebis kriteriumebis 

gaTvaliswineba. 

gakveTilis dagegmvisas, pirvel rigSi saWiroa gakveTilze ga- 

mokveTili miznebis Sefaseba da am miznebis ganxorcielebis Se- 

saZleblobis gansazRvra gakveTilisaTvis gamoyofili drois gan- 

mavlobaSi. 

aseve saWiroa gakveTilis TiToeuli fazisaTvis strategiis 

SemuSaveba. Tumca, unda gvaxsovdes, rom strategia aris mxolod 

saSualeba, romelic gvexmareba dagegmili Sedegebis miRwevaSi. 

gakveTilis Semdeg saWiroa miRweuli Sedegebis analizi da 

maTi Sesabamisobis dadgena winaswar SemuSavebul miznebTan. es 

maswavlebels aZlevs imis saSualebas, rom iswavlos sakuTar 

gamocdilebaze da ukeTesad dagegmos yoveli momdevno gakveTili. 

bilingvuri gakveTili: 

maswavleblis ena enis dagegmva masalebi sayrdeni masala 

moswavleTaTvis 

rogor leqsika da romel enas ra masala ra daxmareba 

frazebia saWiro enas rodis damWirdeba dasWirdeba yve- 

moswavleTa 

gamoviyeneb? da romel las da ra _ 

organizebisaTvis? enis romeli enaze? calkeuls? 

saganTan 

kompetencia 

dakavSirebuli 

leqsika 

ganviTardeba? 

72

2. bilingvuri gakveTilis dagegmvis etapebi 

a. gakveTilis Tema. 

b. motivacia. 

risTvis aris saWiro es gakveTili? 

ramdenad aris dakavSirebuli gakveTilis Tema im codnasTan, 

romlis SeZenac sxva gakveTilebis Sedegad moxda? 

dakavSirebulia Tu ara gakveTilis Tema adre miRebul 

codnasTan da momavalSi misaReb masalasTan? 

ramdenad aris gakveTilis Tema dakavSirebuli moswavleTa 

pirad gamocdilebasTan da maT interesebTan? 

rogor moxerxdeba am gakveTilis saSualebiT swavlis swavla 

da kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba? 

ra saxis informacias miiReben moswavleebi am gakveTilis 

saSualebiT? 

rogor unda moxdes gakveTilis gegmis SemuSaveba imgvarad, 

rom gaiRviZos TiToeuli moswavlis personalurma interesma? 

ra saxis kiTxvebis dasma moxdeba moswavleTaTvis, rogor 

gaarTmeven Tavs axali Temis gagebas, rogor SeZleben 

axali informaciis gaanalizebas, ideebis sinTezirebas da 

a.S. 

rogor SeiZleba gakveTilis Temis gamoyeneba imgvarad, rom 

ganviTardes kiTxvebis dasmis, analizis, diskusiis SesaZ- 

lebloba? 

Temis rogori aspeqtebiT aris SesaZlebeli moswavleTaTvis 

Semdgomi kvleviTi muSaobisaTvis xelSewyoba? 

73

ogor moxdeba aRniSnuli gakveTilis saSualebiT meore enis 

aTviseba da rogor Camouyalibebs moswavles dadebiT damoki- 

debulebas meore enis mimarT? 

ra saxis TanamSromloba iqneba sagnis maswavlebelsa da enis 

maswavlebels Soris? 

gakveTilis romel etapze da ra mizniT moxdeba mSobliuri 

enis da meore enis gamoyeneba? 

romeli sityvebis SeTvisebaa aucilebeli meore enidan, 

moswavlis leqsikonidan romeli sityvebis aqtivizaciaa 

aucilebeli? 

swavlebis ra saxis meTodebi da meTodologiuri xerxebi 

iqneba gamoyenebuli imisaTvis, rom moswavleSi ganaviTaros 

zepirsityvieri da werilobiTi saxiT meore enaze azris da 

grZnobis gadmocema? 

rogor ganxorcieldeba moswavleTa TanamSromloba da maT 

mier axalad aTvisebuli leqsikis gamoyeneba? 

g. gakveTilis miznebi 

yoveli gakveTilisaTvis saWiroa ramdenime miznis win wamoweva: 

mizani, romelic dakavSirebulia aTvisebuli masalis SinaarsTan; 

mizani, romelic aviTarebs moswavlis kritikul azrovnebas da 

misi swavlebis SesaZleblobebs; 

mizani, romelic aviTarebs meore enis SesaZleblobebs da iZleva 

kulturul garemoSi integrirebis saSualebas; 

d. winaswar wayenebuli pirobebi 

aucilebelia imis Sefaseba, Tu ra unda icodes da SeeZlos 

moswavles imisaTvis, rom warmatebiT gaarTvas Tavi axal masalas. 

ra winaswari codna gaaCnia moswavles Temis irgvliv? 

74

imisaTvis rom codna SenarCunebuli da xangrZlivi iyos, 

aucilebelia misi SeTviseba ukve nacnob da gasageb konteqstSi, 

amitom TiToeuli Temis aTvisebamde saWiroa rom moswavle 

flobdes winaswar informacias aRniSnuli Temis Sesaxeb. 

gvaZlevs Tu ara moswavleTa niWierebis done, azrovneba da 

swavlis unari imis saSualebas, rom maT daZlion maswavlebelTa 

mier gakveTilisaTvis SemuSavebuli masala? 

Tu xdeba swavlebis axali meTodis gamoyeneba, 

moswavleebisaTvis aucilebelia informaciis miwodeba. Tu 

gakveTilze gegmavT axali meTodis Setanas, maSin moswavleTa 

interesis gamowveva aRniSnuli meTodis mimarT SesaZlebelia 

kiTxvebis dasmiT. imis aucilebloba, rom Tavidanve ganviTardes 

swavlebis SesaZlebloba, Seexeba moswavleTa jgufur muSaobasac 

da swavlebis SesaZleblobis gaTavisebas 

ra donezea warmodgenili qarTuli enis codna da bilingvurad 

swavlebis mzaoba? 

maswavleblisaTvis aucilebelia Seafasos klasSi moswavleTa 

mier meore enis codnis done. agreTve aucilebelia imis damaxso- 

vreba, rom bilingvur meTodebSi mTavar princips warmoadgens ara 

gadaTargmna, aramed Sedareba. 

e. gakveTilis Sefaseba 

Sefasebis dros mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes gakveTilis gamokve- 

Tili miznebi. fasdeba Semdegi: 

rogor aris aTvisebuli saswavlo masala; 

iswavles Tu ara moswavleebma fiqri da swavla; 

Seivses Tu ara moswavleebma meore enis codna; 

Sefasebis warmarTva SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva meTodebis 

gamoyenebis gziT. Tu Sefasebis procesSi CarTulebi arian 

moswavleebi, maT unda icodnen, Tu romeli davaleba fasdeba 

dadebiTad. amisaTvis aucilebelia naTlad Camoyalibdes da 

75

Seiqmnas im kriteriumebis formulireba, romelTa saSualebiTac 

moxdeba davalebis Sefaseba. Sefasebis kriteriumebis SemuSaveba 

umjobesia moswavleebTan erTad, uSualod Sesafasebeli davalebis 

Sesrulebis win. 

v. droisa da masalebis gadanawileba 

gakveTilis dawyebamde saWiroa imis gansazRvra, gakveTilis 

msvlelobisas saWiro iqneba Tu ara damxmare masalebi da 

xelsawyoebi. ufro rTulia drois gadanawileba. drois 

mizanmimarTuli gadanawileba warmoadgens erTgvar winapirobas 

imisaTvis, rom swavlebis procesi iyos dinamiuri, kargad 

mofiqrebuli, efeqturi, raTa maswavlebelma moaxerxos yvela 

winaswar dagegmili ideis ganxorcieleba. 

76

3. gakveTilis mimdinareobis dagegmva 

gakveTilis safuZvels warmoadgens swavlebisa da swavlis 

samsafexuriani meTodi 

a. gamxnevebis/waxalisebis faza 

waxalisebis fazis dagegmvisas aucilebelia iseTi strategiis 

SemuSaveba, romelic ukeT moaxerxebs: 

Temis irgvliv winaswari codnis gaerTianebas 

moswavleTa waxalisebas, swavlis mowadinebas. 

b. codnis gaTavisebis faza 

codnis gaTavisebis fazis dagegmvisas, unda moxdes imis Sefase- 

ba, Tu rogor moxerxdeba SerCeuli strategiis Sedegad gakveTilze 

miRebuli codnis gaTaviseba da rogor ganviTardeba TanamSromlo- 

bisa da damoukideblad muSaobis unari. 

g. ukukavSiris faza 

mocemuli fazis dagegmvisas, saWiroa imis gansazRvra, Tu ro- 

gor moxdeba SerCeuli strategiis Sedegad codnis SeTviseba, 

agreTve rogor imoqmedebs es strategia miRebuli codnis Semoqme- 

debiTad gamoyenebis procesze. 

kooperatiuli swavlebis mniSvneloba bilingvur ganaTlebaSi 

kvlevebi bilingvur ganaTlebaSi amtkicebs, rom jgufuri 

kooperatiuli swavlebis organizebisas: 

arsebobs Sinaarsis konteqstidan gagebis SesaZlebloba, agreTve 

upiratesoba arsebobs bevri drois TvalsazrisiTac da enis 

77

srulyofilad gamoyenebis saSualebiTac; Sinaarsisa da koncef- 

ciis ukeTesad gasagebad SesaZlebelia mSobliuri enis gamoyene- 

bac; 

meore enaSi garkveuli unarebis ganviTarebisas, SesaZlebelia 

mSobliuri enis codnis sistemiT operireba; 

xdeba moswavleTa stimulireba codnisa da enis aTvisebis 

procesSi aqtiurad CasarTavad; 

warmoCenilia da gamoyenebulia axali saswavlo masalebi; 

swavlebis procesSi yuradReba maxvildeba moswavleTa 

gansxvavebul Tvisebebze da stilze da viTardeba maTi 

mravalmxrivi SesaZleblobebi; 

icvleba maswavleblis roli - informaciis mimwodebeli 

adamianisgan, is gadaiqceva informaciis SeTvisebis 

organizatorad; 

tradiciuli gakveTilis msvlelobisas umeteswilad saubrobs 

maswavlebeli. aseTi gakveTilis tipuri sqema SegviZlia 

warmovadginoT Semdegi saxiT: maswavleblis SekiTxva-moswavlis 

,,swori pasuxi am SekiTxvaze. amavdroulad, TvalsaCinoa droSi 

SezRudva. Tu moswavle myisierad ver pasuxobs SekiTxvaze, is eZebs 

Sesaferis sityvas, aseT SemTxvevaSi ki maswavlebeli mas ar aZlevs 

dros da ekiTxeba sxva moswavles. jgufSi muSaobis dros 

aucilebelia da SesaZlebelia enis mravalmxrivi funqciebis 

gamoyeneba. rodesac moswavleebi saubroben erTmaneTSi, da ara 

mxolod maswavlebelTan, mkveTrad izrdeba enis funqciebis 

gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. arsebobs TanamSromlobis meti 

variantebi, rac, Tavis mxriv, iZleva enis gavarjiSebis met 

saSualebas. mniSvnelovania isic, rom, rodesac moswavleebi 

saintereso problemis gadaWras cdiloben, am dros isini enas 

iyeneben ara imitom, rom saxelmZRvanelos tradiciuli davaleba - 

,,SeadgineT winadadeba'' Seasrulon, aramed srulad iyeneben 

78

codnas meore enaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom maTi saubari yovelTvis 

gramatikulad gamarTuli ar aris, am gziT moswavleebs aqvT azris 

gadmocemis saSualeba. 

aseve SeiZleba Seicvalos tradiciuli karnaxi, rodesac 

maswavlebeli dgas klasis winaSe da mTel klass karnaxobs 

garkveul teqsts. misi gardaqmna kooperatiul swavlebad 

SesaZlebelia moswavleTa dawyvilebis an jgufebad dayofis gziT, 

romlis drosac moswavleebi rig-rigobiT karnaxoben erTmaneTs 

srul teqsts, an gamotovebul sityvebs. am gziT mcirdeba stresi, 

moswavleebi koncentrirebas axdenen davalebaze da aqtiurad 

usmenen erTmaneTs. izrdeba TanamSromlobiTi damokidebuleba da 

individualuri pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba. 

yoveldRiuri urTierTobisas sakmarisia SezRuduli raodenobis 

sityvebis maragi da gramatikuli struqtura; sxvadasxva sakiTxTan 

dakavSirebiT sakuTari azris dafiqsirebisas moswavleebs 

uviTardebaT farTo leqsikis da enis gansxvavebuli modelebis 

gamoyenebis moTxovnileba. 

maswavleblebi xSirad sifrTxiliT ekidebian jgufebSi 

muSaobas. ase, magaliTad: `rogor SeiZleba viyo darwmunebuli, 

rom moswavleebi ar daiwyeben saubars mSobliur enaze? vifiqroT 

imaze, Tu rogor mivaRwioT sasurvel Sedegs martivi gziT: mkacri 

discipliniT Tu mizanmimarTuli davalebebis SedgeniT?~ 

specialurad konstruirebuli davaleba, sadac yvela moswavles 

aqvs raRac nawili informaciisa da davalebis Sesruleba 

SesaZlebelia mxolod am informaciis SegrovebiT, iZleva 

pirdapiri reagirebis, individualuri pasuxismgeblobisa da 

aqtiuri mosmenis saSualebas. 

nuTu saocari ar aris is faqti, rom aTeuli wlebis 

ganmavlobaSi moswavleebi wyvilebad isxdnen merxebTan da, 

miuxedavad amisa, maT ar hqondaT emociis gaziarebisa da 

79

erTmaneTis daxmarebis saSualeba. jgufSi muSaobisas dabali 

enobrivi SesaZleblobis mqone moswavles aqvs saSualeba, 

SeekiTxos sxvas mSobliur enaze, xolo moswavle, romelic 

warmatebulia meore enaSi, moaxdens sakiTxebis perifrazirebas da 

amiT moaxdens saubris ganviTarebas. 

bilingvur ganaTlebaSi izrdeba maswavleblis roli. 

tradiciuli sagnis maswavlebeli zogjer fiqrobs: ,,me var sagnis 

maswavlebeli, CemTvis mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor aiTvisa moswavlem 

sagnobrivi masala. me vafaseb Sinaarss da ara enas. `bilingvuri 

ganaTlebis dros TiToeuli maswavleblis roli farTovdeba da is 

gadaiqceva aseve enis maswavleblad. pirvel rigSi, yvela 

maswavlebeli xdeba enis momxmarebeli, xSirad ki tardeba Semdegi 

principi: ,,viswavloT erTad~. 

80

Tavi IV 

qarTuli enisa da istoriis 

integrirebuli swavlebis 

sanimuSo gakveTilebi da Tematika 

81

Tema 

dro da 

welTaRricxva 

adamianis Sromi- 

Ti saqmianoba da 

yofa Zvel droSi. 

bunebrivi garemo 

da uZvelesi civilizaciebis 

warmoSoba. 

1 

2 

VII klasi 

# Temis mizani enobrivi mizani 

o moswavles esmis 

welTaRricxvis sistema; 

o akavSirebs istoriul 

movlenebsa da 

faqtebs Sesabamis 

istoriul epoqebTan; 

o istoriul movlenebs 

gadmoscems qronologiuriTanmimdevrobiT; 

o drois erTeulebs 

ufardebs erTmaneTs; 

o asaxelebs im saukunesa 

da aTaswleuls, 

romelTac miekuTvneba 

konkretuli 

TariRi. 

o moswavle xsnis, Tu 

ra gavlenas axdens 

bunebrivi pirobebi 

dasaxlebis tipebsa 

da meurneobis ganvi- 

Tarebaze; 

o msjelobs sxvadasxva 

garemoSi mosaxlebis 

gansaxlebis Taviseburebebis 

Sesaxeb; 

o msjelobs bunebrivi 

resursebis racionalur 

gamoyenebaze; 

o akavSirebs sayofacxovrebo 

moxmarebis 

sagnebs resursebis 

tipTan; 

82 

o moswavles SeuZlia 

TemisaTvis mniSvnelovani 

terminebis 

qarTulad dasaxeleba, 

icis am terminTa 

qarTuli ganmartebebi, 

SeuZlia sinonimuri 

sityvebiTa da 

aRweriTi msjelobiT 

terminTa Secvla da 

maTi meSveobiT mosazrebis 

gadmocema. 


sworad gamoiyenos 

is konstruqciebi, 

romlebic sakiTxze 

msjelobisas dasWirdeba. 

saWiroebis Sem- 

TxvevaSi ki SeuZlia 

erTi gramatikuli 

konstruqciis sxva 

konstruqciiT Secvla 

ise, rom aagos 

swori da gramatikulad 

gamarTuli 

msjeloba. 

o moswavlem icis yvela 

im funqciuri 

frazis mniSvneloba, 

rac Temaze muSaobisas 

sWirdeba da 

SeuZlia am frazebis 

Tavad gamoyenebac. 


yvela instruqcia,

a aris religia? 

pirvelyofili 

religiebi; 

warmarToba; 

monoTeisturi 

religiebi; 

religiebi 

saqarTveloSi 

Zveli samyaro: 

uZvelesi saxelmwifos 

warmoSoba; 

Zv. aRmosavleTis 

imperiebi; 

berZnuli polisi 

– sparta da 

aTeni; demokratia 

da tirania; 

berZen-sparselTa 

omebi; 

aleqsandre makedoneli; 

3 

4 

o msjelobs bunebriv 

faqtorebze, romlebmac 

didi roli 

iTamaSes uZvelesi 

civilizaciebis warmoSobaSi. 

o moswavle aanalizebs, 

Tu ra mniSvneloba 

aqvs religias 

sazogadoebis 

cxovrebaSi; 

o romelime qveynis magaliTze 

msjelobs 

religiuri tolerantobis 

Sesaxeb; 

o rukaze uCvenebs 

misTvis cnobili 

religiebis warmo- 

Sobisa da gavrcelebis 

arealebs; 

o mopovebuli informaciis 

safuZvelze 

saubrobs saqarTveloSi 

mcxovrebi 

erovnebebis religiuri 

dResaswaulebis 

Sesaxeb da adarebs 

erTmaneTs; 

o sxvadasxva religiebs 

adarebs erTma- 

neTs. 






Tarebaze; 

o aanalizebs ekonomikasa 

da bunebaSi 

mecnierul-teqnikuri 

progresiT gamowveul 

cvlilebebs; 

o axasiaTebs da adarebs 

erTmaneTs 

83 

rac Temis irgvliv 

arsebuli savarji- 

SoebisTvis sWirdeba 

da Tavadac SeuZlia 

amgvari instruqciebis 

ageba. 

o moswavle Tavisuflad 

asrulebs 

tests an sxva specifikur 

davalebebs 

sakiTxis irgvliv da 

Tavadac SeuZlia 

amgvari davalebis 

Seqmna instruqciebis, 

Sesabamisi funqciuri 

frazebisa da 

konstruqciebis gamoyenebiT.

omi respublikis 

epoqaSi; 

romis armia; 

yofa romSi 

romi imperiis 

epoqaSi; 

romis gaqristianeba; 

dasavleT romis 

imperiis dacema 

dasavleTi da 

aRmosavleTi Sua 

saukuneebSi: 

xalxTa didi gadasaxleba 

bizantiis imperia; 

arabebi; 

frankTa saxelmwifo; 

feodalizmi; 

kaTolikuri eklesia 

da saero 

xelisufleba; 

monRolebi; 

absoluturi monarqia; 

parlamentarizmis 

warmoSoba; 

saqarTvelo Zvel 

epaqasa da Sua 

saukuneebSi; 

5 

6 

gansxvavebul saxelmwifommarTvelobis 

formebs; 

o msjelobs politikuri 

moRvawis mniSvnelobaze 

qveynis istoriaSi; 


erTmaneTs 

gansxvavebul socialurstruqtu- 

rebs. 






Tarebaze; 


da bunebaSi 



cvlilebebs; 


erTmaneTs 


formebs; 





erTmaneTs 

gansxvavebul socialurstruqtu- 

rebs. 






Tarebaze; 


da bunebaSi 

84

axali da uaxlesi 

epoqa; 

saqarTvelo axal 

da uaxless 

epoqaSi 

ra aris 

samarTali? 

danaSauli da 

sajeli; 

sasjelis saxeebi 

xalxur samar- 

TalSi; 

qali da samar- 

Tali; bavSvi da 

samarTali; 

sasamarTlo; 

bavSvis uflebebi. 

7 



cvlilebebs; 


erTmaneTs 


formebs; 





erTmaneTs 

gansxvavebul socialurstruqturebs; 

o aanalizebs kolonializmis 

dadebiT 

da uaryofiT Sedegebs; 

o erTmaneTs adarebs 

saxelmwifo mowyobis 

demokratiul 

da totalitarul 

modelebs. 

o msjelobs gansxvavebul 

kulturebsa da 

epoqebSi damkvidrebul 

wesebze, normebsa 

da kanonebze. 

85

gakveTili 1 

Tema – istoriuli dro 

gakveTilis mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian istoriuli drois 

erTeulebsa da SeZleben maT erTmaneTTan 

dakavSirebas. 

Sesaswavli leqsika - dro, weli, aTwleuli, saukune, 

aTaswleuli, istoriuli dro, geologiuri dro, 

aTvlis sistema, cxrili, flifCarti, religia, islami, 

teqnika, kalendari. 

enobrivi mizani - moswavle Seiswavlis istoriuli periodebis 

aRmniSvnel ZiriTad terminebs - mag. Zveli 

welTaRricxva, axali welTaRricxva; aseve gaecnoba 

istoriis periodebad dayofis aRmniSvnel terminebs - 

Zveli dro, Sua saukuneebi, axali dro. 

funqciuri frazebi - gadaixazeT, iyofa, iwyeba, mTavrdeba, 

dro - 45 wuTi. 

gamoiangariSeT, gansazRvreT, SeavseT, CawereT, 

daviwyoT Temis zogadi ganxilviT, axla gagacnobT 

gakveTilis Temasa da mizans, ras SeviswavliT am 

gakveTilze, gadaSaleT saxelmZRvaneloebi, waikiTxeT 

(gaecaniT), SekiTxvebi xom ar gaqvT? wera 

dasrulebulia - CamabareT nawerebi. 

resursebi - maswavlebeli - didi formatis qaRaldi (flifCarti), 

dafa, carci; moswavleebi - saxelmZRvanelo me-7 

klasi (moswavlis wigni), rveuli, kalmistari, saxatavi 

furclebi. 

86

aqtivoba 1 

aqtivobebi: 

maswavlebeli amowmebs saSinao davalebas: 

aTvalierebs SerCeviT moswavleTa rveulebs da aseve zepirad 

gamoikiTxavs davalebas. 

saSinao davaleba 

cnoba 1. geologiuri da istoriuli droebi 

გეოლოგიური დრო ისტორიული დრო 

დედამიწისა და ცოცხალი ბუნების 

წარმოშობა-განვითარება 

87 

ადამიანის მოღვაწეობა 

rveulSi gadaixazeT geologiuri da istoriuli drois 

cxrili (cnoba 1). qveda, cariel grafebSi CawereT TiTo- TiTo 

iseTi movlena, romelsac geologiuri da istoriuli droiT 

angariSoben. 

(ix - me- 7 klasi saxelmZRvanelo, paragrafi 1 - ”dro da istoria”). 

aqtivobas maswavlebeli zepiri komentarebiT afasebs. 

Sefasebisas iyenebs Semdeg gamoTqmebs: kargia, saintereso 

mosazebaa, cxrili kargad Segivsia, Sens saubars aklia 

argumetacia, cxrili bolomde ar gaqvs Sevsebuli da a.S. 

aqtivobas eTmoba - 5 wT.

aqtivoba 2 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs Sesaswavli gakveTilis 

Temasa da mizans da wers dafaze. is saubrobs istoriuli drois 

mniSvnelobaze. 

aqtivobas eTmoba - 5 wT. 

aqtivoba 3 

maswavlebeli avalebs moswavleebs gaecnon Sesaswavli 

gakveTilis 1-el qveTavs (ix. -me- 7 klasi saxelmZRvanelo, 

paragrafi 2 - ”istoriuli dro”) da svams SekiTxvebs, romlebsac 

moswavleebi adgilidan pasuxoben. 

SekiTxvebi: 

o Tqveni azriT, ratom sWirdebaT istorikosebs erTiani 

aTvlis sistema? 

o im SemTxvevSi, Tu istorikosebi gamoiyenebdnen 

sxvadasxva aTvlis sistemebs, ra moxdeboda? 

am aqtivobas maswavlebeli zepiri komentarebiT afasebs. 

Sefasebis kriteriumebi: 

o azris sainteresod Camoyalibeba; 

o sakuTari mosazrebis argumentireba. 

aqtivobas eTmoba - 10 wT. 

88

aqtivoba 4 

maswavlebeli mokled saubrobs istoriuli drois 

erTeulebze da winaswar momzadebuli flifCartis demonstrirebas 

axdens an (Tu flifCarti ar aqvs), wers dafaze: 

1 weli; 

100 weli - 10 aTwleuli - 1 saukune; 

1000 weli - 100 aTwleuli - 1 aTaswleuli. 

maswavlebeli saubrisas ganumartavs moswavleebs, rom 

1-eli saukune grZeldeba 1-eli wlidan 100 wlis CaTvliT, 

me-2 saukune 101 wlidan 200 wlis CaTvliT da a.S. 

aseve uxsnis aTaswleulebs: 

1-eli aTaswleuli _ 1-eli wlidan 1000 CaTvliT, 

me-2 aTaswleuli _ 1001 wlidan 2000 wlis CaTvliT da a.S. da wers 

dafaze an winaswar aqvs momzadebuli flifCartze. 

drois erTeulebis axsnis Semdeg moswavleebma SesaZlebelia 

dasvan SekiTxvebi - maswavlebeli pasuxobs. 

aqtivobas eTmoba 10 wT. 

aqtivoba 5 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs klasSi Sesasrulebel 

davalebas (savarjiSo #1 da savarjiSo #2 - ix. danarTi # 1)). am 

davalebis teqsti mas winaswar aqvs dawerili flifCartze (akravs 

dafaze), an dabeWdili aqvs Tabaxis furclebze (personalurad 

urigebs moswavleebs). 

maswavlebeli davalebas amowmebs gakveTilebis Semdeg: 

89

maswavlebeli # 1 savarjiSos Sesrulebas afasebs qulebiT. 

TiToeuli testuri SekiTxva fasdeba 1 quliT, maqsimalri qulebis 

raodenoba 24. 


TiToeul grafaSi Cawerili swori pasuxi fasdeba 1 quliT. qulebis 

maqsimaluri raodenoba 20. 

aqtivobas eTmoba 15 wuTi. 

gakveTilis dasasruli. 

90

savarjiSo # 1 

CawereT wlebi xazis zeviT. 

91 

danarTi #1 

mag. 3 saukune = 300 wels mag. 4 aTaswleuli = 40 saukune 

a) 5 saukune = - wels a) 3 aTaswleuli = - saukunes 

b) 12 saukune = - wels b) 14 aTaswleuli = - saukunes 

g) 27 saukune = - wels g) 21 aTaswleuli = - saukunes 

d) 35 saukune = - wels d) 38 aTaswleuli = - saukunes 

mag. 400 weli = 4 saukunes; mag. 20 saukune = 2 aTaswleuls 

a) 800 weli = - saukunes a) 70 saukune = - aTaswleuls 

b) 1700 weli = - saukunes b) 130 saukune = - aTaswleuli 

g) 23 400 weli = - saukunes g) 250 saukune = - aTaswleuli 

d) 43 800 weli = - saukunes d) 460 saukune = - aTaswleuli 

mag. 7 aTwleuli = 70 weli; mag. 8 saukune = 80 aTwleuls 

a) 135 aTwleuli = - a) 4 saukune = - aTwleuls 

b) 187 aTwleuli = - b) 12 saukune = - aTwleuls 

g) 230 aTwleuli = - g) 210 saukune = - aTwleuls 

d) 343 aTwleuli = - d) 305 saukune = - aTwleuls 


TiToeuli testuri SekiTxva fasdeba 1 quliT, maqsimalri qulebis 

raodenoba 24.

savarjiSo # 2 

SeavseT cxrili 

TariRebi aTaswleuli saukune aTwleuli wlebi 

1553 erTi xuTi xuTi sami 

478 

1839 

2324 

3258 

4721 


TiToeul grafaSi Cawerili swori pasuxi fasdeba 1 quliT. qulebis 

maqsimaluri raodenoba 20. 

92

gakveTili 2 

Tema – saxalifo _ arabTa imperia 

gakveTilis mizani - rukaze muSaoba. moswavleebi gaecnobian 

arabTa saxalifos da gaigeben, Tu ra teritorias 

moicavda es imperia. gaigeben, Tu ra politikas awar- 

moebdnen arabebi dapyrobili xalxebis, kerZod, qris- 

tianebis da iudevlebis mimarT. 

Sesaswavli leqsika - saxalifo, imperia, dapyroba, politika, 

qristianebi, iudevelebi, muslimebi, wyaro, samxreTi, 

CrdiloeTi, dasavleTi, aRmosavleTi, axlo aRmosav- 

leTi, fizikuri ruka, politikuri ruka, vaWroba, gza, 

zRva, yure, okeane, naxevarkunZuli, qaravani, saqaravno 

gza, transporti. poliTeisturi da monoTeisturi re- 

ligia, islami, amira, uflebebi da movaleobebi, mesa- 

qonle, miwaTmoqmedi, momTabare, binadari. 

enobrivi mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian islamis, sxva religie- 

bis daxasiaTebisas da rukaze muSaobisas gamosayene- 

bel cnebebs. 

funqciuri frazebi - gadaixazeT, daakvirdiT, SeavseT, CawereT, Ca- 

mowereT, daasaxeleT, SeadareT erTmaneTs, gadaSaleT 

rveulebi, vin daexmareba amxanags? rogor migaCniaT, 

romel ........., aCveneT rukaze ........., CamoTvaleT, daviwyoT 

Temis zogadi ganxilviT, axla gagacnobT gakveTilis 

Temasa da mizans, ras SeviswavliT am gakveTilze, ga- 

daSaleT saxelmZRvaneloebi, ras niSnavs ...........? romel 

saukuneSi ............? vin iyo ...............? waikiTxeT (gaecaniT), 

93


SekiTxvebi xom ar gaqvT? wera dasrulebulia - Camaba- 

reT nawerebi. 

resursebi - dafa, carci; msoflios fizikuri da Tanamedrove po- 

aqtivoba 1 

litikuri ruka, an axlo aRmosavleTis Tanamedrove 

politikuri da fizikuri ruka, saxelmZRvanelo (mos- 

wavlis wigni), rveuli, kalmistari. 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli gamoikiTxavs 1-el saSinao davalebas: is da- 

fasTan rigrigobiT iZaxebs moswavleebs da sTxovs wina gakveTilSi 

mocemul rukaze (paragrafi 51, ”arabebi me-6 saukuneSi” - wyaro a) 

naCvenebi savaWro gzebis fizikur rukaze Cvenebas da svams Se- 

kiTxvebs: 

o romel zRvaze, yureze, okeaneze da naxevarkunZulze 

gadiodnen rukaze mocemuli saqaravno gzebi? 

o rogor migaCniaT, romeli transportis gamoyeneba iqne- 

boda aq yvelaze moxerxebuli da ratom? 

aseve, sTxovs moswavleebs, Tanamedrove politikur rukaze aC- 

venon da daasaxelon is Tanamedrove qveynebi, romlebzec gadioda 

rukaze naCvenebi saqaravno gzebi. 

Tu gamoZaxebuli moswavlebi ver pasuxoben dasmul amocanasa 

da SekiTxvebs an maTi pasuxi moiTxovs damatebas, maswavlebeli 

klass sTxovs daxmarebas. SesaZlebelia, transportTan dakavSire- 

94

iT, moswavleebs Soris gaimarTos diskusia, rac maswavlebelma 

unda waaxalisos. 

maswavlebeli aqtivobas afasebs ganmsazRvreli SefasebiT da 

mopasuxe moswavleebs uwers qulebs. 


aqtivoba 2 

maswavlebeli gamoikiTxavs me-2 saSinao davalebas: 

maswavlebeli usvams moswavleebs im SekiTxvebs, romlebic wina 

gakveTilze Caawerina. moswavleebs SekiTxvebze werilobiT unda 

epasuxaT saSinao davalebis rveulebSi. es SekiTxvebi exeba 64-e pa- 

ragrafs - ”islami~: 

SekiTxvebi: 

o ras niSnavs sityva islami? 

o romel saukuneSi Seiqmna islami? 

o vin iyo muhamadi? 

o rogori religiaa islami, poliTeisturi Tu monoTeis- 

turi, daasabuTeT? 

o rogoria alahi muslimTa rwmeniT, msjelobisas daeyr- 

deniT paragrafis teqsts? 

o paragrafSi (me-20 paragrafs - ”islami”) mocemuli 

teqstis mixedviT gansazRvreT, ra aqvT saerTo da gan- 

masxvavebeli islamsa da qristianobas? am SekiTxvaze 

pasuxisTvis moswavleebs unda SeevsoT qvemoT moce- 

muli cxrili. 

95

cxrili # 1 

ისლამი 

განსხვავებები 

საერთო 

96 

ქრისტიანობა 

განსხვავებები 

kiTxvebze pasuxma moswavleebs Soris SeiZleba gamoiwvios 

diskusia, rac maswavlebelma unda waaxalisos. 

maswavlebeli aqtivobas afasebs komentarebiT da qulebiT: 

Sefasebis kriteriumebi: 

a) faqtologiuri masalis codna; 

b) azris sainteresod Camoyalibeba; 

g) argumentirebuli msjeloba. 


aqtivoba 3 

maswavlebeli xsnis axal gakveTils. 

is acnobs moswavleebs Sesaswavli Temis saTaursa da mizans. 

moswavleebs sTavazobs gaecnon 97-e paragrafSi ”saxalifo - 

arabTa imperia” mocemul cnoba 1-s. 

maswavlebeli dafaze wers testebs, romlebic moswavleebma 

unda gadaiweron sakuTar rveulebSi da gamotovebuli adgilebi 

Seavson (Caweron TiTo sityva): 

o arabTa saxelmwifos saxalifo ewoda imitom, rom mas 

marTvdnen ......................... 

o sityva xalifa qarTulad niSnavs ............................... 

o amirebi xelmZRvanelobdnen .............................

davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg, moswavleebi adgilidan 

kiTxoleben sakuTar pasuxebs. 

moswavleTa pasuxebis Sefasebisas maswavlebeli iyenebs 

Semdeg gamoTqmebs: kargia; teqsti dakvirvebiT wagikiTxavs; aba kidev 

erTxel Caxede cnoba 1-s, xom ar gamogrCa rame, vin Seusworebs am 

moswavlis pasuxs da a.S. 


aqtivoba 4 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs qseroqsze amobeWdil 

Tanamedrove politikur rukas (danarTi 1). romelic maT unda 

Seadaron 97-e paragrafSi ”saxalifo - arabTa imperia” mocemul 

rukas - wyaro a. am Sedarebis safuZvelze moswavleebma rveulebSi 

unda Camoweron im Tanamedrove saxelmwifoebis sia, romelTa 

teritorias moicavda saxalifo me-7-me-8 saukuneebSi. samuSaos 

damTavrebis Semdeg, maswavleblis mier gamoZaxebuli moswavle 

kiTxulobs Sedgenil sias da wers dafaze. Tu moswavle srulad 

ver Seasrulebs davalebas, siis Sevsebas sxva moswavleebi 

agrZeleben. 

maswavlebeli umaRles qulas uwers im moswavleebs, 

romlebmac yvelaze meti saxelmwifo daasaxeles sworad. 

davalebis Sesasruleblad gamoyofilia 5 wuTi. 


97

aqtivoba 5 

dafaze: 

maswavlebeli klass aZlevs saSinoa davalebas da wers 

waikiTxeT paragrafi 97 - e saxalifo - arabTa imperia 

mocemuli b, g da d wyaroebi da CamowereT punqtebad, Tu ra 

uflebebi da movaleobebi hqondaT dapyrobil xalxebs arabTa 

saxalifoSi. 



98

VIII klasi 

Tema # Temis mizani enobrivi mizani 

regionalizmi: 

kavkasia, 

balkaneTi 

konfliqtebi da 

maTi mogvareba 

1 

2 

o moswavle akavSirebs 

istoriul movlenebsa 

da faqtebs Sesabamis 

istoriul epoqebTan. 

o moswavle axasiaTebs 

kavkasiis regions. 

o moswavle msjelobs 

saxelmwifoSi mmarTvelobis 

formisa da 

politkurireJimis 

urTierTkavSiris Sesaxeb. 

o moswavle ikvlevs sazogadoebisganviTarebis 

kulturul safuZvlebs. 




istoriul epoqebTan 

o moswavle Seiswavlis 

konfliqtebis mizezebs, 

ganviTarebasa da 

Sedegebs. 

o moswavle adarebs 

sxvadasxva periodis 

omebis dros gamoyenebul 

iaraRs (mag.: mobilurobis,efeqtianobis, 

warmoebisa da 

Senaxvis xarjebis 

mixedviT); 

o moswavle irCevs erTerT 

brZolas (an saomar 

kampanias) da werilobiT 

msjelobs 

100 


TemisaTvis mniSvnelovani 

terminebis 



qarTuli ganmartebebi, 


sityvebiTa da 


terminTa Secvla da 

maTi meSveobiT mosazrebis 

gadmocema. 





msjelobisas dasWirdeba. 


TxvevaSi ki SeuZlia 

erTi gramatikuli 

konstruqciis sxva 




gamarTuli 

msjeloba. 

o moswavlem icis yvela 

im funqciuri 


rac Temaze muSaobisas 

sWirdeba da 




yvela instruqcia, 

rac Temis irgvliv

migraciebi 

komunikaciebis 

ganviTareba 

3 

4 

masSi mxedarTmTavris 

rolze; 

o moswavle aanalizebs 

adamianis uflebebis 

safuZvlebs da maTi 

ganviTarebis istoriul 

pirobebs. 


sazogadoebaSi mSvidobianiTanaarsebobisTvis 

saWiro piro- 

bebs. 






urbanizaciis process. 


mniSvnelovan mogzaurobebsa 

da maT Sedegebs. 


mniSvnelovani politikuri 

da ekonomikuri 

procesebiT gamowveul 

socialur 

cvlilebebze 


da bunebaSi mecnierul-teqnikuri 


cvlilebebs; 






komunikaciebis ganvi- 

Tarebaze uZvelesi 

droidan dRemde. 

o irCevs erT-erT umniSvnelovanes 

sava- 

Wro-saxmeleTo gzas 

da werilobiT aRwers 

101 



da Tavadac SeuZlia 


ageba. 


asrulebs 

tests an sxva specifikur 

davalebebs 

sakiTxis irgvliv da 

Tavadac SeuZlia 




frazebisa da 

konstruqciebis gamoyenebiT.

kultura da 

ganaTleba 

5 

mogzaurTa sakomunikacio 

sirTuleebsa 

da am gzis socialurekonomikurmniSvnelobas; 

o moswavle adgens 

sxvadasxva tipis damwerlobis 

sias; saubrobs 

maT warmoSobasa 

da weris meTodSi 

momxdar cvlilebebze; 

o moswavle Seiswavlis 

xelovnebisa da ganaTlebisganviTarebis 

safuZvlebs 

o ilustraciebis gamoyenebiT 

cxrilSi 

ajgufebs da ganasxvavebs 

sxvadasxva stiliT 

nageb arqiteqturis 

Zeglebs; 

o msjelobs ganaTlebis 

miRebis uTanabrobaze 

sxvadasxva epoqebsa 

da qveynebSi; miuTi- 

Tebs am uTanabrobis 

mizezebs; 

o moswavle ikvlevs sazogadoebisganviTarebis 

kulturul safuZvlebs. 

o adarebs sxvadasxva 

religiebis normebisa 

da kanonebis gavlenas 

sazogadoebis ganvi- 

Tarebaze. 

102

gakveTili 1 

Tema – saxalifo _ arabTa imperia 

gakveTilis Tema - savaWro - saxmeleTo gzebi Zvel drosa da Sua 

saukuneebSi. 

gakveTilis mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian warsulis 

umniSvnelovaness savaWro - satranzito gzas. aseve, 

Seiswavlian kavkasiis da saqarTvelos rols 

saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi. gaecnobian da Seadareben 

sxvadasxva epoqis rukebs. 

Sesaswavli leqsika - didi abreSumis gza, savaWro - saxmeleTo 

gza, tranziti, evropa, azia, xmelTaSuazRvispireTi, 

Sua azia, SuamdinareTi, samxreT kavkasia, mcire azia, 

aRmosavleT evropa, atlasi, Sua saukuneebi, zepiri 

komentari, werilobiTi komentari, komunikacia, 

satransporto komunikacia, mogzauri, fragmenti, 

dedaqalaqi, CineTis didi kedeli, Savi zRva, mcxeTa, 

abreSumi, faifuri, laqi, qsovili, xaliCa, mina, Rvino, 

yurZeni, safeiqro nawarmi, imperia, rukis legenda, 

samxreTi, CrdiloeTi, dasavleTi, aRmosavleTi, 

fizikuri ruka, politikuri ruka, vaWroba, gza, zRva, 

okeane, qaravani, saqaravno gza, qarvasla, transporti. 

enobrivi mizani - moswavleebi Seiswavlian istoriul-geografiul 

rogorc qarTul, aseve saerTaSoriso terminebs, 

gaecnobian savaWro terminologias da vaWrobis 

sagnebs, romelic istoriuli warsulis Seswavlisas 

103

gamoyeneba. moswavleebi Seiswavlian rukaze muSaobisas 

gamosayenebel cnebebs. 

funqciuri frazebi - daakvirdiT, waikiTxeT, gaecaniT, CamowereT 


....... ganmasxvavebeli niSani, daasaxeleT, gaaferadeT, 

daitaneT rukaze, SeadareT erTmaneTs, gadaSaleT 

rveulebi, vin mipasuxebs, vin daexmareba amxanags? 

aCveneT rukaze ........., CamoTvaleT, daviwyoT Temis 

zogadi ganxilviT, axla gagacnobT gakveTilis Temasa 

da mizans, ras SeviswavliT am gakveTilze, gadaSaleT 

saxelmZRvaneloebi, ras niSnavs ...........? romel 

saukuneSi ............? vin iyo ...............? waikiTxeT (gaecaniT), 

SekiTxvebi xom ar gaqvT? wera dasrulebulia - 

CamabareT nawerebi. 

resursebi - maswavlebeli - dafa, carci; msoflios Tanamedrove 

politikuri ruka. moswavleebi - saxelmZRvanelo me-8 

klasi (moswavlis wigni), rveuli, kalmistari, feradi 

fanqrebi an flomasterebi, konturuli ruka. 

104

aqtivoba 1 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli gakveTilis Temasa da mizans wers dafaze, 

xolo Semdeg mokled mimoixilavs abreSumis gzis mniSvnelobas 

warsul epoqebSi. 

aqtivoba 2 


maswavlebeli avalebs moswavleebs gaecnon paragrafSi 

mocemul (paragrafi 66 ”savaWro - saxmeleTo gzebi Zvel drosa da 

Sua saukuneebSi”) wyaro a-s da wyaro b-s Tavisi komentarebiT da 

sakuTar rveulebSi Camoweron 3 ganmasxvavebeli niSani Zvel 

atlassa da Tanamedrove rukas Soris. 

miniSneba maswavleblisTvis: 

gansxvaveba 1. - Zveli atlasi gadatvirTulia naxatebiT, rac rukis 

aRqmas arTulebs. 

gansxvaveba 2. - Zvel atlass ar aqvs rukis legenda 

gansxvaveba 3. - Zvel atlasi esTeturi TvalsazrisiT ufro 

gamomsaxvelia, vidre axali ruka da a.S 

davalebis Sesrulebis Semdeg, moswavleebi adgilidan 

rigrigobiT pasuxoben . erT-erTi moswavle dafaze wers am pasuxebs. 

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs ar gaimeoron sxvaTa versiebi. 

aseve, sTxovs moswavleebs sakuTar rveulebSi gadaiweron 

pasuxebis nusxa da momavali gakveTilisTvis kidev daamaton 

pasuxebi. 

105

maswavlebeli me - 2 aqtivobas afasebs Semdegi komentarebiT: 

sainteresoa, Tu SeiZleba daasabuTe, Sens pasuxs argumentacia 

aklia, SemdgomSi meti yuradReba miaqcie, ase Tu imuSave, Sors ver 

waxval da a.S. 

aqtivoba 3 


maswavlebeli avalebs moswavleebs wyaro b - s mixedviT 

konturul rukaze (danarTi #1) 

cisfrad gaaferadon tbebi, zRvebi da okeaneebi, daitanon 

wiTeli feriT didi abreSumis gza, xolo Savi fanqriT, punqtiriT 

_ misi ganStoebebi. 

moswavleebma TviTon SeimuSaon CineTis kedlis aRmniSvneli 

pirobiTi niSani da daitanon rukaze. 

aseve, moswavleebma sxvadasxva feriT gaaferadon Tanamedrove 

saxelmwifoebi da miaweron dasaxeleba.(amisTvis gamoiyenon 

saxelmZRvanelos boloSi darTuli danarTi #1 ”msoflios 

politikuri ruka”). 

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli iZaxebs erTi-or 

moswavles da sTxovs, kedelze gakrul msoflios politikur 

rukaze, warmoadginon sakuTari namuSevrebi. 

Tu gamoZaxebuli moswavle uSvebs Secdomebs, maswavlebeli 

mimarTavs klass an TviTon usworebs Secdomas 

maswavebeli me - 3 aqtivobas afasebs ganmszRvreli SefasebiT 

da wers qulebs. 


106

aqtivoba 4 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs saSinao davalebas : 

waikiTxeT paragrafi 66 ”savaWro - saxmeleTo gzebi Zvel 

drosa da Sua saukuneebSi ” da werilobiT gaeciT pasuxi Semdeg 

SekiTxvas (wers dafaze) : 

1. ra SehqondaT Cinel vaWrebs dasavleTis qveynebSi? 

2. ra SehqondaT dasavlel bizantiel da Sua aziel vaWrebs 

CineTSi? 

3. ratom dakninda abreSumis gzis mniSvneloba? 

4. 

wyaro g - Si gamosaxuli rukis mixedviT, CamowereT, romel, 

imdroindel qveynebze gadioda savaWro gzebi? 


gakveTilis dasasruli 

107

108 

danarTi

gakveTili 2 

Tema – rogor warmoiSva sporti? 

gakveTilis mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian sportis warmoSobisa 

da misi ganviTarebis tendenciebs. 

Sesaswavli leqsika - sporti, sportis saxeobebi, fizikuri 

aRzrda, sulieri aRzrda, xeTebi, Sumerebi, egviptelebi, 

kretelebi, etruskebi, berZnebi, Cinelebi, indoelebi, 

miwis samuSaoebi, mwyemsoba, nadiroba, Tevzaoba, 

sakulto ritualebi, SromiT procesi, sabrZolo 

moqmedebebi, keramika, skulptura, ferwera, poezia, 

lelo, ragbi, alpinizmi, doRi, farikaoba keWnaoba, 

banqo. 

enobrivi mizani - moswavleebi Seiswavlian sportis saxeobebis 

rogorc qarTul, aseve saerTaSoriso terminebs, 

gaecnobian xelovnebis dargebis qarTul 

teminologias, aseve Seiswavlian adamianis uZvelesi 

saqmianobebis aRmniSvnel terminebs qarTulad. 

moswavleebi Seiswavlian Zveli xalxebis dasaxelebas 

qarTulad. 

funqciuri frazebi - daakvirdiT, waikiTxeT, gaecaniT, CamowereT 

....... ganmasxvavebeli niSani, daasaxeleT, gadaSaleT 

rveulebi, vin mipasuxebs, romel Tqvengans surs? dRes 

Cven jgufebSi vimuSavebT, daiyaviT samwevrian 

jgufebad! movaleobebi jgufSi dainawileT,airCieT 

109


prezentatori, vin daexmareba amxanags? CamoTvaleT, 



gakveTilze, gadaSaleT saxelmZRvaneloebi, ras niSnavs 

...........? vin iyo ...............? waikiTxeT (gaecaniT), SekiTxvebi 

xom ar gaqvT? wera dasrulebulia - CamabareT nawerebi. 

resursebi - maswavlebeli - dafa, carci; flifCarti, markeri. 

aqtivoba - 1 

moswavleebi - saxelmZRvanelo me-8 klasi (moswavlis 

wigni), rveuli, kalmistari, fanqari, saxazavi. 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli gakveTilis Temasa da mizans wers dafaze, 

xolo Semdeg mokled mimoixilavs sportis ganviTarebis istorias. 

gonebrivi ieriSi 

maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvas: `sportis romels saxeobebs 

icnobT? gTxovT daasaxeloT~. 

moswavleebi pasuxoben. erT-erTi moswavle (maswavlebeli mas 

winaswar iZaxebs dafasTan) dafaze wers moswavleebis pasuxebs. 

dgeba sportis saxeobebis nusxa. 

maswavlebeli am aqtivobas afasebs komentarebiT: kargia, 

kidev vin daamatebs, sainteresoa, es ar aris sporti da a.S. 


110

aqtivoba 2 

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs waikiTxon paragrafi 150-is 

(`rogor warmoiSva sporti?”) 1-eli qvesaTauri da mocemuli 

teqstis mixedviT Seasrulon Semdegi davaleba: 

romel konkretul moZraobebs iyenebda adamiani Zvelad 

SromiTi, sabrZolo da saritualo moqmedebebis dros? pasuxi 

warmoadgineT cxrilis saxiT. maswavlebeli cxrils dafaze an 

flifCartze xazavs, romelSic Camowers mxolod sami saxis 

moqmedebas (ix. cxrili - 1) 

10 wuTs. 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs davalebis Sesasruleblad aZlevs 

moswavleebi erTiandebian jgufeSi (TiTo jgufSi sami 

moswavle). jgufis TiToeuli wevri avsebs ”moqmedebebis” gaswvriv 

mxolod erT grafas (mag. jgufis erTi wevri avsebs mxolod 

”sakulto ritualebis aRsrulebis” Sesabamiss ”fizikur 

moZraobebs” da a.S. ). moswavleebs SeuZliaT, jgufis SigniT, 

erTmaneTis daxmareba. grafebis Sevsebis Semdeg, jgufis wevrebi 

aerTianeben sakuTar namuSevars erT cxrilSi da aucileblad 

miaweren sakuTar saxelebs. moswavleebma grafaSi - fizikuri 

moZraoba - unda Caweron ara marto is moZraobebi, romlebic 

miTiTebulia saxelmZRvaneloSi, aramed damoukidebladac 

moifiqron. 

cxrili 1 

მოქმედებები ფიზიკური მოძრაობა 

საკულტო რიტუალების აღსრულება მაგ. რიტმული მოძრაობები 

შრომით პროცესი 

საბრძოლო მოქმედებები 

111

jgufebSi muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebs 

ekrZalebaT raime miamaton sakuTar namuSevars. 

davalebis Sesrulebis Semdeg, jgufis romelime wevri 

warmoadgens jgufis namuSevars. moswavleTa pasuxebs maswavlebeli 

(an maswavleblis mier SerCeuli moswavle) wers dafaze an 

flifCartze winaswar daxazul cxrilSi. maswavlebeli sTxovs 

moswavleebs, aRar gaimeoron wina gamomsvlelis versia. dgeba 

klasis erTiani namuSevari. 

aqtivoba 2 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli krebs 

jgufur namuSevrebs (maT aucileblad unda eweroT jgufis 

wevrebis vinaoba) da afasebs momdevno gakveTilisTvis. namuSevris 

Sefaseba xdeba qulebiT. TiToeuli swori fasuxi fasdeba 1 quliT. 

aqtivoba 3 


maswavlebeli avalebs moswavleebs 150-e paragrafis ”rogor 

warmoiSva sporti” pirveli qvesaTauris im nawilis wakiTxvas, 

sadac Zvel berZnul sportzea saubari. 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs Semdeg davalebas: 

paragrafi 150 - Si wyaro a-Si warmodgenili xelovnebis nimuSebis 

(8 suraTis) mixedviT daadginon sportis identuri Tanamedrove 

saxeobebi da Seavson cxrili, romelsac is xazavs dafaze 

(umjobesia cxrili winaswar hqondes daxazuli flifCartze). 

moswavleebi cxrils ixazaven rveulebSi da avseben. 

cxrili 2 

სურათები სპორტის თანამედროვე სახეობები 

სურათი - 1 მაგ. სირბილი 

სურათი - 2 

112







davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs 

sTxovs adgilidan warmoadginon sakuTari namuSevrebi. 

maswavlebeli an mis mier arCeuli moswavle dafaze wers 

moswavleTa pasuxebs. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs ar 

gaimeoron pasuxebi. dafaze dgeba erTiani sia. 

aqtivoba 3 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebels SeuZlia im 

moswavles, romelic warmoadgens yvelaze met swor pasuxs 

dauweros umaRlesi Sefaseba, Tumca, SesaZlebelia, Semoifarglos 

mxolod sityvieri SefasebiT: kargia, kargad gimuSavia, SegeZlo 

meti sportis saxeobebi Camogewera. zogierTi Seni pasuxi ar aris 

swori da a.S. 



113

Tema 

preistoriuli 

periodi 

saqarTvelo Zvel 

droSi 

(Zv. w. VI saukunidan 

- ax. w IV 

saukunemde) 

IX klasi 

# Temis mizani enobrivi mizani 

1 

2 


sxvadasxva 

epoqaSi saqarTveloSi 

ekonomikuri 

urTierTobebis ganviTarebas; 

o msjelobs, Tu rogor 

icvleboda saqarTvelosteritoriaze 

soflis 

meurneoba sasoflo_sameurneoteqnikis 

ganviTarebas- 

Tan erTad. 


istoriul 

movlenebsa da faqtebs 

Sesabamis istoriul 

epoqebTan; 


epoqaSi saqarTvelosekonomikis 

regionTan, imperiasa 

da msoflio 

ekonomikasTan 

integraciaze (mag. 

saqarTvelo da kavkasia, 

saqarTvelo 

da sabWoTa kavSiri, 

saqarTvelo da 

msoflio); 


sxvadasxva 


ekonomikuri 

urTierTobebis gan- 

114 


TemisaTvis mniSvnelovaniterminebis 


icis am 

terminTa qarTuli 

ganmartebebi, 


sityvebiTa da aRweriTi 

msjelobiT 

terminTa Secvla 

da maTi meSveobiT 

mosazrebis gadmocema. 





msjelobisas das- 

Wir-deba. saWiroebis 

Sem-TxvevaSi ki 

SeuZlia erTi gramatikulikonstruqciis 

sxva 




gamarTuli 

msjeloba. 

o moswavlem icis 

yvela im funqciuri 


rac Temaze mu- 

Saobisas sWirdeba 

da SeuZlia am 

frazebis Tavad ga

viTarebas; 

o msjelobs saqarTvelos 

ekonomikaSi 

ucxo qveynis 

mmarTvelobiT gamowveul 

dadebiT 

da uaryofiT mxareebze; 


icvleboda saqarTveloSisoflis 

meurneoba sasoflo_sameurneo 

teqnikis ganviTarebasTan 

erTad; 


icvleboda savaWrourTierTobebi 

saqarTveloSi 

transportis ganvi- 

TarebasTan erTad; 

o aanalizebs saqarTveloSimmarTvelobiTi 

struqturebs 

uZvelesi droidan 

dRemde; 

o moswavle ikvlevs 

saqarTveloSi socialururTierTobebs 

uZvelesi 

droidan dRemde; 

o aanalizebs sagareo 

da saSinao faqtorebis 

gavlenas 

qarTuli saxelmwifos 

warmoSobasa 

da ganviTarebaze; 

o ikvlevs saqarTveloSi 

arsebul religiebs; 

o ikvlevs qarTul 

kulturas uZvelesi 



istoriul 

115 

moyenebac. 



rac Temis irgvliv 



da Tavadac 

SeuZlia amgvari instruqciebis 

ageba. 


asrulebs 

tests an sxva specifikurdavalebebs 

sakiTxis 

irgvliv da Tavadac 

SeuZlia amgvari 

davalebis Seqmna 

instruqciebis, Sesabamisi 

funqciuri 

frazebisa da konstruqciebisgamoyenebiT.

saqarTvelo Sua 

saukuneebSi 

(ax. w. IV saukunidan 

- XVIII saukunis 

CaTvliT) 

3 

movlenebsa da faqtebs 

Sesabamis istoriul 

epoqebTan; 


epoqaSi saqarTvelosekonomikis 


da msoflio 

ekonomikasTan 



saqarTvelo 


saqarTvelo da 

msoflio); 


sxvadasxva 


ekonomikuri 



ekonomikaSi 

ucxo qveynis 


dadebiT 






erTad; 



saqarTveloSi 




struqturebs 

116

4 

uZvelesi 

dRemde; 

droidan 


saqarTveloSi socialururTierTobebs 

uZvelesi 




gavlenas 


warmoSobasa 







o erTmaneTs adarebs 

gansxvavebul epoqebSi 

saqarTvelos 

sxvadasxva kuTxeSi 

soflis meurneobis 

tradiciuli dargebis 

ganviTarebas; 

o konturul rukaze 

aRniSnavs saqarTvelos 

industriul 

centrebs da axasiaTebs 

erT-erT 

maTgans. erTmaneTs 

adarebs gegmiur da 

sabazro ekonomikas 

da msjelobs saqarTveloSigegmiuri 

ekonomikidan 

sabazroze gadasvliT 

gamowveul 

cvlilebebze; 


epoqaSi sa- 

117

saqarTvelo axal 

axal droSi 

(XIX – XX s.s.) 

qarTvelos ekonomikis 


da msoflio 

ekonomikasTan 



saqarTvelo 


saqarTvelo da 

msoflio); 


sxvadasxva 


ekonomikuri 



ekonomikaSi 

ucxo qveynis 


dadebiT 






erTad; 



saqarTveloSi 




struqturebs 

uZvelesi droidan 

dRemde; 


saqarTveloSi so- 

118

cialur urTierTobebs 

uZvelesi 




gavlenas 


warmoSobasa 







119

gakveTili 1 

Tema – giorgi brwyinvalis epoqa 

gakveTilis mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian, Tu rogor dasrulda 

monRolTa batonoba saqarTveloSi. ra faqtorebma 

Seuwyves xeli saqarTvelos xelaxal gaerTianebas. 

enobrivi mizani - moswavleebi Seiswavlian istoriul warsulSi 

saqarTvelos nawilebisa da saqarTvelos mosazRvre 

teritoriebis aRmniSvnel terminebs, agreTve gaecnobian 

monRolTa saxelmwifosTvis damaxasiaTebel cnebebs. 

nacnobi cnebebi - ajanyeba, laSqroba, imperia, momTabareebi, 

ilxanTa samefo, ulusi. 

Sesaswavli cnebebi - avtonomia, lixTimereTi, lixTamereTi, 

Sesaswavli leqsika - qarTlis cxovreba, ajanyeba, samefo, samTa- 

vro, laSqroba, imperia, momTabareebi, ilxanTa samefo, 

ulusi, avtonomia, lixTimereTi, dasavleT saqarTvelo, 

lixTamereTi, aRmosavleT saqarTvelo, samcxe, somxeTi, 

trapizonis samefo, mameluqebi, sazRvari, mdinare, de- 

daqalaqi, feodali. 

funqciuri frazebi - daakvirdiT, waikiTxeT, gaecaniT, gaZlevT 

testur davalebas, SeavseT testebi, SemoxazeT swori 

pauxebi, amoikiTxeT saxelmZRvaneloSi is frazebi, 

romlebic Tqven pasuxs adastureben, daukavSireT isre- 

biT, daasaxeleT, waawereT, gadaSaleT rveulebi, vin mi- 

pasuxebs, romel Tqvengans surs? vin daexmareba amxa- 

120


nags? CamoTvaleT, daviwyoT Temis zogadi ganxilviT, 

axla gagacnobT gakveTilis Temasa da mizans, ras Se- 

viswavliT am gakveTilze, gadaSaleT saxelmZRvaneloe- 

bi, ras niSnavs ...........? vin iyo ...............? waikiTxeT (gaeca- 

niT), SekiTxvebi xom ar gaqvT? wera dasrulebulia - Ca- 

mabareT nawerebi. 

resursebi - maswavlebeli - dafa, carci; flifCarti, markeri. 

aqtivoba 1 


wigni), rveuli, kalmistari,Savi fanqari, feradi fanqre- 

bi an flomastrebi. 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli mokled uxsnis moswavleebs gakveTilis Temasa 

da mizans (wers dafaze) da sTxovs moswavleebs waikiTxon 52 para- 

grafis - ”giorgi brwyinvales epoqa” Sesavali (pirveli ori abza- 

ci). 

maswavlebels winaswar wers dafaze an flifCartze testur 

SekiTxvebs. moswavleebi sakuTar rveulebSi iweren am tests. SesaZ- 

lebelia maswavlebelma testebi winaswar dabeWdos da daurigos 

individualurad moswavleebs. 

maswavlebeli aZlevs instruqcias moswavleebs: 

wakiTxuli teqstis mixedviT, SemoxazeT swori pasuxebi. 

121

tonoba? 

ratom iyo mZime saqarTvelos mosaxleobisTvis monRolTa ba- 

swori pasuxebi: 1; 3. 

1. xarkis gadaxdis gamo 

2. monebiT vaWrobis gamo 

3. monRolTa laSqrobebSi monawileobis gamo 

4. qarTuli mosaxleobis sxva tertoriebze gada 

saxlebis gamo 

ramden nawilad daiyo saqarTvelo? 

swori pasuxi : 3. 

1. xuT nawilad 

2. or nawilad 

3. sam nawilad 

4. oTx nawilad 

romeli samefoebis mefeebi iyvnen (daukavSireT isrebiT)? 

daviT narini aRmosavleT saqarTvelo 

ulu daviTi samcxe 

122 

dasavleT saqarTvelo 

swori pasuxebi: daviT narini - dasavleT saqarTvelo 

ulu daviTi - aRmosavleT saqarTvelo. 

davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli amorCeviT iZax- 

ebs moswavleebs da adgilidan sTxovs testur SekiTxvebze pasuxis 

gacemas. aseve, avalebs am pasuxebis sisworis dasadastureblad

saxelmZRvanelos teqstidan (Sesavali, pirveli ori abzaci) waikiT- 

xon Sesabamisi frazebi. 

aqtivoba 2 

aqtivoba 1 fasdeba ganmsazRvreli SefasebiT. 


maswavlebeli avalebs moswavleebs waikiTxon cnoba 1. mas- 

wavlebels winaswar wers dafaze an flifCartze testur SekiTxvas. 

moswavleebi sakuTar rveulebSi iweren am tests. maswavlebeli 

sTxovs moswavleebs teqstis (cnoba 1) mixedviT gamotovebul adgi- 

lebSi Caweron sityvebi: 

lixTimereTi aris ................................................................. 

lixTamereTi aris ................................................................ 

dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Soris sazRvars war- 

moadgens ............................................................................... 

swori pasuxebi: 1. dasavleT saqarTvelo; 2aRmosavleT saqarTvelo; 

3 lixis qedi. 

davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg, moswavleebi adgilidan kiT- 

xuloben pasuxebs da sakuTar pasuxebs amyareben teqstidan motani- 

li citatebiT. 

aqtivoba 2 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli akeTebs komentarebs: 

kargia. davaleba srulyofilad ar Segisrulebia. citatebi ar See- 

sabameba pasuxs da a.S. 


123

aqtivoba 3 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs indivdualurad urigebs kontu- 

rul rukas (danarTi #1) da sTxovs moswavlebs wyaro g-s (ruka - 

saqarTvelo XIII – XIV saukuneebis mijnaze) mixedviT, konturul 

rukaze: 

a) waaweron saxelwodebebi samefoebis/samTavros dedaqalaqebs; 

b) waaweron saxelwodebebi qalaqebs; 

g) waaweron saxelwodebebi im mdinareebs, romelTa saxelwodebeb- 

ic mocemulia rukaze; 

d) waaweron saxelwodebebi zRvebs; 

e) rukaze daitanon ajanyebis adgilebi da waaweron maTi TariRebi; 

davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswav- 

leebs waaweron sakuTar namuSevrebs saxeli da gvari da krebs maT. 

is gakveTilis Semdeg asworebs am namuSevrebs. 

aqtivoba 3 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli afasebs namu- 

Sevris sizustesa da akuratulobas da wers qulebs. 

aqtivoba 4 

dafaze: 


maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs saSinao davalebas da wers 

waikiTxeT 52 paragrafis ”giorgi brwyinvales epoqa” bolo 

qveTavi ”giorgi brwyinvale” da dawere patara ese - ”ratom Searqves 

Tanamedroveebma giorgi V-s ”brwyinvale”? 

aqtivobas eTmoba - 2 wuTi. 


124

125 

danarTi

gakveTili 2 

Tema – daviT IV aRmaSeneblis epoqa 

gakveTilis mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian daviT aRmaSeneblis 

moRvaweobas. saqarTvelos gaTavisuflebas selCukTa 

batonobisgan da mis gadaqcevas maxlobeli 

aRmosavleTis erT-erT uZlieress saxelmwifod. 

enobrivi mizani - moswavleebi Seiswavlian me-12 saukunis 

saqarTvelos istoriul - geografiul terminologias, 

aseve gaecnobian sxvadasxva iaraRis qarTul 

dasaxelebas. 

Sesaswavli leqsika - qarTlis cxovreba, selCukebi, sasulTno, 

jvarosnebi, momTabareebi, samefo elita, mesiis 

maxvili, yivCaRebi, aRmaSenebeli, veluri, akademia, kaxeT- 

hereTi, samefo, samTavro, xarkis gadaxda, laSqroba, 

imperia, momTabareebi, kaspiis zRva, Savi zRva, lixis 

qedi, sazRvaris gafarToeba, dedaqalaqi, feodali, 

iaraRi, xmali javSani, muzaradi, rkinis niRabi, gelaTis 

da iyalTos akademiebi,monasteri. 

funqciuri frazebi - daakvirdiT, waikiTxeT, gaecaniT, gaZlevT 

testur davalebas, SeavseT testebi, SemoxazeT swori 

pauxebi, aageT drois xazi, romelzec daitanT, 

daasaxeleT, gadaSaleT rveulebi, vin mipasuxebs, romel 

Tqvengans surs? vin daexmareba amxanags? CamoTvaleT, 



gakveTilze, gadaSaleT saxelmZRvaneloebi, SeavseT 

gamotovebuli adgilebi, ras niSnavs ...........? vin iyo 

126

...............? vin metyvis? vin mipasuxebs? waikiTxeT (gaecaniT), 

SekiTxvebi xom ar gaqvT? wera dasrulebulia - CamabareT 

nawerebi. 

dro - 45 wuTi 

resursebi - maswavlebeli - dafa, carci. saqarTvelos fizikuri 

aqtivoba 1 

ruka. moswavleebi - saxelmZRvanelo me-9 klasi (mos- 

wavlis wigni), rveuli, kalmistari. saweri furclebi. 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs gakveTilis Temasa da mi- 

zans, wers dafaze da sTxovs maT: 

waikiTxeT 38 paragrafis Sesavali, daakvirdiT saqarTvelos fizi- 

kur rukas, gaixseneT geografiidan saqarTvelos reliefuri age- 

buleba da gaeciT Semdeg SekiTxvas pasuxi: 

- ratom uWirdaT selCuk momTabare dampyroblebs aRmosavleT 

saqarTvelodan dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadasvla, daasabuTeT? 

(am pasuxisTvis moswavleebma unda gaixsenon, Tu rogor geogra- 

fiul garemoSi cxovrobdnen momTabareebi. SesaZlebelia maswavle- 

belma ganumartos qarTuli sityva ”veluris” mniSvneloba. sityva 

”veluri” momdinareobs qarTuli sityva velidan e.i. velis macxo- 

vrebeli). 

swori pasuxi maswavleblisTvis: aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan 

dasavleT saqarTveloSi gadasvla selCukebisTvis rTuli iyo imis 

gamo, rom am or regions hyofs lixis qedi. lixis qedi, qarTvele- 

127

is mier, yovelTvis kargad iyo gamagrebuli cixeebiTa da sxva 

TavdacviTi nagebobebiT. amave dros, selCukebis samSoblo cen- 

traluri aziis stepebebs moicavda, sadac uzarmazari gaSlili 

velebi da mindvrebia. mTebi am adgilebSi naklebad gvxdeba. amis 

gamo, maT ZiriTad damrtymel Zalas cxenosnebi warmoadgendnen. 

amitom momTabare selCukebi ar iyvnen miCveulebi mTebSi da vi- 

wro xeobebSi brZolas. 

maswavlebeli garkveul dros aZlevs moswavleebs mosafi- 

qreblad. maswavlebeli sTxovs mopasuxes gamovides dafasTan da 

pasuxis gacemisas aCvenos rukaze lixis qedi. 

Tu moswavle srulad ver gascems SekiTxvas, SesaZlebelia, 

maswavlebelma sxva moswavleebi daixmaros. 

aqtivoba 1 fasdeba ganmsazRvreli SefasebiT - maswavlebeli mos- 

wavles afasebs qulebiT. 

aqtivoba 2 


maswavlebeleli sTxovs moswavleebs waikiTxon paragrafi 38- 

is ”daviT IVaRmaSeneblis epoqa” avtoriseuli teqstis is monakve- 

Ti, sadac saubaria XI s-is 90-iani wlebis Sesaxeb. 

maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvas: 

ratom gaxda SesaZlebeli selCukebisTvis xarkis Sewyveta XI 

s-is 90-iani wlebSi? daasaxeleT ori sagareo faqtori. 


swori pasuxi maswavleblisTvis: selCukTa sasulTno areu- 

lobam moicva da daiSala; 

selCukebs dasavleTidan jvarosnebma Seuties. 

128


kargia, pasuxi daasabuTe saelmZRvanelos teqstis mixedviT, pasuxi 

ar aris srulyofili da a.S. 

aqtivoba 3 


maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs daakvirdnen wyari d-s, sa- 

dac gamosaxulia sxvadsxva xalxebis iaraRi. moswavleebma unda 

Seadaron erTmaneTs yivCaRuri (2) da jvarosnuli maxvilebi (4) da 

gascen pasuxi Semdeg SekiTxvas: 

Tqveni azriT, romeli maxvili ufro mosaxerxebelia brZo- 

lisTvis? pasuxi daasabuTe. 


moswavleebma am SekiTxva SeiZleba sxvadasxvanairad upasuxon. 

mTavaria maTi pasuxi iyos argumentirebuli. 


kargia, pasuxs aklia argumentacia, saintereso mosazrebaa, me ver 

gaviziareb Sens mosazrebas, Tumca is mainc sainteresoa da a. S. 


129

aqtivoba 4 

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs waikiTxon paragrafi 38-is 

”daviT IVaRmaSeneblis epoqa” avtoriseuli teqstis is monakveTi, 

sadac saubaria daviTis mier akademiebis daarsebaze. 

maswavlebeli wers dafaze Semdeg SekiTxvebs: 

a) daviT aRmaSenebelma daaarsa ........................... da .............................. akademiebi; 

b) gelaTis akademiaSi aswavlidnen Semdeg sagnebs: .................................., 

........................................, ........................................, ........................................, ........................................ 

da a.S. 

g) saqarTvelos romel kuTxeSi mdebaroebdnen iyalTos da gela- 

Tis akademiebi? 

gelaTis akademia mdebareobda ........................................... 

iyalTos akademia mdebareobda .............................................. 

maswavlebeli aZlevs miTiTebas moswavleebs: 

SeavseT gamotovebuli adgilebi! 

maswavleblis davalebiT, moswavleebi furclebze iweren SekiTx- 

vebs da iwyeben muSaobas. 

davalebis damTavrebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli krebs nawerebs 

da asworebs gakveTilis Semdeg. moswavleTa namuSevrebze aucileb- 

lad unda iyos dawerili maTi gvari da saxeli. 

aqtovoba 4 fasdeba ganmsazRvreli SefasebiT. 


aqtivoba - 5 

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavlebs paragrafi 38 - Si ”daviT 

IVaRmaSeneblis epoqa” gaecnon wyari e - s, romelzec datanilia 

daviTis epoqis saqarTvelos ruka. 

130

srulebas: 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs Semdegi davalebis Se- 

wyaro e - s mixedviT, aageT drois xazi, romelzec daitanT 

daviTis mier qalaqebis aRebis da SemoerTebis TariRebs. 

moswavleebi samuSaos furclebze asruleben. moswavleTa na- 

muSevrebze aucileblad unda iyos dawerili maTi gvari da saxeli. 

maswavlebeli krebs nawerebs da asworebs gakveTilis Semdeg. 

aqtovoba 4 fasdeba ganmsazRvreli SefasebiT. 



131

X klasi 


ra aris istoria? 

ratom vswavlobT 

istorias? 

berZeni da romaeli 

istorikosebi 

Sua saukuneebis istoriografia 

axali drois 

istorikosebi 

1 


da afasebs 

erTi da imave istoriulimovlenis 

gansxvavebul 

interpretaciebs. 

o adarebs or wyaros, 

romlebic 

konkretul istoriul 

movlenaze 

(pirovnebaze) 

gvawvdis gansxvavebulinformacias 

(an gvaZlevs 


an pirovnebis 

gansxvavebul Sefasebas);msjelobs 

im faqtorebze, 

romlebmac 

ganapiroba konkretuli 

movlenis 

gansxvavebuli interpretaciebis 

arseboba (mag.: istoriuli 

wyaros 

Seqmnis epoqa da 

garemo, avtoris 

erovneba, misi politikuri 

Tu religiuriorientacia, 

socialuri 

statusi da sxv.); 

o adarebs konkretul 

istoriul 

132 


TemisaTvis 

mniSvnelovani 

terminebis qar- 

Tulad dasaxeleba, 


qarTuli 

ganmartebebi, 


sityvebiTa da 



da maTi meSveobiT 

mosazrebis 

gadmocema. 



is konstruqciebi,romlebic 

sakiTxze 

msjelobisas das- 

Wir-deba. saWiroebis 

Sem-TxvevaSi ki 

SeuZlia erTi 

gramatikuli konstruqciis 

sxva 

konstruqciiT 

Secvla ise, rom 

aagos swori da 

gramatikulad gamarTulimsjeloba. 


yvela im funqciuri 


rac Te-

movlenaze (pirovnebaze) 

arsebul 

ori (an sami) istorikosis 

gansxvavebul 

Tvalsazriss, afasebs 

mas da ayalibebs 

sakuTar Sexedulebas 

am istoriulimovlenis 

(pirovnebis) 

Sesaxeb; 

o aanalizebs pirvelad 

da meorad 

wyaroebs; 

o gamoTqvams saku- 

Tar mosazrebas 

istoriuli wyaros 

avtoris Sesaxeb 

da kritikulad 

afasebs, Tu 

ramdenad sandoa 

igi (mag.: ikvlevs 

iyo Tu ara avtori 

movlenis 

TviTmxilveli, Tu 

sargeblobda 

sxvaTa informaciiT; 

moqmedebda 

Tu ara cenzura 

wyaros avtorze). 


da afasebs 


gansxvavebul 

interpretaciebs. 

o adarebs konkretul 

istoriul 

movlenaze (pirovnebaze) 

arsebul 

ori (an sami) istorikosis 

gansxvavebul 

Tvalsazriss, afa- 

133 

maze muSaobisas 

sWirdeba da 





rac Temis 

irgvliv arsebuli 

savarjiSoebisTvis 

sWirdeba da Tavadac 

SeuZlia amgvariinstruqciebis 

ageba. 


asrulebs 

tests an sxva specifikurdavalebebs 

sakiTxis 



davalebis 


Sesabamisi 

funqciuri frazebisa 

da konstruqciebisgamoyenebiT.

ogor vswavlobT 

istorias? 

2 

sebs mas da ayalibebs 

sakuTar Sexedulebas 

am istoriulimovlenis 

(pirovnebis) 

Sesaxeb; 

o ganasxvavebs istoriul 

faqts 

istoriuli interpretaciisagan; 

msjelobs, ramdenad 

aris dakavSirebuli 

isini 

erTmaneTTan; 

o aanalizebs pirvelad 

da meorad 

wyaroebs; 

o kritikulad afasebs, 

Tu ramdenad 

sandoa wyaro (mag.: 

ikvlevs, iyo Tu 

ara avtori movlenisTviTmxilveli, 

Tu sargeblobda 

sxvaTa informaciiT;moqmedebda 

Tu ara 

cenzura wyaros 

avtorze); 

o istoriuli wyarodan 

zusti Sinaarsis 

gamotanis 

mizniT adgens istoriulimovlenis 

monawileebs, 

misi ganviTarebis 

adgilsa da dros, 

gamomwvev faqtorebsa 

da Sedegebs; 

o adgens istoriuli 

wyaros mTavar sakiTxs; 

o wyaroebze muSaobisas 

mxedveloba- 

Si iRebs istori- 

134

uli movlenis monawileebis 

gansxvavebul faseulobebs,interesebs,Sexedulebebs, 

motivebsa da 

sxva adamianur 

mxareebs; 

o istoriul wyaroebze 

muSaobisas 

adgens mizez- 

Sedegobriv kavSirebs; 

msjelobs 

pirovnebis rolze 

istoriaSi, ideebis 

gavlenasa da 

SemTxveviTobis 

faqtorze; 

o istoriuli wyarodan 

gamotanil 

informacias ajgufebssazogadoebrivicxovrebis 

sxvadasxva 

sferos (politika, 

ekonomika, kultura, 

religia, socialuri 

urTier- 

Tobebi) mixedviT; 

o kiTxulobs istoriul 

rukas istoriulimovlenis 

ganviTarebis 

adgilze geografiuliinformaciis 

mopovebis 

mizniT. 

o moswavle gegmavs 

da atarebs istoriul 

kvlevas; 

o damoukideblad an 

maswavleblis 

daxmarebiT irCevs 

sakvlevad misTvis 

saintereso isto- 

135

ogor gadmovcemT 

istorias? 

3 

riul sakiTxs; 

o kvlevis interesebidan 

gamomdinare, 

maswavleblis 

daxmarebiT moi- 

Ziebs, ecnoba da 

afasebs pirvelad 

wyaroebs; 

o wers istoriul 

Temas; 

o istoriuli Temis 

daweris mizniT 

irCevs misTvis 

saintereso sakiTxs 

da TandaTan 

akonkretebs mas; 

o istoriuli Temis 

daweris mizniT 

irCevs misTvis 

saintereso sakiTxs 

da TandaTan 

akonkretebs mas; 

o adgens Temis daweris 

gegmas, rac 

gulisxmobs: a) 

gegmis Sedgenis 

dros ufro mniSvnelovani 

ideebis 

erT jgufSi gan- 

Tavsebas, SedarebiT 

naklebad 

mniSvnelovnisas ki 

_ meoreSi da a.S.; 

o citatis motanisas,parafrazirebisas 

an sxvisi 

mosazrebis gamoyenebisasaucileblad 

uTiTebs 

wyaros; 

o Temas daurTavs 

gamoyenebuli literaturis 

sias; 

o axdens gverdebis 

danomvras; 

136

o meore (an mesame 

variantis) daweris 

Semdeg axdens Temis 

redaqtirebas; 

o Temis saboloo 

variantis wardgenis 

win kidev 

erTxel kiTxulobsredaqtirebul 

variants. 

gakveTili 1 

Tema – muSaoba sxvadasxva tipis wyaroebze; erTi ambavi da 

sxvadasxva wyaro 

gakveTilis mizani - moswavleebi aanalizeben da afaseben erTi 

da imave istoriuli movlenis gansxvavebul 

interpretaciebs. adareben konkretul istoriul 

movlenaze arsebul ori (an sami) istorikosis 

gansxvavebul Tvalsazriss da afaseben mas. 

enobrivi mizani - moswavleebi Seiswavlian istoriuli wyaros 

sxvadsxva tipebis aRmniSvnel terminologias. 

Sesaswavli leqsika - istoriuli wyaro, istoriuli kvleva, 

wyaroebis klasifikacia, nivTieri wyaro, werilobiTi 

wyaro, pirveladi wyaro, meoradi wyaro. 

funqciuri frazebi - daakvirdiT, waikiTxeT, gaecaniT, SemoxazeT 

swori pauxebi, aageT drois xazi, romelzec daitanT, 

daasaxeleT, mocemuli wyaroebis mixedviT daadgineT, 

gadaSaleT rveulebi, vin mipasuxebs, romel Tqvengans 

137


surs? vin daexmareba amxanags? CamoTvaleT, daviwyoT 

Temis zogadi ganxilviT, pasuxi saWiroebs 

argumentacias, daasabuTeT, axla gagacnobT gakveTilis 

Temasa da mizans, ras SeviswavliT am gakveTilze, 

gadaSaleT saxelmZRvaneloebi, SeavseT gamotovebuli 

adgilebi, ras niSnavs ...........? vin iyo ...............? vin metyvis? 

vin mipasuxebs? waikiTxeT (gaecaniT), SekiTxvebi xom ar 

gaqvT? wera dasrulebulia - CamabareT nawerebi. 

resursebi - maswavlebeli - dafa, carci. moswavleebi - 

aqtivoba 1 

saxelmZRvanelo me-10 klasi (moswavlis wigni), rveuli, 

kalmistari. 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs gakveTilis Temasa da 

mizans da mokled saubrobs sxvadasxva tipis istoriuli wyaroebis 

mniSvnelobaze. 

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs davaleba sakuTar 

rveulebSi Seasrulon, xolo Semdeg aZlevs am davalebis 

instruqcias: 

- waikiTxeT, 13 paragrafis ”muSaoba sxvadasxva tipis 

wyaroebze; erTi ambavi da sxvadasxva wyaro”, Sesavali, wyaro 1, 2 

da 5. 

138

- wyaro 1, 2 da 5 Sinaarsis mixedviT SeasruleT Semdegi 

davaleba: 

maswavlebeli SekiTxvebs wers dafaze. 

CamowereT wyaroebSi naxsenebi yvela istoriuli piris 

saxeli; 

dawereT wyaroebSi naxsenebi RmerTis saxeli; 

dawereT wyaroebSi naxsenebi geografiuli saxelebi. 

swori pasuxebi: 

amuliusi, numitori, romulusi, remusi; 

marsi; 

tibri, romi. 

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs adgilidan upasuxon. 

aqtivoba 1 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli TiTo swor pasuxSi 

wers TiTo qulas. 

aqtivoba 2 


maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs davaleba sakuTr 

rveulebSi Seasrulon, xolo am davalebis instruqcias zepirad 

eubneba: 

- sqemis mixedviT warmosaxeT wyaro 1, 2 da 5 naxsenebi 

istoriuli pirebis naTesauri kavSirebi: 

1. am pirebis saxelebi CasviT CarCoebSi 

2. kavSirebis aRsaniSnavad gamoiyeneT isrebi. 

erT-erTi SesaZlo swori pasuxi: 

139

samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg maswavlebeli Camoivlis merxebs 

Soris da akvirdeba namuSevrebs da erT-erT moswavles, romelmac 

davaleba kargad Seasrula, sTxovs dafaze daxazos sqema. 

aqtivoba 2 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli akeTebs 

zepir komentarebs: kargia, kargad gimuSavia, naxazi ar aris 

srulyofili, wyaroebSi miTiTebuli yvela piris saxeli ar Cans 

naxazSi da a.S. 

aqtivoba 3 

amuliusi 

(Zma) 


maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, zepirad, adgilidan gascen 

pasuxi Semdeg SekiTxvebs. 

paragrafSi mocemuli wyaroebis mixedviT daadgineT: 

1. aris Tu ara liviusi Tanamedrove im movlenebisa, romelzec 

is wyaro 2 - Si saubrobs? daasabuTeT. 

swori pasuxi: ar aris, radganac liviusi moRvaweobda Zv.w I - 

ax. w I saukuneebSi, xolo romis daarseba wyaro me-5 - is Tanaxmad 

moxda Zv.w VIII saukuneSi. 

romulusi 

(SviliSvili) 

2. romeli wyaroebia nivTieri da werilobiTi? 

swori pasuxi: nivTieri - 3, 4; werilobiTi - 1,2,5. 

3. romel wyaroSia gadmocemuli mecnierTa varaudi? 

140 

numitori 

(papa) 

remusi 

(SviliSvili)

swori pasuxi: me- 5 - Si. 

moswavleebi adgilidan pasuxoben. SekiTvebze pasuxebis 

gacemisas SeiZleba moswavleebs Soris gaimarTos diskusia, rasac 

maswavlebelma xeli unda Seuwyos. 

aqtivoba 3 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli akeTebs zepir 

komentarebs: kargia, sainteresoa, zustad gaeci pasuxi, pasuxi ar 

aris srulyofili, vin daamatebs da a.S. 

aqtivoba 4 


maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs Semdeg or davalebas: 

- sakuTar rveulebSi werolobiT, ramdenime winadadebiT 

gaeciT pasuxi Semdeg SekiTxvas (pasuxi unda iyos ramdenime): 

1. davaleba. 

ratom aris aucilebeli mravali wyaros gamoyeneba erTi 

istoriuli faqtis dasadgenad? pasuxi daasabuTeT 

savaraudo swori pasuxebi: 

a) wyaroebi sxvadasxva dros aris Seqmnili. (sakuTari azris 

dasacavad moswavlem ganvlili masalidan aucileblad 

argumentebi da magaliTebi unda moiyvanos). 

b) wyaros Semqmneli SeiZleba iyos mikerZoebuli (iyos 

opozicioneri an xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli), an 

simarTles ver werdes cenzuris gamo da sxva. amitom 

aucilebelia sxva wyaroebiT gadamowmeba. (sakuTari azris 

dasacavad moswavlem ganvlili masalidan aucileblad 

argumentebi da magaliTebi unda moiyvanos). 

141

g) wyaros Semqmnels SeiZleba cudi mTxrobelebi 

(informatorebi) hyavda, romlebic sxvadasva mizeziT 

damaxinjebul informacias awvdidnen, amitom aucilebelia 

sxva wyaroebiT gadamowmeba. (sakuTari azris dasacavad 

moswavlem ganvlili masalidan aucileblad argumentebi da 

magaliTebi unda moiyvanos). 

d) sxvadsxva adamianebi erTsa da imave movlenas 

sxvadasxvanairad afaseben da a.S. 

(sakuTari azris dasacavad moswavlem ganvlili masalidan 

aucileblad argumentebi da magaliTebi unda moiyvanos). 

2. davaleba 

numeraciis mixedviT ganalageT paragraSi mocemuli 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 

wyaroebi uZvelesidan uaxlesamde 

swori pasuxi: 

1 4 3 2 5 

maswavlebeli krebs rveulebs da namuSevrebs asworebs 

gakveTilis Semdeg. 

aqtivoba 4 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebels afasebs 

naSroms -1. davalebas qulebis meSveobiT winaswar SemuSavebuli 

kriteriumebis mixedviT. 

kriteriumebi 

o ayalibebs Tezisebs; 

o amyarebs Teziss saTanado argumentebiT; 

o magaliTebi adekvaturad mohyavs; 

o enobrivad gamarTulia. 

142

2. davaleba fasdeba qulebis mixedviT. 



143

gakveTili 2 

Tema – ruka, rogorc istoriuli wyaro 

gakveTilis mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian rukas, rogorc 

istoriul wyaros, Seiswavlian rukis elementebs da 

misi meSveobiT SesZleben garkveuli informaciis 

mopovebas. 

Sesaswavli leqsika - istoriuli ruka, rukis legenda, rukis 

saxelwodeba, cnobebi Semsruleblis Sesaxeb, 

informacia gamocemis adgilisa da drois Sesazeb, 

toponimi, kartografia. 

enobrivi mizani - moswavleebi Seiswavlian istoriul rukis 

Semadgeneeli elementebis dasaxelebebs 

funqciuri frazebi - daakvirdiT, waikiTxeT, gaecaniT, SeavseT 


testi, daasaxeleT, danarTi ............, vin mipasuxebs, 

romel Tqvengans surs? vin daexmareba amxanags? 

imuSaveT wyvilebSi, vin warmoadgens Tavisi wyvilis 

namuSevars? CamoTvaleT, daviwyoT Temis zogadi 

ganxilviT, pasuxi saWiroebs argumentacias, samuSao 

furclebs daawereT Tqveni saxeli da gvari, 

daasabuTeT, axla gagacnobT gakveTilis Temasa da 

mizans, ras SeviswavliT am gakveTilze, gadaSaleT 

saxelmZRvaneloebi, vin metyvis? vin mipasuxebs? 

waikiTxeT (gaecaniT), SekiTxvebi xom ar gaqvT? wera 

dasrulebulia - CamabareT nawerebi. 

144

esursebi - maswavlebeli - dafa, carci; msoflios politikuri 

aqtivoba 1 

da fizikuri rukebi, umjobesia romelime istoriuli 

ruka. danarTebi #1 da #2, romlebsac individulurad 

urigebs maswavlebeli moswavleebs. moswavleebi - 

saxelmZRvanelo me-10 klasis (moswavlis wigni), 

rveuli, kalmistari. 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs gakveTilis (paragrafi 31, 

ruka, rogorc istoriuli wyaro) mizansa da Temas. dafaze gakruli 

rukis magaliTze, is umartavs moswavleebs rukis elementebs 

(saTaurs, masStabs, legendas, zogierTs pirobiT niSans da a.S. ) da 

saubrobs rukis mniSvnelobaze istoriis Seswavlis procesSi. 

Semdeg, sTxovs moswavleebs gaecnon (paragrafi 31, ruka, rogorc 

istoriuli wyaro) Sesavals. 

aqtivoba 2 


maswavlebeli aZlevs moswavleebs Semdeg davalebas: 

- daakvirdiT wyaro 1-s da wyaro 3 - s (budizmis da 

induizmis gavrceleba 500 wlisTvis da islamis gavrceleba) 

da SeavseT testi, romelic mocemulia #1 danarTSi. 

- danarTSi ”saxeli da gvari” - is gaswvriv 

aucileblad CawereT Tqveni saxeli da gvari 

davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli krebs testebs da 

gakveTilis Semdeg asworebs. 

145

aqtivoba 2 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli TiToeul 

swor pasuxSi wers TiTo qulas 

aqtivoba 3 


maswavlebeli aZlevs moswavleebs Semdeg davalebas: 

imuSaveT wyvilebSi. mewyvileebi eTaTbirebian da dasmul 

SekiTxvebze Sejerebul pasuxs scemen. 

daakvirdiT wyaro 2-s (qristianobis gavrceleba evropaSi) da 

gaeciT pasuxebi SekiTxvebs, romlebic mocemulia #2 danarTSi 

danarTSi ”saxeli da gvaris” gaswvriv aucileblad 

CawereT mewyvileebis saxeli da gvari 

davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli krebs 

moswavleTa namuSevrebs. es imisTvis keTdeba, rom moswavlebs ar 

hqondeT sakuTar namuSevarSi Secdomebis Casworebis 

SesaZlebloba. 

amis Semdeg maswavlebeli amorCeviT iZaxebs erT- erT 

moswavles dafasTan (msoflios politikur rukasTan) da sTxovs 

sakuTari wyvilis pasuxebis gacnobas klasisTvis. 

maswavlebeli ubrunebs mopasuxes sakuTar namuSevars. 

(mewyvileebi TviTon irCeven prezentators) 

prezentatori pasuxobs. 

SesaZlebelia, moswavlem arasworad upasuxos, maSin 

maswavlebeli mimarTavs klass. 

SesaZlebelia moswavlis pasuxma gamoiwvios TanaklaselebSi 

azrTa sxvadasxvaoba. maswavlebelma amgvar diskusias xeli unda 

Seuwyos. 

afasebs 

prezentatoris poziciis dacvis ufleba aqvs mis mewyviles. 

moswavleTa namuSevrebs maswavlebeli gakveTilis Semdeg 

146

aqtivoba 3 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli TiToeul 

swor pasuxSi wers TiTo qulas. am quliT is afasebs orive 

mewyviles. 



147

148 

danarTi # 1 

saxeli da gvari ....................................... ........................................................... 

SemoxazeT swori pasuxi: 

1. budizmi warmoiSva: 

a) CineTSi; b) indoeTSi; g) iaponiaSi; d) nepalSi. 

2. budizmi gavrcelda: 

swori pasuxi: b) 

a) tibetSi, iaponiaSi, k.Sri-lankaze, arabeTSi; 

b) CineTSi, indoneziaSi, iranSi, koreaSi; 

g) CineTSi, iaponiaSi, koreaSi, k.Sri- lankaze; 

d) arc erTi pasuxi ar aris swori. 

swori pasuxi: g) 

CawereT gamotovebul adgilas swori pasuxi. 

3. budizmi iaponiaSi uSualod ........................ Sevida. 

4. induizmi gavrcelebulia: 

swori pasuxi: koreidan 

a) indoeTSi, iaponiaSi, k. sumatraze, CineTSi; 

b) samxreT - aRmosavleT aziaSi, indoeTSi, birmaSi, k.Sri- 

lankaze; 

g) indoeTSi, CineTSi, koreaSi, avRaneTSi; 

d) samxreT - aRmosavleT aziaSi, birmaSi, k.Sri- lankaze, 

iaponiaSi. 

swori pasuxi: b) 

5. rukaze (wyaro 1) datanebuli patara rukis mixedviT, 

induizmi da budizmi gavrcelebulia: 

a) aRmosavleT aziaSi; 

b) dasavleT aziaSi;

g) axlo aRmosavleTSi; 


daakvirdiT wyaro 3 -s. 

6. islami warmoiSva: 

a) apeninis naxevarkunZulze; 

b) indostanis naxevarkunZulze; 

g) balkaneTis naxevarkunZulze; 

d) arabeTis naxevarkunZulze. 

swori pasuxi: a) 

swori pasuxi: d) 

7. muslimTa batonobis qveS espaneTi moeqca: 

a) 622- dan - 630 - wlamde; 

b) 632 - dan - 661 - wlamde; 

g) 661 - dan - 750 - wlamde; 



8. muslimTa batonobis qveS qveS 661-dan - 750 wlamde 

moeqca: 

a) somxeTi, saqarTvelo, saberZneTi; 

b) azerbaijani, somxeTi, egvipte; 

g) saqarTvelo, somxeTi, azerbaijani. 

d) saqarTvelo, azerbaijani, italia. 


9. muslimTa batonobis qveS qveS 632-dan - 661- wlamde 

moeqca: 

a) egvipte, irani; 

b) Crdilo afrika, irani; 

g) egvopte, espaneTi 


swori pasuxi: a) 

149

10. rukaze (wyaro 3) datanebuli patara rukis mixedviT, 

islami gavrcelebulda: 

a) afrikaSi, samxreT amerikaSi, aziaSi; 

b) aziaSi, evropaSi, avstraliaSi; 

g) aziaSi, afrikaSi, CrdiloeT amerikaSi; 

d) aziaSi, afrikaSi, evropaSi. 

swori pasuxi: d) 

150

151 

danarTi # 2 

saxeli da gvari ....................................... ........................................................... 

gaeciT werilobiT pasuxi Semdeg SekiTxvebs. 

a) daasaxeleT evropis Tanamedrove sami qveyana, romlebic 

ZiriTadad 486 wlisTvis gaqristiandnen; 

..........................................., ..........................................., ............................................... . 

erT-erTi swori pasuxi: safrangeTi, italia, irlandia. 

b) daasaxeleT evropis Tanamedrove sami qveyana, romlebic 

ZiriTadad 486 - dan 1050 wlemde gaqristiandnen; 

..........................................., ..........................................., ................................................ . 

erT-erTi swori pasuxi: norvegia, Sotlandia, ruseTi. 

g) wyaro 2 - Tan erTad daixmareT Tanamedrove politikuri 

ruka da gansazRvreT is Tanamedrove sami qveyana, romlebSic 

yvelaze monastebi iyo (wyaro #2 - Si es monastrebi wreSi 

Caxatuli jvriT aris gamosaxuli) 

..............................................., ..........................................., ................................................ . 

erT-erTi swori pasuxi: belgia, Sveicaria, germania. 

d) romeli evropuli qveyana iyo muslimTa gavlenis qveS? 

........................................... . 

swori pasuxi: espaneTi. 

e) romel kontinentebze gavrcelda qristianoba 1050 

wlisTvis? 

.................................................... , ................................................ . 

swori pasuxi: evropa da afrika.

XI klasi 


winare istoriuli 

epoqa 

1 

o moswavle 

aanalizebs 

pirvelyofil 

sazogadoebaSi 

momxdar 

mniSvnelovan 

ekonomikur 

cvlilebebs; 

o irCevs erT-erT ekonomikuriurTierTobebis 

formas da 

adarebs saqarTvelosa 

da sxva romelime 

qveyanaSi (regionSi) 

mis Camoyalibebasa 

da ganvi- 

Tarebas; 

o irCevs erT-erT epoqas 

da msjelobs 

teqnologiuri 

cvlilebebisa da 

ekonomikis ganviTarebisurTierTgavlenaze; 


religiis gavlenas 

materialur 

da sulier kulturaze; 

o adarebs saqarTvelosa 

da sxva qveynebiswinaqristianul 

religiur warmodgenebs 

da maT 

gavlenas xelovnebasa 

da yofaze; 

152 


TemisaTvis 

mniSvnelovani 



icis am 

terminTa qar- 

Tuli ganmartebebi, 

SeuZlia 

sinonimuri sityvebiTa 

da aRweriTi 

msjelobiT 


da maTi 

meSveobiT mosazrebisgadmocema. 



is konstruqciebi,romlebic 

sakiTxze 

msjelobisas 

dasWirdeba. sa- 

Wiroebis Sem- 

TxvevaSi ki Seu- 

Zlia erTi gramatikulikonstruqciis 

sxva 

konstruqciiT 

Secvla ise, rom 

aagos swori da 

gramatikulad 

gamarTuli msjeloba. 


yvela im funq-

Zveli msoflio da 

saqarTvelo 

2 

o moswavle 

aanalizebs Zvels 

msoflioSi momxdar 

mniSvnelovan 

ekonomikur 

cvlilebebs; 

o irCevs ekonomikuri 

urTierTobebis erTerT 

formas da 


da sxva 

romelime qveyanaSi 

(regionSi) mis 

Camoyalibebasa da 

ganviTarebas; 

o irCevs erT-erT 

epoqas da msjelobs 

teqnologiuri 


ekonomikis 

ganviTarebis 

urTierTgavlenaze; 

o cxrilSi ajgufebs 

aRmosavluri da 

dasavluri 

ekonomikuri 

urTierTobebisTvis 

damaxasiaTebel 

niSnebs da 

msjelobs maT Soris 

arsebul 

msgavsebebsa da 

gansxvavebebze; 

o aanalizebs mmarTvelobiTistruqturebisCamoyalibebasada 

cvlilebebs. 

o msjelobs konkretul 

epoqaSi saxelmwifosmmarTvelobiT 

struqtureb- 

Si cvlilebebis Sesaxeb; 

o ikvlevs socialuri 

struqturebis ur- 

153 

ciuri frazis 

mniSvneloba, 

rac Temaze mu- 

Saobisas sWirdeba 

da SeuZlia 

am frazebis Tavad 

gamoyenebac. 



rac Temis 

irgvliv arsebuli 

savarji- 

SoebisTvis 

sWirdeba da Tavadac 

SeuZlia 


ageba. 

o moswavle Tavisufladasrulebs 

tests an 

sxva specifikur 

davalebebs sakiTxis 

irgvliv 

da Tavadac 


davalebis Seqmna 

instruqciebis, 


frazebisa 

da konstruqciebis 

gamoyenebiT.

3 

TierTmimarTebebs 

o adarebs erTi da 

igive epoqis ori an 

sami qveynis socialur 

struqturebs 

da miuTiTebs 

gansxvavebebsa da 

msgavsebebze; 



materialur 

da sulier kulturaze. 

o adarebs saqarTvelosa 

da sxva qveynebiswinaqristianul 

religiur warmodgenebs 

da maT 

gavlenas xelovneba- 

sa da yofaze; 

o moswavle 

aanalizebs Zvels 

msoflioSi momxdar 

mniSvnelovan 

ekonomikur 

cvlilebebs. 

o irCevs erT-erT ekonomikuriurTierTobebis 

formas da 





da ganvi- 

Tarebas 


da msjelobs 

teqnologiuri 




aRmosavluri da dasavluriekonomiku- 

154

Sua saukuneebi da 

saqarTvelo 

ri urTierTobebisTvis 


niSnebs da msjelobs 

maT Soris arsebul 

msgavsebebsa 

da gansxvavebebze; 


cvlilebebs. 

o msjelobs konkretul 


struqtureb- 








struqturebs 

da miuTiTebs 


msgavsebebze; 



materialur 

da sulier kulturaze. 

o msjelobs, Tu ra 

gavlena moaxdina 

qristianobam qarTveli 

xalxis xelovnebasa 

da yofaze; 

avlebs paralelebs 

sxva romelime qristianul 

qveyanasTan; 


icvleboda ur- 

TierTdamokidebuleba 

saero da sasulieroxelisuflebas 

Soris. 

155

4 

o sxvadasxva epoqebsa 

da qveynebSi da ra 

gavlenas axdenda es 

cvlilebebi qveynis 

kulturul ganvi- 

Tarebaze; 

o irCevs qarTul 

sakulto Tu saero 

daniSnulebis 

Zeglebs da avlebs 

paralelebs 

analogiuri 

daniSnulebis mqone 

sxva qveynebis 

Zeglebis 

arqiteqturasTan. 


Zvel msoflioSi 

momxdar 

mniSvnelovan 

ekonomikur 

cvlilebebs. 

o irCevs ekonomikuri 

urTierTobebis erTerT 

formas da adarebs 

saqarTvelosa 




da ganviTarebas; 


da msjelobs 

teqnologiuri 




aRmosavluri da dasavluriekonomikuriurTierTobebisTvis 


niSnebs da msjelobs 

maT Soris arsebul 

msgavsebebsa da 

156

axali 

msoflio 

da 

saqarTvelo 

gansxvavebebze; 


cvlilebebs. 

o • msjelobs konkretul 


struqtureb- 








struqturebs 

da miuTiTebs 


msgavsebebze; 



materialur da 

sulier kulturaze. 

o msjelobs, Tu ra 

gavlena moaxdina 

qristianobam qarTveli 

xalxis xelovnebasa 

da yofaze; 


sxva romelime qristianul 

qveyanasTan; 


icvleboda ur- 

TierTdamokidebuleba 

saero da sasulieroxelisuflebas 

Soris sxvadasxva 

epoqebsa da qveynebSi 

da ra gavlenas 

axdenda es 

cvlilebebi qveynis 

kulturul ganviTarebaze. 

157

o irCevs qarTul sakulto 

Tu saero 

daniSnulebis Zeglebs 

da avlebs paralelebsanalogiuri 

daniSnulebis 

mqone sxva qveynebis 

Zeglebis arqiteqturasTan. 

o adarebs mTisa da 

baris socialur 

struqturebs da 

poulobs msgavsebebsa 

da gansxvavebebs 

o irCevs erT-erT saxelmwifos 

da msjelobs, 

Tu ra gavlenas 

axdens am qveynis 

ekonomikur prioritetebze 

is nedleuli, 

romelic mis 

teritoriaze moipoveba. 

o irCevs or revolucias 

da adarebs maT 

gamomwvev mizezebs, 

mimdinareobis processa 

da Sedegebs; 

am analizis safuZvelze 

klasSi jgufuri 

muSaobisas 

qmnis revoluciis 

zogad models. 

o irCevs romelime 

konkretul epoqas, 

gamohyofs qarTuli 

saxelmwifos (saxelmwifoebis)interesebs 

da msjelobs 

gadadgmuli politikur 

nabijebis Sesaxeb. 

o irCevs or imperias 

da erTmaneTs adarebs 

maT ekonomikur 

158

politikas periferiebsa 

da koloniebSi 

(mag. inglisisa 

da espaneTis politika 

maT koloniebSi); 

o irCevs erT-erT ekonomikur 

Teorias da 

msjelobs, Tu ra 

gavlena moaxdina man 

ama Tu im qveynis 

(regionis) ekonomikur 

ganviTarebaze. 

159

gakveTili 1 

Tema – aleqsandre makedoneli 

gakveTilis mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian aleqsandre 

makedonelis moRvaweobas, gaanalizeben misi samxedro 

taqtikis siaxleebs, Seadareben sxvadsxva 

moazrovneebisa da mecnierTa mosazrebebs aleqsandres 

pirovnebis Sesaxeb. 

enobrivi mizani - moswavleebi Seiswavlian elinisturi 

saxelmwifoebis da istoriul - geografiul 

dasaxelebebs. aseve gaecnobian aleqsandre 

makedonelis epoqis sajariso danayofebisa da 

SeiaraRebis rigorc qarTul, aseve saerTaSoriso 

istoriul terminologias. 

Sesaswavli leqsika - aqamenianTa dinastia, elinizmi, 

diadoqosebi, elinisturi saxelmwifoebi: 

ptolemaiosebis samefo, selevkidebis samefo, 

makedoniis samefo, pontos samefo, pergamonis samefo, 

dinastia, imperatori, avantiuristi, geniosi, 

saxelmwifo moRvawe, sardali, brZolis sqema, sajariso 

danayofebi, sajariso danayofebis tipebi, falanga, 

qveiTi meomari, cxenosani meomari, sabrZolo etlebi, 

funqciuri frazebi - daakvirdiT, waikiTxeT, gaecaniT, 

daasaxeleT, gadaixazeT dafidan cxrili, SeavseT 

cxrilis grafebi, warmoadgineT Tqveni mosazrebebi 

werilobiT, daasabuTeT Tqveni pasuxi, samuSao 

160


furclebs daawereT Tqveni saxeli da gvari, daviwyoT 

Temis zogadi ganxilviT, axla gagacnobT gakveTilis 

Temasa da mizans, ras SeviswavliT am gakveTilze, 

gadaSaleT saxelmZRvaneloebi, SekiTxvebi xom ar 

gaqvT? wera dasrulebulia - CamabareT nawerebi. 


aqtivoba 1 

saxelmZRvanelo me-11 klasi (moswavlis wigni), rveuli, 

saweri furclebi, kalmistari. 

aqtivobebi: 

maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs gakveTilis Temasa da 

mizans da zogadad axsenebs Zv.w. me-5 - me-4 saukuneebSi berZnul- 

sparsul samyaroSi mimdinare politikur procesebs. maswavlebeli 

sTxovs moswavleebs: 

- sawer furclebze dawereT Tqveni saxelebi da gvarebi 

- waikiTxeT 11 paragrafis ”aleqsandre makedoneli” 

Sesavali. aseve, gaecaniT gavgamelasTan brZolis sqemas da 

suraTebze gamosaxul berZen-sparsel meomarTa aRWurvilobas. 

161

davaleba I 

- 11 paragrafis Sesavlis da am paragrafis bolos arsebuli 

rukis mixedviT, CamowereT aziis da afrikis is teritoriebi, 

romlebic daipyro aleqsandre makedonelma. 

swori pasuxi: mcire azia, mesopotamia, xmelTaSua zRvis 

aRmosavleTi sanapiro, egvipte, dRevandeli iranis teritoria, Sua 

azia da indoeTis nawili. 

davaleba II 

- gadaixazeT dafidan cxrili (maswavlebeli winaswar 

xazavs am cxrils) da gavgamelasTan brZolis sqemis mixedviT, 

SeavseT cxrilis oTxive grafa. 

1. pirvel grafaSi CawerT aleqsandre makedonelis sajariso 

danayofebis tipebs, 

2. meore grafaSi sparselTa sajariso danayofebis tipebs, 

3. xolo mesame da meoTxe grafaSi CawerT saerTos da 

gansxvavebuls am jarebis sajariso danayofebis tipebs Soris. 

swori pasuxi: 

ალექსანდრე 

მაკედონელის 

ჯარი 

1. ცხენოსნები 

2. მძიმე ქვეითი 

ჯარი 

3. მსუბუქი 

ქვეითი ჯარი 

სპარსელთა ჯარი მსგავსება განსხავება 


2. ქვეითი ჯარი 

3. ეტლები 

4. სპილოები 

162 


2. ქვეითი ჯარი 

1. ეტლები 

2. სპილოები

davaleba III 

- daakvirdiT suraTebs da mokled, ramdenime winadadebiT, 

SeadareT makedoneli da sparseli meomrebis samxedro 

arWurviloba, CamowereT mxolod gansxvavebebi. 

ramdenime swori pasuxi: 

makedonelebisgan gansxvavebiT sparselebs hqondaT mSvild-isari; 

gansxvavebuli iyo maTi Cafxutebi (muzaradebi); 

sparselebs suraTis mixedviT ar hqondaT farebi da a.S. 

davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg, moswavleebi furclebs 

abareben maswavlebels. 

aqtivoba 1-is fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli qulebiT 

afasebs moswavleebs. 

aqtivoba 2 


maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs Semdeg davalebas: 

maswavlebeli dafaze xazavs cxrils 

- gaecaniT 11 paragrafis ”aleqsandre makedoneli” - a), b), 

g), d), e), v), z), T), i), k), l) wyaroebs. 

- gadaxazeT cxrili sawer furclebze da daawereT Tqveni 

saxeli da gvari. 

- cxrilis saTanado grafaSi daajgufeT wyaroebi imis 

mixedviT, Tu rogor afasebdnen istorikosebi aleqsandre 

makedonelis pirovnebas, dadebiTad an uaryofiTad. 

163

swori pasuxi: 

დადებითი შეფასება უარყოფითი შეფასება 

ა) - პლუტარქე 

დ) - პოლიბიოსი 

ე) - ფლავიუს არიანე 

ზ) - იოჰან გუსტავ დროიზენი 

თ) - უილიამ ტარნი 

კ) - რობინ ფოქსი 

164 

ბ) - არისტოტელე 

გ) - დემადესი 

ვ) - ჯორჯ გროტი 

ი) - პიტერ გრინი 

კ) - პოლ კოლტრეჯი 

davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli krebs furclebs 

da asworebs namuSevrebs gakveTilis Semdeg. 

aqtivoba 2 - is Sefaseba xdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli 

wers qulebs - TiToeuli swori pasuxi fasdeba erTi quliT. 

aqtivoba 3 


maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs saSinao davalebas: 

saSinao davaleba - 1 

- Tqven mier wakiTxuli wyaroebidan - (a), b), g), d), e), v), z), 

T), i), k), l)) - romels emxrobiT da romels ara. azris 

gasamyareblad moiyvaneT argumentebi. 

- warmoadgineT Tqveni mosazrebebi werilobiT. 


gakveTilis dasasruli.

gakveTili 2 

Tema – georgievskis traqtati 

gakveTilis mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian georgievskis 

traqtatis muxlebs da imsjeleben qarTl-kaxeTisa da 

ruseTisTvis mis dadebiT da uaryofiT Sedegebze. aseve 

gaecnobian qarTvel istorikosTa Sexedulebebs am 

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT da Seadareben maT Tvalsazriss 

erTmaneTs. gamoxataven sakuTar pozicias am istoriuli 

movlenis mimrT. 

enobrivi mizani - moswavleebi Seiswavlian qarTul da 

saerTaSoriso diplomatiur terminebs, aseve gaecnobian 

im cnebebs, romlebic marTlmadidebluri eklesiis 

mowyobisas gamoiyeneba. 

Sesaswavli leqsika - nacnobi cnebebi - aRmosavleTis sakiTxi, 

saeklesio ierarqia, batalioni, xelSekruleba, 

traqtati, traqtatis muxlebi, amierkavkasia, qarTl - 

kaxeTi, diplomatia, samSvidobo xelSekruleba, 

mfarveloba, ruseTis wminda sinodi, patriarqi, 

imperatori. 

funqciuri frazebi - daakvirdiT, waikiTxeT, gaecaniT, 

daasaxeleT, vin mipasuxebs, romel Tqvengans surs? vin 

daexmareba amxanags? imuSaveT jgufebSi, airCieT 

jgufis lideri, vin warmoadgens Tavisi jgufis 

namuSevars? daasabuTeT Tqveni pasuxi, pasuxi 

saWiroebs argumentacias, samuSao furclebs daawereT 

165


Tqveni saxeli da gvari, naSromebi Sefasdeba winaswar 

mocemuli kriteriumebis mixedviT, daviwyoT Temis 

zogadi ganxilviT, axla gagacnobT gakveTilis Temasa 

da mizans, ras SeviswavliT am gakveTilze, gadaSaleT 

saxelmZRvaneloebi, vin metyvis? vin mipasuxebs? 

daexmareT mopasuxes, Tu arsebobs sxva mosazreba, 

SekiTxvebi xom ar gaqvT? wera dasrulebulia - 

CamabareT nawerebi. 


aqtivoba 1 

saxelmZRvanelo me-11 klasi (moswavlis wigni), saweri 

furclebi, rveuli, kalmistari. 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs gakveTilis Temasa da mizans 

da mokled mimoixilavs me-18 saukunis me- 2 naxevris saqarTvelosa 

da amierkavkasiis mdgomareobas. is sTxovs moswavleebs waikiTxon 

66 paragrafis `georgievskis traqtatis” Sesavali (gamuqebuli 

SriftiT dabeWdili) da upasuxon wina paragrafidan Semdeg 

SekiTxvas: 

- ra iyo aRmosavleTis sakiTxi? 

erT-erTi moswavle pasuxobs. 

aqtivobas. eTmoba 5 wuTi. 

166

aqtivoba 2 

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, Seqmnan oTxwevriani jgufebi 

da am jgufis wevrebi indivdualurad gaecnon 66-e paragrafis 

`georgievskis traqtati~ wyaro a)-s. 

- wyaros gacnobis Semdeg, daxazeT cxrili (cxrili # 1) 

Tqvens sawer furclebze. (maswavlebeli am cxrils dafaze xazavs). 

- jgufebSi airCieT lideri, romlis daniSnuleba iqneba 

samuSoas ganawileba(jgufis wevrebTan moTaTbirebis Semdeg), 

jgufis wevrebisTvis daxmarebis gaweva da naSromis prezentacia. 

- jgufis TiToeuli wevri individualurad (SesaZlebelia 

lideris daxmarebiT) avsebs cxrilis mxolod erT grafas. 

- grafebis Sevsebis Semdeg, lideri, jgufis wevrebTan 

SeTanxmebiT, aerTianebs maT namuSevars erT cxrilSi. 

- sawer furclebs aucileblad miawereT jgufis wevrebis 

saxeli da gvari 

cxrili # 1 

რომელი მუხლები იყო 

ქართლ-კახეთისთვის 

სასარგებლო? 


რუსეთისთვის 


167 


ორივე მხარისთვის 


- samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg, lideri akeTebs jgufis 

namuSevris prezentacias klasis winaSe. 

- prezentaciis dros prezentators evaleba muxlebis 

CamoTvlisas maTi argumentebiT gamyareba. 

- aqtivobis dasrulebis Semdeg Sefasdeba prezentatori, 

diskusiaSi aqtiurad monawileni da zogierTi jgufis wevri - 

jgufur muSaobaSi Setanili wvlilisTvis

maswavlebeli winaswar acnobs moswavleebs Sefasebis 

kriteriumebs 

muSaobis proceSi maswavlebeli dadis merxebs Soris, 

rCevebiT exmareba moswavleebs da akvirdeba maT muSaobas, raTa 

SesaZlebloba mieces Seafasos moswavlebis jgufuri muSaoba. 

maswavlebeli amorCeviT iZaxebs erT- erTi jgufis 

prezentators. 

prezentaciis dros, TiToeuli muxlis wakiTxvis Semdeg, 

maswavlebeli ekiTxeba sxva jgufis liderebs: 

- gaqvT Tu ara gansxvavebuli versia, daasaxeleT? 

- migaCniaT Tu ara, rom prezentatoris argumentebi moisustebs, 

ratom? 

prezentaciis dros SesaZlebelia gaimarTos diskusia, rasac 

maswavlebelma xeli unda Seuwyos. 

aqtivoba 2 fasdeba Semdegnairad: 

maswavlebeli afasebs moswavleebs sxvadasxva parametriT: 

1. jgufuri muSaobaSi Setanili wvlilisTvis; 

2. prezentaciisTvis 

3. dikusiaSi monawileobisTvis 

maswavlebeli afasebs jgufis wevrebis muSaobas Semdegi 

kriteriumebiT: 

კრიტერიუმები 1 2 3 4 

მასზე დაკისრებულ დავალებას გაართვა თავი 

უსმენდა სხვებს და იცავდა რიგითობას 

საკუთარ იდეებს აცნობდა სხვებს 

ეხმარებოდა სხვებს 

168

cxrilSi 1, 2, 3, 4 aRniSnavs jgufis wevrebs. am grafis qveviT, 

TiToeul kriteriumSi iwereba qula. 

maswavlebeli afasebs prezentators Semdegi kriteriumebiT: 

კრიტერიუმები ქულები 

საუბრობს გამართულად და თავდაჯერებულად 

საუბარი არგუმენტირებულია 

თავს ართმევს კრიტიკულ შეკითხვებს 

იღებს კრიტიკულ შენიშვნებს 

იცავს საუბრისას დროის ლიმიტს 

maswavlebeli afasebs diskusiaSi monawiles Semdegi kriteriumebiT: 


საუბრობს გამართულად და თავდაჯერებულად 

საუბარი არგუმენტირებულია 

იცავს დისკუსიის წესებს და თანაკლასელის მიმართ 

კორექტულია 

იცავს საუბრისას დროის ლიმიტს 


169

aqtivoba 3 

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs: 

- gaecaniT wyaro: b), g), d), e), da v)-s da SeavseT cxrili 

(maswavlebeli cxrils winaswar xazavs dafaze): 

- wyaros gacnobis Semdeg, daxazeT cxrili (cxrili # 2) 

Tqvens sawer furclebze. 

- am furclebze dawereT Tqveni saxeli da gvari 

- cxrilis Sevsebisas, saTanado grafaSi unda CaweroT: 

cxrili # 2 

romeli politikuri moRvawe da mecnieri Tvlida 

georgievskis traqtatis dadebas da mis Sedegebs 

dadebiTad da romeli uaryofiTad. 

პოლიტიკური 

მოღვაწეები და 

წყარო ბ) 

მეცნიერები 

გრიგოლ პოტიომკინი 

წყარო გ) 

გერონტი ქიქოძე 

წყარო დ) 

სარგის კაკაბაძე 

წყარო ე) 

საქართველოს 

ისტორიის ნარკვევები 

წყარო ვ) 

ივანე ჯავახიშვილი 

ტრაქტატის დადების და 

მისი შედეგების 

დადებითი შეფასება 

170 

ტრაქტატის დადების 

და მისი შედეგების 

უარყოფითი შეფასება

davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli krebs rveulebs 

da asworebs gakveTilis Semdeg. 

aqtivoba 3 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli TiToeul swor 

pasuxSi wers 2 qulas. 

e. i 2× 5 = 10 



171

XII klasi 

Tema # Temis mizani enobrivi 

mizani 

o msjelobs 

o moswavles Se- 

teqnologiuri 

uZlia TemisaTvis 

cvlilebebisa da mniSvnelovani 

saqarTvelo da 

msoflio XX 

saukunis dasawyisSi 

da I msoflio omi 

ekonomikis 

ganviTarebis 


o msjelobs romelime 

konfliqtis (omis) 

ekonomikur 

winapirobebsa da 

Sedegebze; 

o msjelobs, Tu 

rogor icvleboda 

sxvadasxva epoqaSi 

saxelmwifos roli 

qveynebis 

ekonomikuri 



icis am 

terminTa qarTuli 

ganmartebebi, 


sityvebiTa 

da aRweriTi 

msjelobiT terminTa 

Secvla da 

maTi meSveobiT 

mosazrebis gadmocema. 

urTierTobebis o moswavles SeuganviTarebaSi; 

Zlia sworad 

o irCevs erT-erT gamoiyenos is 

ekonomikur Teorias konstruqciebi, 

da msjelobs, Tu ra romlebic saki- 

1 



(regionis) 

ekonomikur 

ganviTarebaze; 


ekonomikis 

regionis, imperiisa 

da msoflio 

ekonomikasTan 


saqarTvelo da 

kavkasia, saqarTvelo 

da ruseTis imperia, 

saqarTvelo da 

msoflio). 

172 

Txze msjelobisas 

dasWirdeba. 


TxvevaSi ki 

SeuZlia erTi 

gramatikuli 

konstruqciis 

sxva konstruqciiT 

Secvla 



gamar- 

Tuli msjeloba. 


yvela im fun-

o adarebs saxelmwifo 

mmarTvelobis 

sxvadasxva sistemas 

(monarqiuli, 

konstituciur_monar 

qiuli, 

saparlamento, 

saprezidento, 

avtoritaruli 

respublika); iZleva 

sakuTar Sefasebas 

TiToeulis 

negatiuri da 

pozitiuri mxareebis 

Sesaxeb; 


mowyobis 

gansxvavebul 

sistemebs 

(unitaruli, 

federaciuli, 

konfederaciuli), 

iZleva sakuTar 

Sefasebas 

TiToeulis 

negatiuri da 


Sesaxeb; msjelobs, 

Tu romeli sistema 

iqneboda saukeTeso 

Tanamedrove 

saqarTvelosTvis. 

o gamoTqvams sakuTar 

mosazrebas 

pirovnebis qonebriv 

da socia-lur 

mdgomareobas Soris 

urTierTmimar-Tebis 

Sesaxeb. 

o adarebs ori an sami 

qveynis socialur 

struqturebs da miu- 

TiTebs 


msgavsebebze; 

173 

qciuri frazis 

mniSvneloba, rac 

Temaze muSaobisas 

sWirdeba 

da SeuZlia am 

frazebis Tavad 

gamoyenebac. 



rac Temis 

irgvliv arsebulisavarjiSoebisTvis 

sWir- 

deba da Tavadac 


instruqciebis 

ageba. 


asrulebs tests 

an sxva specifikurdavalebebs 

sakiTxis 


SeuZlia 


Seqmna instruqciebis,Sesabamisi 

funqciuri 

frazebisa da 

konstruqciebis 

gamoyenebiT.

saqarTvelo da 

msoflio or 

msoflio oms 

Soris 

bolSevizmi 

msoflio 

ekonomikuri 

2 

o aanalizebs saqarTveloSi 

politikur 

par-tiebsa da 

sxvadasxva 

socialur fenas 

Soris urTierTmimarTebas; 

avlebs 

paralelebs evropis 

qveynebTan; 


revolucias da wers 

Temas mmarTvelobiT 

da socialur struqtrurebSi 

am revoluciiT 

gamowveul 

cvlilebebze 

o msjelobs saerTaSoriso 

terorizmze da 

am problemis gadaWris 

gzebze. 

o saklaso diskusiisas 

msjelobs evropuli 

da aRmosavluri 

kul-turebis 

urTierTmi-marTebaze 

da TiTo-eulis 

gavlenaze XX 

saukunis qarTul 

kulturaze. 


msoflio da 

qarTuli kulturis 

ganviTarebis 

tendenciebze. 

o msjelobs teqnologiuricvlilebebisa 

da ekonomikis 

ganviTarebis 




ekonomikur winapirobebsa 

da Sedegebze; 


icvleboda 

174

krizisi 

faSizmi 

• demokratiuli 

qveynebi 



qveynebis ekonomikuriurTierTobebis 

ganviTarebaSi; 


ekonomikur Teorias 

da msjelobs, Tu ra 






ekonomikis 


da msoflio ekonomikasTan 

integraciaze 

(mag. saqarTvelo da 

kavkasia, saqarTvelo 

da ruseTis imperia, 

saqarTvelo da 

msoflio). 


mmarTvelobis sxvadasxva 

sistemas (monarqiuli,konstituciur_monarqiuli, 

saparlamento, saprezidento,avtoritaruli 

respublika); 


Sefasebas TiToeulis 

negatiuri da 


Sesaxeb; 


mowyobis gansxvavebul 

sistemebs 

(unitaruli, federaciuli,konfederaciuli), 

iZleva 

sakuTar Sefasebas 

TiToeulis negatiuri 

da pozitiuri 

mxareebis Sesaxeb; 

175

msjelobs, Tu romeli 

sistema iqneboda 

saukeTeso 

Tanamedrove saqar- 

TvelosTvis; 


mosazrebas pirovnebis 

qonebriv da 

socialur mdgomareobas 

Soris urTierTmimarTebisSesaxeb; 




miuTiTebs gansxvavebebsa 

da msgavsebebze; 


politikur 

partiebsa da sxvadasxva 

socialur 

fenas Soris urTierTmimarTebas; 


evropis qveynebTan; 





am revoluciiT 

gamowveul 

cvlilebebze 

o msjelobs saerTa- 

Soriso terorizmze 

da am problemis 

gadaWris gzebze. 




kulturebis urTierTmimarTebaze 

da 

TiToeulis gavlenaze 

XX saukunis 

qarTul kulturaze. 

176

saqarTvelo da 

msoflio civi omis 

epoqaSi 

3 


msoflio da 

qarTuli kulturis 

ganviTa-rebis 

tendenciebze. 







o msjelobs saerTaSoriso 

terorizmze da 

am problemis gada- 

Wris gzebze. 

o msjelobs teqnologiuri 

cvlilebebisa 

da ekonomikis ganvi- 

Tarebis urTierTgavlenaze; 




da Sedegebze; 









ekonomikis 


da msoflio ekonomikasTanintegraciaze 

(mag. saqarTvelo 

da kavkasia, saqarTvelo 

da ruseTis 

imperia, saqarTvelo 

da msoflio); 


mmarTvelobis sxva- 

177

dasxva sistemas 

(monarqiuli, konstituciur_monarqiuli, 


respublika); 



negatiuri da 


Sesaxeb; 



sistemebs (unitaruli,federaciuli,konfederaciuli), 

iZleva saku- 

Tar Sefasebas TiToeulis 

negatiuri da 






TvelosTvis; 



qonebriv da 


Soris 

urTierTmimarTebis 

Sesaxeb; 







politikur 


socialur 

fenas Soris urTier- 

TmimarTebas; avlebs 


178

qveynebTan; 





am revoluciiT 

gamowveul 

cvlilebebze 




gadaWris gzebze. 





da 


XX saukunis 

qarTul kulturaze; 


msoflio da qar- 

Tuli kulturis 

ganviTarebis tendenciebze. 

o msjelobs qalaqisa 

da soflis xvedriT 

wilze Tanamedrove 

saqarTvelosa da 

sxva qveynebis ekonomikaSi; 

o gamohyofs Tanamedrove 

saqarTvelos 

saxelmwifo interesebs 

da msjelobs 

mis mier gadadgmuli 

politikuri nabijebis 

Sesaxeb; 




gadaWris gzebze; 




179

sabWoTa kavSiris 

daSla da 

saqarTvelos 

gaTavisufleba 

4 








o msjelobs teqnologiuri 

cvlilebebisa 

da ekonomikis ganvi- 

Tarebis urTierTgavlenaze; 




da Sedegebze; 









ekonomikis 


da msoflio ekonomikasTanintegraciaze 

(mag. saqar- 

Tvelo da kavkasia, 

saqarTvelo da 

ruseTis imperia, 

saqarTvelo da 

msoflio); 


mmarTvelobis sxvadasxva 

sistemas (monarqiuli,konstituciur_monarqiuli, 


respublika); 


180


negatiuri da 


Sesaxeb; 



sistemebs 

(unitaruli, federaciuli,konfederaciuli), 

iZleva saku- 

Tar Sefasebas TiToeulis 

negatiuri da 






TvelosTvis; 



qonebriv da 


Soris ur- 

TierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb; 







politikur 


socialur fenas 

Soris urTierTmimarTebas; 

avlebs 


qveynebTan; 





am revoluciiT 

gamowveul 

181

cvlilebebze; 

o msjelobs saer- 

TaSoriso terorizmze 







da 


XX saukunis 

qarTul kulturaze; 


msoflio da qar- 

Tuli kulturis 

ganviTarebis tendenciebze. 

182

gakveTili 1 

Tema – pirveli msoflio omis dasasruli da Sedegebi 

gakveTilis mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian, ra SedegebiT dam- 

Tavrda pirveli msoflio omi. imsjeleben am omiT 

miyenebuli zaralisa da msxverplis odenobaze. aseve 

gaecnibian omis Sedegad evropis politikuri rukis 

cvlilebas da erTa ligis Seqmnis process . 

enobrivi mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian pirveli msoflio omis 

Sedegebis Seswavlisas gamosayenebel qarTul da 

saerTasoriso terminlogias. 

Sesaswavli leqsika - pirveli msoflio omi, antanta, samTa kavSi- 

ri, mobilizacia, reparacia, zavi, erTa liga, evakua- 

cia, qvemexi, tyviamfrqvevi, naRmtyorcni, aeroplani, 

funqciuri frazebi - daakvirdiT, waikiTxeT, gaecaniT, daasax- 


eleT, vin mipasuxebs, romel Tqvengans surs? vin 

daexmareba amxanags? gadaixazeT dafidan cxrili, 

SeavseT cxrilis grafebi, warmoadgineT Tqveni 

mosazrebebi werilobiT, samuSao furclebs daawe- 

reT Tqveni saxeli da gvari, daviwyoT Temis zogadi 

ganxilviT, axla gagacnobT gakveTilis Temasa da mi- 

zans, ras SeviswavliT am gakveTilze, gadaSaleT sax- 

elmZRvaneloebi, vin metyvis? vin mipasuxebs? daexmareT 

mopasuxes, Tu arsebobs sxva mosazreba, SekiTxvebi xom 

ar gaqvT? wera dasrulebulia - CamabareT nawerebi. 

183

esursebi - maswavlebeli - dafa, carci. winaswar dabeWdili 

aqtivoba 1 

SekiTxvebi. moswavleebi - saxelmZRvanelo me-12 klasi 

(moswavlis wigni), rveuli, saweri furclebi, kalmis- 

tari. 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs gakveTilis Temasa da mi- 

zans. maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvebs pirveli msoflio dawye- 

bis mizezebis da misi mimdinareobis Sesaxeb. moswavleebi pasux- 

oben. 


- TiToeulma Tqvenganma sawer furclebze daweros sakuTari 


- waikiTxeT 11 paragrafis ”pirveli msoflio omis (II gakve- 

Tili) omis dasasruli da Sedegebi” Savi SriftiT gamoyo- 

fili Sesavali da werilobiT gaeciT pasuxi Semdeg SekiTx- 

vebs: 

maswavlebeli winaswar wers dafaze am SekiTxvebs an TiToeul 

moswavles urigebs dabeWdili saxiT. 

1. ramdeni qveyana iRebda monawileobas pirvel msoflio 

omSi? 

2. romeli qveynebi danebdnen? CamowereT rigiTobis mixed- 

viT. 

184

3. ramdeni adamiani daiRupa da ramdeni dasaxiCrda pirvel 

msoflio omSi? 

4. ramdeni saxelmwifo iyo Cabmuli pirvel msoflio om- 

Si? 

weris dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli amorCeviT iZaxebs 

erT moswavles da avalebs: 

- gaacani klass Seni pasuxebi. 

- Tu gamomsvleli sworad ver pasuxobs, maswavlebeli ekiTxeba 

sxva moswavleebs. 

aqtivoba 1 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli qulebiT afa- 

sebs moswavleebs. 


aqtivoba 2 




- gaecaniT 11 paragrafSi ”pirveli msoflio omis (II gakve- 

Tili) omis dasasruli da Sedegebi” mocemul cxrils - ro- 

melSic asaxulia pirvel msoflio omSi daRupuli adamiane- 

bis raodenoba. 

- am cxrilis mixedviT pasuxi gaeciT Semdeg SekiTxvebs 

maswavlebeli am SekiTxvebs winaswar wers dafaze an Ti- 

Toeul moswavles urigebs dabeWdili saxiT. 

1. 1. CamowereT xuTi qveyana, romelTac yvelaze meti ada- 

mianis hyavda mobilizebuli I msoflio omSi. 

2. CamowereT xuTi qveyana, romlesac yvelaze meti adamiani 

daeRupa I msoflio omSi. 

185


daeWra I msoflio omSi. 


hyavda ugzo-ukvlod dakarguli I msoflio omSi. 

5. 1, 2, 3, 4 SekiTxvebze pasuxebis gaTvaliswinebiT upasuxeT - 

adamianuri resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelma qveyanam 

ganicada yvelaze metad zarali? 

davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli krebs furclebs 

da asworebs gakveTilis Semdeg, 

aqtivoba 2 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli yovel pa- 

suxebs afasebs qulebiT. 


aqtivoba 3 


- gaecaniT 11 paragrafis ”pirveli msoflio omis (II gakve- 

Tili) omis dasasruli da Sedegebi” qveTavs - erTa liga. 

moswavleebis mier am qveTavis gacnobis Semdeg, maswavlebeli 

svams SekiTxvebs, romelTac moswavleebi adgilidan pasuxoben: 

1. ra funqcia daekisra erTa ligas? 

2. vin iyo erTa ligis Seqmnis ideis avtori? 

moswavleebi adgilidan pasuxoben 

aqtivoba 3 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli moswavleTa 

pasuxebs afasebs komentarebiT: kargia, teqsti dakvirvebiT wai- 

kiTxe, Seni pasuxi ara aris sruli, garda saxelmZRvaneloSi wa- 

kiTxulisa, raimes xom ar daamatebdi. 

aqtivobas eTmoba 5 wuTi 

186

aqtivoba 4 




- daakvirdiT 11 paragrafSi ”pirveli msoflio omis (II gak- 

veTili) omis dasasruli da Sedegebi” mocemul or rukas da 

SeavseT cxrili. 

maswavlebeli Sesavseb cxrils xazavs dafaze. 

- cxrilis pirvel grafaSi CamowereT evropis is saxelmwifoe- 

bi, romelTa teritoriazec omis damTavrebis Semdeg war- 

moiSvnen axali saxelmwifoebi. 

- cxrilis meore grafaSi CawerT omis Semdeg wamoSobili axa- 

li saxelmwifoebi. 

სახელმწიფოები, რომელთა 

ტერიტორიაზეც ომის 

დამთავრების შემდეგ 

წარმოიშვნენ ახალი 

სახელმწიფოები 

მაგ. ავსტრო-უნგრეთი 

”............................” 

187 

ომის შემდეგ წამოშობილი ახალი 

სახელმწიფოები 

მაგ. ჩეხოსლოვაკია 

”..........................” 

”...........................” 

”...........................” 

”...........................” 

”...........................”

”...........................” 

188 

”.............................” 

”..............................” 

davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli krebs furclebs 

da asworebs gakveTilis Semdeg, 

aqtivoba 4 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli yovel 

pasuxebs afasebs qulebiT. 


gakveTilis dasasruli

gakveTili 2 

Tema – meore msoflio omis Sedegebi 

gakveTilis mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian, ra SedegebiT 

damTavrda meore msoflio omi. imsjeleben am omiT 

miyenebuli zaralisa da msxverplis odenobaze. aseve 

gaecnibian niurnbegis procesis Sedegebs. 

enobrivi mizani - moswavleebi gaecnobian meore msoflio omis 

Seswavlisas gamosayenebel qarTul da saerTaSoriso 

terminlogias. 

Sesaswavli leqsika - meore msoflio omi, genocidi, leningradis 

blokada, nacizmi, niurnbergis procesi, kolonia, 

msoflio ruka. 

funqciuri frazebi - daakvirdiT, waikiTxeT, gaecaniT, daasax- 


eleT, vin mipasuxebs, romel Tqvengans surs? vin daex- 

mareba amxanags? sqemis mixedviT pasuxi gaeciT Semdeg 

SekiTxvebs, SeavseT cxrilis grafebi, warmoadgineT 

Tqveni mosazrebebi werilobiT, samuSao furclebs 

daawereT Tqveni saxeli da gvari, daviwyoT Temis zo- 

gadi ganxilviT, axla gagacnobT gakveTilis Temasa da 

mizans, ras SeviswavliT am gakveTilze, gadaSaleT sax- 

elmZRvaneloebi, vin metyvis? vin mipasuxebs? daexmareT 

mopasuxes, Tu arsebobs sxva mosazreba, SekiTxvebi xom 

ar gaqvT? wera dasrulebulia - CamabareT nawerebi, sa- 

Sinao davaleba geqnebaT ... 

189

esursebi - maswavlebeli - dafa, carci. winaswar dabeWdili 

aqtivoba 1 

SekiTxvebi Tanamedrove msoflios politikuri ruka. 


wigni), rveuli, saweri furclebi, kalmistari. 

aqtivobebi 

maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs gakveTilis Temasa da mi- 

zans. maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvebs meore msoflio omis mizezeb- 

sa da mis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb. moswavleebi pasuxoben. 




- waikiTxeT 41 paragrafis ”meore msoflio omis Sedegebi” Sa- 

vi SriftiT gamoyofili Sesavali da werilobiT gaeciT pa- 

suxi Semdeg SekiTxvebs: 

maswavlebeli winaswar wers dafaze am SekiTxvebs an TiToeul mos- 

wavles urigebs dabeWdili saxiT. 

1. ramdeni qveyana iRebda monawileobas meore msoflio omSi? 

2. msoflios romel teritoriebze mimdinareobda omi? 

3. romeli koloniebi gaxdnen damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebi? 

4. germaniis romeli teritoriebi gadaeca poloneTsa da safran- 

geTs? 

5. ra teritoriebi Caigdo xelSi ssrk -ma? 

6. sul ramdeni milioni adamiani daiRupa am omSi? aqedan ramdeni 

iyo samxedro da ramdeni mSvidobiani moqalaqe? 

190

weris dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli amorCeviT iZaxebs erT mos- 

wavles da avalebs: 

- gaacani klass Seni pasuxebi. 

- 2, 3, 4, da 5 SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisas gamoiyene ruka. 

Tu gamomsvleli sworad ver pasuxobs, maswavlebeli ekiTxeba 

sxva moswavleebs. 

aqtivoba 1 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli qulebiT afa- 

sebs moswavleebs. 


aqtivoba 2 

maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvas, romelsac moswavleebma adgi- 

lidan unda upasuxon: 

- Tu SevadarebT I da II msoflio omebs, davinaxavT, rom mSvi- 

dobiani mosaxleobis msxverpli, rogorc raodenobrivad, 

aseve procentulad bevrad meti iyo II msoflio omSi, vidre 

- I -Si. ratom? gaixseneT wina gakveTilebi. 

maswavlebeli pasuxis mosafiqreblad moswavleebs garkveul 

dros aZlevs. 

mosafiqrebeli drois gasvlis Semdeg, maswavlebeli amorCeviT 

iZaxebs erT moswavles. 

pasuxis gacemisas SesaZlebelia moswavleebs Soris gaimarTos 

diskusia, rasac maswavlebelma xeli unda Seuwyos 

aqtivoba 2 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli moswavleebs 

Semdegi kriteriumebiT afasebs (am kriteriumebs maswavlebeli wi- 

naswar acnobs moswavleebs) da am kriteriumebis mixedviT wers qu- 

lebs, iyenebs aTqulian sistemas: 


პრობლემის განხილვამდე აყალიბებს ძირითად 

თეზისს 

191

მსჯელობა გამყარებულია არგუმენტებით 

საუბრობს ლოგიკურად და დამაჯერებლად 

aqtivoba 3 





- gaecaniT 41 paragrafSi ”meore msoflio omis Sedegebi” 

mocemul sqemas - ”meore msoflio omSi daRupuli 

adamianebis raodenoba” 

- am sqemis mixedviT pasuxi gaeciT Semdeg SekiTxvebs: 

- maswavlebeli am SekiTxvebs winaswar wers dafaze an 

TiToeul moswavles urigebs dabeWdili saxiT. 

1. CamowereT xuTi qveyana, romlesac yvelaze meti 

adamiani daeRupa: 

raodenobrivad 

procentulad 


samxedro daeRupa. 


mSvidobiani moqalaqe daeRupa. 

4. romel qveyanaSi daiRupa yvelaze meti ebraeli? 

5. romeli kontinentis mosaxleoba daiRupa yvelaze meti? 

- gaiTvaliswineT 1-el SekiTxvaSi raodenobrivi da 

procentuli maCveneblebi SeiZleba erTmaneTs ar daemTxves. 

davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli krebs furclebs da 

asworebs gakveTilis Semdeg, 

192

aqtivoba 3 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli yovel 

pasuxebs afasebs qulebiT. 

aqtivoba 4 


maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs saSinao davalebas: 

- Tqven gevalebaT saxlSi daweroT Txzuleba; 

- gaecnaiT 41 paragrafSi ”meore msoflio omis Sedegebi” 

ganTavsebul suraTebs da waikiTxeT am paragrafis bolo 

monakveTi, romelSic saubaria niurnbergis procesze. aseve 

gadaavleT Tvali wina paragrafebs, romelSic saubaria 

nacistur germaniaze da dawereT Txzuleba (igi minimum 

erTi gverdi unda iyos). am Txzulebis saTauria: 

”imsaxurebdnen Tu ara nacizmis liderebi sikvdiliT 

dasjas?” 

aqtivoba 4 fasdeba Semdegnairad: maswavlebeli moswavleTa 

nawerebs Semdegi kriteriumebiT afasebs (am kriteriumebs 

maswavlebeli winaswar acnobs moswavleebs) da am kriteriumebis 

mixedviT wers qulebs, iyenebs aTqulian sistemas: 


თხზულების შესავალში აყალიბებს ძირითად 

თეზისს 

მსჯელობა გამყარებულია არგუმენტებით 

მსჯელობს ლოგიკურად 

მსჯელობა ობიექტურია 



193

ekomendebuli funqciuri frazebi sxvadasxva 

sagnis maswavleblebisTvis 

1. misalmeba da socialuri kontaqti 

_ dila mSvidobisa! 

_ gamajobaT! rogor brZandebiT? 

_ gamarjobaT, bavSvebo! dasxediT! 

_ gamajobaT! daviwyoT muSaoba! 

_ mogesalmebiT! daikaveT Tqveni adgilebi! 

2. moswavlis gamokiTxva, misi gamoZaxebis gziT 

_ ... (moswavlis saxeli), modi, geTayva, mogviyevi ... ! 

_ ... (moswavlis saxeli), gTxov, gamodi dafasTan! 

194 

danarTi 

_ ... (moswavlis saxeli), SegiZlia ganmarto / Camoayalibo / daa- 

saxelo / dawero / gvaCveno ... ? 

_ ... (moswavlis saxeli), gTxov, ganmarte / Camoayalibe / daasax- 

ele / CamoTvale / dawere / gvaCvene ... ! 

3. movaleobebis gadanawileba 

_ msurvelebi xom ar arian? 

_ mWirdeba damxmare, romelic... . 

_ romel Tqvengans surs? 

_ aris vinme, vinc mzad iqneboda... ? 

_ Tu arc erTs ar surs, maSin gTxov Sen, ... (moswavlis saxeli), 

moitane / gaarkvie... ! 

_ me gavanawileb movaleobebs.

_ kargi, ... (moswavlis saxeli), gTxov moitane...! xolo Sen, ... 

(moswavlis saxeli), unda gawmindo dafa! 

_ Semdeg kviraSi ... (moswavlis saxeli) da ... (moswavlis saxeli) 

Seasruleben Semdeg movaleobebs: ... 

_ Semdeg kviraSi morigeebi iqnebian ... (moswavlis saxeli) da ... 

(moswavlis saxeli). 

_ ... (moswavlis saxeli), gTxov, daarige furclebi / gawminde 

dafa / moitane wignebi / daalage klasi / gaaRe fanjara! 

neli! 

_ ... (moswavlis saxeli), Sen iqnebi TamaSis wamyvani / xelmZRva- 

4. gancxadebebi 

_ dRes viwyeb axal Temas ... -is Sesaxeb. 

_ gakveTilis bolos Catardeba testi / Tavisufal Temaze ... . 

_ axla gagacnobT sakontrolo samuSaos Sedegebs. 

_ Semdeg gakveTilze muzeumSi mivdivarT eqskursiaze. 

_ xval mokle gakveTili iqneba, radganac skolaSi Tojinebis 

Teatris speqtakli / sportuli Sejibri / maswavlebelTa kreba 

tardeba. 

_ momaval kviraSi / Semdeg gakveTilze sakontrolo weraa. 

_ paraskevs, 18 saaTze mSobelTa krebaa. 

_ yuradReba! gakveTilebis cxrili Seicvala! 

_ am gakveTilis Semdeg ... . 

5. saSinao davalebebis akreba 

_ gadaSaleT Tqveni rveulebi. 

_ saSinao davaleba yvelam ukve dawera / Seasrula / gaakeTa / 

gaigo / SeZlo dasruleba. 

195

6. wina gakveTilis Temis gameoreba 

_ gasul / wina gakveTilze Cven vsaubrobdiT / davwereT ... . 

_ gavimeoroT mTavari cnebebi! 

_ gaixseneT cnebebi, romelic ganvixileT ... ! 

_ ra darCa TqvenTvis gaugebari wina gakveTilze axsnili 

masalidan? 

_ gavixsenoT ramdenime faqti / TariRi / cneba / wesi / mizezebi / 

warmoqnis mizezebi! 

_ daasaxeleT wina gakveTilze naswavli terminebi! 

_ CamoayalibeT ...! 

_ gadaSaleT wignebi da gaimeoreT ...! 

7. axali Temis wardgena 

_ am kviraSi ganvagrZob saubars ...-is Sesaxeb. 

_ dRes gavecnobiT ... . 

_ daviwyoT ... Temis ganxilva / Seswavla. 

_ dRes SevavsebT ... -is Sesaxeb Semajamebel cxrils. 

_ aseTi problemis gadawyvetas SevecdebiT: ... . 

_ Tqven ras fiqrobT, ra aris ... ? 

_ dRes wina gakveTilze dawyebul Temis ... Sesaxeb gavagrZelebT 

musaobas / saubars. 

8. Temis, konkretuli detalebis ganmarteba: 

8.1. SekiTxvebi 

Txovna, gamoTqvan azri: 

_ ras fiqrob am sakiTxze / Temaze / mosazrebaze? 

_ ra azri / warmodgena gaqvs am sakiTxze? 

_ ras fiqrob ...-ze? 

_ eTanxmebi am mosazrebas / gamonaTqvams? 

196

_ safuZvlianad geCveneba es Tu ara? 

_ Sen ra mosazreba gaqvs? 

_ eTanxmebi amas? 

_ Sen rogor geCveneba? 

SekiTxvebi faqtebis Sesaxeb: 

_ romelia udidesi ... ? 

_ ra aris umTavresi ... ? 

_ rodis daiwyo / dasrulda ... ? 

_ sad mdebareobs ... ? 

_ ra simaRlisaa... ? 

_ romel jgufs miekuTvneba ... ? 

_ sad gaemgzavra ... ? 

_ ramden xans iarseba ... ? 

_ ra iyo ... ? 

Txovna, ganmarton: 

_ es rogor xdeba? 

_ Seni sityvebiT agvixseni! 

_ ra aris am moqmedebis mizezebi / Sedegebi? 

_ risTvis iqneboda es sasargeblo ... ? 

_ ratom moxda ... ? 

_ rogor gaxda ... ? 

Txovna, daamtkicon: 

_ SegiZlia ganmarto amwuTas naTqvami? 

_ SegiZlia daamtkico Seni mosazreba / gamonaTqvami? 

_ SegiZlia raime dokumentis / avtoritetuli avtoris citireba? 

_ es mosazreba safuZvlianad geCveneba? 

ras fiqroben danarCenebi? 

197

daskvnis gakeTebis Txovna 

_ gTxov, miTxari ra aris am TavSi / naSromSi ZiriTadi / 

mniSvnelovani? 

_ ra iyo am Tavis / naSromis mTavari azri? 

_ gTxov, am Tavis / naSromis / Temis Sesaxeb Sesaxeb mokle 

Sinaarsi dawere! 

_ rogor ggonia, ra iyo umniSvnelovanesi TariRebi / movlenebi / 

adgilebi am ... ? 

8.2. plakatebis da sxva vizualuri masalis 

gamoyeneba 

_ plakatze gamosaxulia / naCvenebia ... . 

_ dRevandel gakveTilze gamoviyenebT plakats / sqemas / films, 

raTa vnaxoT ... . 

_ ras adasturebs es eqsperimenti / es savarjiSoebi...? 

_ wignSi mocemuli naxatebi / gamosaxulebebi / cxrilebi 

gvaZlevs informacias ... . 

_ rukaze / wignSi / cxrilSi / koleqciaSi / cxrilSi SegiZliaT 

ixiloT ... . 

_ ra saintereso faqtebi / movlenebi naxeT am ... ? 

8.3. terminologia 

_ gavimeoroT aTvisebuli terminebi! 

_ amoiwere terminebi teqstidan! ganmarte isini! 

_ ipove teqstSi terminis aseTi ganmarteba: ... ! 

_ es sityva ... TargmanSi niSnavs ... . 

_ es termini rveulSi CaviniSnoT! 

198

8.4. mniSvnelobis, Targmanis Sesaxeb SekiTxvebi 

_ ra aris am sityvis mniSvneloba / cnebis definicia? 

_ es cneba Seni sityvebiT ganmarte! 

_ rogor iTargmneba es ... enaze? 

_ rogor iTqmis es ... enaze? 

8.5. kiTxva 

_ waikiTxe teqsti wignis ... gverdze! 

_ ra aris teqstis mTavari azri / dedaazri? 

_ waikiTxe teqsti da dawere gegma / mokle Sinaarsi! 

_ ipove teqstSi aseT kiTxvebze pasuxebi: ... ! 

8.6. Temebis dakavSireba axali Temis axsnis dros 

movlenebis Tanmimdevroba 

_ pirvel rigSi, ... , Semdeg ... . 

_ daviwyoT imiT, rom ... . 

_ upirveles yovlisa ... . 

_ Tavidan ... . 

_ daaxloebiT 2000 wels ... . 

_ maSin ... da Semdeg ... . 

_ ese igi ... amis Sedegad ... . 

_ am drois ganmavlobaSi ... . 

_ da bolos ... . 

_ dasasrul ... . 

movlenebis mniSvneloba: 

_ yvelaze mniSvnelovani, rac unda gavigoT, aris ... . 

_ mTavari problema is iyo, rom ... . 

199

_ kidev ufro mniSvnelovani is iyo, rom ... . 

_ gasaocari is iyo, rom ... . 

azris gamoTqma: 

_ Cemi azriT, ... . 

_ me vfiqrob, rom ... . 

_ me mimaCnia, rom ... . 

_ me vityodi, rom ... . 

_ SesaZlebelia, ise iyos, rom ... ? 

_ SesaZlebelia, rom ... . 

_ me maqvs eWvi, rom ... . 

_ me vgrZnob, rom ... . 

_ veWvob, rom ... . 

_ oficialuri azri aris - ... . 

SeTavazeba: 

_ me maqvs SemoTavazeba ... . 

_ SegviZlia ... . 

_ iqneb SegviZlia ... ? 

_ erTi xerxi, romlis daxmarebiTac SegviZlia situaciis gaum- 

jobeseba, aris ... . 

_ ar SegviZlia ... ? 

_ iqneb mogvesinja ... . 

_ Tqvens adgilze me movsinjavdi ... . 

_ adre Cven yovelTvis ... . 

_ tradiciuli midgoma aseTia: ... . 

_ ase moviqceT: ... . 

_ xom ar ajobebda, rom ... ? 

200

aime TemaSi CaRrmaveba: 

_ aqve ... . 

_ kidev ... . 

_ kidev ufro ... . 

_ aq gviCndeba SekiTxva ... . 

_ Tumca, ZiriTadi azri isaa, rom ... . 

_ am faqtma SeiZleba aseT sakiTxze dagva- 

fiqros: ... . 

_ mindoda Tqveni yuradReba kidev erTi aspeqtisTvis / 

garemoebisTvis / faqtisTvis / sakiTxisTvis mimeqcia. 

_ ara mxolod es, aramed aseT ... . 

_ garda imisa, rom ... . 

_ aqve davZendi, rom ... . 

mizezebis ganmarteba: 

_ es im mizezebis gamo moxda: ... . 

_ amitomac ... . 

_ am mizeziT ... . 

_ imasTan dakavSirebiT ... . 

_ amis gamo ... . 

_ ase ... . 

_ amis Sedegad ... . 

_ Sesabamisad ... . 

_ amgvarad ... . 

_ es aris imis mizezi, rom ... . 

winaswar gansazRvruli situaciebi, winapirobebi: 

Tu ase moxdeba, maSin ... . 

roca ase xdeba, Cveulebriv ... . 

201

ogorc ki es moxdeba, SegviZlia davelodoT ... . 

Tu rodesme aseTi situaciis mowmeni gaxdebiT, yuradRebiT daak- 

virdiT, rom ... . 

nu eliT, rom ... , sanam, upirveles yovlisa, ar iqneba ... . 

analizi: 

es aris ...-is magaliTi. 

es adasturebs, rom ... . 

es gavfiqrebinebs, rom ... . 

es SeiZleba niSnavdes, rom ... . 

es SeiZleba iyos ... SemTxveva. es amtkicebs, rom ... . 

amis interpretireba SeiZleba, rogorc ... . 

moswavlis naTqvamis gameoreba: 

_ axla Sen ambob, rom ... . 

_ sxva sityvebiT vityodi, ... . 

_ Tu sworad gagige, gindoda geTqva, rom ... . 

_ Seni naTqvamis gameorebiT ... . 

_ Sen migaCnia, rom ... . 

wina naTqvamSi Sesworebebis Setana: 

_ amiT mindoda meTqva, rom ... . 

_ amis safuZvelze vfiqrob, rom ... . 

_ vcdilob giTxraT, rom ... . 

_ imaves vityvi sxva sityvebiT: ... . 

roca mimzidvelad gamoiyureba: 

_ gamoiyureba ise, TiTqos ... , magram sinamdvileSi ... . 

_ erTi SexedviT SesaZloa ase mogeCvenebaT ... , magram, faqtobri- 

vad ... . 

202

upiratesoba: 

_ me mirCevnia, rom ... . 

_ me ufro momwons, roca Tqven ... . 

eWvis gamoTqma: 

_ eg SesaZlebelia, magram ... . 

_ eg simarTlea, magram Tu dafiqrebulxar, rom ... . 

_ geTanxmebi, magram gaiTvaliswine, rom ... . 

_ eg kargi azria, erTaderTi ... . 

_ ki, oRond gaxsovdes, rom ... . 

_ eg SesaZlebelia, magram Tu gaiTvaliswine is faqti, rom ... . 

sakiTxis sxva aspeqtze yuradRebis gadatana: 

_ SesaZlebelia, magram ... . 

_ ar dagaviwydes, rom ... . 

_ rasac Sen ambob, marTalia, Tumca ... . 

_ me mainc mgonia, rom ... . 

ganmartebis Txovna: 

_ SegiZlia ganmarto, rogor ... ? 

_ gTxov gangvimarte Seni pasuxi / azri! 

_ SegiZlia ganmarto, ratom airCie es pasuxi? 

_ gTxov, gaSale Seni pasuxi! 

_ es imas niSnavs, Sen fiqrob, rom ... ? 

ganzogadeba: 

_ saerTod ... . 

_ zogadad Tu ganvixileT ... . 

_ zogadad saubrisas ... . 

203

ame? 

_ Cveulebriv ... . 

_ rogorc yovelTvis ... . 

_ tipobrivia is, rom ... . 

8.9. codnis Semowmeba da gasameorebeli kiTxvebi 

_ yvelaferi gaigeT? 

_ SekiTxvebi xom ar gaqvT? 

_ ... wakiTxvis / mosmenis / yurebis Semdeg gaugebari xom ar aris 

_ ras niSnavs es termini / cneba / warmodgena? 

_ gTxovT, Tqveni sityvebiT gadmosceT! 

_ am TavSi / naSromSi / TemaSi romelia sami mTavari nawili? 

_ ra iyo amis naklovaneba / gamomwvevi mizezebi / safuZveli? 

_ rogori Sedegebi gamoiwvia arCevnebma / skandalma / gamoyofam 

/ gaerTianebam? 

saxeb. 

_ rogori gamoxmaureba / Sedegebi mohyva am movlenebs? 

9. miTiTebebi samuSaos organizebis Sesaxeb 

jgufuri samuSao 

_ dRes Cven jgufebSi / wyvilebSi vmuSaobT! 

_ daiyaviT patara jgufebad 3-dan 5-mde adamiani jgufSi! 

_ danarCens wyvilebSi muSaobiT SevasrulebT! 

_ davaleba jgufSi waikiTxeT! 

_ dawereT ... , ris Sesaxebac SeTanxmdiT! 

_ dainawileT movaleobebi jgufSi! 

_ 15 wuTis Semdeg unda moyveT Tqveni samuSaos / miRwevebis Se- 

_ jgufidan erTi adamiani gamoyaviT / airCieT jgufSi erTi ada- 

miani, romelic Tqvens azrs gagvacnobs da erTi - romelic infor- 

macias Caiwers! 

204

miTiTebebi jgufSi diskusiis dros 

_ pirvel rigSi, daiyaviT jgufebad! 

_ pirvel jgufs eqneba Tema ... , meore jgufs eqneba ... da mesame 

jgufs eqneba ... . 

_ airCieT erTi, vinc ilaparakebs da erTi adamiani, vinc yvela- 

fers Caiwers! 

_ TiToeulma moswavlem unda moamzados moTxroba Tavisi idee- 

bis / faqtebis da maTi CarTviT / maT gaacnos danarCenebi. 

_ gTxov, Cvenc gagvacani Seni azri! 

_ Sen ra azris xar? 

_ Sen rogor fiqrob? 

_ mogviyevi! 

_ Seadare Seni mosazreba jgufis mosazrebas! 

_ isaubre da sakiTxi ganixile Seni jgufis wevrebTan! 

_ daasabuTe Seni mosazreba magaliTebis / konkretuli faqtebis 

daxmarebiT! 

_ roca Tqvens jgufebSi yvelani mzad iqnebiT, mogviyveT, Tu ra 

gaakeTeT, Cven yuradRebiT mogismenT. 

_ Seni referati / aRmoCena yvelas gagvacani! 

_ daakonkrete Seni ideebi! 

_ sxvebsac SesTavaze azri gamoTqvan da SekiTxvebi dasvan! 

TamaSebi rolebis ganawilebiT 

_ dRe rolebSi TamaSi monawileobas miiReben ... . 

_ gTxovT, gadiT da derefanSi daicadeT! 

_ rolebis CamonaTvali waikiTxeT! 

_ TamaSi wamyvani iqneba ... . 

_ airCieT da gainawileT rolebi Tqvens jgufSi! 

_ mayureblebo, daaxasiaTeT msaxiobebi! 

205

individualuri davalebebi 

_ amjerad individualurad vmuSaobT! 

_ yuradRebiT waikiTxe davaleba! 

_ damoukideblad Seavse / Seasrule ... ! 

_ ipove ... / Seadare ... / daadgine ... / daaskveni ... / gvanaxe ... / 

daamtkice, rom ... / ipove ... / Camoayalibe ... / daajgufe ... / aRniSne ... 

/ moniSne ... / gamoikvlie ... / demonstrireba gaakeTe ... / aRwere ... ! 

_ Sens gankargulebaSi 10 wuTia. 

_ SeTxze ambavi am sityvebis gamoyenebiT! 

_ waSale zedmeti sityvebi! 

_ gamoiyene cxrili / ruka / atlasi / sayrdeni sityvebi! 

_ ipove / moZebne saxelmZRvaneloSi / ... gverdze / rukaze ... ! 

_ daajgufe ... warmoSobis / zomis / simaRlis / mniSvnelovnebis 

mixedviT! 

_ Seadare sididis / farTis mixedviT! 

_ mocemuli gegmis mixedviT aRwere ... ! 

_ Seadgine ... sqema! 

_ gaarkvie ... wyoba / funqciebi! 

sakontrolo samuSaoebi da gamocdebi 

_ airCieT / moniSneT swori pasuxi! 

_ gadaxazeT araswori debuleba / sityvebi! 

_ teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg upasuxeT kiTxvebs da SeavseT 

tabula! 

_ wereT fanqriT / pastiT! 

_ am davalebis Sesrulebis dros ar SeiZleba koreqtoris / 

leqsikonis / saxelmZRvanelos gamoyeneba. 

_ moifiqreT da uwodeT gamosaxulebas saxeli! 

_ ganmarteT am sityvaTa mniSvneloba! 

206

saSinao davalebebi 

_ gadaSaleT dRiurebi da CaiwereT ... ! 

_ Semdegi kviris ganmavlobaSi dawereT Tema ... Sesaxeb! 

_ dawereT moTxrobis / statiis / Tavis gegma! 

_ gaxazeT mTavari! 

_ saxlSi unda iswavloT ... Tavis mexuTedan meSvide gverdamde. 

10. aTvisebuli Temis mokle Sinaarsi 

_ dRes Tqven gaigeT ... . 

_ dRevandeli Temis umTavresi nawili iyo ... . 

_ axla Tamamad SegviZlia ganvacxadoT, rom ... . 

_ warmodgena SeviqmeniT ... Sesaxeb. 

_ mokled rom vTqvaT, ... . 

_ yovelive naTqvamis gaTvaliswinebiT, ... . 

_ adre naswavlis gameorebis Sedegad, ... . 

11. klasis gakontroleba 

_ gTxovT yuradRebas! 

_ nu laparakobT! 

_ imuSaveT damoukideblad! 

_ gTxovT, nu xmaurobT! 

_ wynarad isxediT! 

_ imuSaveT odnav Cumad! 

_ iyaviT yuradRebiT! 

_ usafrTxoebis wesebi daicaviT! 

_ nu uSli sxvebs! 

12. Sefaseba 

_ gmadlobT samuSaosTvis! 

207

daT! 

_ Zalian kargi namuSevaria. 

_ dRes kargi Sedegebi gvqonda! 

_ es Sen / Tqven Zalian kargad / kargad gamogivida / gamogivi- 

_ mSvenieria! brwyinvalea! sakmaod kargia! 

_ brwyinvale naSromia! 

_ mSvenieri azria! 

_ kargi pasuxia! 

_ Tqveni naSromebi Sinaarsiani da sainteresoa. 

_ yvelaferi SevZeliT, rac gvqonda dagegmili. 

_ dRes Tqven kargad imuSaveT! 

_ ratom ar aris yvela piroba Sesrulebuli? 

_ rogor moxda, rom ar aris ... ? 

_ Tqven zedapirulad imuSaveT. 

_ ratom ar gadaamowmeT faqtebi? 

_ es saerTod ar Seexeba am Temas. 

_ ase Tu imuSaveT, Sors ver wavalT. 

_ am naSroms azri saerTod ar aqvs. 

_ darwmunebuli var ukeT SegeZlo. 

_ SemdgomSi meti yuradReba miaqcie ... . 

_ Sengan ukeTes / ufro moculobiT pasuxs velodi. 

_ unda Seecado da kidev ukeTesi gamova. 

_ ise, ara uSavs, magram dagaviwyda dagewera / gagexaza / 

gamogeTvala / dagemtkica ... . 

13. dasasruli 

_ raime SekiTxvebi xom ar gaqvT? 

_ yvelaferi gasagebia? 

_ Semdeg gakveTilze gavagrZelebT. 

_ momeciT dRiurebi, niSnebs CagiwerT! 

208

_ Semdeg gakveTilze moitaneT ... . 

_ yvelaze kargi Sedegebi dRes ... hqondaT. 

_ gaxsovdeT, rom xval unda wamoiRoT ... ! 

_ ar dagaviwydeT, rom xval gakveTili 09:45 -ze daiwyeba! 

14. damSvidobeba 

_ momaval Sexvedramde! 

_ SevxvdebiT Semdeg gakveTilze! 

_ warmatebiT! 

_ gmadlobT, dReisTvis sul es aris. 

_ Tavisuflebi xarT. 

_ gmadlobT yuradRebisTvis. 

_ kargad iyaviT, Semdeg Sexvedramde! 

209

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gamomcemloba 

`saimedo~ 

212

saxelmZRvanelo gamoicema euTos erovnul umciresobaTa ...

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