erovnebaTaSorisi urTierTobebis marTva meToduri saxelmZRvanelo
erovnebaTaSorisi urTierTobebis marTva meToduri saxelmZRvanelo
erovnebaTaSorisi urTierTobebis marTva meToduri saxelmZRvanelo
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<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong><br />
<strong>urTierTobebis</strong><br />
<strong>marTva</strong><br />
<strong>meToduri</strong> <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong><br />
jana javaxiSvilisa da nodar sarjvelaZis<br />
redaqciiT<br />
2007 weli, Tbilisi
saavtoro koleqtivi:<br />
jana javaxiSvili<br />
nodar sarjvelaZe<br />
medea CxaiZe<br />
qeTevan xafava<br />
ia wulaia<br />
ekaterine pavermani<br />
nino SuSania<br />
salome sabelaSvili<br />
teqnikuri redaqtori:<br />
nana fruiZe<br />
dizaineri:<br />
giorgi bagrationi<br />
© adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi, 2007<br />
daibeWda gamomcemlobaSi `nekeri~, 2007<br />
ISBN: 978-99940-910-7-2
sarCevi<br />
madliereba .............................................................................................. 5<br />
winaTqma ..................................................................................................... 6<br />
nawili pirveli<br />
meTodologiis arsi .....................................................................12<br />
Tavi I. meTodologiis sazrisi anu meTodologiis `ratom~...........12<br />
I.1. mokle preistoria ...............................................................................12<br />
I.2. samizne jgufebi ...................................................................................13<br />
I.3. meTodologiis specifika da filosofia ...........................................13<br />
I.3.1. xedva .............................................................................................13<br />
I.3.2. meTodologiis komponentebi .....................................................14<br />
I.4. meTodologiis sabazo daSvebebi ........................................................17<br />
I.5. sabazo faseulobebi ............................................................................17<br />
Tavi II. meTodologiis aRwera komponentebis mixedviT,<br />
anu meTodologiis `rogor~ ....................................................17<br />
II.1. treningi ..............................................................................................17<br />
II.2. problemebis gadaWraze mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedrebi ......................... 20<br />
II.3. <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> kodeqsis Seqmnaze<br />
mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedra da kodeqsis xelmoweris aqcia ..........22<br />
nawili meore<br />
meTodologiis calkeuli komponentebis<br />
Sesabamisi modulebi, anu meTodologiis `ra~..................25<br />
Tavi I. <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> marTvis<br />
kompetenciis amaRlebis treningis moduli ...........................25<br />
treningis Sesavali ..................................................................................26<br />
Tema I. subieqturi realoba ......................................................................29<br />
Tema II. eTnikuroba da saxelmwifo mowyobis modelebi ..........................31<br />
Tema III. <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis<br />
maregulirebeli saerTaSoriso dokumentebi ..................................40<br />
Tema IV. <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> aRqma: stereotipebisa da<br />
diskriminaciis gacnobiereba da daZleva ........................................46<br />
Tema V. samoqalaqo integracia ................................................................54<br />
Tema VI eTnosTaSorisi problemebis analizi .........................................58<br />
Tema VII: <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> problemebis gadaWraze muSaoba ............................ 66<br />
treningis daskvniTi nawili ................................................................................... 71<br />
3
Tavi II. erovnebTaSorisi urTierTobis problemebis<br />
gadaWraze mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedris moduli .................85<br />
Tema I. mkvlevar-eqspertis roli da misi morgeba ....................................... 85<br />
Tema II. saWiroebaTa kvleva da proeqtTa ideebis bankis Seqmna ............... 87<br />
danarTi: proeqtebis ideaTa banki ....................................................................101<br />
Tavi III. erovnebTaSorisi urTierTobis eTikuri kodeqsis<br />
Seqmnaze mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedris moduli ................105<br />
danarTi:!<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis<br />
eTikuri kodeqsi samcxe-javaxeTis regionSi ..........................................109<br />
!<br />
avtorTa rekomendaciebi <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong><br />
urTierTobis marTvis treningisa<br />
da samuSao Sexvedrebis Casatareblad ....................................116<br />
!<br />
gamoyenebul terminTa ganmartebani ...............................................119<br />
gamoyenebuli litraturis sia .............................................................124<br />
avtorTa mokle biografiebi .......................................................127<br />
4
madliereba<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
proeqtis ganmaxorcielebli gundi da mocemuli wignis saavtoro<br />
koleqtivi gamouxatavs madlierebis grZnobas Semdeg institutebsa da<br />
pirovnebebs:<br />
evropis uSiSroebisa da TanamSromlobis organizaciis erovnul umciresobaTa<br />
dargSi umaRlesi komisris ofiss, pavlo bialikis, tata xunwarias<br />
da nino bolqvaZis saxiT, proeqtis ganxorcielebis procesSi mudmivi<br />
organizaciuli mxardaWerisa da TanamSromlobisaTvis;<br />
saqarTveloSi euTos erovnul umciresobaTa dargSi umaRlesi komisris<br />
ofisis integraciis programis yofil TanamSromlebs beatris Sulters,<br />
magdalena friCovas da gabriela butners proeqtis sawyis fazaSi<br />
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondTan ndobaze dafuZnebuli <strong>urTierTobebis</strong><br />
CamoyalibebisaTvis;<br />
yirgiz specialistebs mira karibaevasa da zulfia koCorbaevas, eTnos-<br />
TaSorisi <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong>Si uaRresad saintereso gamocdilebis<br />
gaziarebisaTvis;<br />
samcxe-javaxeTisa da qvemo qarTlis regionul koordinatorebsa da<br />
partniorebs: cira mesxiSvils, ivane baliaSvils, artur eremians, vaRarSak<br />
Saxbekians, nairi iricians, koba zedginiZes, biZina maisuraZes, razmik<br />
kumaSians, irma SveliZes, martin gabrelians, grigol jvariZes, maqsim<br />
mahtesians, ramin bucxrikiZes, Taqui varTanians, Temur ZaZamias, leila<br />
suleimanovas, vladimer WanturiZes, Temur devnozaSvils, naTia mindiaSvils,<br />
nona xCoians, qeTevan merebaSvils, gulnara SoSitaiSvils –<br />
proeqtis msvlelobaSi gaweuli profesiuli saqmianobisaTvis;<br />
samcxe-javaxeTisa da qvemo qarTlis 441 sajaro moxeles, proeqtis<br />
msvlelobaSi aqtiuri monawileobisaTvis;<br />
samcxe-javaxeTis regionSi prezidentis rwmunebuls giorgi xaCiZes da<br />
rwmunebulis aparats armen amirxanianisa da papuna xaCiZis saxiT;<br />
qvemo qarTlis regionSi prezidentis rwmunebuls zurab meliqiSvils<br />
da mis moadgiles zaqro darCiaSvils;<br />
eqspertebs gia nodiasa da lia meliqiSvils proeqtis farglebSi<br />
Seqmnili <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> eTikuri kodeqsis saeqsperto<br />
SefasebisaTvis;<br />
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondis TanamSromlebs eTer<br />
cincaZes, nodar maminaiSvils, mamuka erqomaiSvils da sofio verulaSvils<br />
metad saintereso pedagogiuri da kvleviT-analitikuri samuSaosaTvis;<br />
fsiqologebs marina baliaSvils, TinaTin CxeiZes, elene ComaxiZes,<br />
ekaterine jioevasa da nikolas lous mocemuli wignis rusulad da<br />
inglisurad TargmnisaTvis.<br />
5
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
winaTqma<br />
`warmoidgineT, rom erT mSvenier dRes msoflioSi yvela xalxi<br />
mSvidobianad Tanacxovrobs ...~<br />
am SemTxvevaSi samyaros iseTi unikaluri resursi, rogoricaa eTnos-<br />
Ta, kulturaTa, religiaTa gansxvavebuloba, maTi urTierTdamokidebuleba<br />
da am urTierTdamokidebulebis dinamika - srulfasovnad amoqmedebul<br />
da realizebul iqneba; igi veRar gaxdeba politikuri manipulaciebisa da<br />
Sesabamisad, SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis mizezi, sababi Tu sagani, rac<br />
dRevandeli gadasaxedidan, msoflio istoriis perspeqtivaSi, cxovrebis<br />
normad Tu ara, cxovrebiseul mocemulobad iqca.<br />
realistebi rom viyoT, unda vaRiaroT, rom amgvari situaciis miRweva<br />
dRes sakmarisad utopiurad gamoiyureba; samagierod, misi warmodgena<br />
namdvilad SesaZlebeli da realisturia.<br />
magram ra faseuloba aqvs mis warmodgenas? Sesabamisad, ra xibli aqvs<br />
jon lenonis cnobil simReras? albaT dasawyisSive icaniT da mixvdiT, rom<br />
Cven ar SegveSinda wignis dawyeba misi am `hitad~ qceul simReraSi gaJRerebuli<br />
winadadebiT; ram ganapiroba rom igi, ukve meoTxedi saukunea, aqtualuria<br />
da ar `cvdeba`? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad iseT ganzomilebas SemovitanT,<br />
rogoricaa aucilebloba: ama Tu im sasurveli mdgomareobis warmodgena<br />
aucilebelia.<br />
saqme isaa, Tu ar warmoidgine, Tu ras gsurs rom miaRwio, ver airCev<br />
Seni moZraobis mimarTulebas, Sens saval gzas. es ki yvelaze mTavari adamianuri<br />
arCevania, romlis gareSe cxovrebas sazrisi ekargeba. aq,<br />
SesaZloa, gavixsenoT andaza, romlis Tanaxmad advilia mozaikis milioni<br />
nawilakiT aago figura, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ici ras ageb. xolo Tu ar ici,<br />
maSin, erTi mxriv, cdisa da Secdomis meTodis tyveobaSi eqcevi; meore<br />
mxriv - ganwiruli xar, rom adre Tu gvian gza agebneva.<br />
saqme agreTve isaa, rom sxvadasxva kulturaTa, eTnosTa da religiaTa<br />
mSvidobiani da nayofieri Tanacxovreba imgvari idealisturi mizania,<br />
romlis ganxorcieleba swored iq iwyeba, sadac maszed muSaoba, anu<br />
sasurveli Sedegis warmodgena da misi mimarTulebiT svla iwyeba.<br />
Cveni wigni da upirveles yovlisa, proeqti, romlis ganxorcielebis<br />
safuZvelzec is daiwera, swored am mSvidobis gzaze gadadgmul ramdenime<br />
nabijs warmoadgens.<br />
iareT CvenTan erTad!<br />
6
* * *<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
yvelaferi ki ai ase daiwyo: 2004 wlis oqtomberi iyo. qalbatonma<br />
beatris Sulterma, euTos erovnul umciresobaTa dargSi umaRlesi komisris<br />
saqarTvelos proeqtebis koordinatorma, dagviniSna Sexvedra.<br />
beatrisma mkafiod Camogviyaliba amocana: euTos erovnul umciresobaTa<br />
dargSi umaRles komisars saqarTveloSi surs ganaxorcielos erovneba-<br />
TaSorisi <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> marTvis efeqturobis amaRlebaze mimarTuli<br />
proeqti samcxe-javaxeTis regionSi. proeqti moazrebuli iyo, rogorc<br />
samcxe-javaxeTis regionis 6 raionis (ninowminda, axalqalaqi, axalcixe,<br />
adigeni, borjomi da aspinZa) sajaro moxeleTa treningi <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong><br />
<strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong>Si, am sferoSi maTi kompetenciis amaRlebis mizniT.<br />
qalbaton SulterTan saubarSi gairkva, rom yirgizeTSi euTos xaziT<br />
warmatebiT ganxorcielda analogiuri proeqti - treningTa seria, da am<br />
gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, euTos egidiT, samcxe-javaxeTSi ukve moxda<br />
yirgizi specialistebis mier treningis saWiroebis Sefaseba, ris safuZvelzec<br />
unda dagegmiliyo muSaoba.<br />
Cveni sapasuxo SeTavazeba Semdegi iyo: <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong><br />
marTvis proeqti samcxe-javaxel sajaro moxeleebTan ar Semofargluliyo<br />
mxolod treningiT da proeqtis Tematuri formati gagvefarTovebina kidev<br />
ori amocaniT, ris Sedegadac momavali samuSao daeyrdnoboda 3 fundamentur<br />
`boZs~: 1. <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> efeqturi marTvisa da<br />
tolerantobis treningi; 2. samcxe-javaxeTis regionSi <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong><br />
klimatis gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli erToblivi qarTul-somxuri proeqtebis<br />
ideaTa bankis Seqmna da 3. <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> zneobrivi<br />
principebisa da eTikuri kodeqsis dokumentis SemuSaveba.<br />
Cvens mier sakiTxis aseTi dayeneba emsaxureboda integraciis amocanebs<br />
da efuZneboda Semdeg mniSvnelovan sabazo debulebebs:<br />
- <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> efeqturi <strong>marTva</strong> gulisxmobs<br />
rogorc codnasa da Sesabamis unar-Cvevebs, aseve perspeqtiul saproeqto<br />
qmedebebsa da zneobriv orientirebs;<br />
- ar aris sakmarisi sakiTxis samarTlebriv-iuridiuli aspeqtebis<br />
codna, saWiroa gansazRvro da daadgino am urTierTobaTa zneobriveTikuri<br />
principebi da regulatorebi; amasTan erTad, saWiroa pozitiuri<br />
qmedebis neba da perspeqtiul wamowyebaTa inicireba <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong><br />
<strong>urTierTobebis</strong> sferoSi;<br />
- <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobebi ar arsebobs mzamzareuli nimuSebis<br />
saxiT, isini SemoqmedebiTi ZalisxmeviT unda aSenon adamianebma; gansakuTrebiT<br />
ki maT, vis xelSicaa marTvis sadaveebi centrsa da regionebSi.<br />
qalbatonma beatrisma imTaviTve aitaca es ideebi da euTos erovnul<br />
umciresobaTa dargSi umaRlesi komisris ofissa da adamianis resursebis<br />
ganviTarebis fonds Soris imTaviTve Camoyalibda SemoqmedebiTi Tana-<br />
7
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
mSromlobis atmosfero. rogorc Camoyalibebis, aseve ganxorcielebis<br />
dros es SemoqmedebiTi suliskveTeba mudmivad Tan axlda proeqts.<br />
2006 wlidan proeqtis ganxorcieleba daiwyo, agreTve, qvemo qarTlis<br />
regionSi, da moicva q. rusTavi, dmanisi, bolnisi, gardabani, walka, TeTri<br />
wyaro, marneuli.<br />
* * *<br />
Cveni <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s mizania, gavarRvioT is sainformaciomeTodologiuri<br />
vakuumi da umoqmedoba, rac eTnosTaSorisi <strong>urTierTobebis</strong><br />
gaumjobesebaze muSaobis TvalsazrisiT arsebobs Cven qveyanaSi.<br />
saqarTvelos dRevandeli mdgomareoba SeiZleba aRiweros iseTi maxasiaTeblebiT,<br />
rogoricaa: gaxangrZlivebuli politikur-ekonomikuri da<br />
socialuri krizisi, gadatanili SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis wyeba, `gayinvis~<br />
stadiaSi gadasuli eTno-politikuri konfliqtebi; Sedegad, qveynis<br />
darRveuli mTlianoba da sazogadoebis fragmentacia. am fonze sagrZnobia<br />
gaucxoeba sxvadasxva eTnosis warmomadgenlebs Soris; ar SevcdebiT,<br />
Tu vityviT, rom qveynis mosaxleoba (rogorc satitulo eri, aseve eTnikuri<br />
umciresobebi) <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis Temas amJamad safrTxis<br />
Semcvelad aRiqvams da ufro xSirad eWvis, undoblobisa da SiSis<br />
TvaliT uyurebs. is dumili da umoqmedoba, romelic, samwuxarod, prevalirebs<br />
profesiuli Temisa da Sesabamisi uwyebebis mxridan am mimarTulebiT,<br />
kidev ufro amZimebs arsebul viTarebas.<br />
vimedovnebT, rom Cvens mier SemoTavazebuli <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong> Seitans<br />
wvlils arsebuli vakuumisa da umoqmedobis daZlevaSi da Cvens qveyanaSi<br />
mcxovreb sxvadasxva eTnosTa warmomadgenlebs Soris gaucxoebis gadalaxvaSi,<br />
saTanado profesionalTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebis gziT.<br />
amdenad, Cveni <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong> gankuTvnilia yvela im profesionalisa-<br />
Tvis, romelsac Tavis yoveldRiur praqtikaSi <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTier-<br />
Tobebis sakiTxebze muSaoba uxdeba, an apirebs rom es gaixados moRvaweobis<br />
prioritetad. es, rasakvirvelia, ar zRudavs wignis potenciur momxmarebelTa<br />
speqtrs. <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s wakiTxva da gacnoba udaod sasargeblo<br />
iqneba im pirTaTvis, romelTac erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobaTa Tematika<br />
zogadad ainteresebT, anda sakuTari kompetenciis gaRrmaveba<br />
surT am mimarTulebiT; magram, rac Seexeba <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s praqtikul<br />
gamoyenebas, gvinda dabejiTebiT gavusvaT xazi, rom wigni gankuTvnilia<br />
SedarebiT gamocdili fasilitatorebisaTvis, da rom masSi aRwerili midgoma<br />
gaSinagnebas, xolo praqtikuli savarjiSoebis ganxorcieleba – gamocdilebaze<br />
dafuZnebul faqiz muSaobas moiTxovs, raTa ar dairRves<br />
fsiqologiuri eTikis upirvelesi principi - `ar avno~.<br />
8
* * *<br />
oriode sityva <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s struqturaze:<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
<strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s pirvel nawilSi daxasiaTebulia avtorTa mier SemuSavebuli<br />
meTodologia da dasabuTebulia am meTodologiis sami Ziri-<br />
Tadi komponentis mniSvneloba, maTi sinergiuli urTierTdamokidebuleba<br />
da logikuri urTierTgadajaWvuloba.<br />
<strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s meore nawilSi ukve detalurad aris gaSlili da aRwerili<br />
meTodologiis TiToeuli komponenti: eTnosTaSorisi <strong>urTierTobebis</strong><br />
marTvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaze mimarTuli treningi; <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong><br />
problemebis gadaWraze mimarTuli moqmedeba-kvleviTi 1 samu-<br />
Sao Sexvedrebi; dabolos, <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> eTikuri kodeqsis<br />
Seqmnaze mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedrebi.<br />
<strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s mesame nawilSi gadmocemulia proeqtis TiToeuli<br />
komponentis Sesabamisi moduli. modulebis gadmocema eyrdnoba adamianis<br />
resursebis ganviTarebis fondis gundis mier proeqtis msvlelobis procesSi<br />
am modulebis praqtikuli ganxorcielebis gamocdilebas. TiToeuli<br />
moduli gadmocemulia Semdegi sqemiT: Tematurad dalagebuli Teoriuli<br />
masala; TiToeuli Temis Sesabamisi savarjiSoebi, maTi msvlelobis detaluri,<br />
safexureobrivi aRweriT; ama Tu im savarjiSoSi miRebuli gamocdilebis<br />
Sedegad monawileTa savaraudo daskvnebi; dabolos, avtorTa<br />
rCeva-rekomendaciebi ama Tu im konkretuli savarjiSos CatarebasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
treningis modulis `xerxemlis~ (rogorc savarjiSoebis, aseve Teoriuli<br />
masalis) SemuSavebaSi mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula yirgiz kolegaTa<br />
- mira karibaevasa da zulfia koCerbaevas - mier mowodebulma meTodologiurma<br />
<strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>m 2 . Tumca, ZiriTadad, Cven davefuZneT adamianis<br />
resursebis ganviTarebis fondis gamocdilebas. modulSi Sesulia<br />
argfo-s mier wlebis manZilze praqtikulad xmarebadi, sayovelTaod cnobili,<br />
magram amave dros, sakuTar `prizmaSi gatarebuli~ da sakuTar<br />
stils morgebuli savarjiSoebi (magaliTad, `dainteresebuli subieqtebis<br />
analizi~, `problemaTa xe~ da sxv.); aseve, modulSi SemoTavazebulia fondis<br />
TanamSromelTa saavtoro savarjiSoebic (rogoricaa `integraciis<br />
gansazRvra~ da `eTnikuri identoba, dro da identobis urTierTaRqma<br />
sxvadasxva erovnebis warmomadgenelTa mier~ da a.S.). danarTebis saxiT<br />
treningis modulis bolos mocemulia euTos eqspertTa mier Seqmnili<br />
saerTaSoriso oficialuri dokumentebi eTnosTaSorisi <strong>urTierTobebis</strong><br />
marTvis sferoSi, e.w. `energaizerebis~ nakrebi, boringis orazrovani<br />
naxati da monawileTa mier treningis Sefasebis forma.<br />
1 ingl. “Action-research workshop”<br />
2 ix. gamoyenebuli literaturis sia<br />
9
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
problemaTa gadaWraze mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedris moduli Camoyalibebuli<br />
da gadmocemulia Cileli ekonomistis, manfred maqs-nifis<br />
meTodologiaze dayrdnobiT; Tumca, aqac bevria adamianis resursebis<br />
ganviTarebis fondis `know-how~: kerZod, maqs-nifis meTodis kombinacia<br />
proeqtis ciklis marTvis, problemebis gadaWrisa da moqmedeba-kvlevis<br />
midgomis sxva teqnologiebTan mas ganumeorebel specifikas sZens. danar-<br />
Tis saxiT mocemulia modulis msvlelobaSi samcxe-javaxeTis sajaro moxeleTa<br />
mier SemuSavebuli saproeqto ideaTa banki.<br />
rac Seexeba <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> eTikuri kodeqsis Seqmnaze<br />
mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedrebis moduls, igi inovaciuria, Sedgenilia<br />
nodar sarjvelaZis mier. rogorc samuSao sqema, aq gamoyenebulia sistemebis<br />
Teoriis erT-erTi avtoris, gregori beiTsonis `adamiani-garemos~<br />
sistemis logikuri doneebis cnobili modeli. modulis danarTad mocemulia<br />
proeqtis farglebSi, samcxe-javaxeTis qarTveli da somexi sajaro<br />
moxeleebis mier adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondis fasilitaciiT<br />
SemuSavebuli <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> eTikuri kodeqsi, rogorc<br />
erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobaTa xarisxis gaumjobesebaze muSaobis<br />
erT-erTi faseuli Sedegi.<br />
<strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s bolos mocemulia adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis<br />
fondis treningis/sesiis wamyvanTa rekomendaciebi treningisa da samuSao<br />
Sexvedrebis Catarebaze.<br />
<strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s danarTis saxiT axlavs terminTa mokle ganmartebani<br />
da gamoyenebuli literaturis sia.<br />
* * *<br />
dasasrul, gvinda SevCerdeT mocemuli <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s `enaze~:<br />
upirveles yovlisa, gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom terminebi `eTnikuri umciresoba~,<br />
`erovnuli umciresoba~ an `erovnuli umravlesoba~ ar Seicavs<br />
diskriminaciis elementebs; Cven maT viyenebT, rogor saerTaSorisod aRiarebul<br />
samuSao cnebebs, <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s Sinaarsis mkafiod gadmosacemad.<br />
gvinda Tavidanve sicxade SevitanoT imaSi, rom sityvaTa Sexamebas –<br />
`intereTnikuri urTierTobebi~, `eTnosTaSorisi urTierTobebi~, `eTnos-<br />
Ta Soris urTierTobebi~, `erovnebaTa Soris urTierTobebi~ da `<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong><br />
urTierTobebi~ – erTi da igive mniSvnelobiT viyenebT.<br />
gvinda gavamaxviloT yuradReba imaze, rom <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s ZiriTad<br />
teqstSi ver SexvdebiT saqarTvelos arasamTavrobo seqtorSi dReisaTvis<br />
ise farTod xmarebad sityvas, rogoricaa `treneri~, miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom wignis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawili treningis modulis<br />
aRweras eTmoba. Cveni azriT, es termini zedmetad asadavebs im faqiz<br />
samuSaos, rasac eTnosTaSorisi <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong> an marTvis swav-<br />
10
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
leba warmoadgens. aqedan gamomdinare, Cven upiratesoba mivaniWeT saxelwodebas<br />
`treningis wamyvani~, an `sesiis wamyvani~, sadac `sesiis~ qveS vgulisxmobT<br />
rogorc trenings, aseve e.w. `samuSao Sexvedras 3 ~; xolo rac<br />
Seexeba `wamyvans~ - es aseve zogadi saxelwodebaa im funqciis aRsaniSnavad,<br />
rasac axorcielebs specialisti: fasilitacia, moderacia, Tavmjdomareoba,<br />
da a.S., - samuSaos dizainis, saWiroebisa da konteqstis<br />
Sesabamisad.<br />
dabolos, unda aRvniSnoT, rom miuxedavad Cveni mcdelobisa wigni<br />
gamarTuli qarTuliT gvewera da barbarizmebi SeZlebisdagvarad Tavidan<br />
agvecilebina, mainc ver avuareT gverdi interaqciuli muSaobis iseT<br />
`sakulto~ atributebis xsenebas, rogoricaa `flifCarti~, `markeri~ da<br />
TviT `treningi` 4 .<br />
3<br />
romlis inglisur analogs e.w. “workshop”-i warmoadgens<br />
4<br />
ix. terminTa ganmartebani<br />
11
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
nawili pirveli<br />
meTodologiis arsi<br />
wignis pirvel nawilSi gadmocemulia <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> mar-<br />
Tvis Taobaze avtorTa xedva da filosofia; daxasiaTebulia meTodologiuri<br />
midgoma, misi ZiriTadi komponentebi; faseulobebi da sabazo daSvebebi, romel-<br />
Tac is eyrdnoba; samizne jgufebi, romelTaTvisac is gankuTvnilia. <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s<br />
es nawili daexmareba mkiTxvels, ukeT gaigos Cveneuli midgoma<br />
da, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gaiziarebs mas, gaiTavisos wignis meore nawilSi<br />
dalagebuli samuSao teqnologiebi.<br />
Tavi I. meTodoglogiis sazrisi, anu meTodologiis `ratom~<br />
I.1. mokle preistoria<br />
mocemuli <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong> Sedgenilia saqarTveloSi evropis uSiSroebisa<br />
da TanamSromlobis organizaciis erovnul umciresobaTa dargSi umaRlesi<br />
komisris ofisis egidiT mimdinare proeqtis - `<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTier-<br />
Tobebis <strong>marTva</strong> samcxe-javaxeTisa da qvemo qarTlis regionebSi~ - dagegmvis,<br />
ganxorcielebisa da Sefasebis Sedegad miRebuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze.<br />
proeqti SeimuSava da ganaxorciela adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondma.<br />
proeqti mimarTuli iyo saqarTvelos somexi da azerbaijaneli eTnikuri<br />
umciresobebiiT kompaqturad dasaxlebul, eTnikurad mravalferovan<br />
samcxe-javaxeTisa da qvemo qarTlis regionebSi eTnosTaSorisi<br />
klimatis gajansaRebaze, saxelmwifo moxeleTa intereTnikuri kompetenciis<br />
amaRlebis gziT.<br />
specifikur miznobriv regionebze fokusirebis miuxedavad, proeqtis<br />
meTodologias da miRebul gamocdilebas aqvs potenciali, dainergos<br />
sxva qveynebsa da, Sesabamisad, gansxvavebul socialur-politikur, geografiul<br />
an eTnikur konteqstebSi analogiur problemebze muSaobisas.<br />
amis safuZvels iZleva meTodologiis orientacia ara Carevis Sinaarsze,<br />
aramed muSaobis formebze (ix. qvemoT `meTodologiis komponentebi`).<br />
samcxe-javaxeTsa da qvemo qarTlSi ganxorcielebuli meTodologiis<br />
sxva konteqstebSi gamoyenebis potencials isic gansazRvravs, rom mis Semu-<br />
Savebas win uZRoda yirgizeTSi, aseve euTos erovnul umciresobaTa dargSi<br />
umaRlesi komisris egidiT, ganxorcielebuli <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTier-<br />
Tobebis <strong>marTva</strong>ze mimarTuli proeqtis Sedegad miRebuli gamocdilebis<br />
gaziareba. yirgiz kolegaTa meTodologia, ZiriTadad, swavlebiT (kerZod,<br />
treningi) midgomas eyrdnoboda da moicavda:<br />
1) sajaro moxeleTa mier <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> konteqstSi<br />
sakuTari qceviTi paternebis 5 gacnobierebasa da koreqciaze mimar-<br />
5 ix. terminTa ganmartebani<br />
12
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
Tul savarjiSoebs;<br />
2) saerTaSoriso normatiul-regulaciuri dokumentebis gacnobaze<br />
mimarTul sesiebs.<br />
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondis meTodologiuri midgoma<br />
ufro farToa, vidre mxolod treningi; igi swavlebiTi komponentis paralelurad,<br />
kidev or principul komponents moicavs, romlebic gulisxmoben<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> sakiTxebze moqmedeba _ kvleviT<br />
muSaobas, razec qvemoT gveqneba saubari.<br />
I.2. samizne jgufebi<br />
sakiTxisadmi Cveni midgoma gulisxmobs intensiur muSaobas im adamianebTan,<br />
romlebic sakvanZo rols asruleben Temis, sazogadoebis, regionisa<br />
da qveynis cxovrebaSi, iReben ra monawileobas eTnikurad mravalferovani<br />
regionebis <strong>marTva</strong>Si da Sesabamisad, gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi.<br />
eseni arian, upirveles yovlisa, sxvadasxva sferoSi dasaqmebuli sajaro<br />
moxeleebi: adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisa da TviTmmarTvelobis struqturebis<br />
warmomadgenlebi, policielebi, pedagogebi, jandacvis specialistebi,<br />
sasamarTlo moxeleebi da a.S.; garda amisa, masobrivi sainformacio<br />
saSualebebis muSakebi da Temis liderebi.<br />
zemoT CamoTvlili jgufebi Seadgenen, faqtobrivad, im pirvel<br />
rgols, romelsac, Tavisi yoveldRiuri movaleobebis Sesrulebis procesSi,<br />
uxdeba <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli<br />
regularuli Tu spontanurad aRmocenebuli problemebis mogvareba da<br />
<strong>marTva</strong>. amdenad, es is xalxia, romelTa koreqtul da konstruqciul,<br />
miukerZoebel moRvaweobas ZaluZs mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanos regionisa<br />
da qveynis <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> klimatis gajansaRebaSi.<br />
Tumca, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom mocemul <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>Si gadmocemuli<br />
samuSao teqnologiebi ar Semoifargleba mxolod dasaxelebul<br />
miznobriv kontingentTan muSaobis potencialiT. maTi gamoyeneba Tavisufladaa<br />
SesaZlebeli <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis <strong>marTva</strong>-gaumjobesebiT<br />
dainteresebul sxva nebiemier jgufTan Tu pirTan.<br />
I.3. meTodologiis specifika da filosofia<br />
I.3.1. xedva<br />
meTodologiis logika emyareba xedvas, romlis mixedviTac erovneba-<br />
TaSorisi urTierTobis marTvis konstruqciuli praqtika moiTxovs:<br />
am urTierobaTa sferoSi, sakuTar eTnosze da sxva garemomcvel<br />
eTnikur jgufebze, <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> sakiTxebze<br />
codnis amaRlebasa da Sesabamisi unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas; saer-<br />
13
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
TaSoriso gamocdilebis gacnobas da gaTvaliswinebas;<br />
sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufebis mier arsebuli problemebis erTobliv<br />
analizs, maTi daZlevis gzebis erTobliv moZieba-dagegmvas da<br />
maTi ganxorcielebisaTvis erTobliv saqmianobas;<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> sferoSi zneobrivi normebis (eTikuri<br />
kodeqsis) erTobliv SemuSavebasa da erTobliv zrunvas maT<br />
ganxorcielebaze.<br />
<strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>Si Camoyalibebuli meTodologia, romelsac avtorTa<br />
jgufi iyenebda saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionis sajaro moxeleebTan da<br />
sxva samizne jgufebTan muSaobisas, emyareba am qveTavSi Camoyalibebul<br />
komponentebs. aseve, unda aRiniSnos, rom Cveni xedva efuZneba daSvebas,<br />
romelic demokratiul qveynebsa da saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi farTodaa<br />
danergili:<br />
qveyanaSi mcxovrebi eTnikuri umciresobis warmomadgenlebi CarTulni<br />
unda iyvnen maTTvis mniSvnelovan da saWirboroto sakiTxebis mogvarebaSi<br />
da gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi. am gziT gamotanili gadawyvetileba<br />
da problemis daZlevis napovni gza yvelaze relevanturi da<br />
samarTliani iqneba, radgan eTnikuri umciresobis warmomadgenlebi<br />
gacilebiT Rrmad icnoben sakiTxs da sakuTar Tavze ganicdian erovnebaTaSoris<br />
urTierTobebTan dakavSirebul problemebs.<br />
I.3.2. meTodologiis komponentebi<br />
gamomdinare zemoT gadmocemuli xedvidan, meTodologiuri midgoma<br />
moicavs sam, mniSvnelobis TvalsazrisiT urTierTTanaswor, da amave<br />
dros, sinergiul 6 mimarTebaSi myof komponents. esenia:<br />
a. erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobaTa efeqturi marTvis gamocdilebiTi<br />
swavleba (treningi)<br />
meTodologiis es komponenti gulisxmobs monawileTa (Cvens SemTxveva-<br />
Si, sajaro moxeleTa) kompetenciis amaRlebas <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis<br />
sferoSi. <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis kompetencia, Tavis<br />
mxriv, moicavs Sesabamis Teoriul codnas (inteleqtualuri aspeqti),<br />
mgrZnobelobas intereTnikuri sakiTxebis mimarT (emociuri aspeqti) da<br />
praqtikul unar-Cvevebs (qceviTi aspeqti). Sesabamisad, meTodologiis<br />
treninguli komponenti mimarTulia samizne kontingentSi erovnebaTa-<br />
Sorisi urTierTobaTa marTvis kompetenciis am sami aspeqtis ganvi-<br />
TarebisaTvis aucilebeli pirobebis Seqmnaze.<br />
6 ix. terminTa ganmartebani<br />
14
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
b. <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> problemebis gadaWraze mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedra<br />
meTodologiis es komponenti gulisxmobs e.w. `workshop`-ebis – samuSao<br />
Sexvedris Catarebas, rac mimarTuli iqneba Sesabamis regionSi, an<br />
regionsa da centrs Soris arsebul erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobebSi<br />
aRmocenebuli problemebis gamokveTaze, analizsa da maT mosagvareblad<br />
Sesabamisi erToblivi RonisZiebebis dagegmvaze.<br />
am komponentis saWiroeba imiT aixsneba, rom regionisa da qveynis<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> klimatis gasajansaReblad ar aris sakmarisi am sferoSi<br />
sajaro moxeleTa kompetenciis donis amaRlebaze zrunva. aucilebelia,<br />
sajaro moxeleebisa da mosaxleobis sxva warmomadgenlebis monawileobiT<br />
mizandasaxulad SevqmnaT konteqstebi, sadac isini, erTmaneTTan TanamSromlobis<br />
procesSi aTvisebuli codnisa da unar-Cvevebis gamoyenebas<br />
SeZleben.<br />
mravaleTnikur saxelmwifoSi da mis regionebSi erovnebaTaSoris<br />
urTierTobebTan dakavSirebul problemaTa mTeli rigi arsebobs, romelTa<br />
gadawyvetac sxvadasxva eTnkuri jgufis erTobliv Zalisxmevas<br />
saWiroebs. mniSvnelovania am problemebis gadawyvetis dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis<br />
legitimuri, yvela eTnosisaTvis misaRebi gzis SemuSaveba.<br />
legitimurobas ganapirobebs monawileoba. amdenad, meTodologiis farglebSi<br />
problemaTa gadaWraze mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedrebi swored<br />
intereTnikuri problemebis gadawyvetis dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis<br />
legitimuri gzebis moZiebas emsaxureba.<br />
g. <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> eTikuri kodeqsis erTobliv SemuSavebaze<br />
mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedra<br />
meTodologiis es komponenti mimarTulia sxvadasxva eTnosis warmomadgenelTa<br />
mier <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> eTikuri kodeqsis<br />
erTobliv SemuSavebaze.<br />
regionSi erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobaTa gasajansaReblad ar aris<br />
sakmarisi Sesabamis sakiTxebze codnisa da unar-Cvevebis aTvisebisa da<br />
erToblivi problemebis gadawyvetaze TanamSromlobisaTvis Sesabamisi<br />
pirobebis uzrunvelyofa. principulad mniSvnelovania, sxvadasxva eTnosis<br />
warmomadgenlebi TviTon gaxdnen <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong><br />
eTikuri kanonis Tanaavtorebi.<br />
yvela qveyanaSi eTnikur urTierTobebs am qveynis kanonmdebloba da<br />
qveynis mier xelmowerili Tu ratificirebuli saerTaSoriso dokumentebi<br />
gansazRvraven, rac erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobaTa saTanado<br />
sakanonmdeblo normatiul-regulaciur fons qmnis. Tu sxvadasxva eTnosi<br />
TviTon, TanaavtorobiT SeimuSaveben erTmaneTTan urTierTobis eTikur<br />
15
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
normebs da aseve TviTon, saxalxo forumis 7 safuZvelze moaxdenen am<br />
dokumentis miReba-ratifikacias _ es <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> gajansaRebis erTerTi<br />
mniSvnelovani winapiroba iqneba.<br />
dokumentis Seqmnaze erToblivi muSaoba, erTi mxriv, gansazRvravs mis<br />
legitimurobas im gansxvavebuli sazogadoebebis Tu eTnosTa TvalSi,<br />
romelnic mis SeqmnaSi erToblivad monawileobdnen da romelTa urTierTobis<br />
daregulirebisTvis aris kodeqsi mowodebuli; meore mxriv, mis<br />
Seqmnaze daxarjuli erToblivi Zalisxmeva da Semdgomi xelmowera swored<br />
is investiciaa, rac Seqmnili dokumentis cxovrebaSi gatarebisaTvis aucilebel<br />
winapirobas warmoadgens; dabolos, Cveni proeqtis farglebSi<br />
ukve Seiqmna saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi qarTveli da somexi erovnebis moqalaqeebis<br />
urTierTobis eTikuri kodeqsi. mas Semdeg, rac igi sxvadasxva<br />
eTnikur konteqstSi iqneba ganxiluli da amis safuZvelze daxvewili,<br />
SesaZloa <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> maregulirebel erT-erT<br />
mniSvnelovan saerTaSoriso dokumentad iqces.<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> kodeqsis<br />
sajaro miReba-xelmoweris aqcia<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis eTikuri kodeqsis Seqmnis saboloo<br />
safexuria mis SeqmnaSi monawile sajaro moxeleTa, sazogadoebis liderTa<br />
da maT mier warmodgenil TemTa mier kodeqsis sajaro ganxilva da<br />
xelmowera. es aqcia mniSvnelovania Semdegi mosazrebebidan gamomdinare:<br />
a. xelmoweris sajaro aqcia, romlis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani komponenti<br />
kodeqsSi Camoyalibebuli principebis cxovrebaSi gatarebis<br />
efeqturi meqanizmebis ganxilva-moazrebaa, kidev erTxel aqcevs<br />
erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobebs konstruqciuli sazogadoebrivi<br />
msjelobisa da erToblivi zrunvis sagnad;<br />
b. kodeqsis sajaro xelmowera misi avtorebis keTili nebis da maT<br />
mier arCeuli, kodeqsSi gadmocemuli kursis Riad gacxadebis konteqsts<br />
qmnis. mecnieruli kvlevis monacemebis Tanaxmad, qcevis<br />
kursis sajaro gacxadeba adamianis Tu adamianTa jgufis mier, faqtobrivad,<br />
am qcevis kursis safuZvlad mdebare ganwyobis gaZlierebas<br />
ganapirobebs, rac misi ganxorcielebis mniSvnelovani winapirobaa.<br />
amdenad, TviT sajaro xelmoweris aqti SeiZleba ganxilul<br />
iqnas, rogorc kodeqsis cxovrebaSi gatarebis mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli<br />
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nabiji;<br />
g. sajaro aqcia kodeqsis Semoqmedebs da avtorebs maT mier gaweuli<br />
7 ix. terminTa ganmartebebi<br />
16
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
Sromisa da Cadebuli moraluri Tu fizikuri investiciis aRiarebis<br />
konteqsts uqmnis, rac esoden mniSvnelovania, gamomdinare Tundac<br />
mxolod iqidan, rom aRiareba, anu, iyos aRiarebuli adamianis erTerTi<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani sabazo moTxovnilebis – identobis 8<br />
principuli komponentia.<br />
I.4. meTodologiis sabazo daSvebebi<br />
meTodologia sam principul sabazo daSvebas efuZneba:<br />
kulturul gansxvavebebsa da, Sesabamisad, mravalferovnebas gaaCnia<br />
didi potenciali, romlis srulfasovani gamoyeneba sazogadoebis<br />
ganviTarebis biZgis mimcemia;<br />
kulturaTaSorisi dialogis procesi pirovnuli urTierTgamdidrebisa<br />
da zrdisaTvis aucilebel pirobebs uzrunvelyofs;<br />
samoqalaqo midgomis CarCoSi SesaZlebelia uzrunvelyofil iqnas<br />
qveynis sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufebis srulfasovani monawileoba<br />
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.<br />
I.5. sabazo faseulobebi<br />
meTodologia efuZneba Semdeg faseulobebs:<br />
gansxvavebulTa urTierTmimRebloba da urTierTpativiscema<br />
adamianis uflebebis dacva<br />
samarTlianoba da Tanasworuflebianoba<br />
urTierTmosmena da dialogi<br />
Riaoba<br />
ganviTareba<br />
Tavi II. meTodologiis aRwera komponentebis mixedviT:<br />
meTodologiis `rogor~<br />
II.1. treningi<br />
treningi gamocdilebiTi swavlebis mniSvnelovani formaa. dReisaTvis<br />
igi arasamTavrobo seqtorSi proeqtebis warmoebis erT-erTi yvelaze<br />
gavrcelebuli aqtivoba gaxda. samwuxarod, amgvari popularobidan da<br />
Sesabamisad, sayovelTao moxmarebidan gamomdinare, treningis cneba Cvens<br />
sinamdvileSi xSirad vulgarizebuli da diskreditirebulia. mas da-<br />
8 ix. terminTa ganmartebani<br />
17
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
karguli aqvs Tavisi arsi da praqtikaSi treningis formaluri niSnebis<br />
nakrebad aris qceuli. kerZod, xSirad saxezea treningis e.w. `sajentlmeno<br />
nakrebi~: `flifCarti~, `markeri~, `energaizerebi~, mcire jgufebSi<br />
namuSevarTa prezentaciebi, magram am formis miRma sicarielea, treningis<br />
mTavari specifika gamorCenili da amdenad, dakargulia.<br />
treningis specifika ki imaSi mdgomareobs, rom monawileTaTvis<br />
Seiqmnas saTanado pirobebi, romelic maT miscems saSualebas:<br />
erTi mxriv, axal gamocdilebaSi gavlis gziT aRmoaCinon maTTvis<br />
axali kanonzomierebebi sakuTari Tavisa Tu sinamdvilis ama Tu im<br />
movlenis, sferos Sesaxeb;<br />
meore mxriv, aiTvison, gaivarjiSon da daxvewon esa Tu is<br />
cxovrebiseulad mniSvnelovani unar-Cveva.<br />
gamomdinare aRwerili specifikidan, treningis `saSen masalas~ Semdegi<br />
komponentebi warmoadgens:<br />
a) interaqciuli aqtivobebi (savarjiSoebi, roluri TamaSi, diskusia,<br />
da a.S.), romelic imgvaradaa organizebuli, rom monawileebma gaiaron<br />
axal gamocdilebaSi, rac maT Tavisi Zveli codnis gacnobiereba-gadafasebisa<br />
da axali codnis miRebis SesaZleblobas<br />
miscems.<br />
b) e.w. `ukukavSiris sesiebi~, romelic monawileebs zemoT aRniSnul<br />
praqtikul aqtivobebSi monawileobis Sedegad SeZenili gamocdilebis<br />
urTierTgaziarebis saSualebas miscems, rac agreTve mniSvnelovania<br />
axali codnis gasaazreblad. es procesi treningis wamyvanTa<br />
organizaciuli da meTodologiuri xelmZRvanelobiT unda warimar-<br />
Tos. organizaciuli xelmZRvaneloba aq gulisxmobs procesis organizebulad<br />
da samarTlianad war<strong>marTva</strong>s. mag., gamocdilebis gaziarebis<br />
msurvelTa rigiTobis dacvas da Tanabari monawileobis<br />
uzrunvelyofas fasilitaciis 9 Sesabamisi xerxebiT. meTodologiuri<br />
xelmZRvanelobis qveS aq igulisxmeba monawileebis mier gaziarebuli<br />
mosazrebebis dajameba da dakavSireba garkveul meTodologiur sqemebTan,<br />
midgomebTan, rac miRebuli gamocdilebis garkveul, mecnierulad<br />
dasabuTebul, Teoriul codnasTan dakavSirebis SesaZleblobas<br />
iZleva.<br />
g) treningis wamyvanTa mokle Teoriuli prezentaciebi (`mini-leqciebi`),<br />
rac monawileebs miRebuli gamocdilebis gasaazreblad Sesabamis<br />
inteleqtualur `fiWas~ sZens.<br />
d) jgufSi energiis gadamaxalisebeli savarjiSoebi, e.w. `energiser`-ebi,<br />
romlebic treningis wayvanis procesSi SesaZloa sxvadasxva mizniT<br />
gamoviyenoT: mag., jgufSi muSaobis sawyis etapze arsebuli uxerxu-<br />
9 ix. terminTa ganmartebani<br />
18
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
lobis gadasalaxad - `yinulis gasalRobad~; daRlilobisa da modunebis<br />
dasaZlevad - `fexis gasaSlelad~; jgufSi arsebuli agresiis<br />
gansamuxtad - `orTqlis amosaSvebad~, da a.S.<br />
e) treningis `organizaciuli standartebi~, rac, rogorc wesi, treningis<br />
dasawyisSi da boloSi gamoiyeneba. dasawyisisaTvis es Semdegi<br />
aqtivobebia:<br />
• monawileTa da wamyvanTa urTierTgacnoba. es aucilebelia, erTi<br />
mxriv, treningis wamyvanTa da monawileTa erTmaneTis ukeT gasacnobad;<br />
meore mxriv, es efeqturia `yinulis gasalRobad~, anu,<br />
ucnob socialur garemoSi yofnis gamo arsebuli stresis mosaxsnelad,<br />
da Sesabamisad, zemoxsenebuli uxerxulobis gadasalaxad,<br />
jgufis Sesakvrelad;<br />
• muSaobis gegmisa da ganrigis gacnoba. es aucilebelia jgufSi<br />
gaurkvevloba-ganusazRvrelobasTan dakavSirebuli stresis mosaxsnelad<br />
da samuSao CarCos gansasazRvrad;<br />
• muSaobis wesebis erToblivi SemuSaveba, raTa monawileebma aiRon<br />
Tavis Tavze Tavisi wili pasuxismgebloba procesis organizebulad<br />
war<strong>marTva</strong>ze da Sesabamisad, igi SeTanxmebulad da organizebulad<br />
ganxorcieldes; agreTve, raTa gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas monawileTa<br />
sabazo moTxovnilebebi da maTi SesaZlo frTxili damokidebuleba<br />
erToblivi muSaobis mimarT (rac maT mier SeTavazebul wesebSi<br />
`ikiTxeba`). wesebis SemuSaveba, agreTve, xels uwyobs monawileTa<br />
Soris gulrwfeli, pozitiuri urTierTobis damyarebas, rac mu-<br />
Saobis efeqturobas exmareba;<br />
• monawileTa molodinebis garkveva. es aucilebelia, raTa iqnas<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli monawileTa interesebi da molodinebi, xolo<br />
ararealisturi molodinebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi droulad<br />
ganisazRvros treningis CarCoebi.<br />
yvela es zemoT aRwerili standarti SesaZloa absoluturad gansxvavebuli<br />
(magram aucileblad interaqciuli) xerxebiT, savarjiSoebiTa da<br />
aqtivobebiT ganxorcieldes. es damokidebulia treningis wamyvanTa stilze,<br />
gamocdilebaze da SemoqmedebiT unarze. igive SeiZleba iTqvas treningis<br />
bolos gamosayenebel organizaciul standartebze: ar aris<br />
principuli, Tu ra gziT ganxorcieldeba igi, yvela SemTxvevaSi es unda<br />
iyos monawileTa da wamyvanTa mier ganvlili procesis erToblivi<br />
Sefaseba da ukukavSiri.<br />
mniSvnelovania, treningis damTavrebidan drois garkveuli periodis<br />
mere moxdes masSi monawile mosargebleTa gamoikTxva imis Taobaze, Tu<br />
ramdenad gamoadgaT treningis msvlelobaSi miRebuli codna da<br />
gamocdileba, ra da rogor Seicvala am TvalsazrisiT maT yovedRiur<br />
profesiul saqmianobasa Tu socialur urTierTobebSi. Tu proeqtis gegma<br />
19
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
iZleva amis saSualebas, es unda ganxorcieledes ase vTqvaT, `miuker-<br />
Zoebeli Semfaseblebis~ mier, anu proeqtSi garedan mowveuli eqspertebis<br />
mier, specifikuri teqnologiiT.<br />
* * *<br />
proeqtis ganxorcielebisas, procesis Sesabamisad, Cven viyenebdiT<br />
treningis yvela zemoTCamoTvlil komponents. rac Seexeba im interaqciul<br />
xerxebs, romlebiTac uSualod xorcieldeboda treningi, eseni<br />
iyo: saerTo diskusia, debatebi aqtualur sakiTxebze, muSaoba mcire<br />
jgufebSi <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urToerTobebis maregulirebel saerTaSoriso<br />
dokumentebze, socialuri situaciebis roluri gaTamaSeba, Tematuri<br />
`energaizerebi~, `gonebrivi ieriSi~, da a.S. es xerxebi uzrunvelyofda<br />
procesis maRal dinamikas da monawileebis aqtiur CarTulobas.<br />
dabolos, rac Seexeba treningis Sinaarss, is gulisxmobda Semdeg<br />
Temebs: samoqalaqo sazogadoeba da eTnikuroba, saxelmwifos mier<br />
samoqalaqo da eTnikuri midgomis gamoyeneba politikaSi, eTnikuri Tu<br />
sxva saxis umciresobebisa da umravlesobis <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> Taviseburebebi,<br />
diskriminaciuli da stereotipuli azrovneba da misi daZleva,<br />
integraciis gansxvaveba asimilaciisagan, saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi<br />
dokumentebi eTnikuri umciresobebis Sesaxeb, Teoriebi, romlebic mecnieruli<br />
da praqtikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebis procesSi Seiqmna erovnulobis/eTnikurobis<br />
kvlevis sferoSi. TiToeuli Tema <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>Si<br />
warmodgenilia Sesabamisi interaqciuli savarjiSoebis nakrebiT.<br />
II.2. problemebis gadaWraze mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedra<br />
rogorc wignis dasawyisSive aRvniSneT, problemebis gadaWraze mimar-<br />
Tuli samuSao Sexvedris koncefcia eyrdnoba moqmedeba-kvlevis midgomas,<br />
romlis arsic SeiZleba Semdegnairad ganisazRvros: jgufur muSaobaSi<br />
CarTuli pirebi Sedian `mkvlevar-eqspertis~ rolSi, anu, Cvens SemTxvevaSi,<br />
sakuTari regionisa da eTnosis mcodne eqspertebisa, romlebic,<br />
erTmaneTTan TanamSromlobiT, konkretuli samuSaos ganxorcielebis (anu<br />
moqmedebis) procesSi, cdiloben gamoikvlion <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTier-<br />
Tobebis sferoSi arsebul problemaTa speqtri, arsi da erToblivad,<br />
eqspertulad dagegmon am problemaTa daZlevis gzebi.<br />
amdenad, meTodi gulisxmobs adamianTa didi araerTgvarovani jgufis<br />
muSaobas (50 da meti monawile - sxvadasxva sferos sajaro moxeleebi,<br />
magaliTad: adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis, policiis, ganaTlebis, jandacvis,<br />
masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebis warmomadgenlebi da a.S.);<br />
rac ufro mravalferovania jgufi Semadgenlobis mixedviT, miT ufro<br />
mdidari produqcia SeiZleba miviRoT Catarebuli samuSaos Sedegad.<br />
sasurvelia, regionis problemebze muSaobisas procesSi CarTulni iyvnen<br />
20
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
saxelmwifos rogorc regionuli, ise centraluri mmarTvelobis struqturebis<br />
warmomadgenlebi. muSaobis procesSi monawileTa didi jgufi<br />
unda daiyos mcire, Semadgenlobis mixedviT mravalferovan, ramdenime<br />
jgufad. mcire jgufTa namuSevari unda wardges plenarul sxdomebze da<br />
iyos erToblivi ganxilvis sagani. sasurvelia, rogorc did, aseve mcire<br />
jgufebSi sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenelebi Tanabrad<br />
ganawildnen.<br />
mcire jgufebSi muSaoba Semdeg fazebs unda moicavdes: problemaTa<br />
gamokveTa (identifikacia), problemaTa analizi, problemaTa gadaWris<br />
gzebis moZieba da Sesabamis RonisZiebaTa dagegmva. TiToeul fazas<br />
gansaxorcieleblad Sesabamisi teqnologia gaaCnia da sesiis wamyvanebs<br />
SeuZliaT arCevani gaakeTon (gamomdinare jgufis Taviseburebebidan, misi<br />
ganviTarebis stadiidan da arsebuli situaciidan), Tu ra teqnologiiT<br />
ganaxorcielon esa Tu is faza; aseve, wamyvanebs SeuZliaT ramodenime<br />
teqnologia erToblivad an kombinaciaSi gamoiyenon.<br />
magaliTad, problemaTa gamokveTisaTvis gamoiyeneba `gonebrivi ieri-<br />
Sis~ teqnologia; problemaTa analizisas efeqturia e.w. `problemaTa xis~<br />
teqnikis gamoyeneba, romelic saSualebas iZleva esa Tu is problema ganvixiloT<br />
mis safuZvlad mdebare problemebisa da simptomebis WrilSi (ix.<br />
nawili II, Tavi I, Tema VI, savarjiSo `problemebis xe`); analizisaTvis,<br />
agreTve, Zalian mniSvnelovania problemis arsebobis sibrtyeSi moqmed<br />
ZalTa, e.w. `dainteresebul (CarTul) subieqtTa~ analizi; garda amisa,<br />
problemaTa srulfasovani analizisaTvis aucilebelia maT safuZvlad<br />
mdebare sabazo moTxovnilebaTa gaazreba, ris saSualebasac iZleva<br />
Cileli ekonomistis manfred maqs-nifis mier SemoTavazebululi e.w.<br />
`matriculi meTodi~ (ix. qvemoT), da sxva.<br />
Cven analizis yvela es zemoT CamoTvlili meTodi gamoviyeneT: problemis<br />
xisa da dainteresebuli subieqtebis analizi jer kidev muSaobis<br />
satreningo fazaSi CavrTeT, radganac miviCnieT, rom erovnebaTaSoris<br />
urTierTobaTa marTvis unar-Cvevebis treningi bevrad ufro efeqturi<br />
iqneboda, Tu monawileebs maT sacxovrebel garemoSi arsebuli <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong><br />
problemebisa da maTSi CarTuli subieqtebis gacnobierebis<br />
donis amaRlebaSi davexmarebodiT. es logikuri xazi, faqtobrivad, gagrZelda<br />
problemaTa gadaWraze mimarTul samuSao Sexvedrazec, radgan<br />
monawileebma ukve gacnobierebul problemebze ganagrZes muSaoba manfred<br />
maqs-nifis matricis daxmarebiT.<br />
manfred maqs-nifis matrica saSualebas iZleva adamianis TiToeuli<br />
sabazo moTxovnilebis (arseboba, usafrTxoeba, identoba, monawileoba,<br />
Semoqmedeba, ZalTa aRdgena, da a.S.) dakmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT arsebuli<br />
mdgomareobisa da sasurveli mdgomareobis gansxvavebis analizis<br />
safuZvelze moZiebul iqnas dakmayofilebis efeqturi, realisturi gzebi<br />
da moazrebul iqnas maTi ganxorcielebis pirobebi. ramdenadac meTodis<br />
21
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
arsi aRwerili gvaqvs samuSao Sexvedris Sesabamis modulsa da damatebaSi,<br />
aq amaze dawvrilebiT aRar SevCerdebiT.<br />
amdenad, problemebis gadaWraze mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedris etapze<br />
Zalian efeqturia manfred maqs-nifis matricis gamoyeneba. Tumca, aqve<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> problemebis analizamde<br />
jgufisaTvis SedarebiT ufro martivi samuSao teqnologiebiT<br />
muSaobis gamocdilebis miRebisaTvis saTanado pirobebis Seqmnaa<br />
sasurveli.<br />
matricas, analizis fazidan, logikurad gavyavarT problemaTa gadaWris<br />
gzebis moZiebis fazaSi, igi gviCvenebs, Tu ra unda iyos gakeTebuli<br />
imisaTvis, rom adamianis, Temisa Tu sazogadoebis esa Tu is sabazo moTxovnileba<br />
dakmayofildes. rodesac jgufebi plenarul sxdomaze waradgenen<br />
maqs-nifis matricis mixedviT Seqmnil TavianT produqcias, wamyvanTa<br />
amocanaa daafiqsiron saproeqto ideebi, ramdenadac am ideebis<br />
plenarul sxdomaze Sefasebisa da prioretizaciis safuZvelze iqmneba<br />
samuSao Sexvedrebis saboloo produqti: regionSi an qveyanaSi <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong><br />
<strong>urTierTobebis</strong> klimatis gajansaRebaze mimarTuli gansaxorcielebeli<br />
proeqtebis banki.<br />
samuSao Sexvedris Sedegad miRebuli prioretizebuli saproeqto<br />
ideebis bankidan jgufi irCevs remdenime gansaxorcielebeli proeqtis<br />
ideas, Semdegi kriteriumebis safuZvelze:<br />
mravaleTnikuri ganmaxorcielebeli gundi;<br />
orientacia <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> klimatis gajansaRebaze;<br />
realisturoba da sisxarte `SMART`- is principebis Sesatyvisoba.<br />
(ix. nawili II, Tavi II: `<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> problemebis gadaWraze<br />
mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedris moduli`);<br />
proeqtis ganxorcielebisaTvis `strategiuli vin`-is, anu, potenciuri<br />
ganmaxorcielebeli pirebis an gundis arseboba.<br />
ai, am adgilas samuSao Sexvedris kompetencia mTavrdeba da iwyeba<br />
konkretuli proeqtis werilobiT gaformeba, misTvis samuSao gundis<br />
SerCeva-momzadeba, mis ganxorcielebaze zrunva, rac ukve Semdgomi nabijebis<br />
gadadgmas gulisxmobs, da amdenad, muSaobis gagrZelebis stimuli<br />
da safuZvelia.<br />
II.3. <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> kodeqsis Seqmnaze mimarTuli samuSao<br />
Sexvedra da kodeqsis xelmoweris aqcia<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> kodeqsis Seqmnaze mimarTuli samu-<br />
Sao Sexvedris meTodologia eyrdnoba gregori beiTsonis `adamiani-garemos~<br />
sistemis logikuri doneebis koncefcias da Sesabamis meTodo-<br />
22
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
logiur sqemas. beiTsonis Tanaxmad, adamiani sakuTriv, da mis garSemo<br />
arsebuli fizikuri, socialuri Tu geo-politikuri sinamdvile SesaZloa<br />
ganvixiloT, rogorc erTiani sistema, romelsac sxvadasxva, erTmaneTTan<br />
logikurad dakavSirebuli doneebi gaaCnia. am doneebis urTierTmimar-<br />
Teba Cvens SemTxvevaSi Semdegnairad SeiZleba warmovadginoT:<br />
imis mixedviT, Tu ra aris muSaobis mizani, SesaZloa gansxvavebuli<br />
masStabisa da zogadobis doneebi gamovyoT, mag., zemoT moyvanili sqemisagan<br />
gansxvavebiT, SesaZloa sqemaSi CavrToT `ojaxi~, `Temi~, `sazogadoeba~,<br />
da a.S. amdenad, beiTsonis sqema ar warmoadgens dogmas. midgomis<br />
plusi swored misi moqnilobaa.<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> kodeqsis SesamuSaveblad Sexvedris<br />
monawileebi kvlav iyofian mcire (12-15 monawile), eTnikuri SemadgenlobiT<br />
dabalansebul da monawileTa poziciebis (Tanamdebobebis) mixedviT<br />
mravalferovan jgufebad.<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> kodeqsze muSaobisas ganxilvis sagani<br />
unda iyos sistemis `adamiani - garemo~ TiToeul zemoT mocemul doneze<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> sasurveli, konstruqciuli wesebi da<br />
normebi. msjelobisaTvis efeqturi da droSi ekonomiuri teqnologia aqac<br />
`gonebrivi ieriSia~. gonebrivi ieriSis Sedegad miRebuli mdidari produqciis<br />
ganxilva mimdinareobs plenarul, gaerTianebul sxdomaze, sadac,<br />
faqtobrivad, miRebuli produqciis `dawreta~ da jerarsis principiT dala-<br />
23
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
geba iwyeba. jerarsi gulisxmobs, rom msjeloba midis `ra unda iyos~<br />
principiT nacvlad principisa `ra aris~, anu monawileebi adgenen cxovrebis<br />
principebs `undas~ poziciidan.<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> kodeqsis Sedgenaze mimarTuli samuSao<br />
Sexvedra, faqtobrivad, amgvari kodeqsis Seqmnis sawyisi nabijia. aRwerili<br />
gonebrivi ieriSisa da plenaruli sxdomis farglebSi misi ganxilva-dawretis<br />
Semdeg, iwyeba wamyvanTa gundis skrupulozuri muSaoba masalis jerarsis<br />
formiT lakonurad Camoyalibebaze. kodeqsis Seqmnis Semdgomi safexuri<br />
gulisxmobs samuSao Sexvedraze miRebuli da wamyvanTa gundis mier damu-<br />
Savebuli dokumentis eqspertizas profesionali eqspertebis mier. xolo<br />
damagvirgvinebeli etapi ukve gamzadebuli kodeqsis sajaro prezentaciaganxilva,<br />
avtorTa mier misi xelmowera da bolos, gamoqveynebaa.<br />
24
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
nawili meore<br />
meTodologiis calkeuli komponentebis Sesabamisi<br />
modulebi, anu meTodologiis `ra~<br />
wignis meore nawilSi gadmocemulia erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobaTa mar-<br />
Tvis xarisxis gaumjobesebis meTodologiis sami ZiriTadi komponentis<br />
Sesabamisi moduli. TiToeuli moduli moicavs, erTi mxriv, mokle Teoriul<br />
informacias mocemul sferoSi ZiriTad cnebebze, sakiTxebis dayenebasa da<br />
midgomebze; meore mxriv, modulebSi dawvrilebiT, safexureobrivad aris<br />
aRwerili rekomendebuli savarjiSoebis krebuli. aqve saWirod migvaCnia<br />
xazi gavusvaT imas, rom mocemuli modulebis wakiTxva ar aris sakmarisi<br />
imisaTvis, rom mkiTxvelma maTi praqtikulad gamoyeneba SeZlos. am modulebis<br />
praqtikaSi ganxorcielebis dasawyebad aucilebelia mkiTxvelma Tvi-<br />
Ton gaiaros Sesabamisi treningi, romelic mas miscems ara marto `codnas am<br />
modulebis Sesaxeb~, aramed am modulebSi gavlis unikalur gamocdilebas,<br />
rac aucilebelia maTi aTvisebisaTvis.<br />
Tavi I. erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobaTa marTvis kompetenciis<br />
amaRlebis treningis moduli<br />
moceul TavSi aRwerili modulis mizania treningis monawileTa<br />
mgrZnobelobis amaRleba erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobaTa sakiTxebze;<br />
sxvadasxva Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso dokumentisa da normatiuli aqtis<br />
gacnoba; aseve, erovnebis formirebaze im ZiriTadi Teoriuli da praqtikuli<br />
midgomebis gacnoba, romelic Tanamedrove mecnierebasa da politikaSi<br />
gamoiyeneba da popularulia; mgrZnobelobis amaRleba stereotipuli<br />
da diskriminaciuli azrovnebis mimarT; negatiuri azrovnebis<br />
daZlevis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.<br />
moduli gadmocemulia calkeuli Temebisa da maTi Sesabamisi meTodebisa<br />
da savarjiSoebis aRweris saxiT. Cven Segnebulad ar viZleviT<br />
erTmniSvnelovan, CarCoSi Casmul sqemas, raTa mkiTxvelsa da potenciur<br />
momxmarebels, saqmisadmi SemoqmedebiTad midgomis SemTxvevaSi, sakuTari<br />
prioritetebisa da saWiroebebis kvalobaze, moqnilad moqmedebis saSualeba<br />
mivceT.<br />
Temebis mixedviT gadmocemuli Teoriuli sakiTxebi SesaZloa gamoyenebul<br />
iqnas, rogorc treningis monawileTaTvis dasarigebeli masala.<br />
TiToeul SemoTavazebul savarjiSos Tan axlavs miznis, xangrZlivobis,<br />
gamosayenebeli masalis gansazRvra, romelic danarTSia mocemuli. amas-<br />
Tan, mowodebulia procesis safexurebrivi aRwera, avtorTa rCevebi da<br />
monawileTa SesaZlo daskvnebi.<br />
savarjiSoebis aRwerasTan erTad, moduli moicavs danarTs: e.w. `ener-<br />
25
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
gaizerebis~, anu gamaxalisebeli savarjiSoebis nakrebs, rogorc jgufTan<br />
praqtikuli muSaobisaTvis erT-erT sasargeblo standartul `samuSao<br />
iaraRs~.<br />
treningis Sesavali<br />
Sesavali nawili treningis e.w. `standartebis~ or mniSvnelovan komponents<br />
Seicavs: a. jgufSi monawileebis urTierTgacnobas, rac monawileebSi<br />
ganusazRvrelobasTan dakavSirebuli SesaZlo stresis moxsnasa da<br />
socialuri cnobismoyvareobis dakmayofilebas exmareba; b. molodinebis<br />
gamokveTa, romelic saSualebas aZlevs rogorc sesiis wamyvans, aseve<br />
monawileebs maTi `SekveTis gacnobierebaSi~, rac aucilebeli pirobaa<br />
interaqciuli muSaobis warmarTvisaTvis (ix. nawili pirveli, Tavi II,<br />
qveTavi `treningi`).<br />
Tu Sesavali nawili, monawileTa SesaZlo uxerxulobisa da simorcxvis<br />
gaTvliswinebiT, saxaliso stiliT, taqtianad warimarTa – es jgufis,<br />
rogorc erTi mTlianis Camoyalibebasa da SekvraSi mniSvnelovan rols<br />
Seasrulebs, rac, Tavis mxriv, niadags Seamzadebs erToblivi muSaobisaTvis.<br />
urTierTgacnobis savarjiSoebi<br />
`saxelis istoria~<br />
mizani: monawileebis urTierTgacnoba, `yinulis galRoba`<br />
xangrZlivoba: damokidebulia jgufis sidideze. TiToeul monawiles 1-2<br />
wT. eTmoba.<br />
masala: mkerdze misamagrebeli furceli (saxelis dasawerad 10 ), `markerebi~.<br />
mimdinareoba: monawileebs sTavazobT, furclebze daweron TavianTi saxelebi,<br />
xolo Semdeg wriuli mimarTulebiT TanmimdevrobiT moaxdinon<br />
TviTwardgena: xmamaRla warmoTqvan sakuTari saxeli da masTan<br />
dakavSirebuli istoria (vin daarqva es saxeli an ratom, Tu ician misi<br />
mniSvneloba, rogoria maTi damokidebuleba (moswonT /ar moswonT)<br />
saxelis mimarT da a.S);<br />
avtorTa rCeva: amave mizniT SeiZleba movTxovoT monawileebs TavianTi<br />
gvaris istoriis moyola. es gansakuTrebiT efeqturia iseT kulturul<br />
garemoSi, sadac gvari raimes aRwers an mianiSnebs. mxedvelobaSi iqonieT,<br />
rom zogierTi monawile Zalian `erToba~ sakuTar Tavze TxrobiT da did<br />
dros `itacebs~. amitom Tavidanve daaweseT reglamenti.<br />
10 inglisurad e.w. “name bage”<br />
26
`urTierTwardgena~<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
mizani: monawileTa urTiergacnoba, `yinulis galRoba~.<br />
xangrZlivoba: damokidebulia jgufis sidideze. TiToeul monawiles 1-2<br />
wT. eTmoba.<br />
masala: ar aris saWiro.<br />
mimdinareoba: monawileebi wyvildebian e.w. `ucxoobis wesiT~ (Tu gverdigverd<br />
nacnobebi aRmoCndnen, isini ucnobebTan daawyvileT); monawileebs<br />
eZlevaT instruqcia, rac SeiZleba meti informacia miiRon<br />
TavianT mewyvileebze, raTa gacnobisa da saubris Semdeg isini mTel<br />
jgufs warudginon. erTmaneTis gasacnobad wyvilebs eZlevaT 6 wuTi (3<br />
wT. TiToeuls), amis mere wyvilis TiToeuli wevri waradgens meores<br />
damswre sazogadoebis winaSe.<br />
`saxeli da dadebiTi Tviseba~<br />
mizani: monawileebis gacnoba.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 5-10 wT.<br />
masala: ar aris saWiro.<br />
mimdinareoba: monawileebs sTxovT, wriuli TanmimdevrobiT warmoTqvan<br />
sakuTari saxeli da saxelis pirvel asoze dawyebuli raime zedsarTavi<br />
saxeli, anu maTi dadebiTi Tviseba, romelic axasiaTebT, mag: mari –<br />
mxiaruli, kote – keTili da a.S.<br />
treningis mimarT monawileTa molodinebis gacnobierebis savarjiSoebi<br />
`molodinis xe~<br />
mizani: gamovlindes, Tu ra molodinebi aqvT monawileebs treningis<br />
mimarT<br />
xangrZlivoba: 20 wT.<br />
masala: `flifCarti~, patara misawebebeli feradi furclebi, `markerebi~,<br />
winaswar gamzadebuli naxati – xe – didi formatis qaRaldze (mag.:<br />
`flifCartze~);<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. dafaze vakravT `flifCarts~, sadac winaswar aris<br />
daxatuli fesvebiani da totebgaSlili xe; TiToeul monawiles<br />
urigdeba patara misawebebeli furceli da `markeri~.<br />
safexuri II. monawileebi 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi furclebze weren an<br />
simbolurad gamoxataven, Tu ras elian treningTan/seminarTan<br />
dakavSirebiT.<br />
safexuri III. wamyvani kiTxulobs furclebs, ajamebs da Semdeg akravs<br />
27
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
xeze, fesvebis adgilas. Tu romelime molodini Zalian zogadia,<br />
SekrebilT ganumartavs, rom rac ufro zogadia molodini, miT<br />
ufro naklebia misi miRwevis SesaZlebloba da cdilobs mis<br />
dakonkretebas monawileebTan erTad. mag., xSirad monawileebi<br />
molodins amgvarad ayalibeben: `codnis miReba mocemul sakiTxSi~.<br />
saWiroa dakonkretdes, Tu konkretulad ra saxis codnas<br />
gulisxmobs monawile, gamomdinare Tavisi gamocdilebidan. Tu esa<br />
Tu is molodini ar Seefereba treningisa Tu seminaris miznebs,<br />
mniSvnelovania, wamyvanma igi Tavidanve gaaqarwylos.<br />
safexuri IV. trening-seminaris bolos jgufi ubrundeba `xes~ imis<br />
Sesamowmeblad, Tu ramdenad gamarTlda maTi molodinebi. gamarTlebuli<br />
molodinebis amsaxveli furclebi jgufis wevrebs<br />
gadaaqvT totebisa da nayofis adgilas. aseve, xdeba gaumarTlebeli<br />
molodinebis ganxilva da analizi, rac SeiZleba Semdgomi<br />
muSaobis dagegmvis stimulad iqces.<br />
avtorTa rCeva: rogorc wesi, gamocdili wamyvanebi jgufis winaswari<br />
Seswavlis safuZvelze gaTvlian monawileTa molodins, raTa gaiTvaliswinon<br />
treningis Sinaarsis agebisas. amave dros, uaRresad mniSvnelovania<br />
Ria iyoT monawileTa `moulodneli molodinebis mimarT~ da SeZlebisdagvarad<br />
gaiTvaliswinoT treningis msvlelobaSi, Tu isini ar ewinaaRmdegeba<br />
treningis miznebs. mieciT Tavs moqnilobisa da SemoqmedebiTi<br />
midgomis saSualeba.<br />
`molodini + wvlili~<br />
mizani: monawileebis mier trening-seminarTan dakavSirebuli molodinis<br />
gamovlena<br />
xangrZlivoba: 20 wT.<br />
masala: ori `flifCarti~ warwerebiT `Cemi molodini~ da `Cemi wvlili~,<br />
feradi baraTebi, `markerebi~.<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. TiToeul monawiles eZleva ori feris baraTi da `markeri~.<br />
safexuri II. wamyvani monawileebs sTxovs, 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi<br />
moifiqron da Camoweron erTi feris baraTebze is, Tu ras elian am<br />
treningis/seminarisgan, ra surT rom Tan waiRon (codna, informacia,<br />
unar-Cvevebi, emociebi da a.S.), xolo meore feris baraTze –<br />
ra wvlili SeuZliaT maT, rogorc monawileebs, Seitanon jgufur<br />
muSaobaSi. es davaleba SesaZlebelia xatviTac Sesruldes.<br />
safexuri III. TiToeuli monawile saerTo `flifCartze~ akravs Tavis<br />
furclebs. wamyvani ajamebs Sedegebs, akeTebs komentarebs, akonkretebs<br />
ganzogadebebs.<br />
28
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
avtorTa rCeva: jgufis wevrebis mier Semotanili SesaZlo wvlilis<br />
Tavidanve dazustebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs. xSirad treningi/seminari<br />
monawileTa mier codnis miRebis pasiur procesad aRiqmeba, maSin roca<br />
interaqciuli midgoma gulisxmobs urTierTganaTlebasa da urTierTgamdidrebas.<br />
SeuwyveT xeli monawileebs, Tavidanve gaiazron, rom maTi<br />
aqtiuri monawileoba treningis efeqturobis pirobaa da xels uwyobs<br />
wamyvansa da jgufs Soris urTierTndobis da TanamSromluri urTierTobis<br />
Camoyalibebas.<br />
Tema I. subieqturi realoba<br />
yoveli adamiani Taviseburad unikaluri da ganumeorebelia, gaaCnia<br />
cxovrebis sakuTari istoria da Sesabamisi gamocdileba. gamomdinare Tavisi<br />
bunebidan da gamocdilebidan, adamiani Taviseburad, unikalurad aRiqvams<br />
gare samyaros. Sesabamisad, yovel adamians gaaCnia ganumeorebeli damokidebuleba<br />
samyarosa da sakuTari Tavisadmi, rasac fsiqologiis enaze xSirad<br />
`samyaros models~ uwodeben, xolo konfliqtologiis ki - `subieqtur realobas~.<br />
samyaros modeli, anu subieqturi realoba samyaros asaxavs Cveni Sidapirovnuli<br />
`filtris~ prizmaSi da, Sesabamisad, gansxvavdeba rogorc<br />
obieqturi realobisagan (imdenad, ramdenadac es ukanaskneli arsebobs...),<br />
aseve erTmaneTisagan.<br />
arsebobs metafora, romelic kargad xsnis amgvar urTierTdamokidebulebas:<br />
`ruka ar aris teritoria~. adamianis orientacia ucnob garemoSi<br />
damokidebulia imaze, Tu ramdenad zustia misi ruka. zusti ruka iZleva<br />
saSualebas, dainaxo SesaZleblobebi, rac aucilebeli pirobaa moqmedebis<br />
mimarTulebis, gzis asarCevad.<br />
gansxvavebulis mimarT tolerantobis ganviTarebis<br />
savarjiSo `subieqturi realoba~<br />
mizani: monawileebis mier imis gacnobiereba, Tu ramdenad mravalferovnad,<br />
gansxvavebulad aRiqmeba samyaro sxvadasxva adamianis mier, gamomdinare<br />
pirovnebis xasiaTidan da gamocdilebidan; imis gacnobiereba,<br />
rom konfliqtur dapirispirebaSi gadasvlamde Rirs dafiqrde, Tu<br />
rogor aRiqvams situacias da ras ganicdis meore mxare, anu mxedvelobaSi<br />
miiRo misi subieqturi realoba, rac xSir SemTxveveaSi<br />
konfliqtisa da gaugebrobis Tavidan acilebis saSualebas iZleva.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 15 - 20 wT.<br />
masala:<br />
• boringis orazrovani naxati (ix. qvemoT)<br />
• monawileTaTvis dasarigebeli masala `subieqturi realoba`<br />
29
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. jgufs warudgenen boringis orazrovan naxats. monawileebi<br />
siCumeSi akvirdebian gamosaxulebas. gamosaxulebis eqspozicia,<br />
rogorc wesi, ar aRemateba 20-30 wams.<br />
safexuri II. TiToeuli monawile xmamaRla gamoTqvams, Tu ra gamosaxuleba<br />
dainaxa naxatze. wamyvani ajamebs gamoTqmul versiebs,<br />
romlebic, rogorc wesi, or ZiriTad jgufad iyofa: moxuci da<br />
axalgazrda qali (Tumca, SesaZlebelia gamoTqmuli iyos originaluri<br />
mosazrebanic: mag., fari, mwyemsi biWi, kolba da a.S.). wamyvani<br />
Tavad Semoxazavs orive gamosaxulebis ZiriTad konturebs,<br />
raTa TiToeulma monawilem SeZlos gamosaxulebis danaxva.<br />
safexuri III. monawileebi msjeloben imaze, Tu ram gamoiwvia erTi da<br />
imave gamosaxulebis gansxvavebuli aRqma, ra SeiZleba amas edos<br />
safuZvlad da a.S. diskusia Tavisuflad mimdinareobs.<br />
avtorTa rCeva: Tu jgufis yvela wevri Tavidanve erTnair naxats dainaxavs,<br />
SeecadeT Tqven ikisroT gansxvavebuli pozicia, raTa Tavidan aiciloT<br />
jgufSi erTgvarovani azris Camoyalibeba. waaxaliseT gansxvavebuli<br />
azrebis arseboba, raTa gacnobierebis procesi formaluri ar gaxdes.<br />
kiTxvebi ganxilvisaTvis:<br />
ra moxda jgufSi? ra iyo yuradsaRebi am procesSi?<br />
ram ganapiroba is, rom gamoTqmuli iyo sxvadasxva versia?<br />
SeiZleba Tu ara am savarjiSos ganzogadeba cxovrebiseul magaliTebze?<br />
mag., sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis aRqmebis gasaazreblad?<br />
SeiZleba Tu ara arsebobdes mxolod erTaderTi, WeSmariti xedva<br />
ama Tu im movlenaze?<br />
ra zogadi daskvnis gakeTeba SeiZleba zemoT aRniSnuli procesidan?<br />
safexuri IV. wamyvani sTxovs monawileebs, gaixsenon <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong><br />
urTierTobis erTi romelime realuri faqti, romelic aRqmis<br />
subieqturobis demonstrirebas moaxdens.<br />
SeniSvna:<br />
wamyvani savarjiSos mimdinareobisas mudmivad saubrobs gansxvavebuli<br />
xedvebis erTdrouli Tanaarsebobis SesaZleblobaze<br />
da gansxvavebuli poziciebis arsebobis Tanabaruflebianobaze;<br />
savarjiSos bolos ki uyveba monawileebs subieqturi realobis<br />
cnebis Sesaxeb.<br />
SesaZlo daskvnebi:<br />
• yvela adamiani unikaluria, amitom imdeni xedva arsebobs, ramdeni<br />
adamianicaa;<br />
30
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
• rogorc `orazrovani suraTi~, ise cxovrebiseuli situaciebi, xSirad<br />
iZlevian aracalsaxa aRqmisa da interpretaciis stimuls,<br />
sababs;<br />
• aRqmis subieqturoba ar aris negatiuri movlena, is samyaros mravalferovans<br />
xdis da adamianebs aZlevs ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas;<br />
• adamianma unda SeZlos SezRuduli, calmxrivi xedvebisagan Tavis daRweva,<br />
sakuTar TavSi ganaviTaros sxvisi TvaliT movlenis danaxvis unari.<br />
es mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs konfliqtis eskalaciis 11 albaTobas;<br />
• eTnikuri urTierTobebi metad faqizi sferoa. Sexedulebebi am<br />
sferoSi wlebisa da saukuneebis manZilze yalibdeba im xedvidan da<br />
realobidan gamomdinare, romelSic eTnoss uwevs arseboba;<br />
• subieqturi realoba axasiaTebs rogorc jgufebs, ise pirovnebebs.<br />
Tumca, jgufis mier Camoyalibebuli azris Secvla gacilebiT rTuli,<br />
xangrZlivi da Sromatevadi procesia; eTnosTa TanacxovrebisaTvis<br />
es mniSvnelovani gamowvevaa.<br />
Tema II. eTnikuroba<br />
am TemaSi gadmocemuli masala gamocdil mkiTxvels SesaZloa metismetad<br />
gasadavebulad eCvenos. ramdenime gverdze marTlac SeuZlebelia eTnikurobis<br />
Sesaxeb informaciis srulfasovani gadmocema; es xom sakiTxis ganxilvas<br />
iseTi uaRresad didi da tevadi Temebis konteqstSi moiTxovs, rogoricaa<br />
preindustriuli sazogadoeba, modernizmi, eris mSenebloba da nacionalizmi,<br />
postmodernizmi, postindustriuli sazogadoebis faseulobebi da globalizacia,<br />
saxelmwifo mowyobis modelebi da a.S. Cven mizans ar warmoadgenda<br />
am uaRresad mniSvnelovani da saintereso sakiTxebis gaSla/ganxilva.<br />
masalis gadmocemisas CvenTvis mniSvnelovani iyo, upirveles yovlisa, sami<br />
sakiTxis xazgasma:<br />
a. Sexeduleba eTnikuri identobis imTaviTve mocemulobaze, Tandayolilobaze,<br />
romelic mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs Cveni drois eTnopolitikur<br />
konfliqtebSi – es mxolod erT-erTi Teoriaa, romelsac aqvs<br />
Rirseuli alternativebi, romelnic eTnikur identobas rogorc SeZenil/qmnad/ganviTarebad<br />
maxasiaTebels ganixilaven (ix. qveTavi `eTnikurobis<br />
Teoriebi~);<br />
b. samoqalaqo identobis CarCos ZaluZs eTnikuri identobis safuZvelze<br />
aRmocenebuli winaaRmdegobebis gadalaxva, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi ar uaryofs<br />
da aRiarebs mas (ix. qveTavi `saxelmwifos mowyobis modelebi eTnikuri<br />
da samoqalaqo principiT~);<br />
g. dargSi ar arsebobs arc sakvanZo cnebebis erTmniSvnelovani gageba-gan-<br />
11 ix. terminTa ganmartebebi<br />
31
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
sazRvreba, da arc sayovelTaod aRiarebuli Tu miRebuli erTi Teoria. es<br />
aucilebels xdis saxvadasxva kuTxiT danaxul, gaazrebul da gansazRvrul<br />
masalas gavecnoT, raTa terminologiuri Tu cnebaTa Seusabamobis gamo<br />
gaugebroba Tavidan aviciloT, da eTnikurobisa da saxelmwifo mowyobis<br />
sakiTxebis mimarT Tvalsawieri gavifarTovoT. imedi gvaqvs, rom Temis<br />
farglebSi qvemoT moyvanili masala mkiTxvels interess gauRvivebs da igi<br />
am mimarTulebiT specialuri literaturis gacnobas ganagrZobs.<br />
ZiriTadi gansazRvrebani<br />
a. eTnosi, eTnikuri jgufi<br />
arsebobs eTnosis mravali gansazRvreba. Cven ramodenime maTgans<br />
SemogTavazebT 12 :<br />
- eTnosi aris gansazRvrul teritoriaze adamianTa istoriulad Camoyalibebuli<br />
erToba, romelsac gaaCnia saerTo, SedarebiT stabiluri<br />
enobrivi, kulturuli, fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebi da sxva erTobebisagan<br />
gansxvavebulobis gancda, aRbeWdili mis TviTcnobierebaSi;<br />
- eTnosebi sivrcobrivad SemosazRvruli specifikuri kulturuli<br />
informaciis `naglejebi~ arian, xolo intereTnikuri urTierToba aseTi<br />
informaciis gacvlas warmoadgens;<br />
- eTnikuri jgufi aris adamianTa populacia, romlis wevrebi erTmaneTTan<br />
aigiveben Tavs saerTo warmomavlobis an winaprebis, saerTo<br />
kulturis, qcevebis, enis an religiis safuZvelze.<br />
rom ganvazogadoT, eTnikuri jgufis saerTo identoba dafuZnebulia<br />
rasobriv, erovnul, an religiur kuTvnilebaze.<br />
b. eri, nacia<br />
analogiurad eTnosisa, eris erTi, sayovelTaod miRebuli gansazRvreba<br />
ar arsebobs. qvemoT gTavazobT sxvadasxva wyarodan amokrefil<br />
gansazRvrebaTa rigs. maTSi bevri ram emTxveva erTmaneTs, Tumca TiToeuli<br />
Seicavs erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul erT an ramdenime elements:<br />
nacia/eri aris didi gaerTianeba an aglomeracia adamianebisa, romlebic<br />
iziareben maTTvis saerTo da sxvebisagan ganmasxvavebel rasobriv,<br />
enobriv, istoriul an kulturul memkvidreobas. es xels uwyobs<br />
adamianebs, aRiqvan Tavi maTTvis Rirebul bunebriv gaerTianebas mikuTvnebulad:<br />
`Cven erT bedqveS varT da ase unda gagrZeldes samudamod~.<br />
eri xalxis erToba, vinc moaxdina TviTgamorkveva, aqvs saerTo istoria,<br />
ena, kultura da qveyana.<br />
eri aris xalxis, kulturisa da teritoriuli mTlianobis yvelaze<br />
mdgradi organizacia.<br />
eri aris SedarebiT didi jgufi adamianebisa, romlebsac organizebas<br />
12 ix. gamoyenebuli literaturis sia<br />
32
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
uwevs da marTavs erTi damoukidebeli mTavroba; aqvT teritoria, damoukidebeli<br />
saxelmwifo, saerTo wes-Cveulebebi, warmomavloba da istoria.<br />
eri aris erToba xalxisa saerTo warmomavlobiT, istoriiT, eniT,<br />
kulturiT da sxva, magram ar aris aucilebeli, mas hqondes saxelmwifo an<br />
teritoriuli sazRvrebi.<br />
eri aris kulturulad homogenuri adamianebis jgufi, ufro didi,<br />
vidre tomi an Temi, romelic iziarebs saerTo enas, instituciebs,<br />
religias da istoriul gamocdilebas.<br />
rom ganvazogadoT, nacia/eri, _ es aris im adamianTa erToblioba,<br />
romelTa saerTo identoba qmnis fsiqologiur sazRvrebs da politikur<br />
erTobas.<br />
g. erovneba<br />
erovnebis cneba sxvadasxva kulturaSi sxvadasxvagvarad gaigeba. kavkasiur,<br />
koleqtivistur kulturaSi, eTnosisa da erovnebis cnebebi erTmaneTTan<br />
Zalian axlos dgas, Tumca dasavluri kultura ganasxvavebs am<br />
cnebebs. dasavlur (evropul da amerikul) mecnierebaSi erovneba ufro<br />
farTo cnebaa, vidre eTnosi da uaxlovdeba eris gagebas; anu, dasavluri<br />
gagebiT, erovneba SeiZleba aRniSnavdes da moicavdes pirovnebis moqalaqeobas,<br />
eTnikur warmomavlobas, saxelmwifoebriobas, enas da sxva faqtorebs.<br />
rogorc vxedavT, eTnosis/erovnebisa da eris mecnieruli ganmartebebi<br />
TiTqmis emTxveva erTmaneTs. didi msgavsebis miuxedavad, maT<br />
ganmasxvaveblad SeiZleba miviCnioT saxelmwifos qona, rac damaxasiaTebelia<br />
erisaTvis, xolo eTnosebi da erovnebebi SeiZleba gabneulni iyvnen<br />
sxvadasxva er-saxelmwifoebSi. mag., safrangeTSi mcxovrebi senegaleli<br />
erovnebis moqalaqe miekuTvneba frang ers.<br />
eTnikurobis Teoriebi<br />
(Teoriebi, romlebic gansazRvraven erovnebis<br />
Camoyalibebisa da Secvlis meqanizmebs)<br />
socialur mecnierebebSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs sakiTxs eTnosisa<br />
da eTnikuri identobis warmoSobis Sesaxeb. eTnologiis erT-erTi<br />
mimdinareobaa primordializmi (zogi avtoris mixedviT _ esencializmi).<br />
primordializmis mixedviT, eTnikuroba Tandayolili Tvisebaa, romelic<br />
safuZvlad udevs jgufis (eTnikur/erovnul) TviTaRqmas. am mimarTulebis<br />
zogierTi orTodoqsi mimdevari miiCnevs, rom eTnikurobas biologiuri<br />
fesvebi aqvs, xolo jgufuri eTnikuri identoba gadaecema Taobidan<br />
Taobas.<br />
33
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
primordializmis sapirispiro mimarTulebas warmoadgens konstruqtivizmi.<br />
maqs veberze dayrdnobiT, konstruqtivizmi xazs usvams saerTo<br />
warmomavlobis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis wevrebis rwmenis upirates mniSvnelobas<br />
faqtobriv, biologiur mocemulobasTan SedarebiT. amdenad, konstruqtivizmis<br />
Tanaxmad, eTnikuri identoba socialurad aris konstruirebuli,<br />
politikuri elitis mier Zalauflebis misaRwevad. Sesabamisad,<br />
igi aris cvalebadi, advilad <strong>marTva</strong>di da eqvemdebareba jgufuri cnobierebis<br />
movlenebs, anu, igi aranairad ar aris Tandayolili.<br />
kidev erTi mniSvnelovani Teoria, romelic enaTesaveba konstruqtivizms,<br />
aris instrumentalizmi. am Teoriis Tanaxmad, eTnikuroba aris<br />
situaciuri, cvalebadi da damokidebuli sazogadoebis struqturaze.<br />
amasTanave, eTnikuri identobis Rirebuleba mravali sxvadasxva faqtoris<br />
fonze SeiZleba izrdebodes an mcirdebodes. erT-erTi amgvari faqtori<br />
aris politikosTa unari, efeqturad moaxdinon adamianTa jgufis<br />
mobilizeba saerTo miznis misaRwevad.<br />
zogierTi avtoris mixedviT, eTnikuri identoba eyrdnoba kulturuli<br />
gansxvavebulobis socialurad sanqcionirebul, magram ara realur<br />
Sexedulebebs. Sesabamisad, eTnikuri identoba gulisxmobs warmomavlobis<br />
Sesaxeb urTierTgaziarebul Sexedulebebs (fiqtiuri naTesaoba), kultura<br />
ki _ ziar xatebs (reprezentaciebs), normebsa da Cveulebebs.<br />
amgvarad, konstruqtivizmisa da instrumentalizmis mixedviT, eTnikuri<br />
jgufebi ar warmoadgenen statikurad arsebul erTeulebs, romelTac<br />
adamiani obieqturad miekuTvneba an ar miekuTvneba. mikuTvnebuloba damokidebulia<br />
garemo faqtorebsa da Sinagan Rirebulebaze, romelsac pirovneba<br />
aniWebs eTnikur kuTvnilebas.<br />
saxelmwifo mowyobis modelebi eTnikuri da samoqalaqo principiT<br />
dRes msoflioSi daaxloebiT 200 eri-saxelmwifoa, Tumca arsebobs<br />
5000 eTnosi da erovneba.<br />
eri-saxelmwifo aris saxelmwifo, romelSic dominirebs erTi erovnuli<br />
identoba da romelsac gaaCnia suverenuli mTavroba. eri-saxelmwifoebis<br />
magaliTs warmoadgenen ganviTarebuli qveynebi, mag.: safrangeTi,<br />
germania, aSS (sadac dominanti erebia, Sesabamisad, frangi, germaneli, amerikeli);<br />
aseve kanada da belgia, sadac erTdroulad ori dominanti eri<br />
arsebobs.<br />
eri-saxelmwifoebi gansxvavdebian imis mixedviT, Tu rogor aris<br />
gagebuli maTTan eris cneba da rogor aris Camoyalibebuli erovnuli<br />
identoba. ganasxvaveben eris gagebis germanul da frangul models.<br />
germanuli modelis mixedviT, eris gageba efuZneba Sexedulebas saer-<br />
To warmomavlobis, enis, kulturisa da istoriis Sesaxeb, anu SeiZleba<br />
34
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
iTqvas, rom aseTi gageba eTnikurobis gagebis primordialuri variantia<br />
(ix. zemoT). am midgomis mixedviT, eTnikuri jgufis identoba yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovania saxelmwifoSi. eTnikuri jgufi gamoirCeva misTvis Tandayolili<br />
urTierTsolidarobis grZnobiT, amitom mas axasiaTebs sxva jgufebisagan<br />
gamijvnis tendencia da dayofa kategoriebad `Cven~ da `sxvebi~.<br />
Sesabamisad, eTnikuri jgufi iRebs `Cvens~ da Seuwynarebelia `sxvebis~<br />
mimarT. es modeli Tandayolil konfliqts gulisxmobs da eTnikuri<br />
midgomis radikaluri ideologizebis safrTxes moicavs, rogorc moxda<br />
gasuli saukunis Sua wlebSi germaniaSi.<br />
franguli modeli eyrdnoba eris gagebas moqalaqeobriv CarCoebSi. es<br />
niSnavs, rom saxelmwifoSi mcxovreb yvela adamians, ganurCevlad eTnikuri<br />
warmomavlobisa, aqvs Tanabari SesaZleblobebi da identobis dadgenaSi<br />
gadamwyvetia maTi moqalaqeoba. germanuli modelis sapirispirod,<br />
franguli modeli konstruqtivistul (ix. zemoT) Tvalsazriss eyrdnoba.<br />
amgvari saxelmwifo Tvlis, rom eTnikuri kuTvnileba socialurad qmnadia<br />
da aZlevs uflebas pirovnebas, socialur-politikuri garemos Sesabamisad,<br />
airCios Tavisi eTnikuri kuTvnileba; aqedan gamomdinare, eTnikuroba<br />
SeiZleba Seicvalos socialur-politikur cvlilebebTan erTad,<br />
Sesabamisad pirovnebis subieqturi rwmenisa imis Taobaze, Tu romel<br />
eTnikur jgufs miekuTvneba igi. franguli modelis Tanaxmad, politikuri<br />
Zalaufleba da socialuri daswavla 13 is ZiriTadi faqtorebia, romlebic<br />
gavlenas axdens erovnebis an eTnikurobis Camoyalibebasa da cvlilebaze.<br />
saxelmwifo mowyobis sferoSi am midgomam farTo gamoyeneba pova II<br />
msoflio omis Semdgom. konstruqtivistuli midgoma, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu<br />
igi radikaluri formiT gatarda, moicavs eTnikuri sazRvrebis waSlisa<br />
da asimilaciis risks.<br />
multikulturalizmis modeli gulisxmobs saxelmwifoSi eTnikuri<br />
jgufebisaTvis gansakuTrebuli garemos Seqmnas, ramac unda uzrunvelyos<br />
maTi TviTmyofadobis SenarCuneba da ganviTareba. aq saxelmwifo, garda<br />
imisa, rom sTavazobs qveyanaSi mcxovreb eTnosebs moqalaqeobaze dafuZnebul<br />
Tanabar SesaZleblobebs, amave dros, zrunavs maTi eTnikuri identobis<br />
SenarCunebaze. aseT models uwodeben, agreTve, eTnokulturuli<br />
mravalferovnebis koncefcias. multikulturalizmis SemTxvevaSi, adamiani<br />
mimReblobs im CarCoebs, uflebebsa da movaleobebs, romelic gaaCnia,<br />
rogorc mocemuli saxelmwifos moqalaqes. paralelurad amisa, mas eZleva<br />
saSualeba SeinarCunos erovnuli/eTnikuri identobac, romelic ar gaxdeba<br />
diskriminaciisa Tu eTnokonfliqtis 14 mizezi, piriqiT, iqneba aRiarebuli<br />
da pativcemuli.<br />
Tumca, mutikulturalizmis modelic moicavs Tavis TavSi garkveul<br />
13 ix. terminTa ganmartebani<br />
14 cnobilia, rom eTnikurma konfliqtebma me-20 saukunis 90-iani wlebis msoflioSi<br />
aRnusxuli SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis 70%-s miaRwia.<br />
35
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
risks. magaliTisaTvis SeiZleba moviyvanoT globalizaciis epoqisaTvis<br />
damaxasiTebeli migraciis maRal masStabTan dakavSirebuli riskebi.<br />
adamianTa nakadebma, romlebic e.w. `mesame qveynebidan~ iZvris, SesaZloa<br />
maspinZel ganviTarebul qveynebSi konfliqtis safrTxe Seqmnas. adgilobrivi<br />
kultura myisierad ver SeZlebs verc TviTtransfomacias, verc<br />
didi raodenobis adamianTa azrovnebis wesis Secvlas. amave dros, maspin-<br />
Zeli saxelmwifos eTnikuri umravlesobisaTvis, SezRuduli resursebis<br />
(prestiJuli samuSao adgilebi, socialuri privilegiebi da a.S) gaziarebas<br />
`umciresobebisaTvis~ SesaZloa axldes problemebi. amitom, multikulturaluri<br />
modelis cxovrebaSi danergva-ganxorcieleba SesaZloa mimdinareobdes<br />
mxolod multikulturaluri sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis<br />
ganviTarebasTan erTad.<br />
Sesabamisi savarjiSoebi<br />
savarjiSo eTnikuri/erovnuli da moqalaqeobrivi identobebis<br />
gacnobierebaze `ringi~<br />
mizani: monawileebis mier erovnebis\eTnikuri kuTvnilebisa da moqalaqeobis<br />
Sesaxeb sakuTari Sexedulebebisa da damokidebulebebis gacnobiereba,<br />
msjelobis safuZvelze maTi ukeT gaazreba da saWiroebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, poziciis konstruqciulad Secvla; Teoriuli informaciis<br />
miReba erovnebis formirebis mimarT mecnierul da sazogadoebaSi<br />
gavrcelebul midgomebze; erovnuli umciresobebis uflebebis<br />
gacnobiereba.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 40 wT.<br />
masala:<br />
winaswar momzadebuli debulebebi:<br />
1. `erovneba Tandayolili maxasiaTebelia da misi Secvla SeuZlebelia~;<br />
2. `Tanamedrove adamianze moqalaqeoba ufro mniSvnelovan gavlenas<br />
axdens, vidre erovneba~;<br />
3. `gansakuTrebuli uflebebis miniWeba eTnikuri umciresobebisa-<br />
Tvis ewinaaRmdegeba konstitucias, romlis Tanaxmad yvela moqalaqe<br />
Tanasworia~.<br />
ori warwera – `sruliad veTanxmebi~ da `sruliad ar veTanxmebi`<br />
monawileTaTvis dasarigebeli masala (`eTnikurobis Teoriebi`).<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. wamyvani or mopirdapire kedelze akravs furclebs warweriT:<br />
`sruliad veTanxmebi~ da `sruliad ar veTanxmebi~.<br />
safexuri II. wamyvani rigrigobiT ukiTxavs monawileebs winaswar gamza-<br />
36
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
debul debulebebs. is monawileebi, romlebic eTanxmebian gamo-<br />
Tqmul debulebebs, dgebian Sesabamis warwerasTan (`sruliad ve-<br />
Tanxmebi`), xolo isini, vinc ar eTanxmebian debulebas, warwerasTan<br />
`sruliad ar veTanxmebi~. monawileebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon arsebuli<br />
sivrce imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad ukiduresia maTi pozicia;<br />
mag., Tu jgufis wevrs ar gaaCnia mkafiod Camoyalibebuli Sexeduleba,<br />
mas SeuZlia dadges SuaSi an ama Tu im `polusTan~ SedarebiT<br />
axlos.<br />
safexuri III. TiToeuli debulebis wakiTxvisa da monawileTa poziciebis<br />
gamokveTis Semdeg wamyvani yvela msurvels aZlevs SesaZleblobas,<br />
gamoTqvas sakuTari azri da Camoayalibos Tavisi pozicia<br />
– ratom daeTanxma an ar daeTanxma igi ama Tu im debulebas. aq<br />
wamyvani cdilobs, yvela monawiles misces azris gamoTqmis Tanabari<br />
SesaZlebloba, aseve cdilobs, maqsimalurad konstruqciulad<br />
marTos diskusia.<br />
safexuri IV. rodesac yvela monawile gamoTqvams Tavis damokidebulebas,<br />
wamyvani ajamebs Sexedulebebs da jgufs Semdegi debulebis<br />
ganxilvas sTavazobs.<br />
kiTxvebi ganxilvisaTvis:<br />
Tqveni azriT, ra iqneba TiToeuli am Sexedulebis ukiduresi ganviTareba?<br />
romeli modeli xorcieldeba Cvens qveyanaSi amJamad da romelia<br />
yvelaze misaRebi?<br />
SegiZliaT daasaxeloT magaliTebi Tqveni Sexedulebis dasadastureblad?<br />
safexuri V. dasasrul, wamyvani ajamebs monawileTa msjelobasa da<br />
msjelobis safuZvelze maT mier gamotanil daskvnebs.<br />
SesaZlo daskvnebi:<br />
• erovnuli TviTcnobierebis Camoyalibeba rTuli procesia, romelSic<br />
gadamwyveti roli socialur institutebs uWiravT. maTi<br />
meSveobiT yalibdeba pirovneba da iZens erovnul TviTaRqmas;<br />
• orive - moqalaqeoba da erovneba - mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens<br />
Tanamedrove adamianze. adamiani Tavisi qveynis moqalaqea da<br />
amavdroulad rCeba sakuTari erovnebis matarebelad;<br />
• eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis saWiroa droebiT `gansakuTrebuli<br />
uflebebis~ miniWeba, gansakuTrebuli (e.w. `pozitiuri~) zomebis<br />
gatareba, rac maT qveyanas saSualebas miscems, momavalSi umtkivneulod<br />
ganxorcielos konstituciiT gansazRvruli Tanasworobis<br />
ufleba. qveynis konstitucia aris dokumenti, romelic uzrunvel-<br />
37
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
yofs Cvens qveyanaSi moqalaqeTa Tanasworobas miuxedavad maTi<br />
rasobrivi, erovnuli, eTnikuri, religiuri, lingvisturi Tu sxva<br />
kuTvnilebisa. Tumca konstituciis aRsrulebas exmareba kanonebi,<br />
romlebSic saWiroa Tanasworobis realuri miRwevisaTvis meqanizmebis<br />
dakonkreteba;<br />
• diskusiis procesSi ikveTeba, rom erovnebis Secvla-SenarCunebaze<br />
zemoqmedebas axdens Semdegi faqtorebi:<br />
TviTgancda da TviTidentoba, anu pirovnebis mier sakuTari<br />
Tavis gancda ama Tu im eTnikur jgufs mikuTvnebulad;<br />
sociumis zewola, anu is, Tu ramdenad miiRebs irgvliv myofi<br />
`Zveli~ da `axali~ sociumi pirovnebis arCevans erovnebis Secvlis<br />
Taobaze da ganaxorcielebs Tu ara masze zewolas;<br />
iZuleba (politikuri an sxva saxis), rodesac qveynis politikuri<br />
kursi pirdapir an arapirdapir aiZulebs moqalaqes, SiSis<br />
gamo an raime SeRavaTis miRebis surviliT, erovnebis Secvlas<br />
an SenarCunebas;<br />
adamianis aRqma biologiurad da genetikurad determinirebul<br />
arsebad, rac am aRqmis matarebels ubiZgebs biologiuri maxasiaTeblebis<br />
erToblioba CavTvalos erovnebis ucvlelobis<br />
argumentad;<br />
drois faqtori: SesaZloa adamianma romelime zemoT CamoTvlili<br />
mizezis gamo Tavis sicocxleSi ver SeZlos erovnebis<br />
srulfasovnad Secvla, Tumca Taobebis ganmavlobaSi cvlileba<br />
ganxorcielebadia.<br />
• moqalaqeoba eTnikurobasTan SedarebiT ufro dinamikuri da advilad<br />
cvalebadi faqtoria.<br />
safexuri VI. savarjiSos bolos wamyvani ajamebs Sedegebs da acnobs<br />
jgufis monawileebs Tanamedrove Teoriebsa da Sexedulebebs erovneba-moqalaqeobis<br />
Sesaxeb (ix. Teoriuli masala Temis dasawyisSi).<br />
avtorTa rCeva: erovnebisa da eTnikurobis cnebebi kavkasiuri kulturebisaTvis<br />
erTmaneTTan Zalze axlos mdgomi cnebebia, maSin, rodesac<br />
zogierT dasavlur, individulistur kulturaSi `erovneba~ ufro<br />
farTo konteqstis mqone cnebaa, moicavs moqalaqeobisa da saxelmwifoebriobis<br />
elementebs da uaxlovdeba eris gagebas. amitom, Tu wamyvani da<br />
monawileebi Tavidanve gansazRvraven am terminebis maTeul `samuSao~<br />
gagebas, isini Tavidan aicileben azrobriv aRrevasa da gaugebrobas.<br />
38
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
savarjiSo erovnuli umciresobebisa da umravlesobis<br />
urTierTmimarTebebis gacnobierebaze `saCuqari~<br />
mizani: gaazreba imisa, Tu ramdenad gansazRvravs adamianis qcevas, mis damokidebulebas<br />
sxva adamianebisadmi misi ama Tu im statusis mqone<br />
jgufisadmi kuTvnileba; gaazreba imisa, Tu ramdenad gansazRvravs<br />
jgufis statusi am jgufis wevrebis qcevasa da damokidebulebas sxva<br />
jgufebisa Tu adamianebis mimarT.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 30 wT.<br />
masala:<br />
• rolebis (jgufebis) aRmniSvneli warwerebi;<br />
• furclebi, `markerebi~;<br />
• cxrili CanawerebisaTvis (didi formatis qaRaldze);<br />
• monawileTaTvis dasarigebeli masala<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. monawileebi iyofian 4 jgufad. TiToeul jgufs eZleva<br />
roli da Sesabamisi warwera: `eTnikuri umravlesoba~, `xelisufleba~,<br />
`eTnikuri umciresoba #1~ da `eTnikuri umciresoba #2~ (Tu<br />
jgufi didia). wamyvani jgufebs aZlevs Semdeg instruqcias: `Tqven<br />
gaqvT SesaZlebloba, TiToeul sxva jgufs gaukeToT nebismieri<br />
ori saCuqari. amisaTvis geZlevaT 10 wuTi~.<br />
safexuri II. yvela jgufi gadascems saCuqars danarCen jgufebs<br />
sityvierad (SeiZleba agreTve werilobiT, naxatis an simbolos<br />
saxiT, an kombinirebulad). saCuqris mimReb jgufs SeuZlia miiRos<br />
saCuqari an uari Tqvas masze. CawereT Sedegebi winaswar Sedgenil<br />
cxrilSi.<br />
safexuri III. mas Semdeg, rac yvela jgufi gacvlis saCuqrebs, iwyeba<br />
ganvlili procesis erToblivi ganxilva.<br />
kiTxvebi ganxilvisaTvis:<br />
• ramdenad gagiadvildaT rolSi Sesvla?<br />
• ratom SeurCieT ama Tu im jgufs esa Tu es saCuqari?<br />
• moewonaT Tu ara jgufebs SeTavazebuli saCuqrebi? Tu moewonaT<br />
– ratom?<br />
• Tu ar moewonaT da uari Tqves – ratom?<br />
• ra molodini hqondaT jgufebs erTmaneTis mimarT? da a.S.<br />
wamyvani monawileebs sTxovs, Seajamon msjeloba daskvnebis saxiT.<br />
SesaZlo daskvnebi:<br />
• sxvadasxva statusisa da poziciis mqone jgufebs Soris xSirad ar<br />
arsebobs sakmarisi komunikacia, rac maT xels uSlis, dainaxon<br />
erTmaneTis realuri saWiroebebi da moTxovnilebebi. savarjiSos<br />
39
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
instruqcia ar krZalavs jgufebis wevrTa erTmaneTTan mimosvlas<br />
an gamokiTxvas, Tumca monawileebi am SesaZleblobas naklebad agneben<br />
da iyeneben;<br />
• jgufis statusi da pozicia saxelmwifoSi gansazRvravs mis qcevas<br />
da damokidebulebas sxva jgufebis mimarT;<br />
• mas Semdeg, rac pirovneba ama Tu im jgufis wevri xdeba, igi<br />
statusis gavlenis qveS eqceva da misi qceva ganpirobebulia axali<br />
jgufis dawerili Tu dauwereli normebiT;<br />
• savarjiSos Sesrulebis dros ganviTarebuli procesebi Cveni sazogadoebis<br />
models qmnis da SesaZleblobas iZleva, ukeT gavacnobieroT<br />
sxvadasxva eTnikur jgufebs Soris arsebuli damokidebulebebi.<br />
avtorTa rCeva:<br />
• savarjiSos ganxilvis procesSi monawileebs xSirad uWirT rolebidan<br />
gamosvla da agrZeleben erTmaneTis kritikas. am dros<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom wamyvanma SeZlos maTi disocireba 15 ise, rom maT<br />
SeZlon process gare-damkvirveblis TvaliT Sexedon. amisaTvis,<br />
dausviT jgufis wevrebs kiTxvebi, romlebic maT realobasTan<br />
daabrunebs, Tanac auxseniT, rom kiTxvebi maT rolidan gamoyvanas isaxavs<br />
miznad. mag.: ramdeni Svili gyavT? ra sagani gainteresebdaT<br />
yvelaze metad skolaSi an umaRlesSi? da a.S. kiTxvebi neitraluri<br />
unda iyos da ar iWrebodes Rrma pirovnul sferoSi, raTa monawilem<br />
uxerxulad ar igrZnos Tavi;<br />
• auxseniT monawileebs `struqturuli diskriminaciisa~ da `reversuli/pozitiuri<br />
diskriminaciis~ cnebaTa arsi (ix. Tavi II, Tema IV da<br />
terminTa ganmartebani);<br />
• xSirad gvqonia SemTxveva, roca savarjiSos ganxilvisas aRmoCenila,<br />
rom `eTnikuri umravlesobis~ rolSi myof monawileebs Tavi daCagrulad<br />
ugrZvniaT da SeqmniaT STabeWdileba, rom `mTavrobam~ `umciresobas~<br />
meti yuradReba miaqcia. aseTi magaliTi SesaZleblobas<br />
mogcemT daubrundeT `gansakuTrebuli/pozitiuri zomebis~ strategiis<br />
ganxilvas da gacnobierebas.<br />
Tema III. erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobaTa<br />
maregulirebeli saerTaSoriso dokumentebi<br />
dResdReobiT saerTaSoriso samarTalSi ar arsebobs terminis `erovnuli<br />
umciresoba 16 ~ zusti ganmarteba, Tumca mecnierTa da specialistTa<br />
umravlesoba Tanxmdeba Semdeg gansazRvrebaze: erovnuli umciresoba aris<br />
15 ix. terminTa ganmartebani<br />
16 saerTaSoriso samarTalSi gamoiyeneba rogorc `eTnikuri”, aseve `erovnuli umciresoba”.<br />
es terminebi Tavisi SinaarsiT identuria.<br />
40
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
mocemul qveyanaSi mudmivad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis aradominirebuli<br />
nawili, romelic umravlesobisagan gansxvavdeba Tavisi eTnikuri, religiuri<br />
Tu lingvisturi maxasiaTeblebiT da surs SeinarCunos sakuTari<br />
TviTmyofadoba.<br />
aradominirebuli pozicia gulisxmobs ara raodenobas, aramed sazogadoebriv<br />
mdgomareobas; rogorc wesi, eTnikur umciresobebs ara aqvT<br />
saSualeba daikavon wamyvani poziciebi saxelmwifoSi. mniSvnelovania is<br />
faqti, rom Tavad erovnulma umciresobam unda gadawyvitos, gaaCnia Tu<br />
ara mas es statusi.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, Tu rogori wyobaa saxelmwifoSi _ diqtatura Tu<br />
demokratia, cxadia, umciresobebis warmomadgenlebs aqvT kanonieri interesebi,<br />
romelTa dacva aucilebelia.<br />
sxvadasxva umciresobis warmomadgenlebi daculni arian mTeli rigi<br />
saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT, romelTac gaaCniaT iuridiuli Zala. gansakuTrebiT<br />
mniSvnelovani konvenciebia:<br />
• adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia (gaeros pirveli dokumenti,<br />
1948 w.);<br />
• iuneskos konvencia ganaTlebis dargSi diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg<br />
(1960 w.);<br />
• gaeros rasobrivi diskriminaciis yvela formis aRkveTis saerTa-<br />
Soriso konvencia (1965 w.);<br />
• gaeros samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqti<br />
(1966 w.);<br />
• saerTaSoriso paqti ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebebze<br />
(1966 w.);<br />
• gaeros konvencia qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis likvidaciis<br />
Sesaxeb (1979 w.);<br />
• gaeros konvencia bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb (1989 w.);<br />
• evrosabWos CarCo-konvencia erovnul umciresobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb<br />
(1995 w.);<br />
mocemuli konvenciebis xelmomwer qveynebs gaaCniaT garkveuli iuridiuli<br />
valdebulebani. zemoT CamoTvlilTan erTad, gaerom miiRo deklaracia<br />
im pirTa uflebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic miekuTvnebian erovnul,<br />
religiur Tu lingvistur umciresobebs.<br />
garda iuridiuli Zalis mqone saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebisa, arsebobs<br />
e.w. politikuri dokumentebi, maTi TvalsaCino magaliTia evropis usafrTxoebisa<br />
da TanamSromlobis organizaciis (euTos) dokumentebi. miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom ar arian savaldebulo iuridiuli kuTxiT, isini ukiduresad<br />
faseulni arian, ramdenadac miRebulia yoveli monawile-qveynis<br />
Tanxmobis safuZvelze da aqvT politikuri rekomendaciebis saxe.<br />
euTos mier miRebulia mravali mniSvnelovani dokumenti im pirTa uf-<br />
41
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
lebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic miekuTvnebian erovnul umciresobebs. erTerTi<br />
aseTia 1990 wlis kopenhagenis eqspertTa TaTbiris Sedegad Seqmnili<br />
dokumenti. es aris pirveli dokumenti, sadac aRwerilia erovnuli umciresobebis<br />
minimaluri uflebebis paketi demokratiul saxelmwifoSi. igi<br />
exeba iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, rogoricaa:<br />
• e.w. `aradiskriminacia~;<br />
• Tanasworobis waxaliseba;<br />
• kulturis, religiis, enisa da tradiciebis SenarCuneba;<br />
• SekrebaTa, azris, sityvis, sindisisa da religiis Tavisufleba;<br />
• ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba;<br />
• sazRvargareT kontaqtebi da TanamSromloba;<br />
• sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi monawileoba;<br />
• iZulebiTi asimilaciis akrZalva da sxva.<br />
kopenhagenis dokumenti mTlianad ver moicavs yvela aspeqts, romelic<br />
Seexeba erovnuli umciresobebis uflebebis dacvas. zogierTi punqti, magaliTad,<br />
religiis Tvisuflebis, Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis da a.S.<br />
gacilebiT kargad aris mocemuli sxva dokumentebSi. am TalsazrisiT<br />
mniSvnelovania euTos iseTi dokumentebis gacnoba, rogoricaa: 1975 wlis<br />
daskvniTi dokumenti helsinkis Sexvedris Semdeg; madridis dokumenti<br />
(1983 w.); venis dokumenti (1989 w.) da erovnuli umciresobebis eqspertTa<br />
Jenevis angariSi (1991 w). am ukanasknels gaaCnia euTos oficialuri dokumentis<br />
statusi da Seicavs garkveul meqanizmebsa da indikatorebs<br />
erovnuli umciresobebis uflebaTa realizaciisaTvis. Tumca, igi mxolod<br />
aRwerilobiTi dokumentia da ar gulisxmobs valdebulebebs am sityvis<br />
pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT. gansxvavebiT paqtebisa da konvenciebisagan, rekomendacias<br />
ar gaaCnia aRmasrulebeli Zala, igi mxolod aRwerilobiTi<br />
(Sifri) dokumentia.<br />
saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier Camoyalibebuli sxva politikuri<br />
dokumentebia:<br />
• gaeros deklaracia im pirTa uflebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic miekuTvnebian<br />
erovnul, eTnikur, religiur da enobriv umciresobebs<br />
(1992 w.);<br />
• euTos helsinkis dokumenti (1975 w.);<br />
• euTos madridis dokumenti (1989 w.).<br />
erovnuli umciresobebis uflebebis Sesaxeb erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
dokumentia `CarCo-konvencia erovnul umciresobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb~.<br />
mocemuli dokumenti evrosabWom miiRo 1995 wels, xeli moawera 42ma<br />
saxelmwifom, ratificireba moaxdina - 35-ma. CarCo-konvencias saqarTvelom<br />
xeli moawera 2000 wels, xolo ratificireba moaxdina 2005 wlis 13<br />
oqtombers. am dokumentis Tavisebureba isaa, rom qveyana pirvel etapze<br />
42
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
xels awers mas, anu kisrulobs valdebulebas, rom mocemul CarCos<br />
moargebs Tavisi qveynis politikur strategiasa da specifikas, Seqmnis<br />
Sesabamis kanons erovnuli umciresobis uflebebis Sesaxeb, da parlamenti<br />
moaxdens dokumentis ratificirebas.<br />
CarCo-konvenciis Tanaxmad, mxareebi iReben valdebulebas, uzrunvelyon<br />
sruli da efeqturi Tanasworoba ekonomikuri, socialuri, politikuri<br />
da kulturuli cxovrebis yvela sferoSi erovnuli umciresobebis<br />
warmomadgenelTaTvis. amavdroulad, mkafiod aris miTiTebuli, rom masSi<br />
aRwerili punqtebis ganxorcieleba ar unda emuqrebodes qveynis mTlianobas.<br />
sityva `CarCo~ xazs usvams imas, rom saxelmwifoebs eZlevaT saSualeba,<br />
ganmarton mocemuli konvenciis debulebebi maTi qveynisaTvis<br />
damaxasiaTebeli specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT erovnul kanonmdeblobasa<br />
da saTanado saxelmwifo politikaze dayrdnobiT, rac ar asustebs konvenciis<br />
samarTlebriv valdebulebebs. CarCo-konvenciis xelmomwer Ti-<br />
Toeul mxares eZleva saSualeba Seafasos, Tu mis teritoriaze mcxovreb<br />
adamianTa romel jgufs exeba es konvencia. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom<br />
CarCo-konvencias ar gaCnia TviTaRsrulebadi Zala. Tavdapirvelad<br />
aucilebelia erovnul umciresobaTa Sesaxeb kanonis miReba.<br />
savarjiSo `muSaoba saerTaSoriso dokumentebze~<br />
mizani: <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis sakiTxebze arsebuli sakvanZo<br />
saerTaSoriso dokumentebis gacnoba, intereTnikuri sakiTxebis Sesaxeb<br />
informaciis miReba da gacnobierebis donis amaRleba.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 1.30 sT.<br />
masala:<br />
monawileTaTvis dasarigebeli masala, anu <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTier-<br />
Tobis maregulirebeli saeTaSoriso dokumentebi:<br />
• CarCo-konvencia erovnul umciresobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb.<br />
• euTos eqspertTa TaTbiris angariSi erovnuli umciresobebis<br />
sakiTxebze, Jeneva, 1991 w. (ix. <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s danarTi)<br />
• kopenhagenis konferenciis dokumenti adamianuri ganzomilebis<br />
Sesaxeb, euTo, 1990 w. (ix. <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s danarTi)<br />
• `flifCartebi~ mcire jgufebisaTvis, `markerebi~.<br />
mimdinareoba<br />
avtorTa rCeva: auxseniT monawileebs, Tu ratom gadawyviteT saerTaSoriso<br />
dokumentebze am formatSi (jgufSi, sesiis wamyvanTa TandaswrebiT<br />
kiTxva da erToblivi ganxilva) muSaoba. saqme isaa, rom xSirad erovnuli<br />
umciresobebis uflebaTa damcveli saerTaSoriso dokumentebi bevr<br />
kiTxvasa da eWvs badebs, rogorc eTnikur umciresobaSi, ise umravleso-<br />
43
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
baSi. am dokumentebis marTebulad gageba damatebiT informaciasa da<br />
konteqstis codnas moiTxovs. adamiani, romelic ar aris Rrmad Caxeduli<br />
sakiTxSi, aseT informacias ar flobs. swored amitom, mniSvnelovania,<br />
rom monawileebi profesionalebis TandaswrebiT gaecnon dokumentebs<br />
da dasvan kiTxvebi, raTa maTi eWvi ar gaxdes araswori interpretaciis<br />
safuZveli. yvelaze xSirad Cvens praqtikaSi monawileebs uCndebaT kiTxvebi<br />
umciresobebisaTvis avtonomiis miniWebis, maT mSobliur enaze<br />
swavlebis Sesaxeb. mniSvnelovania am sakiTxebis ganxilva da saerTaSoriso<br />
dokumentebis Sesabamisad maTi ganmarteba; winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,<br />
maTSi SesaZloa SiSisa da Tavdacvis gancdebi aRmocendes da informirebuli<br />
da Segnebuli monawilis nacvlad treningidan wavides eWvebiT<br />
aRsavse adamiani, romelic saerTaSoriso dokumentebs Tavisi uflebebis<br />
Semlaxavad aRiqvams.<br />
safexuri I. monawileebi iyofian ramdenime mcire (oTx-xuT kacian) jgufad.<br />
monawileTa raodenobidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa 3 an meti mcire jgufis<br />
Camoyalibeba. dayofa xdeba SemTxveviTobis principiT. SesaZloa<br />
gamoviyenoT rigis mixedviT gaTvla an monawileTa dajgufeba adgilmdebareobis<br />
mixedviT.<br />
safexuri II. TiToeul mcire jgufs dasamuSaveblad eZleva qvemoT<br />
CamoTvlili sami saerTaSoriso dokumentidan erT-erTi: a) CarCokonvencia;<br />
b) Jenevis dokumenti; g) kopenhagenis dokumenti. yoveli<br />
mcire jgufi muSaobs mxolod erT dokumentze.<br />
avtorTa rCeva: CarCo xelSekrulebis didi formatidan gamomdinare, mizanSewonilia<br />
misi dayofa or nawilad. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu<br />
monawileta raodenoba iZleva SesaZleblobas, SegiZliaT jgufi dayoT<br />
oTx mcire qvejgufad. ori jgufi imuSavebs Jenevisa da kopenhagenis dokumentebze,<br />
darCenili ori ki gadainawilebs CarCo-konvencias.<br />
safexuri III. monawileebs eZlevaT instruqcia: `gaecaniT Tqven xelT arsebul<br />
dokuments jer individualurad (20 wT), xolo Semdeg, miTiTebuli<br />
sakiTxebis gaTvaliswinebiT, mcire jgufSi. mcire jgufSi muSaobis<br />
dasrulebis Semdeg TiToeulma jgufma unda waradginos muSaobis<br />
Sedegebi mTliani jgufis winaSe, amitom windawin airCieT momxsenebeli<br />
da izruneT masalis Sesabamisi saxiT gaformebaze~.<br />
instruqciiT miTiTebuli sakiTxebis SesaZlo nusxa:<br />
• ra aris mocemuli dokumentis arsi?<br />
• dokumentSi aRniSnuli punqtebidan romeli xorcieldeba<br />
•<br />
Cvens\Tqvens qveyanaSi da romeli ara?<br />
ra sirTuleebi SeiZleba axldes CamoTvlili punqtebis ganxorcielebas<br />
Cvens\Tqvens qveyanaSi?<br />
• ra rekomendaciebi SegiZliaT mogvawodoT aRniSnuli punqtebis<br />
ganxorcielebis xelSewyobisaTvis?<br />
44
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
safexuri IV. mcire jgufebSi muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg TiToeuli<br />
jgufidan erTi monawile axdens jgufuri muSaobis Sedegebis<br />
wardgenas plenarul sxdomaze. (momxsenebels, survilis mixedviT,<br />
SeuZlia `flifCartis~ gamoyeneba). prezentaciebis dasrulebis<br />
Semdeg nebismier monawiles SeuZlia dausvas SekiTxva momxseneblebs<br />
da Sesabamis mcire jgufs, an gaakeTos komentari. wamyvani<br />
warmarTavs diskusias (gamoTqmuli mosazrebani iwereba `flif-<br />
Cartze`).<br />
safexuri V. wamyvani ajamebs Sesrulebul samuSaosa da ganxorcielebul<br />
msjelobas.<br />
avtorTa rCeva:<br />
• muSaobisas xSirad midiT mcire jgufebTan, raTa maqsimalurad daexmaroT<br />
procesis msvlelobas;<br />
• TviT wamyvani kargad unda icnobdes mocemul saerTaSoriso dokumentebs,<br />
maTi Seqmnisa da moqmedebis konteqsts. magram Tu aRmoCndiT<br />
iseT situaciaSi, roca ara gaqvT pasuxi monawilis kiTxvaze,<br />
umjobesia aRiaroT, rom informacia ara gaqvT, argumentad moiSvelioT<br />
iurisprudenciis specifikuroba da sirTule da aRuTqvaT,<br />
rom SemdgomSi moiZiebT am informacias. Tu SesaZlebloba mogecaT,<br />
gaakeTeT es imave dRes sesiis dasrulebisTanave, raTa meore dRes miawodoT<br />
saWiro informacia monawileebs, an CainiSneT maTi misamarTebi<br />
da mogvianebiT, eleqtronuli fostiT gaugzavneT masala;<br />
• TiToeul monawiles unda daurigdes arsebuli dokumentaciis mTeli<br />
paketi (samive dokumenti), raTa muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg hqondes<br />
maTi ufro detalurad gacnobis da gaazrebis saSualeba.<br />
savarjiSos ganxorcielebis alternatiuli varianti<br />
SegiZliaT moceul savarjiSos waumZRvaroT savarjiSo `ringis~ bolo<br />
sakiTxze _ `gansakuTrebuli uflebebis miniWeba eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis<br />
ewinaaRmdegeba konstitucias, romlis Tanaxmadac yvela<br />
moqalaqe Tanasworia~ - msjeloba. amiT sakiTxis ganxilvisas warmoSobil<br />
diskusias bunebrivad gadazrdiT saerTaSoriso dokumentebis<br />
ganxilvaSi, romlebic swored erovnuli da eTnikuri umciresobebis<br />
`gansakuTrebul uflebebsa~ da pozitiuri zomebis gatarebaze amaxvilebs<br />
yuradRebas.L<br />
SesaZlo daskvnebi:<br />
• saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier momzadebul dokumetebSi saubaria<br />
im uflebebze, romlebic aucileblad unda iyos daculi nebismier<br />
demokratiul qveyanaSi, radgan isini iTvaliswineben adamianis<br />
sabazo moTxovnilebebs. sabazo moTxovnilebebis irgvliv vaWroba<br />
dauSvebelia, isini `aramolaparakebad~ sferos miekuTvnebian.<br />
• es dokumetebi mowodebulia ara eTnikuri umravlesobis uflebebis<br />
45
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
SezRudvis, aramed eTnikuri umciresobis SesaZleblobebis gazrdisaTvis.<br />
saboloo jamSi, es mimarTulia qveynis moqalaqeTa uflebebis<br />
Tanabar gaxorcielebasa da konstituciis aRsrulebaze, romlis<br />
mixedviT qveynis yvela moqalaqe kanonis winaSe Tanasworia miuxedavad<br />
erovnebisa, eTnikuri kuTvnileba, enisa, religiisa da sxva;<br />
• qveyana, romelic miiswrafis saerTaSoriso organizaciebis wevrobis,<br />
saerTaSoriso gadawyvetilebebSi monawileobisa da Tavisi<br />
demokratiuli uflebebis ganxorcielebisaken, aucileblad unda<br />
iTvaliswinebdes am dokumentebSi Camoyalibebul moTxovnebs. es<br />
xels Seuwyobs ara mxolod qveynis CarTvas saerTaSoriso sivrceSi,<br />
aramed daexmareba mas, ufro gonivrulad gamoiyenos sakuTari adamianuri<br />
resursebi.<br />
Tema IV. <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> aRqma: stereotipebisa da<br />
diskriminaciis gacnobiereba da daZleva<br />
yovel Cvengans aqvs Seqmnili garkveuli warmodgena samyaroze, sagnebze,<br />
movlenebze, adamianebze. warmodgenebs, romlebsac ar gaaCnia sakmarisi<br />
safuZveli, aris dausabuTebeli da/an araobieqturi, ewodeba winaswarganwyobebi.<br />
miuxedavad maTi dausabuTeblobisa, Cven mainc vxelmZRvanelobT<br />
am warmodgenebiT, raTa samyaro CvenTvis ufro martivi, gasagebi<br />
da <strong>marTva</strong>di gaxdes.<br />
winaswarganwyobis safuZvelia Cveni aRzrda, ojaxi, saurTierTo garemo<br />
da a.S. winaswarganwyobebi ar efuZneba Cven mier aRqmuls da danaxuls.<br />
piriqiT, movlenaTa aRqma eqceva Cvenive winaswarganwyobis gavlenis qveS.<br />
winaswarganwyobebi warmoadgens samyaros mimarT ara racionalur, aramed<br />
emociur damokidebulebas. Cven mudmivad Tan gvdevs Cveni winaswarganwyobebi.<br />
maT sakmaod uwyinari saxe aqvT manam, sanam ar iCenen Tavs adamianTa<br />
Soris urTierTobaSi. am SemTxvevaSi adamianTa Sesaxeb uaryofiT<br />
warmodgenebs SeiZleba sakmaod mZime Sedegebi moyves.<br />
rodesac Cveni winaswarganwyoba zedmetad ganzogadebulia adamianTa<br />
mTel jgufze da gveqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos am jgufis yvela wevrs<br />
saerTo maxasiaTeblebi da Tvisebebi gaaCnia, maSin saqme gvaqvs stereotipebTan.<br />
termini stereotipi stambidan wamovida. is mZime sabeWd formas,<br />
galvanur kliSes aRniSnavs, romelic erTxel Camoyalibebis Semdeg Znelad<br />
icvleba. aseTive, magram gadataniTi mniSvneloba aqvs mas socialur<br />
fsiqologiaSic. zogierT SemTxvevaSi erTxel Seqmnili warmodgena<br />
adamianTa jgufis/kategoriis Sesaxeb vrceldeba mis yvela wevrze, miuxedavad<br />
imisa, Seesabameba Tu ara igi konkretul pirovnebas.<br />
stereotipuli azrovneba aris sqematuri azrovnebis erT-erTi gamoxa-<br />
46
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
tuleba. sqematuri azrovneba niSnavs, rom adamians aRzrdisa da ganaTlebis<br />
procesSi eZleva sxvadasxva sqema, romliTac igi xelmZRvanelobs<br />
sxva adamianis Sesaxeb warmodgenis Seqmnis, moqmedebis, azrovnebis procesSi.<br />
sqematuri da stereotipuli azrovneba adamians saSualebas aZlevs<br />
gadarCes garemoSi, sadac mis irgvliv uamravi informacia, emocia,<br />
movlena trialebs. radgan adamians ara aqvs unari aRiqvas da gaaanalizos<br />
yvelaferi, rac mis irgvliv an mis pirovnebaSi xdeba, mas uxdeba samyaros<br />
uyuros stereotipulad, Seqmnas sqemebi, kategoriebi, klasebi da adamianebi<br />
daajgufos.<br />
Cveni stereotipebi yalibdeba sakuTari gamocdilebis, sazogadoebaSi,<br />
masmediaSi moaruli azris ganzogadebis gziT. Sesabamisad, stereotipi<br />
SeiZleba simarTlis marcvalsac Seicavdes, magram umetes SemTxvevaSi igi<br />
emyareba usafuZvlod ganzogadebul mcire gamocdilebas. problemebi Cndeba<br />
maSin, rodesac stereotipi aSkarad mcdaria an raime gamocdileba zedmetad<br />
ganzogadebuli. magaliTad, rodesac erT eTnikur jgufs gaaCnia stereotipi<br />
meore eTnikuri jgufis mimarT, saqme gvaqvs SedarebiT mdgrad warmodgenebTan<br />
sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebis moraluri, gonebrivi,<br />
fizikuri Tvisebebis Sesaxeb. erTi mxriv, es ganzogadebebi gvexmareba,<br />
ufro momzadebulebi SevxvdeT ama Tu im kulturis warmomadgenels, magram,<br />
meore mxriv, SeiZleba SecdomaSi Segviyvanos yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi.<br />
uaryofiTma stereotipebma SesaZloa Tavi iCinon qcevaSi.<br />
gamoiyofa stereotipebi sqesis, profesiis, saqmianobis, asakis, religiis,<br />
eTnikurobis kuTxiT. yovel am saxeobas axasiaTebs masTan asocirebuli<br />
adamianebis `stereotipireba~ da maTi Tvisebebis ganzogadeba.<br />
mag., `musulmani teroristia~, `qalebi cudi mmarTvelebi arian~, `boSebi<br />
eSmakebi arian~, `moxucebi ver iReben siaxleebs~ da sxva. Tu es<br />
Sexedulebebi qcevaSi gadaizrdeba, maSin asakovani adamianebis, qalebis,<br />
musulmanebis, boSebis mimarT diskriminacia ganxorcieldeba.<br />
eTnikuri stereotipebi iyofa avto da heterostereotipebad. avtostereotipebi<br />
aris ganzogadebuli Sexedulebebi sakuTari eTnikuri jgufis<br />
Sesaxeb da, rogorc wesi, dadebiTi niSnis matarebelia. mag., `qarTvelebi<br />
yvelaze stumarTmoyvare xalxia~. xolo heterostereotipebi<br />
ganzogadebuli warmodgenebia sxva jgufebis eTnikuri maxasiaTeblebis<br />
Sesaxeb; ufro xSirad, isini negatiur xasiaTs atarebs, mag., `ingliselebi<br />
civi xalxia~. heterostereotipebis erT-erTi maxasiaTebelia `sxva jgufis~<br />
homogenurobis iluzia. es niSnavs, rom sxva eTnikuri jgufebis<br />
warmomadgenlebi aRiqmebian ara rogorc pirovnuad gansxvavebuli, aramed<br />
rogorc erTnairi Tvisebebis matarebelni, anu erTmaneTis homogenurni,<br />
mag., `yvela Cinels erTnairi saxe aqvs~. es aris mizezi imisa, rom xSirad<br />
erTmaneTisagan ver asxvaveben Cinelebsa da iaponelebs, rac maTTvis Zalze<br />
mtkivneuli sakiTxia. aseve mtkivneulia saqarTveloSi azerbaijanelebisaTvis<br />
is, rom maT `TaTrebs~ eZaxian. es yvela musulmanis istoriulad<br />
47
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
SemorCenili epiTetia saqarTveloSi, Tumca TaTrebi da azerbaijanelebi<br />
erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli eTnosebi arian.<br />
stereotipebisa da winaswarganwyobis radikaluri formaa mtris xati.<br />
mtris xatis Camoyalibebis dinamikisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia sarkisebri<br />
urTierTaRqma: mxareebi erTmaneTs miaweren erTsa da imave uaryofiT<br />
Tvisebebs. Tu erTi mxare aRiqmeba omis safrTxed, meore iwyebs SeiaraRebas;<br />
amave dros, meore mxarec pirvelis mier aRiqmeba, rogorc omis<br />
safrTxe da isic iwyebs SeiaraRebas da amgvarad, ikvreba mankieri wre.<br />
mtris xats axasiaTebs sxva jgufis homogenurobis iluzia, rasac iseTi<br />
mZafri xasiaTi aqvs, rom gadaizrdeba dehumanizaciaSi, anu, eTnikuri<br />
jgufebi erTmaneTs aRar aRiqvamen adamianebad. mag., ruandis (afrika)<br />
konfliqtis dros hutus tomi tutsis tomis warmomadgenlebs xoWoebs<br />
(`taraknebs`) eZaxda. xoWos mokvla ki ar aris danaSauli. es daexmara<br />
hutus tutsis genocidis ganxorcielebaSi. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare,<br />
mtris xatis arseboba eTnikuri konfliqtis seriozuli winapiroba da<br />
amave dros Sedegicaa.<br />
rodesac adamianis an adamianTa jgufis/kategoriis mimarT arsebuli<br />
winaswarganwyoba an stereotipi vlindeba qcevaSi, saqme gvaqvs diskriminaciasTan.<br />
diskriminaciuli qceva SeiZleba gamovlindes rogorc calkeul<br />
adamianebs, aseve jgufebs Soris. galtungi 17 saubrobs struqturuli<br />
an sistemuri diskriminaciis Sesaxeb, rodesac sazogadoebis struqtura<br />
gulisxmobs erTi jgufis ufro maRal statuss da mdgomareobas meore<br />
jgufTan mimarTebaSi, rac TavisTavadaa diskriminaciis safuZveli.<br />
diskriminacia SeiZleba gamovlindes sxvadasxva saxis qcevaSi, dawyebuli<br />
ubralo ignorirebiT, damTavrebuli aSkara CagvriT, mag., samsaxurSi<br />
an sxva raime sazogadoebriv dawesebulebaSi armiRebiT. diskriminaciuli<br />
qcevis provocireba SeiZleba moaxdinos `Zlier~ jgufTan mikuTvnebulobis<br />
gancdam. rac ufro Zlieria jgufi, miT ufro didia albaToba misi<br />
wevrebis mxridan sxva jgufis diskriminaciisa.<br />
diskriminacia, iseve rogorc winaswarganwyoba da stereotipi, SeiZleba<br />
iyos cnobieric da aracnobieric. cota vinme Tu aRiarebs sakuTar<br />
diskriminaciul qcevas, romelic maTi winaswarganwyobiTa Tu stereotipebiT<br />
aris gamowveuli.<br />
diskriminacias SeiZleba hqondes pirdapiri gamovlinebis forma, roca<br />
igi dakanonebulia qveynis samarTalSi (mag.: rasobrivi diskriminacia aSS-<br />
Si an aparTeidi samxreT afrikis respublikaSi); an iribi, roca rasobrivi,<br />
genderuli, religiuri, eTnikuri faqtorebi ar aris aRiarebuli safuZvlad<br />
diskriminaciisa, Tumca samsaxurSi miRebisas Tu sxva konteqstebSi<br />
iTvaliswineben ganmcxadeblis sqess, kanis fers, warmomavlobas.<br />
17 ix. gamoyenebuli literaturis sia<br />
48
stereotipebis daZleva<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom stereotipuli azrovnebis arsebobas aqvs<br />
biologiuri da fsiqologiuri gamarTleba, igi mainc negatiur azrovnebad<br />
iTvleba da mniSvnelovania misi daZleva. daZlevis gzis gacnobierebaSi<br />
dasaxmareblad gTavazobT v. houelis `cnobiereba-codnis~ sqemas,<br />
romelic asaxavs, Tu ra gza unda gaiaros adamianma, raTa gaxdes sxvisi<br />
kulturis aRmqmeli da mimRebi.<br />
pirvel etapze adamians axasiaTebs `gaucnobierebeli arcodna/arakompetenturoba~.<br />
man ar icis, Tu ratom ikeTebs musulmani qali Cadrs da<br />
verc acnobierebs, rom es codna mas raimeSi gamoadgeba. es mas musulmanuri<br />
kulturis stereotipirebis saSualebas aZlevs. mas Semdeg, rac<br />
pirovneba moxvdeba garemoSi, sadac misTvis es movlena mniSvnelobas Sei-<br />
Zens, yuradRebis an interesis sagani xdeba, gadadis `gacnobiereuli<br />
arcodnis/arakompetenturobis~ fazaSi; anu, igi gaacnobierebs, rom raRac<br />
ar icis am religiis Sesaxeb. mesame etapze igi iwyebs informaciis<br />
Segrovebas, erkveva mocemul sferoSi da gadadis `gacnobierebuli codnis/kompetenturobis~<br />
fazaSi. yvelaze mniSvnelovani faza gaxlavT meoTxe<br />
_ `gaucnobierebeli codnis/kompetenciis~ faza, roca pirovneba imdenad<br />
SeiTvisebs codnas, Cvens SemTxvevaSi - sxva eTnosis Tu kulturis elementebs,<br />
rom misTvis advili gaxdeba sazogadod kulturuli siaxleebis<br />
miReba, rac ara marto ganwyobis, aramed agreTve, qcevis donezec gamovlindeba.<br />
am gzis gavla metad mniSvnelovania stereotipuli azrovnebis<br />
daZlevisaTvis.<br />
mniSvnelovania, rom gavacnobieroT sakuTari stereotipebi da qcevaSi<br />
maTi gamovlenis done.<br />
imisaTvis, rom movaxerxoT sakuTari stereotipebis gadafaseba, pirvel<br />
rigSi unda gavacnobieroT maTi arseboba da davarqvaT konkretuli saxeli. mas<br />
Semdeg, rac moxdeba stereotipis saxeldeba, unda aRvadginoT misi Seqmnis<br />
istoria, ra gamocdilebaze, ra `miTebze~ dayrdnobiT Seiqmna igi.<br />
Semdegi nabiji aris - stereotipis Sefaseba, anu imis dadgena, Tu ra<br />
gavlenas axdens es stereotipi Cvens azrebsa da qcevebze, ra sargebloba<br />
an ziani moaqvs mas da ra Sedegi SeiZleba mohyves am stereotipis ngrevas.<br />
mxolod am procedurebis gavlis Semdeg SegiZliaT miiRoT gadawyvetileba<br />
da daarRvioT Tqveni stereotipebi.<br />
unda gaviTvaliswinoT is faqti, rom winaswarganwyobisa da stereotipis<br />
CamoyalibebaSi erT-erTi wamyvani roli ojaxs ukavia. bavSvis aRzrdisa<br />
da formirebis procesSi mSobeli xelmZRvanelobs sakuTari<br />
damokidebulebiT (winaswarganwyoba, stereotipebi) movlenebisa da adamianebis<br />
mimarT da cdilobs igive Sexedulebebi Svils Caunergos. Sesabamisad,<br />
unda gvaxsovdes, Tu ra kritikuli roli SeiZleba hqondes Cvens<br />
sakuTar damokidebulebebs Cveni Svilebis da sazogadoebis formirebis<br />
procesSi.<br />
49
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
ramdenadac sterotipis CamoyalibebaSi gadamwyveti roli socialur<br />
institutebs uWiravs, saWiroa, stereotipebis rRvevaSi socialuri faqtorebis<br />
rolis gaTvaliswineba. sxvadasxva eTnikur jgufebs Soris xSiri<br />
urTierToba aris negatiuri azrovnebis daZlevis erT-erTi piroba. am<br />
dros xdeba `sxvebis homogenurobis iluziis~ rRveva, anu gacnobiereba<br />
imisa, rom sxva jgufebSic iseTive gansxvavebuli/mravalferovani adamianebi<br />
arian, rogorc sakuTar eTnikur jgufSi, da rom am adamianebs<br />
gaaCniaT pirovnuli unikaloba. aseve, didi mniSvneloba aqvs sxvadasxva<br />
jgufebis wevrTa Soris TanamSromlobas. saerTo miznis dasaxva, samuSaos<br />
gadanawileba da erTad Sesruleba xels uwyobs adamianebs Soris pirovnuli<br />
kontaqtebis damyarebas da urTierTgacnobas.<br />
Sesabamisi savarjiSoebi<br />
savarjiSo diskriminaciis fenomenis<br />
gacnobierebaze `wertilebi~<br />
mizani: diskriminaciis fenomenTan dakavSirebiT gamocdilebis miReba da<br />
gaazreba.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 30 wT.<br />
masala:<br />
sami sxvadasxva feris mcire zomis misawebebeli furceli: 1-2 -<br />
wiTeli, 3-4 – yviTeli, danarCeni - mwvane. SesaZlebelia, sxvadasxva<br />
formis furclebis gamoyenebac.<br />
monawileTaTvis dasarigebeli masala: `stereotipebisa da diskriminaciis<br />
gacnobiereba da daZleva~<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. wamyvani sTxovs monawileebs dadgnen wreSi. igi TiToeul<br />
monawiles swrafad amagrebs zurgze gansazRvruli feris baraTs<br />
ise, rom maT ar ician, Tu ra saxis baraTi aqvT mimagrebuli. monawileebi<br />
ar unda esaubron erTmaneTs da ar Sexedon zurgze mimagrebul<br />
baraTebs.<br />
safexuri II. wamyvani monawileebs aZlevs davalebas: `erTmaneTTan saubris<br />
gareSe ganawildiT jgufebSi zurgze mimagrebuli baraTebis<br />
Sesabamisad~.<br />
safexuri III. mas Semdeg, rac monawileebi dajgufdebian, wamyvani iwyebs<br />
TamaSis ganxilvas. amisaTvis, rigrigobiT mimarTavs TiToeul warmoqmnil<br />
jgufs, iwyebs yvelaze mravalricxovani jgufidan.<br />
avtorTa rCeva: es savarjiSo sakmaod mtkivneuli gamocdilebaa maTTvis,<br />
vinc umciresobaSi moxvdeba. amitom, mniSvnelovania, sesiis wamyvanma<br />
faqizi fasilitacia gawios da yvela monawiles misces grZnobis<br />
50
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
gamoxatvisa da azris gamoTqmis saSualeba; savarjiSo qmnis mniSvnelovani<br />
dakvirvebebis gakeTebis pirobebs, zogjer pirovnebis faseulobaTa<br />
cvlilebasTan dakavSirebul sakmaod did Zvras iwvevs. amitom,<br />
ukukavSiris etapi aq gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania.<br />
kiTxvebi ganxilvisaTvis:<br />
• ra moxda? rogor moxvdiT Tqvens jgufSi?<br />
• rogor grZnobdiT Tavs, vidre ipovnidiT sakuTar jgufs? ratom?<br />
• rogor grZnobT Tavs axla? ratom?<br />
• gsurT Tu ara sxva jgufSi gadasvla? ratom?<br />
• asaxavs Tu ara mocemuli TamaSi realuri cxovrebis zogierT aspeqts?<br />
• rogor xorcieldeba dayofa umravlesobad da umciresobad?<br />
safexuri IV. wamyvani sTxovs monawileebs, gamoitanon Sesabamisi daskvnebi<br />
savarjiSodan.<br />
SesaZlo daskvnebi:<br />
• adamianis mikuTvneba ama Tu im jgufis mimarT xSir SemTxvevaSi<br />
xorcieldeba misi neba-survilisgan damoukideblad. sazogadoeba<br />
Tavs axvevs individs statuss, pozicias da qcevis wesebs. magaliTad,<br />
eTnikuri jgufis statusisa da ricxobriobis Sesabamisad;<br />
• eTnikuri jgufebi arc Tu yovelTvis eTanxmebian im statuss,<br />
romelic maT uWiravT sazogadoebaSi;<br />
• es uTanxmoeba SeiZleba gamoixatos sxvadasxva formiT;<br />
• im SemTxvevaSi, Tu umravlesoba, romelsac ukavia ukeTesi mdgomareoba<br />
da, Sesabamisad, gaaCnia Zalaufleba, ar iqneba yuradRebiani<br />
umciresobis mimarT, iqmneba eTno-konfliqtebis safrTxe.<br />
savarjiSo stereotipebis gacnobierebaze<br />
`sityvaTa wyvilebi~<br />
mizani: stereotipebis rolis, mniSvnelobis da maTi daZlevis aucileblobis<br />
gacnobiereba.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 15 wT.<br />
masala:<br />
calkeul baraTze daweril sityvaTa ori Sekvra;<br />
Sekvra I: maqsimalisti, potenciuri moRalate, egoisti, Wkviani,<br />
pedanti, mosawyeni, cinikuri, meqrTame, ucodinari, konservatori,<br />
bavSvebis kargi aRmzrdeli, zedmetad emociuri, SeSlili, sauke-<br />
Teso xelmZRvaneli, cudi mZRoli, smis moyvaruli, dabneuli.<br />
Sekvra II: danirielebi, axalgazrdebi, poetebi, germanelebi, qalebi<br />
51
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
(2 baraTi), kacebi (2 baraTi), milicielebi, buRaltrebi, moxucebi,<br />
finelebi, qirurgebi, fsiqiatrebi, ebraelebi.<br />
SeniSvna: TiToeul SekvraSi unda iyos TiTo-TiTo baraTi warweris<br />
gareSe.<br />
monawileTaTvis dasarigebeli masala: `stereotipebisa da diskriminaciis<br />
gacnobiereba da daZleva~<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. wamyvani aZlevs jgufs baraTebs zed dawerili sityvebiT da<br />
avalebs 5 wuTis manZilze daawyvilon es sityvebi.<br />
safexuri II. rodesac davaleba Sesrulebulia, erT-erTi monawile<br />
kiTxulobs jgufis mier dalagebul sityvaTa wyvilebs.<br />
SeniSvnebi:<br />
• ufro naTeli rom gaxdes stereotipebis moqmedebis principi,<br />
arsebiT saxelebSi Segnebulad aris Setanili arafrismTqmeli sityva<br />
`danirielebi~. rogorc wesi, raki monawileebma am jgufis Sesaxeb<br />
araferi ician, eTnikur jgufad aRiqvamen. amas treningis wamyvanebic<br />
usvamen xazs, radgan eubnebian, rom `danirielebi~ afrikuli tomia.<br />
Cveni praqtikidan gamomdinare, am jgufs xSirad negatiur stereotips<br />
aweren xolme. mag.: `ucodinari danirielebi~ da argumentad mohyavT<br />
is, rom ar icnoben am jgufs. saqmec isaa, rom aseTi jgufi ar<br />
arsebobs bunebaSi; samagierod, igi kargi magaliTia ucnob jgufze<br />
stereotipuli azrovnebis sademonstraciod;<br />
• arsebiT saxelebSi Setanilia sityva `milicielebi~. isic kargad<br />
aCvenebs stereotipebis arsebobas da droSi gamZleobas. marTalia,<br />
saqarTveloSi miliciis instituti aRar arsebobs da sxva struqturebiT<br />
Seicvala, magram sabWoTa kavSiriseuli es termini mainc<br />
ixmareba. es aris stereotipis droSi mdgradobis magaliTi.<br />
safexuri III. wamyvani exmareba monawileebs imis SemCnevaSi, rom es winadadebebi<br />
stereotipulia da awvdis mcire informacias stereotipebis<br />
Sesaxeb (mini-leqcia).<br />
safexuri IV. jgufs eZleva davaleba, daangrios stereotipebi, daawyvilos<br />
sityvebi ise, rom debulebebi rac SeiZleba arastereotipuli<br />
gamovides.<br />
safexuri V. romelime jgufis wevri isev kiTxulobs sityvaTa wyvilebs.<br />
wamyvani mas aqezebs da xelmZRvanelobs stereotipebis daZlevis<br />
Sesaxeb msjelobas. Semdeg, kvlav awvdis jgufs mcire informacias.<br />
SesaZlo daskvnebi:<br />
• stereotipebi xSirad negatiuri bunebisaa, Tumca es ar niSnavs,<br />
rom maT ara aqvT arsebobis ufleba. isini xom adamians informaciiT<br />
gadatvirTul garemoSi orientaciaSi exmareba.<br />
52
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
• mocemuli savarjiSos meoTxe safexuri axali stereotipebis gaCenis<br />
dinamikas gvaCvenebs, amdenad stereotipis rRveva ar niSnavs mis<br />
meqanikurad Secvlas sapirispiro polusiT; amgvari ram SesaZloa<br />
stereotipis rRvevis/cvlilebis mxolod Sualeduri faza iyos.<br />
• adamianebisTvis damxasiaTebelia erTmaneTi daajgufon kategoriebad.<br />
Semdeg ki erTi kategoriis yvela wevrze gaavrcelon konkretuli<br />
maxasiaTeblebi. mag.: arsebobs tendencia, rom yvela ebraelze gamoviyenoT<br />
eTnikuri stereotipi: `Wkviani ebraelebi~.<br />
savarjiSo `eTnikuri identoba, dro da identobis<br />
urTierTaRqma sxvadasxva erovnebis warmomadgenelTa mier~<br />
mizani: eTnikuri identobis droSi cvalebadobis gacnobiereba, eTnikur<br />
jgufTa urTierTRiaobisa da Sesatyvisi urTierTaRqmis unaris ganvi-<br />
Tareba, eTnikuri stereotipebis daZleva.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 1.30 sT.<br />
masala: `flifCartebi~ da saweri saSualebebi<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. ori eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebs wamyvani sTxovs<br />
imsjelon da Seadginon sakuTari identobis suraTi drois cvalebadobis<br />
kvalobaze:<br />
1. rani varT;<br />
2. rani viyaviT;<br />
3. rani viqnebiT.<br />
msjelobisas sakvanZo azrebi iwereba `flifCartebze~.<br />
safexuri II. TiToeuli eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebi qmnian erTmaneTis<br />
(meore eTnikuri jgufis) identobis suraTs imave principiT:<br />
1/rani arian; 2/rani iyvnen; 3/rani iqnebian. msjelobis<br />
masalebi aRinusxeba `flifCartebze~.<br />
safexuri III. mxareebi erTmaneTs acnoben sakuTari da meore eTnikuri<br />
jgufis identobis aRqmis suraTebs.<br />
safexuri IV. eTnikuri jgufebis warmomadgenlebi erTmaneTs uziareben<br />
TavianT azrebsa da emociebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad gansxvavdeba<br />
an emTxveva maTi TviTaRqma da sxvaTa mier micemuli Sefaseba;<br />
isini arkveven urTierTgaugebrobis `zonebs~, miRebuli informaciis<br />
safuZvelze azusteben an Seasworeben sakuTar warmodgenas<br />
Tavisi da sxvisi eTnikuri iersaxis Sesaxeb.<br />
safexuri V. xdeba imis gaanalizeba, Tu ra SeiZleba Seicvalos monawileTa<br />
cxovrebasa da warmodgenebSi savarjiSos Sesrulebis dros<br />
aRmocenebuli mignebebis da daskvnebis safuZvelze.<br />
53
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
SesaZlo daskvnebi:<br />
• eTnikuri konfliqtis aRmoceneba dakavSirebulia eTnikur urTierTaRqmasTan;<br />
• eTnosebis cnobierebaSi arsebuli aRqmebi saukuneebis manZilze<br />
yalibdeboda da Zalian sicocxlisunariania. isini gadaecema Taobebs<br />
da iseT mZlavr iaraRad gardaiqmneba, rogoricaa stereotipebi,<br />
winaswarganwyoba, mtris xati da sxva;<br />
• urTierTaRqma xSirad gamomdinareobs sakuTar Tavze Camoyalibebuli<br />
Sexedulebebidan. adamianebs xSirad sakuTari Tvisebebi gadaaqvT<br />
sxvebze, rac unda gaanalizdes, raTa realisturi Sexedulebebis<br />
Camoyalibebas ar SeeSalos xeli.<br />
avtorTa rCeva:<br />
• savarjiSos Sesrulebis dros grovdeba sakmaod uxvi masala, romelic<br />
iZleva SesaZleblobas gaanalizebul iqnas iseTi fenomenebi,<br />
rogoricaa: urTierTproeqcia 18 , araswori Sexedulebebi, stereotipebi,<br />
mtris xati.<br />
• am savarjiSosaTvis jgufs winaswar Semzadeba sWirdeba. Sexvedris<br />
pirvelive dRes Sereuli eTnikuri jgufi ar iqneba mzad iseTi Rrma<br />
pirovnuli Rirebulebis mqone Temebze sasaubrod, rogoricaa erTmaneTis<br />
aRqma. xSirad eTnikuri stereotipebi tabuirebuli Temaa.<br />
mniSnelovania, jgufis wevrebi erTmaneTs icnobdnen da jgufSi<br />
ndobis atmosfero Seiqmnas, raTa darwmunebulni iyvnen, rom procesi<br />
ar gadaizrdeba sxvadasxva eTnosebis uTierTSeuracxyofaSi. amitom,<br />
wamyvanis roli am savarjiSoSi Zalian mniSvnelovania.<br />
• wamyvanma unda Seafasos mosmenili, waaqezos dadebiTi aRqma, daexmaros<br />
monawileebs, dainaxon erTmaneTis aRqmebSi damTxvevebi, ganazogados<br />
savarjiSos Sedegebi da misces saSualeba monawileebs, gamoxaton<br />
azrebi, emociebi. aseve mniSvnelovania, rom wamyvanma monawileobisa<br />
da gamoTqmis saSualeba Tanabrad misces yvela eTnikur<br />
jgufs.<br />
Tema V. samoqalaqo integracia<br />
rodesac ama Tu im qveyanaSi eTnikur umciresobaTa integraciis<br />
programebis ganxorcielebisas eqspliciturad ar xdeba integraciis<br />
konkretuli gansazRvreba (Sesabamisi indikatorebis miTiTebiT), da am<br />
gansazRvrebis sazogadoebisaTvis miwodeba, matulobs procesis miTologizebulad<br />
da safrTxis Semcvelad aRqmis tendencia. aseT SemTxvevebSi,<br />
gamomdinare eTnosTaSorisi <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> miTologizebis maRali<br />
tendenciidan (ix. Tema II, `eTnikuroba da saxelmwifo mowyobis modelebi`),<br />
18 ix. terminTa ganmartebani<br />
54
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
integraciis programebi eTnikuri identobis dakargvis safrTxed aRiqmeba,<br />
rogorc erovnuli umciresobebis mxridan (romelnic integracias<br />
asimilaciasTan aigiveben), aseve umravlesobis mxridan (romelnic integraciis<br />
Tanamdevad sakuTari identobis dramatul cvlilebas miiCneven).<br />
amasTan dakavSirebiT, Zalian mniSvnelovania <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong><br />
TvalsazrisiT kompetenciis donis amaRlebaze muSaobisas treningis<br />
monawileebisaTvis SevqmnaT Sesabamisi pirobebi, raTa maT Cveni<br />
daxmarebiT gansazRvron integraciis cneba, misi miRwevis indikatorebi,<br />
da Sesabamisad, gaacnobieron misi usafrTxoeba erovnuli identobis<br />
SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
Sesabamisi savarjiSoebi<br />
savarjiSo `debatebi integraciis sakiTxebze~<br />
mizani : monawileebis mier integraciis cnebis sxvadasxva kuTxiT ganxilva<br />
da gaanalizeba, integraciasa da asimilacias Soris gansxvavebis gacnobiereba;<br />
monawileebis mier sakuTari Sexedulebebis gadafasebisa-<br />
Tvis pirobebis Seqmna; integraciis yvelasaTvis misaRebi erToblivi<br />
gansazRvrebis SemuSaveba.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 1 sT.<br />
masala: `flifCartebi~ da `markerebi~, ramdenic saWiroa.<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. wamyvani monawileebs yofs or jufad da gansaxilvelad<br />
aZlevs integraciis or gansxvavebul ganmartebas: pirvel jgufs –<br />
`integracia igivea, rac asimilacia~; meore jgufs – `integracia<br />
TviTmyofadobis ganviTarebisa da SenarCunebis pirobaa~.<br />
safexuri II. wamyvani sTxovs TiToeuli jgufis monawileebs rolSi<br />
Sesvlas da integraciis mocemuli ganmartebis gaTavisebas (Tundac,<br />
ar eTanxmebodes mas). amis Semdeg jgufebi ayalibeben Sesabamisi<br />
ganmartebis mxardamWer argumentebs.<br />
safexuri III. Semdeg etapze iwyeba debatebi or jgufs Soris. monawileebs<br />
saSualeba eZlevaT, amomwuravad warmoadginon TavianT jgufebSi<br />
SemuSavebuli argumentebi.<br />
magaliTebi Cveni gamocdilebidan:<br />
poziciis `integracia igivea, rac asimilacia~ dasacavi erT-erTi argumenti:<br />
`integracia erTgvari fandia, romelsac Sedegad mivyavarT eTnikuri umciresobebis<br />
TviTmyofadobis dakargvisaken, maTi identobis, tradiciebisa<br />
da kulturuli TviTmyofadobis gaqrobisaken~.<br />
55
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
poziciis `integracia TviTmyofadobis ganviTarebisa da SenarCunebis<br />
pirobaa~ dasacavi erT-erTi argumenti:<br />
`integracia saSualebas qmnis saxelmwifos farglebSi SenarCundes da<br />
ganviTardes eTnikuri identoba, romelic iqneba pativcemuli da aRiarebuli.<br />
amasTanave daculi da Tanabaruflebiani samoqalaqo<br />
principis gaTvaliswinebiT~.<br />
safexuri IV. debatebis Semdeg wamyvani sTxovs mxareebs, ipovon saerTo,<br />
gadamkveTi punqtebi integraciis maTeul gagebaSi, anu dauSvan<br />
garkveuli kompromisi da Camoayalibon saerTo xedva.<br />
safexuri V. wamyvani exmareba monawileebs CamoTvlili argumentebis<br />
SejamebaSi da xels uwyobs jgufis wevrebs, erTad Camoayalibon<br />
integraciis iseTi gansazRvreba, romelic misaRebi iqneba yvela<br />
monawilisaTvis.<br />
safexuri VI. bolo etapze monawileebs eZlevaT saSualeba erToblivad<br />
imsjelon, Tu rogor SeiZleba ganxorcieldes maT gansazRvrebaSi<br />
mocemuli integraciis modeli; ra iqneba amis xelSemwyobi da<br />
xelis SemSleli faqtorebi. gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi unda aRibeWdos<br />
`flifCartze~, raTa es yovelive ufro TvalsaCino iyos<br />
monawileTaTvis da plenarul sxdomaze moxdes maTi srulfasovani<br />
wardgena.<br />
magaliTebi Cveni gamocdilebidan:<br />
integraciis gansazRvreba, romelic miiRo orma sxvadasxva Sereulma eTnikurma<br />
jgufma proeqtSi `<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierToebebis <strong>marTva</strong> samcxejavaxeTSi,<br />
saqarTvelo, 2005~:<br />
`integracia aris kanonis uzenaesobis moqmedeba, qveynis saxelmwifo enis<br />
aRiareba yvela moqalaqis mier; eTnikuri, kulturuli da religiuri<br />
mravalferovnebis SenarCuneba qveyanaSi; ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis<br />
ganviTareba; kulturuli gamdidreba erTmaneTisa, socialurekonomikuri<br />
cxovrebis donis amaRleba, rac emsaxureba demokratiuli<br />
qveynis Camoyalibebas~.<br />
`integraciis politikis ZiriTadi arsi isaa, rom integracia uzrunvelyofs<br />
Tanabari uflebebis, SesaZleblobebisa da resursebis arsebobas<br />
nebismieri moqalaqis mimarT, imis miuxedavad, Tu romel eTnikur<br />
jgufs miekuTvneba igi. amasTanave, integracia niSnavs eTnikuri identobis<br />
SenarCunebasa da ganviTarebas~.<br />
avtorTa rCeva: mkafiod CamoayalibeT debatebis wesebi. mieciT TiToeul<br />
monawiles reglamenti, romelsac mkacrad unda misdios, raTa procesma<br />
ar miiRos qaoturi saxe an ar gadaizardos SexedulebaTa konfliqtSi.<br />
56
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
savarjiSo `samoqalaqo integraciis gansazRvra~<br />
mocemuli savarjiSo `debatebi integraciis sakiTxebze~-s alternativaa.<br />
mizani: monawileebisaTvis saTanado pirobebis Seqmna, raTa isini gaerkvnen<br />
da Rrmad gaiazron, Tu ras niSnavs integracia; gamijnon samoqalaqo<br />
integracia eTnikuri asimilaciisagan.<br />
xangrZlivoba: qvejgufebis muSaoba – 40 wT-1 sT, wardgena da Semdgomi<br />
diskusia - 1 sT.<br />
masala: TiToeuli qvejgufisaTvis saWiro raodenobis `flifCarti~, `markerebi~.<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. jgufs vyofT qvejgufebad (4-5 kaci TiToeul qvejgufSi) da<br />
vaZlevT instruqcias: `warmoidgineT, rom erT mSvenier dilas,<br />
vTqvaT, 20 wlis Semdeg, gamogeRviZaT da aRmoCnda, rom eTnikuri<br />
umciresobisa da umravlesobis integracia ukve ganxorcielda, Tanac<br />
yvelaze konstruqciuli scenariT: orives kulturuli da eTnikuri<br />
identoba ara marto SenarCunebulia, aramed viTardeba kidec; yvelas<br />
saWiroebebi da interesebi dakmayofilebulia. Tqveni amocanaa, warmoidginoT<br />
da furcelze gadaitanoT, Tu ra aris am ganxorcielebuli<br />
warmatebuli integraciis indikatorebi (TvalsaCino niSnebi),<br />
anu ris safuZvelze adgenT, rom integracia Tavisi saukeTeso<br />
mniSvnelobiT ukve ganxorcielebulia?`<br />
safexuri II. qvejgufebs vTxovT, qaRaldze gadaitanon TavianTi<br />
naazrevi da warmoadginon gaerTianebul jgufSi. masalis mosmenis<br />
Semdeg gaerTianebul jgufs vTxovT, Camoayalibon integraciis<br />
gansazRvreba jgufebis namuSevrebis safuZvelze.<br />
safexuri III. gansazRvrebis Camoyalibebis Semdeg imarTeba diskusia,<br />
romlis drosac sasurvelia gavamaxviloT yuradReba Semdeg sakiTxze:<br />
`Cven ra wvlili SegviZlia SevitanoT imaSi, rom integracia<br />
konstruqciuli scenariT warimarTos?~<br />
magaliTi Cveni gamocdilebidan:<br />
euTos erovnul umciresobaTa dargSi umaRlesi komisris ofisis<br />
integraciis programis partniorTa Sexvedraze mocemuli savarjiSos<br />
ganxorcielebis Sedegad Camoyalibebuli integraciis gansazRvreba:<br />
`eTnikuri umciresobiT kompaqturad dasaxlebuli regionis integracia -<br />
es aris regionis mosaxleobisaTvis Rirseuli cxovrebis uzrunvelyofa<br />
sabazo adamianuri moTxovnilebebis samarTliani dakmayofilebis (Tanasworuflebianoba,<br />
Tanabari SesaZleblobebi, Tanabari pasuxismgeblobebi)<br />
gziT, qveyanaSi mocemul regions, centrs, sxva regionebsa da<br />
sxvadaxva Tems Soris ndobis Senebis fonze.~<br />
57
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
Tema VI. eTnosTaSorisi problemebis analizi<br />
mocemuli Temis mizania, monawileTa mier maT regionSi, qveyanaSi<br />
arsebuli eTnosTaSorisi problemebis gamokveTa, gamokveTil poblemaTa<br />
urTierTmimarTebis gansazRvra, maTSi CarTuli subieqtebis analizi. igi<br />
mosamzadebeli etapia problemis gadaWrisaken mimarTuli erToblivi mu-<br />
SaobisaTvis (ix. Tavi `<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> problemebis gadaWraze mimar-<br />
Tuli samuSao Sexvedris moduli`).<br />
Temis farglebSi moyvanili savarjiSoebi - `problemaTa xe~ da `dainteresebuli/CarTuli<br />
subieqtebis analizi~ logikurad urTierTdakavSirebulia,<br />
Tumca maTi gamoyeneba SeiZleba erTmaneTisagan damoukidebladac.<br />
mocemuli savarjiSoebis gamoyenebis diapazoni Zalian farToa: rogorc<br />
miznobrivi TvalsazrisiT (problemaTa gadaWraze muSaoba, konfliqtis<br />
mogvareba, ama Tu im proeqtis dagegmva da sxv.), aseve samizne jgufebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT (magaliTad, intereTnikur sakiTxebze muSaobisas – am sferos<br />
eqspertTa jgufi, Sereuli eTnikuri jgufi, studentebi da sxv.).<br />
qcevis strategiebi problemur situaciaSi<br />
yoveli adamiani problemur/konfliqtur situaciaSi qcevis ramdenime<br />
models iyenebs. problemur situaciaSi SeiZleba vxelmZRvanelobdeT ori<br />
gansxvavebuli motiviT: 1. orientirebuli viyoT miznis miRwevaze an 2.<br />
orientirebuli viyoT urTierTobebze, magaliTad, kargi urTierTobis<br />
SenarCunebaze problemaSi CarTul meore mxaresTan. am ori motivaciis an<br />
orientaciis sxvadasxva kombinacia ganapirobebs problemur situaciaSi<br />
Cveni moqmedebis xuT gansxvavebul strategias. es strategiebi SeiZleba<br />
gamovsaxoT organzomilebiani koordinatTa sistemiT:<br />
mizanze<br />
orientacia<br />
konkurencia TnamSromloba<br />
kompromisi<br />
ganrideba Segueba<br />
urTierTobaze orientacia<br />
cxovrebiseuli situaciebi Cvengan am xuTidan erT-erTi strategiiT<br />
moqmedebas moiTxovs, raTa efeqturad ganvmuxtoT problemuri situaciebi.<br />
Tavis mxriv, adamianebs gvaqvs unari, ama Tu im gansxvavebuli<br />
strategiiT vimoqmedoT situaciidan gamomdinare. magram, ufro xSirad,<br />
58
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
miuxedavad imisa, mizanSewonilia es Tu ara, adamiani misTvis Cveuli strategiiT<br />
moqmedebs - da es ukve mis pirovnul stils asaxavs. rasakvirvelia,<br />
ar arsebobs strategia, romelic yvela konfliqtur situacias erTnairad<br />
moergeba.<br />
ganrideba: adamiani Tavs aridebs konfliqtSi CarTvas, mTlianad gaecleba<br />
konfliqtis arsebiT problemas, siatuacias da, faqtobrivad, `gadis<br />
TamaSidan~. amgvar situacias konfliqtologiaSi `wageba - mogebas~<br />
uwodeben (vinc ganerideba situacias, is agebs, vinc sargeblobs misi<br />
ganridebiT - igebs).<br />
Segueba: adamiani konfliqtis Tavidan aridebis mizniT eTanxmeba sxvebs,<br />
xSirad sakuTari interesebis sazaralod. amgvar situacias konfliqtologiaSi<br />
agreTve `wageba – mogebas~ uwodeben (vinc egueba - agebs,<br />
visac eguebian - igebs).<br />
konkurencia: adamianebi ejibrebian erTmaneTs miznis miRwevaSi. konkurenciis<br />
situaciaSi TiToeuli maTganis upirvelesi mizania konfliqtis<br />
Tavis sasargeblod gadawyveta meore mxaris interesebis gaTvaliswinebis<br />
gareSe. am SemTxvevaSi erTi mxare aris mogebul (100%),<br />
xolo meore ki wagebul (0%) poziciaSi. amgvar situacias konfliqtologiaSi<br />
`mogeba - wagebas~ uwodeben (is, vinc mizans aRwevs, igebs).<br />
kompromisi: konfliqtSi CarTuli orive mxare Tmobs raimes viTarebis<br />
mosagvareblad. am situacias konfliqtologiaSi `wageba - wageba`-s<br />
uwodeben, anu orive mxare Tmobs Tavis interesebs.<br />
TanamSromloba: adamianebi TanamSromloben konfliqturi situaciis gadawyvetis<br />
mizniT; cdiloben, rom konfliqtSi CarTuli yvela mxaris interesebi<br />
srulad iyos gaTvaliswinebuli da dakmayofilebuli. am dros<br />
adamianebi SemoqmedebiTad muSaoben konfliqtis mogvarebaze. rogorc<br />
wesi, aseT viTarebaSi orive mxare aris mogebuli (100%-100%) da konfliqtologiaSi<br />
mogvarebis amgvar situacias\models `mogeba-mogebas~<br />
uwodeben.<br />
xSirad adamianebs miaCniaT, rom cxovrebaSi mxolod da mxolod `mogebawagebis~<br />
(`iman Tu ixeira, me vizaraleb`), an `wageba-wagebis~ (`Tu me vkargav<br />
raRacas, imanac waagos; rogorc me vwvalob, ise gawvaldes..`) strategiebi<br />
arsebobs. es Secdomaa. cxovreba aRsavsea `mogeba-mogebis~ (`mec kargad viyo<br />
da Senc\isic`) realurad ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobebiT. mTavaria, ar<br />
dagvenanos dro da energia imisaTvis, rom Cveni interesebi CamovayaliboT,<br />
meore mxaris interesebs yuradRebiT gavecnoT da orivesaTvis momgebiani<br />
gadawyvetileba erToblivad, TanamSromlobiT moviZioT.<br />
59
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
Sesabamisi savarjiSoebi:<br />
savarjiSo arsebul problemaTa da maTi<br />
urTierTmimarTebis gacnobierebaze `problemaTa xe~<br />
mizani: erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobasTan dakavSirebul problemebSi garkveva.<br />
imis gacnobiereba, Tu romeli problema/ebi edeba safuZvlad<br />
sxva problemebs, Tu ra ierarqiuli damokidebulebaa problemaTa Soris,<br />
WeSmariti da fsevdo problemebis erTmaneTisagan gamoyofa, imis<br />
gaazreba, Tu ra aris Sesacvleli arsebul viTarebaSi da risi gakeTeba<br />
SeiZleba realurad.<br />
magaliTi Cveni gamocdilebnidan:<br />
problemaTa xe, Sedgenili proeqt `erovnebaTaSirisi <strong>urTierTobebis</strong><br />
<strong>marTva</strong> qvemo qarTlSi, 2006~ erT-erTi muSa jgufis mier<br />
xangrZlivoba: 1 sT. 30 wuTi muSaoba mcire jgufebSi da 30 wuTi -<br />
jgufebis mier namuSevrebis wardgena da diskusia.<br />
masala: TiToeul jgufs erTi `flifCarti~ da `markeri~, `problemis xe~<br />
didi formatis furcelze sademonstraciod.<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. monawileebs vTxovT daiyon mcire jgufebad (araumetes 6<br />
kacisa) da imsjelon imaze, Tu ra problemebi arsebobs maT regionSi<br />
an qveyanaSi erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobebTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
maT unda warmoadginon es problemebi sqematurad, xis saxiT.<br />
maTi TvalsazrisiT centraluri problema xis Reros saxiT gamosaxon,<br />
xis fesvebSi – centraluri problemis warmomSobi problemebi<br />
moaTavson, xolo totebisa da foTlebis adgilas - `simptom-problemebi~,<br />
anu is, Tu konkretulad raSi\ra saxiT vlindeba<br />
centraluri problema.<br />
savarjiSos ganxorcielebis alternatiuli varianti<br />
problemis xeze muSaobis dawyebas SesaZloa win uswrebdes<br />
`gonebrivi ieriSis~ meTodiT jgufis wevrebis mier eTnikur<br />
urTierTobebTan dakavSirebuli im problemebis Camoayalibeba,<br />
romlebsac isini xvdebian TavianT sacxovrebel garemoSi, regionSi<br />
an mTlianad qveyanaSi. amis Semdeg, TiToeuli mcire<br />
jgufi saerTo CamonaTvlidan airCevs samuSao problemas.<br />
safexuri II. mcire jgufebi gaerTianebul jgufSi warmoadgenen TavianT<br />
namuSevrebs, ris safuZvelzec imarTeba diskusia.<br />
60
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
avtorTa rCeva:<br />
• ecadeT, rom mcire jgufebma samuSaod sxvadasxva problema airCion.<br />
es mravalferovnebas Seitans muSaobaSi da sakiTxis sxvadasxva<br />
mxridan Seswavlis saSualebas Seqmnis. Tumca, Tu Tqveni mizani monawileTa<br />
xedvebis Sedareba da Sejerebaa, SegiZliaT sxvadasxva jgufi<br />
erTsa da imave problemaze amuSavoT;<br />
• SesaZloa jgufSi aRmoCndnen adamianebi, romlebsac arasdros ar<br />
gaumaxvilebiaT yurdReba eTnosTa Soris arsebul problemebze da<br />
amitom ar icnoben sakiTxs; Tu jgufi eTnikurad Sereulia – amgvar<br />
adamianebs eZlevaT unikaluri SesaZlebloba gaigon informacia, ase<br />
vTqvaT, `pirveli xelidan~, mousminon sxva eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebs<br />
da gaecnon situaciis maTeul xedvas. amitom, mieciT<br />
monawileebs sakmarisi dro, raTa gaerkvnen da erTmaneTs gamocdileba<br />
gauziaron. amisaTvis, SeiZleba gamoiyenoT mcire jgufebis namuSevarTa<br />
prezentaciis Semdgomi SekiTxvebis dasmisa da diskusiis faza.<br />
magaliTi Cveni gamocdilebnidan:<br />
naxatze mocemuli `problemaTa xe~ Seqmnilia proeqtis `eTnosTaSorisi<br />
<strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong> qvemo qarTlSi, 2007~ farglebSi, proeqtis monawile<br />
regionis sajaro moxeleTa muSa jgufis mier.<br />
61
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
savarjiSo `dainteresebuli/CarTuli<br />
subieqtebis analizi~<br />
mizani: eTnosTaSoris urTierTobaTa Seswavla da masTan dakavSirebul<br />
sakiTxebze mgrZnobelobis donis amaRleba; eTnikur urTierTobebTan<br />
dakavSirebuli sakuTari, sxva eTnikuri jgufebisa da sxva CarTuli<br />
subieqtebis problemebis gageba/gaazreba; eTnikur urTierTobebTan<br />
dakavSirebuli, azrTa sxvadasxvaobis gamomwvevi ama Tu im sakiTxis<br />
mimarT CarTul subieqtTa damokidebulebis gageba.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 1 sT.: mcire (4-6 kacian) jgufebSi muSaoba - 30wT, namu-<br />
Sevris wardgena da diskusia - 30wT (damokidebulia monawileTa da<br />
mcire jgufebis raodenobaze).<br />
masala:<br />
• TiToeuli mcire jgufisaTvis `flifCarti~ da `markeri~.<br />
• monawileTaTvis dasarigebeli masala `qcevis strategiebi problemur<br />
situaciaSi~<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. pirvel rigSi jgufma unda SearCios sakiTxi, problema,<br />
romelic azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs; es SeiZleba iyos igive<br />
sakiTxi, rac `problemaTa xeze~ muSaobisas gamoikveTa.<br />
avtorTa rCeva:<br />
SesaZloa dasawyisSi Catardes `gonebrivi ieriSi~. am dros monawileebi<br />
aqtiurad da kritikis gareSe gamoTqvamen TavianT mosazrebebs.<br />
arsebuli problemebis amosacnobad mcire jgufebs<br />
SevTavazoT gonebrivi ieriSis Sedegad miRebuli CamonaTvalidan<br />
airCion maTTvis saintereso sakiTxi. jgufis muSaoba ufro Sedegiani<br />
iqneba, Tu yvela mcire jgufi sxvadasxva problemaze imu-<br />
Savebs. Tu am savarjiSos `problemaTa xis savarjiSo~ uswrebda win,<br />
maSin ganxilvis sagani swored iq gamokveTili centraluri problema<br />
SeiZleba gaxdes.<br />
safexuri II. jgufi unda daiyos mcire qvejgufebad (4-6 kaci). amis<br />
Semdeg, TiToeul qvejgufs vTxovT gamokveTon problemaSi CarTuli<br />
subieqtebi. usaTuod unda ganvumartoT, rom `CarTuli\dainteresebuli<br />
subieqtebi arian is adamianebi, adamianTa jgufebi, organizaciebi,<br />
uwyebebi an mxareebi, vinc an zemoqmedebs mocemul problemaze,<br />
an Tavad imyofeba misi zemoqmedebis qveS~.<br />
safexuri III. jgufebs dafaze vuxazavT sqemas, romlis mixedviTac maT<br />
unda ganaxorcielon analizi.<br />
62
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
subieqtebi interesebi moTxovnilebebi SiSebi sabazo daSvebebi<br />
subieqti 1<br />
subieqti 2<br />
sqemis miwodebisas monawileebs vuxsniT TiToeuli punqtis mniSvnelobas:<br />
• interesebi: is, risi miRwevac ainteresebs an xels aZlevs mocemul<br />
subieqts mocemul situaciaSi.<br />
• moTxovnilebebi: is, rac mocemuli subieqtisaTvis sasicocxlod<br />
mniSvnelovania am situaciaSi, anu is, ris gareSec is normalurad<br />
ver iarsebebs.<br />
• SiSebi: is, risic eSinia mocemul subieqts mocemul situaciasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT.<br />
• sabazo daSvebebi: is mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebi, romlebsac mocemuli<br />
subieqti absoluturad udavod miiCnevs mocemul situaciaSi<br />
da razec afuZnebs Tavis mosazrebebs.<br />
SeniSvna:<br />
SesaZloa, rom savarjiSo srulad ar Sesruldes, magaliTad,<br />
gamotovebuli iyos grafa `moTxovnilebebi~ (ix. qvemoT moyvanili<br />
magaliTi)<br />
safexuri IV. amis Semdeg, qvejgufebs vTavazobT gaaanalizon gamokveTili<br />
subieqtebi sqemis mixedviT.<br />
63
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
magaliTi Cveni gamocdilebidan:<br />
proeqtis `<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis <strong>marTva</strong> samcxe-javaxeTSi, saqarTvelo,<br />
2006~ farglebSi saxelmwifo marTvis skolis studentTa mier Sedgenili<br />
CarTuli subieqtebis cxrili:<br />
CarTuli<br />
subieqtebi<br />
interesebi SiSebi<br />
mTavroba qveynis stabiloba, demok- avtonomiis moTxovna, teritoratiis<br />
ganviTareba<br />
riuli mTlianobis dakargva<br />
saelCoebi erovnul umciresobaTa<br />
interesebis dacva<br />
konstituciis farglebSi<br />
konfliqtebis gaRviveba<br />
arasamTav- problemebis mogvarebisaTvis mTavrobasTan dapirispireba,<br />
robo dafinansebis moZieba, sazo- erovnuli umravlesobis ganawyeorganigadoebis<br />
mxardaWera, neba, konfliqtis zonaSi Sesvla<br />
zaciebi zedamxedvelobis ganxorcieleba,<br />
Tanasworuflebiani<br />
sazogadoeba<br />
erovnuli Tavisufleba, teritoriuli SeiaraRebuli konfliqti,<br />
umcire- avtonomia, sakuTari masmedia, mTavrobisgan enisa da kulturis<br />
soba mTavrobis yuradReba da dakargvaze mimarTuli sanqciebis<br />
TanamSromlobis<br />
ganxorcieleba, sazogadoebasTan<br />
waxaliseba<br />
SeuTavsebloba gansxvavebulobis<br />
gamo<br />
erovnuli qveynis erTianoba, po- arastabiloba, intereTnikuri<br />
umravlelitikuri stabiluroba, problemebi, mezobeli saxelmwisoba<br />
TviTmyofadobis SenarCuneba foebis intervencia, separatizmi,<br />
diqtatura, eris gadaSeneba<br />
masmedia sityvisa da presis Tavisu- cenzura, saxelmwifosagan<br />
fleba, adamianis uflebebis<br />
dacva, popularoba, reitingi,<br />
sensacia (eTnikuri), eqskluziuroba<br />
zewola, mosaxleobis gulgriloba,<br />
reitingis dacema, daxurvis<br />
saSiSroeba<br />
safexuri V. mas Semdeg, rac qvejgufebi daamTavreben muSaobas, isini<br />
namuSevars waradgenen gaerTianebul jgufSi. prezentaciebs moyveba<br />
saerTo diskusia problemisa da masSi CarTuli subieqetebis<br />
Taobaze. diskusiis stimulirebisaTvis sasurvelia, wamyvanma iseTi<br />
SekiTxvebi dasvas, romelic daexmareba monawileebs yuradReba<br />
gaamaxvilon ara marto problemaTa mizezebze, aramed maT mogvarebasa<br />
da `mogeba-mogeba~ tipis gadawyvetilebebis Ziebaze, anu<br />
iseTi gadawyvetilebebisa, sadac yvela subieqtis moTxovnileba da<br />
interesebi aris gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />
64
SesaZlo kiTxvebi:<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
• rogor SeiZleba davakmayofiloT ama Tu im subieqtis interesebi,<br />
ise rom es winaaRmdegobaSi ar movides sxva ZiriTadi subieqtebis<br />
interesebis dakmayofilebasTan?<br />
• rogor SegviZlia xeli SevuwyoT ama Tu im subieqtis moTxovnilebebis<br />
dakmayofilebas, ise rom es winaaRmdegobaSi ar movides<br />
sxva ZiriTadi subieqtebis moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebasTan?<br />
• ra dacvis meqanizmi CavdoT problemis mogvarebaSi, raTa ama Tu im<br />
subieqtis problemasTan dakavSirebuli SiSebi usafuZvlo gaxdes?<br />
• rogor SegviZlia davZlioT destruqciuli daSvebebi, romelnic<br />
stereotipebsa Tu winaswarganwyobebs gamoxatavs?<br />
savarjiSos ganxorcielebis alternatiuli varianti 1.<br />
Tu ar aris dagegmili jgufTan mogvianebiT problemis gadaWraze muSaoba,<br />
maSin SesaZlebelia interesebisa da SiSebis grafas miumatoT kidev<br />
erTi grafa: `ra unda gakeTdes, raTa interesebi dakmayofildes da SiSi<br />
moixsnas~. amiT monawileebi ara mxolod gamokveTen problemas, aramed<br />
misi gadaWris gzebis moZiebasac Seecdebian.<br />
SesaZlo daskvnebi:<br />
• eTnosTa Soris urTierTobebSi fsiqologiuri faqtorebi Tama-<br />
Soben umniSvnelovanes rols;<br />
• savarjiSoSi SeTavazebuli sqemis SevsebiT win gveSleba ruka,<br />
romelzec TiToeul subieqts SeuZlia `waikiTxos~ gasaTvaliswinebeli<br />
`gzavnili~, romelsac sxva CarTuli subieqti ugzavnis.<br />
mag., mTavrobis warmomadgenlebma SeiZleba advilad dainaxon, ra<br />
amoqmedebs eTnikur umciresobas, rodesac igi raime moTxovnas ayenebs.<br />
Sesabamisi daskvnebis safuZvelze SeuZliaT dagegmon saWiro<br />
pozitiuri qmedebebi am eTnikuri umciresobis moTxovnilebis<br />
dasakmayofileblad.<br />
savarjiSos ganxorcielebis alternatiuli varianti 2.<br />
Tu jgufi eTnikurad Sereulia, SesaZloa mcire jgufebi dakompleqtdes<br />
eTnikuri niSniT. es `xerxi~ iZleva saSualebas sxvadasxva eTnikuri<br />
jufebis warmomadgenlebi gaecnon, Tu rogor xedavs problemaSi CarTul<br />
subieqtebs sxva eTnikuri jgufi, moaxdinon Sedareba da diskusiis<br />
safuZvelze urTierTis xedvebis koregireba. miuxedavad imisa, rom es<br />
sasargebloa monawileTaTvis, wamyvanma unda gaiTvaliswinos Semdegi<br />
riski: mcire jgufebad dayofam eTnikuri niSniT SesaZloa gaaZlieros maT<br />
Soris isedac arsebuli gaucxoeba/konfrontacia, an xeli Seuwyos<br />
urTierTbraldebebis wayenebas. amis Tavidan asacileblad, mniSvnelovania<br />
65
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
jgufis wevrebi ukve icnobdnen erTmaneTs, hqondeT treningis dros<br />
erTad muSaobis gamocdileba da urTierTndobis garkveuli xarisxi;<br />
meore mxriv, yvela am faqtoris arsebobis SemTxvevaSic, saWiroa mocemuli<br />
savarjiSos, da gansakuTrebiT, mcire jgufebis namuSevarTa prezentaciis<br />
fazis faqizi fasilitcia.<br />
Tema VII: <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> problemebis gadaWraze muSaoba<br />
problemaTa gadaWris strategiebi<br />
problemaTa mimarT adamianebis damokidebulebis TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba<br />
gamoiyos strategiaTa oTxi kategoria:<br />
1. problemisagan ganrideba;<br />
2. problemis mizezebisa da simptomebis analizSi `CaZirva~;<br />
3. problemis swrafi, zedapiruli, arasafuZvliani gadaWris mcdeloba;<br />
4. problemis, rogorc gamowvevis aRqma da mis realur gadawyvetaze<br />
muSaoba.<br />
TiToeuli strategiisa da masTan dakavSirebuli adamianTa `tipis~ aRwera:<br />
• problemisagan ganrideba. xSirad vxvdebiT adamianebs, romlebic<br />
cdiloben Tavi aaridon problemebs, gaiadvilon cxovreba, ar<br />
SeamCnion an Tvali daxuWon da zurgi Seaqcion sirTuleebsa da<br />
dabrkolebebs, romlebic cxovrebis gzaze eRobebaT. es `siraqlemis<br />
pozicia~ araTu exmareba adamianebs problemaTa daZlevasa da<br />
cxovrebis gaadvilebaSi, aramed piriqiT: am dros grovdeba da izrdeba<br />
gadauwyvetel problemaTa raodenoba, rac ara mxolod ar-<br />
Tulebs cxovrebas, aramed SeiZleba katastrofuli Sedegebic ki<br />
gamoiwvios.<br />
• problemaTa mizezebisa da simptomebis analizSi `CaZirva~. Zalze xSiria<br />
Cvens sazogadoebaSi SemTxvevebi, roca adamianebi zedmetad<br />
`Caiciklebian~ problemaTa mizezebis `qeqvaSi~, simptomebze laparakSi,<br />
damnaSavis Ziebasa da braldebebSi. nacvlad imisa, rom saRad<br />
gaiazron problemaTa simptomebi da mizezebi da amis safuZvelze<br />
gadavidnen gadawyvetilebis miRebis fazaSi, moxazon problemis<br />
gadawyvetis alternatiuli variantebi da gaakeTon konstruqciuli<br />
arCevani, isini `eflobian~ mizezTa da urTierTdadanaSaulebaTa<br />
`WaobSi~. amis Sedegad, adamianebi msxverplad ewirebian Tavisive<br />
SeTxzul mizezTa konstruqciebs, miTebsa da iluziebs. mizezebis<br />
gadametebul analizs isini mihyavs axal mizezebamde da ase grZel-<br />
66
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
deba gauTavebeli debatebi. gadawyvetilebis miReba ki an usasrulod<br />
igvianebs, an saerTod qreba am adamianTa cxovrebdan.<br />
• gadawyvetilebaTa naadrevi, naCqarevi da zedapiruli miReba. problemaTa<br />
mimarT damokidebulebis mesame strategia xasiaTdeba<br />
zedapirulobiT. esa Tu is piri an adamianTa jgufi Tavs aridebs<br />
problemaTa simptomebisa da mizezebis analizs da pirdapir `eZgereba~<br />
naucbaTev da zedapirul gadawyvetilebas. xSirad aseTi<br />
naCqarevi da zedapiruli gadawyvetilebebi trivialuri xasiaTisaa<br />
da araTu ar wyveten problemas, aramed axals warmoSoben. isini<br />
ufro avtomatur reaqciebs hgavs, vidre moazrebul, SesaZlo<br />
alternativebis Sefasebis safuZvelze gakeTebul arCevans. aq gabatonebulia<br />
`cdisa da Secdomis~ meTodi da iRblisa da gamarTlebis<br />
molodini. cxadia, SemTxveviTi warmatebis Sansi arsebobs,<br />
magram SemTxveva mainc SemTxvevaa, xolo gadawyvetileba mxolod<br />
maSin aris namdvili gadawyvetileba, roca `fsoni~ keTdeba ara<br />
SemTxvevaze, aramed alternativaTa racionalur arCevanze. amdenad,<br />
marcxi da Secdoma am strategiis mudmivad Tanmxlebi movlenaa.<br />
am dros SeiZleba Segeqmnas STabeWdileba, rom adamianebi<br />
specialurad iReben naCqarev da zedapirul gadawyvetilebas, raTa<br />
iwvnion kidev erTi marcxi, Secdoma da warumatebloba.<br />
• problemis gamowvevad miCneva da misi realuri gadawyveta. es<br />
strategia problemis realuri da konstruqciuli gadawyvetis<br />
sawindaria. am dros adamiani problemaSi marto damabrkolebel,<br />
xelisSemSlel sirTuleebs ki ar xedavs, aramed pozitiuri momentis<br />
saxiT gamoyofs sirTuleebs, rogorc Tavisebur gamowvevas, raTa<br />
maTi daZlevis meoxebiT Tvisobrivad axali rame daiwyos, cxovrebaSi<br />
ganviTarebis axal etapze gadavides, sulierad da materialurad<br />
gamdidrdes, miaRwios maRal da sasurvel mizans da sxv.<br />
SCORE-s meTodi<br />
problemis gadawyvetis mravali strategiidan Cven SevarCieT e.w.<br />
SCORE-s meTodi, romelic problemis warmatebuli gadawyvetis erT-erT<br />
yvelaze efeqtur gzad gvevlineba. SCORE-s meTodi 5 nabijisgan Sedgeba,<br />
romelTagan pirvelia “S”, (Symptoms) anu simptomebis gamovlena; meore<br />
nabijia “C” (Causes), anu mizezebis dadgena; mesame nabiji gaxlavT “O”<br />
(Outcomes), anu gamosavlis, sasurveli Sedegis naTlad warmodgena; meoTxe<br />
nabiji aris “R” (Resources), anu, - adamianuri, sulieri Tu materialuri<br />
resursebis dadgena; dabolos, mexuTe nabijia “E~ (Effects), anu efeqtebis,<br />
67
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
sxvanairad rom vTqvaT – im xanmokle Tu grZelvadiani zegavlenis<br />
gaTvaliswineba, rasac problemis esa Tu is gadawyveta moaxdens pirovnebaze,<br />
jgufze, sazogadoebasa da/an garemoze. problemis gadawyetaze<br />
muSaobisas, misi efeqturi da mdgradi gadaWrisaTvis, aucilebelia<br />
TiToeuli am safexuris Tanmimdevrulad gavla.<br />
SCORE-s meTodi ama Tu im intereTnikuri problemis gadawyvetis<br />
mniSvnelovan potencials Seicavs. am potencialis realizaciisaTis sa-<br />
Wiroa, rom sxvadasxva eTnosTa warmomadgenlebi erToblivad axorcielebdnen<br />
am strategias romelime konkretuli problemis gadasawyvetad.<br />
treningze am meTodis gamoyeneba monawileebs saamiso pirobebs<br />
uqmnis da Sesabamis konstruqciul gamocdilebas sZens.<br />
simptomebi (S). problema vlindeba ama Tu im saxiT da SeiZleba misi<br />
gamovlenis niSnebi davaxasiaToT. Tu xis metaforas gavixsenebT (ix.<br />
Tema VI `eTnosTaSorisi problemebis analizi`) da problemas xis<br />
Reros saxiT moviazrebT, misi niSnebi iqneba calke totebi da<br />
foTlebi totebsa da rtoebze. isini bevria da, Sesabamisad, nebismier<br />
problemas, pirad cxovrebaSi iqneba is warmoWrili Tu intereTnikur<br />
urTierTobebSi, bevrnairi gamovlineba aqvs. problemis niSnebis (simptomebis)<br />
gamosavlenad ismeba kiTxvebi: raSi vlindeba problema? ras<br />
vxedav, ra mesmis, ras vgrZnob, roca problemasTan maqvs saqme? ra<br />
Cans, ra ismis, ra igrZnoba?<br />
mizezebi (C). problemaTa mizezebis amosacnobad unda daisvas kiTxva:<br />
`ratom?~. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis kargi iqneba, Tu intereTnikuri problemebis<br />
dasaxasiaTeblad gamoviyenebT xis metaforas da fesvebis<br />
adgilas mivuTiTebT problemis mizezebs; Reros adgilas CavsvamT<br />
problemis Sinaarss, xolo totebis, rtoebisa da foTlebis adgilas<br />
warmovidgenT damaxasiaTebel niSnebs (simptomebs).<br />
sasurveli Sedegebi (O). problemis gadawyvetis Sesaxeb bevri <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong><br />
da treningi Semoifargleba zemoaRniSnuli ori nabijis daxasiaTebiT.<br />
kerZod, intereTnikuri <strong>urTierTobebis</strong>, konfliqtebis da<br />
sxva problemebis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis da mizezebis detaluri<br />
daxasiaTebiT. es sruliadac ar aris sakmarisi problemaTa gadasawyvetad.<br />
aucilebelia problemis gadawyvetis sxvadasxva, alternatiul<br />
variantTa moxazva da arCevanis gakeTeba am mravalvariantian situaciaSi.<br />
maSasadame, naTlad unda warmovidginoT, gavaJReroT da vigrZnoT<br />
is mogvarebuli, `problemagadawyvetili~ viTareba, riskenac miviswrafiT.<br />
ufro sworad Tu vityviT, winaswar unda davxatoT gonebaSi da<br />
TvalsaCinod warmovidginoT is situacia, roca problema gadawyvetilia,<br />
sasurveli mizani miRweulia da cxovreba midis axleburi saxiT.<br />
misaRwevi mdgomareobis aseTi mkafio winaswari warmodgena igivea, rom<br />
68
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
xelT gvqondes gzamkvlevi an ruka, romelic gviCvenebs Tu saiT da<br />
rogor viaroT. miznis mkafio warmodgena Canafiqris realobad gadaqcevis<br />
meqanizmi da garanti xdeba. am fazaSi Cvens Tavs unda davusvaT<br />
Semdegi kiTxvebi: rogori iqneba situacia problemis gadawyvetis<br />
Semdeg? ras davinaxav, movismen da vigrZnob iseTs, romelic damidasturebs,<br />
rom problema ukve gadawyda? ras minda mivaRwio problemis<br />
gadawyvetiT da rogor gavigeb, rom mizans mivaRwie? vinmes filmi rom<br />
gadaeRo maSindeli viTarebis Sesaxeb, rogor gamoCndeboda Cveni<br />
cxovreba? ras grZnoben adamianebi, rogor gamoiyurebian isini, ras<br />
amboben da ra ismis, ra Cans garemoSi? amdagvari warmosaxviTi filmis<br />
`kadrebi~ did zegavlenas axdenen adamianebze, raTa maT problemis<br />
gadawyvetis procesi miiyvanon sasurvel Sedegebamde.<br />
resursebi (R). mas Semdeg, rac moviazrebT da davaproeqtebT sasurvel<br />
realobas, romelic miiRweva problemis gadawyvetis Sedegad, saWiroa<br />
detalurad ganvsazRvroT is saSualebebi da resursebi, riTac miiRweva<br />
mizani. saSualebebi da resursebi SeiZleba iyos materialuri,<br />
inteleqtualuri, adamianuri, finansuri, sxvadasxva saxis meTodebi,<br />
xerxebi da teqnika. saWiroa yvela maTganis Tavmoyra, gaTvla, momzadeba,<br />
daxarisxeba da a.S. kiTxva, romelic problemis gadaWris am fazaSi<br />
daismeba, Semdegia: ra gziTa da resursebiT, ra saSualebebiT<br />
mivaRwev mizans?<br />
efeqtebi (E). problemis konstruqciuli gadawyvetis strategiis bolo<br />
nabijia yvela im saboloo an uaxloesi Sedegis winaswar moazreba da<br />
dagegmva, rac problemis gadawyvetas mohyveba Tan. sityva `efeqti~ aq<br />
niSnavs gavlenas, cvlilebas, rac problemis gadawyvetas mohyva sazogadoebaSi,<br />
jgufSi an calkeul pirovnebaSi. Sedegebi unda iyos `ekologiurad<br />
validuri~. es ki imas niSnavs, rom problemis gadawyvetam<br />
unda moaxdinos pozitiuri gavlena adamianebze, garemosa da sazogadoebaze,<br />
maqsimalurad unda Semcirdes zianis riski. problemis<br />
gadawyveta ara mxolod uaxloesi amocanebis gadawyvetas unda emsaxurebodes,<br />
aramed garkveulad unda aisaxos Soreuli miznebis ganxorcielebazec.<br />
am etapze SeiZleba daisvas kiTxvebi: ra zegavlenas moaxdens<br />
problemis gadawyveta garemoze, adamianebze, sazogadoebaze,<br />
konkretul pirze, Cemze? xom ar iqneba miRebuli Sedegi saziano? ra<br />
sargeblobas moitans igi? ra Sors mimavali efeqti eqneba miRebul<br />
gadawyvetilebas, problemis gadaWras? rogor aisaxeba igi TiToeuli<br />
Cvenganis cxovrebaze? xanmokle iqneba Tu xangrZlivi dadebiTi<br />
Sedegi? rogor uzrunvelvyoT miRebuli Sedegis sicosxlisunarianoba<br />
da mdgradoba?<br />
69
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
savarjiSo `SCORE – problemis gadaWris gzebis moZieba~<br />
mizani: eTnikuri problemis gaanalizeba da misi erToblivad gadaWris<br />
konkretuli gzebis dasaxva<br />
xangrZlivoba: 1.30 sT.<br />
masala:<br />
• `flifCartebi~, `markerebi~ TiToeuli jgufisaTvis<br />
• monawileTaTvis dasarigebeli masala `eTnosTaSorisi problemis<br />
gadaWris strategiebi”.<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. eTnosTaSorisi <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> marTvis treningis monawileebs<br />
vTxovT problemaTa CamoTvlas, maTgan `pirvelxarisxovanTa~<br />
gamoyofas da bolos erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovanis gamokveTas;<br />
safexuri II. monawileebi jer ganridebis strategias miusadageben<br />
aRniSnul, yvelaze mniSvnelovan problemas. tardeba gonebrivi<br />
ieriSi Semdeg sakiTxebze:<br />
• ra saxis ganridebis strategia SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli:<br />
problemaze `Tvalis daxuWva~, problemis ver SemCneva,<br />
gadawyvetilebis miRebisa da problemaze msjelobisaTvis<br />
Tavis arideba, problemis mtkivneulobis momizezebiT masze<br />
msjelobis usasrulod gadadeba; konfliqturi problemis<br />
dros mxolod mxareTa daSorebaze zrunva, sakiTxis problemurobis<br />
ignorireba da `racionalizacia~ da sxva;<br />
• Tavis ganridebis SesaZlo motivacia;<br />
• SesaZlo mogebani da wagebani ganridebis strategiaTa gamoyenebisas;<br />
• Semajamebeli diskusia.<br />
safexuri III. amis Semdeg monawileebi igive problemas moiazreben<br />
mizezebis `qeqvisa~ da masSi `CaZirvis~ strategis kuTxiT. isini<br />
gaiTamaSeben im adamianebis rols, romlebic am strategiiT moqmedeben<br />
da mudmivad eZeben damnaSaves, dgebian bralmdeblis poziciaSi,<br />
rezonioroben 19 da a. S. amis Semdeg, monawileebi arkveven am<br />
strategiis motivacias, mogebasa da wagebas. Sejamebisas, monawileebi<br />
erTmaneTs uziareben grZnobebsa da azrebs `CaZirvis~ strategiis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
safexuri IV. Semdgomi etapi monawileTa mier zerele gadawyvetilebaTa<br />
miRebis da ganxorcielebis modelirebas exeba. `gonebrivi ieriSis~<br />
dros xdeba zerele da naucbaTevi gadawyvetilebebis nusxis Sedgena<br />
mocemul mniSvnelovan problemasTan dakavSirebiT. am Sem-<br />
19 ix. terminTa ganmartebani<br />
70
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
TxvevaSic xdeba naucbaTevi gadawyvetilebis miRebis motivaciis,<br />
mogebisa da wagebis analizi, tardeba Semajamebeli diskusia.<br />
safexuri V. wamyvani atarebs mini-leqcias problemis analizisa da<br />
gadaWris 4 strategiis Sesaxeb.<br />
safexuri VI. dabolos, monawileebi SCORE-s meTodis gamoyenebiT<br />
axdenen aRniSnuli mniSvnelovani problemis realur damuSavebas<br />
da Rirebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebas.<br />
safexuri VII. wamyvani da monawileebi erTmaneTs uziareben Catarebuli<br />
samuSaos Sedegebs.<br />
SesaZlo daskvnebi:<br />
• monawileebi acnobiereben, rom garda zerele, ganridebis an `rezoniorobis~<br />
strategiebisa, arsebobs problemis konstuqciulad<br />
gadaWris strategiac;<br />
• monawileebi ar wyveten muSaobas problemis analizis etapze. isini<br />
Tavad eZeben gamosavals, anu maT SesaZlebloba eZlevaT, `aq da am-<br />
Jamad~ daZlion zerele, ganridebis an `rezoniorobis~ strategia<br />
da SeimuSavon realuri gadawyvetileba.<br />
• realuri gadawyvetilebis erToblivi SemuSaveba monawileebs unergavs<br />
rwmenas, rom problema gadaWradia da rom TiToeul maTgans<br />
SeuZlia Tavisi monawileobiT dadebiTi wvlili Seitanos eTnos-<br />
TaSorisi <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> gaumjobesebaSi.<br />
treningis daskvniTi nawili<br />
treningis daxurvas sami mniSvnelovani amocana axlavs Tan:<br />
pirveli, es aris ganxorcielebuli samuSaos Sefaseba da ukukavSiris<br />
miReba monawileebisagan: anu, saubari imaze, Tu ra SeiZines maT treningis<br />
Sedegad, gamarTlda Tu ara maTi molodinebi, ra ganxorcielda maTi<br />
azriT efeqturad da ra SeiZleba SemdgomSi kidev ufro daixvewos, da a.S.<br />
ukukavSiri, erTi mxriv, monawileebs aZlevs miRebuli gamocdlebis kidev<br />
erTxel gaazrebis saSualebas. meore mxriv, ukukavSiri uaResad mniSvnelovania<br />
TviT treningis wamyvanTaTvis, ramdenadac is maT Catarebuli<br />
muSaobis gaazrebisa da Semdgomi daxvewis saSualebas aZlevs.<br />
ganvlili samuSaos Sesafaseblad, garda ukukavSiris sityvieri gacvlisa,<br />
sasurvelia monawileebisaTvis moamzadoT specialuri struqturirebuli<br />
Sefasebis kiTxvari, daurigoT maT da sTxovoT rom anonimurad<br />
Seavson (ix. danarTi 2).<br />
meore amocana, romelic damasrulebel etapze unda Sesruldes, es<br />
aris monawileTaTvis da sesiis wamyvanTaTvis erTmaneTTan nayofieri<br />
TanamSromlobisaTvis madlierebis grZnobis gamoxatva.<br />
71
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
dabolos, mesame amocana - monawileTa SesaZlo momavali TanamSromlobisaken<br />
`xidis gadeba~.<br />
Sesabamisi savarjiSoebi<br />
savarjiSo ukukavSiris miRebaze:<br />
mizani: monawileebisa da sesiebis wamyvanTa mier imis gacnobiereba, Tu<br />
ramdenad ganxorcielda treningis mizani da amocanebi, Tu ramdenad<br />
gaamarTla treningma monawileTa molodinebi<br />
xanrZlivoba: 40 wT.<br />
masala: monawileebis mier teningis sawyis sesiaze Sesrulebuli `flif-<br />
Carti~, sadac maTi molodinebia dafiqsirebuli<br />
mimdinareoba: sesiis wamyvani erTmaneTis miyolebiT asaxelebs monawileTa<br />
`flifCartze~ dafiqsirebul molodinebs da ekiTxeba jgufs, Tu ramdenad<br />
gamarTlda isini; es bunebrivad gadaizrdeba zogadad treningze<br />
miRebuli codnisa da gamocdilebis gansjaSi monawileebisa da sesiis<br />
wamyvanTa mier.<br />
savarjiSo ukukavSiris miRebaze (alternatiuli varianti):<br />
mizani: monawileebisa da sesiebis wamyvanTa mier imis gacnobiereba, Tu<br />
ramdenad ganxorcielda treningis mizani da amocanebi, Tu ramdenad<br />
gaamarTla treningma monawileTa molodinebi<br />
xanrZlivoba: 40 wT.<br />
masala: `flifCarti~ da `markeri~.<br />
mimdinareoba: sesiis wamyvanebi `epatiJebian~ monawileebs rig-rigobiT gamoTqvan,<br />
Tu ra mniSvneloba SeiZina maTTvis treningze gatarebulma<br />
drom – ra iswavles, ras gamoiyeneben cxovrebaSi/praqtikaSi; amasTan<br />
erTad, ra miaCniaT, rom unda ganxorcielebuliyo sxvanairad, raTa<br />
wamyvanebma es momavlSi gaiTvaliswinon. ukukavSiris sesiis wamyani<br />
paralelurad ajamebs gamoTqmul mosazrebebs da gadaaqvs flifCartze,<br />
romelic dayofilia or grafad: `ra SeviZineT~ da `ra gaviTvaliswinoT<br />
samomavlod~.<br />
savarjiSo urTierTmadlierebis gamosaxatavad<br />
mizani: muSaobis dasasruls dadebiTi muxtis Semotana jgufSi; urTier-<br />
TisTvis madlierebis gamoxatva<br />
xangrZlivoba: damokidebulia jgufis sidideze (15 wT.);<br />
72
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
masala: ar aris saWiro;<br />
mimdinareoba: monawileebi sxdebian wriulad. erT-erTi jgufis wevri<br />
miubrundeba Tavisgan marjvniv mjdoms da usurvebs mas raimes, Semdeg<br />
mimarTavs mTel jgufs da yvela monawiles usurvebs raime kargs. amis<br />
Semdeg, igives akeTebs Semdegi (marjvena) monawile da ase grZeldeba<br />
manam, sanam mTeli jgufi ar gamoTqvams Tavis keTil survilebs.<br />
avtorTa rCeva:<br />
• sasurvelia, rom savarjiSo daiwyos Tqvengan an TqveniT dasruldes,<br />
raTa monawileebma ufro Tavisuflad igrZnon Tavi.<br />
• mniSvnelovania treningis bolos monawileebs davurigoT monawileTa<br />
da treningis wamyvanTa sia kontaqtebiT – raTa SeZenili<br />
kontaqtebis SenarCunebasa da momavalSi SesaZlebel TanamSromlobas<br />
SevuwyoT xeli.<br />
• sasurvelia rom treningis damTavrebis Semdgom wamyvanebma daweron<br />
treningis TxrobiTi angariSi, da daugzavnon monawileebs, monawileebis<br />
mier Sevsebuli Sefasebis kiTxvaris Sedegebis TandarTviT.<br />
TxrobiTi angariSi monawileebs treningis procesSi ganvilili<br />
gamocdilebis kidev erTxel gaazrebisa da gaSinagnebis saSualebas<br />
miscems.<br />
73
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
euTos saerTaSoriso dokumentebi<br />
masala wamyvanisaTvis/dasarigebeli masala<br />
danarTi 1<br />
adamianuri ganzomilebis euTT konferenciis kopenhagenis TaTbiris<br />
dokumenti<br />
kopenhageni, 1990 w. 29 ivnisi<br />
evropis uSiSroebisa da TanamSromlobis TaTbiris (euTT) wevri-qveynebis<br />
warmomadgenlebma avstriidan, belgiidan, bulgareTidan, ungreTidan,<br />
germaniis demokratiuli respublikidan, germaniis federaciuli respublikidan,<br />
saberZneTidan, daniidan, irlandiidan, espaneTidan, italiidan,<br />
kanadidan, kviprosidan, lixtenSteinidan, luqsemburgidan, maltidan,<br />
monakodan, niderlandebidan, norvegiidan, poloneTidan, portugaliidan,<br />
rumineTidan, san-marinodan, vatikanidan, gaerTianebuli samefodan, amerikis<br />
SeerTebuli Statebidan, sabWoTa socialisturi respublikebis kav-<br />
Siridan, TurqeTidan, fineTidan, safrangeTidan, Cexoslovakiidan, Sveicariidan,<br />
SvedeTidan da iugoslaviidan Caatares TaTbiri kopenhagenSi<br />
1990 wlis 5-19 ivniss adamianuri ganzomilebis konferenciis euTT dadgenilebebis<br />
Sesabamisad, romelsac iTvaliswinebda euTT venis Sexvedris<br />
Semajamebeli dokumenti.<br />
I<br />
(1) wevri-qveynebi gamoxataven TavianT rwmenas, rom adamianis uflebebisa<br />
da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis dacva da xelSewyoba aris marTvis erTerTi<br />
Zireuli mizani da adastureben, rom uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis<br />
aRiareba warmoadgens mSvidobis, Tavisuflebisa da samarTlianobis<br />
safuZvels.<br />
IV<br />
(30) wevri-qveynebi aRiareben, rom eTnikur umciresobebTan dakavSirebuli<br />
sakiTxebi damakmayofileblad unda gadawydes demokratiul politikur<br />
CarCoebSi, romelic damoukidebeli sasamarTlo sistemis pirobebSi<br />
emyareba kanonis uzenaesobas. es CarCoebi uzrunvelyofs adamianis<br />
uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis, moqalaqeTa Tanabari<br />
uflebebisa da pirobebis, maTi kanonieri interesebisa da molodinebis<br />
Tavisufali gamoxatvis, politikuri pluralizmis, socialuri Semwynareblobisa<br />
da samarTlebrivi normebis Sesrulebis pativiscemas, rac<br />
efeqturi barieria saxelmwifo Zalauflebis borotad gamoyenebis<br />
gzaze.<br />
74
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
isini aseve aRiareben arasamTavrobo organizaciebis, politikuri<br />
partiebis, profkavSirebis, adamianis uflebebze momuSave organzaciebisa<br />
da religiuri jgufebis mniSvnelobas Semwynareblobis, kulturuli<br />
mravalferovnebisa da eTnikur umciresobebTan dakavSirebuli<br />
sakiTxebis gadawyvetis procesSi.<br />
isini adastureben, rom eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebis<br />
uflebebis pativiscema warmoadgens wevr-qveynebSi mSvidobis, samar-<br />
Tlianobis, stabilurobisa da demokratiis arsebiT faqtors.<br />
(31) pirebs, romlebic miekuTvnebian eTnikur umciresobas, aqvT ufleba,<br />
kanonis winaSe sruli Tanasworobis pirobebSi bolomde efeqturad ganaxorcielon<br />
sakuTari adamianuri uflebebi Tu ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebi<br />
da yovelgvari diskriminacis gareSe.<br />
wevri-qveynebi aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi miiReben specialur<br />
zomebs, raTa uzrunvelyon eTnikur umciresobebs mikuTvnebuli pirebis<br />
sruli Tanasworoba sxva moqalaqeebTan, adamianis uflebebisa da<br />
ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis ganxorcielebisa da sargeblobisaTvis.<br />
(32) piris mikuTvnebuloba eTnikuri umciresobisadmi aris misi piradi<br />
arCevani da aranairi arasasurveli Sedegi ar aRmocendeba aseTi ar-<br />
Cevanis ganxorcielebisas.<br />
eTnikur umciresobas mikuTvnebul pirebs aqvT ufleba, Tavisuflad<br />
gamoxaton, SeinarCunon da ganaviTaron sakuTari eTnikuri,<br />
kulturuli, enobrivi Tu religiuri TviTmyofadoba da xeli Seuwyon<br />
sakuTari kulturis ganviTarebas yvela aspeqtSi ise, rom ar Seiqmnas<br />
asimilaciis mcdeloba maTi nebasurvilis sawinaRmdegod. kerZod, maT<br />
aqvT Semdegi uflebebi:<br />
(32.1) Tavisuflad gamoiyenon sakuTari ena pirad da sazogadoebriv<br />
cxovrebaSi.<br />
(32.2) Seqmnan da SeinarCunon sakuTari saganmanaTleblo, kulturuli<br />
da religiuri organizaciebi an asociaciebi, romlebsac SeuZliaT<br />
moiZion nebayoflbiTi finansuri an sxva daxmareba, aseve saxelmwifoebrivi<br />
mxardaWera erovnuli kanonmdeblobidan gamomdinare.<br />
(32.3) hqondeT TavianTi religiuri TviTmyofadoba. kerZod, SeiZinon,<br />
iqonion da gamoiyenon religiuri nivTebi da aRasrulon religiuri<br />
moRvaweoba mSobliur enaze da aswavlon religia;<br />
(32.4) daubrkoleblad daamyaron kontaqtebi erTmaneTTan qveynis saz-<br />
RvrebSi da aseve sazRvargareT, sxva qveynis moqalaqeebTan, romelTac<br />
gaaCniaT saerTo eTnikuri da erovnuli warmoSoba, kulturuli<br />
memkvidreoba da religiuri sarwmunoeba;<br />
(32.5) gaavrcelon informacia, hqondeT saSualeba mSobliur enaze in-<br />
75
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
formaciis miRebisa da gacvlis;<br />
(32.6) Seqmnan da gaaZlieron asociaciebi da organizaciebi qveynis<br />
farglebSi da monawileoba miiRon saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis moRvaweobaSi.<br />
pirebs, romlebic miekuTvnebian erovnul umciresobas, SeuZliaT<br />
ganaxorcielon TavianTi uflebebi. gamoiyenon isini individualurad<br />
da TavianTi jgufis wevrebTan erTad. im pirisaTvis,<br />
romelic miekuTvneba erovnul umciresobas, ar SeiZleba warmoiSvas<br />
raime arasasurveli Sedegi nebismieri aseTi uflebis ganxorcielebisa<br />
Tu ganuxorcieleblobis gamo.<br />
(33) wevri-qveynebi daicaven eronuli umciresobis eTnikur, kulturul,<br />
enisa da religiur TviTmyofadobas TavianT teritoriaze da Seqmnian<br />
pirobebs TviTmyofadobis xelSewyobisaTvis. am mizniT saWiro konsultaciebis<br />
Catarebis Sedegad isini miiReben aucilebel zomebs, romelic<br />
uzrunvelyofs umciresobebis organiziaciebTan an asociacieb-<br />
Tan kontaqtis damyarebas yoveli saxelmwifo gadawyvetilebis miRebis<br />
procedurasTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
monawile qveynis mier ganxorcielebuli nebismieri aseTi zoma sxva<br />
moqlaqeebis mimarT Tanasworobasa da aradiskriminaciasTan iqneba<br />
gaigivebuli.<br />
(34) wevri-qveynebi ecdebian uzrunvelyon pirobebi, raTa pirebs, romlebic<br />
erovnul umciresobas miekuTvnebian, miuxedavad Sesabamisi saxelmwifos<br />
oficialuri enisa da enebis Seswavlis saWiroebisa, hqondeT<br />
SesaZlebloba, Seiswavlon TavianTi mSobliuri ena an iswavlon<br />
mSobliur enaze. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gamoiyenon is saxelmwifo irganoebSi<br />
erovnuli kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad.<br />
istoriisa da kulturis swavlebisas saswavleblebSi isini aseve<br />
gaiTvaliswineben erovnuli umciresobis kulturasa da istorias.<br />
(35) wevri-qveynebi pativs scemen eTnikur umciresobas mikuTvnebuli pirebis<br />
uflebebs, miiRon efeqturi monawileoba im saqmeebSi, romlebic<br />
exeba maTi TviTmyofadobis dacvasa da xelSewyobas. wevri-qveynebi<br />
mxedvelobaSi iReben eTnikur umciresobaTa kulturuli, eTnikuri,<br />
enobrivi da religiuri TviTmyofadobis dacvisa da xelSewyobisaTvis<br />
gaweul Zalisxmevas. igulisxmeba dainteresebuli saxelmwifos<br />
politikasTan SeTanxmebiT adgilobrivi an avtonomiuri marTvis organoebis<br />
Seqmna, romelic iTvaliswinebs umciresobaTa istoriul da<br />
teritoriul pirobebs.<br />
(36) wevri-qveynebi aRniSnaven maT Soris konstruqciuli TanamSromlobis<br />
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas eTnikuri umciresobebis sakiTxebze.<br />
76
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
aseTi TanamSromloba miznad isaxavs urTierTgagebisa da ndobis, megobruli<br />
da keTilmezobluri urTierTobis, saerTaSoriso mSvidobis,<br />
usafrTxoebisa da samarTlianobis xelSewyobas.<br />
yoveli wevri-qveyana xels Seuwyobs urTierTpativiscemis, gagebis,<br />
solidarobisa da TanamSromlobis Camoyalibebas mis teritoriaze<br />
mcxovreb yvela adamians Soris, ganurCevlad religiisa, eTnikuri an<br />
erovnuli warmoSobisa da waaxalisebs problemis gadawyvetas kanonis<br />
uzenaesobis principebze agebuli dialogis meSveobiT.<br />
euTos eqspertTa TaTbiris angariSi<br />
eTnikuri umciresobebis sakiTxebze<br />
Jeneva, 1991 w.<br />
wevri-qveynebi Seqmnian iseT pirobebs, romelic uzrunvelyofs Tanabar<br />
SesaZleblobebs eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenelTaTvis, maT<br />
efeqtur monawileobas saxelmwifo, ekonomikur da sazogadoebriv<br />
cxovrebaSi.<br />
diskriminaciis prevencias, gansakuTrebiT eTnikuri umciresobebis<br />
warmomadgenelTa dasaqmebis, ganaTlebisa da sacxovrebeli adgiliT uzrunvelyofis<br />
sakiTxebSi. am TvalsazrisiT isini uzrunvelyofen SesaZleblobas,<br />
Tu ukve ar aris es gakeTebuli, raTa moxdes calkeul pirTa<br />
uflebebis dasacavad efeqturi saSualebebis gamoyeneba, ganurCevlad<br />
imisa, miekuTvnebian Tu ara es pirebi eTnikur umciresobas.<br />
wevri-qveynebi darwmunebulni arian, rom eTnikuri umciresobebis<br />
Seqmnili faseulobebisa da kulturuli memkvidreobis SenarCuneba saWiroebs<br />
am eTnikuri umciresobis warmomadgenelTa monawileobas aRniSnul<br />
procesSi. am sakiTxSi mniSvnelovania gansxvavebuli kulturis mimarT pativiscema.<br />
wevri-qveynebi adastureben, rom pirebs, romlebic miekuTvnebian eTnikur<br />
umciresobas, eqnebaT iseTive moqalaqeobrivi uflebebi da valdebulebebi,<br />
rogorc danarCen mosaxleobas.<br />
wevri-qveynebi kvlav adastureben saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi specialuri<br />
zomebis miRebas imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyofil iqnas eTnikuri umciresobebis<br />
warmomadgenelTa da sxva moqalaqeTa sruli Tanabroba uflebebisa<br />
da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis realizaciaSi.<br />
wevri-qveynebi aRniSnaven eTnikuri umciresobebis kulturuli, enobrivi<br />
da religiuri TviTmyofadobis dasacavad Sesabamisi zomebis miRebis<br />
aucileblobas. aRniSnuli zomebi miRebuli unda iyos wevri-qveynebis<br />
moqalaqeTa Tanabrobis principis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
wevri-qveynebi aRiareben iseTi zomebis mniSvnelobas, romelnic iTva-<br />
77
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
liswineben eTnikuri umciresobebis istoriul da teritoriul interesebs,<br />
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania aseTi zomebi iq, sadac demokratiuli<br />
institutebi jer Camoyalibebis procesSia, eTnikur umciresobebTan<br />
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi ki iwvevs gansakuTrebul mRelvarebas.<br />
mravalferovnebisa da gansxvavebuli konstituciuri sistemebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
ris gamoc ar aris aucilebeli erTi zogadi kanonis gamoyeneba,<br />
wevri-qveynebi interesiT aRniSnaven, rom zogierTma maTganma demokratiuli<br />
gziT miaRwia dadebiT Sedegs qvemoT CamoTvlili meqanizmebis<br />
safuZvelze:<br />
• sakonsultacio da direqtiuli organoebi, romelSic CarTulni<br />
arian eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebi, kerZod ki organoebi,<br />
romelnic funqcionireben ganaTlebis, kulturisa da religiis<br />
sferoebSi;<br />
• eTnikuri umciresobebis monawileoba eTnikuri umciresobebis sakiTxebze<br />
momuSave arCeviT oragizaciebsa da asambleebSi;<br />
• eTnikuri umciresobebis monawileoba adgilobrivi da avtonomiuri<br />
mmarTvelobis organoebSi; teritoriul safuZvelze mowyobili<br />
avtonomiebi. es gulisxmobs konsultaciur, sakanonmdeblo<br />
da aRmasrulebeli organoebis arsebobas, romelTa arCeva xdeba<br />
Tavisufali da regularuli arCevnebis safuZvelze;<br />
• eTnikuri umciresobebis TviTmmarTveloba TviTmyofadobis sakiTxebSi,<br />
Tu teritoriuli avtonomia ar aris uzrunvelyofili;<br />
• marTvis decentralizirebuli da adgilobrivi formebi;<br />
• ormxrivi da mravalmxrivi SeTanxmebebi Tu sxva tipis molaparakebebi,<br />
romlebic exeba erovnul umciresobebs;<br />
• erovnul umciresobaTa warmomadgenelTaTvis mSobliur enaze<br />
ganaTlebis miRebis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofa, eTnikuri<br />
umciresobebis kompaqturi gansaxlebis struqturasa da maT<br />
•<br />
kulturul tradiciebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT;<br />
eTnikur umciresobaTa enebis Seswavlis dafinanseba; umciresobaTa<br />
enebis CarTva eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebiT<br />
dasaxlebuli raionebis pedagogiuri dawesebulebebis saswavlo<br />
programebSi;<br />
• im SemTxvevaSi, roca qveynis teritoriaze mSobliur enaze konkretuli<br />
sagnebis Seswavla ver xorcieldeba sasurvel doneze,<br />
kanoniT unda iqnes miRebuli im diplomebis aRiareba, romlebic<br />
gacemulia sazRvargareT, ara-saxelmwifo enaze swavlis damTavrebisTanve;<br />
• saxelmwifo kvleviTi dawesebulebebis Seqmna kanonmdeblobis gansaxilvelad<br />
da Tanabari uflebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gasavrceleblad;<br />
78
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
• erovnuli umciresobebis warmomadgenlebisaTvis finansuri da<br />
konsultaciuri daxmarebis gaweva maTi uflebebis realizaciis<br />
xelSewyobisaTvis, romelic exeba sakuTari saganmanaTleblo, kulturuli<br />
da religiuri dawesebulebebis, organizaciebisa da asociaciebis<br />
Seqmnasa da ganviTarebas;<br />
• saxelmwifo daxmareba diskriminaciasTan dakavSirebuli siZneleebis<br />
dasaZlevad (magaliTad, moqalaqeTa Soris <strong>urTierTobebis</strong><br />
mogvarebis samsaxuri);<br />
• umciresobebis jgufebs, umravlesobisa da umciresobis warmomadgenlebsa<br />
da aseve mosazRvre raionebis mosaxleobis doneze urTierTobis<br />
damyarebaSi xelSewyoba. es procesebi xels Seuwyobs<br />
konfliqtebis mSvidobiani gziT daregulirebasa da daZabulobis<br />
Tavidan acilebas;<br />
• mudmivi komisiebis Seqmnis xelSewyoba, romelSic CarTulni iqnebian<br />
sxvadasxva erovnebis warmoadgenlebi da romelnic izruneben<br />
mosazRvre teritoriaze mcxovreb eTnosebs Soris urTierTobis<br />
daregulirebaze.<br />
wevri saxelmwifoebi Tvlian, rom am da sxva xerxebs calke an erToblivad<br />
SeuZliaT umciresobis mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba maT teritoriaze.<br />
V<br />
wevri-saxelmwifoebi pativs scemen eTnikuri umciresobis warmomadgenlebis<br />
uflebas, raTa maT individualurad an sxva moqalaqeebTan er-<br />
Tad Seqmnan da mxari dauWiron asociaciebsa da organziaciebs TavianTi<br />
qveynebis farglebSi da miiRon monawileoba saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo<br />
organziaciebis moRvaweobaSi.<br />
wevri-saxelmwifoebi aseve adastureben erovnuli umciresobebis uflebas,<br />
Seqmnan da mxari dauWiron sakuTar saganmanaTleblo, kulturul,<br />
religiur dawesebulebebs, organizaciebsa da asociaciebs da ar daabrkolon<br />
am uflebaTa xorcSesxma.<br />
amasTan dakavSirebiT, isini aRiareben sasicocxlod mniSvnelovan<br />
rols, romelsac TamaSoben calkeuli pirebi, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi,<br />
religiuri da sxva jgufebi sxvadasxva kulturebs Soris urTierTgagebis<br />
xelSewyobis saqmeSi da sazogadoebebs Soris <strong>urTierTobebis</strong><br />
gaumjobesebaSi yvela doneze, maT Soris saerTaSorisoze.<br />
isini Tvlian, rom aseTi organizaciebis, jgufebisa da calkeuli<br />
moqlaqeebis uSualo Tvalyuris devneba Zalze sasargeblo aRmoCndeba<br />
erovnuli umciresobebis warmomadgenlebis mimarT valdebulebis Sesrulebis<br />
waxalisebisaTvis. amitom isini mxars dauWeren aseTi oragnizaciebis,<br />
jgufebisa da calkeuli moqalaqeebis muSaobas, ar daabrkoleben<br />
maT da miesalmebian maT Setanil wvlils am sferoSi.<br />
79
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
danarTi 2<br />
`energaizerebi~, anu jgufuri energiis<br />
gadamaxalisebeli savarjiSoebi/TamaSebi<br />
<strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s am nawilSi mocemulia ramdenime savarjiSo, romelic<br />
xels uwyobs jgufSi `yinulis galRobas~, daZabulobisa da daRlilobis<br />
moxsnas, gantvirTvas. zogi maTgani SegiZliaT Tematurad gamoiyenoT<br />
romelime sakiTxis gasaRrmavelad da interaqciuli elementis Sesatanad<br />
jgufur dinamikaSi. aseve, Cveni rCevaa, gamoiyenoT `energaizerebi~ iseT<br />
situaciaSi, rodesac jgufis dinamika sagrZnoblad ecema ama Tu im mizezis<br />
gamo. `energaizeris~ Semdeg jgufis gaxalisebul wevrebs gauadvildebaT<br />
muSaobis gagrZeleba.<br />
savarjiSo `atomi da molekula~<br />
mizani: monawileebis gaxaliseba da jgufSi energiis Setana; SesaZlebelia<br />
am savarjiSos gamoyeneba maSin, rodesac gsurT jgufis dayofa mcire<br />
jgufebad.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 5-10 wT.<br />
masala: ar aris saWiro<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
monawileebs sTxovT, fexze adgnen da aZlevT savarjiSos instruqcias:<br />
`Tqven xarT atomebi da Cems niSanze oTaxSi iwyebT moZraobas swrafad<br />
da qaosurad nebismieri mimarTulebiT, xolo rodesac taSis xmas gaigebT,<br />
CerdebiT da ra cifrsac vityvi, imdeni adamiani dajgufdebiT<br />
erTad, rogorc molekula~. wamyvani aZlevs niSans minawileebs da isini<br />
iwyeben qaosurad moZraobas. wamyvans SeuZlia nebismier dros gaaCeros<br />
isini taSiT da daiZaxos sxvadasxva cifrebi: 3, 7, 1, 25...<br />
savarjiSo `wvima~<br />
mizani: monawileebis gaxaliseba da jgufSi energiis Setana.<br />
xangrZlioba: 5-10 wT.<br />
masala: ar aris saWiro.<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. monawileebi sxdebian wriulad da Tqven aZlevT Semdeg miTiTebebs:<br />
`me daviwyeb xelebiT garkveuli moZraobebis keTebas da<br />
talRiseburad, erTmaneTis miyolebiT, yvela monawile gaimeorebs<br />
maT. Cemi Txovnaa, daicvaT rigiToba. Semdeg, rodesac es moZraoba<br />
isev Cemamde moaRwevs, me Sevcvli mas sxva moZraobiT (manamde<br />
pirveli moZraoba ar wydeba). yvela saTiTaod, aseve talRiseburad,<br />
TanmimdevrobiT Secvlis am moZraobas. moZraobas imeorebT<br />
80
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
manam, sanam axali moZraobis talRa ar mova Tqvenamde da a.S. rac<br />
mTavaria, savarjiSo unda sruldebodes srul siCumeSi~.<br />
safexuri II. yvela Cumdeba da Tqven iwyebT moZraobebs. Tavidan xelis<br />
gulebs usvamT erTmaneTs. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom wvima daiwyo<br />
Cumad. Semdeg TiTebs atkacunebT – wamovida wvimis didi wveTebi;<br />
Semdeg muxlebze irtyamT xelebs – wvima gaZlierda; Semdeg fexebs<br />
abakunebT iatakze – kokispirulad wvims...<br />
safexuri III. iwyeba `wvimis gadaRebis~ procesi da Tqven akeTebT igive<br />
moZraobebs, oRond piruku: jer muxlebze irtyamT xelebs, Semdeg<br />
TiTebs atkacunebT, Semdeg xelis gulebs usvamT erTmaneTs da<br />
bolos CerdebiT.<br />
savarjiSo `saiT qris qari~<br />
mizani: monawileebis gaxaliseba da jgufSi energiis Setana; monawileebis<br />
umtkivneulod ganawileba jgufSi.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 10 wT.<br />
masala: skamebi (monawileTa raodenobaze erTiT naklebi).<br />
mimdinareoba: monawileebs aZlevT Semdeg miTiTebas: `me axla warmovTqvam<br />
winadadebas, romelsac daviwyeb sityvebiT `qari qris maTken, vinc...~<br />
da raime fraziT davasruleb, xolo is adamianebi, visac Cemi frazis<br />
meore nawili exeba, dgebian fexze da cvlian adgilebs, rac SeiZleba<br />
swrafad, mag., `qari qris maTken, vinc dRes dalia yava~. aseTi adamianebi<br />
swrafad icvlian adgilebs. rogorc xedavT, wreSi erTi skamiT<br />
naklebia, anu viRac aucileblad darCeba fexze da Semdeg ukve is<br />
daasrulebs frazas~.<br />
winadadebebi SeiZleba iyos mravalferovani, mag.: `qari qris maTken,<br />
visac acvia Savi fexsacmeli~; `vinc 30 wels gadacilebulia~; `visac<br />
saxlSi hyavs raime cxoveli~ da a.S. mniSvnelovania, rom fraza exebodes<br />
jgufis rac SeiZleba met wevrs, raTa metma adamianma miiRos<br />
TamaSSi monawileoba.<br />
SeniSvna:<br />
gaiTvaliswineT jgufis monawileTa fizikuri mdgomareoba,<br />
raTa Zalian ar gadaRaloT an ufunqciod ar datovoT isini,<br />
visac ar SeuZliaT srulfasovnad gadaadgileba.<br />
savarjiSo `pi-pa-po~<br />
mizani: monawileTa gaxaliseba da jgufSi energiis Setana.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 5-10 wT.<br />
81
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
masala: ar aris saWiro.<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. monawileebs sTxovT, dadgnen wreSi da erTmaneTs xelebi<br />
Cahkidon. Semdeg aZlevT miTiTebas: `axla me wreze daviwyeb bgera<br />
`pi`-s gadacemas, anu Cemgan marjvniv mdgoms Cavxedav TvalebSi,<br />
nela movuWer xels da vetyvi `pi~. Semdeg is aseve gadascems am<br />
bgeras mis gverdiT mdgoms da ase gagrZeldeba manam, sanam bgera me<br />
ar damibrundeba Cemgan marcxniv mdgomisagan.~<br />
safexuri II. mas Semdeg, rac monawileebi gadascemen bgera `pi`-s wreze,<br />
Tqven maT urTulebT davalebas: `axla me isev, igive wesiT gadavcem<br />
bgera `pi`-s Cemgan marjvniv mdgoms, magram savarjiSos gavarTuleb<br />
da Cemgan marcxniv mdgoms bgera `pa`-s gadavcem. orive bgera unda<br />
wavides wreze, oRond erTmaneTis sapirispiro mimarTulebiT da<br />
isev me damibrundes, Sesabamisad `pi~ - marcxnidan, xolo `pa~ -<br />
marjvnidan.~<br />
safexuri III. es am savarjiSos yvelaze rTuli donea da misi gamoyeneba<br />
mizanSewonilia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu monawileebma warmatebiT gaarTves<br />
Tavi pirvel or etaps. miTiTeba amjerad ase JRers: `axla me<br />
isev gadavcem wreze bgera `pi~-s marjvniv, bgera `pa`-s marcxniv da<br />
davamateb bgera `po`-s isev marjvniv. Tqven unda moaxerxoT ise<br />
moataroT es bgerebi wreze, rom arc erTma ar Seicvalos mimar-<br />
Tuleba da sruli wre Sekras.~<br />
avtorTa rCeva:<br />
Tu jgufma kargad gaigo ra unda gaakeTos, SegiZliaT wamyvanis<br />
funqcia sxvas miandoT an cvaloT wamyvanebi.<br />
es sakmaod rTuli savarjiSoa, Tumca misi xibli swored amaSia.<br />
monawileebi Zalian xalisoben misi Sesrulebisas, rac treningis an<br />
seminaris Sinaarsidan gamoTiSvas da ganmuxtvas iwvevs.<br />
savarjiSo `masaJi wreze~<br />
mizani: monawileebis gaxaliseba da jgufSi energiis Setana.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 5 wT.<br />
masala: ar aris saWiro.<br />
mimdinareoba: monawileebs sTxovT, adgnen fexze, Sekran wre da Sebrundnen<br />
zurgiT erTmaneTisaken. Semdeg afrTxilebT, rom unda gaimeoron Tqveni<br />
moZraobebi warmoTqmuli teqstis fonze: `Tavidan iyo mze~ – xelebiT<br />
akeTebT wriul moZraobas Tqven win myofi adamianis zurgze; `magram mere<br />
amovarda qari~ – xelebiT akeTebT horizontalur moZraobebs marjvnidan<br />
marcxniv. `Seiyara Rrublebi~ – TiTebiT da xelis gulebiT aviw-<br />
82
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
rovebT kunTebs zurgze; `wamovida wvima~ – TiTebiT iwyebT dakakunebas;<br />
`wamovida setyva~ – muStebs ubagunebT zurgze; `setyvam gadaiRo, magram<br />
isev wvims~ – ganagrZobT TiTebis kakuns. `Semdeg isev amovarda qari~ –<br />
horizontaluri moZraobebi xelebiT; `gadaiyara Rrublebi da mzem<br />
gamoanaTa~ – masaJs amTavrebT isev wriuli moZraobebiT.<br />
avtorTa rCveva: am savarjiSos gakeTeba uxerxulobas iwvevs jgufSi, romlis<br />
wevrebic kargad ar icnoben erTmaneTs an daZabulebi arian. aseve, unda<br />
gaiTvaliswinoT kulturuli konteqstic, radgan zogierT kulturaSi<br />
Sexeba (gansakuTrebiT sxvadasxva sqess Soris) uxerxulobas iwvevs.<br />
83<br />
danarTi 3
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
eTnosTaSorisi <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
trening-kursis Sefaseba<br />
danarTi 4<br />
Sefaseba anonimuria<br />
gTxovT CasvaT Sesabamisi aRniSvnebi ujredebSi, kursis TiToeuli sakiTxis<br />
Sesafaseblad.<br />
Sefasebis skala: 1= Zalian cudi, 2= cudi, 3=aradamakmayofilebeli,<br />
4= damakmayofilebeli, 5= kargi, 6= Zalian kargi<br />
saerTo Sefaseba 1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
organizeba<br />
administrireba<br />
samuSao oTaxi<br />
momsaxureba<br />
xangrZlivoba<br />
kidev risi Tqma msurs organizaciis Sesaxeb:<br />
_________________________________________________________<br />
_________________________________________________________<br />
_________________________________________________________<br />
Sinaarsi 1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
eTnikuroba da saxelmwifo mowyobis modelebi<br />
saerTaSoriso dokumentebi<br />
stereotipebisa da diskriminaciis gacnobiereba<br />
da daZleva<br />
eTnosTaSorisi problemebis analizi<br />
problemebis gadaWraze muSaoba<br />
saWiroebaTa kvleva da proeqtis ideebis bankis Seqmna<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTObebis eTikuri<br />
kodeqsis Seqmna<br />
kidev risi Tqma msurs zogadad kursis Sesaxeb:<br />
_________________________________________________________<br />
_________________________________________________________<br />
_________________________________________________________<br />
romeli sakiTxebi iyo CemTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso da ratom?<br />
_________________________________________________________<br />
_________________________________________________________<br />
_________________________________________________________<br />
ra sakiTxs daamatebdiT kursis programas?<br />
_________________________________________________________<br />
_________________________________________________________<br />
_________________________________________________________<br />
84
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
Tavi II. erovnebTaSorisi urTierTobis problemebis gadaWraze<br />
mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedris moduli<br />
problemis gadaWraze mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedris modulis mizania<br />
sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenelTaTvis intreTnikuri problemebis<br />
gadawyvetaze erToblivi muSaobisaTvis Sesabamisi pirobebis Seqmna.<br />
intereTnikuri problemebis qveS aq igulisxmeba eTnosTaSorisi urTier-<br />
Tobis sferoSi arsebuli problemebi, rogorc maT sacxovrebel adgilze,<br />
ise mTeli qveynis masStabiT. samuSao Sexvedra treningis etapze dawyebuli<br />
muSaobis logikuri gagrZeleba. treningis procesSi monawileebi<br />
`SeTamaSdnen~, gamoimuSaves saerTo xedva, gaecnen sakiTxs da fsiqologiurad<br />
Seemzadnen problemebis erToblivad gadaWraze mimarTuli<br />
muSaobisaTvis. Tumca, <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s am nawilSi mocemul teqnologiebs<br />
damoukidebeli Rirebulebac gaaCnia - maTi gamoyeneba SeiZleba sxvadasxva<br />
mizniT Sekrebili jgufebis muSaobis procesSic.<br />
masala, msgavsad treningis Tavisa, aqac sxvadsxva Temis mixedviT mokle<br />
Teoriuli nawilebisa da Sesabamisi savarjiSoebis saxiT aris dalagebuli.<br />
Tema I. mkvlevar-eqspertis roli da misi morgeba<br />
mkvlevar-eqspertis rolis gansazRvra<br />
qvemoT moyvanili msjeloba primitiulad mogeCvenebaT da es marTlac<br />
asea – mas ara aqvs mecnierulobis pretenzia. is xelovnurad amartivebs<br />
saqmis viTarebas (anawevrebs realobas), savarjiSoSi mocemuli rolebis<br />
gansasazRvravad. xolo TviT savarjiSo, romlisTvisac es rolebi ganisazRvreba,<br />
emsaxureba adamianSi stereotipebis `Seryevasa~ da misi azrovnebisa<br />
da qcevis moqnilobis gavarjiSebas. maS ase,<br />
mkvlevari, aris adamiani, romelic miznad isaxavs Seiswavlos realobis<br />
raime mocemuloba. igi svams kiTxvebs da cdilobs miiRos rac SeiZleba<br />
meti da amomwuravi pasuxi. Zalian mniSvnelovania, kiTxvebi sworad<br />
iqnas dasmuli, raTa mkvlevarma SeZlos, erTi mxriv, swori mimarTulebiT<br />
warmarTos kvleva da, meore mxriv, miiRos adeqvaturi pasuxebi.<br />
eqsperti aris adamiani, romelsac dagrovili aqvs garkveul sferoSi<br />
codna, gamocdileba da igi kompetenturia pasuxi gasces mis saeqsperto<br />
sferosTan dakavSirebul kiTxvebs. amitom, uxeSad rom vTqvaT,<br />
mkvlevars veZaxiT adamians, romelic svams kiTxvebs, xolo eqsperts _<br />
vinc pasuxobs maTze. adamiani, romelic Tavis TavSi aerTianebs rogorc<br />
eqspertis resurss (codna da kompetencia) aseve mkvlevris<br />
unars sworad dasvas SekiTxvebi, aris mkvlevar-eqsperti. `mvlevar-<br />
85
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
eqsperti~, erTi mxriv, kompetenturia Sesabamis sferoSi, da amave<br />
dros, Riaa arsebuli codnis gadafasebis, ganaxlebisa, da gafar-<br />
TovebisaTvis, igi mudmivad axlis ZiebaSia.<br />
mkvlevarisa da eqspertis rolebi SeiZleba ganvixiloT adamianis ganviTarebis<br />
analogiiTac. kerZod, adamiani dabadebidan mozardobis Ca-<br />
TvliT, ZiriTadad, samyaros Semecnebis, kvlevis da kiTxvebis dasmis<br />
strategias iyenebs. mogvianebiT es strategia icvleba: adamians ugrovdeba<br />
codna, amoqmeddeba mravali sqema, stereotipi da igi, ZiriTadad, am<br />
gamocdilebis bazas eyrdnoba. xSirad azrovnebis Tu moqmedebis stereotipul<br />
sqemebze dayrdnoba aferxebs axali SesaZleblobebis danaxvas,<br />
movlenaTa mravalmxriv ganxilvas, rasac moyveba iseTi negatiuri Sedegebi,<br />
rogoricaa: qcevis, azrovnebis sixiste, konfliqturoba da a. S.<br />
savarjiSo `mkvlevar-eqspertis rolSi Sesvla~<br />
mizani: monawileebma gaiTavison maTTvis dakisrebuli mkvlevar-eqspertis<br />
roli.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 30-40 wT.<br />
masala:<br />
• `flifCarti~, `markerebi`<br />
• monawileTaTvis dasarigebeli masala `mkvlevar-eqspertis rolis<br />
gansazRvra`<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. mkvlevar-eqspertis rolis axsna.<br />
auxseniT monawileebs, Tu ras niSnavs mkvlevar-eqspertis roli da<br />
xazi gausviT im faqts, rom isini mocemul momentSi swored am<br />
rols asruleben.<br />
safexuri II. monawileebi dayaviT or jgufad. ecadeT, TiToeul jgufSi<br />
umravlesobas qmnidnen erTi raionis an eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebi.<br />
amis Semdgom sTxoveT monawileebs, Sekran ori koncentrirebuli<br />
(Sida da gare) wre. Sida wreSi mdgomi monawileebi<br />
dgebian saxiT gare wreSi mdgomTa pirispir. TiToeul monawiles<br />
Sida wridan unda hyavdes mewyvile gare wreSi.<br />
safexuri III. amis Semdeg monawileebs rolebs vaZlevT. Sida wreSi<br />
mdgomni arian `eqspertebi~, xolo gare wreSi mdgomni _ `mkvlevarebi~.<br />
mkvlevari usvams Tavis mewyvile pirispir mdgom eqperts<br />
SekiTxvas, romelic exeba erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobebs regionSi.<br />
eqsperti pasuxobs dasmul kiTxvaze.<br />
safexuri IV. mas Semdeg, rac mkvlevarebi pasuxs miiReben, Sida wreSi<br />
mdgomi monawileebi (eqspertebi) gadainacvleben TiTo nabijiT<br />
86
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
marjvniv, raTa aRmoCndnen axali mewyvilis pirispir. am momentidan<br />
rolebi icvleba da is, vinc iyo eqsperti, xdeba mkvlevari da usvams<br />
SekiTxvas mas, vinc iyo mkvlevari da amjerad eqspertad iqca.<br />
es ukanaskneli pasuxobs SekiTxvebs. ase grZeldeba manam, sanam<br />
wreSi mdgomni ar daubrundebian sawyis wyvilebs. Tumca Tu<br />
monawileTa raodenoba didia, SegiZliaT daasruloT ramdenime<br />
gadanacvlebis Semdgom.<br />
kiTxvebi ganxilvisaTvis:<br />
• rogor grZnobdiT Tavs mkvlevarisa da eqspertis rolebSi?<br />
• romel ampluaSi ufro komfortulad grZnobdiT Tavs?<br />
• ra sakiTxebi gamoikveTa savarjiSos Sesrulebis dros?<br />
• ramdenad urTierTSemavsebelia es rolebi?<br />
safexuri V. SeekiTxeT monawileebs da pasuxebis miRebis paralelurad,<br />
CamowereT `flifCartze~ sakiTxTa nusxa, romelic ganixiles `eqspertebma~<br />
da `mkvlevarebma~ savarjiSos msvlelobisas. gaukeTeT<br />
mcire komentari gamokveTil sakiTxebs. isini, SesaZloa, gamogadgeT<br />
muSaobis Semdgom etapze (ix. qvemoT).<br />
Tema II. saWiroebaTa kvleva da proeqtTa ideebis bankis Seqmna<br />
manfred maqs-nifis moTxovnilebaTa Teoria<br />
mocemuli Tezisebi efuZneba Cileli ekonomistis manfred maqs-nifis<br />
naSroms `adamianis sabazo moTxovnilebebi da adamianuri faqtoris<br />
ganviTareba~, momzadebuli iyo britanuli saerTaSoriso organizacia<br />
`saerTaSoriso gangaSis~ da adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondis<br />
erToblivi konferenciisaTvis `adamianis sabazo moTxovnilebebi da<br />
instituciuri ganviTareba saqarTveloSi~. Tezisebi yuradRebas<br />
amaxvilebs maqs-nifis Teoriis humanistur potencialze 20 .<br />
I. zneobrivi potenciali. maqs-nifis Teorias ori kategoriis moTxovnilebaTa<br />
`Sejvareba~ qmnis. pirvel kategorias warmoadgenen e.w. aqsiologiuri,<br />
anu faseulobebze dafuZnebuli moTxovnilebebi, rogorebicaa: arseboba/TviTgadarCena,<br />
identoba, usafrTxoeba, Semoqmedeba, monawileoba,<br />
gageba/ganaTleba, emociur urTierTobebSi CarTuloba, ZalTa aRdgena/Wvreta,<br />
Tavisufleba. xolo meore kategorias miekuTvnebian e.w. egzistencialuri<br />
moTxovnilebebi, rogoricaa: yofna, floba, keTeba da urTi-<br />
20 ix. gamoyenebuli literaturas sia<br />
87
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
erTqmedeba. es ukanasknelni warmoadgenen aqsiologiuri moTxovnilebebis<br />
gamovlenisa da dakmayofilebis formebs. faseulobebze dafuZnebuli<br />
moTxovnilebebis gamoyofiT, maqs nifma, faqtobrivad, adamianuri sawyisi,<br />
imTaviTve mocemuli buneba, zogadsakacobrio humanisturi faseulobebis<br />
kategoriebSi gaiazra da daaxasiaTa, ramac mis Teorias udidesi humanisturi<br />
potenciali SesZina.<br />
II. optimizmis potenciali. maqs-nifi mkveTrad ganasxvavebs moTxovnilebebsa<br />
da maTi dakmayofilebis saSualebebs (es misi didi damsaxurebaa,<br />
ramdenadac, rogorc samecniero literaturaSi, aseve yofiT metyvelebaSi,<br />
isini xSiradaa aRreuli). maqs-nifis Tanaxmad, adamianis sabazo<br />
moTxovnilebebi mcirericxovani, sasruli da ucvlelia yvela kulturasa<br />
da istoriul periodSi. rac Seexeba dakmayofilebis saSualebebs, isini<br />
uaRresad mravalferovania da icvleba kulturisa da istoriuli drois<br />
Sesabamisad. isini ar daiyvaneba ekonomikur faseulobebamde, maT rolSi<br />
SesaZloa aRmoCndnen organizaciis sxvadasxva formebi, politikuri<br />
struqturebi, subieqturi mdgomareobebi, Rirebulebebi da normebi,<br />
geografiuli adgili, qcevisa Tu ganwyobis tipi da sxva. maqs-nifis<br />
Teoriis `SigTavss~ swored dakmayofilebis sxvadasxva saSualebaTa magaliTebi<br />
Seadgens.<br />
maqs-nifi ganasxvavebs konstruqciuli, `pozitiuri~ da destruqciuli,<br />
`negatiuri~ dakmayofilebis saSualebebs. konstruqciulia dakmayofilebis<br />
saSualebebi, Tu isini WeSmaritad akmayofileben moTxovnilebas/ebs;<br />
negatiuria dakmayofilebis saSualebebi, romelnic ver/ar akmayofileben<br />
im moTxovnilebas/ebs romelTa dasakmayofilebladac arian<br />
mowodebulni.<br />
moTxovnilebisa da misi dakmayofilebis saSualebebis amgvari gamijvnis<br />
safuZvelze maqs-nifma adamianis sabazo moTxovnilebebs, ase vTqvaT,<br />
`udanaSaulobis prezumfcia~ daubruna. adamianis moTxovnilebebi, misi<br />
SexedulebiT, imTaviTve humanisturia, ramdenadac zogadsakacobrio faseulobebzea<br />
dafuZnebuli. rac Seexeba dakmayofilebis saSualebebs, isini<br />
SesaZloa iyos konstruqciuli an destruqciuli. Tu adamianis sabazo<br />
moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis konstruqciuli gzebis Ziebaze vimuSavebT,<br />
samyaroSi naklebi Zaladoba iqneba - es ki iZleva jansaRi optimizmis<br />
safuZvels.<br />
III. problemis gadaWrisa da ganviTarebis potenciali. problemur situaciaze<br />
adamianisa Tu adamianTa jgufis/sazogadoebis qcevas yvelaze xSirad<br />
Semdegi ori modeli gamoxatavs: 1. orientacia damnaSavis Ziebaze: 2.<br />
orientacia problemis gadaWraze. pirvel SemTxvevaSi mTavari SekiTxvaa,<br />
`ratom Seiqmna problema, vis/ris gamo, vin/ra aris damnaSave?~ rogorc<br />
wesi, aseT SemTxvevaSi saqme damnaSavis dasjiT sruldeba da ara marto<br />
88
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
Zveli problema rCeba gadauWreli, aramed mas axali problemebic emateba.<br />
amgvar strategias xSirad SevxvdebiT dRes Cvens sazogadoebasa da mmar-<br />
Tvel wreebSi. zemoTqmulis erT-erT TvalsaCino magaliTad Tundac Cvens<br />
qveyanaSi 90-ian wlebSi mimdinare permanentuli energetikuli krizisi da<br />
misi daZlevis, damnaSavis gamovlenaze orientirebuli araefeqturi strategia<br />
gamodgeba.<br />
rac Seexeba problemis gadaWraze mimarTul strategias, aq SekiTxva<br />
ase JRers: `rogor Seiqmna es problema, ra faqtorebi zemoqmedebs,<br />
rogor SeiZleba misi mogvareba?~ da a.S. maqs-nifis Teoria swored am<br />
mimarTulebiT azrovnebisaken gangvawyobs: maqs-nifis Teoriis erT-erTi<br />
amosavali debuleba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Tu adamianis esa Tu is sabazo<br />
moTxovnileba ver/ar kmayofildeba, es iwvevs Semdgom paTologias.<br />
magram es paTologia daZlevadia: koleqtiuri paTologiis `gansakurnad~<br />
aucilebelia specialuri midgoma, romelic dafuZnebulia interdisciplinur<br />
kvlevasa da qmedebaze.<br />
amdenad, maqs-nifis mixedviT, adamianis sabazo moTxovnileba aris is, rasac<br />
Cven ver SevcvliT (da arc unda SevcvaloT). magram dakmayofilebis saSualebebi<br />
ki aris is, ris SecvlaSic SegviZlia wvlili SevitanoT Cveni socialuri,<br />
profesiuli da a.S. aqtivobiT. amgvarad, aqac moTxovnilebisa da misi damakmayofileblis<br />
gamijvnis safuZvelze. maqs-nifma SemogvTavaza samuSao iaraRi, romelic<br />
saSualebas gvaZlevs, muSaoba warvmarToT problemis gadawyvetis, anu<br />
moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis konstruqciuli saSualebebis moZiebis<br />
mimarTulebiT, romlebic progresisken wagviyvans da ara regresisaken.<br />
IV. meTodologiuri potenciali. maqs-nifis Teoriis mixedviT adamianis<br />
arseboba SeiZleba moviazroT garkveul samuSao kategoriebSi, romlebic<br />
saSualebas iZleva gavaanalizoT arsebuli situacia, amovicnoT destruqciuli<br />
dakmayofilebis saSualebebi da moviZioT konstruqciuli dakmayofilebis<br />
saSualebebi. am mxriv, manfred maqs-nifi, faqtobrivad, mza meTodologiur<br />
instruments gvTavazobs zemoT dasaxelebuli interdisciplinaruli<br />
kvlevisa da qmedebis gansaxorcieleblad. amjerad Cveni mizani<br />
ar aris misi meTodis dawvrilebiT daxasiaTeba, ubralod mniSvnelovania<br />
yuradRebis gamaxvileba avtoris mier aRweril konstruqciul da destruqciul<br />
dakmayofilebis saSualebaTa qvekategoriebze, rogorc analizisaTvis<br />
mniSvnelovan instrumentze.<br />
konstruqciuli dakmayofilebis saSualebebSi maqs nifi gamoyofs or<br />
qvekategorias:<br />
mxolobiTi da mravlobiTi 21 damakmayofileblebi. mravlobiTi dakmayofilebis<br />
saSualeba erTi romelime moTxovnilebis (romlis dasakmayofilebladac<br />
is aris mowodebuli) paralelurad akmayofilebs kidev erT<br />
21<br />
TviT maqs-nifi mrvlobiTis nacvlad iyenebs termins `sinergiuli~ dakmayofilebis<br />
saSualebebi<br />
89
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
an ramdenime moTxovnilebasac. magaliTad, ZuZuTi kveba, erTi mxriv,<br />
bavSvis arsebobis SenarCunebas emsaxureba, meore mxriv ki usafrTxoebis,<br />
emociur kavSirebSi CarTulobis, identobis da sxva moTxovnilebebs pasuxobs.<br />
anda, saTemo demokratiuli organizaciebi, romelTa Seqmnac dRes<br />
ase waxalisebulia, monawileobis moTxovnilebis paralelurad, akmayofilebs<br />
usafrTxoebis, CarTulobis, Semoqmedebisa da sxva moTxovnilebebs.<br />
mxolobiTi dakmayofilebis saSualebebi aRwers iseT movlenas, institucias,<br />
organizacias, romelic erTi konkretuli moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas<br />
emsaxureba. magaliTad, aseTia dazRvevis sistemebi, romlebic<br />
usafrTxoebis moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebiskenaa mimarTuli.<br />
rac Seexeba destruqciuli dakmayofilebis saSualebebs, maqs-nifi aq<br />
sam qvekategorias gamoyofs. esenia: moZalade, fsevdo da zeWarbi damakmayofileblebi.<br />
zeWarbi damakmayofilebeli imdenad Warbad cdilobs moTxovnilebis<br />
dakmayofilebas, rom, faqtobrivad, blokavs ara marto mas,<br />
aramed mTeli rigi sxva moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebasac. magali-<br />
TisaTvis gamodgeba zemzrunvelobiTi aRzrda, romelic, erTi mxriv, TiTqosda<br />
mimarTulia usafrTxoebis moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebisaken,<br />
magram realurad adamians ukargavs sasicocxlo brZolisunarianobas da<br />
aferxebs ara marto usafrTxoebis, aramed Tavisuflebis, identobis,<br />
monawileobisa da sxva moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebas.<br />
moZalade damakmayofileblebi ZaladobasTan dakavSirebuli kategoriebia.<br />
Tavdapirvelad isini gamiznulia usafrTxoebis moTxovnilebis<br />
dasakmayofileblad, magram sinamdvileSi ara mxolod mas, aramed rig sxva<br />
moTxovnilebebsac aferxebs. magaliTad aviRoT saomari moqmedebebi. ra-<br />
Rac momentSi isini miznad isaxaven problemis mogvarebas, ama Tu im<br />
jgufisaTvis usafrTxoebis mopovebas, magram, meore mxriv, rogorc Tavad<br />
mimdinareobis procesSi, aseve Semdgomi Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT, amas<br />
mTeli rigi moTxovnilebebis (maT Soris usafrTxoebisac) absoluturi<br />
daukmayofilebloba da imedgacrueba mosdevs. anda, ganvixiloT ekonomikuri<br />
migracia, romelic popularuli Tema iyo Cveni proeqtis msvlelobisas:<br />
javaxeTis regionis warmomadgenlebi xSirad saubrobdnen masze,<br />
rogorc arseboba/gadarCenis moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis saSualebaze.<br />
magram, meore mxriv, ekonomikur migrants absoluturad engreva monawileobis,<br />
identurobis, CarTulobis, Tavisuflebis moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebis<br />
xarisxi sxva qveyanaSi.<br />
fsevdodamakmayofileblebi moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis iluzias<br />
qmnian, Tumca, am SemTxvevaSi ar xdeba WeSmariti dakmayofileba. magaliTis<br />
saxiT SeiZleba ganvixiloT bunebrivi resursebis `eqspluatacia~,<br />
romelic ase popularuli iyo axlo warsulSi. sabWoTa periodSi aseTi<br />
terminic ki arsebobda - `adamianis gamarjveba bunebaze~. es, TiTqosda,<br />
TviTgadarCenas emsaxureboda, magram emsaxureboda ki? xSir SemTxvevaSi<br />
windauxedavi qmedeba Cven winaaRmdeg ekologiur katastrofad Semob-<br />
90
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
runda?! aqve SeiZleba moviyvanoT eTnikuri stereotipebis magaliTi, romlebic,<br />
erTi mxriv, viTomda ama Tu im eTnikuri jgufis gagebaSi<br />
gvexmareba, magram sinamdvileSi Cvens aRqmas ukargavs obieqturobas da<br />
sakuTari iluziebis tyveobaSi gvamyofebs.<br />
fsevdodamakmayofileblebi friad gavrcelebuli movlenaa da Cveni<br />
yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan maTze mravali magaliTis moyvana SeiZleba. am<br />
etapze SesaZlebelia mxolod zogierTi saWirboroto sakiTxis SekiTxvis<br />
saxiT wamoWra: magaliTad, ruseTis samxedro baza axalqalaqSi: iyo ki es<br />
usafrTxoebis moTxovnilebis WeSmariti damakmayofilebeli javaxeTis<br />
macxovrebelTaTvis? aris ki usafrTxo, rodesac samxedro baza Sens sacxovrebel<br />
arealSia ganTavsebuli? xom ar aris es fsevdodamakmayofilebeli?<br />
xom ar brkoldeba amiT romelime sxva moTxovnilebebis dakmayofileba,<br />
anu, xom ar aris es moZalade damakmayofilebeli? anda, vTqvaT,<br />
amerikis samxedro daxmareba Tu monawileoba. aris ki es WeSmariti damakmayofilebeli?<br />
da a.S.<br />
rasakvirvelia, SeuZlebelia yovel saWirboroto sakiTxze pasuxis gacema.<br />
es arc aris realuri. mocemuli magaliTebi mxolod im faqtis demonstrirebaa,<br />
rom maqs-nifis Teoria iZleva samuSao iaraRs, raTa amgvar rTul<br />
sakiTxebze pasuxebi moviZioT da swori gadawyvetilebebi miviRoT.<br />
adamianis sabazo moTxovnilebebis daxasiaTeba 22 .<br />
mocemuli qveTavi dawerilia konferenciaze `adamianis sabazo moTxovnilebebi<br />
da instituciuri ganviTareba saqarTveloSi~ wardgenili Tezisebis<br />
safuZvelze<br />
mkiTxvelisaTvis ufro naTeli rom gaxdes, ganvixiloT TiToeuli<br />
moTxovileba cal-calke. amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom adamianis resursebis<br />
ganviTarebis fondis mier SemuSavebul meTodologiaSi maqs-nifis<br />
mier SemoTavazebuls emateba kidev ramdenime moTxovileba, romlebic<br />
nodar sarjvelaZis mier aris gamokvleuli.<br />
1. arsebobis/gadarCenis moTxovnileba: cocxal arsebas Tavidanve gaaCnia TviTgadarCenisa<br />
da gamravlebis instinqti. amitom, es moTxovnileba yvelaze Zveli<br />
da erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia. arsebobis moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad<br />
mravali instituti da organizacia arsebobs, mis dakmayofilebas emsaxureba,<br />
aseve, zogierTi tradicia da adaT-wesi. uZveles droSi gadarCenis moTxovnileba<br />
ufro pirdapiri da `SiSveli~ saxiT kmayofildeboda. mag., adamianebi<br />
nadirobdnen, ebrZodnen erTmaneTsa da garesamyaros da a.S., magram droTa<br />
ganmavlobaSi damakmayofileblebi ganviTarda da Cvens droSi arsebobis<br />
moTxovnilebis damakmayofileblad SeiZleba CavTvaloT ekonomikuri sistemebi<br />
22 ix. gamoyenebuli literaturas sia<br />
91
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
da struqturebi, fulis arseboba, vaWroba, samedicino sfero Tavisi<br />
teqnologiebiT da mravali sxva. meore mxriv, am moTxovnilebis daukmayofilebloba<br />
an fsevdo-dakmayofileba SeiZleba zians ayenebdes TviT sazogadoebasa<br />
da adamians. amis magaliTia Cvens qveyanaSi momravlebuli danaSauli,<br />
rasac SesaZloa safuZvlad edos `ojaxis gamokvebis~ survili an aralegaluri<br />
biznesis ganviTareba, tyis unebarTvo Wra da sxva saxis ekologiuri zianis<br />
miyeneba, ramac SeiZleba savalalo Sedegamde miiyvanos buneba. amis mkafio<br />
gamoxatulebaa, aseve, korufcia.<br />
2. usafrTxoebis moTxovnileba: adamians usafrTxoebis dakmayofileba<br />
mraval sferoSi esaWiroeba. es misi funqcionirebisaTvis aucilebeli<br />
pirobaa. usafrTxoebis moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas emsaxurebian Zalovani<br />
Tu saxelmwifo struqturebi, samarTaldamcavi organoebi da sxva.<br />
Tumca, rogorc krizisul mdgomareobaSi myofi qveynisTvisaa damaxasia-<br />
Tebeli, Cvens sazogadoebas ar gaaCnia usafrTxoebis garantiebi, rasac<br />
adasturebs am moTxovnilebis damakmayofileblebis destruqciuli xasia-<br />
Ti, kriminalis zrda, korufcia sazogadoebriv Tu saxelmwifo struqturebSi<br />
da a.S. usafrTxoebis moTxovnilebis damakmayofileblad SeiZleba<br />
miviCnioT mSvidoba, magram mSvidobis miRwevisaTvis sazogadoebebi da<br />
xSirad saxelmwifoebic konfliqtsa da oms mimarTaven. Tumca, moTxovnilebis<br />
dakmayofilebis es gza mcdari da destruqciulia. igi zians<br />
ayenebs usafrTxoebas da dacvis nacvlad adamianebs msxverplad iwiravs.<br />
3. identobis moTxovnileba: adamianis pirovnuli mTlianobisaTvis, misi<br />
sijansaRisa da efeqturi TviTrealizaciisaTvis aucilebeli pirobaa<br />
identobis gancda. rogorc wesi, Cvens identobas gansazRvravs mravali<br />
aspeqti: pirovnuli, profesiuli, socialuri, roluri, genderuli,<br />
moqalaqeobrivi, erovnul-eTnikuri da sxva. Tanamedrove adamiani mraval<br />
sirTules awydeba identobasTan dakavSirebiT, gansakuTrebiT ki krizisul<br />
mdgomareobaSi myofi adamiani. magaliTad SeiZleba ganvixiloT<br />
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi devnilebis an erovnuli umciresobebis mdgomareoba.<br />
Cvens seminarebze ramdenjerme gaJRerda samcxe-javaxeli somexi<br />
monawileebis fraza: `somxeTSi Cven namdvil somxebad ar gvTvlian,<br />
saqarTveloSi ki _ qarTvelebad~. faqtobrivad, javaxeTis somexi mosaxleoba<br />
ganicdis identobasTan dakavSirebul sirTuleebs da es gansakuTrebiT<br />
yuradsaRebi xdeba, roca saqme moqalaqeobriv identobas exeba.<br />
am SemTxvevaSi advili SesaZlebelia fsevdo an destruqciul damakmayofilebels<br />
gadavawydeT. mag.: Sovinizms da nacionalizms.<br />
4. monawileobis moTxovnileba: SeiZleba iTqvas, rom monawileobis moTxovnileba<br />
Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi Zalian mniSvnelovnadaa warmodgenili<br />
da misi damakmayofileblebic yovel nabijze gvxvdeba. mosaxleoba<br />
92
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
monawileobas iRebs arCevnebSi, mosaxleoba politizebulia, rac zeWarb<br />
dakmayofilebaze miuTiTebs. aseve aRsaniSnavia mitingebi, Sexvedrebi,<br />
aqciebi da sxva RonisZiebebi. 2003 w. momxdari vardebis revoluciac monawileobisa<br />
da arsebobis moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis gamovlenaa.<br />
monawileobis dakmayofilebas emsaxureba e.w. Toq-Souebi televiziiT,<br />
interaqtivebi da sxva SesaZleblobebi, romliTac mosaxleobas eZleva<br />
Tavisi azris sajarod gamoTqmisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis proceSi<br />
monawileobis SesaZlebloba. magram, zeWarbi damakmayofileblebi Tavis-<br />
Tavad ar niSnavs imas, rom procesi efeqturad mimdinareobs. magali-<br />
TisaTvis SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes erovnuli umciresobebis arasakmarisi<br />
monawileoba qveynis sazogadoebriv-politikur cxovrebaSi.<br />
5. Semecnebis/samyaros gagebis/ganaTlebis moTxovnileba: es moTxovnileba<br />
udevs, albaT, safuZvlad kacobriobis ganviTarebas. qvis xanidan moyolebuli,<br />
adamiani eswrafis samyaros gagebas. moTxovnilebis damakmayofileblebis<br />
ganviTarebis kvalad Tanamedrove samyaroSi gaCnda uamravi<br />
institucia, romelic Semecnebisa da ganaTlebis sferos emsaxureba: TviT<br />
ganaTlebis sistema, universitetebi, skolebi, institutebi, akademiebi,<br />
mecniereba, da sxva. Cven saukuneSi, romelis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
wyaro da monapovari informaciaa, es moTxovnileba gansakuTrebul<br />
dakmayofilebas saWiroebs da TiTqos kmayofildeba kidec. CvenSi<br />
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis uamravi institucia arsebobs. maTi gansakuTrebuli<br />
simravle qveyanaSi postsabWoTa epoqis dasawyisSi SeiniSneboda,<br />
magram realobam aCvena, rom momravlebuli instituciebi sulac ver<br />
uzrunvelyofdnen Semecnebis moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas da araefeqturni<br />
iyvnen iseve, rogorc es axasiaTebs fsevdo-damakmayofileblebs.<br />
6. afilaciis anu emociur urTierTobebSi CarTulobis moTxovnileba:<br />
saqarTvelosaTvis, rogorc tradiciuli qveynisaTvis, axlo emociuri<br />
urTierTobebi uaRresad mniSvnelovania. naTesaobis, mijnurobis, megobrobis,<br />
mezoblobis institutebi CvenTan istoriulad aris Camoyalibebuli<br />
da myaria. magram, am moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebisaTvis xelis<br />
SemSleli aRmoCnda is krizisi, romelSic qveyana aRmoCnda postsabWoTa<br />
periodis Semdeg. ekonomikurma siduxWirem mravali ojaxi daanawevra da<br />
daaSora, sazRvargareT migracia (gansakuTrebiT axali Taobis) dRemde<br />
mimdinareobs. magram, unda aRiniSnos, rom zogjer afilaciis moTxovnilebis<br />
erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi instituti – ojaxi – SesaZloa destruqciul<br />
an fsevdo damakmayofilebladac iqces. tradiciuli qveynebisaTvis<br />
gayra arasasurvel socialur fenomenad iTvleba, amitom xelovnurad<br />
gamyarebuli ojaxis instituti zogjer calkeuli adamianebis<br />
identobis, usafrTxoebis, Tanabrobis, samarTlianobis, monawileobis<br />
moTxovnilebebs azaralebs.<br />
93
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
7. Semoqmedebis moTxovnileba: miuxedavad politikuri Tu ekonomikuri<br />
krizisisa, Semoqmedebis moTxovnileba saqarTveloSi mainc mniSvnelovani<br />
faqtoria da sazogadoebaSi misi dakmayofilebis potencialic sakmaod<br />
maRalia. Tumca, adamianebs xSirad uwevT arCevanis gakeTeba cxovrebiseul<br />
sirTulebTan gamklavebasa da SemoqmedebiTobas Soris. rac Seexeba damakmayofileblebs,<br />
Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi Semoqmedebis moTxovnilebis<br />
mravali damakmayofilebeli institucia arsebobs, Tumca ekonomikuri<br />
mdgomareoba maTac mniSvnelovan daRs asvams.<br />
8. Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis moTxovnileba: Tanamedrove saqar-<br />
TveloSi, sadac gadarCenisaTvis brZola ase mniSvnelovania, Tavisufali<br />
TviTrealizaciis da damoukideblobis moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebisaTvis<br />
naklebad rCeba dro da sivrce. am moTxovnilebis ganxilvisas<br />
unda dazustdes, Tu ras vgulisxmobT TavisuflebaSi da ras _ damoukideblobaSi.<br />
Tavisufali adamiani Tavis gadawyvetilebebSi, qmedebebSi,<br />
fiqrebSi, grZnobebSi da a.S. ar moiazrebs sxva adamianis arsebobas, vinc<br />
subieqtis rols Seasrulebda mis cxovelqmedebaSi. Tavisuflebis moTxovnilebas<br />
kargad xsnis TviT es sityva. adamiani, romelic `Tavisi Tavis<br />
ufalia~, ar aris damokidebuli sxvaze. rac Seexeba damoukidebel adamians,<br />
am fenomenSi meore adamianis an sociumis arseboba igulisxmeba,<br />
romlisganac unda iyo damoukidebeli. mocemul moTxovnilebaze muSaobisas<br />
mniSvnelovania am gansxvavebis gaTvaliswineba.<br />
9. rekreaciis/dasvenebis/Wvretis moTxovnileba: rekreaciis moTxovnileba<br />
iseTive fundamenturia, rogorc yvela zemoxsenebuli. dasveneba, Zalebis<br />
aRdgena, TamaSi, garToba, relaqsacia Sesabamisi infrastruqturisa da<br />
socialuri insitutebis ganviTarebas da moqmedebas gulisxmobs. saqar-<br />
Tvelos dasvenebisa da garTobis TvalsazrisiT instituciuri ganviTarebis<br />
maRali potenciali aqvs. turizmi, axalgazrduli garTobis institutebi<br />
(klubebi, barebi, kafeebi, kino-Teatrebi da sxva) am moTxovnilebis damakmayofileblebia.<br />
dasvenebis institutebi saqarTveloSi sul ufro metad<br />
mravalferovani da aqtiuri xdeba, Tumca maT jer kidev ara aqvT<br />
srulyofili saxe. rac Seexeba regionebs, dasvenebis moTxovnileba aq<br />
naklebad kmayofildeba, rac, albaT, ekonomikuri pirobebiT aris gansazRvruli.<br />
10. transcendirebis moTxovnileba: es moTxovnileba, ise rogorc ori<br />
Semdgomi, maqs-nifis TeoriaSi aRwerili ar aris, Tumca isini safuZvlianadaa<br />
Seswavlili n. sarjvelaZis mier da, Sesabamisad, avsebs fundamentur<br />
moTxovnilebaTa klasifikacias. adamianis sabazo moTxovnilebaa,<br />
gascdes xiluli samyaros sazRvrebs, eziaros fundamentur religiur<br />
WeSmaritebebs, swamdes da SeuerTdes maradiulobas, daZlios sicocxlis<br />
94
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
sasruloba. saqarTvelo, ZiriTadad, marTlmadidebeli qveyanaa, Tumca, aq<br />
mravali sxva konfesia Tanaarsebobs. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxva religiebis<br />
warmomadgenlebis rwmenis moTxovnileba ar iqneba dakmayofilebuli,<br />
qveyanaSi Seiqmneba religiuri konfliqtebis saSiSroeba. transcendirebis<br />
moTxovnilebis damakmayofileblebSi SeiZleba ganvixiloT ara mxolod<br />
religia, aramed okultizmic, e.w. mkiTxaoba, momavlis Wvreta da sxva.<br />
11. samarTlianobisa da Tanabrobis moTxovnileba: Tanamedrove samyaroSi<br />
samarTlianoba da Tanabroba Zvirad fasobs. es moTxovnileba kacobriobis<br />
CanasaxSive Camoyalibda da viTardeba sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifoebriobis<br />
ganviTarebis kvalad. mis dakmayofilebas emsaxureba kanonSemoqmedi<br />
struqturebi da institutebi, Tumca, am moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba Cvens<br />
sinamdvileSi kriziss ganicdis. garda saxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdeblobisa,<br />
saqarTveloSi arsebobs alternatiuli samarTalic, mag.: e.w. `qurduli<br />
kanonebi~, romelic destruqciuli damakmayofilebelia. aseve, arsebobs<br />
saukuneebis manZilze ganmtkicebuli adaT-wesebi da tradiciebi, romlebic<br />
qmnian eTikurobis, moralurobisa da kanonierebis vels sazogadoebisaTvis.<br />
12. liderobisa da Zalauflebis moTxovnileba: mas Semdeg, rac kacobriobam<br />
sazogadoebis modeli Seqmna da adamianTa pirveli erToba Camoyalibda,<br />
Zalauflebisa da liderobis moTxovnileba iqca erT-erT<br />
fundamentur moTxovnilebad; Tumca gavlenis sferos gafarToeba,<br />
ierarqiuloba, <strong>marTva</strong> damaxasiaTebelia ara mxolod adamianisTvis, aramed<br />
sxva cocxali organizmebisTvisac. Tanamedrove ganviTarebul samyaroSi<br />
ki Zalauflebis moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba erT-erTi wamyvani Rirebuleba<br />
gaxda, rac dRevandel msoflioSi mimdinare procesebzec mkafiod<br />
aisaxeba. saqarTveloSic mkafiodaa warmodgenili liderobis da Zalauflebis<br />
idea, Tumca xSirad am sityvebs uaryofiTi datvirTva eniWeba.<br />
es, albaT, swored am moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis destruqciuli<br />
gzebis gabatonebam ganapiroba.<br />
dasasrul, unda aRiniSnos, rom CamoTvlil moTxovnilebebs Soris ar<br />
arsebobs ierarqiis principi. Yyvela moTxovnileba fundamenturia da<br />
Tavisi adgili aqvs, mas sxva ver Caanacvlebs. es 12 moTxovnileba erTmaneTTan<br />
mWidro kavSirSia da Tu isini konstruqciulad da sworad kmayofildeba,<br />
erTmaneTis dakmayofilebasac uwyoben xels.<br />
savarjiSo `saWiroebaTa kvleva da<br />
proeqtTa ideebis bankis Seqmna~<br />
mizani: samuSao Sexvedris mocemuli nawilis mizania, monawileebma ganaxorcielon<br />
erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobaTa TvalsazrisiT regionSi<br />
arsebuli saWiroebebis gamovlena, analizi da kvleva. miRebuli Sede-<br />
95
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
gebis mixedviT moxdeba generireba saproeqto ideebisa, romlebic mimarTuli<br />
iqneba adgilobrivi Temis, regionis da qveynis mosaxleobis<br />
saWiroebaTa dakmayofilebaze. savarjiSo mizanad isaxavs, agreTve,<br />
monawileTa samoqalaqo aqtivobis stimulirebas da problemaTa<br />
gadaWris precedentis Seqmnas.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 2 saaTi.<br />
masala:<br />
• moTxovnilebaTa matricis asli TiToeuli monawilisaTvis (ix. qvemoT);<br />
• moTxovnilebaTa matricis gadidebuli versia didi formatiT<br />
(SesaZloa `flifCartze~);<br />
• kalmebi, bloknotebi, `flifCartebi~<br />
• monawileTaTvis dasarigebeli masala `adamianis sabazo moTxovnilebebis<br />
daxasiaTeba~<br />
sabazo moTxovnilebebisa da misi damakmayofileblebis matrica<br />
moTxovnilebebi<br />
arseboba, gadarCena<br />
usafrTxoeba<br />
identoba<br />
gageba, Semecneba, ganaTleba<br />
monawileobis miReba<br />
damoukidebloba da Tavisufleba<br />
lideroba da Zalaufleba<br />
SemoqmedebiToba<br />
suliereba (transcendireba)<br />
emociur urTierTobebSi<br />
CarTuloba (afilacia)<br />
Zalebis aRdgena,<br />
dasveneba (rekreacia)<br />
Tanasworoba, samarTlianoba<br />
ras unda<br />
vflobdeT/ra<br />
unda gvqondes<br />
ra unda gavakeToT<br />
saamisod<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. sesiis wamyvani Zalian mokled exeba meTodologiis warmo-<br />
Sobisa da ganviTarebis istorias, misi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebs.<br />
igi waradgens moTxovnilebaTa matricas da xsnis, Tu rogor unda<br />
imuSavon jgufis wevrebma saWiroebebis kvlevasa da ideebis generirebaze.<br />
wamyvani, aseve, ganumartavs monawileebs, Tu ras gulisxmobs<br />
TiToeuli moTxovnileba; axsenebs monawileebs, rom ideebi,<br />
96
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
romlebic Camoyalibdeba muSaobis procesSi, iseve, rogorc saWiroebebi<br />
da problemebi, unda Seesabamebodes seminaris ZiriTad Temas<br />
(Cvens SemTxvevaSi - erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobebs).<br />
safexuri II. monawileebi `gonebrivi ieriSis~ an mcire jgufSi muSaobis<br />
Sedegad Seecdebian gamoavlinon sakuTar TemSi, regionSi an qveyanaSi<br />
arsebuli problemebi TiToeuli moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT. es matricis pirvel svetze muSaobaa. magaliTisaTvis,<br />
SegiZliaT Semdegi kiTxva dasvaT: `usafrTxoebis<br />
moTxovnilebasTan dakavSirebuli ra konkretuli problemebi arsebobs<br />
Tqvens regionSi <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> sferoSi?`<br />
safexuri III. iwyeba muSaoba meore grafaze: `ra unda gvqondes regionSi,<br />
ras unda vflobdeT, raTa dakmayofildes mocemuli moTxovnileba?~.<br />
msgavsi kiTxva unda daisvas TiToeuli moTxovnilebis<br />
Sesaxeb da amgvarad Seivsos matricis meore vertikaluri sveti.<br />
Sedegad, gamoikveTeba problemuri situaciis gadasaWreli rogorc<br />
instituciuri saWiroebebi, aseve materialuri da adamianuri resursebi.<br />
safexuri IV. monawileebi gadadian ukanaskneli grafis Sevsebaze: `ra<br />
unda vakeToT imisaTvis, raTa gvqondes is, rac saWiroa sabazo<br />
moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad, rac gamoikveTa muSaobis mesame<br />
safexurze~. muSaobis procesSi wamyvanma unda sTxovos monawileebs,<br />
warmoadginon ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT realisturi<br />
proeqtebis ideebi, romelTa savaraudo Semsruleblebi TviT monawileebic<br />
SeiZleba gaxdnen. mocemuli safexuri emsaxureba matricis<br />
bolo svetis Sevsebas, Sedegad, miviRebT konkretul ideebs<br />
imis Taobaze, Tu ra unda gakeTdes gamokveTili problemebis<br />
gadasaWrelad.<br />
savarjiSos ganxorcielebis alternatiuli varianti 1<br />
wamyvani jgufs yofs mcire jgufebad (TiToeulSi aranakleb 3 adamianisa)<br />
da anawilebs moTxovnilebebs, romelTa raodenobac unda ganisaz-<br />
Rvros jgufebis raodenobis kvalobaze. TiToeuls muSaoba mouwevs 3-<br />
4 an met moTxovnilebaze. samuSaos bolos mcire jgufebi SemuSavebul<br />
proeqtTa ideebs warudgenen did jgufs.<br />
savarjiSos ganxorcielebis alternatiuli varianti 2<br />
jgufi Tanmimdevrulad, erToblivad muSaobs TiToeul moTxovnilebaze.<br />
wamyvans procesi mihyavs `gonebrivi ieriSis~ principiT. bolos jamdeba<br />
Sedegebi da irCeva realisturi ideebi.<br />
savarjiSos ganxorcielebis alternatiuli varianti 3<br />
moTxovnilebebze muSaoba SeiZleba mimdinareobdes did jgufebSic. mag., Tu<br />
97
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
samuSao SexvedrSi monawileobs 3 jgufad dayofili 100 adamiani, samuSao<br />
masalac daiyofa samad (sul 12 moTxovnilebaa) da TiToeuli jgufi<br />
imuSavebs 4 moTxovnilebaze. didi jgufebis SigniT SeiZleba Camoyalibdes<br />
mcire jgufebi, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, kidev erTxel gadainawileben<br />
moTxovnilebebs. aseTi midgoma gamarTlebulia drois ekonomiiT.<br />
sabolood, yvela jgufi namuSevars waradgens gaerTianebul<br />
sxdomaze.<br />
safexuri V. mas Semdeg, rac monawileebi Seagroveben saproeqto ideebs,<br />
romelTa mizania maT sacxovrebel adgilas an mTlianad qveyanaSi<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis sferoSi pozitiuri cvlilebebis<br />
ganxorcieleba, iwyeba wamyvanis samuSao. wamyvani xvews gonebrivi<br />
ieriSis an jgufuri muSaobis dros gamokveTil ideebs ise, rom maT<br />
mieces realuri saproeqto ideis forma, Tanac ar daikargos masSi<br />
avtorTa mier nagulisxmebi azri. realisturi saproeqto ideebisagan<br />
dgeba e.w. `ideaTa banki~, romelic egzavneba yvela monawiles.<br />
`bankis~ wardgena SeiZleba im struqturebisa da instituciebis winaSe,<br />
romlebic mowodebuli arian daakmayofilon aRniSnuli sabazo<br />
moTxovnilebebi. amiT jgufis namuSevari SeiZens mniSvnelobas<br />
ara mxolod monawileTaTvis, aramed sxva dainteresebuli subieqtebisaTvis.<br />
proeqtis `<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierToebebis <strong>marTva</strong><br />
samcxe-javaxeTSi, 2006~ farglebSi ukve ganxorcielda ramdenime<br />
idea monawileTa mier Seqmnili `saproeqto ideebis bankidan~ (ix.<br />
danarTi `proeqtebis ideebis banki`).<br />
magaliTi Cveni gamocdilebidan<br />
matrica Sevsebul iqna proeqtis `<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong> samcxe-javaxeTis<br />
regionSi, 2006`-is farglebSi adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis<br />
fondis mier Catarebul seminarze qarTveli da somexi sajaro moxeleebis<br />
monawileobiT. matricaSi Sesulia mxolod TiTo saproeqto ideis varianti,<br />
Tumca muSaobis procesSi maTi raodenoba ar aris SezRuduli. piriqiT,<br />
ideebis maqsimaluri raodenobis warmodgena waxalisdeba.<br />
98
moTxovnilebebi ras unda<br />
vflobdeT/ra<br />
arseboba,<br />
gadarCena<br />
unda gvqondes<br />
vaWroba, soflis<br />
meurneoba<br />
usafrTxoeba adamianis<br />
uflebebis<br />
garantirebuli<br />
dacva<br />
identoba tradiciebi,<br />
istoria, ena<br />
gageba,<br />
Semecneba,<br />
ganaTleba<br />
monawileobis<br />
miReba<br />
damoukidebloba da<br />
Tavisufleba<br />
treningebi,<br />
wignebi,<br />
bukletebi<br />
TviTmmarTveloba,informirebuloba<br />
adgilobrivi<br />
marTvelobis<br />
kanonmdeblobis<br />
daxvewa.<br />
samarTlebrivi<br />
daculobis<br />
garantiebi<br />
Tavisufali gza<br />
liderobisaken<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
ra unda<br />
gavakeToT<br />
amisaTvis<br />
mcire biznesis ganviTareba rZis warmoebis<br />
sferoSi (nedli rZisa da rZis nawarmis<br />
warmoeba); erToblivi raionTaSorisi<br />
sawarmoebi, fermeruli asociaciebi;<br />
mosaxleobis informireba adamianis<br />
uflebebze masmediis meSveobiT; samoqalaqo<br />
sazogadoebis ganmaviTarebeli<br />
treningebi<br />
sainformacio-SemecnebiTi gadacemebi<br />
sxvadasxva eTnosebis tradiciebisa da<br />
Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb qarTul da<br />
somxur enebze.<br />
treningebi da sainformacio bukletebi<br />
tolerantobaze mozardebisa da axalgazrdebisaTvis<br />
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sexvedrebi<br />
Sereul qarTul-somxur jgufeb-<br />
Tan.<br />
treningebi<br />
Tavisuflebasa da Riaobaze<br />
lideroba da<br />
treningebi liderobaze qarTveli da<br />
Zalaufleba<br />
somexi qalebisaTvis<br />
SemoqmedebiToba konkursebi, istoriuli Zeglebis<br />
fotoebi<br />
foto-konkursi<br />
suliereba<br />
dialogi mrgvali magidebi sxvadasxva<br />
(transcendireba)<br />
konfesiis warmomadgenelTaTvis<br />
emociur urTier- Sexvedris<br />
TobebSi CarTuloba klubebi<br />
(afilacia)<br />
wyvilebisaTvis<br />
Zalebis aRdgena, turizmi turistuli centris da saeqskursio<br />
dasveneba<br />
tranzituli<br />
(rekreacia)<br />
marSrutebis Seqmna<br />
Tanasworoba, kanonmdebloba, diskriminaciis SemTxvevebis<br />
samarTlianoba tolerantoba gamosavleni jgufebis Seqmna<br />
savarjiSo “SMART-is principebi`<br />
mizani: monawileebma gaacnobieron, Tu ra principebiT unda ixelmZRvanelon<br />
proeqtis Sedgenisas.<br />
99
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
xangrZlivoba: 15 wuTi<br />
masala: `flifCarti~, `markerebi`<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. monawileebs vuxsniT `smartis~, rogorc proeqtis efeqturobis<br />
ganmsazRvrel principebs:<br />
S (“specific”) - specifikuri (unda exebodes konkretul sferos, da<br />
hqondes konkretuli amocana);<br />
M (“measurable”) – gazomvadi/Sefasebadi (SesaZlebeli unda iyos miRweuli<br />
efeqtis gazomva da Sefaseba);<br />
A (“attainable/ achievable”) - miRwevadi (dasaxuli qmedebebiT unda miiRweodes<br />
amocana, efeqti);<br />
R (“realistic”) - realisturi (realisturi unda iyos dasaxuli miznis,<br />
amocanis gadaWra);<br />
T (“time-bounded”) - droSi gawerili (proeqtis Sesasruleblad ganisazRvros<br />
dro; daxarjuli dro unda Seesatyvisebodes efeqtis<br />
misaRwev vadebs).<br />
savarjiSo `SWOT-is principebi`<br />
mizani: jgufma gaacnobieros da gansazRvros Tavisi samomavlo saqmianobis<br />
perspeqtiva.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 40wT – 1 sT.<br />
masala: `flifCarti~, `markerebi~.<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. avuxsnaT monawileebs SWOT-is principebi<br />
S (“Strength”) - Zlieri mxareebi (maTi, rogorc gundis, organizaciis);<br />
W (“weakness”) - susti mxareebi (maTi, rogorc gundis, organizaciis);<br />
O (“Opportunities”) - SesaZleblobebi (romelic arsebobs garemoSi);<br />
T (“Threates/Troubles”) - dabrkolebebi (romelic arsebobs garemoSi).<br />
safexuri II. plenarul sxdomaze sTxoveT monawileebs TiToeuli punqtis<br />
mixedviT Camoayalibon TavianTi, rogorc gundis an jgufis Zlieri<br />
Tu susti mxareebi; aseve, daasaxelon is SesaZleblobebi da dabrkolebebi,<br />
romlebic arsebobs garemomcvel sinamdvileSi eTnos-<br />
TaSorisi <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> regulaciis saqmeSi wvlilis Sesatanad.<br />
safexuri III. gonebrivi ieriSis Sedegad miRebuli Sexedulebebis safuZvelze<br />
warmarTeT diskusia Temaze: `ra wvlilis Setana SeuZlia Cvens<br />
jgufs eTnosTaSorisi <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> regulirebis sferoSi~.<br />
100
proeqtebis ideaTa banki<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
danarTi<br />
Seiqmna 2005 wels proeqtis `<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
samcxe-javaxeTSi~ farglebSi regionis sajaro moxeleebis mier<br />
I. ekonomikuri proeqtebi<br />
• samcxe-javaxeTis produqtebis gamofenis organizeba Expo-Georgia-s<br />
sagamofeno darbazSi, TbilisSi<br />
• Tbilissa da saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebSi samcxe-javaxuri produqciis<br />
realizaciis marketinguli kvleva<br />
• mcire biznesis ganviTareba rZis warmoebis sferoSi: nedli rZe, rZis<br />
nawarmi – yveli da sxva. erToblivi raionTaSorisi sawarmoebi, fermeruli<br />
asociaciebi<br />
• mcire biznesis ganviTareba mefutkreobis sferoSi. mefutkreTa<br />
raionTaSorisi qselebi da asociaciebi<br />
• mcire biznesis ganviTareba samkurnalo balaxebis sferoSi. raion-<br />
TaSorisi qselebi da asociaciebi<br />
• mcire biznesis ganviTareba mineraluri da sasmeli wylis sferoSi<br />
• mcire biznesis ganviTareba TevzWeris sferoSi<br />
• samcxe-javaxeTis<br />
bankis Seqmna<br />
ekonomikuri resursebis Sesaxeb sainformacio<br />
• regionis biznesmenTa forumi<br />
• regionis produqtebisa da saqonlis mimRebi punqtebis Seqmna<br />
• fondebis moZiebis swavleba<br />
• raionTaSorisi ekonomikuri <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> centris Seqmna<br />
• internet gverdis Seqmna – samcxe-javaxuri `saqonlis birJa`<br />
II. proeqtebi usafrTxoebaze<br />
• treningi eTnosTaSoris tolerantobaze oficrebisa da axaldaniSnuli<br />
CinosnebisaTvis<br />
• armiaSi eTnosTaSorisi <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> monitoringis/zedamxedvelobis<br />
jgufi<br />
• saxelmwifo da sazogado organizaciis Seqmna, romelic xels Seuwyobs<br />
eTno-religiuri konfliqtebis mogvarebas<br />
• mosaxleobis informireba adamianis uflebebze mas-mediis meSveobiT<br />
• samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganmaviTarebeli treningebi<br />
• sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufebisa da konfesiebis warmomadgenelTa Sexvedrebis<br />
organizeba mrgval magidasTan<br />
101
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
• konfliqtur situaciebze swrafi reagirebis jgufis Seqmna<br />
• intereTnikuri urTierTobis marTvis treningebi policiis TanamSromlebTan<br />
III. identobasTan dakavSirebuli proeqtebi<br />
• bavSvTa da mozardTa erToblivi Sexvedrebi (banakebi, sakvirao skolebi,<br />
treningebi da swavlebis alternatiuli meTodebi, gasarTobi<br />
programebi)<br />
• erToblivi raionTaSorisi eqskursiebi regionis RirSesaniSnav adgilebSi<br />
• qarTul-somxuri samzareulos kvireuli<br />
• sainformacio-SemecnebiTi gadacemebi sxvadasxva eTnosebis tra-<br />
•<br />
diciebisa da Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb qarTul da somxur enebze<br />
qarTul-somxuri <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> centris Seqmna<br />
• regionis nakrebi gundebis Seqmnis xelSewyoba sportis sxvadasxva<br />
saxeobebSi: mag., ragbi, fexburTi<br />
• treningebi da seminarebi identobis problemebze<br />
• eTnosTa tradiciebisa da kulturis gacnobis mizniT erToblivi<br />
raionTaSorisi kulturuli RonisZiebebis organizeba<br />
• saxelmwifo moxeleTa informireba SesaZlo konkursebis, vakansiebis,<br />
tenderebis Sesaxeb da monitoringis jgufis Seqmna saxelmwifo<br />
Tanamdebobebze daniSvnaTa gasakontroleblad<br />
• kulturuli centrebi eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis<br />
IV. proeqtebi regionis mosaxleobis monawileobis xarisxis amaRlebaze<br />
• mosaxleobis sainformacio uzrunvelyofa arCevnebSi, referendumebSi,<br />
mitingebSi da a.S. monawileobis Sesaxeb<br />
• orenovani qarTul-somxuri gazeTis SeqmnaSi erToblivi monawileobis<br />
miReba<br />
• saxelmwifo enis Seswavlis gaumjobesebuli meTodebis danergva<br />
• saxelmwifo marTvis adgilobriv da centralur organoebSi erovnuli<br />
umciresobebis warmomadgenelTa mxardaWera<br />
• erToblivi bazrobebis organizebaSi monawileobis miReba<br />
• koncertebisa da festivalebis organizeba regionul doneze<br />
• axalgazrduli ekologiuri moZraoba<br />
• swavleba TviTmmarTvelobisa da decentralizaciis sakiTxebze<br />
• erovnuli dResaswaulebis aRmniSvneli kalendrebis gamoSveba<br />
• treningebi arCevnebSi qalTa CarTvisaTvis<br />
• qalTa inter-eTnikuri klubebis Seqmna<br />
102
• axalgazrduli inter-eTnikuri klubebis Seqmna<br />
• saswavlo gacvliTi programebi regionul doneze<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
• adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sexvedrebi mosaxleobis Sereul<br />
qarTul-somxur jgufebTan<br />
• Sereuli eTnikuri jgufebisaTvis mrgvali magidis organizeba<br />
sxvadasxva raionSi – borjomSi, axalcixeSi, axalqalaqSi, ninowmindaSi,<br />
aspinZasa da adigenSi monacvleobiT<br />
V. proeqtebi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb<br />
• treningebi inter-eTnikur urTierTobebSi<br />
• samcxe-javaxeTis raionuli centrebsa da soflebSi internet klubebis<br />
Seqmna<br />
• wigni samcxe-javaxeTis sxvadasxva eTnosebis Sesaxeb adgilobrivi<br />
mosaxleobisa da ucxoelebisaTvis<br />
• treningebi da saswavlo kursebi ufrosklaselebisa da studentebisaTvis<br />
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi<br />
• saswavlo/sawvrTneli centris Seqmna<br />
• sainformacio bukletebi inter-eTnikur urTierTobebze<br />
• treningebi da sainformacio bukletebi tolerantobaze mozardebisa<br />
da axalgazrdebisaTvis<br />
• masmediis qselis gafarToeba regionul doneze<br />
• inteleqtualuri TamaSi `ra, sad, rodis~ Sereul qarTul-somxur<br />
jgufebSi<br />
• axalgazrduli SemecnebiTi klubebi, sakvirao skolebi<br />
• satelevizio Sou23 regionis warmomadgenlebis monawileobiT<br />
• SemecnebiTi olimpiadebi regionul doneze<br />
• debatebis klubi<br />
VI. proeqtebi liderobaze<br />
• treningebi liderobaze qarTveli da somexi qalebisaTvis<br />
• mmarTvelTa skolis Seqmna<br />
• ganaTleba adamianuri resursebis <strong>marTva</strong>Si<br />
• axalgazrda liderebis skolis Seqmna. raionTaSorisi mcire masStabis<br />
konferenciebi da erToblivi seminarebi axalgazrda liderTaTvis<br />
23 ingl. talk show<br />
103
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
VII. proeqtebi sarekreacio samsaxurebis Seqmnaze<br />
• sportuli moednebis mowyoba da raionTaSorisi Sejibrebebi<br />
• Zveli sabavSvo dasasvenebeli banakebis aRdgena<br />
• turistuli centris da saeqskursio tranzituli marSrutebis Seqmna<br />
• Zeglebis aRdgena da am saqmianobaSi turistebis CarTva<br />
• festivali da Sejibri sportis nacionalur saxeobebSi<br />
• turistuli bazebisa da istoriuli Zeglebis katalogis Seqmna internet<br />
gverdze<br />
• turistuli eqskursiebi da turistuli rukebis Seqmna rogorc<br />
adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis, aseve ucxoelebisaTvis<br />
VIII. proeqtebi SemoqmedebiTobis ganviTarebaze<br />
• Sereuli qarTul-somxuri folkloruli ansamblebis Seqmnis xelSewyoba<br />
• istoriuli Zeglebis foto-konkursi<br />
• folkloruli cekvebisa da simRerebis viqtorinebis organizeba<br />
• xalxuri Semoqmedebis produqtebis gamofena-gayidva<br />
• samcxe-javaxuri kulturis dReebi, festivalebi da tele-xidebi<br />
• konkursebi, talantebis gamovlena<br />
• SemoqmedebiTi Tvisebebis ganmaviTarebeli treningebi<br />
IX. proeqtebi sulieri ganviTarebisa da religiis sferoSi<br />
• mrgvali magidebi sxvadasxva konfesiis warmomadgenelTaTvis<br />
X. proeqtebi Tavisuflebasa da damoukideblobaze<br />
• samoqalaqo ganaTlebis ganviTareba<br />
• seminarebi eTnikur umciresobaTa uflebebis Sesaxeb ufrosklasel-<br />
Ta da studentebisaTvis<br />
• diskriminaciis SemTxvevebis gamosavleni jgufebis Seqmna<br />
104
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
Tavi III. erovnebTaSorisi urTierTobis eTikuri kodeqsis<br />
Seqmnaze mimarTuli samuSao Sexvedris moduli<br />
Sesabamisi samuSao Sexvedris sqema<br />
mizani: <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis eTikuri kodeqsis SemuSaveba.<br />
xangrZlivoba: 3 saaTi.<br />
masala:<br />
• `flifCartebi~ da `markerebi~, mcire jgufebSi samuSao A4 formatis<br />
furclebi;<br />
• `flifCartze~ mocemuli gregori beiTsonis sqema 24 :<br />
rogorc meTodologiis aRweraSi aRvniSneT, <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTier-<br />
Tobis kodeqsis SeqmnisaTvis gamiznuli samuSao eyrdnoba gregori beiTsonis<br />
`adamiani-garemos~ sistemis logikuri doneebis meTodologiur sqemas, romelic<br />
Cvens SemTxvevaSi Semdeg logikur doneebs, safexurebs moicavs:<br />
mimdinareoba:<br />
safexuri I. monawileTa didi jgufi iyofa mcire, 12 - 15 kacian<br />
jgufebad. mag., Tu SexvedraSi 60 adamiani monawileobs, Sesabamisad,<br />
isini SesaZloa davyoT 4 an 5 mcire jgufad. mniSvne-<br />
24 ix. gamoyenebuli literaturis sia<br />
105
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
lovania, TiToeuli jgufi dabalansebuli iyos eTnikuri niSniT,<br />
anu masSi daaxloebiT erTnairi raodenobis sxvadasxva eTnosis<br />
warmomadgenlebi movaxvedroT. aseve, mniSvnelovania, jgufebi iyos<br />
mravalferovani monawileTa profesiul-Tanamdebobrivi TvalsazrisiT<br />
(mag., erT jgufSi iyos adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis rogorc<br />
daniSnuli, ise arCeuli warmomadgenlebi, aseve policiis,<br />
skolis, jandacvis sistemis da sxv. warmomadgenlebi).<br />
safexuri II. muSaobis dasawyisSi wamyvanebi wamoiwyeben diskusias Temaze<br />
`ra gansxvavebaa samarTlebriv da eTikur normebs Soris~, raTa<br />
monawileebma gaacnobieron eTikuri kodeqsis konceptualuri<br />
CarCo. marTuli diskusiis xangrZlivoba ar unda aWarbebdes 15 - 20<br />
wuTs.<br />
safexuri III. Semdgom, jgufisaTvis beiTsonis sqemis arsis, TiToeuli<br />
logikuri donis specifikisa da mniSvnelobis axsna xdeba. amis<br />
safuZvelze, TiToeul doneze eTikuri normebis SesamuSaveblad,<br />
Sesabamisi kiTxvebis formulireba xdeba. es procedura ar unda<br />
gagrZeldes 20 - 25 wT-ze met xans. yuradReba unda gamaxvildes<br />
Semdeg sakiTxebze:<br />
1. nebismieri adamiani an adamianTa jgufi arsebobs garkveul fizikur da<br />
istoriul garemoSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT, am logikur doneze eTikuri<br />
normebis Camosayalibeblad SeiZleba daisvas Semdegi kiTxvebi:<br />
- ra unda gaakeTon sxvadasxva eTnosis warmomadgenlebma TavianTi<br />
saerTo sacxovrebeli garemos ekologiis dacvisa da ganviTarebisaTvis?<br />
- ra unda gaakeTon maT sakuTari kulturul-istoriuli garemos dacvisa<br />
da ganviTarebisaTvis?<br />
2. adamianis Tu adamianTa jgufebis an sazogadoebis arsebobis universaluri<br />
forma aris esa Tu is qceva. maSinac ki, rodesac adamiani pasiuria,<br />
igi garkveuli modelis mixedviT iqceva. Tu eTnosTa doneze<br />
visaubrebT, maTTvis tipiuri eTnikur tradiciebze dafuZnebuli qcevebia.<br />
amdenad, am doneze SekiTxvebi SesaZloa tradiciebs exebodes:<br />
- rogori damokidebuleba unda hqondeT eTnosebs erTmaneTis tradiciebis<br />
mimarT?<br />
- ra unda gaakeTon maT, rom erTmaneTis tradiciebis codnas, realizacias,<br />
SenarCunebas, ganviTarebas da resursebad qcevas Seuwyon<br />
xeli?<br />
garda amisa, `qcevis doneze~ mimarTuli SekiTxvebi SesaZloa exebodes<br />
erTmaneTis mimarT qcevis strategias. am SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa Semdegi<br />
kiTxvebis dasma:<br />
- rogor unda eqceodnen eTnosebi erTmaneTs, rom regionSi gaumjobesdes<br />
intereTnikuri klimati? es SekiTxva SesaZloa dakonkret-<br />
106
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
des sxvadasxva konteqstSi. mag.: rogor unda eqceodnen erTmaneTs<br />
konfliqtur situaciebSi? integraciis xelSewyobisaTvis? da a.S.<br />
3. imisaTvis, rom ama Tu im garemoSi esa Tu is adamiani, adamianTa jgufi,<br />
Temi an sazogadoeba ase Tu ise moiqces, mas unda hqondes saTanado<br />
qcevebis unari, SesaZloa amas Cveva vuwodoT; qcevas SesaZloa dasWirdes,<br />
agreTve, esa Tu is resursi. aqedan gamomdinare, unar-CvevaTa da resursebis<br />
logikur doneze SesaZlebelia daisvas Semdegi SekiTxvebi:<br />
- ra unda gaakeTon eTnosebma erTmaneTis resursebis gamovlenisa da<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis?<br />
- ra unda gaakeTon maT erTmaneTisaTvis sabazo moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis<br />
SesaZleblobebis da pirobebis Sesaqmnelad?<br />
4. adamianis an adamianTa jgufis esa Tu is qceva, romelic konkretul<br />
garemoSi, konkretuli SesaZleblobebis, unarebisa da resursebis gamoyenebiT<br />
xorcieldeba, Cveulebriv, efuZneba ama Tu im faseulobas. qcevas<br />
zneobriv aspeqts swored faseulobebi aniWebs. amdenad, am logikuri<br />
donis Sesabamisad, SesaZlebelia daisvas Semdegi SekiTxvebi:<br />
- ra faseulobebiT unda xelmZRvanelobdnen eTnosebi urTierTobisas?<br />
- romelia is faseulobebi, romlebic maT aaxlovebT da xazs usvams<br />
msgavsebas?<br />
5. qcevis, unar-Cvevebis, faseulobebis miRma adamianis\adamianTa jgufis<br />
identoba (sakuTari Tavis igiveobis gancda) dgas. igi adamianis\adamianTa<br />
jgufis, rogorc logikuri sistemis sakvanZo dones qmnis: identoba<br />
aZlevs gezs faseulobebs, SesaZleblobebs, resursebs da ganxorcielebad<br />
qcevas. am doneze SesaZloa Semdegi SekiTxva davsvaT:<br />
- ra unda gaakeTon eTnosebma erTmaneTis identobis SenarCunebisa da<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis?<br />
6. identoba adamianis\adamianTa jgufis, rogorc sistemis, umaRlesi<br />
logikuri donea. amdenad, mis miRma ukve gare socialuri da geo-politikuri<br />
sinamdvilis doneebi iwyeba. Cveni muSaobis specifikidan gamomdinare,<br />
maTSi SesaZloa gamovyoT regioni da am doneze Semdegi SekiTxvebi<br />
davsvaT:<br />
- ra unda gaakeTos qveynis regionSi mcxovrebma sxvadasxva eTnosma<br />
harmoniuli TanacxovrebisaTvis,<br />
a. raTa iq cxovrebis xarisxi gaumjobesdes?<br />
b. raTa regionma mniSvnelovani roli Seasrulos qveynis cxovrebaSi?<br />
107
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
7. regionis Semdgom logikur doned, Cvens SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa qveyana<br />
ganvixiloT. aq Semdegi SekiTxvebi SeiZleba daisvas:<br />
- ra unda gaakeTon eTnosebma, raTa qveynis gaZliereba-ganviTarebas<br />
Seuwyon xeli?<br />
8. sasargebloa regionis intereTnikuri problemebi ganvixiloT kacobriobasTan<br />
mimarTebaSi; amdenad, daskvniTi logikuri done Cvens Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi, SesaZloa, kacobrioba iyos, SekiTxvebi ki ase JRerdes:<br />
- ra unda gaakeTon Cvens qveyanaSi mcxovrebma eTnosebma, rom kacobriobis<br />
intereTnikuri problemebis gadawyvetaSi TavianTi wvlili<br />
Seitanon?<br />
- amave dros, ra unda gaakeTon maT, raTa gamoiyenon kacobriobis mier<br />
dagrovili intereTnikuri Tanacxovrebis pozitiuri gamocdileba?<br />
safexuri IV. <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> kodeqsze mcire jgufebSi<br />
muSaobisas ganxilvis sagani unda iyos sistema `adamiani -<br />
garemo`-s TiToeul zemoT aRweril doneze eronebaTaSorisi ur-<br />
TierTobebis sasurveli, konstruqciuli wesebi da normebi. amisa-<br />
Tvis, TiToeuli jgufi Tavis mxriv iyofa 4-5 kacian mcire<br />
jgufebad. isini msjeloben aRwerili 8 donidan 2-3-is Sesaxeb<br />
(logikuri doneebi ganawildeba monawileTa da mcire jgufebis<br />
raodenobis mixedviT). msjelobisaTvis efeqturi da droSi ekonomiuri<br />
teqonologia aqac kvlav `gonebrivi ieriSia~.<br />
safexuri V. gonebrivi ieriSis Sedegad miRebuli masalis ganxilva unda<br />
moxdes plenarul sxdomaze, sadac, faqtobrivad, miRebuli Sedegebis<br />
`dawreta~ da jerarsis principiT dalageba iwyeba.<br />
amgvarad, aRwerili samuSao Sexvedra, faqtobrivad, <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong><br />
<strong>urTierTobebis</strong> eTikur kodeqsze muSaobis sawyisi stadiaa; kodeqsis<br />
daxvewaze muSaoba grZeldeba am Sexvedris Semdgom, wamyvan-fasilitatorTa<br />
da Sesabamis eqspertTa monawileobiT. am muSaobis damasrulebeli<br />
etapia kodeqsis SemqmnelTa da sazogadoebis mier kodeqsis sajaro<br />
ganxilva da xelmowera.<br />
108
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis<br />
eTikuri kodeqsi samcxe-javaxeTis regionSi<br />
kodeqsis miznebi da amocanebi<br />
danarTi!!<br />
saqarTvelo mravaleTnikuri qveyanaa. Cveni saxelmwifoebriobis, demokratiuli<br />
procesebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTareba mniSvnelovanwilad<br />
aris damokidebuli iseTi faseulobebisa da principebis<br />
danergva-ganviTarebaze, rogoricaa: eTnikuri mravalferovnebis dafaseba,<br />
tolerantoba da Tanasworoba, mSvidobismoyvareoba da konfliqturi<br />
situaciebis konstruqciuli gadawyvetis moZieba.<br />
eTnikuri mravalferovnebis xarisxiT samcxe-javaxeTis regioni SeiZleba<br />
ganvixiloT rogorc erTgvari magaliTi, romelic SedarebiT mcire<br />
masStabiT asaxavs mTlianad saqarTvelos eTnikur mravalferovnebas.<br />
samcxe-javaxeTis regionis javaxeTis raionebSi mosaxleobis umravlesobas<br />
eTnikuri somxebi warmoadgenen, maSin, roca samcxis – borjomis, axalcixis,<br />
adigenis da aspinZis _ raionebSi mosaxleobis umravlesoba qar-<br />
Tvelia. qarTvelebisa da somxebis garda, regionSi cxovroben, agreTve,<br />
berZnebi, ebraelebi, rusebi.<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierToebis eTikuri kodeqsis Seqmnis mizania<br />
Cvens saxelmwifoSi sazogadoebrivi da, gansakuTrebiT, <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong><br />
urTierTobis humanizacia da tolerantobis donis amaRleba. es ki, Tavis<br />
mxriv, xels Seuwyobs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneblobas, demokratiuli<br />
procesebis ganviTarebas, - am fonze cxovrebis xarisxis amaRlebas<br />
da, Sesabamisad, mosaxleobis keTildReobas. am ukanasknelSi igulisxmeba<br />
ara mxolod ekonomikuri keTildReoba, aramed pirovnebebsa da eTnosebs<br />
Soris urTierTobis atmosferos gajansaReba. es momenti friad mniSvnelovania<br />
gardamaval periodSi myofi saxelmwifosaTvis, romlisTvisac<br />
sxvadasxva saxis konfliqtis prevencia da gadawyveta yoveldRiuri<br />
saWiroebaa. erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobis eTikasa da zneobas gaaCnia ara<br />
mxolod humanisturi aspeqtebi, aramed pragmatuli ganzomilebac. maRali<br />
moraluri standartebisa da faseulobebis atmosfero xels uwyobs sazogadoebis<br />
socialuri kapitalis amaRlebas, rasac, Tavis mxriv, mivyavarT<br />
qveyanaSi sxvadasxva jgufebisa da moqalaqeebis keTildReobis donis<br />
amaRlebisaken.<br />
rac Seexeba kodeqsis konkretul amocanas, es aris samcxe-javaxeTis<br />
regionSi <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis marTvis efeqturobis gazrda,<br />
rac, Tavis mxriv, regionSi eTnikuri mravalferovnebis potencialis<br />
srulfasovani amoqmedebis aucilebel pirobebs Seqmnis.<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis efeqturi <strong>marTva</strong> efuZneba adamianis<br />
qcevis normatuli regulirebis Semdeg wyaroebs: (1) samarTlebrivi nor-<br />
109
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
mebi da kanonebi, (2) saxelmwifo da saerTaSoriso dokumentebi, romelTac<br />
aqvT savaldebulo an sarekomendacio xasiaTi, (3) erovnul-kulturuli<br />
tradiciebi da adaT-wesebi, (4) moralur-eTikuri normebi. intereTnikuri<br />
urTierTobis samarTlebrivi normebi, rogorc wesi, qveynis konstituciasa<br />
da sxva saxelmwifoebriv, saxelmwifoTaSoris Tu saerTaSoriso dokumentebSia<br />
Camoyalibebuli, xolo rac Seexeba eTikur kodeqss, romelic<br />
sxvadasxva eTnosebs Soris urTierToebebis moralur-eTikur aspeqtebze<br />
gaamaxvilebda yurdaRebas, dReisaTvis ar arsebobs. winamdebare kodeqsis<br />
avtorebma saWirod CaTvales, SeevsoT es danaklisi; gadawyvites, sakuTari<br />
ZalisxmeviT SeemuSavebinaT kodeqsis Seqmnis meTodologia da xorci<br />
SeesxaT misTvis. amgvarad, mocemuli eTikuri kodeqsi erovnebaTSorisi<br />
<strong>urTierTobebis</strong> moralur-eTikuri aspeqtebiT Semoifargleba.<br />
kodeqsis avtorebi<br />
kodeqsis avtorebi arian `adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondis~ 12<br />
TanamSromeli, romlebic evropis usafrTxoebisa da TanamSromlobis<br />
organizaciis mxardaWeriT samcxe-javaxeTSi eTnikuri urTierTobis marTvis<br />
proeqts axorcieleben da samcxe-javaxeTis regionis 216 saxelmwifo moxele<br />
– aRniSnuli proeqtis farglebSi Catarebuli treningebisa da seminarebis<br />
monawileebi. mocemuli koleqtiuri naSromis avtorebi Tvlian, rom eTikuri<br />
kodeqsi – es aris jerarsul msjelobaTa Sejamebis safuZvelze Seqmnili<br />
sistema, romelic sabolood vlindeba adamianTa urTierTdamokidebulebis<br />
idealur magaliTebSi. ra Tqma unda, idealebis xorcSesxma realur<br />
cxovrebaSi yovelTvis ver xerxdeba, magram Cven mainc amisaken unda<br />
miviswrafodeT. radganac eTika jerarsis sferosTan aris dakavSirebuli,<br />
anu imasTan, rac `unda iyos~, mocemuli kodeqsis avtorebma SeimuSaves<br />
msjelobaTa sistema, romelic mimarTulia gansxvavebul eTnosebs Soris<br />
idealur urTierTobaze saqarTvelos samcxe-javaxeTis regionis farglebSi.<br />
radgan seminarebis monawileTa umravlesobas regionSi mcxovrebi<br />
qarTvelebi da somxebi warmoadgenen, eTnikuri urTierTobis kodeqsi<br />
fokusirebulia qarTul-somxur urTierTobaze samcxe-javaxeTis regionSi.<br />
kodeqsis meTodologia<br />
kodeqsis meTodologiur RerZad iqca jgufuri SemoqmedebiTi diskusia,<br />
anu qarTveli da somexi saxelmwifo moxeleebis mier gamoTqmuli<br />
ideebisa da zneobriv-moralur sakiTxebze msjelobis erToblioba, romelic<br />
adamianis samyaroSi cxovrebis logikuri doneebis koncefciis safuZvelze<br />
iyo agebuli.<br />
adamianis cxovrebis logikuri doneebis koncefciis Tanaxmad, adami-<br />
110
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
anis moqmedeba da moRvaweoba, maT Soris zneobriv-normatiuli moqmedeba,<br />
aisaxeba logikur sistemaSi, romlis gansxvavebuli doneebi da maTi Tanmimdevroba<br />
Semdegi konteqstebidan momdinareobs:<br />
• garemos konteqsti (ekologiuri, kulturul-istoriuli, yofiTi<br />
da sxva);<br />
• qcevisa da warmodgenebis konteqsti (individualuri qceva, koleqtiuri<br />
qceva, sazogadoebrivi azri, azrovnebisa da qcevis stereotipebi,<br />
ritualebi da adaT-wesebi da sxva);<br />
• SesaZleblobaTa, unar-Cvevebis, resursebis, alternativebis, arCevanis<br />
diapazonis da sxva konteqsti;<br />
• faseulobebis, cxovrebis arsisa da fundamenturi principebis konteqsti;<br />
• identobis konteqsti (pirovnuli, jgufuri, eTnikuri, socialuri,<br />
politikuri, sqesobrivi, profesiuli, kulturuli an subkulturuli<br />
da sxva);<br />
• ojaxis, Temis, regionis, qalaqis, soflis, mikrosocialuri garemos<br />
da sxva konteqsti;<br />
• qveynis institutebis, qveynisa da saxelmwifos konteqsti mTlianobaSi;<br />
• kacobriobis, zogadsakacobrio globaluri procesebisa da faseulobebis<br />
konteqsti;<br />
• samyarosa da universumis konteqsti.<br />
seminaris qarTvelma da somexma monawileebma adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis<br />
fondis specialistebTan erTad SemoqmedebiTad ganixiles da<br />
Tavi mouyares ideebs zemoT aRniSnuli logikuri Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT.<br />
SemuSavda eTikuri normativebisa da orientirebis sistema Semdeg<br />
sferoebTan dakavSirebiT:<br />
- regionis ekologiuri da kulturul-istoriuli garemo;<br />
- eTnosTa tradiciebi da wes-Cveulebebi;<br />
- erToblivi zrunva eTnosTa SesaZleblobebisa da potencialis<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis;<br />
- eTnosTa identobis miReba da gansxvavebis pativiscema;<br />
- eTnikuri <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> principebis ganxilva samcxe-javaxeTisa<br />
da mTlianad saxelmwifos ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT;<br />
111
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
- eTnikuri urTierTobis principebis ganxilva globalur, zogadsakacobrio<br />
konteqstSi;<br />
kodeqsis principebi da debulebebi dalagebulia swored aRniSnuli<br />
Tanmimdevrobis Sesabamisad.<br />
vinaidan avtorebi <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis pirveli kodeqsis<br />
Semqmnelebi arian, isini, cxadia, acnobiereben am misiisa da misi cxovrebaSi<br />
gatarebis mniSvnelobas. swored amitom avtorebi didi interesiT<br />
miiReben yovelgvar kritikul SeniSvnas, komentarsa da rekomendacis,<br />
romelic gauCndeba mkiTxvels. isini acnobiereben eTikuri kodeqsis<br />
universalobas da imedovneben, rom am tipis samuSao ganxorcieldeba<br />
Cveni mravalerovani qveynis sxva regionebSic. es ki gamoiwvevs aucilebel<br />
cvlilebebasa da damatebebs erTaSorisi urTierTobis sferoSi ufro<br />
farTo da ganzogadebuli normatiuli principebisa da debulebebis<br />
sistemis Sesaqmnelad.<br />
swored eTikuri kodeqsis universaloba moiTxovs, rom misi ZiriTadi debulebebi<br />
SemuSavdes dialogis safuZvelze. dialogi TviTon aris cxovrebis<br />
universaluri principebis dadgenis, gacnobierebisa da gaTavisebis<br />
universaluri wyaro. amitomac, samcxe-javaxuri qarTul-somxuri dialogi<br />
erTaSorisi urTierTobis mowesrigebis ZiriTadi eTikuri principebis<br />
mZlavri impulsia, raTa eTnikurad mravalferovan saqarTveloSi ganviTardes<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> dialogis saintereso da konstruqciuli procesi.<br />
eTnosTaSorisi urTierTobis eTikuri normebi _ sistema<br />
`adamiani-samyaros~-s logikuri doneebis Sesabamisad<br />
1. garemo<br />
1.1. saqarTvelos qarTvelma da somexma moqalaqeebma unda aRadginon da<br />
daicvan samcxe-javaxeTisa da mTeli Cveni qveynis istoriuli da ekologiuri<br />
garemo; erToblivad izrunon ekologiur usafrTxoebaze,<br />
florisa da faunis SenarCuneba-ganviTarebaze, istoriul da kulturul<br />
ZeglTa dacvasa da aRdgenaze, xolo ama Tu im darRvevis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, moaxdinon saTanado reagireba.<br />
1.2. samcxe-javaxeTis sazogadoebis uklebliv yvela wevrma/eTnikurma<br />
jgufma Tavi unda igrZnos raionis ekologiuri garemos Tanabaruflebian<br />
da srulfasovan mflobelad.<br />
1.3. saqarTvelos qarTvelma da somexma moqalaqeebma unda Seiswavlon da<br />
Seafason sakuTari garemos ekologiuri mdgomareoba da izrunon rogorc<br />
sakuTari, aseve maTi garemomcveli sazogadoebis ekologiuri<br />
ganaTlebis donis amaRlebaze.<br />
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<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
1.4. qarTvelma da somexma moqalaqeebma unda moinaxulon, Seiswavlon,<br />
daicvan, daasufTavon da pativi scen erTmaneTis istoriul da kulturul<br />
Zeglebs; pasuxismgebloba ikisron erTmaneTis kulturulistoriuli<br />
memkvidreobis SenarCunebisa da dacvis propagandaze da<br />
ganixilon isini, rogorc msoflios saganZuri; moepyron erTmaneTis<br />
da sxvaTa memkvidreobas ise, rogorc surT, rom sxvebi moepyron maT<br />
memkvidreobas.<br />
2. tradiciebi<br />
2.1. saqarTvelos qarTvelma da somexma moqalaqeebma pativi unda scen da<br />
aRiaron erTmaneTis tradiciebi;<br />
2.2. saqarTvelos qarTvelma da somexma moqalaqeebma unda uzrunvelyon<br />
yoveli eTnikuri jgufis mier sakuTari tradiciebis SenarCunebis,<br />
warmoCenis da ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba;<br />
2.3. saqarTvelos qarTvelma da somexma moqalaqeebma unda ikisron erTmaneTis<br />
tradiciebis gacnoba-Seswavla, adaT-wesebis, rogorc resursis<br />
gamoyeneba Semdgomi mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebis mizniT;<br />
2.4. saqarTvelos qarTvelma da somexma moqalaqeebma unda izrunon <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong><br />
urTierTobis mogvarebis garkveuli sistemis Camoyalibebaze<br />
da sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufebis tradiciebis Seuracxyofis<br />
SemTxvevaSi moaxdinon Sesabamisi reagireba;<br />
3. SesaZleblobani<br />
3.1. saqarTvelos qarTvelma da somexma moqalaqeebma erToblivad unda<br />
izrunon erTmaneTis cxovrebis donis gaumjobesebaze, erTmaneTisaTvis<br />
TviTrealizaciisa da ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebis (ganTleba,<br />
monawileoba, obieqturi informaciis miReba da a.S.) Seqmnaze;<br />
3.2. saqarTvelos moqalaqe eTnikuri umciresobis warmomadgenlebs, Cvens<br />
SemTxvevaSi somxebs, xeli unda SeewyoT, Seiswavlon saxelmwifo ena,<br />
raTa maT mieceT dasaqmebisa da profesiuli TviTrealizaciis, qveynis<br />
cxovrebaSi srulfasovani monawileobis SesaZlebloba. Tavis mxriv,<br />
qarTvelma moqalaqeebma ar unda gauwion diskriminacia somexi mosaxleobis<br />
warmomadgenlebs sayofacxovrebo Tu saxelmwifo doneze TavianTi<br />
SesaZleblobebis realizebaSi da waaxalison isini;<br />
3.3. saqarTvelos qarTvelma da somexma moqalaqeebma xeli unda Seuwyon<br />
erTmaneTs samoqalaqo cnobierebis ganviTarebaSi;<br />
4. faseulobebi<br />
4.1. saqarTvelos qarTveli da somexi moqalaqeebi valdebulni arian, pativiscemiT<br />
moepyron erTmaneTisa da sxva eTnosTa enobriv, religiur,<br />
113
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
kulturul-istoriul da sxva faseulobebs. isini erToblivad unda<br />
zrunavdnen am faseulobebis gafrTxilebasa da maTi mravalferovnebis<br />
SenarCunebaze, eTnosTa Soris dialogis ganviTarebaze;<br />
4.2. saqarTvelos qarTveli da somexi moqalaqeebi unda zrunavdnen ara<br />
mxolod arsebuli saerTo faseulobebis gacnobierebasa da SenarCunebaze,<br />
aramed axali saerTo moqalaqeobrivi faseulobebis Seqmnasa da<br />
maT Semdgom ganviTarebaze;<br />
4.3. saqarTvelos qarTveli da somexi moqalaqeebi unda uzrunvelyofdnen<br />
erTmaneTis erovnul-kulturuli faseulobebis Taobidan Taobaze gadacemas<br />
da maT SenarCuneba-ganviTarebas;<br />
5. identoba<br />
5.1. saqarTvelos somexma da qarTvelma moqalaqeebma unda uzrunvelyon<br />
erTmaneTis TviTmyofadobis, enis, religiis, faseulobebis dacva, danergon<br />
urTierTmimReblobisa da gansxvavebaTa pativiscemis suliskveTeba;<br />
5.2. samcxe-javaxeTis qarTveli da somexi moqalaqeebi erTmaneTisagan<br />
gansxvavdebian eTnikuri identobis TvalsazrisiT, magram maT aerTianebs<br />
saerTo moqalaqeobrivi identoba, rac maT safuZvels uqmnis er-<br />
Toblivad ikisron pasuxismgebloba saxelmwifos suverenitetis, teritoriuli<br />
mTlianobis dacvis, saxelmwifo enis da samoqalaqo faseulobebis<br />
pativiscemisa da qveynis ganviTarebis xelSewyobaze;<br />
5.3. mijnaven ra erTmaneTisagan eTnikur asimilaciasa da integracias,<br />
saqarTvelos somexma da qarTvelma moqalaqeebma unda moaxdinon reagireba<br />
asimilaciis mcdelobaze da xeli Seuwyon saxelmwifoSi mSvidobian<br />
integrirebas; unda uzrunvelyon ara mxolod erovnuli<br />
identobisa da TviTmyofadobis dacva, aramed misi Semdgomi srulyofa<br />
da ganviTareba;<br />
6. samcxe-javaxeTis regioni<br />
samcxe-javaxeTis regioni unda gaxdes efeqturi erovnebaTSorisi Tanacxovrebis<br />
warmatebuli magaliTi mTeli qveynisaTvis, kerZod:<br />
6.1. samcxe-javaxeTSi mcxovrebma qarTvelma da somexma moqalaqeebma erToblivad<br />
unda izrunon regionis socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebaze;<br />
6.2. samcxe-javaxeTSi mcxovrebma qarTvelebma da somxebma pativi unda<br />
scen saxelmwifos teritoriul mTlianobas, xeli Seuwyon regionSi<br />
samoqalaqo cnobierebis ganviTarebas da sazogadoebis aqtiur monawileobas<br />
qveynis ganviTarebis procesebSi; amasTanave, unda aRiaron da<br />
gaiTvaliswinon regionSi mcxovrebi yvela eTnikuri umciresobis<br />
moTxovnilebebi da uflebebi;<br />
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<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
6.3. saqarTvelos qarTvelma da somexma moqalaqeebma xeli unda Seuwyon<br />
kavSiris ganmtkicebas saxelmwifo struqturebsa da mosaxleobas Soris,<br />
raTa maT erToblivad izrunon SesaZlo konfliqtebis prevenciaze da<br />
xeli Seuwyon regionis srulfasovan integrirebasa da ganviTarebas;<br />
7. qveyana<br />
7.1. samcxe-javaxeTis qarTvelma da somexma moqalaqeebma unda aCvenon<br />
qveyanaSi mcxovreb sxva eTnikur jgufebs mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebis<br />
magaliTi, xeli Seuwyon am pozitiuri gamocdilebis ganvrcobas mTel<br />
qveynaSi da sxvadasxva eTnosTa Soris urTierTobisa da kavSiris<br />
ganviTarebas;<br />
7.2. saqarTvelos qarTvelma da somexma moqalaqeebma unda daicvan saxelmwifosa<br />
da masSi mcxovrebi yvela eTnosis interesebi, unda uzrunvelyon<br />
qveynis cxovrebisa da marTvis nebismier doneze yvela eTnosis<br />
srulfasovani monawileoba;<br />
7.3. saqarTvelos qarTvelma da somexma moqalaqeebma erToblivad, mSvidobiani<br />
gziT, saerTaSoriso dokumentebze dayrdnobiT unda izrunon<br />
qveynis teritoriuli mTlianobisa da integraciis maRal xarisxze;<br />
7.4. saqarTvelos qarTvelma da somexma moqalaqeebma unda daicvan saqar-<br />
Tvelos kononmdebloba da konstitucia, Seitanon wvlili samarTlebrivi<br />
saxelmwifos SenebaSi, romelic mxolod TanamSromlobasa da<br />
pasuxismgeblobaze dayrdnobiT miiRweva;<br />
8. kacobrioba<br />
8.1. saqarTvelos qarTveli da somexi moqalaqebi unda iZleodnen mSvidobiani<br />
Tanaarsebobis magaliTs da xels uwyobdnen sxva eTnikur<br />
jgufebSi analogiuri miswrafebebis ganvrcobas rogorc saqarTvelos,<br />
aseve msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis masStabiT;<br />
8.2. saqarTvelos qarTveli da somexi moqalaqeebi unda zrunavdnen Tavis<br />
uaxloes garemocvaSi, regionSi, qveyanaSi, msoflioSi usafrTxoebis<br />
donis amaRlebaze;<br />
8.3. saqarTvelos qarTveli da somexi moqalaqeebi unda iTvaliswinebdnen<br />
sakacobrio gamocdilebas intereTnikur urTierTobebSi;<br />
8.4. saqarTvelos qarTveli da somexi moqalaqeebi unda xelmZRvanelobdnen<br />
zogad-sakacobrio faseulobebiT, rogoricaa: demokratia,<br />
moqalaqeoba, tolerantoba, Rirseba, humanizmi da adamianTa uflebebi;<br />
8.5. saqarTvelos qarTveli da somexi moqalaqeebi unda cdilobdnen, rom<br />
eTnosTaSoris sferoSi miRweulma dadebiTma Sedegebma pozitiuri<br />
zegavlena iqonion zogadsakacobrio procesebze.<br />
115
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
avtorTa rekomendaciebi erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobaTa<br />
marTvis treningisa da samuSao Sexvedrebis Casatareblad<br />
!<br />
!<br />
qveTavSi mocemulia avtorTa gundis mier erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobaTa<br />
marTvis sferoSi muSaobisas dagrovili gamocdilebis ganzogadeba<br />
ramdenime rekomendaciis saxiT, romelic, vimedovnebT, rom gamogadgebaT<br />
meTodologiuri xedvis SesamuSavebaSi, treningisa da seminarebis dagegmvasa<br />
da CatarebaSi; Tumca, kargad vacnobierebT, rom ar arsebobs auditoriasTan<br />
muSaobis `mza receptebi~, gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevaSi, roca saqme<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> faqiz sferos exeba.<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis marTvis treningisa da samuSao seminarebis<br />
Catarebisas mniSvnelovania wamyvanTa moqnili midgoma procesisadmi.<br />
improvizaciis unari da SemoqmedebiToba sesiebis wamyvanis mniSvnelovani<br />
samuSao iaraRia. SemoqmedebiToba da moqniloba mniSvnelovania<br />
ara mxolod dagegmvis, aramed TviT muSaobis procesSi. es gamocdilebasTan<br />
erTad yalibdeba. gamocdilebis dasagroveblad ki saWiroa wamyvanebis<br />
muSaoba rogorc sakiTxze codnis gasaRrmaveblad, aseve sakuTar<br />
Tavze. uwyveti ganaTleba da pirovnuli zrda is cxovrebiseuli poziciaa,<br />
romliTac igebs rogorc Tavad profesionali, aseve misi Sromis momxmarebeli.<br />
interaqciuli stili aris <strong>saxelmZRvanelo</strong>s meTodologiis erT-erTi<br />
sayrdeni. mniSvnelovania, sesiebis wayvanisas ar gamoviyenoT calsaxad<br />
mxolod leqciuri stili, muSaobis procesSi maqsimalurad CavrToT<br />
monawileebi. amiT xels SevuwyobT monawileebis mier masalis SeTvisebas,<br />
dagrovili gamocdilebis gacnobierebas, pozitiuri mxaris danaxvasa da<br />
Semdgom daxvewas.<br />
mniSvnelovania treningis/samuSao Sexvedris Sinaarsis da miznebis morgeba<br />
monawileTa interesebsa da moTxovnilebebze. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />
meTodologiis kidev erTi principia samizne auditoriis moTxovnilebis,<br />
saWiroebebis, molodinisa da interesebis gamokvleva da treningisa da<br />
seminaris Sesabamisad dagegmva.<br />
procesis efeqturobisaTvis sasurvelia jgufs uZRvebodes ori wamyvani.<br />
isini isini inawileben pasuxismgeblobas muSaobis procesis efeqturad<br />
warmarTviasTvis; am SemTxvevaSi procesi ufro mravalferovani<br />
xdeba, advildeba mcire jgufebTan muSaoba, jgufis wevrebis mosazrebebis<br />
aRnusxva, maTi CarTva interaqciul procesSi, teqnikuri sakiTxebis<br />
mogvareba, rogoricaa `flifCartis~, proeqtoris da sxva damxmare masalebis<br />
gamoyeneba da a S.<br />
procesis mimdinareobisas mniSvnelovania wamyvanTa `SeTamaSebuli~<br />
moqmedeba. amisaTvis saWiroa wamyvanTa wyvilis winaswari erToblivi mu-<br />
Saoba: dagegmva, momzadeba, repeticia aris is elementebi, romlebic maT<br />
116
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
daexmareba muSaobis efeqturobis gazrdaSi.<br />
mniSvnelovania superviziis meqanizmis Camoyalibeba da amoqmedeba.<br />
supervizori aris pirovneba, romelic procesis wamyvanebs aswavlis, uwevs<br />
konsultacias, uziarebs gamocdilebas, usmens maT ukukavSirebs da<br />
exmareba gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi proceduruli an meTodologiuri<br />
siZneleebis warmoqmnis SemTxvevaSi. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania ori supervizoris<br />
arseboba: meTodologiur sferoSi da eTnikur sakiTxebTan<br />
dakavSirebiT.<br />
procesis efeqturobas uzrunvelyofs myari ukukavSiris meqnizmis<br />
arseboba wamyvanebs, supervizorebs, procesis sxva organizatorebs da,<br />
gansakuTrebiT, beneficiarebs Soris. maTgan miRebuli komentarebi da maT<br />
ukukavSirze dafuZnebuli procesi amaRlebs efeqturobas da iZleva<br />
ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas.<br />
meTodologiis kidev erTi dasayrdeni aris jgufuri muSaoba. jgufebi<br />
SeiZleba iyos gansxvavebuli formatis - samuSaos miznebidan gamomdinare:<br />
plenaruli sxdomebi (50-100 monawile), mcire jgufebi (optimaluri<br />
raodenoba 10-12 monawile) da qvejgufebi (4-5 monawile). qvejgufebSi<br />
muSaoba ganapirobebs met CarTulobas, met aqtiurobas da ndobis atmosferos<br />
Seqmnas monawileebTan, rac Zalian mniSvnelovania azrTa urTierTgaziarebisTvis,<br />
problemaTa gacnobierebisaTvis, maTi gadawyvetis<br />
gzebis moZiebis praqtikuli unaris gamomuSavebisa da problemebze<br />
saubrisaTvis.<br />
mniSvnelovania, meTodologia da meTodebi moargoT im kulturul<br />
sferosa da gamocdilebas, romelSic muSaoba giwevT. senzitiuroba 25 kulturul<br />
gansxvavebulobaTa mimarT rogorc araformalur, aseve formalur<br />
urTierTobebSi aris monawileebTan efeqturi TanamSromlobis winapiroba.<br />
wamyvanebis momzadebis dros mniSvnelovania kurikulumSi Sevides<br />
samizne eTnikuri jgufis kulturis elementebis Seswavla. am mizniT ki<br />
SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva sferos eqspertTa mowveva da maTi daxmarebiT<br />
SedarebiT obieqturi da sruli informaciis miReba eTnosTa istoriisa<br />
da kulturis Sesaxeb. Cveni gamocdileba eyrdnoba ara marto saerTa-<br />
Soriso sakanonmdeblo sferos eqspertebTan, aramed istorikosebTan,<br />
eTnologebTan, fsiqologebTan, sociologebTan mudmiv konsultirebas.<br />
treningisa da samuSao seminarebis periodSi mniSvnelovania gamovyaviT<br />
dro araformaluri <strong>urTierTobebis</strong>aTvisac. monawileTaTvis, romlebic<br />
iSviaTad xvdebian an saerTod ar aqvT urTierToba sxva eTnikuri jgufebis<br />
warmomadgenlebTan, es aris Sansi, raTa SeZlon stereotipebis<br />
daZlevisken nabijis gadadgma.<br />
Tu jgufi eTnikuri da enobrivi kuTxiT Sereulia, mizanSewonilia<br />
Tarjimnis mowveva, raTa uzrunvelvyoT yvela monawilis Tanabrad CarTva<br />
25 ix. terminTa ganmartebani<br />
117
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
procesSi. saerTo, yvelasTvis gasagebi enis povna da samuSaos Sesabamisad<br />
dagegmva erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi faqtoria. umjobesia, Tu TviT<br />
wamyvanebi saubroben yvelasTvis gasageb enaze, Tumca es ar gamoricxavs<br />
Tarjimanis mowvevis saWiroebas.<br />
Tu samizne jgufSi saxelmwifo moxeleebi da Tanamdebobis pirebi<br />
Sedian, jgufis monawileTa Soris samsaxurebrivi statusis gansxvavebis<br />
gamo Seqmnili problemebis gadawyvetaSi efeqturia Semdegi wesis Semotana:<br />
yvela monawiles `aq da amJamad~ Tanabari statusi aqvs; unda moxdes<br />
dabalstatusiani monawileebis waxaliseba monawileobisaTvis.<br />
procesis warmarTvisaTvis mniSvnelovania monawileTa eTnikuri Semadgenlobis<br />
dabalanseba jgufebSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi yvelas eZleva saSualeba,<br />
iswavlos da gaiTavisos <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis problematika<br />
ara zepiri magaliTebiT, aramed pirovnuli urTierTobisa da<br />
sakuTari gamocdilebis safuZvelze.<br />
daculi da komfortuli garemo dagexmarebaT treningis/samuSao Sexvedris<br />
warmatebiT CatarebaSi. Tu samizne jgufi saxelmwifo moxeleebisagan<br />
Sedgeba, Cveni rCevaa maTi gayvana sacxovrebeli Tu saqmiani<br />
garemodan da muSaobis organizeba e.w. `neitralur teritoriaze~, Tumca<br />
es garkveul finansur xarjebTanaa dakavSirebuli, rac aseve gasaTvaliswinebelia.<br />
dabolos, mniSvnelovania sakiTxisadmi fasilitaciuri midgoma, rac<br />
gulisxmobs `insaiTebze` 26 orientirebul aradireqtiul process; fasilitaciis<br />
dros wamyvani aadvilebs procesis mimdinareobas: igi svams Ria<br />
kiTxvebs, muSaobs asociaciebze, warsul gamocdilebaze, mohyavs magali-<br />
Tebi, sadac SesaZlebelia moiSveliebs iumors da a.S.<br />
gisurvebT warmatebebs!<br />
26 ix. terminTa ganmartebani<br />
118
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
gamoyenebul terminTa ganmartebani<br />
a<br />
aglomeracia – Cvens SemTxvevaSi: adamianTa didi populacia, romelic<br />
gansazRvrul teritoriazea dasaxlebuli;<br />
afilacia – axlo kontaqti, kavSiri; misi qveteqsti yovelTvis pozitiuria;<br />
afilacia asocirebulia TanamSromlobasTan, kompanionobasTan,<br />
siyvarulTan; adamianis erT-erTi sabazo moTxovnilebaa;<br />
asimilacia – sakuTariviT SeTviseba an mierTeba. sociologiaSi es termini<br />
gamoiyeneba maSin, rodesac warsulisa Tu identobis TvalsazrisiT<br />
sruliad Seusabamo jgufebi an individebi iqcevian erTgvarovan,<br />
erTi identobis matarebel jgufad. am SemTxvevaSi procesi<br />
SesaZloa iyos calmxrivi, rodesac erTi STanTqavs meores an ormxrivi,<br />
rodesac orive erTiandeba erT mTlianSi da, aqedan gamomdinare,<br />
xdeba originaluri pirveladi iersaxeebis waSla;<br />
g<br />
gansakuTrebuli ufleba – politikuri termini, romelic gamoiyeneba<br />
saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobaSi. kanoni, romelic moqmdebs mxolod<br />
erT an ramdenime jgufTan mimarTebaSi. is asaxavs pozitiur qmedebebs/zomebs,<br />
an rasobrivi Tu religiuri siZulvilis safuZvelze<br />
Cadenili danaSaulis aRmkveT kanonmdeblobas, romelic exeba eTnikur,<br />
religiur an sqesobriv umciresobebs. Tavisi arsiT igi ar aris<br />
diskriminaciuli. piriqiT, miznad isaxavs umciresobaTa uflebebis<br />
gafarToebas droebiT, sanam qveyana SeZlebs yvela moqalaqis uzrunvelyofas<br />
Tanabari SesaZleblobebiT.<br />
d<br />
diskriminacia _ klasisa Tu kategoriis mixedviT adamianTa Cagvra maTi<br />
pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe; winaswarganwyoba,<br />
romelic qcevaSi gadaizrdeba, mag., rasobrivi diskriminacia, umciresobebis<br />
diskriminacia da a.S.<br />
disocireba _ zogadad gamoiyeneba im procesis (an misi Sedegis)<br />
aRsaniSnavad, rodesac aqtivobebis, mosazrebebis, fiqrebisa an emociebis<br />
mTeli rigi gancalkevdeba, CamoSordeba pirovnebas da pirovneba<br />
maTgan damoukideblad iwyebs funqcionirebas; gamoiyeneba pirovnebis<br />
mier emociurad mniSnelovani garemodan fsiqologiuri distanciis<br />
daWeris aRsaniSnavad, `situaciis gverdidan yurebis~ gadataniTi<br />
mniSvnelobiT;<br />
e<br />
eskalacia (konfliqtis) – gamwvaveba;<br />
119
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
i<br />
identoba – pirovnebis Seswavlis mecnierebaSi, pirovnebis arsebiTi,<br />
ganuyofeli da ZiriTadi meoba; individis Sinagani, sakuTari Tavis<br />
Sesaxeb SemuSavebuli subieqturi koncefcia; sakuTari Tavis igiveobis<br />
gancda; termini gamoiyeneba mikuTvnebulobis gamosaxatavad nebismieri<br />
tipis jgufis mimarT (mag., rasobrivi, eTnikuri, sqesobrivi,<br />
religiuri, profesiuli da sxva saxis identoba);<br />
insaiTi – inglisuri sityvaa (insight), niSnavs raimes arsis gacnobierebis,<br />
wvdomis aqts;<br />
instituti socialuri – sociologiis terminologiiT, socialuri rolebis<br />
organizebuli sistema, romelic sazogadoebis mdgrad da mniSvnelovan<br />
elements warmoadgens da fokusirebulia adamianis sabazo<br />
moTxovnilebebsa da funqciebze;<br />
integracia – Zalian zogadad, es aris calkeuli elementebis gaerTianebisa<br />
da koordinirebis procesi; integrireba – harmoniul da<br />
koordinirebul erTian mTlianobad gadaqceva, rac ganpirobebulia<br />
gadawyobiT, reorganizaciiTa da, Sesabamisad, elementebisa da nawilebis<br />
damatebiT an CamoSorebiT. integracia gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania<br />
socialur-ekonomikuri da kulturuli TvalsazrisiT, rodesac<br />
`elementebad~ moiazrebian pirovnebebi/adamianebi, romlebic gansxvavdebian<br />
Tavisi maxasiaTeblebiT (rasa, sqesi, religia, eTnosi, socialuri<br />
klasi da a. S.);<br />
interaqciuli procesi – komunikaciis procesi, dafuZnebuli Tanamonawileobaze,<br />
romelis drosac ar arsebobs `aqtiuri gadamcemi~ da `pasiuri<br />
mimRebi~; TiToeuli mxare/monawile srulfasovnad aris<br />
CarTuli komunikaciis procesSi;<br />
internalizacia – gaSinagneba, gaTaviseba;<br />
m<br />
matrica – 1)monacemTa (simboloebis an nomrebis) nebismieri saxis<br />
Tanmimdevroba, yalibi, romelic mocemulia tabulaSi rigebisa da<br />
svetebis saxiT; 2)CarCo an struqtura, romelic ganapirobebs formas,<br />
mniSvnelobas an Sinaarss. gamoiyeneba metaforuladac, gadataniTi mni-<br />
SvnelobiT, gansakuTrebiT, SemecnebiT an aRqmiT SinaarsTan mimar-<br />
TebaSi, rac xels uwyobs situaciis gansazRvras an Camoyalibebas;<br />
markeri – inglisuri sityvaa (marker), niSnavs dafaze an qaRaldze sawer<br />
specialur kalams, SesaZloa iyos sxvadasxva feris;<br />
n<br />
negatiuri azrovneba – mouqneli, araresursuli azrovneba, romelic<br />
mimarTulia ara gadawyvetilebis moZiebaze, aramed problemis<br />
xazgasmaze, (gansxvavebiT pozitiuri azrovnebisagan, romelic<br />
120
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
gulisxmobs resursebis aRmoCenisaken swrafvas problemur situaciaSc<br />
ki);<br />
p<br />
paterni – nimuSi, Sabloni (mag. qcevis);<br />
politikuri elita – politikuri liderebis mier Seqmnili gaerTianebebi,<br />
romelTac gaaCniaT elitisadmi mikuTvnebulobiT gamowveuli privilegiebi<br />
da siamaye, da romelic mimarTulia Zalaulebis SenarCunebaze.<br />
prevencia _ winaswari RonisZiebebi raime arasasurveli movlenis Tavidan<br />
asacileblad (mag., konfliqtis prevencia);<br />
prezumfcia - [laT. praesumptio] 1) varaudze damyarebuli mosazreba, 2)<br />
(samarTlis sferoSi) raime faqtis aRiareba sarwmunod, sanam ar<br />
damtkicdeba misi mcdaroba;<br />
proeqcia _ fsiqologiaSi: sakuTari grZnobebis, mosazrebebisa da<br />
ganwyobebis miwera sxva pirovnebisaTvis;<br />
r<br />
rezonioroba _ unayofo tvinis Wyleta;<br />
reversuli diskriminacia – gulisxmobs diskriminaciul politikas an<br />
aqtebs, romelTa ganxorcielebis Sedegad aigebs aradominirebuli<br />
jgufi dominanturi jgufis xarjze; mag., aSS-Si termini gamoiyeneba<br />
maSin, roca arakvalificiuri kandidatura miiReba samsaxurSi imis<br />
safuZvelze, rom aris umciresobis warmomadgeneli;<br />
racionalizacia – fsiqologiaSi: gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg misi<br />
logikuri dasabuTebis konstruirebis procesi.<br />
s<br />
sabazo moTxovnilebebi, saWiroebani –es aris nebismieri moTxovnileba,<br />
romlis dakmayofilebis gareSe adamiani ver SeZlebs an zogadad<br />
arsebobas, an srulfasovan cxovrebas, Tavis Tavis ganxorcielebas;<br />
sinergizmi, sinergiuli [berZ. synergia – TanamSromloba, xelSewyoba] –<br />
zogadad erToblivi muSaoba, SeTanxmebuloba, TanamSromloba;<br />
urTierTgamaZlierebeli zemoqmedeba;<br />
senzitiuroba _ mgrZnobeloba, mgrZnobiaroba;<br />
socialuri daswavla _ sociumis, garemomcveli wris faseulobebis,<br />
damokidebulebebis, qcevis paternebis SeTviseba pirovnebis mier;<br />
supervizia – fasilitaciis praqtikaSi supervizia niSnavs gamocdili kolegis<br />
mier meore kolegis an kolegaTa jgufis profesiul konsultirebasa<br />
da analizs, rogorc maT mier gamoyenebuli praqtikuli<br />
midgomebisa da meTodebis, aseve samizne jgufTan damokidebulebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT; es am profesionalTa Teoriuli da praqtikuli kvalifikaciis<br />
amaRlebas emsaxureba;<br />
121
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
t<br />
treningi, swavleba, wvrTna – zogadad, nebismieri specifikuri saganmanaTleblo,<br />
saswavlo programa an proceduraTa rigi, romelic imisaTvis<br />
aris Sedgenili, rom pirovnebam SeZlos garkveuli unar-Cvevebis<br />
SeZena da sakiTxis gacnobiereba, kvalificiurad CaerTos raime<br />
saxis axal samuSaoSi; gamocdilebiTi swavleba;<br />
u<br />
ukukavSiri – [ingl. feedback] termini Semosulia kibernetikis, sainJinro<br />
da biologiuri mecnierebis sferodan. Cvens SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba<br />
jgufis wevrebisa da wamyvanebis mxridan informacis gacvla erTmaneTis<br />
wvlilis, warmatebis, warumateblobis, emociebis, gacnobierebis<br />
procesis, jgufis dinamikis da sxva sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romlebic<br />
SeiZleba aqtualuri gaxdes treningis an seminaris dros.<br />
treningis/seminaris wamyvanisaTvis monawileebTan ukukavSiris gacvlis<br />
meqanizmi aris profesiuli zrdis sawindari;<br />
f<br />
fasilitacia _ nebismieri procesis aradireqtiulad, samarTlianad, humanistur<br />
faseulobebze dafuZnebulad warmarTvis uzrunvelyofa;<br />
flifCarti – [ingl. flipchart], niSnavs kedelze gasakrav an dafaze dasamagrebel<br />
qaRalds, jgufuri muSaobisas Canawerebis gasakeTeblad;<br />
S<br />
Sovinizmi – ukiduresi da umizezo mxardaWera im jgufisa, romelsac miekuTvneba<br />
pirovneba, gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac es mxardaWera<br />
gamoxatavs siZulvils konkurentis mimarT. es termini warmoiqmna<br />
vinme nikolas Sovinis Tavganwirvidan gamomdinare: igi napoleon<br />
bonapartes jariskaci iyo da Cvidmeti Wrilobis miuxedavad, fanatikurad<br />
uWerda mxars Tavis imperators da ibrZoda safrangeTisaTvis;<br />
amdenad, termini asaxavs ukidures nacionalizms;<br />
C<br />
Careva – zogadi termini, romelic aRniSnavs nebismieri saxis procedurasa<br />
Tu meTods, romelic gamoiyeneba mimdinare procesis Sewyvetis,<br />
masSi Carevisa da/an misi Secvlis mizniT;<br />
w<br />
winaswarganwyoba – [inglisurad prejudice] 1) pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT<br />
igulisxmeba `winaswargansjis~ aqti; Sexedulebis Camoyalibeba sakmarisi<br />
informaciis moZiebamde, winarekoncefcia; misi arseboba SesaZlebelia<br />
nebismieri sagnis, movlenis, pirovnebis, ideisa da a. S.<br />
Sesaxeb. 2) negatiuri mosazreba garkveuli pirebis dajgufebis mimarT,<br />
122
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
rac dafuZnebulia im negatiur maxasiaTeblebze, romelic am jgufis<br />
mier mudmivad gamoixateba. 3) pirovnebisadmi damokidebuleba, dafuZnebuli<br />
stereotipebze im socialuri an rasobrivi jgufis mimarT,<br />
romelsac is ekuTvnis;<br />
h<br />
homogenuroba – zogadad msgavseba, igiveoba; gamoiyeneba gansxvavebul<br />
SemTxvevebSi jgufis, sagnebis, monacemebis da a. S. dasaxasiaTeblad.<br />
termini aRniSnavs imas, rom nagulisxmevi sagnebi ar gansxvavdebian<br />
erTmaneTisagan arsebiTad, erTgvarovania.<br />
123
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1. bluaSvili u., mesxiSvili c., samoqalaqo integraciis problemebi<br />
samcxe-javaxeTSi, inteleqti, Tbilisi, 2004<br />
2. galtungi i., konfliqtis transformacia mSvidobiani gziT (transcendis<br />
meTodi), ICCN, Tbilisi, 2001<br />
3. sarjvelaZe n., beberaSvili z., javaxiSvili j., maxaSvili n., sarjvelaZe<br />
n., travma da fsiqologiuri daxmareba, argfo, Tbilisi, 2000<br />
4. sarjvelaZe n., `adamianTa fundamenturi moTxovnilebebi da sociluri<br />
institutebi dRevandel saqarTveloSi~, wignSi: `adamianis sabazo moTxovnilebebi<br />
da institutciuri ganviTareba saqarTveloSi~, Tbilisi,<br />
2003.<br />
5. javaxiSvili j., `manfred maqs-nifis moTxovnilebaTa Teoria da misi<br />
humanisturi potenciali~, wignSi `adamianis sabazo moTxovnilebebi da<br />
instituciuri ganviTareba saqarTveloSi~, Tbilisi, 2003.<br />
6. Owning the process: public participation in peacemaking, in: Accord, issue editor:<br />
Barnes C., Conciliation Resources, London, 2002<br />
7. Bart F. introduction//Bart E. Ethnic groups and boundaries. The social<br />
organization of Cultural differences. Bergen, London, 1969<br />
8. Barton J.W., Conflict: resolution and prevention, Macmillan, London, 1990<br />
9. Barton J.W., Conflict: human needs theory, Macmillan, London 1990<br />
10. Broers L., Globalization, Migration and Diaspora Nationalizm Issues; Genocide and<br />
Ethnic Cleansing; Nations and Nationalism, Unplublished course of lectures, School<br />
of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 2006<br />
11. Gordon A., Neufeld Ch., Mapping multiculturalism, Minneapolis, London, 1996<br />
12. Ethnic identity, national identity, and intergroup conflict: the significance of<br />
personal experiences; Social identity, inter group conflict and conflict reduction,<br />
Thomas Hylland Ericsen. /Oxford: Oxford university press, 2001<br />
13. Fisher R.J., The social sychology og intergroup and institutional conflic<br />
resolution, NY: Springer Verlag, 1990<br />
14. Javakhishvili J., Victims of war: psychological problems of displaced people, in:<br />
Prevention and control of aggression and the impact on its victims, ed: Martinez<br />
M., Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2001<br />
15. Karybayeva M., Kochorbayeva Z., Moldosheva A.. Manual: Guids on the training<br />
“Managing inter-ethnic relationships”, High commissariat of OSCE on af-<br />
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fairs of national minorities and Academy of management under the president of<br />
Kyrgiz republic, Kyrgizstan, 2001<br />
16. Lederach J.P, Beyond Prescrition: new lenses forconflict resolution training<br />
across cultures, Waterloo, Canada, 1992<br />
17. Max-Neef M., Elizadle A., Hopenhayn M., Human Scale Development, New<br />
Yourk, the Apex Press, 1991<br />
18. Mitchel C.R., Necessitous man andconflict resolution: more basic questions<br />
about basic human needs in j.w. Barton (ed), Conflict: human needs thory,<br />
NY:St Martins Press, 1990<br />
19. Mitchel C., Banks M., Handbook of conflict resolution: the analytical problem<br />
solving approach, Redwood books, GB, 1996<br />
20. Smooha S., Jarve P., (editors), The fate of ethnic democracy in postcommunist<br />
Europe, IGI Books, ECMI, OSI, Createch LTD, Hungary, 2005<br />
21. Vyryne, T., Going beyond similarity: The role of the facilitator in problemsolving<br />
workshop onflict resoluation., in: Kent Journal of Interational Relations,<br />
ol.9, no7, Winter, 1995<br />
22. Watters M, Ethnic option. Hoosing identities in America, Berkley, LosAngeles,<br />
Oxford, 1990<br />
23. Бейтсон Г., Экология разума, Смысл, Москва, 2000<br />
24. Воронков В., Освальд И., Конструирование идентичности: Этнические<br />
общины Снкт-Петербурга, СПБ, 1998<br />
25. Гейслер Х., Граждане, нация, республика – Европа и мультикульрурное<br />
общество, неопубликованный перевод по изданию: Geiller H, Burger,<br />
nation, republic – Europa und die multiculturelle gesellshaft//ie multiculturelle<br />
herausfordeung, Munchen, Beck, 1996.<br />
26. Головаха Е., Кроник А. Психологическое время личности, Киев, Наукова<br />
Думка, 1984<br />
27. Гриндер Дж., Бендлер Р., Структура Магии, Москва, КААС, 1995<br />
28. Дилтс Р., Изменение убеждений с помощью НЛП, Москва, Класс, 1997<br />
29. Джавахишвили Дж., Фричева М., «Некоторые аспекты межэтнических<br />
отношений в Грузии», Тбилиси, 2005 (в процессе публикации)<br />
30. Конструирование этничности. Под ред. В. Воронкова и И. Освальда.<br />
издательство «Дмитрий Буланин». 1998.<br />
31. Кроник А., Ахмеров А., Каузометрия: методы самопознания, психодиагностики<br />
и психотерапии в психологии жизненного пути, Москва, Смысл, 2003<br />
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32. Лебедева Н. Введение в этническую и кросс- культурную психологию,<br />
Ключ, 1999;<br />
33. Фишер С., Абди Д.И., Лудин Дж., Смит Р., Уилиамс С., Уилиамс С., Работа<br />
с конфликтом: навыки и стратегии практической работы с конфликтом,<br />
RTC, 2001<br />
34. Разрешение конфликта: пособие по обучению методам анализа и<br />
разрешения конфликта, Москва, International Alеrt, 1999<br />
35. Сарджвеладзе Н., Личность и ее взаимодействие с социальной средой,<br />
Мецниереба, Тбилиси, 1989<br />
36. Сарджвеладзе Н., Беберашвили З., Джавахишвили Дж., Махашвили Н.,<br />
Сарджвеладзе Н., Травма и психологическая помощь, Москва, Смысл, Че-<br />
Ро, 2006<br />
37. Солдатова Г., У., Этническая идентичность, в: Психология межэтнической<br />
напряженности, Москва, 1999<br />
saerTaSoriso dokumentebi<br />
1. Гаагские ркомменации о правых национальных меньшинств на образование<br />
и пояснительная записка, Оффис Верховного Комиссара по<br />
Делам Национальных Меньшинств, Гаага, Октябрь 1996<br />
2. Ословские реккомендации о правых национальных меньшиств в области<br />
языка и пояснительная записка, Оффис Верховного Комиссара по Делам<br />
Национальных Меньшинств, Гаага, Февраль 1998<br />
3. Лундские реккомендации об эффективном уастии национльных меньшинств<br />
в общесвенно-политической жизни с пояснтельными примечаниями,<br />
Оффис Верховного Комиссара по Делам Национальных Меньшинств,<br />
Гаага, Сентябрь 1999<br />
4. Рекомендации, способствующие участию национальных меньшинств в<br />
избирательном процессе, Бюро ОБСЕ по демократическим институтам и<br />
правам человека, Варшава, Март, 2001<br />
5. Рамочная конвенция о защите национальных меньшинтв, Общегражданское<br />
Движение Многонациональная Грузия, Тбилиси, Декабрь, 2004<br />
126
avtorTa mokle biografiebi<br />
<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>marTva</strong><br />
jana javaxiSvili<br />
fsiqologi, fasilitatori, muSaobs SeiaraRebuli incidentebis<br />
Sedegad travmirebuli adamianebis (afxazeTidan devnilebi, CeCneTidan<br />
ltolvilebi, beslanis pedagogebi da sxv.) fsiqologiur daxmarebaze;<br />
2002 wlidan dRemde – <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> konfliqtebis mogvarebaze;<br />
gaweuli aqvs qarTul-afxzuri, qarTul-osuri, somxur-azerbaijanuli,<br />
tajikur-yirgizul-uzbekuri samSvidobo Sexvedrebis fasilitacia; 1996<br />
wlidan kolegebTan erTad safuZveli Cauyara adamianis resursebis<br />
ganviTarebis fonds, imuSava iq rogorc gamgeobis wevrma, proeqtebis<br />
meTodologiurma supervizorma, Semdgom TanaTavmjdomarem – 2007<br />
wlamde; aris 14 samecniero wignis Tanaavtori qarTul, rusul da inglisur<br />
enebze (gamocemulisa, Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi, ruseTSi, norvegiaSi,<br />
inglissa da amerikaSi), 6 wignis samecniero redaqtori.<br />
nodar sarjvelaZe<br />
fsiqologiur mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori, saqarTvelos filosofiuri<br />
akademiis akademikosi, adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis<br />
fondis damfuZnebeli da misi Tavmjdomare 1996 – 2007 wlebSi,<br />
counseling-is saerTaSoriso asociaciis wevri, 7 wignisa da 40 statiis<br />
avtori qarTul, rusul, inglisur, germanul da frangul enebze. adamianis<br />
resursebis ganviTarebis fondSi misi xelmZRanelobiT ganxorcielda<br />
25 proeqti.<br />
medea (dea) CxaiZe<br />
fsiqologi, magistri konfliqtis mogvarebis dargSi. Tbilisis iv.<br />
javaxiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo universitetis fsiqologiis fakultetis<br />
aspiranti.<br />
2005-2007 w. adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondis aRmasrulebeli<br />
direqtori. 2005 wlis ianvridan aris proeqtis `<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong><br />
urTierTobis <strong>marTva</strong> samcxe-javaxeTSi~ koordinatori. eweva pedagogiur<br />
moRvaweobas. misi interesis sferoebia eTnikuri urTierToebebi,<br />
kulturaTaSorisi dialogi, konfliqti da misi mogvareba,<br />
eTno-kulturuli aspeqtis CarTva saskolo da umaRlesi ganaTlebisa<br />
da zrdasrulTa gadamzadebis sferoSi.<br />
qeTevan xafava<br />
fsiqoTerapevti, rezidenti eqimi-fsiqoTerapiis specialobiT. daamTavra<br />
Tbilisis saxelmwifo samedicino universiteti, fsiqoTerapiisa<br />
da fsiqosomatikis fakulteti.<br />
2001 wlidan igi aqtiurad aris CarTuli adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis<br />
fondis mier ganxorcielebul sxvadasxva proeqtebSi, aris<br />
fondis gamgeobis wevri. 2006 wlidan proeqtis `<strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> urTierTobis<br />
<strong>marTva</strong> qvemo qarTlSi~ direqtori. paralelurad dakavebulia<br />
kvleviTi da pedagogiuri saqmianobiT. misi samecniero interesebis<br />
sferoa: eTnikuroba, socialuri percefciebi da Tanasworoba/uTanasworobis<br />
aspeqtebi <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> sferoSi.<br />
127
adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondi<br />
ia wulaia<br />
socialuri fsiqologiis magistri, marTvis fsiqologiis ganxriT.<br />
daamTavra Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis sax. saxelmwifo universitetis<br />
fsiqologiis fakulteti.<br />
2001 wlidan igi moRvaweobs adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondis<br />
mier ganxorcielebul sxvadasxva proeqtebSi, romlebic mimarTulia<br />
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze, mSvidobis Senebasa da fsiqosocialur<br />
reabilitaciaze. paralelurad ia TanamSromlobda rig arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebTan da aseve, eweoda kvleviT da pedagogiur<br />
saqmianobas. misi samecniero interesis sferoebia eTnikuri identuroba<br />
da eTnikuri umciresobebi. specifiuri interesis regionebia, pankisis<br />
xeoba, samcxe-javaxeTi da qvemo-qarTli. interesis sferoebs warmoadgens<br />
aseve, marTvisa da organizaciuli fsiqologiis sakiTxebi.<br />
ekaterine pavermani<br />
fsiqologi, fsiqoTerapevti, magistri. daamTavra dimitri uznaZis<br />
saxelobis fsiqologiis samecniero institutTan arsebul samedicino<br />
fsiqologiis saswavlo instituti.<br />
2002 wlidan muSaobda bavSvebsa da mozardebTan da socialurad<br />
daucvel ojaxebTan. 2004 wlidan aris `adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis<br />
fondis~ TanamSromeli. moRvaweobs fsiqo-socialuri reabilitaciis,<br />
samoqalaqo seqtoris ganviTarebis da mSvidobis Senebis<br />
sferoebSi. 2005 wlidan CarTulia <strong>erovnebaTaSorisi</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong><br />
marTvis proeqtebSi samcxe-javaxeTisa da qvemo-qarTlis regionebSi.<br />
axorcielebs kvlevas eTnikuri identobis sakiTxebze.<br />
nino SuSania<br />
musikosi, fsiqologi. 2005 wels Cairicxa Tbilisis dimitri uznaZis<br />
saxelobis samedicino, zogadi da gamoyenebiTi fsiqologiis saswavlo<br />
institutSi, sadac amJamad swavlobs mesame kursze.<br />
2000 wlidan moRvaweobs adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondSi,<br />
amJamad ki fondis gamgeobis wevri da bavSvTa da mozardTa proeqtebis<br />
koordinatoria. intereTnikuri <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> marTvis proeqtSi<br />
CarTulia 2005 wlidan. misi interesis sferos warmoadgens xelovnebis<br />
Terapia da interkulturuli <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> sfero.<br />
salome sabelaSvili<br />
fsiqologi, magistri reklamis fsiqologiis ganxriT Sromisa da<br />
organizaciul fsiqologiaSi. daamTavra Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis sax.<br />
saxelmwifo universitetis fsiqologiis fakulteti.<br />
2005 wlidan muSaobs adamianis resursebis ganviTarebis fondSi<br />
trenerad sxvadasxva proeqtebSi. mis interesebSi Sedis eTnosTaSorisi<br />
urTierTobebi, interkulturuli swavleba, adamianuri resursebis<br />
<strong>marTva</strong> organizaciebSi da sxvadasxva unar-Cvevebze mimarTuli interaqtiuli<br />
swavlebis meTodebis danergva.<br />
128
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