muSaobis gegma muSaobis gegma

muSaobis gegma 

r e g l a m e n t i 

momxsenebels _ 10 wuTi 

msjelobaSi monawiles _ 3 wuTi 

14 ivnisi, 12 saaTi 

saiubileo sxdoma 

Sesa 

sava 

vali sityva 

_ institutis direqtori l. e z u g b a i a 

redaqtorebi _ 

avTandil 

arabu 

buli 

Tamar vaSakiZe 

m o x s e n e b e b i : 

zoga 

gadi enaTmec 

mecni 

niere 

rebis ganyo 

yofi 

file 

leba 

_ xelmZRvaneli 

g. k v a r a c x e l i a 

qarTve 

Tvelur enaTa ganyo 

yofi 

file 

leba 

_ xelmZRvaneli g. g o - 

g o l a S v i l i 

mTis iberi 

riul 

ul-kav 

kavka 

kasi 

siur enaTa ganyo 

yofi 

file 

leba 


v. S e n g e l i a 

leqsi 

siko 

kolo 

logi 

giis is ganyo 

yofi 

file 

leba 

_ xelmZRvaneli m. R l o n t i 

qarTu 

Tuli metyve 

tyvele 

lebis kultu 

turis ganyo 

yofi 

file 

leba 


T. v a S a k i Z e 

samecniero termi 

mino 

nolo 

logi 

giisa da Targmni 

gmniTi leqsi 

siko 

kone 

nebis 

ganyo 

yofi 

file 

leba 

_ xelmZRvaneli l. q a r o s a n i Z e 

enobriv mona 

nacem 

cemTa kompi 

piute 

teru 

ruli damu 

muSa 

Save 

vebis ganyo 

yo- 

file 

leba 

_ xelmZRvaneli m. b e r i Z e 

©arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis enaTmecnierebis instituti 

m i s a l m e b e b i 

m o g o n e b e b i 

ISBN 

3


T. u T u r g a i Z e, subieqtis simravlis Warbad aRniSvnisaTvis 

aqtivTa da mediumTa formebSi 

m. s u x i S v i l i, refleqsuroba oraqtantian gardamaval 

zmnebSi 

n. W o x o n e l i Z e, avtoriseuli winadadeba pirdapir naTqvam- 

Tan r. inaniSvilis enis mixedviT 

r. W k a d u a, fuZedrekad zmnaTa mimReoburi formebis warmoebisaTvis 

svanurSi 

n. o T i n a S v i l i, yvirilis xeobis hidronimia 

f. a f x a i Z e, Tavazianobis etiketi da mesame piris nacvalsaxelTa 

sistema (sinhaluri enis masalaze) 

n. j o r b e n a Z e, Tanamedrove presis (Jurnalebis) ena da 

masTan dakavSirebuli problemebi 

l. k e l a u r a Z e, qarTvelur-buruSul-baskuri saerTo leqsikidan. 

I (miwaTmoqmedeba, mesaqonleoba) 


a l. W i n W a r a u l i, kidev erTxel `vefxistyaosnis~ avtoris 

sadaurobisaTvis 

m. C u x u a, gutural-TanxmovanTa SesatyvisobisaTvis iberiul-kavkasiur 

enebSi 

m. b e r i Z e, l. b a k u r a Z e, fereidani _ qarTuli lingvokulturuli 

sivrcis nawili 

n. s u r m a v a, fonetikuri procesebi imerxevis metyvelebaSi 

(2009-2010 ww. masalebis mixedviT) 

c. k v a n t a l i a n i, enaSi mimdinare zogi gramatikuli cvlilebis 

Sesaxeb 

r. r a m i S v i l i, zogierTi frazeologizmisaTvis fereidnulSi 

n. x a x i a S v i l i, sityva msxem-is istoriisaTvis 

m. C a C a n i Z e, taqsonomiuri sistematikis sakiTxisaTvis Tanamedrove 

leqsikografiaSi 

r. l o l u a, SeniSvnebi kavkasiis albanuri fonologiuri sistemis 

Sesaxeb 

4 

5

n o d a r a r d o t e l i 


i. C a n t l a Z e, sisina da SiSina sibilantTa problema qarTvelur 

enebSi 

g. g o g o l a S v i l i, Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo 

enis normebi da realuri enobrivi viTareba 

m. r o b a q i Z e, `mocaleobis~ semantikisaTvis `vefxistyaosan- 

Si~ 

n. a r d o t e l i, sibilantTa monacvleobisaTvis didour 

enebSi 

m. a S a Z e, a. p a p i Z e, frazeologizmebTan dakavSirebuli 

sakiTxebi qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi 

(sityva-statia enis magaliTze) 

q. m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i, I SedegobiTis upreverbo formaTa 

ori saxeoba svanur enaSi da maTi mimarTeba qarTulis 

monacemebTan 

n. W u m b u r i Z e, m. k i k o n i S v i l i, kninobiTobis warmoebis 

Taviseburebani qarTulSi 

e. g i u n a S v i l i, termin àznauris~ istoriisaTvis qarTulsa 

da sparsul wyaroebSi 

S. g a b e s k i r i a, `saqarTvelosa~ da `qarTvelis~ aRmniSvneli 

aRmosavluri terminis `gurjis~ warmomavlobisaTvis 

sibi 

bilant 

lantTa monac 

nacvle 

vleobi 

bisa 

saTvis 

dido 

dour enebSi 

1. sibilantur spirantTa (z, s, J, S) da afrikatTa (c, 

w, w, C, W) monacvleobiT didouri enebi, xunZuri enis dialeqtebisa 

da andiur enaTa erTi wyebisagan (axv., Wam...) gansxvavebiT, 

Taviseburebas amJRavneben: am enebSi es procesi metwilad 

poziciurad aris Sepirobebuli da araregularuli xasiaTisaa 

[e. lomTaZe, t. gudava, m. hamzaTovi...]. 

z/J, s/S, c/C, w/W sibilantur wyvilTa alternacia araer- 

Tgvarovnad aris warmodgenili da, leqsikuri masalis garda, 

gramatikul formebSic dasturdeba. 

2. sakuTriv didouris SiSina da hinuxuris sisina sibilantebs 

Soris TavCenil fonemaTfardobaSi amosavlad SiSina 

Tanxmovnebi miiCneva, xolo Sebrunebul fonemaTmimarTebaSi _ 

sisina sibilantebi: 

sak. did. hin. 

z ( J 

izu iJu `yveli~ 

ozuri ‘Je `Tvali~ 

s ( z 

Jek…-a zok-a `cema~ 

S > s 

6 

7

Sud sud `saflavi~ 

W > w 

konWu konwu `wvivi~ 

(Sdr. qarT. kanWi) 

naciuri fonetikuri procesis spontanur fonetikur procesad 

qcevis tendencia. am TvalsazrisiT qarTvelur enebSi sa- 

Tanado masalis analizi saintereso Sedegebs mogvcemda. 

3. SiSina spirantebi (J, S) da afrikatebi (C, W) sakuTriv 

beJituri dialeqtis kapuWur da xaSarxotul kilokavebSi sisina 

sibilantebad gardaiqmnebian, xolo tladalur kilokavsa 

da hunzibur dialeqtSi arqifonemebi daculia: 

kap. xaS. tl. hunz. 

z z J J 

8 

ziz-‰l ziz-‰l JiJah-al JˆJ-a `Sexrakva~, `Sewva~ 

s s S S 

xisa xisa xiS xiSo xval~ 

c c C C 

ec-al ec-al eC-l beC-a `yofna~, àrseboba~ 

w w W W 

wimaw wimaw Wimt Wemat `RrZili~ 

4. rogorc saanalizo masala cxadyofs, sisi 

sina 

> SiSi 

Sina 

procesi xdeba palataluri xmovnebisa (i, e) da sonantis mezoblad, 

rac gramatikul formebSic TvalnaTliv gamoCndeba, 

mag.: kap. milaz-al `gayinva~ _ awmy. milaJe-S `yinavs~, gowolal 

(I kl.) _ giWel-al (II kl.) 1. `Cveneba~; 2. `micema~...; hunz. 

coɺn `marili~ _ naT. Cio-s da sxv. misT. 

rac Seexeba SiSina sibilantTa gasisinebas, gasagebi mizezebis 

gamo, amgvari transformacia dasturdeba yvela saxis 

xmovanTan. 

5. fonemaTSesatyvisoba aris iseTi saxis fonemaTfardoba, 

romelSic erTi fonema, poziciisda miuxedavad, kanonzomierad 

icvleba sxva fonemiT. didour enebSi gamovlenili fonemaTmonacvleoba 

upiratesad kombinaciuri xasiaTisaa da, aqedan 

gamomdinare, qarTvelur enebTan paralelis gavleba gaumar- 

Tlebelia. miuxedavad amisa, didour enebSive SeiniSneba kombi- 

f i q r i a a f x a i Z e 

Tava 

vazi 

ziano 

nobis etike 

keti da mesa 

same piris 

nacval 

cvalsa 

saxel 

xelTa siste 

tema 

(sin 

sinha 

halu 

luri enis masa 

sala 

laze 

ze) 

sinhala enaSi raodenobrivi Tu funqciur-semantikuri 

nairgvarovnebiT II piris 1 garda, III piris aRmniSvneli nacvalsaxelebic 

gamoirCevian. maTi nairsaxeobebis 2 gamoyenebisas 

arsebuli socialuri etiketis dacva mniSvnelovania; sazogadoebis 

socialurad dayofis principebsa da am TvalsazrisiT 

arsebul enobriv diferencirebas III piris nacvalsaxelTa sistemac 

aranakleb sainteresod gviCvenebs. 

ZiriTadi sxvaoba III piris nacvalsaxelTa xmarebis TvalsazrisiT 

salaparako da saliteraturo sinhalas Soris aris 

is, rom raodenobrivad saliteraturo leqsikisTvis damaxasia- 

Tebeli formebi bevrad sWarbobs salaparako enis formebs. salaparako 

sinhalaSi III piris aRsaniSnad gacilebiT mcire nairsaxeoba 

gvxvdeba da amasTan, gansxvavebulia maTi funqciur-semantikuri 

datvirTvac. 

saliteraturo sinhala III piris nacvalsaxelebSi Semdeg 

gramatikul kategoriebs ganarCevs: 

1. mdedrobiTi, mamrobiTi da saSualo sqesi. 

2. mxolobiTi da mravlobiTi ricxvi. 

1 ix. Cvenive statia: `meore piris nacvalsaxelTa TaviseburebisaTvis 

salaparako sinhalaSi~, ike XXXVII , 2009 

2 

III piris aRmniSvneli nacvalsaxelTa nairsaxeobebs ganvixilavT 

moxsenebaSi. 

9

3. Tavazianobis kategoria. kerZod, gansxvavebas qmnis Tavaziani-araTavaziani 

da agreTve, pativiscemis da upativcemulobis 

gamomxatveli formebi. 

4. sulieri da usulos kategoria. kerZod, sulierSi garCeulia 

adamiani da cxoveli, xolo usuloSi nivTi an abstraqtuli 

cneba. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavazianobis kategoriis 

markirebisas sulieri da usulos kategoriis markirebis principi 

irRveva: nivTis, cxovelis aRmniSvneli formebi iqceva 

adamianis aRmniSvnelad, riTac iqmneba araTavazianobis an upativcemulobis 

konteqsti. 

sinhala ena III piris funqciiT CvenebiT nacvalsaxelebsac 

gamoiyenebs. 

Tanamedrove salaparako enaSi III piris aRmniSvneli nacvalsaxelia 

eyā (is, mx.r), romelsac saliteraturo enaSi ara 

aqvs aqtiuri gamoyenebis areali sxva formebTan SedarebiT. 

sqesis TvalsazrisiT III piri salaparako enaSi ar aris markirebuli. 

es bunebrivia, ramdenadac sqesis kategoria salaparako 

enisTvis mxolod leqsikur kategoriad miiCneva. samagierod, 

garCeulia sulieri-usulos kategoria, oRond CvenebiT nacvalsaxelebSi, 

romlebic III piris funqcias iTavseben, mag.: ekƽ, 

arƽkƽ, mekƽ, oya formebi yovelTvis usuloze miuTiTebs, xolo 

mē, arƽ _ sulieri arsebiTis msazRvrelebad gamoiyeneba. sakuTriv 

III piris aRmniSvnel subieqtur nacvalsaxelebSi ki gamijnulia 

adamianis da cxovelis aRmniSvneli kategoria: ū nacvalsaxeli 

Cveulebriv cxovelze miuTiTebs, xolo eyā - (mx.r) adamianze. 

aRsaniSnavia Tavazianobis kategoriis markirebis Taviseburebac. 

Cveni azriT, salaparako sinhalurSi ar gvaqvs iseTi 

mkveTri diskriminirebuli kasturi an klasobrivi sxvaoba, rogorc 

es, vTqvaT, gunasekeras mier sinhaluri enis gramatikaSia 

(1891) aRwerili. sinhaluri sazogadoebis socialur fenebs 

Soris gansxvaveba amJamad gamoixateba mxolod dabali, saSualo 

da maRali fenebis mixedviT. 

saintereso gansxvavebas qmnis am kategoriis markirebis 

principic. magaliTad, saliteraturo sinhalas III piris na- 

10 

cvalsaxelebSi Tavaziani mniSvneloba specialuri sufiqsebis 

saSualebiT iwarmoeba da es sufiqsebi daerTvis mxolod 

mravlobiTis aRmniSvnel III piris zog nacvalsaxelur fuZes. 

magaliTad: 

un (III p. mr.r) + vahansē (sufiqsi)< unvahansē; 

un (III p. mr.r) +nehe (sufiqsi)< unnæhe da sxva. 

araTavaziani mniSvnelobis gamosaxatavad ki gamoiyeneba 

specialuri formebi. mag.: ū; mū; mu; ekā; okā da a.S. rac Seexeba 

salaparko sinhalas, aq Tavazianoba-araTavazianobis gamosaxatavad 

iSviaTad magram, SeiZleba, rom nasesxebi iqnas saliteraturo 

enis fondisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tavazianobis gamomxatveli 

formebi, rogorica: unvahansē an unnæhe da sxv. magram ZiriTadad, 

laparakis dros III pirSi mowiwebis an Tavazianobis 

gamosaxatavad Cinis, socialuri rangis an statusis gamomxatveli 

arsebiTi saxelebi gamoiyeneba, iseve rogorc qarTulSi: mag.: 

doqtori/profesori + sakuTari saxeli; qalbatoni/batoni+saku- 

Tari saxeli. xolo Tu pirovnebis vinaoba ucnobia, maSin am sityvebis 

win CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi daismis: ē/arƽ doctor kenek;profesƽ 

kenek=is /es doqtori/profesori; ē/arƽ mahattƽa/nōnƽ 

=is/ es batoni/qalbatoni. arasaero piris, religiuri msaxuris, 

vTqvaT, budisti beris mosaxsenieblad ki specialuri nacvalsaxelis 

unvahansē-s nacvlad gamoiyeneba Semdegi konstruqcia: 

(CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeluri msazRvreli) ē/arƽ + (arsebiTi saxeli 

hāmuduruvo `budisti beri~) an: sakuTari saxeli + sityva hāmuduruvo. 

qarTulSic absoluturad igivenairad xdeba, roca movixseniebT 

sasuliero pirs: mama levani, meufe daviTi da a.S. 

sinhalurSi msazRvrel-sazRvrulis rigi Sebrunebulia: jer 

saxelia da mere sasuliero rangis aRmniSvneli sityva. 

rac Seexeba araTavazian mniSvnelobas, salaparako sinhalaSi 

III pirSi araTavaziani mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba nacvalsaxeli, 

romelic Cveulebriv aRniSnavs cxovelis kategorias. ase- 

Tia: ū (mx.r) da un (mr.r) am formebis xmarebiT gansakuTrebiT 

damamcirebeli mniSvneloba gamoixateba. 

11

Tavazianoba-araTavazianobis gamosaxatad zogjer SeiZleba 

pragmatuli faqtoric iyos mniSvnelovani. magaliTad, sazogadod 

miCneulia, rom qarTulSi Tavazianobis kategoria III piris 

nacvalsaxelebSi gramatikulad ar aris markirebuli, magram 

praqtikulad es ketegoria qarTulSi sxvagvarad SeiZleba 

gamoixatos. magaliTad, Tu III piris CvenebiTi nacalsaxelebi 

gamoyenebul iqneba adamianis aRmniSvneli subieqturi nacvalsaxelis 

nacvlad, maSin mosaubres SeuZlia aRsaniSnis mimarT 

gamoxatos Tavaziani an araTavaziani damokidebuleba. am dros 

mniSvnelovania agreTve mosaubris pragmatuli pozicia, gansxvaveba 

rangobriv-Cinobrivi an asakobrivi TvalsazrisiT. 

zemoT ganxiluli enobrivi Taviseburebebi mWidrod aris 

dakavSirebuli sociolingvistur faqtorebTan, romlebic um- 

Tavresad Sepirobebulia mocemuli eris kulturul-eTnikuri 

da religiuri TaviseburebaniT. cxadia, isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, 

rom Tanamedrove sinhalas Camoyalibeba multigenetikuri 

(indoariuli, draviduli da sakuTriv indogenuri) enobrivi 

kontaqtebis safuZvelze moxda. amitom sxadasxva enobrivi 

movlenis ganviTarebaSi multigenetikuri enobrivi struqturebis 

impaqtebi aisaxa. 

m a i a a S a Z e , a s m a T p a p i Z e 

frazeologizmebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi 

qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi 

(sityva-statia enis magaliTze) 

frazeologizmTa aRnusxva da kvleva nebismieri enis Seswavlis 

erT-erTi saintereso ubania. amgvar gamonaTqvamTa Seswavlas 

aqvs rogorc lingvisturi, ise eqstralingvisturi 

mniSvneloba, ramdenadac maTSi xSirad Semonaxulia enis istoriul-eTnografiuli 

Tu kulturul-socialuri Taviseburebe- 

12 

bis gasaRebi. amitom frazeologizmTa ganxilva enaTmecnierebis 

(da ara mxolod enaTmecnierebis) sxvadasxva dargis interesebis 

mixedviTaa SesaZlebeli. 

frazeologiur gamoTqmaTa Seswavla umTavresad calkeuli 

emociuri konceptebis mixedviT xdeba. semantikuri dominantebis 

mixedviT dajgufebuli frazeologizmebis ganxilvisas 

met-naklebad am emociebis gadmosacem struqturebsac eqceva 

yuradReba. ramdenadac Cvens kvlevas ufro leqsikologiuri 

da leqsikografiuli mizani aqvs, gadavwyviteT, amosavlad agve- 

Ro ara emociuri koncepti, aramed sityva, rogorc sxvadasxva 

koncepturi struqturis Semqmneli, erTgvari sityva-koncepti. 

aseTi farTo semantikuri velis mqone sityvebi yvela enaSia da 

maTi raodenoba arc ise didia. bunebrivia, qeglSi yvelaze didi 

raodenobiT e. w. rombuli Sesityvebebi swored am rigis 

sityva-statiebSia Tavmoyrili. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom qeglis axali redaqciis erT-erT mniSvnelovan 

aspeqtad miCneulia frazeologiuri erTeulebiT misi 

gamdidreba. es moxda, erTi mxriv, im magaliTebis xarjze, 

romelTa nawili figuraluris kvalifikaciiT iyo asaxuli 

ilustraciebSi, meore mxriv, axali masalis mopovebis Sedegad. 

myar gamonaTqvamebs SeuerTda aseve dalocvis, wyevlisa Tu natvris 

formulebi (maT Soris erTsityviani). amave dros, frazeologizmTa 

(e. w. rombul gamonaTqvamTa) miTiTeba moexsna 

araerT terminologiur Sesityvebas da amiT mkveTri mijna daido 

am ori tipis Sesityvebas Soris (qegl, ax. red., I, gv. 11). 

amgvarad, qeglSi frazeologizmTa yvela nairsaxeoba erT did 

jgufad aris warmodgenili, _ e. w. rombul gamonaTqvamebad, 

romlebSic Sedis idiomebic da metaforuli gadaazrebiT mi- 

Rebuli sxva xatovani sityva-Tqmani. calkea gamoyofili terminologiuri 

Sesityvebebi, romlebic Sesabamis sityva-statiaSi 

rombuli miTiTebis gareSea warmodgenili da ganmartebuli. 

terminologiuri Sesityvebebi leqsikografiuli TvalsazrisiT 

sirTules ar qmnian. am rigis gamoTqmebi arc ise bevria, 

struqturuli da semantikuri variantebis siWreliTac ar 

13

gamoirCevian (sxvagvarad terminologiur saxelebad ver Camoyalibdebodnen) 

da, Sesabamisad, gansamartavad problemebs ar 

qmnian. 

sirTuleebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia pirveli jgufis 

frazeologizmebTan, gamowveulia, erTi mxriv, maTi mravalricxovnebiT, 

meore mxriv ki, frazeologiur saxesxvaobaTa mravalferovnebiT. 

arsebiTad, am jgufSia Tavmoyrili yvela tipis 

frazeologizmi, garda terminologiuri gamonaTqvamebisa. swored 

amitom movixseniebT maT e. w. rombul Sesityvebebad, romelic 

mxolod teqnikuri terminia. 

e. w. rombul SesityvebaTa udidesi umravlesoba or- da 

metsityviania, Tumca cnebiTi TvalsazrisiT isini erT, Semadgenel 

komponentTagan sruliad gansxvavebul, cnebas aRniSnaven. 

ZiriTadi leqsikografiuli problema dakavSirebulia am gamo- 

Tqmis saleqsikono erTeulad gatanis adgilTan, _ gamoTqmis 

Semadgenel romel sityva-statiasTan unda moxdes misi mniSvnelobis 

dafiqsireba, _ anu ganisazRvros wamyvani, birTvi sityva, 

rac xSirad arc ise advilia. 

polisemiur sityvebTan dakavSirebiT aqtualuria agreTve 

rombul SesityvebaTa adgili sityva-statiaSi. viTareba martivia, 

rodesac frazeologiuri Sesityveba gansamarti sityvis 

erT romelime mniSvnelobasTan aris aSkarad dakavSirebuli, 

magram ufro xSirad bundovania, konkretulad romeli mniSvnelobaa 

metaforulad gadaazrebuli. aseT SemTxvevaSi e. w. 

rombuli Sesityvebebi sityva-statiis bolos aris Tavmoyrili. 

erT statiaSi bevri frazeologiuri gamoTqmis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi 

garkveul sirTuleebs qmnis frazeologizmTa Tanamimdevrobis 

sakiTxic. 

ZiriTadad swored am leqsikografiuli problemebis ga- 

TvaliswinebiT aris ganxiluli moxsenebaSi qeglis sityva-statia 

ena da misi frazeologizmebi. 

sityva ena qeglSi 10 mniSvnelobiTaaa warmodgenili, romlebic, 

Tavis mxriv, 2 jgufad SeiZleba warmovadginoT. erTia 

ena, rogorc adamianis (saerTod, cocxali organizmis) sxeulis 

14 

nawilis aRmniSvneli anatomiuri termini, _ piris RruSi mo- 

Tavsebuli kunTovani organo _ da meore _ azris Camoyalibebisa 

da gagebinebis saSualeba, metyvelebis unari da amavdroulad 

misi produqti. cxadia, meore jgufis mniSvnelobebi pirvelisagan 

momdinareobs, ramdenadac metyvelebis aqtSi erT-er- 

Ti arsebiTi mniSvneloba swored am organos, enas, aqvs, Tanac 

misi monawileoba yvelaze xilulia, ramac uTuod ganapiroba 

metyvelebis procesis, laparakis swored masTan gaigiveba. enis 

calkeuli mniSvnelobebi enasTan, rogorc anatomiur organos- 

Tan, msgavsebiT aris ganpirobebuli. aRsaniSnavia, rom zogierT 

enaSi es ori mniSvneloba sxvadasxva sityviTaa gamoxatuli (inglisuri, 

germanuli, ukrainuli...); qarTulSi (aseve rusulSi, 

frangulSi, italiurSi...) ki es orive ZiriTadi mniSvneloba 

erTi sityviT gadmoicema. 

sityva enasTan dafiqsirebul mravalricxovan frazeologiur 

gamoTqmaTa umravlesobaSi wamyvan sityvad, gamoTqmis 

birTvad enaa warmodgenili, radganac gamoTqmis metaforuloba 

swored am sityvasTanaa dakavSirebuli. aseTebia: enaze Wa- 

li ar moede 

deba 

ba, enas Seub 

ubru 

runebs 

nebs, ena eyla 

lape 

peba 

ba, enas ver ab- 

runebs 

da sxv. frazeologizmTa mcire nawilisaTvis ena araa 

miCneuli wamyvan sityvad da gamoTqmis ganmartebis saxilvelad 

sxva sityva-statiaa miTiTebuli. (Sdr. enad gakre 

krefi 

fili 

_ ix. 

gakrefili; enas gamouyofs 

ix. gamouyofs; enas gascems 

ix. xmas 

gascems). moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia is cvlilebebi, rac am 

TvalsazrisiT wina redaqciasTan SedarebiT ivaraudeba. sagangebodaa 

ganxiluli is frazeologizmebic, romelTa SemadgenlobaSi 

birTvi sityvis gamoyofa Wirs imis gamo, rom frazis 

Semadgeneli komponentebi xatovanebis TvalsazrisiT Tanabari 

Zalisani Canan. 

moxsenebaSi ganxilulia agreTve sinonimuri semantikis 

frazeologizmebis ganTavsebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, 

romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia, erTi mxriv, sinonimuri leqsemebiT 

warmodgenili gamoTqmebi da, meore mxriv, mxolod zmnuri 

formebisa da kategoriebis mixedviT gansxvavebuli Sesityvebebi 

15

(masdaruli, aqtiuri da pasiuri konstruqciebi); amasTanave, 

SemoTavazebulia Sesabamisi rekomendaciebi. 

m a r i n e b e r i Z e , l i a b a k u r a Z e 

fere 

reida 

dani 

_ qarTu 

Tuli lingvo 

gvokul 

kultu 

turu 

ruli sivrcis 

nawi 

wili 

moxseneba eyrdnoba 2008 wlis oqtomber-noembersa da 

2009 wlis TebervalSi iranSi mivlinebis, agreTve fereidnel- 

Ta saqarTveloSi stumrobis dros mopovebul masalas. 

fereidanSi mimdinare yvela socialur-kulturuli Tu 

enobrivi procesi ukve naxevar saukuneze metia Cveni mecnieruli 

Tvalsawieris areSia moqceuli. 

Tuki sxva enobriv kunZulebs da maTi enobrivi adaptaciis 

klasikur suraTs SevadarebT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom fereidnulma 

`yvela rekordi moxsna~ da mxolod meTormete Taobas 

daudga is kritikuli etapi, roca mosalodnelia `mimRebi~ 

enis Zlieri gavlenis Sedegad qarTuli enis poziciebis Seryeva. 

es etapi qarTuli mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis mniSvnelovnad 

gaumjobesebas da sxva Tanamdev socialur momentebs 

ukavSirdeba. Cven vnaxeT araerTi ojaxi, sadac Taobebs Soris 

enobrivi kavSiris gawyvetis realuri safrTxe arsebobs. amas 

mwvaved ganicdian TviT fereidnelebi. Tumca, enobrivi kompetenciis 

klebis ukuproporciulad izrdeba fereidnelTa èTnikuri 

mobilizaciis~ niSnuli. 

eTnikuri mobilizacia Tanamedrove mravalerovani qveynebisTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli mniSvnelovani da rTuli movlenaa da 

dRes mas aTaswleulebis gasayaris ganuyrel niSnad miiCneven. 

eTnikur mobilizacias aRorZinebis anu renesansis badal terminad 

miiCneven da ganmartaven mas, rogorc yvela Zalis mobi- 

16 

lizebas TviTmyofadi da sicocxlisunariani kulturis ganvi- 

TarebisaTvis. eTnikuri mobilizacia maRal nacionalur muxtze 

gawonasworebuli movlenaa da mas xSirad politikuri manipulirebis 

saSualebad iyeneben. eTnikur mobilizacias sWirdeba 

e. w. `lokomotivebi~, romlebsac aseve xSirad xelovnurad 

qmnian xolme. 

fereidanis istoriis bolo ramdenime aTwleuli (romelze 

Tvalis gadevnebac Cven SegviZlia), eTnikuri mobilizaciis 

bunebriv, jgufis SigniT dabadebul da ganviTarebul movlenad 

SeiZleba ganvixiloT. 

xolo is adamianebi, romlebic stiqiurad, yovelgvari Sida 

da gare koordinaciis gareSe tvirTuloben kulturuli 

TviTmyofadobis aRdgenisa da dedakulturasTan reintegraciis 

misias, arian swored eTnikuri mobilizaciisTvis esoden sa- 

Wiro `lokomotivebi~. 

Cven Tvalwin xdeba qarTuli leqsikis `dabruneba~ da am 

procesis koleqtiuri gacnobiereba. 

`kunZuluri dialeqtologiis~ fuZemdebeli v. Jirmunski 

xangrZliv izolaciaSi myof dialeqts èqsperimentul laboratorias~ 

uwodebda. dRemde cnobil aseT laboratoriebSi yvelaze 

ukeTes SemTxvevaSi interferenciis Sedegad warmoqmnili 

pijinebi `miiReboda~. Cven unda gavacnobieroT fereidnulis 

magaliTi, rogorc precedenti, da isic unda gaviazroT, rom 

istoriam, romelmac faqtobrivad damkvirvebeli Tvalis gareSe 

ìmuSava~ am unikalur eqsperimentul laboratoriaSi, Cven 

`dagvavala~ yvelaze sapasuxismgeblo etapis meTvalyureoba da, 

Sesabamisad, masze zegavlenisa da misi marTvis movaleobac dagvakisra. 

moxsenebaSi warmodgenili iqneba didZali masala `fereidnuli~ 

fenomenis ganviTarebis cocxali procesis Sesaswavlad. 

17

S a l v a g a b e s k i r i a 

`sa 

saqar 

qarTve 

Tvelo 

losa 

sa~ da `qar 

qarTve 

Tvelis 

lis~ aRmniS 

mniSvne 

vneli 

aRmosav 

savlu 

luri termi 

minis 

`gur 

gurjis 

jis~ 

warmomav 

mavlo 

lobi 

bisa 

saTvis 

moxsenebaSi sakiTxis dasmis wesiT gamoTqmulia mosazreba 

saqarTvelosa da qarTvelis aRmniSvneli iranuli terminis 

gorjis, romlisganacaa miRebuli arabuli, Turquli, siriuli, 

Zv. rusuli Tu sxva eTnikuri terminebi, eTnonim kolxidan momdinareobis 

Sesaxeb. 

am varaudisTvis gaTvaliswinebulia Semdegi garemoebebi: 

qarTvelebs mravali saukunis manZilze axlo urTierTobebi 

hqondaT iranelebTan. herodotes cnobis Tanaxmad, istoriuli 

kolxeTis samxreT nawilSi mcxovrebi qarTveluri tomebi _ 

mosxebi, tibarenebi, makronebi, mosinikebi da marebi aqemenidebis 

saxelmwifos (Zv. w. 558-330) me-19 satrapiaSi iyvnen gaer- 

Tianebulebi. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom kolxebi iranelTa satrapiebSi ar 

Sedioda, igi valdebuli iyo damxmare jari gamoeyvana da xarki 

gadaexada aqemenidebisTvis. 

aqemenidebis lursmul warwerebSi Zveli iranis dasavle- 

Tis qveynebis siaSi moxseniebulia mačiya, romelsac zogierTi 

iranisti mesxeTTan aigivebs, xolo karkā aseve mkvlevarTa nawilis 

mier kolxeTadaa miCneuli. 

eTnikuri saxelwodeba kolxi kulxa formiT gvxvdeba Zv. w. 

XII s. urartul lursmul warwerebSi, ZvelberZen avtorebTan 

ki Zv. w. VIII s.-dan moyolebuli dasturdeba. 

moxsenebis avtoris azriT, xeTuri teqstebis kaška, gašga 

da sxv., romelsac xeTologebi Cerqezis aRmniSvnel saxelwodeba 

qaSagTan aigiveben, eTnonim kolxis gadmocemaa. SesaZloa, am 

ukanasknels ukavSirdebodes Zveli aRTqmis anTroponimi koraxic 

(dabadeba T. 36, 5, ricxvni T. 16, 1, T. 26, 9 da sxv.) 

l : r monacvleobasTan gvaqvs saqme Zvel berZen avtoreb- 

18 

Tan damowmebul, kolxebis axlo monaTesave, magram sxva tomis 

_ koraqsebis saxelwodebaSi. 

qarTvelebis iranulenovan saymarosTan uSualo kontaqtebze 

metyvelebs rogorc iranuli enebidan qarTvelur enebSi 

Semosuli leqsika, aseve qarTveluri enebidan sparsul enaSi 

damkvidrebuli qarTvelizmebi, romelTa Sorisac aris dasavlur-qarTuli 

leqsikuri elementebic: qarT. pilenZ-i : zan. 

*pirinj-i > sp. birinj ìd~, zan. oxor-i (`saxli~) > sp. axor `sajinibo~, 

qarT. beRel-i: zan. baRil-i (Sdr. megr. obaRile `sasimindes 

kalaTa~, `godori~ > sp. b‰Ril `beReli~. 

eTnikuri saxelwodeba: kolx- /*korx-/*kork sparsulSi yru 

Tanxmovnebis gamJRerebiT mogvcemda gorg-s, romlisganac 

warmomavlobis sufiqsis darTviTaa miRebuli gorji. am ukanasknelis 

dialeqtur nairsaxeobas unda warmoadgendes gorzi/gurzi 

(Sdr. Zv. rusuli gurzi `qarTveli~). 

am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos 

saxelwodeba abx‰zi XI-XII ss. sparsul teqstebSi `saqarTvelos~ 

aRniSnavs, romelic Cveni qveynisa da mis mcxovrebTa aRsaniSnavad 

iseT terminTa paralelurad ixmareboda sparsulSi, 

rogoricaa `gurj~, `jurj~ da sxva (g. beraZe). 

imis gamo, rom arabulSi g Tanxmovani ar aris, sparsulidan 

Sesuli qarTvelis aRmniSvneli yvelaze gavrcelebuli krebiTi 

saxeli al-qurj formiTaa damkvidrebuli am enaSi. 

aseve sparsuli enis gorji aris qarTvelis aRsaniSnavad 

amosavali Turquli enisTvis, romlis adreul periodSi gansaxilveli 

eTnonimi kanonzomierad gurjis (gürci) formiT, xolo 

Semdeg Turquli enis fonetikisTvis damaxasiaTebeli, e. w. 

xmovanTharmoniis kanonis Tanaxmad g‘rj‘ (gürcü) saxe miiRo, 

xolo saqarTvelos aRmniSvnelad amJamad ufro Gürcistan formas 

eniWeba upiratesoba. 

19

e l e n e g i u n a S v i l i 

termin 

àz 

azna 

nauris 

ris" isto 

tori 

riisa 

saTvis qarTul 

Tulsa da 

sparsul sul wyaro 

roeb 

ebSi 

islamamdeli iranisa da saqarTvelos kulturul-istoriul 

urTierTobebs mravalsaukunovani tradicia aqvs. es kontaqtebi 

gansakuTrebiT intensiuri xdeba sasanelTa epoqaSi (III- 

VII ss. Cv. w.). 

Cvenamde moRweuli naratiuli, epigrafikuli da arqeologiuri 

monacemebi cxadyofs sasanuri iranis Rrma gavlenebs 

qarTul civilizaciaze. 

am TvalsazrisiT metad mniSvnelovania sasanelTa oficialuri, 

religiuri da saliteraturo enis gavrceleba saqarTveloSi. 

uZveles qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSi gamovlenilia sa- 

Sualo sparsuli leqsikis mravalricxovani da mravalferovani 

nimuSebi, romlebic SeTvisebuli iyo am intensiuri kontaqtebis 

Sedegad wignuri an zepiri gziT. 

iranul-qarTuli urTierTobis Sesaswavlad didi mniSvneloba 

aqvs V-VI saukuneebis qarTul agiografiul Txzulebebs, 

gansakuTrebiT iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wamebas~. am Zegl- 

Si gvxvdeba mravali sayuradRebo cnoba qarTlSi Seqmnili istoriul-religiuri 

viTarebis Sesaxeb, agreTve damowmebulia 

metad saintereso socialuri da religiuri terminebi. 

àznauri~, romelic Tavdapirvelad swored am ZeglSi 

gvxvdeba, gamoyenebulia `Tavisufalis, keTilSobilis, didgvarovanis~ 

gagebiT (Sdr. bibliis qarTul TargmanebSi `gan-aznaur-eba~ 

`ganTavisufleba~). qarTuli Zegli mowmobs, rom im 

epoqaSi ukve arsebobda aznaurTa dayofa, maT Soris gamoiyofa 

priviligirebuli fena _ àznaurni did-didni~ da maTi meuRleni 

`zepurni dedani~. Sdr. agreTve ùazno~ _ araTavisufali, 

aradidgvarovani, e. i. mdabio. 

àznauri~ sasanuri socialuri terminia da misi amosavali 

formaa saSualo sparsuli āznāwar `didgvarovani~, romelic 

20 

dasturdeba zoroastruli literaturis erT-erT nimuSSi. 

qarTveli mecnierebi (m. andronikaSvili, T. CxeiZe) qar- 

Tul àznaur~-sa da mis Sesabamis somxur azniu, azniv-s `warCinebuli, 

didgvarovani~ (Sdr. aseve somxuri azn- `tomi, gvari, Taoba~) 

ganixilavdnen momdinare iranuli *ā-znā-dan, `cnobili, 

didebuli, didgvarovani~ ( zmnuri Ziri znā-`codna~). 

xolo h. beili qarTulsa da somxur formebs ukavSirebda 

iranul *āznābara-s _ `keTilSobili~, sadac amosavali Ziria 

zan-:zn „dabadeba, Soba~. beilis TvalsazrisiT, es forma 

qarTulidan iyo SeTvisebuli osurSi, svanursa da somxurSi 

(aznavor). 

sagulisxmoa, rom iranul enebSi da sakuTriv sparsuli 

enis istoriis Semdgom etapebze es forma aRar gvxvdeba. 

XVI-XVIII saukuneebis sparsul istoriul sabuTebSi, romlebic 

daculia saqarTvelos siZveleTsacavebSi, dasturdeba 

qarTveli didgvarovnis aRmniSvneli termini aznavar. sparseli 

mwignobrebi mas ganmartaven, rogorc `mamacs, mebrZols, Zlevamosils~ 

da qarTulidan SeTvisebulad miiCneven. 

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia am terminis distribuciuli 

analizi qarTul-sparsuli wyaroebis mixedviT, kulturul-istoriuli 

mimarTebaTa Suqze. 

g i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l i 

Tana 

named 

medro 

rove qarTu 

Tuli sali 

lite 

tera 

ratu 

turo enis 

norme 

mebi da realu 

luri enobri 

rivi viTa 

Tare 

reba 

Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo enis normaTa dadgena 

gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi iRebs saTaves. 30-ian wlebSi 

gamoica normebis mcire krebuli; 40-ian wlebSi _ saskolo 

orTografiuli leqsikonebi. `Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo 

enis normebis~ pirveli soliduri krebuli gamoqveynda 

21

1970 wels, romlis fototipuri gamocema ganxorcielda 1986 

wels. am krebulis gamocemamdec da Semdegac yvela orTografiuli 

cnobari, qarTuli enis yvela praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo 

wesiT unda daemyaros swored am normebs, radgan `saxelmwifo 

komisiis mier damtkicebuli normebi savaldebulod iTvleba. 

ùmTavresi normebis miRebidan gavida TiTqmis erTi saukune 

da zog SemTxve 

mTxveva 

vaSi realu 

luri enobri 

rivi 

viTa 

Tare 

reba sakma 

kma- 

od daSor 

Sorda dadge 

dgenil normebs 

mebs. anu: Seicvala realuri enobrivi 

viTareba, xolo normaTa cvla amis Sesabamisad ar momxdara. 

warmoiqmna Seusabamoba normasa da realur enobriv viTarebas 

Soris. konkretuli magaliTebi: 

1. `-me, -ve, -Ra, -Rac(a) nawilakian saxelTa brunebis~ sakiTxebis 

ganxilvisas dasaS 

saSve 

vebad 

aris miCneuli: raRa 

Ramac 

(raRacam), 

rasRac 

Rac, raRa 

Rasac 

(raRacas), radRac 

(raRacad)... ramRa 

(raRam), rasRa 

(raRas), radRa 

(raRad), viRamac 

(viRacam), vis- 

Rac, viRa 

Rasac 

(viRacas), viRa 

Radac 

(viRacad), viRa 

RaTic 

(viRaciT) 

da misTanani. 

2. msazRvrel-sazRvrulis brunvaSi SeTanxmebis sakiTxebis 

ganxilvisas dasaS 

saSve 

vebad 

aris miCneuli: 

ramde 

deni 

nisa 

same 

sityvis, ramde 

deni 

nisa 

same 

sityviT, rome 

meli 

lisa 

same 

mowafis, rome 

meli 

lisa 

same 

mowafiT... aseve: dids saqmes, didis 

dis saqmis, 

dids saqmed, didis 

dis saqmiT... moqme 

qmede 

debiTs 

brunvaSi, pir- 

velads 

partorganizacias... 

erTa 

TaderT 

swor formad 

miiCneva: Cems amxanagad, maTs amxanagad... 

3. h- da s- prefiqsebis xmarebasTan dakavSirebiT normad 

aris miCne 

Cneuli 

li: Sevh 

vhgebebivar, Sevh 

vhbralebivar, gavh 

vhparvivar, mo- 

vhferebivar, davh 

vhqvemdebarebivar, Sevs 

vsdavebivar, avstorRialebivar, 

vswvevivar, Sevs 

vscilebivar, Sevs 

vsWidebivar, Sevs 

vsjavrebivar, mo- 

vhkvdomivar, gavs 

vswyromivar, vhparsav, mivs 

vswer da misTanani. 

am SemTxvevaSi, vfiqrobT, viTarebas ar cvlis SeniSvna: Ì 

subieqturi piris v- prefiqsis momdevno poziciaSi III obieqturi 

piris prefiqsebi h- da s- mainc da mainc gaqrobis tendencias 

iCenen~. 

22 

4. normaTa mixedviT -av 

da -am 

TemisniSnian zmnaTa I 

TurmeobiTis es da msgavsi formebi ùku 

ukugde 

gdebu 

buli 

unda 

iq- 

nes~: vunaxivar, unaxixar, dagimalivar, damimalixar... dauxocia, 

daukecia, gaulesia, gaulewia, daurekia, gauWedia da misTanani... 

am tipis formaTa Sesaxeb bevri Tqmula... 

ra daskvna SeiZleba gakeTdes am msjelobidan? _ Tanamedrove 

qarTuli saliteraturo enis normebi rom qarTuli enis 

Tanamedrove realur viTarebasTan SesabamisobaSi movides, aucilebelia 

koreqtivebi iqnes Setanili ukve arsebul normebSi 

da es koreqtirebuli normebi gamoices, rogorc ZiriTadi sayrdeni 

orTografiuli cnobarebisa Tu praqtikuli gramatikebisaTvis; 

saxelmZRvanelo _ swori qarTuliT saubris msurvelTaTvis. 

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi qarTuli saliteraturo 

enis normebi dasaxelebul da msgavs SemTxvevebSi azrs kargavs. 

l e v a n k e l a u r a Z e 

qarTve 

Tvelur 

lur-bu 

buru 

ruSul 

Sul-bas 

basku 

kuri saer 

erTo leqsi 

siki 

kida 

dan. I 

(mi 

miwaT 

waTmoq 

moqme 

mede 

deba 

ba, mesa 

saqon 

qonle 

leoba 

ba) 

*bak’- `saqonlis sadgomi~ 

s.-qarTv. *bak-//*bag- > qarT. bak-i `saqonlis sadgomi, irgvliv 

mozRuduli, usaxuravo~; qarT. bag-a `gomi~; zan. (megr.) 

bog-a `boseli, xis iatakiani sadgomi pirutyvisaTvis~, (laz.) 

bog-a `gomi~; svan. bag `gomi~ : bur. bákur `patara gadaxuruli 

baki~ (?) : bask. (g.) baka àrenis gverdze SemoRobili adgili 

koridaSi monawile xarebisaTvis~; 

Sdr.: Sum. pag, bag `damwyvdeva; galiaSi Casma~; 

*bex- `dedali Sinauri cxoveli~ 

s.-qarTv. *bex- > qarT. (qarTl., fS., mTiul.) bex-i `bexreki, 

Zalian daberebuli saqoneli~; [zan. (megr.)] qarT. (gur., 

23

imer., leCx.) bax-i ùvargisi, Zlier gamxdari cxeni~, zan. (laz.) 

bax-i àvadmyofi~; svan. bex `1. dedali cxvari; (Cbx., lntx.) ji- 

Siani, diddumiani cxvari, nerbi; 2. (lSx.) bex `gadaberebuli, 

jaglagi cxeni~ : bur. (i.) behe `dedali (saWmelad dauSvebeli 

cxovelebis)~ : bask. behi, bei `Zroxa~, behor `faSati, Waki~ < s.- 

bask. *beh-; 

*boč//*poč-... `xbo~ 

s.-qarTv. *boC//*buC-... > qarT. boC-ol-a, boC-ik-a `xbo~, 

(qiz.) buC-in-a `zaqi wlamde~, (mesx.) fuC-v-e, (qarTl., qiziy.) 

fuC-in-a `xbo~, (mTiul.) fuCino-fuCino `xbos mosaxmobi SeZaxili~ 

: bur. (h., n.) buṣóoṣo, mr. buṣóanc `xbo~, bóšo, bóšto `xbos 

daZaxeba~, (i.) boṣo `xbo~ : bask. potxo, potx, pots, botxe, putxo, putxu, 

putxe `CoCoris, kvicis, viris, Zroxis mosaxmobi SeZaxili; CoCori, 

kvici~, putxiko `1. CoCoris mosaxmobi SesaZili; 2. cxvari an 

boCola~; 

*bot’- `vaci~ 

s.-qarTv. *bot- > qarT. bot-i (saba) `Txis erkemali 

(=mnerbavi cxovari)~; zan. (megr.) bet-ar-i `daukodavi vaci~; 

svan. (bz., bq.) bota, (lSx., lnt.) bot `vaci~ : bur. butár èrT 

wlamde asakis vaci~; 

*bul- `bululi~ 

s.-qarTv. *bul- > qarT. bul-ul-i (qarTl., raW., gudamayr.) 

`Tivis an gaTibuli puris patara zvini~; (n. Cubin, d. 

Cubin.) `Tivis xeleuli, копна сена~; (qiziy.) bul-ul-a `fiwliT 

aRebuli Tivis Talami (=erT jerze asaRebi Tiva)~ : bur. búuỵo 

`xorbleulis an Tivis patara zvini~ : bask. buio, buiu `xorblis 

da Calis narCeni; ganiavebis Semdeg darCenili xorbali~, bulia, 

bilia `bze, Celxi; nagerali~; 

*gal-//*gan- `dawnuli xili an bostneuli Sesanaxad~ 

s.-qarTv. *gal- > qarT. gal-a (saba) `mxali dawnuli gasaƒmoblad~, 

(qiziy., kax., mesx., TuS.) `dawnuli xaxvi, Rolo da 

sxv. daaxloebiT 1-2 m. sigrZisa, garingaze gadahkideben da sazamTrod 

inaxaven...; Zafze asxmuli da wredSekruli xmeleuli: 

Ciri, mwvanili, mZivi da misT.~ : bur. gan `bostneulis gamxmari 

da dawnuli foTlebi Sesanaxad; nawnavi; dawnuli Toki~, ɣáan 

`xili, xaxvi da misT., Tokze asxmuli da gasaxmobad Camokidebuli~; 

gal `dakiduli xidi (Tokis)~. 

mniSvnelobaTa _ `dawnuli~ da `Tokis xidi~ _ dakavSirebisaTvis 

Sdr.: megr. bond-i `dawnuli; dakiduli dawnuli 

xidi~ (< s.-qarTv. *band-); 

*dol-//*dor `rqamokle Sinauri cxoveli~ 

s.-qarTv. *dol-//*dor- > qarT. dol-a (saba) `rqamokle~, 

(fS., xevs., gur.) ùrqo Zroxa an pirutyvi saerTod~, (mesx.) 

dol-ok-a `patara rqa msxvilfexa saqonlisa~, (xevs.) dor-ia 

ùrqo cxoveli~, dul-i-a (gur.) `rqamotexili xari~, (S. futkaraZe, 

`Cveneburebis qarTuli~) dol-ia ùrqo pirutyvi (Txa, 

cxvari, Zroxa)~; zan. (megr.) dulu, duru, tulu ùrqo an Zalian 

moklerqiani cxoveli (Zroxa, Txa...)~ : bur. ḍor `moklerqiani 

verZi~; 

*thew- `cxvris sadgomi~ 

s.-qarTv. *TeE- > qarT. (gud., mT., mox., fS., TuS., 

qarTl.) Teo, Teo- àdgili cxvris binis ganapiras; sayaraulo 

adgili cxvris farasTan; cxvris binis garSemo alagi, sadac 

ZaRlebi darajoben~, Sdr. agreTve: (mT. _ SaniZe) Tevaze gavida 

= Teoze gavida; zan. (megr.) Tib-i àdgili, sadac cxvari idga~, 

Tifu `Teo~, THfH `1. RamiT saqonlis sadgomi (gasaCerebeli 

adgili); 2. gadmocemiT melogines (qals) Tavisi sadgomi kuTxe 

(adgili) hqonda~ : bask. tai `cxvris bina qoxis gverdze~; 

24 

25

26 

*ther- `Troba~ 

s.-qarTv. *Tar- > qarT. Tr-ob-a, Tr-v-a, m-Tr-v-al-i, da-vi-TEer; 

svan. li-Tr-e `sma~ : bask. (s.) tarro `Troba~; 

*kʼab-//*gab- `yba; lagami; aRviri~ 

s.-qarTv. *kap-//*yab-//*Rab-... > qarT. ni-kap-i; svan. kap-r-, 

ni-kp-a `nikapi~; qarT. yb-a; svan. hç-yb-a `loya; yba~, yab `wveri~; 

Sdr.: qarT. (saba) a-yaf-i, ali-kap-i `xis aRviri~, (d. Cubin.) 

a-kap-i, a-kaf-i ìd.~; agreTve: (TuS.) Rab-iS-i `ybedi, xumara~; 

(aWar.) Rab-u-a `ybayura~, (d. Cubin.) Rap-i `nikapi~ : bur. gabí, 

(n.) ɣábi `lagami~ 

Sdr.: Sum. kab `lagami; aRviri~. 

`ybisa~ da `lagmis~ mniSvnelobaTa dakavSirebisaTvis 

Sdr.: germ. Gebiss `yba; lagami~; 

*mel- `Zna, zvini~ 

s.-qarTv. *mel- > qarT. (saba) mel-eul-i `fetvis Zneuli~, 

(mT., gud. _ SaniZe) mel-aur-i èrTad moquCebuli Znebi~ : 

bur. máal `3-4 Znisgan Semdgari zvini~; 

*nal-//*nar- ùReli; marxili; saTari~ 

s.-qarTv. *nal- > qarT. nal-o (saba) èse ars etlis magier 

zamTar sajdomi, uTvalo marƒiliviT Tovlze saTrevi~; (n. 

Cubin.) `marxiliviT Tovlzed saTreveli zamTar sajdomi; saTari, 

moWrili xe uremTa da marxilTa zeda mobmuli tyidam mosaTrevad~, 

(d. Cubin.) `marxiliviT Tovlzed saTreveli zam- 

TarSi sajdomi, салазки; saTari, moWrili xe uremTa da marxil- 

Ta zeda mobmuli tyidam mosaTreveli, отрубленное дерево, брус~; 

(qegl) `1. uRliT moTreuli didi mori; 2. urmis boloSi 

gamobmuli fiCxis didi kona an xe, romelic miwaze eTreva da 

anelebs daRmarTze urmis svlas~; (a. Rl.) `boloTria = Znis 

sazidi saTrevela uremi~; nal-i (d. Cubin.) `saTxepeli, sa- 

rTxmeli (= брус, положенный в каменной кладке для крепости), Zeli 

kedelSi datanebuli~; (qiziy.) `qvis kedelSi datanebuli sqeli 

ficari an Txeli koWi, rom kedeli gadaabas, Sekras da ar 

gaibzaros~ : bur. nal (i.) ùReli; wyvili xari~, (h., n.) `wyvili, 

uReli xari~; náal `Tanamgzavri, TanamebrZoli; wyvilidan erTerTi; 

(polos TamaSisas) metoqe an partniori~, nalaá èrTad, 

erTdroulad~ : bask. narra, nar, naarra, naar `marxili, saTari; xe, 

romliTac Tivas, fiCxs da misT. aTreven; xe, romelic urems 

uknidan ebmeba da muxruWis funqcias asrulebs; Treva~; 

`saTarisa~ da ùRlis~ mniSvnelobaTa dakavSirebisaTvis 

Sdr.: lab-e (mT. _ SaniZe) `saTari~ _ lab-a (d. Cubin.) ùReli 

xarTa~; ar aris gamoricxuli, am formebs ukavSirdebodes 

svan. li-lab-e `datvirTva~; 

*naqʼ- `nayva~ 

s.-qarTv. *nay-//*nax- > qarT. nay-v-a, (qiziy.) nay-i-nuy-i `nayinuyiT 

laparaki = ugulod, nawyvet-nawyvet laparaki~; svan. 

li-ny-aE-al, li-nay-aE-@l `saubari, maslaaTi~ : bask. nahasi, nahastu 

àreva, Sereva; wyalSi gazaveba; Sednoba~; 

Sdr.: Sum. naĝa `qva-sanayi; dafqva, nayva~ 

*parcx- `farcxi~ 

s.-qarTv. *farcx- > qarT. farcx-i ìaraRi xnulis beltis 

dasaSlelad, miwis gasafxviereblad~; zan. (megr.) bucx-a/bircxa 

`frCxili~, (laz.) bucx-a `frCxili, focxi~; svan. la-f@cx-ir, 

la-fcx-ir... `focxi~, na-facx, na-facx-E..~nafarcxi~ : bur. 

phask `farcxi~; 

*phač̣-//phatʼ- `nawuri, narCeni (cvilis, yurZnis), naleqi~ 

s.-qarTv. *faW-//*fat-... > qarT. (saba) faW-a `cÂlis nawuri~, 

fit-i `Taflis naCenCi~, (n. Cub., d. Cub.) faWa, fiWi, fiti 

`Taflis CenCo an gadaumdnari sanTlis naZirali~, fit-i 

(qegl) `Taflgamoclili fiWa~, (qarTl.) fat-e ùwvno xili~ 

27

(Sdr.: zan. (megr.) ( qarT. (xevs., fS., mox.) Se `saukeTeso matylisgan 

damzadebuli magari Zafi~ : bur. še `matyli~; 

*čekʼ- `Toxi, barula~ 

s.-qarTv. *Cek- > qarT. Cek-i (saba) `cecxlis saCxrekeli~, 

(Tian.) `barula, patara barisebri iaraRi~, (qarTl., mesx., qiziy., 

mTiul., mox.) `saxnisis safxeki joki, guTnis safxeki; cecxlis 

saCxrekeli, naxSiris gamosaxveti~, (z. imer.) Cek-o Toxi 

`patara Toxi~, (qsnis xeob., mox.) Cek-va `saris, Wigos wveris 

waTla~, (raW.) Ca-Cek-va `naxnavSi beltebis Cakuwva-dawvrileba~....; 

zan. (megr.) go-Cak-u-a `gaCekva, Cartyma~ : bur. čak `Toxi, 

Toxweraqvi; Toxna, Cexva~, čakčak `miwis gafxviereba~, čake ustaat 

`durgali~, čhíkin, čhíki, čhíkum `TavTavebis, xis totebis moWra, 

xis kenweros gadabelva~ da sxv.; 

*čorth- `cxenis sirbili~ 

s.-qarTv. *Co(r)T- > qarT. CorT-i `cxenis sirbili, roca 

fexebs ise adgams, rogorc siarulis dros~ : bur. čhotiŋ et- 

`cxenis swrafi Weneba, navardi~; 

cvali; fetvi~, Cxvara Wuki `mefetvie Tagvi~, (laz.) Cxvar-i, 

mCxvar-i `Romi~ : bur. čha `fetvi~; 

*čịškh- `marcvleulis saxeoba (Svria?)~ 

s.-qarTv. *WiSq-> qarT. (xevs.) WiSq-en-i `Cveulebrivi 

Svria~: bur. čiiski (baru) `tkbili wiwibura~; 

*qar- `xari; xvna~ 

s.-qarTv. *ƒar-//*ƒan- > qarT. ƒar-i; xar-i; zan. (megr.) xoji, 

(laz.) xoj-i `xari~; qarT. mo-v-ƒan; zan. (megr.) xon-u-a `xvna~, 

(laz.) f-xon-i `movxani~; svan. ƒçn `xari~, a-ƒçn `moxna~, 

a-ƒan `moxani~ : bur. har `xari~, (i.) har- `xvna~ : bask. ar, (sporadulad) 

har `xvadi~; 

*ǯal- èkliani Robe~ 

s.-qarTv. *jal- > qarT. jalj-i (n. Cubin.) `mokafuli ekali 

konebad Sekruli~, (d. Cubin.) `mokrefili ekali konebad Sekruli~; 

(qarTl.) sa-jalj-e àdgili WalaSi, sadac sagangebod 

axareben eklian buCqnars (qacvisas, askilisas, CitavaSlasas, ZeZvisas), 

rom Semdeg aCexon da jalji daamzadon~; jarj-i (T., fS. 

a. SaniZe) `konad Sekruli jagi RobisTvis~, (qsnis xeob.) `Sesa- 

Robad moWrili foTlovani xis totebi, wneli~, (imer.) jarjul-i 

`Robe, romelsac walmisgan gakeTebuli Tavsaxuravi aqvs 

wvimisagan dasafaravad~ : bur. ǯaỵoo èkliani Robe mindvrebsa 

da baRebSi~ 

qarTuli jalj- amosavali *jal- Ziris reduplikaciiT mi- 

Rebuli *jal-jal- formidan unda momdinareobdes. 

*čxa - `fetvi; Romi~ 

s.-qarTv. *Cxa- > [zan. (megr.)] qarT. (gur., imer., leCx.) 

Cxo-i `gaucexveli Taveli Romisa; Romis marcvali~; zan. (megr.) 

Cxi, CxH `gaucexvavi Romis marcvlebi~, CxiS(i) kakal-i `Romis 

marcvali~, Cxer-i `fetvi~, Cxver-i/e `Romis (RomisRomis) mar- 

28 

29

c i c i n o k v a n t a l i a n i 

enaSi mimdi 

mdina 

nare zogi grama 

mati 

tiku 

kuli 

cvlile 

lebis Sesa 

saxeb 

ena viTardeba da TandaTanobiT, TiTqos SeumCnevlad icvleba, 

rac bunebrivi iyo wlebis win, dRes ukve moZvelebulia 

da sxva formiT gvxvdeba. Cveni valia, propaganda gavuwioT 

sworad werasa da metyvelebas, magram vaRiaroT is cvlilebebic, 

romlebic Cven Tvalwin xdeba da enis ganviTarebis Sedegia. 

dRes es formebi bunebrivia da aSkarad myari pozicia 

ukaviaT dakanonebuli warmoebis gverdiT. 

gvinda or maTganze SevCerdeT. 

1. -av Temis niSani ukve didi xania ifarToebs gamoyenebis 

ares. amJamad ganvixilavT uTemisniSno, arafuZedrekad zmnebs. 

cnobilia, rom -av Temis niSani aucilebelia zmnebSi: re- 

kavs, Tesavs 

savs, recxavs 

cxavs, bertyavs 

tyavs, wewavs 

wavs, xocavs 

cavs, magram aqve 

aris gavrcelebuli amgvari zmnebis nawili, romlebTanac miu- 

Rebelia -av Temis niSnis gamoyeneba. aseTebia: texs, Cexs, kvecs, 

CeCs, iCeCs, iReRs, xeTqs, yefs, Weqs, xvews, kveTs. amitom 

dRes umarTebulo formebad miiCneva maTi -av TemisniSniani 

warmoeba. am zmnebis didi nawili, marTlac, ar iTxovs -av Temis 

niSnis darTvas da sxvadasxva mwkrivis formebSic naTlad 

Cans: kveTs _ gadakveTs 

_ gadauk 

ukve 

veTia 

Sdr. quCis gadakve 

kveTa 

Ta; 

yefs _ daiyefs 

_ dauye 

yefia 

fia, Sdr. yefa 

fa; Weqs, _ daiWeqs 

Weqs, dauWe 

Weqia 

qia, Sdr. Weqa 

qa-qu 

quxi 

xili 

li. 

amaTgan gansxvavebiT, aris zmnebi, romlebic, faqtobrivad, - 

av TemisniSnianad SeiZleba miviCnioT. dRes Temis niSnis gareSe 

maT aravin iyenebs: texavs 

xavs, Cexavs 

xavs, CeCavs 

Cavs, iCeCavs 

Cavs, iReRavs 

Ravs. 

Tuki es zmnebi SeiZleba -av TemisniSnianebad miviCnioT, 

Temis niSnis kvali unda gamoCndes masdarSi. marTlac, aris kidec 

gavrcelebuli es formebi: tex-av 

av-s _ tex-v-a, Cex-av 

av-s _ 

Cex-v-a, CeC-av 

av-s _ CeC-v-a, iCeC-av 

av-s _ a-CeC 

CeC-v-a, iReR-av 

av-s, moi- 

ReR-avs 

_ moReR 

ReR-v-a. 

30 

vfiqrobT, marTebulad SeiZleba miviCnioT -av TemisniSniani 

formebi da am zmnebSic da masdarebSic davuSvaT maTi paraleluri 

warmoeba: tex-s || tex-av 

av-s, tex-a || tex-v-a; Cex-s || Cex-av 

avs, 

Cex-a || Cex-v-a; iCeC-s || iCeC-av 

av-s, aCeC-a || aCeC-v-a; CeC-s || CeC-av 

avs, 

CeC-a || CeC-v-a; moiReR 

ReR-s || moiReR 

ReR-av 

av-s, moReR 

ReR-a || moReR 

ReR-v-a. 

2. aqve gvinda SevexoT meore sakiTxsac _ Sedgenili Semasmenlis 

mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebas. cnobilia, rom Tu Sedgenili 

Semasmenlis saxeladi nawili mimReobiT aris gadmocemuli, 

es mimReoba mxolobiTi ricxvis formiT ixmareba. es exeba _ 

ebiani mravlobiTis warmoebas, Torem narTanian mravlobiTSi Se- 

Tanxmeba dasaSvebia, e. i. swori warmoebaa. isini kmayo 

yofi 

fili iy- 

vnen, aRfrTo 

frTova 

vane 

nebu 

buli iqne 

nebi 

bian 

an, gaxa 

xare 

rebu 

buli ari 

a 

rian 

an. 

Sesabamisad, nariani mravlobiTi: kmayo 

yofil 

filni 

iyvnen 

vnen, aR- 

frTova 

vane 

nebul 

bulni 

iqne 

nebi 

bian 

an, gaxa 

xare 

rebul 

bulni 

arian 

an. 

vfiqrobT, aseT SemTxvevebSi ebiani mravlobiTis formebic 

SeiZleba marTebulad miviCnioT. faqtobrivad, ukve asec 

aris damkvidrebuli. dRevandeli viTareba gviCvenebs, rom ukve 

bunebrivad JRers: aRfrTo 

frTova 

vane 

nebu 

bule 

lebi 

iqne 

nebi 

bian 

an, kmayo 

yofi 

file 

lebi 

iyvnen 

vnen, gaxa 

xare 

rebu 

bule 

lebi 

arian 

an. Cveni azriT, ebiani da narTaniani 

mravlobiTis formebs Soris aranairi gansxvaveba ar aris. TiTqmis 

identuri suraTia. amitom dasaSvebad migvaCnia maTi paraleluri 

warmoeba. 

r o m a n l o l u a 

SeniS 

niSvne 

vnebi kavka 

kasi 

siis is alba 

banu 

nuri fono 

nolo 

logi 

giuri 

siste 

temis Sesa 

saxeb 

I. vo ka lizmi 

2009 wels gamoqveKnda i. gipertis, v. Sulces, z. aleqsiZisa 

da j.-p. maes monografia ~The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mt. 

Sinai”, romelic sinas mTaze mdebare wm. ekaterines monasterSi 

aGmoCenili albanur-qarTuli palimfsestebis (N/Sin 13 da N/Sin 

31

55) vizualur masalasa da gamokvlevas Seicavs. monografiaSi 

warmodgenilia kavkasiis albanuri enis gramatikuli mimoxilvac 

(II seqcia), romlis garkveuli nawili fonologiuri sistemis 

aGwerasa da rekonstruqcias eTmoba (II-1_II-20). 

miuxedavad naSromis mravali Girsebisa, kavkasiis albanuri 

enis fonologiuri sistemis zogierTi sakiTxi, Cveni azriT, 

dazustebas sayiroebs, rac gansakuTrebiT vokalizmze iTqmis. 

II seqciis avtorTa (i. giperti da v. Sulce) azriT, kavkasiis 

albanurSi 7 xmovani gvqonda, maT Soris: 5 martivi xmovani 

(a, e, i, o, u), labializebuli a◦ da palatalizebuli ‘ 

bgera. aGsaniSnavia, rom martivi xmovnebis raoba kavkasiis albanurSi 

cnobili iKo Jer kidev e.w. mingeCauris warweraTa 

aGmoCenis Semdeg (a. abramiani, g. klimovi, s. muraviovi da sxva) 

da aGniSnuli monografia ar warmogvidgens axal Tvalsazriss 

am sakiTxis Sesaxeb. gasarkvevi iKo mxolod meore rigis xmovan- 

Ta fonemuri Girebuleba. 

kavkasiis albanur anbanSi xmovnebisaTvis 6 niSani gvqonda 

(a,␣ e,␣ i,␣ o,␣ E,␣ A), xolo ori xmovani digrafebiT gadmoicemoda 

(ow da Aw). amaTgan, rogorc zemoT aGiniSna, martivi xmovnebis 

raoba dadgenilia, esenia: a (a), e (e), i (i), o (o) da ow␣ 

(u). E grafema e difTongs aGniSnavda, 1 A da Aw niSnebi ki, 

Cveni azriT, faringalizebuli xmovnebis (oɭ da uɭ) aGmniSvnelebi 

unda KofiliKo. 2 amis Sesaxeb metKvelebs is, rom udiur- 

Si am aso-niSnebs, rogorc wesi, SeesatKviseba faringalizebuli 

oɭ da uɭ bgerebi, Sdr.: 

1 

amasTan erTad, E niSani berZnulidan nasesxeb sitKvebSi η-s 

SeesatKviseba, mag.: alElowya (alelua 

alelua) _ άλληλουϊα àliluia~; amEn 

(amen 

amen) _ άµην àmin~ da a.S. i. gipertisa da v. Sulces azriT, E niSani grZeli 

Š xmovnis aGsaniSnavadac unda gamoiKenebodes, rasac ver gaviziarebT. 

2 SesitKvebas `faringalizebuli xmovnebi~ viKenebT pirobiTad. izrdeba 

im mkvlevarTa ricxvi, vinc, g. deetersis msgavsad, faringalizacias ganixilavs 

ara segmentur Tvisebad (xmovnisa Tu Tanxmovnisa), aramed prosodiis Tvisebad. 

32 

kavk. alba 

banu 

nuri 

tAxan␣(To 

Toɭx{ɭ}an 

an) `leGvis xe~ 

A␣(to 

toɭ) `mxare~ 

Awq (uɭx{ɭ}) èqvsi~ 

vAwġ␣(vu 

vuɭG{ɭ}) `Svidi~ 

mAwġ␣(mu 

muɭG{ɭ}) `rva~ 

udiuri 

To{ɭ}xɭan 

ìd~ 

to{ɭ}Gɭ ìd~ 

u{ɭ}ƒɭ ìd~ 

vu{ɭ}Gɭ ìd~ 

mu{ɭ}Gɭ ìd~ 

unda aGiniSnos, rom A da Aw aso-bgerebs udiurSi SeiZleba 

sxva refleqsebi hqondes: A aso-niSans zogJer arafaringalizebuli 

o bgera SeesatKviseba, mag.: A (K{ɭ}oɭ) òci~ _ ud. 

Ko ìd~... Aw digrafs ki udiurSi SeiZleba SeesatKvisebodes 

rogorc arafaringalizebuli u bgera, aseve faringalizebuli 

iɭ (niJ. ˆɭ), mag., hAw (hu 

huɭk) `guli~ _ ud. uk ìd~; Aw␣(K{ɭ}uɭ) 

`SiSi~ _ ud. Kɭi{ɭ} (varT.)//Kɭˆ{ɭ} (niJ.) ìd~... miuxedavad amisa, 

ar gvaqvs araviTari safuZveli miviCnioT, rom es aso-niSnebi 

labializebul a◦-sa da palatalizebul ‘ bgeras aGniSnavda. 

A niSans udiurSi, rogorc wesi, a bgera ar SeesatKviseba, xolo 

Aw digrafis erT-erTi SesaZlo refleqsi iɭ//ˆɭ _ u bgerisa 

da e.w. iracionaluris xSiri monacvleobiT unda aixsnas 

da ara palatalizebuli ‘ bgeris arsebobiT kavkasiis albanurSi. 

amasTan erTad, labializebuli da palatalizebuli 

xmovnebi, i. gipertisa da v. Sulces azriT, TiTo-TiTo wevri- 

Taa warmodgenili da ver qmnian mwKobr sistemas. 

`faringalizebuli xmovnebi~ kavkasiis albanurSi ki, Cveni 

azriT, piriqiT, mwKobri saxiT gvxvdeba _ a, i da e bgerebis 

faringalizebuli variantebi. grafemaTa kompleqsebiTaa gadmocemuli: 

ȥa␣aɭ, ȥe eɭ, ȥi iɭ; mag.: vȥan (v{ɭ}aɭn) `Tqven~ _ ud. vaɭn 

ìd~; ȥavan (k{ɭ}aɭvan 

van) ùdabno~ _ ud. Kɭa{ɭ}van 

`mindori~; 

bȥeġ (b{ɭ}eɭG{ɭ}) `mze~ _ ud. be{ɭ}Gɭ ìd~; bȥefi (b{ɭ}eɭ†i) `Tqveni~ 

_ ud. (eɭ†i) ìd~; ȥimowx ({ɭ}iɭmux 

mux) `Kurebi~ _ ud. (iɭmux 

mux) 

ìd~... grafikuli kombinaciebi ɊA ({ɭ}oɭ) da ɊAw␣({ɭ}uɭ), iSviaTi 

gamonaklisis garda, ar gvxvdeba. 

saKuradGeboa A da Aw xmovanTa monacvleobis SemTxvevebi, 

riTac aseve dasturdeba, rom saqme gvaqvs ara labialize- 

33

ul an palatalizebul xmovnebTan, aramed faringalizebuli 

rigis xmovnebTan, mag.: ȥa (p{ɭ}aɭ) òri~ (Sdr. ud. paɭ ìd~) _ 

Amown (po 

poɭmun 

< *po 

poɭ-om 

om-un 

< *pa 

paɭ-om 

om-un 

un) ìsev~, `sxva~ (zedmiw. 

`meoreJer~ [GEN?])... 

amrigad, kavkasiis albanuri enis xmovanTa sistema aseTi 

saxiT warmogvidgeba: 

martivi a␣␣␣␣a e␣␣␣e i␣␣␣␣␣i o␣␣o ow␣␣u E␣␣␣␣e 

faringalizebuli ȥa␣ aɭ ȥe eɭ ȥi iɭ A␣␣oɭˤ Aw uɭˤ 

q e T e v a n m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i 

I Sede 

dego 

gobi 

biTis upre 

rever 

verbo forma 

maTa ori saxe 

xeoba svanur 

enaSi 

da maTi mimar 

marTe 

Teba qarTu 

Tulis mona 

nace 

cemeb 

mebTan 

svanur enaSi I SedegobiTSi (namyosrulSi), romelic qar- 

Tulis I TurmeobiTis badal mwkrivad iTvleba, misgan gansxvavebuli 

garemoebebi iCens Tavs; 

qarTul enaSi I TurmeobiTis preverbiani Tu upreverbo 

forma, `Turmes~ gagebis Semcveli konteqstis garda, funqciurad 

gamoiyeneba nanaxi moqmedebis an situaciis aRweris SemTxvevaSic: 

ès namcxvari me ar SemiWamia~, `bevri wigni wamiki- 

Txavs~ da sxv. svanur 

nurSi I Sede 

dego 

gobi 

biTis prever 

verbi 

biani forma 

funqci 

qciura 

radac ki veraf 

rafriT riT iTavsebs naxu 

xuli moqme 

qmede 

debis se- 

manti 

tikas 

kas; winadadeba: al namcxvar mi mêm m 

m lðmma 

mmama 

ma (ès namcxvari 

me ar SemiWamia~) _ gulisxmobs, rom mTqmeli saubrobs iseT 

situaciaze, romelic mas ar axsovs an, a. SaniZis terminologiiT, 

ùcnobel~ mdgomareobaSi yofila; sxva situaciiis (moqmedebis 

unaxavi aqtis) gamosaxatvad aRniSnuli formis gamoyenebis 

SemTxvevaSi stilu 

lurad gaumar 

marTav 

Tav, atro 

rofi 

fire 

rebul wina 

nada 

da- 

debas mivi 

viRebT 

RebT. 

1. svanur 

nurSi I Sede 

dego 

gobi 

biTis upre 

rever 

verbo forme 

mebis ori sa- 

xeoba gvaqvs: 

34 

a) qarTu 

Tuli 

lise 

sebu 

buri 

_ oden -a-su 

sufiq 

fiqsi 

siani da b) b 

sakuT 

kuTriv sva- 

nuri 

_ -en 

en- sufiq 

fiqsiT garTu 

Tule 

lebu 

buli 

li; ukanasknelSi situacia 

icvleba anlautSic: sasxviso qcevis -o-Øs nacvlad gamovlindeba 

sazedaos -a- (xoS 

xoSxba 

xba _ xaSxbŠna 

ùkeravs mas is~) amgvarad, 

aSkaraa, rom erTi mwkrivis es upreverbo formebi sxvadasxva 

warmoebisaa. gansxvavebulia maTi semantikac; 

svanuri oden -a- sufiqsiani I SedegobiTis formebis mniSvneloba 

Taviseburia: es aris eqsperienciuli perfeqti, romelic 

upirvelesad gamoxatavs, rom moqmedeba moxda Tundac er- 

Txel an saerTod ar momxdara; ase rom, am formebSi upreverboba 

usrul aspeqts ver ganapirobebs; svanuris saanalizo 

formebi dasrulebul moqmedebasac gamoxataven: xoma 

_ uWamia 

(=~aqvs naWami~); rac mTavaria, isini 

araso 

sodes aRni 

niSa 

Saven unaxav 

moqme 

qmede 

debas 

(qarTulis Sesabamisi formebisgan gansxvavebiT). Tu 

konteqstSi vgulisxmobT, `Turme uWamia~, `Turme uweria~ da 

a. S. _ svanurSi upreverbo oden -a-sufiqsiani formebi ar 

gamogvadgeba; magaliTad, `[Turme] sonias sabnebi arasodes ukeravs~ 

≠ sonias sabnðr demCiqs xoSxba 

xba, vinaidan es zmna mTqmelis 

ìdealur codnas~ (delensis terminologiiT) gamoxatavs 

movlenis Sesaxeb. qarTulisgan gansxvavebiT, mas verc admirativisTvis 

gamoviyenebT, radgan is, rac CvenTvis ukve cnobilia, 

logikurad gaocebasTan da moulodnelobasTan ver iqneba kav- 

SirSi. winadadeba _ loxsgi 

sgi, mzum xoWma 

_ `Sexede, ramdeni 

uTibavs (=`naTibi aqvs~)~ _ svanurSi mxolod TxrobiTi SeiZleba 

iyos, radgan aq mTqmeli misTvis cnobil (da ara `Turmes~ 

gagebis mqone) faqts aRniSnavs, qarTulSi ki is Zaxilis 

winadadebaa, radgan Sesabamisi zmna unaxaobas gamoxatavs da 

teqstic moulodnelobiT gamowveul gaocebasTanaa mimarTeba- 

Si. 

2. svanurs moepoveba I SedegobiTs upreverbo formaTa meore 

saxeobac: -en 

en- sufiq 

fiqsi 

siani forme 

mebi 

(yovel SemTxvevaSi, am 

formebs kiTxva igive miesadageba: ra uqnia?); gardamaval da 

brunvacvalebadsubieqtian zmnaTa es formebi, zemoT aRniSnulis 

sapirispirod, kategoriulad mxolod unaxav moqme 

qmede 

debas 

35

gamoxa 

xata 

taven 

(iseve rogorc am mwkrivis preverbiani zmnebi); I 

SedegobiTis -en 

en-sufiqsiani saxeoba admirativis SemTxvevaSic 

gamoiyeneba: loxsgi 

sgi, mazu xWmx 

WmŠna 

na! _ `Sexede, ramdeni uTibavs 

(=`naTibi hqonia~)!~ _ aq ukve naTlad Cans, rom mTqmeli mis- 

Tvis unaxavi, moulodneli movleniT gaocebas gamoxatavs da 

winadadebac, Sesabamisad, Zaxilisaa. 

3. svanur gardamaval zmnebSi -en 

en- sufiqsis CarTva I SedgobiTSi 

semantikaze sxva mxrivac axdens gavlenas: Tu oden - 

aØmawarmoebliani uzmniswino formebi warsuli moqmedebis Sedegs 

asaxaven awmyoSi (xo 

xora 

ùweria~=`naweri aqvs~), -en-Øiani 

monacemebi gamoxataven warsulSi momxdari moqmedebis Sedegs 

warsulSive (x 

rŠna 

ùweria~=~naweri hqonia~); es leqsemebi, 

pirvelTagan gansxvavebiT, upirobod, organulad Seicaven 

`Turme~-s gagebas, unaxaobas, pirvelni ki moqmedebis aqtis 

gamosaxatavad an ÄÓÍóÒ (bz.)/ÄÓÍðÒÉ (bq.) (`Turme~) nawilaks sa- 

Wiroeben, an _ sxvaTa sityvis nawilakebs: roq…, eser (`-o~). 

4. hipoTeturad dasaSvebad migvaCnia, rom svanuris namyosrulis 

-en 

en- da qarTulis II TurmeobiTis e. w. nakauzativari - 

in- afiqsebi, aseve II TurmeobiTis dialeqtur formebSi gamovlenili 

-n- (`daexatna~, `Seekerna~) mxolod materialur siaxloves 

ki ar amJRavneben erTmaneTTan, aramed funqciursac; vvaraudobT, 

rom istoriulad -Vn- morfema (masTan sxvadasxva 

xmovnis ganviTareba SesaZloa fonetikurad an enis ganviTarebis 

sxvadasxva etapiT aixsnas) istoriulad swored moqmedebis 

unaxaobas (distancias mTqmelsa da naTqvams Soris) gamoxatavda. 

sagulisxmod migvaCnia is faqtic, rom kontaqti (qarT. -in-, 

-evin-; sv. -un-) gamoxatavs distancias morfologiur subieqtsa 

da obieqts Soris, moqmedebis aqti (sv. -un-, -en-) ki _ distancias 

teqstis subieqtsa da movlenas Soris. 

36 

n i k o l o z o T i n a S v i l i 

yvirilis xeobis hidronimia 

mdinare yvirila saTaves iRebs kavkasionis mTiswineTSi, javis 

raionis erwos tbis dasavleTi napiridan. mdinare dasavle- 

TiT miedineba kldovan kanionebSi. mTian mxareSi yvirila ar 

gamoiyeneboda satransporto da sakavSirebel saSualebad. amitom 

xeobaSi TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba hidronimis gadatana dasaxlebul 

punqtze. 

ZiriTadad warmovadgenT javis riaonis soflebis _ jalabeTis, 

zemo da Sua qarzmanis, sinaguris, TedleTis, xaxieTis, 

tbeTis _ hidronimias, romlebic sainteresoa enobrivi TvalsazrisiT, 

rogorc ori _ qarTluri da imeruli _ dialeqtis 

mosazRvre obieqtebi. 

vaxuSti bagrations Tavis àRweraSi~ dasaxelebuli aqvs 

mdinare yvirila da rukazec aqvs datanili, magram ar asaxelebs 

dasaxlebul punqtebsa da yvirilas Senakadebs, romlebic 

sakmaod aris gavrcelebuli mTiani reliefis gamo. 

xeobis hidronimia aqamde ar yofila mecnierul mimoqceva- 

Si; igi ZiriTadad qarTulia, mcire gamonaklisis garda. hidronimebSi 

asaxulia wylis gemo, feri, suni, Tevzis saxeoba, moqmedeba 

da sxv., rac sazogado leqsikis nawilia, aseve specialuri 

terminologia rac Taviseburi indikatorebia. 

hidronimuli obieqtebis sawarmoeblad gvxvdeba wyali, 

wyaro, Rele: saSvavis wyaro, mJave wyali, xixaTis wyali, vaxnisis 

Rele, woisis Rele da sxv. 

hidronimTa ZiriTadi mawarmoeblebi -ur, -ula, sufiqsebi 

zogjer icvleba -ar da -ur sufiqsebiT, rac SeiZleba dialeqturi 

movleniT aixsnas: tof-ar-a, nigvz-ar-a, faSn-ar-i, jaxvlar-i, 

uw-ur-i... 

leqsema Rele 

le, gansxvavebiT aRmosavleT saqarTvelosagan, 

sadac is orografiuli mniSvnelobiT aris gamovlenili, yvirilas 

xeobaSi hidrografiuli mniSvnelobiT aris gamoyenebuli: 

37

sinaguris Rele, vaxnisis Rele da sxva. moxsenebaSi warmovadgenT 

sxva magaliTebsac. 

r u s u d a n r a m i S v i l i 

fereidnul dialeqtSi sam da met komponentebian frazeologizmebSic 

iseTive suraTia, rogorc rTuli zmnebis SemTxvevaSi: 

saxeli nasesxebia sparsulidan, an saxelica da zmnac 

warmoadgens sparsuli rTuli zmnis sityvasityviT Targmans. 

amgvari movlenebi uxvad gvxvdeba sparsulidan Targmnil 

saSuali qarTulis literaturuli Zeglebis enaSi da ganxiluli 

gvaqvs `rusudanianis~ magaliTze. 

zogi 

gier 

erTi fraze 

zeolo 

logiz 

gizmi 

misa 

saTvis fere 

reid 

idnul 

nulSi 

fereidnul dialeqtSi qarTuli da sparsuli enebis samaswlian 

kontaqtTan gvaqvs saqme. fereidnelebi izolirebulni arian 

rogorc qarTuli dialeqtebis, aseve saliteraturo qarTuli 

enisagan da struqturulad gansxvavebuli sparsulis Zlier gavlenas 

ganicdian. es gavlena gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba leqsikaSi. 

am TvalsazrisiT aseve sainteresoa frazeologizmebic. 

gamoviyeneT 2008 wlis noembersa da 2009 wlis martSi 

iranis islamur respublikaSi mivlinebisas Cawerili masala. 

mivlineba ganxorcielda proeqtis _ `saqarTvelos lingvisturi 

portreti~ _ farglebSi. 

fereidnuli dialeqtis Seswavlisas didi mniSvneloba eni- 

Weba sparsuli enis gavleniT gaCenili axali formebisa da 

leqsikis Seswavlas. frazeologizmebi sainteresoa rogorc 

struqturuli, aseve leqsikis TvalsazrisiTac. fereidnulSi 

moviZieT is frazeologizmebi, romelTac sparsuli enis monacemebiT 

eZebneba axsna. magaliTad moviyvanT zogierT maTgans: 

fereidn. guli Tangi gaq `mowyenili xar~ 

38 

guli Tangi Sagqnia sp. del tang šodan `mowyena~. 

(sp. del `guli~, sp. tang `viwro~, 

sp. šodan `gaxdoma~) 

fereidn. abru ar duguRoron _ àr Segarcxvinon~ _ 

sp. ābru rixtan ` Sercxvena~ (sp. ābru 

`Rirseba~, `reputacia~, sp. rixtan `da- 

Rvra~). 

m e r a b r o b a q i Z e 

`mocaleobis 

mocaleobis~ semantikisaTvis `vefxistyaosanSi 

vefxistyaosanSi~ 

1. `mo 

moca 

cale 

leobis 

bis~ cneba `vefxistyaosanSi~ (23,2) konceptualur 

xasiaTs atarebs. igi, vfiqrobT, sul sxva mniSvnelobas Seicavs 

vidre aqamde Sesrulebul gamokvlevebSia mowodebuli. 

2. vaxtang V1 iZleva mTlianad strofis saRvTo ganmartebas 

da `mocaleoba esmis rogorc `mocla~, `mocliloba~: 

àse moclas eubne 

neba soflis zrunva sasu 

sufev 

fevlis meti ara 

hqondes rao~. marjori uordropi `mocaleobas~ inglisurad 

Targmnis sityviT Leisure, rac igive `moclilobaa~ _ fufuneba-gancxromisaTvis 

saWiro dro. n. maris rusuli TargmaniT _ 

должен иметь досуг . p. petrenkom gadmosca будь свободен. S. nucubiZem 

_ покой. somx. Targ-Si terianma àzat~, asaturma 

àzat lini~ _ Tavisufali _ drois qonebis mniSv-iT. k. kapaneli 

_ `mocaleba~ _ Tavisufali. a. SaniZe _ `mocaleoba~ _ 

Tavisufali drois qonebaa. 

2. g. imedaSvili aRniSnavda: `sityva mocaleoba, Cveulebrivi 

gagebiT, TiTqos unda niSnavdes: mocla, moclilobas, 

dros, romelic adamians sWirdeba ama Tu im saqmis, am SemTxv 

mTxve- 

vaSi 

mijnu 

jnuro 

robis 

bis, siyva 

varu 

rulis Tavda 

dade 

debu 

buli samsa 

msaxu 

xuri 

risa 

saTvis 

Tvis. 

ase esmis es sityva `vfx~-is yvela komentatorsa da mTargmnels 

ukanasknel dromde. umravles SemTxvevaSi ki is Tavis Tavadac 

imdenad gasagebad miuCneviaT, rom misi ganmarteba arc ucdiaT. 

39

garkveviT unda iTqvas, rom es sityva ar SeiZleba niSnavdes mi- 

jnurTa tolswo 

sworo 

robas 

(romlis damtkicebis mcdelobas kidev 

erTxel vxvdebiT am sakiTxisadmi miZRvnil erT bolodroindel 

naSromSi), Tundac imitom, rom CvenTvis saintereso 

strofSi laparakia `mi 

mijnurT zneoba 

baze 

ze~, 

aseTi ki ar SeiZleba 

iyos iseTi socialuri datvirTvis mqone Sinaarsis sityva, rogoricaa 

`tolsworoba~. amave mizeziT gamoiricxeba `Tavisufali 

drois qona~, raTa mijnurma `moicalos~ mijnurobisTvis. n. 

maris, a.SaniZis g. imedaSvilis, e. xinTibiZis i. kalaZis, k. danelias 

Sexedulebebi `vefxistyaosnis~ `mo 

moca 

cale 

leobis 

bis~ gagebasTan 

dakavSirebiT ar unda iyos swori, radgan `mocliloba~, 

`tolsworoba~, àzrovneba da fiqri mijnurze~, iseve rogorc 

`siwynare-simSvide~, ar SeiZleba moviazroT rogorc mijnu 

jnuro 

ro- 

bis rusTve 

Tvelu 

luri koncef 

cefci 

ciis 

is Semadgeneli nawili, radgan `mo 

mo- 

cale 

leoba 

ba~ poemis prologSi ganixileba am Teoriis mTlian konteqstSi 

mijnurobis Teoriis organul nawilad (`visca es 

srulad 

ara sWirs, aklia mijnurT zneoba 

ba). 

3. `cal 

cal~ da misgan nawarmoebi formebi semantikur plan- 

Si kategoriulad gulisxmobs riRacisgan an viRacisgan ganTa 

Ta- 

visuf 

sufle 

lebas 

(gamo 

gamoTa 

Tavisuf 

visufle 

lebas 

bas), calke yofnas, gancal 

calkevebas, 

gamocal 

calkevebas, (Sdr. cal-cal 

calke 

= gamoyofiT, ganmartoebiT), 

distancirebas, individualizirebas, calad 

(mar 

marto 

to, ganker 

kerZo 

ZoebiT 

biT) yofnas. Sdr. ar daarCens cali 

lier 

ersa 

ar ymasa da arca 

qalsa (55, 4) (=uarafrod, saWurWlis gareSe). poemaSi naTqvamia 

agreTve: àzrad arad aRara mcals~ (126,3); àra mcals 

smenad magisad~ (885,1); `mawyen, ara mcals, damexsen~ (886,4); 

`Sen Cemad ara gcals~ (1008, 2); `mikvirs, rad scals wylianobad~ 

(764, 2); `rad scals Tavisa berebad~ (784, 3); àra mcal- 

da sevdisagan Tavis krZalvad~ (369, 1); àra scalda 

saubrad 

da arca Wvretad~ (500, 3). 

4. `vefxistyaosanSi~ `mo 

mocla 

cla~ ramdenjerme gvxvdeba ~Tavisufali 

drois~ mniSvnelobiT. moviyvanT saTanado adgilebs: 

mijnurze naTqvamia: ìgonebdes, misgan kidev nuraodes moec 

ecle 

le- 

bis~ (31,30); `wavida mona saubrad mis ymisa gul-mduRarisad.../ 

40 

axlos mivida, moscal 

scalda 

sityvisa Tqmad aRa risad~ (86,4); `viT 

grigalman Cairbina, ar moscal 

scalda 

Wvretad maTad~ (867,4); /tarieli/ 

àdre movic 

vicli 

imaTgan, RmerTi da Cemi bedia (1162,3); 

/useni/ vaWrobisa saqmisagan movi 

vica 

caliT 

liT, igi vnaxiT~ (1162,3); 

/TinaTini/ `monaxeT, ZebneT igi yma, sxvad nurad moic 

icli 

lide 

deTa 

Ta~ 

(115,3). /avTandili/ `SiganTa mcvelTa movic 

vicli 

me unaxavad Wirisad~ 

(1401). 

5. amosavali, pirveladi intencia `cal 

cal~ sityvisa qar- 

Tul enaSi èr 

erTis 

Tis~, 

erTe 

Teulis 

mniSvnelobas matarebelia: `meuRle 

Cemi momikles, davexetebi cala 

lada 

da~ (=marto, martodmarto); 

`cal 

calxela~, `cal 

calfexa~ èr 

erTi cali 

li~; `ca 

calu 

luRe 

Reli 

li~; `ram` 

ram- 

deni 

ni(me 

me) cali 

li~. `vefxistyaosanSi~ gvxvdeba `xeliTa cali 

liTa 

Ta~ 

(1041,2). amave Ziridan ganviTarebulia `msgavsebis~ semantika): 

`Seni cali 

(=msgavsi) unda viyo, rom gexumro~ (`glaxis naambobi~). 

erTis 

Tis, martos 

tos, gancal 

calke 

keve 

vebis 

mniSvneloba `cal 

cal~ Ziridan 

nawarmoeb zmnur Tu saxelur formebSic sagrZnobia. metic 

_ moucilebelia. am garemoebis gaTvaliswinebas, Cveni azriT, 

Semoaqvs swored saWiro gageba `vfx~-is prologis sakvlevi sityvis 

swor interpretaciaSi. 

6. `mo 

moca 

cale 

leobis 

bis~ WeSmariti Sinaarsi `vfx~-is prologSi 

ukavSirdeba poemaSi warmodgenili mijnurobis iseT damaxasia- 

Tebel atributs, rogoricaa `ga 

gaWra 

Wra~, rac uciloblad da kategoriulad 

gulisxmobs marto 

toobas 

bas, sazogadoebisgan mowyvetas 

(izolirebas), sxvaTagan distancirebas, martod, eulad 

yofnas, gancal 

calkevebas, `mo 

moca 

cale 

leobas 

bas~. `ga 

gaWra 

Wra~, 

rogorc mijnuris 

damaxasiaTebeli fenomeni, niSnavs ganmartoebas, gancal 

calke 

kevebas, 

martod 

tod, calke 

yofnas. mijnuri unda ganmartovdes 

(Tundac Sinaganad), `gaiWras~, `mo 

moca 

cale 

leob 

obdes 

des~. amas mTeli is 

strofi gvidasturebs, romelSic rodesac Sermadini evedreba 

avTandils _ `wamitane samsaxurad, mogexmaro, radca gindi~ _ 

avTandili eubneba Sermadins: `Tu mijnu 

jnuri 

var, erTi 

vxam xeli 

mindorTa me rebad, / ar marto unda gaWri 

Wrili 

cremlisa sisxlsa 

ferebad? Semdeg dasZens: `ga 

gaWra 

xelia mijnurTa~ (784). 

friad damaxasiaTebelia `ga 

gaWris 

Wris~ ideis gamosakveTad avTandi- 

41

lis naTqvami (avTandili Sermadins): `ra mijnuri velTa rbodes, 

marto 

unda gasaW 

saWre 

relad 

(162,2); 

7. Cven mier Seswavlili masala naTlad gvidasturebs, 

rom gansaxilveli taepis `mo 

moca 

cale 

leoba 

ba~ Seicavs ganmar 

marto 

toebis 

bis, 

calad 

(martod) yofnis semantikas, rac `mijnurT zneobis~ atributia. 

es sityva poemaSi konceptualuri mniSvnelobis Semcvelia 

da sxva samijnuro zneobaTa (=wesebis) (sibrZne, siuxve, 

simdidre, siyme, ena, goneba, daTmoba, mZleTa mebrZolTa mZleoba) 

fonze moiazreba rogorc `ca 

calad 

lad~ yofna, ganmar 

marto 

toeba 

ba, 

gancal 

calkeveba, marto 

tooba 

ba. 

n a r g i z a s u r m a v a 

fone 

neti 

tiku 

kuri proce 

cese 

sebi imerxe 

xevis metyve 

tyvele 

leba 

baSi 

(2009 

2009-2010 

2010 ww. masa 

sale 

lebis mixed 

xedviT 

viT) 

moxsenebaSi warmovadgenT istoriuli samxreT saqarTvelos 

erT-erTi ZirZveli kuTxis _ imerxevis metyvelebis fonetikur 

mimoxilvas videomatarebelze Cawerili masalebis mixedviT. 

cxadia, es ar aris sruli aRweriTi analizi, aramed ufro 

masalaa aseTi analizisaTvis. sakiTxebis ganxilvisas mivmarTavT 

momijnave dialeqtebTan (mesxuri da aWaruli) Sepirispirebas. 

imerxeuli metyveleba ar aris erTgvarovani da misi qvedialeqtur 

sistemebad diferencireba sagangebo kvlevas saWiroebs. 

qcevebrivi gansxvavebani vlindeba fonetikuri da leqsikuri 

variaciebis saxiT. 

gvxvdeba enisZirismieri yru fSvinvieri ƒ bgera. igi gamokveTilad 

ismis sityvebSi: ƒari, saƒre, ƒevi, ƒeli, ƒma, ƒbo, ƒmeli 

(daƒma, aƒmobs), gaƒdeba, vƒocavT, baƒala. CamoTvlil fuZeebSi 

ƒ gvaqvs Zvel qarTulSic.. ƒ bgeris gamoyenebis intensivoba 

qcevebis mixedviT gansxvavebulia. 

gavrcelebulia Z, c, j rTul bgeraTa dezafrikatizaciis 

42 

procesebi xSuli elementis dakargviT, rac ueWvelad bilingvizms 

ukavSirdeba: Z>z: ze (rZe), zma (Zma), zali (rZali)… 

c>s: (sxvama ar isian, me visi). j>J: gorJulo (`gorJulos gavakeTefT~), 

gurJuli (gurjuli). 

sagangebod unda aRiniSnos subieqturi pirveli piris 

niSnis metaTezisi momdevno fuZiseul TanxmovanTan: `WvamT, 

iqidan viRofT, WvamT~. àm Tvalidan woreT ver xvedav~. àqac 

TvesavT, WvamT~. 

xSiria zmniswiniseuli xmovnis asimilaciuri cvlilebebi, 

gamowveuli zmnuri xmovani prefiqsebis mier. gansakuTrebiT 

yuradRebas iqcevs distanciuri regresuli asimilaciuri procesebi, 

rac SeiZleba CaiTvalos samxreT-dasavluri kiloebisa- 

Tvis zogad specifikur maxasiaTeblad. 

a) aRsaniSnavia sruli regresul-distanciuri asimilaciis 

SemTxveva asimilatori xmovnis dakargvis Tanamdevi movleniT: 

sub. I piris v- niSnis Semdgomi i prefiqsi zmniswiniseul 

a da o xmovnebs cvlis e–d. aWarulSi aseT SemTxvevaSi asimilatori 

xmovani, rogorc wesi, ikargvis xolme, rac difTongizaciisaken 

midrekilebiT aixsneba (evi>eu>e…>ev). imerxeulSi 

orive varianti gvxvdeba, Tanac _ erTsa da imave mTqmelTan. maasimilirebeli 

i xmovani saxe 

xezea 

zea: gevipare; deviWiroT; geviqnie… 

asimilatori i redu 

duci 

cire 

rebu 

bulia 

lia: devnaxe; gevgoneT; SevnaxavT. 

analogiur cvlilebebs adgili aqvs vid- zmnaSic, zmniswiniseuli 

a, e, o xmovnebisa (a-, wa-, ga-, gada-, Se-, mo- zmniswinebi) 

da fuZiseuli vi-s urTierTqmedebis Sedegad (weviden; 

gevda; mevda). 

mo- zmniswinis darTvis SemTxvevaSi dasturdeba vid- 

zmnis gansxvavebuli saxecvalebac: moida 

da

naxavs; gigikeTo; SigiWamen). 

asimilacia nawi 

wilob 

lobri 

rivia 

_ zmniswiniseuli a>e: 

g) yuradRebas iqcevs mosalodneli mo- zmniswinis nacvlad 

mi- zmniswinis gamoyeneba obieqtur pirvel-meore pireb- 

Si zog SemTxvevaSi. magaliTebi: 

èrTi didi zma mimiva maarto aq sofelSi, hoo. is mua 

iSte, saxl-kar uyurebs. iSte axla didi zali mimivda da...~ 

`Zili rom migiva, (vityviT) daTlima. migiva Zili, daxuWav~. 

òRluSaRic mimikvda ori weliwadia~. 

`wrevl ar mimiduRebia da SarSandelia.~ 

`migviyvanes, wyali ar qvqonda, a, iqidan migviyvanes, kar- 

Cxlidan.~ 

`mokluli ar myavs (gveli), danaxuli maq da ar mimiklavs.~ 

es movlena axsnilia rogorc momdevno qcevis niSniseuli 

i formantis mier zmniswiniseuli o xmovnis sruli regresuldistanciuri 

asimilacia (jorbenaZe, 1989, 579). Cveni masala am 

axsnas savsebiT eqvemdebareba _ yvela magaliTSi, sadac mo- : 

mi- aRiniSneba, momdevno poziciaSi distanciurad dasturdeba 

i prefiqsi. eWvs badebs is, rom mo->mi 

mi- fonetikuri gardasaxva 

iseT sistemur xasiaTs ar atarebs, rogorc a xmovnis Semcvel 

zmniswinebSi da paralelurad ixmareba (da ufro meti sixSiriTac) 

imave zmnaTa mo-zmniswiniani formebi. gasaTvaliswinebelia 

isic, rom Zvel qarTulSi dadasturebulia mi da mo 

zmniswinTa monacvleoba obieqtur meore pirSi (mogca/migca), 

mo zmniswinis nacvlad mi-s gamoyeneba SeniSnulia saSuali qar- 

Tulis ZeglebSi. amdenad, bolomde ver gamovricxavT, rom 

imerxeul metyvelebaSic mo- : mi- zmniswinTa monacvleobas 

hqondes adgili. 

mo- zmniswini ma-s saxes iRebs momdevno -a prefiqsis maasimilirebeli 

gavleniT. mag.: amaasxa; gaaryev-gamaaryev.; `qviebi 

maayares~. 

a- zmnuri prefiqsis gavlenas ganicdis Se- zmniswinic _ 

Se- Ci+i: CiiWorflis; Ciiwurvis. wa+i> 

wi+i: wiiReb. msgavs SemTxvevebSi aWarulisaTvis bunebrivia: nawilobrivi 

asimilacia + difTongizacia (Ceówurvis, CeóWorflis). 

u- qcevis mawarmoebeli prefiqsis SemTxvevaSic, kontaqturi 

asimilacia zmniswiniseuli xmovnisa momdevno prefiqsis 

mier, SeiZleba iyos nawi 

wilob 

lobri 

rivi (douZaxefT; gouSviT; douxuWav) 

an sruli 

(duuxuWa; muundeba). 

Cveni masalebiT, imerxeulSi Warbobs nawilobrivi asimilaciis 

SemTxvevebi, gansxvavebiT aWaru 

ruli 

lisa 

sagan 

gan, sadac asimilacia, 

Cveulebriv: a) srulia da iswrafvis xmovanTa Serwymisaken 

an b) nawilobrivia da sruldeba Semdgomi difTongizaciis 

procesiT. imerxeuli nawilobrivi asimilaciiT (auqveebi>qviebi, gziebi („gziebi Cawolili 

iyo~); b) erTmarcvlian fuZeTanxmovnian saxelebSi -eb 

sufiqsis win i xmovnis ganviTareba SekumSuli xmovnis sakompensaciod: 

bliebi < bleebi, wyliebi (àxla wyliebi migviyvanes~), 

jvliebi. 

45

m u r m a n s u x i S v i l i 

refleq 

leqsu 

suro 

roba oraqtan 

tanti 

tian 

gardama 

maval zmnebSi 

refleqsuroba binaruli mimarTebaa. is Tavis Tavze moqmedebas 

gulisxmobs. Cvens enobriv sinamdvileSi refeqsurobis, 

rogorc kategoriis realizaciisaTvis aucilebeli pirobaa subieqtisa 

da pirdapiri obieqtis referencialuri da funqciuri 

identuroba gardamaval zmnebSi da subieqtis moqmedebis 

ukuqceva sakuTar Tavze gardauval zmnebSi. 

oraqtantian gardamaval zmnebSi subieqtis refleqsuri 

mimarTeba Tavis TavTan SeiZleba gamoixatos subieqtis zemoqmedebiT 

pirdapir obieqtze, romelic funqciurad amave subieqtis 

identuria. aseTi viTareba gveqneba sasubieqto qcevis 

zmnebTan, romelTa SesityvebaSi pirdapiri damatebis pozicia 

dakavebulia `Tavi~ ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxeliT. mxolod analogiuri 

struqturis SesityvebebSi iqneba daculi refleqsivis 

funqcionirebisaTvis aucilebeli subieqtisa da pirdapiri 

obieqtis sruli referencialuri identuroba. aseTi zmnuri 

Sesityvebebia: Tavs igdebs, Tavs gaitans, Tavs idebs, Tavs 

izRudavs, Tavs ikavebs, Tavs iklavs, Tavs irTobs, Tavs irCens, 

Tavs itanjavs, Tavs itkivebs, Tavs moidreks da sxv. 

dasaxelebul SesityvebaTagan zogierTi maTgani (Tavs ikavebs, 

Tavs imtvrevs, Tavs itexs, Tavs itkivebs) polisemiuria, 

ixmareba, rogorc pirdapiri, aseve gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT. 

pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT warmodgenil SesityvebebSi `Tavi~ somaturi 

saxelia, gadataniTad xmarebisas SesityvebaSi somaturi 

saxelis konkretuli mniSvneloba iSleba da zmnasTan Serwymuli 

ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxelis funqcias iZens; Sesabamisad icvleba 

Sesityvebis semantikac: 

Sdr.: Tavs ikavebs 

_ Tavs imagrebs, wonasworobas icavs. 

melqisedeki Tavs Zlivs ikavebda jorze (k. gams.) || gadat. 

moTminebas ar kargavs. aenTo babale, gabrazda, magram Tavs ma- 

46 

inc ikavebda (qegl IV)... 

Tu gardamavalzmnian SesityvebaSi pirdapiri damatebis 

poziciaSi somaturi saxeli `Tavi~ dgas, maSin subieqtisa da 

pirdapiri damatebis mimarTeba mTelisa da nawilis mimarTebas 

asaxavs, e.i. subieqti da pirdapiri obieqti ar arian koreferentulebi. 

Tu amave poziciaSi ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxeli `Tavi~ aris 

warmodgenili, maSin subieqti da pirdapiri damateba koreferentulebi 

arian da, Sesabamisad, maT Soris mimarTeba refleqsuria. 

reflesurobis mniSvnelobas am rigis SesityvebebSi `Tavi~ 

ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxeli gamoxatavs da, es rom asea, iqidanac 

Cans, rom ukuqceviToba neitraluri qcevis formebiTac 

SeiZleba gamoixatos, Tuki es formebi pirdapir damatebad 

`Tavi~ ukuqceviT nacvalsaxels Seiwyobs: Tavs idebs, Tavs 

gadadebs, Tavs aCvenebs, Tavs wiravs, Tavs waagebs... 

i- prefiqsi pirdapiri damatebis subieqtisken mimarTebas 

(kuTvnileba-daniSnulebis mimarTebas) afiqsirebs da ara subieqtisa 

da pirdapiri obieqtis funqciur identurobas. is damatebiTi 

pirobaa refleqsurobis realizaciisaTvis. 

ase rom, oraqtantian gardamaval sasubieqto qcevis 

zmnebSi refleqsuroba arsebiTad SesityvebebSi `Tavi~ ukuqceviTi 

nacvalsaxelis gamovlenas ukavSirdeba. 

rogorc h. pauli aRniSnavs: winadadebaSi Er hat sich getötet 

`man Tavi moikla~ qvemdebaris urTierToba damatebasTan srulad 

Seesabameba qvemdebare-damatebis urTierTobas winadadeba- 

Si Er hat ihn getötet `man is mokla~. magram aq warmodgena moqmed 

subieqtsa da warmodgena obieqtze, romelzedac gadadis es moqmedeba, 

gamocalkevebulia erTmaneTisagan, maSin roca winadadebaSi 

Er hat sich getötet es warmodgenebi erTmaneTs erwymis da 

ukuqceviTi zmna gamoxatavs subieqtSi Caketil process, Tumca 

es Serwyma funqciuria da ara formaluri. 

Tavs iklavs rigis SesityvebaTa kategorialuri statusis 

Zieba qarTulSi bevr sakiTxs wamoWris. 

47

T e d o u T u r g a i Z e 

subieqtis simravlis Warbad aRniSvnisaTvis 

aqtivTa da mediumTa formebSi 

subieqtis simravlis Warbad gamoxatva Zvel qarTulSi 

axasiaTebda prefiqsian vnebiTebs: wavikid-en 

en-i-T, wavekid-en 

en-i-T 

(Sdr.: `...mere medgrad w a i k i d n e s~ `vefxistyaosani~: 910 1 ) 1 . 

simravlis -en(~ -n) sufiqsi Warbia pasivTa aRniSnul 

formebSi, radgan sufiqsian vnebiTebsa da aqtivTa formebSi I 

da II pirebis simravle mxolod -T sufiqsiT iwarmoeboda (aRvamaRleb-T, 

aRvmaRldebi-T...). Warbad CaiTvleba {-en 

en} sufiqsi 

-T sufiqsis gverdiT prefiqsian vnebiTebSi. 

`vefxistyaosanSi~ dasturdeba aqtivTa da mediumTa formebi, 

romlebSic subieqtis simravle pasivTa zemoT miTiTebuli 

modeliT aris warmodgenili: `TviTo toti erTmanerTsa 

hkres, sikvdilsa ar d a h r i d n e s~ (910 2 ); Sdr. `maT akoces 

erTmanerTsa, ucxoobiT ar d a h r i d e s~ (284 1 ). 

miTiTebul 910-e strofSia d a a m S v i d n e s aqtivic, 

romelSic -n sufiqsi subieqtis simravles gamoxatavs -es 

sufiqsTan 

erTad: `lomi medgrad gaekida, igi vervin d a a m - 

S v i d n e s~ (910 4 ). 

sayuradReboa prefiqsian pasivTa mravlobiTi ricxvis 

warmoebis modelis ganvrcoba uniSno vnebiTTa da aqtiv-mediumTa 

mravlobiTi ricxvis formebSi. 

1 

vefxistyaosani, teqsti ZiriTadi variantebiT, komentarebiTa da 

leqsikoniTurT, a. SaniZisa da a. baramiZis redaqciiT, gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 

1966. 

48 

i z a C a n t l a Z e 

sisi 

sina da SiSi 

Sina sibi 

bila 

lant 

ntTa proble 

lema 

qarTve 

Tvelur enebSi 

qarTvelur enebSi fonebaTSesatyvisobani vlindeba xmovnebsa 

da sibilantebSi, agreTve T, l, r TanxmovnebTan. gadaxvevebi 

regularul kanonzomierebaTagan TiTqmis yovel 

velTvis 

ixsneba 

kombinatoruli cvlilebebiT. 

preqarTvelur enaSi istoriulad ivaraudeba TanxmovanTa 

winasibilanturi (sisina), Suasibilanturi (sisina-SiSina, Sdr. 

afxazuri enis fonotaqtika) da ukanasibilanturi (SiSina) rigebi, 

romelTagan pirveli maTgani identur refleqsebs iZleoda 

fonemaTSesatyvisobis doneze, meore _ ukanasibilanturi 

rigis ekvivalentebs warmoadgenda, xolo mesame ukanasibilantur 

da velarul TanxmovanTa kompleqsebs (g.maWavariani). zogjer 

mimdinareobda gasisinebis (zanuri Sg > svanuri sg) procesic, 

oRond mxolod bilabiali u sonantis wina poziciaSi (T. 

gamyreliZe, g. kartozia). 

monaTesave enaTa diferenciacia dialeqtebis doneze 

iwyeba. bgeraTa cvlilebebis pirveli safexuri, ramac Semdeg 

regularuli Sesatyvisobani mogvca, qarTvelur enaTa istoriul 

kiloebSi unda veZioT. 

amgvari potencia sxvadasxva dialeqtSi sxvadasxva dros 

erTsa da imave Sedegs iZleva. amitomac qarTveluri enebis kanonzomier 

fone 

nemaT 

maTSe 

Sesa 

satyvi 

tyviso 

soba 

baTa analo 

loge 

gebi dResac arse 

sebo 

boben ben Ta- 

named 

medro 

rove dialeq 

leqteb 

tebSi 

Si, Tumca maT spora 

radu 

duli 

(da ara regu 

gu- 

laru 

ruli 

li) xasi 

siaTi aqvT ... xSirad is, rac kiloebSi substituciis, 

anu auxsneli bgeraTcvlilebis nimuSad ganimarteba, zedmi 

mi- 

wevniT emsgav 

sgavse 

seba 

imas, rasac qarTvelur enaTa doneze bgeraTSesatyvisobad 

ganixilaven (jorbenaZe 1995: 50-56, 90-93). 

xandaxan mosalodneli sisina spirantisa Tu afrikatis 

nacvlad qarTvelur enaTa dialeqtebSi SeiZleba SiSinac Segvxvdes 

an _ piriqiT. 

49

xC-ol 

ol- fuZe sxvadasxva mniSvnelobisaa qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi: 

imerulsa da leCxumurSi igi `kvamls~ niSnavs (da 

xrC-ol 

ol-v-aÀs ukavSirdeba), aWarulSi _ `wnelis rgolebiT asxmul 

sabmels~, xolo javaxurSi _ `wnels~. guriaSi `Citis badis 

saqsov xelsawyos~ ewodeba Cx-ar 

ar-i, xolo Tavad `saqsov 

Cxirs~ _ Cx-aS 

aS-i / Cx-aJ 

aJ-i; imereTSi `wvril Cxirs~ Cx-ik 

ik-i 

hqvia, xolo `gamxmari wnelisagan gakeTebul cocxs~ Cx-ok 

oks 

uwodeben guriaSi. xuTive leqsema Zalian hgavs zanuri struqturis 

fuZes (Sdr. o-n-Cx 

Cx-ak 

ak-al 

al-e `Txilis sabertyi joxi~). 

aSkaraa, rom ZirSi yvelgan Cx- kompleqsia an metaTezisis 

Sedegi xC-; svanuri li-Sx 

Sx-er (`poba, skdoma~) SeiZleba iyos 

qarTuli Cx-er 

er/Cx 

Cx-ir 

Ziris spirantizebuli saxe. mosalodnelia, 

rom li-Cx 

Cx-in 

in-e (`gaCxirva, garWoba~) imave Cx- Ziris Semcveli 

masdaria. 

imave harmoniuli kompleqsis sisina variantic (cx 

cx-) 

gvxvdeba yvela qarTvelur enaSi: Zvel qarTulSi `sarTavi mowyobilobis 

joxi~ aris cx-em 

em-l-i, cx-em 

em-l-a ki gurul dialeqtSi 

`rcxila~-a. javaxeTSi cx-em 

em-l-i aris `qselSi narTis 

gasayreli xe~, TuSeTSi ki `windisa da xelTaTmanis saqsov rkinis 

Cxirebs~ cx-em 

em-l-eb 

eb-i hqvia (mx. r. cx-em 

em-l-i). `fiCxis~ aRsaniSnavad 

megrulSi cx-v-ek 

ixmareba, xolo lazurSi _ cx-ik 

ik. 

svanurSi cxek (bz., qs.)/cxik 

(zs.) `tyes~ aRniSnavs. igive Ziri 

Cans Coluruli metyvelebis cx-ép-ert 

(`wvrili wneli~), cxént 

nt-r-ól (`wvrili gamxmari Stoebi~) formebSi da zemosvanur 

cx-ir (`xiwvi, xiWvi~) fuZeSi. cx-ek 

ek-n-el 

el-a toponimia (gauqmebuli 

soflis saxelwodeba) samcxeSi (beriZe 2005:148). 

maSasadame, `wnelis > joxis > Cxiris > tyis~ aRsaniSnavad 

qarTvelur enebSi gamoiyeneba erTi da imave harmoniuli kompleqsis 

rogorc sisina (cx 

cx-), ise SiSina (Cx 

Cx-) variantebi qarTulSic, 

megrulSic, lazurSic da svanurSic, rac erTgva 

Tgvarad arRvevs kom- 

para 

rati 

tivis 

vistu 

tuli qarTve 

Tvelo 

lolo 

logi 

giis is Ziri 

riTad princi 

cipebs 

1 . 

1 

SiSina da sisina sibilantTa aRrevis Sesaxeb qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi 

ix. Cveni statiebi: `pirvelad da meoreul fonemaTSesatyvisobaTa 

50 

m a n a n a C a C a n i Z e 

taqso 

sono 

nomi 

miuri siste 

tema 

mati 

tikis saki 

kiTxi 

Txisa 

saTvis 

Tana 

named 

medro 

rove leqsi 

sikog 

kogra 

rafi 

fiaSi 

tradiciuli gagebiT leqsikografiis cnebis SinaarsSi 

moiazreboda Teoriuli da praqtikuli leqsikografia. e. w. 

axalma leqsikografiulma situaciam mniSvnelovani koreqtivebi 

Seitana am cnebis tradiciul gagebaSi. àratrivialur leqsikonTa 

epoqaSi~ (t. vinokuri) kompiuterulma leqsikografiam 

Tavisi arsis safuZvelze gamokveTa is niSnebi, riTac udavod 

SeiZleba misi kuTvnili adgilis gansazRvra leqsikografiis 

taqsonomiur sistemaSi. es niSnebi mTlianobaSi aisaxeba leqsikonTa 

im tipologiaSi, rasac gvTavazobs kompiuteruli leqsikografia. 

swored imis gamo, rom kompiuterul leqsikografias 

leqsikonTa sakuTari tipologia aqvs, cxadia, aramarTebulia 

misi warmodgena praqtikuli leqsikografiis erT-erT safexurad. 

kompiuteruli leqsikografia sruliad damoukidebeli 

rgolia leqsikografiis taqsonomiur sistematikaSi. amitomac 

miviCnevT, rom taqsonomiuri ganxilviT Tanamedrove leqsikografia 

moicavs: Teoriul, praqtikul da kompiuterul leqsikografias. 

aq warmodgenili motivaciis safuZvelze, ganzogadebuli 

da ierarqiulad mowesrigebuli, struqturirebuli saxiT, 

leqsikografiis, rogorc damoukidebeli lingvisturi 

disciplinis, Sinaarsobrivi ragvaroba aseTia: 

leqsi 

sikog 

kogra 

rafia 

1.0 T e o r i u l i l e q s i k o g r a f i a 

1.1. leqsikografiis Teoria 

1.1.1. leqsikografiis cneba (moculoba, Sinaarsi, struqtura) 

urTierTmimarTebisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi~, ìveria~, parizi, 2004-2005 da 

fonemaTSesatyvisobaTa ori rigi qarTvelur enebSi, Tbilisis sulxan-saba 

orbelianis saxelobis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri universitetis qarTuli enis 

kaTedris Sromebi, Tbilisi, 2005. 

51

52 

1.1.2. leqsikografiis leqsikologia 

1.1.3. leqsikonTa tipologia (klasifikacia, Janrebi, tipebi) 

1.1.4. leqsikonTa struqtura 

1.1.5. leqsikonTa konstruireba 

1.2. leqsikografiis istoria 

1.2.1. leqsikonTa istoria 

1.2.2. tipur leqsikograful problemaTa gadawyvetis istoria 

2.0. p r a q t i k u l i l e q s i k o g r a f i a 

2.1. saleqsikono muSaobis dagegmva da organizacia 

2.2. pirveladi saleqsikono masalebis Segroveba; kartoTekebi, 

sadokumentacio fondi 

2.3. leqsikonTa da leqsikonuri tipis naSromebis Sedgena 

2.4. sadokumentacio fondis Sevseba da dacva 

3.0. k o m p i u t e r u l i l e q s i k o g r a f i a 

3.1. eleqtronuli (manqanuri) leqsikonebi 

3.1.1. monacemTa bazebi 

3.1.2. monacemTa bazebTan mimarTvis reJimebi. 

m e r a b C u x u a 

gutu 

tural 

ral-Tan 

Tanxmo 

xmovan 

vanTa Sesa 

satyvi 

tyviso 

sobi 

bisa 

saTvis 

iberi 

riul 

ul-kav 

kavka 

kasi 

siur enebSi 

s.-kavk. *g 

(1) s.-qarTv. *breg- `dartyma~ (breg-a `dartyma~, brig-a 

`daartya~, zan. (laz.) o-brang-al-u `raxuni~, svan. li-breg-e 

`dartyma~) ~ s.-sind. *bga- `msxvreva; davardna~ (afx. a-bga-ra, 

abaz. bga-ra `davardna, dacema, damsxvreva~) ~ s.-daR. *gab- `dartyma; 

rqena~ (and. jabi- ←*g½abi- `dartyma: kvla~, Tab. ele-g || 

hŠ-g `rqena, brZola~); 

(2) s.-qarTv. *a-gar-a `nageboba, saxli/gomuri~ (qarT. aga- 

ra, agara-k-i, zan. (megr.) angvara (←*ogora) `baki, winaezo gomurisa~, 

svan. hagam (←*hagar) `gomuri~) ~ s.-nax. *o-gan- èr- 

Tgvari nageboba~ (iCq. ÷gane, ing. ogane bacb. {oga n } èrTgvari, 

sameurneo nageboba~) ~ s.-sind. *g…ar- `Semokavebuli adgili~ 

(yab. g…ar-an `Semokavebuli adgili saqonlis dasamwyvdevad~) 

~ s.-daR. *gor- `Robe, Semokavebuli adgili~ (xunZ. goren 

`Semokavebuli adgili saqonlisaTvis~, Tab. gur, wax. gor, 

bud. gir-ij (←*g…ir-ij) `Robe, Semokavebuli adgili winaezo- 

Si~); 

(3) s.-qarTv. *gaZ- `wvivi; muxli~ (gaz-i, gaz-eb-i `wvivebi; 

wvivis Zvlebi~, zan. goj-i || gonj-i `muxli~, svan. ganz (←*gaj) 

`wvivi~; `wvivis ZarRvi~): s.-nax. *gaZ-V `fexis nawili~ (ing. goaZ 

(←*gaZu) `fexis erTi nawili~) ~ s.-sind. *g…ac-a `wvivi; nakuTali~ 

(afx. a-Sar-g…ac… `wvivi~, ubix. lÀa-göca `nakuTali~) ~ 

s.-daR. *g…aZ- `Cliqi, qaCaCi~ (xvarS. guz ìdayvi~, darg. ƒúc || 

µuZ `Cliqi~, aR. ƒ´…ac´ `qaCaCi~); 

(4) s.-qarTv. *gom- `maRlobi, maRali adgili~ (qarT. gom-i 

`maRali adgili~, zan. (megr.) gum-i, top. gum-is-Ta (←*gum-iS- 

Ta)) ~ s.-nax. *gu…- `beqobi, borcvi~ (iCq. g `borcvi~, ing. 

gu… `beqobi, bocvi~, bacb. gub `kunZuli~) ~ s.-sind. *g…ˆb- 

`grova, SequCeba~ (afx. a-g…ˆf, abaz. g…ˆf, ad. q…ˆf, yab. g…ˆf, 

ubix. q…ˆf `grova, jgufi, SequCeba~) ~ s.-daR. *gub- `borcvi, 

grova~ (did. gup, xvarS. gub, beJ. kupi-o `borcvi~; grova~, 

lezg. kapal, Tab. kapal, kriw. kbal, bud. kˆpˆl `grova~); 

(5) s.-qarTv. gor- `grova, goreba~ (qarT. gor-v-a, gor-eb-a, 

zan. (laz.) o-ngor-u `goreba, gorva~, o-rg-in-u `triali~, megr. 

do-rg-in-af-a `dagoreba~, svan. li-g…r-n-e `gorva~) ~ s.-nax. 

*gur- `borbali~ (iCq. gur-ma `borbali guTnisa~, ing. gur-a 

`guTnis borbali~) ~ s.-sind. *g…ar- `gorva; rgoli~ (abaz. 

g…ˆr-g…ˆr `rgoli~, ad. Cara-zˆ-, yab. jara-zˆ `gorva~) ~ s.-daR. 

*gor-/*gur- `rgoli, borbali, gorva~ (xunZ. gor, axv. goro, 

kar. guri `rgoli, borbali~; xunZ. gir-, kar. guri-l `gorva~, 

hin. gemer-diu, inx. gˆrma, beJ. ger-dio, hunz. ger-du `mrgvali~, 

lak. qúr (←*gur) `gorva~); 

53

(6) s.-qarTv. *mgel- `mgeli~ (qarT. mgel-i, zan. (laz.) 

mger-i || mgei, megr. ger-i || nger-i) ~ s.-nax. *berg- `mgeli~ (iCq. 

wuŒy-berg, ing. woy-berg `Tovlis avaza~ ← et. `Wreli mgeli~) ~ 

s.-sind. *baga- `tura, mela~ (afx. ö-bga `tura~, abaz. baga `melia~, 

ad. baj–, yab. baJ–, ubix. bag½a-S… `tura~) ~ s.-daR. *bagr-a `mgeli~ 

(darg. -bug, sityvaSi dugeli-bug `maCvi~, xin. gra (←*bgra) 

`mgeli~) ~ Sum. firig ←*birig `lomi~. 

54 

s.-kavk. *q 

(1) s.-qarTv. *qal-a `mcire nageboba; karavi~ (qarT. qala 

(qiz.) `kar-fanjris CarCos zemoTa nawili~, zan. (megr.) qolo 

`kasri~, svan. qel (←*qala) `karavi~) ~ s.-sind. *q½al-a `qoxi~ 

(afx. a-q½öla, abaz. q½ala, ad. Cal½, yab. Cˆl½ `qoxi~) ~ s.daR. 

*qul-i `nagebobebi (mcire)~ (xunZ. quli || qulo, and. quli, 

axv. qila, tind. q½ila, kar. qile, bagv. q½ila `mcire sakarmidamo 

nagebobebi~); 

(2) s.-qarTv. *re-q…-/*de-q…-/*q…- `Tqma, Zaxili~ (qarT. 

rqv-a `dauZaxa, sTqva~, zan. Tq…-al-a `Tqma~, megr. raq…-al-i 

`xmamaRla saubari~, svan. req…- `Tqma~, li-q…-isg `Tqma~) ~ s.-nax. 

*de-q- `daZaxeba, xmoba~ (iCq. dŠq-ar, ing. deq-–r, bacb. deq-ar 

`daZaxeba, xmoba~) ~ s.-sind. *q…- `fici, rwmena; Zaxili~ (afx. a- 

q…-ra, abaz. q…-ra `fici~, ad. a-q…-ˆn, yab. a-q…-ˆn, ubix. q…-an, 

a-sq-…-an `Zaxili, rwmena~). 

(3) s.-qarTv. *qat-o `qato~ (qarT. qato, zan. (megr.) qutia 

`mcenare, Txebi Zlier etanebian~, svan. gt || gat (←*qat) 

`qato~) ~ s.-nax. *qat-e `qeri~ (iCq. qade, ing. qada) ~ hurit.- 

urart. qade || qate `marcvali, qeri~ ~ xaTuri qaiT `qeri~ ~ 

s.-daR. *q…ad- `marcvali; Svria~ (did. qudi, xvarS. qude, inx. 

q…edo, beJ. gudo, lak. CáTi (←*qáTi) `sakvebi~, lezg. gad, 

Tab. gad `marcvleuli, pureuli~); 

(4) s.-qarTv. *qers-al- `Tma, balani, Wari~ (qarTl. 

gersl-i `gingli, Tma, balani~, mox. qarsl-i `Txeli tyavi~, zan. 

{qarS-}, Sdr. qarT. (← zan.) qarS-ik-i, svan. gar‰Sa || ← 

gar…aSa (←*grSa…) `Wari, gvelis perangi~) ~ s.-nax. *qars- 

`Tmis, matylis bawari, Toki~ (iCq. q‰rs || qars `sabeli~, ing. 

qars `cxenis Tmis bawari~, bacb. qars-a n `Txis matylis bawari, 

Toki, sabeli~) ~ s.-sind. *q…asʾ- `fafari~ (afx. a-q…¥S◦ `Tmis 

gvirgvini Tavze~, ad. saq…, yab. soq… `fafari~) ~ s.-daR. *q…as- 

`matyli, nawnavi~ (xunZ. q…as || quaS `matyli~, did. qos `bibilo~, 

darg. qus-ala `frTa~, lezg. q‘S, Tab. quS `dalali, nawnavi~); 

(5) s.-qarTv. *q…as- `balaxis cocxi~ (qarT. _, zan. (laz.) o- 

qos-al-e `cocxi~, megr. qos-u-a `gamococxva~, o-qos-al-i `cocxi~, 

svan. q…as || q…‰s-i `balaxis cocxi~) ~ s.-nax. *qes- `marcvleulis, 

balaxis svreli~ (iCq. qes, ing. qes `momkili balaxis an marcvleulis 

svreli~) ~ s.-daR. *qas…- `mka, Wra; saWreli iaraRi~ (xunZ. qa- 

Su `Tivis saWreli mowyobiloba~, did. qos, beJ. qus-u‡, hunz. 

qoS `mka, moWra, kreWa~, arC. qis `Cangali, fiwali~); 

(6) s.-qarTv. *qurd-em-al- `grdemli~ (qarT. q‚rdeml-i, 

qvirdeml-i, zan. (megr.) qulamur-i (←*qurdamur-i) `grdemli~, 

svan. quril || qurmil (←*qurdil) `grdemli~) ~ s.-nax. *qurd- 

èrTgvari didi Rumeli~ (iCq. q‘r-q ←*q‘rd-q, ing. qur½-q 

←*qurd-q `sakveravi didi Rumeli~) ~ s.-sind. *q…ˆd-a `culi; xel- 

Subi~ (yab. jˆda ←*g½ˆda `culi~, ubix. g½ˆt…ˆ `Subi, xelSubi~). 

s.-kavk. *k 

(1) s.-qarTv. *m-kal- `kalia~ (qarT. mkal-i, kal-ia, zan. 

(laz.) nkol-i || kol-i, megr. kol-i `kalia~) ~ s.-nax. *kal-e 

`krazana, bziki~ (iCq. kŠla, ing. kl–, bacb. kel `krazana, bziki~) 

~ s.-sind. *pk½a…-a `nemsiylapia~ (ad. pWa… || ← pk½a… `nemsiylapia~, 

yab. pWa…– `nemsiylapia~) ~ s.-daR. *kár-a `koRo, buzankali~ 

(xunZ. kárö || kara, and. kára, axv. kára `baRlinjo~, 

bagv. Wara ←*k½ára, Rod. k½ára `koRo, buzankali~, beJ. ql’, 

hunz. qelo `koRo~); 

(2) s.-qarTv. *kur-kur- `wveTi~, pkur- `wveTobiT siTxis 

misxma~ (qarT. kur-kur-i, kukur-i `wveTi~, pkur-eb-a, svan. kukum 

55

`wveTi~) ~ s.-nax. *kik- `wveTi~ (bacb. kik `wveTi; mZivi~) ~ s.-sind. 

*k…ar- `wveTi, cvari~ (afz. a-k…ar-ma, abaz. k…ar-ma `wveTi, cvari~) 

~ s.-daR. *kak-a `wveTi~ (beJ. kk || kaka, hunz. kaka `wveTi~); 

(3) s.-qarTv. *kak-al- `kakali, marcvali~ (qarT. kakal-i, 

svan. kakl || kakal `kakali, marcvali~) ~ s.-nax. *kik-el- `xili 

(nayofi)~ (bacb. kikel `xili, nayofi~) ~ s.-sind. *kak-an `Txili; 

kvercxi~ (afx. a-kakön `Txili~, abaz. kakan `Txili~, ad. Wan- 

Wa || ← k½ak½– `kvercxi~) ~ s.-daR. *kark-an- `kenkra; kvercxi; 

marcvali~ (xunZ. korkonu `kenkra; yurZeni~, and. korkon, Wam. 

WaWa n ←*kakan, tind. k½ek½ama, kar. karkan, boTl. karkamu, bagv. 

k½ak½an, Rod. k½ark½anu `kvercxi~, did. kiki, xvarS. kaka, beJ. 

keke, hunz. keke `Semwvari marcvali~); 

(4) s.-qarTv. *wuk- `qvabi (patara)~ (qarT. wuk-al-a `spilenZis 

patara qvabi~, zan. (laz.) Wurk-i || Wuk-i `zogadad qvabi~, 

Wuk-an-i `didi qvabi~) ~ s.-nax. *Wuk- `yanwi~ (iCq. Wug, ing. 

Wuq, bacb. Wuk `sasmisi, yanwi~) ~ s.-sind. *Wˆk- `varcli~ (afx. 

a-W¥ku, abaz. Wˆku `varcli~) ~ s.-daR. *W…ak- `varcli; kovzi, jami~ 

(xunZ. Wík-aro `kovzi~, lak. kiW-u `jami~, kiW-ala `CamCa, 

varcli~, darg. kuw-ul `kovzi~, Tab. Way-a, aR. Way, arC. Way… 

`doqi; kovzi~); 

(5) s.-qarTv. *tk…- `dineba~ (qarT. m-tk…-ar-i, zan. (laz.) 

m-tku-r-i (hidr.)) ~ s.-sind. *tk…- `dineba, wveTa; lRoba~ (yab. 

tk…-ˆn, ad. ˆRa-tk…-an `wveTa, dineba~, Sdr. s.-Cerq. tk…- 

`dnoba, lRoba~) ~ s.daR. *tak…- `wveTi, wveTa; dineba~ (xunZ. 

tink, and. tonk-il, Wam. tik-ana, tind. tik-un `wveTi~, axv. tikun-, 

xunZ. tink-, and. tonk-un-, Wam. tik-un- `wveTa, dineba~; aR. 

tink, ruT. tank, was. t½ank½, kriw. tˆk-ˆn, bud. tik, xin tˆng 

`wveTi~); 

(6) s.-qarTv. *kok-el- `qusli~ (qarT. (qiziy.) kokel-i 

`qusli~, zan. (megr.) konker-i `kanWi, wvivi~) ~ s.-nax. *k…ak- 

`qusli~ (iCq. k‰g, ing. kog, bacb. k„ak `qusli~) ~ s.-daR. *k…ak- 

/*k…ik- `wvivi, muxli~ (did. kaka `muxli~, darg. kink || kaka 

`wvivi~, aR. kek, ud. qá´qá´r, xin. kuka `muxli~, Sdr. lezg. kerkem 

`nakurali~). 

56 

s.-kavk. *R 

(1) s.-qarTv. *ZarR…- `ZarRvi~ (qarT. ZarRu-, ZarR…-i || 

ZarRvi, zan. jerRv-i ←*jorRv-i `ZarRvi~, svan. jrR… `ZarRvi~) 

~ s.-nax. *ZorR- `kuWi~ (iCq. Zuorx, ing. Zorx || ZorR, bacb. 

Zorx `kuWi~) ~ s.-sind. *ZʾaR…-a `xazi; jaWvi~ (afx. a-WuaR…a `xazi~, 

ad. wˆrRˆ `jaWvi~) ~ s.-daR. *ZirR…- `jaWvi, muxluxi; xazi~ 

(lezg. wirR `jaWvi~, Tab. wirR… `xazi~, ruT. wirux ← *wirRu 

`muxluxi~); 

(2) s.-qarTv. *Raw…- `jawvi, loya~ (qarT. Rawu, Raw…-i || 

Raw…-i, zan. (laz.) Rvanwk-il-i, megr. Rvanwk-i `Roya~, svan. R‰W-a 

←*RaW…-a `Rawvi~) ~ s.-nax. *WomaR- `loya~ (vainax. {WonaR}, 

Sdr. os. (← vainax.) ZonˆR `yba~, bacb. WamaR `loya~) ~ s.-sind. 

*ZʾamR…- `loya, nikapi, yba~ (afx. a-Zam„…a, abaz. Zam-…a, ubix. 

ZamRa `loya, nikapi~, ad. JaR…ˆ `nikapi~, yab. zʾaR… `qveda yba~) 

~ s.-daR. *janaR- `yba~ (xunZ. CanaR, and. CanaRi `yba~); 

(3) s.-qarTv. *Rinw-a `guTnis mWreli nawili~ (qarT. 

Rinw-i `dana mcire da wvlili~ (saba), svan. Renw… || Rnw…-iS || 

Renw-iS `kavi; guTani~) ~ s.-sind. *Ranw-a `kavi~ (ubix. Röńca 

`kavi~) ~ s.-daR. *Ranw-a `Zira kbili; rqa; kavi~ (xunZ. Ranwö `kavi~, 

axv. R…enwí `Zira kbili~, Tab. Ra´Rać ←*Rac-Rac `kavi~, 

ud. ƒáńc´ `rqa~); 

(4) s.-qarTv. *paR…- `kuzi~ (qarT. paRu-, paR…-i || paRu-i 

`didi muceli~, zan. (megr.) puxu ← *puRv-i `kuzi~) ~ s.-nax. 

*muR- `kudi~ (iCq. mulRa ←*muR-la, ing. mulR– ←*muR-la 

`sakuduri~, bacb. muR `kudi~) ~ s.-daR. *maR(…)-/*miR(…)- `kudi~ 

(xunZ. maR, and. miR-erW, Wam. miRa, kar., boTl., bagv., Rod. 

miRa `kudi~, beJ., hunz. miR `kudi~, lak. maR `kudi~, darg. 

(wud.) buƒ-nuá `cxvris kudi~); 

(5) s.-qarTv. *deR-e `dRe~ (qarT. dRe, zan. dRa || ndRa, 

dRa-s àrasodes~, svan. la-deR `dRe~) ~ s.-nax. *daR-u `wvima~ 

(iCq. duoRa || doRa, ing. duoR– || doR– `wvima~) ~ s.-sind. 

*dˆR-a `mze~ (ubix. ndRa, ad. TˆRa, yab. dˆRa `mze~) ~ s.-daR. 

57

*R…ad-a `wvima; dRe; varskvlavi~ (xvarS. R…ada, inx. Rodo, beJ. 

…odo ←*R…odo, hunz. …ˆdˆ ←*R…ˆdˆ `wvima, dRe, varskvlavi~); 

(6) s.-qarTv. *Rez- `Wreli, feradi~ (zan. (megr.). RaJ-o || 

RaJ-ur-ia `Wreli; feradi~) s.-nax. *Raz- `lamazi~ (iCq. xaz-a 

←*Raz-e n , ing. xoz-– ←*Roz-a, bacb. Raz-e n `lamazi~ ~ hurit.- 

urart. Raz-ula `kargi, lamazi~ ~ s.-daR. *RoJ-e `kargi~ (hunz. 

ho n Je ←*Ro n Je `kargi~, Tab. uJu ←*RuJu, aR. iJe- ←*RiJe 

`kargi~). 

s.-kavk. *x 

(1) s.-qarTv. *icx-ar- `Cqari wvima~ (qarT. isxar-i (saba), 

zan. leSxer-i èrTgvari wvima~, svan. uCxa || uCxe `wvima~) ~ s.-nax. 

*Cxar- `RorRi; xiWi~ (iCq. Cxar `xiWi~, ing. Cx–r `RorRi; natexi 

qva~) ~ s.-sind. *Cx…- `wvima; setyva; Sardva~ (afx. a-C½x…-rö `mo- 

Sardva~, ad. ƒé-S½xrˆ-n, yab. ƒé-Sxˆ-n `wvima~, ubix. T…a-S½x `setyva~, 

Sdr. ad. …a-S½xˆ, yab. …a-Sx `wvima~, sadac …a- `ca~) ~ s.- 

daR. *Cx…- `Sardi; nakeli~ (lezg. Cux, Tab. Cux `Sardi~, ruT. 

Cux…-an `cxenisa da viris nakeli~, xin. Cx-ir `gamxmari nakelis 

grova~); 

(2) s.-qarTv. *lex…- `mdinare; xeoba~ (qarT. rexv-i || rex-i, 

zan. (megr.) lex-era `xeoba~) ~ s.-sind. *x…-a `xeoba, mdinare~ 

(ad. fsˆ-x…, yab. fsˆ-x…a, ubix. T…a-x…a `mdinare~, Sdr. ad.-yab. 

x…a-T, x…a-…ˆ `Rrma xeoba~) ~ s.-daR. *rex…- || nex…- `mdinare, 

nakaduli~ (xunZ. ix´ ←*nix´, axv. i n xé, kar. enxé, Rod. inxí 

`Rvari, nakadi~, mdinare~, hin. ixu, xvarS. e n xu, inx. e n xu´, beJ. 

e n xe, hunz. e n xu `mdinare, nakaduli~ (xunZ. ix´ ←*/nix´, axv. i n xé, 

kar. enxé, Rod. inxí `Rvari, nakadi~, `mdinare~, hin. ixu, xvarS. 

e n xu, inx. e n xu´, beJ. e n xe, hunz. e n- xu `mdinare~, lak. ni´x `mdinare~, 

ruT. ux, aR. rux `nakaduli~); 

(3) s.-qarTv. *sx…-er- `msxvreva~ (qar.T m-sxvr-ev-a, zan. 

(megr.) do-Sxvar-ua `damsxvreva, daqucmaceba~, svan. ma-Sxer 

`napobi~) ~ s.-sind. *sʾx…a- `fxvnili; nacrisferi~ (ad. Sx…a, 

yab. sʾx…a `ruxi, nacrisferi~, ubix. Sx…a `fxvnili~) ~ s.-daR. 

*Sáx…-a `mtveri~ (darg. Sáx…a `mtveri, miwa~, arC. Sáx…- `da- 

58 

Jangeba; Jangisferi~); 

(4) s.-qarTv. *x…er-a `xvadi~ (qarT. (leCx.) xvir-a `xvadi 

kata~, zan. (megr.) xvanj-a `mamali Rori daukodavi~, svan. x…ir 

`xvadi~) ~ s.-sind. *x…ˆ- `mamri~ (ad. x…ˆ, yab. x…ˆ, ubix. x…ˆ 

`mamri~) ~ s.-daR. *x´…el- `qmari~ (axv. xé…e `qmari~, mr. r. 

xér-ar, xvarS. xol, inJ. xol, lezg. R‘l `qmari~); 

(5) s.-qarTv. *xax-el- `beWis an mxris Zvali~ (qarT. (mesx.) 

xexela `beWis Zvali (Zroxisa)~, zan. (megr.) xorxal-i `beWis an 

mxris Tavi~) ~ hurit.-urart. xaxli `loya~ ~ s-daR. *x…ax-en 

`saxe; drunCi; ukana mxare; loya~ (xunZ. x´…enex `drunCi~, 

xúmux´ `saxe~, Wam. xunxu `saxe~, axv. xámaxúl, hin., xvarS., inx. 

xux `saxe, loya~, darg. xux, wax. xˆ´dˆ´x ùkana mxare~); 

(6) s.-qarTv. *orx- `naqsovi qveSsafeni~ (qarT. orxova || 

orxua || orxao `xaoiani safeni, qveSsafeni~, zan. (megr.) orxuu 

|| orx-a `qveSsafeni~) ~ s.-nax. *urx- `qseli qsovilisa~ (ing. 

urx-al `qsovilis qseli~) ~ *-urx- || *-urux- `Zafi; kerva, qargva~ 

(xunZ. ¤hn- ←*¤xn- `moqargva~, and. r-axon- `kerva~, lak. 

r-urux´-a- `kerva~, mr. r. r-urux´-unu, darg. b-urx; `kerva~, b- 

arxare `Zafi, mkedi~, Tab. -irx- `kerva~, ruT. uxur `Zafi~, wax. 

uxara, bud. xiri `Zafi~, xin. mixez ←*mixer `nemsi~). 

a l e q s i W i n W a r a u l i 

kidev erTxel 

`ve 

vefxis 

fxistya 

tyaos 

osnis 

nis~ avto 

toris 

sada 

dauro 

robi 

bisa 

saTvis 

am sakiTxze adrec vwerdi. teqstologiaSi aRiarebuli 

meTodia: Tu teqstis avtori ucnobia, imave avtoris sxva werilobiTi 

Zegli anda am avtoris dialeqti dagvexmareba sakiTxis 

garkvevaSi. magaliTad, `vefxistyaosanSi~ vkiTxulobT: `daxeden 

darbazis erTa, Sevlen isfri 

riTa 

Rebulni~ rigiTi mkiTxvelisa- 

Tvis es sityva gaugebaria. aRmoCnda, rom qarTuli mravalri- 

59

cxovani dialeqtebidan isfe 

feri 

(is 

isfriT 

friT, isfrad 

frad...) mxolod ingilour 

dialeqtSi dasturdeba. ucxo enebis (Turquli, arabuli, 

sparsuli...) leqsikur-morfologiuri nasesxobiT gajerebul 

dialeqtSi `vefxistyaosnis~ raime niSanwylis Zebna nonsensad 

Canda. magram am kilos imdeni ram aRmoaCnda am genialur 

poemasTan saziaro, rom am werilis avtorisaTvis poemis 

avtori rusTveli udavod hereTis (resp. saingilos) mkvidria. 

gvaqvs ufro sarwmuno cnobebic: 

xevsurulsa da ingilourSi zmna dato 

tove 

veba 

ar arsebobs. 

es zmna arc `vefxistyaosanSia~. 

ingil.: `da 

dagde 

gdeva 

datoveba, mitoveba: `pur gaTibas ukan 

miwas kedem abruneven, agdeven, fazibe pur daaTesela (toveben, 

SemodgomisTvis puris dasaTesad); adrian ganasxal vazze 

kukurevs nametnav agdeven (kvirtebs zedmetad toveben), sicive 

zogs daabrimieveliav (gaaxmobso), zogs _ aarav; karev farRiaT 

habe döagdi? (karebi farRalala ratom datove?); qal gaoŸda 

karSi, yonaR CemTan daagda (stumari CemTan datova) (1). 

xevsuruli: 

`da 

dagde 

gdeba 

datoveba, alvanCi ambav daagdi: `CaTmaSi dagcnes 

canio~ (xevs. poez. 211, 40); dagagda ƒonis orwyalSi, RameT 

aTeneb gminiTa (xevs. Taviseb. 388, 33):, cxenis lurjais wamyvano, 

daga 

gagda 

gda boslis karzeda (xevs. Taviseb. 374, 12) (2). 

amaTi sapirwone formebi `vefxistyaosnidan~: 

`Cem wil dagag 

gagdeb 

patronad, Tavadad CemTa spaTasa~ 

(154; 156/155); 

`Tvara RamiTve tvirTebi Seni waiRe viriTa, 

daag 

agde 

Cemi midamo, sruliad mikrife, mi-, riTa~ (1104; 

1108). 

`magra dagde 

gdeba 

umZimda fatmanis gulmwuxarisa!~ (1320; 

1325); 

zmna dato 

tove 

vebas 

bas. am zmnas arc `vefxistyaosani~ icnobs. 

b) am dialeqtebsa da `vefxistyaosnSi~ dato 

tove 

vebas 

cvlis 

dagde 

gdeba 

ba. 

g) sxva qarTul dialeqtebze es kanonzomiereba ar 

vrceldeba. 

d) am kanonzomierebis SemTxveviTobad miCneva nonsensia. 

amis garda, `vefxistyaosanSi~ dasturdeba aSkarad herul-ingilouri 

Sesityvebebi. maTSi iqms zmna uwyvildeba romelime 

zmnis masdars: 

`mefe smasa sa da Wama 

masa iqms, metad moilxinebda~ (51; 52/ 51); 

`brZane, visroloT, nu iqmo 

Sedre 

dreki 

kilo 

loba 

ba-kle 

kleba 

basa 

sa, 

kargTa kacTasa viqmo 

modeT 

mowmad CvenTana xleba 

basa 

sa~ (68; 

69/ 68) 

àma saqmesa vera viqm me gando 

doba 

basa 

sxvaTasa~(154; 156/ 155); 

`TviT viqm xeliTa CemiTa ama wigni 

nisa wera 

rasa 

sa~ (165; 167/ 166); 

`hkadre, Tu: `sparsTa vera viq indoeTisa Wama 

masa 

sa~ (542, 

647/ 349); 

àw veZeb misTa wamalTa, viqm iqiT-aqaT brunva 

vasa~ (999; 

1007); 

`kvla fridon hkadrebs mefesa: `nu 

nuraT iqT gamwa 

mware 

reba 

basa 

sa~ 

(1559; 1457/ 1458); 

àw dadeg, iqi nu moxval, iqmca 

uCemod xalva 

lvasa 

sa~ (1507; 

1511/ 1512). 

prof. rogneda RambaSiZis `qarTuli enis ingilouri kilos 

leqsikonSi~ (1988 w.) 460 gverdidan 464 gverdamde auarebel 

aseT Sesityvebas ipovis mkiTxveli. 

raki rusTveli zemoT damowmebuli sityvebis Tu Sesityvebebis 

avtoria, is aris hereTis mkvidri. 

ocdaaTze metjer aris es zmna naxmari poemaSi, am erTi 

zmnis analizis Sedegad dgindeba: 

a) herul-ingilouri da fxouri dialeqtebi ar icnoben 

60 

61

o e n a W k a d u a 

fuZed 

Zedre 

rekad zmnaTa mimRe 

mReobu 

buri forme 

mebis 

warmoebi 

bisa 

saTvis svanur 

nurSi 

svanurSi, drois gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT, awmyos, myofadisa 

da namyos mimReobebs gamoyofen (v. Tofuria, al. oniani, 

z. WumburiZe...). mimReobur mawarmoeblebad miiCneven rogorc 

prefiqsebs, aseve konfiqsebsac. konfiqsiT nawarmoeb mimReobebSi 

-e da -i sufiqsTa ganawileba damokidebulia imaze, Tu romeli 

alomorfia warmodgenili pirian formaTa awmyos mwkrivSi (es 

iZleva safuZvels, rom mxolod prefiqsi CaiTvalos mawarmoebel 

morfologiur erTeulad). samecniero literaturaSi svanuri 

mimReoburi afiqsebi Semdegnairad aris dajgufebuli: 

awmyo: mˆ- || mu-, mˆ- || mu- _ -e, mˆ- || mu- _ -i, me-, mo-, 

me- _ -e. 

myofadi: le-, le- _ -e, le- _ -i, la-, la- _ -a, l‰- _ -i. 

namyo: lˆ- || lu-, lˆ- || lu- _ -e, lˆ- || lu- _ -i, mˆ- || 

mu-, mˆ- || mu- _ -e, mˆ- || mu- _ -i, na- _ {…}. 

saklasifikacio niSnis aRrevis Tavidan asacileblad uaryofiTi 

(u- _ -a), romelsac drouli gageba naklebad aqvs, Setanilia 

namyos mimReobaTa rigSi, rogorc warsulSi Seusrulebeli 

moqmedebis aRmniSvneli. am dajgufebis miRma mainc rCeba 

mimReobebi) masalis, daniSnulebis...), romlebic droul dapirispirebas 

ar gamoxataven. aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom `mimReobis 

dro ara damoukidebeli droa, rogorc pirian formebSi 

sazogadod, aramed mimarTebiTi~ (a. SaniZe). aseve saeWvod aris 

miCneuli mimReobebSi gvaris mixedviT korelacia. 

svanurSi fuZedrekad zmnaTa mimReobebi ZiriTadad 

warmoebis zogad wess mihyvebian, magram radganac am enaSi fu- 

Zis fleqsia mkveTrad Camoyalibebuli movlenaa, amitom saxelzmnur 

warmoebaSi mosalodnelia TaviseburebaTa gamovlena. 

kerZod, Tu qarTulSi fuZedrekadTa namyo drois vnebiTi gvaris 

mimReobebi -e-s Seicaven (drekil, wyvetil...), svanurSi pa- 

62 

sivis mimReobebi uSualod vnebiTis fuZes eyrdnobian, risi damadasturebelic 

aris lentexuri dialeqtis ureduqcio formebi: 

deg-n-i `qreba~ _ me-dg-e `Camqrali~ ← me-deg-e lnt. 

reR…-n-i ìrRveva~ _ me-rR…-e `darRveuli~ ← me-reR…-e lnt. 

nek…-n-i ìxreba~ _ me-nk…-e `moxrili~ ← me-nek…-e lnt. 

geW-n-i `Zlebs~ _ me-gW-e `gamZlebi~ ← me-geW-e lnt. 

fuZeSi -e-s gamoivlenen odenprefiqsiani mimReobebic: me- 

deg ìs, romelic Caqreba~, me-qex 

ìs, romelic gaiweva~, me- 

q…er ìs romelic dalpeba~, me-beWk 

beWk… ìs, romelic gaskdeba~ 

vnebiTis formaTa sapirispirod gvaqvs moqmedebiTi gvaris 

mimReobebi: 

fiSg-e `xsnis~ _ mˆ-fSg 

fSg-e `gamxsneli, momxsneli~ 

fxiJ-e `Slis~ _ mˆ-fx 

fx-e `damSleli~ 

cil-e `xevs~ _ mˆ-cl 

cl-e `damxevi~ 

c…ir-e `tovebs~ _ mu-c…r 

c…r-e `demtovebeli~ da sxv. 

am tipis mimReobebi lentexurSic reducirebuli formiT 

arian warmodgenili (lnt. mˆ-fSk 

fSk-e, mˆ-fxu 

fxu-e...), magram 

gvaqvs –i‰n 

|| -an 

darTuli mimReobebi, sadac Ziriseuli aqtivis 

–i- xmovnis aRdgena xdeba, rac adasturebs, rom isini moqmedebiTis 

fuZes eyrdnobian: 

bz. mu-q…ic 

q…ic-i‰n 

i‰n `mWreli~ 

lSx. mu-biWk… 

biWk…-in 

in `gamxeTqi~ 

lnt. mˆ-fiSk 

fiSk-in 

in `gamxsneli~ 

balsqvemour dialeqtSi gavrcelebulia -an darTuli 

formebi, gansakuTrebiT, wyevlis formulebSi: 

mˆ-kid 

kid-an 

àmomwyveti~, mu-biƒ… 

biƒ…-an 

`gampobi~ 

mu-y…if 

y…if-an 

`gamfufqi, amomZirkvavi~ 

mˆ-Sdix 

Sdix-an 

àmomTavebeli, amomwyveti. 

ma miCa 

mˆkidan 

i mˆSdixan 

xaku 

ku?! `ra misi amomwyveti da 

amomTavebeli unda?!~ 

myofadis mimReobebSi pasivis -e- xmovania gamovlenili 

(le 

le-tex 

`dasabrunebeli~, le-beWk… 

`gasaskdomi~), xolo konfiqsiT 

nawarmoebSi Ziriseuli xmovani reducirebulia (lentexurSic 

ki), Tumca aqac -e- unda vivaraudoT. miT ufro, rom 

63

lentexelma informatorma dagvidastura le-beWk… 

beWk…-e, le-feSk 

feSke... 

formebic. 

zemoCamoTvlili Taviseburebani adasturebs, rom e. w. 

meore uRlebis zmnebi, anu fuZedrekadebi mimReobaTa warmoebaSi 

arafuZedrekadTagan gansxvavebul suraTs gviCveneben. 

n i n e l i W o x o n e l i Z e 

avto 

tori 

rise 

seuli 

fraza pirda 

dapir naTqvam 

TqvamTan 

Tan 

r. inaniS 

niSvi 

vilis enis mixed 

xedviT 

r. inaniSvilis mxatvrul prozas qarTul literaturaSi 

gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs rogorc leqsikiT, ise mxolod 

misTvis damaxasiaTebeli, individualuri, lakoniuri sintaqsuri 

konstruqciebiT. 

amjerad Cvens yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT pirdapir naTqvam- 

Tan (mimarTvis formebi, dalocvis, wyevlis formulebi...) dadasturebul 

avtoriseul winadadebebze, ,,romlebic warmogvidgens 

am naTqvamis avtors an saubris Tanmxleb situacias~ 

(S. afridoniZe). 

avtoriseuli winadadeba (gauvrcobeli, gavrcobili, Serwymuli, 

Tanwyobili, iSviaTad qvewyobilic): 

1. SeiZleba pirdapir naTqvams win uswrebdes: 

gogi 

giam mainc dauZa 

Zaxa 

_ SoSman, e, SoSman (mTvaris asuli, 

Tb., 1987). Tovls TaTma 

mani 

niani 

orive 

xeli 

amohkra 

hkra, biWebs 

gadaaya 

yara 

da daiZa 

Zaxa 

xa: _ ase TeTrad damiberdiT (Sori TeTri 

mwvervali, Tb., 1976). 

r. inaniSvili aseT SemTxvevaSi mimarTavs saxeldebiT winadadebasac, 

riTac frazis ritmulobas aZlierebs. 

xnieri 

qali 

li: eg aris Cemi samSoblo, mand cxovrobs Cemi 

sawyali gvari (patara biWi golgoTaze, Tb., 1989). mere 

bebia 

bia 

_ gafxrewa da gagleja (megobrisadmi minaweri werilebidan, 

64 

Tb., 1958). mewis 

wisqvi 

qvile 

Cemda 

daga 

gasa 

saoc 

ocrad 

rad, gaRi 

Rime 

mebu 

buli 

li, enadam 

dam- 

tkbari 

ri: es ra krazana biWi hyofilxar, ra uqeni imodena kacsao 

(barisaken mofrinavs jafara, Tb., 1974). 

2. avtoriseuli winadadeba pirdapir naTqvams Suaze 

kveTs: 

ijeqi, ra, wesierad, _ eubne 

nebo 

boda 

kacs, _ buzankali xar 

Tu ra xar (Sori TeTri mwvervali, Tb., 1976). _kidevac icini?! 

_ daaj 

ajda 

zemo 

modan 

WiWo 

Wo da muSti 

mouRe 

Rera 

ra, _ cxvir-piri 

unda amoginayo! (Sori TeTri mwvervali, Tb., 1976). 

3. avtoriseuli winadadeba mosdevs pirdapir naTqvams. 

aseT SemTxvevaSi fraza maqsimalurad dawurulia, radgan pirdapiri 

naTqvamiT ukve gadmocemulia Sinaarsi; ZiriTadad orwevriani 

winadadebebia gamoyenebuli. xSir SemTxvevaSi ki, qvemdebared 

garekaxeTSi gavrcelebuli anTroponimebi (gabro, laduSa, 

gogia, daTia, beJana, Tevdore, mixa, ioseba, Tedia, yaramana, 

WiWo,... maia, Tina, elene, mayvala, irine, makrine, efemia da 

sxv.) dasturdeba, rac frazis koloritulobas xazs usvams. 

didi korZi Sens enasa, marTa, didi korZi! _ amosZa 

sZaxis 

kato 

(mTvaris asuli, Tb., 1987). _ boRmav! _ boRmav! _ ra- 

Rac Tavi 

vise 

sebu 

buri 

alersiT 

eubne 

neba 

beJa 

Janas 

(barisken mofrinavs 

jafara, Tb., 1974). _ e, _ ukuRmarTebis angelozo _ Tavs ga- 

hyofs mZRoli 

lisa 

saken 

(saRamo xanis Canawerebi, Tb., 1973). 

4. iSviaTad avtoriseuli winadadeba samive zemodasaxelebul 

poziciaSi dasturdeba: 

osis pata 

tara 

biWu 

Wuna 

na... 

xanda 

daxan 

moixe 

xedav 

davda 

SublSeW 

lSeWmux 

mux- 

nuli 

li, _ ra iyo, ra ambavSi xarTo, magram 

raki 

naxav 

xavda 

da, xalxi 

xi 

Tavi 

visas 

ganagrZob 

rZobda 

da, _ TavSi qva gixliaTo, _ da isev gareT 

daiwyeb 

wyebda 

yure 

rebas 

(cisferi gorgali, Tb., 1968)._ biWoo, _ 

Tqva mamam, _ aba, momxede, ra ambavi gaqvs Senao! _ Tan iseTi 

naperwklebi aucimcimda TvalebSi, veRar moviTmine, gavqandi da 

kiserze Camovekide (Sor. 16,17). 

5. yvela zemodasaxelebul SemTxvevebSi Semasmeneli, ZiriTadad, 

iwyebs an amTavrebs avtoriseul winadadebas, magram 

misi adgili mainc mkveTrad gamoxatuli ar aris. igi sxvadasxva 

65

poziciaSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes. arsebiTia is, rom ,,avtoriseuli 

remarkis Semasmeneli da pirdapiri naTqvami uSualod ukavSirdebian 

erTmaneTs~ (S. afridoniZe). 

biWe 

Webi 

facu 

curob 

robdnen 

_ ram gagaStera, abueto? (Sveli 

zamTarSi, Tb., 1986). gamouR 

uRri 

rina 

jamba 

bazis 

biWma 

ma, _ e, bneloo! 

(alersi SiSianobis dros, Tb., 1986). da aq mexi 

xiviT 

gavar 

varda 

adami 

mianis 

xma: ,,ha, Tavmkvdaro~ (Sori TeTri mwvervali, Tb., 

1976). xafangs araferi sjobia _ ambob 

bobda 

WanWle 

Wle gior 

orgi 

(megobrisadmi 

minaweri werilebidan, Tb., 1958). Sena, Se faSisto! 

_ pirda 

dapir 

cxvirTan 

utri 

rialeb 

lebda 

qvas irine 

(saRamo xanis 

Canawerebi, Tb., 1970). 

rig SemTxvevaSi pirdapiri naTqvami avtoriseul winadadebasTan 

erTad warmodgenilia sxvaTa sityviT, (gansakuTrebiT 

maSin, roca igi avtoriseul winadadebas mosdevs). ,,aseTi sxva- 

Ta sityva erTgvari Sualeduri safexuria pirdapirsa da irib 

naTqvams Soris... avtorisa da personaJis naTqvamis amgvari daaxloeba, 

anu subieqtur-obieqtur planTa kontaminacia, eqspresiuli 

sintaqsis stilistikuri xerxia, romelsac Cveni mwerlebi 

iyenebdnen Tu ufro adre ara, XI _ XII saukuneebSi mainc 

(n. babalikaSvili, l. kvantaliani). 

RmerTma 

ma acxono 

noso 

so, _ viRac 

did kacze 

ambob 

bobda 

(barisaken 

mofrinavs jafara, Tb., 1974). miugo 

gior 

orgim 

da amayad 

gadaxe 

xeda 

xalxs, _ Cemma 

ma Wkuam 

xom ajoba 

Tqvensa 

saso 

so (Sori 

TeTri mwvervali, Tb., 1976). qali 

Tu ityoda 

da, isic Tavis 

vis- 

Tvis: _ ai, miwa 

dava 

vaya 

yare 

Sens fuls da cxovreba 

basa 

sacao 

(t. I, 

Tb., 1953-1968). _ Seni 

miwis 

dayrao 

yrao! Seni 

pirqve 

damar 

marxvao 

xvao! 

_ iwivla 

xelga 

gaka 

kave 

vebul 

bulma 

mayva 

valam 

(alersi SiSianobis dros, 

Tb., 1986). 

n i n o W u m b u r i Z e, m a r i n a k i k o n i S v i l i 

knino 

nobi 

biTo 

Tobis warmoebis Tavi 

visebu 

bure 

reba 

bani 

qarTul 

TulSi 

rogorc Zvel, ise Tanamedrove qarTulSi kninobiTi saxelebi 

naklebad gamoiyeneba da ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia cocxali 

sasaubro metyvelebisaTvis. funqciuri TvalsazrisiT 

kninobiToba mraval niuanss moicavs: gamoxatavs simcires (Tagun-a, 

qal-uk-a...), dacinvas (yr-uC-un-a, glex-uW-a...), alerss (mamil-o, 

beb-ik-o...), raime Tvisebis mqoneblobas (Cum-al-a, bumbluq-a...), 

msgavsebas (yaCaR-an-a, mama-il-a...) da sxv. 

rogorc Cans, am dros arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba fu- 

Zis semantikas. zogjer alersobiTi emociur-gamomsaxvelobiTi 

ieri eZleva nawarmoeb saxels, romlis fuZe kninobiT semantikas 

ver iguebs, xolo Tu fuZis semantikasTan alersis gamoxatva 

SeuTavsebelia, maSin kninobiTobis mawarmoeblis darTviT 

sityva damcirebis elfers iZens. 

kninobiTi saxelebi mawarmoebelTa simravliTac gamoirCeva. 

gvaqvs martivi sufiqsebi (-ak, -ik, -ok, -uk, -an, -in, - on, -un, 

-at, -it, -ot, -ut da a. S.) da maTi kombinaciebiT miRebuli 

rTuli sufiqsebi. Sesabamisad gvaqvs erTsafexuriani, orsafexuriani 

da samsafexuriani warmoeba. rTuli sufiqsebis bolo 

Semadgeneli komponenti TiTqmis yovelTvis -a sufiqsia (-uk-an-a, 

-uc-un-a, -ik-el-a...). martivi sufiqsebiT nawarmoebi saxelebi 

Zalze iSviaTia. maTSi sufiqsi gaqvavebuli saxiT aris warmodgenili, 

maTi kninobiTi Sinaarsi ki naTlad ar aris gamovlenili 

(kekl-uc-i, ka-uW-i, gor-ox-i...). 

gaqvavebuli saxiT kninobiTobis sufiqsebi gamoiyofa 

sxvadasxva dialeqtur formaSi (qer-eW-i, kinW-ux-i...), sakuTar 

saxelebsa (biW-in-a, kok-in-a...) da gvarebSi (bax-ut-a-Svili, kakuC-a-Svili...). 

66 

67

n i n o x a x i a S v i l i 

sityva msxem-is isto 

tori 

riisa 

saTvis 

cneba adamianis aRsaniSnavad Zvel qarTul literaturul 

wyaroebSi ZiriTadad sityva kaci 

gvxvdeba. aseve gamoyenebulia 

xatovani (metaforuli) saxeebi, romlebic filosofiur-Teologiuri 

swavlebis Semcvelia, rac naTlad Cans Semdeg 

magaliTebSic: `sofeli mcire~, `taZari uflisa~, `miwa Seuracxi~, 

`mcenare zecisa~, àdreWnobadi yuavili~, `cxovari warwymeduli~, 

`Wuri T‚TmoZravi~, `wuTisoflis mgzavri~, `naSobni 

urCebisani~ da a. S. maT Sorisaa sityva `msxemi~, romelic 

mxolod Zvel teqstebSi dasturdeba `sawuTroSi mcxovrebis~, 

àdamianis~ mniSvnelobiT: 

`sxem 

sxem-i || msxem 

sxem-i erTis adgiliT ayrili da meores adgils 

gadasaxlebuli kaci bogano, egreTve, am sawu 

wuTos 

sofel 

fel- 

Si mcxovrebT 

niSnavs (saRmrTo werili): `viTarca msxem da 

warmaval varT~ (daviT da ioane bagrationebis leqsikografiuli 

naSromi), Sdr. sulxan-saba: `msxe 

msxemi 

mi ese ars, romeli umkvidroTa 

da sxvaTa adgilTa gamoizrdebodes da adre warmaval 

iyos, xolo mwiri 

sxvagan gamoizrdebodes da gvianad warmavali 

iyos da ara damkvidrebadi~... vmsxemob 

mob msxemad val ZAB 

(sulxan-saba). 

zurab sarjvelaZis ganmartebiTac msxemi 

mi ùcxo; mwiri~-a, 

msxemo 

moba 

`xiznoba~, msxem-yo 

yofa 

`gaZeveba~ (Zveli qarTuli enis 

sityvis kona). 

ilia abulaZis leqsikonSi ki msxem- sityvis sxvadasxva, 

gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobebia dadasturebuli: msxemi 

mi `Sin myofi~, 

`mwiri~, `mosruli~, `damonebuli~, `damk‚drebuli~, ucxo, 

yaribi... 

msxemo 

moba 

yariboba, ucxooba: Svilni msxemobisani O, (II ezra, 

8,35). 

msxemo 

moba 

`mwiroba~, `mk‚dr yofa~, `mk‚droba~, `damk‚dreba~... 

68 

msxem || sxem-yo 

yofa 

`mk‚droba~, `mwiroba~, `wartyuenva~ da a. S. ... 

sityva msxem-i da msxemo 

moba 

Zveli aRTqmisa da fsalmunTa 

wignebidanaa ufro xSirad damowmebuli: `msxem 

var Sen winaSe 

warmaval~ fsalm. 38,13; ìyvnes igini ricx‚T mcired-mcired da 

msxem mas zeda~ fsalm. 104,2... `moqcevisaT‚s erisa babiloniT 

msxemo 

mobi 

bisa 

misgan~ fsalm. 120. 

sxem-i || sxem-i (msxemoba) s x m a (gansxma `gaZeveba~) zmnisagan 

unda momdinareobdes. msxma, rogorc yvelasTvis kargadaa 

cnobili, polisemantikuri zmnaa (ix. arn. Ciqobava, ak. SaniZe, 

iv. qavTaraZe...) da Tavis TavSi moicavs ukve iseT sapirispiro 

mniSvnelobebs, rogoricaa `damkvidreba~ da `gaZeveba~ (tipologiurad 

SeiZleba ltolva (ltolvili) gavixsenoT). Tumca 

mTavari, amosavali mniSvneloba mainc unda iyos `gansxma, gayra... 

gatyorcna, gaZeveba (mravlis)... (Signidan _ gareT, erTi 

adgilidan _ meore mimarTulebiT). 

msxemi isaa, *vinc ganidevna, gaaZeves... es swavlac bibliidan 

modis: adami samoTxidan iqna gamoZevebuli da masTan er- 

Tad, mTeli kacobriobac devnilia... òdes-igi Wama [adamma] misgani, 

ganSiSulda, g a n i Z o i g i samoTxiT RmrTisa~ (swav. 

27, 9). da rogorc saxeli adami gaxda adamianis aRmniSvneli 

(cnebis ganmsazRvreli), aseve msxemi 

mi _ *`samoTxidan gamoZevebul 

adamianTa, sawuTros mkvidrTa, wuTisofelSi mcxovrebTa~ 

saxeli unda iyos. 

69

n i n o j o r b e n a Z e 

Tanamedrove presis (Jurnalebis 

Jurnalebis) ena 

da masTan dakavSirebuli problemebi 

bolo periodSi qarTul presas uamravi axali Jurnali 

Seemata. faqti TavisTavad misasalmebeli iqneboda, rom ara er- 

Ti problema _ es am gamocemebis gaumarTavi, dabinZurebuli, 

CiqorTuli da barbarizmebiT savse enaa, rom araferi vTqvaT 

uamrav koreqturul Secdomaze... 

JurnalistebTan saubris Semdeg gamoikveTa ramdenime ZiriTadi 

problema, romlebic aRniSnuli savalalo mdgomareobis 

gamomwvev mizezebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos; 

1. xelmZRvanelobis mier statiis umcires droSi daweris 

moTxovna; 

2. Seuferebeli saredaqcio pirobebi, romlis gamoc 

Jurnalistebs saSualeba ara aqvT, TavianTi naweris 

koreqtireba saTanadod Seasrulon; 

3. respondentis mimarT Camouyalibebeli saredaqcio damokidebuleba 

_ rogor unda gadmoices misi interviu 

_ ucvlelad Tu gasworebuli? am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi, 

ra etapamde SeiZleba midiodes intervius 

qarTulad gamarTvis mcdeloba? 

4. ZiriTadi samuSaos koreqtorze gadabareba, ris Sedegadac, 

ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, xdeba mTeli gamocemis enis 

(Jurnalis, gazeTis da a. S.) erT, mSral stilze dayvana; 

uares da umetes SemTxvevaSi ki koreqtori ver 

axerxebs mTeli Jurnalis masalis orTografiul-stilistikurad 

gamarTvas. 

rac mTavaria, savalaloa Jurnalistebis dabali profesionalizmi 

da saqmisadmi agdebuli damokidebuleba, rac, saboloo 

jamSi, aisaxeba kidec qarTuli Jurnalebis enaze, sadac 

uamravi orTografiul-stilistikuri Tu koreqtoruli Secdoma 

gvxvdeba. 

70

muSaobis gegma muSaobis gegma

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?