arnold Ciqobavas arnold Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi sakiTxavebi XIX
19.01.2014 • Views
Share Embed Flag

arnold Ciqobavas arnold Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi sakiTxavebi XIX

arnold Ciqobavas arnold Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi sakiTxavebi XIX

arnold Ciqobavas arnold Ciqobavas sakiTxavebi sakiTxavebi XIX

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS
ePAPER READ
DOWNLOAD ePAPER
ice.ge

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

START NOW

<strong>arnold</strong> <strong>Ciqobavas</strong> enaTmecnierebis<br />

instituti<br />

m u S a o b i s g e g m a<br />

25 marti, 11 saaTi<br />

l. e z u g b a i a, Sesavali sitKva<br />

<strong>arnold</strong> <strong>Ciqobavas</strong><br />

<strong>sakiTxavebi</strong><br />

<strong>XIX</strong><br />

2008 wlis 25-28 marti<br />

m a s a l e b i<br />

1. v. S e n g e l i a, fragmentebi mogonebidan akademikos<br />

<strong>arnold</strong> Ciqobavaze. XXIII_XXVIII<br />

2. i. C a n t l a Z e, Cemi moZGvarTmoZGvari<br />

3. T. u T u r g a i Z e, qvemdebare-damatebis sakiTxebi III seriis<br />

zmniT gamoxatul SemasmenelTan (aqtivebi da medioaqtivebi)<br />

4. g. k v a r a c x e l i a, axal disciplinaTa saerTo Teoriuli<br />

safuZveli da urTierTmimarTeba<br />

5. S. a f r i d o n i Z e, fonetikuri faqtoris roli termin-<br />

Ta Seqmnisas<br />

6. g. b e d o S v i l i, sitKva `kaxambalis~ Sesaxeb<br />

7. l. s a n i k i Z e, brunebaTa ZiriTadi tipebis SedarebiTi<br />

analizi naxur da daGestnur enebSi<br />

8. m. s u x i S v i l i, pirdapiri damatebis sakiTxi Zveli qar-<br />

Tulis rTul zmnebSi<br />

9. n. m a y a v a r i a n i, anTropomorful arsebaTa saxelwodebebis<br />

warmomavlobisaTvis afxazurSi. 2. aZˆZlan //<br />

aZˆzlan `ali, feria~<br />

Tbilisi<br />

2008<br />

10. m. r o b a q i Z e, `afxazi~ da `afxazebi~ somxur wKaroebSi<br />

11. n. J o r b e n a Z e, `aqedan / iqidan gamomdinare~ formaTa<br />

umarTebulo xmarebis gamo qarTulSi<br />

3

26 marti, 11 saaTi<br />

1. g. g o g o l a S v i l i, kidev erTxel -ia<br />

daboloebis Taobaze<br />

-ad<br />

da -am<br />

TemisniSnian zmnaTa | TurmeobiTis formaTa<br />

Soris<br />

2. v. m a G r a Z e, ramdenime kalkis Sesaxeb<br />

3. n. a r d o t e l i, gramatikuli klasebis sistema xunZuri<br />

enis zedsarTav saxelebSi<br />

4. e. g i u n a S v i l i, Sedgenili zmnebis kvlevis sakiTxebisaTvis<br />

adre saSualo sparsulSi<br />

5. n. s u r m a v a, xmovani Canaweris transkrifcia qarTul<br />

dialeqtur korpusSi<br />

6. n. m u z a S v i l i, terminologiuri sitKvawarmoebisaTvis<br />

7. m. b e r i Z e, d. n a d a r a i a, dialeqturi teqstebis korpusis<br />

pirveladi anotireba (proeqti: saqarTvelos lingvisturi<br />

portreti)<br />

8. m. b u k i a, sinonimebisaTvis megrul mesaqonleobis leqsikaSi<br />

9. l. b a k u r a Z e, Tvisebisa da ricxvis eqspresiuli gamoxatvis<br />

SemTxvevebi -oba<br />

sufiqsian saxelebSi<br />

10. c. J a n J G a v a, megruli Suri<br />

`suli~ derivatebsa da<br />

kompozitebSi<br />

11. r. i o s e l i a n i, ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÅÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ<br />

27 marti, 11 saaTi<br />

1. l. n o z a Z e, zogi cnebis (mniSvnelobis) dazustebisa-<br />

Tvis `qegl~-Tan mimarTebiT<br />

2. T. v a S a k i Z e, koordinaciis sistemisaTvis Tanamedrove<br />

qarTulSi<br />

3. c. b a r b a q a Z e, samKaros enobrivi suraTebi poetur<br />

metKvelebaSi (`varskvlavebis poetika~ ana kalandaZis poeziaSi)<br />

4. l. e z u g b a i a, Tavisebur zmnaTa kompiuteruli aGwerisaTvis<br />

5. m. s a G l i a n i, qarTveluri etimologiebi<br />

6. m. J G a r k a v a, o_u afiqsebi megrulsa da lazurSi<br />

7. n. d o l i Z e, ayarul da gurul dialeqtTa leqsikis<br />

urTierTmimarTebisaTvis (al. Glontis `qarTul kilo-<br />

TqmaTa sitKvis konaSi~ warmodgenili masalebis mixedviT)<br />

8. n. c e c x l a Z e, floronimebi SavSeTis toponimiaSi<br />

9. g. v a n i l i S i, 100 wlis lazi Semoqmedi<br />

10. n. x a r C i l a v a, saqorwilo sufra da masTan dakavSirebuli<br />

zogierTi termini samurzaKanoSi<br />

11. T. t e t e l o S v i l i, erTpiriani vnebiTis zog forma-<br />

Ta umarTebulo gamoKenebis gamo<br />

12. r. l o l u a, kavkasiis albanur warweraTa korpusis dazustebisaTvis<br />

4<br />

5

28 marti, 11 saaTi<br />

1. n. q u T e l i a, irGveva Tu ara fonemaTa SeerTebis sintagmaturi<br />

kanonzomierebani<br />

2. i. C a n t l a Z e, jur-/jir<br />

jir-/jˆr<br />

jˆr- ZirTa urTierTmimarTebisaTvis<br />

qarTvelur enebSi<br />

3. T. g v a n c e l a Z e, afxazuri zmnis kidev erTi morfologiur-modaluri<br />

kategoriis Sesaxeb (winaswari cnoba)<br />

4. m. C u x u a, saerTokavkasiuri sameurneo Kofa (Senoba-nagebobebi)<br />

5. n. y o x o n e l i Z e, futk-, funk- fuZeTa warmomavlobisaTvis<br />

6. S. g a b e s k i r i a, metKvelebis aGmniSvneli qarTveluri<br />

zmnebis zogi Taviseburebis Sesaxeb<br />

7. r. S e r o z i a, qarTveluri saliteraturo enisa da<br />

sulxan-sabas `sitKvis konis~ zogi sakiTxisaTvis<br />

8. l. a z m a i f a r a S v i l i, maxvilTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi<br />

xunZuri enis anwuxur dialeqtSi (Kvarlis r-nis<br />

sof. Tivis metKvelebis mixedviT)<br />

9. m. C a C a n i Z e, eqstralingvisturi informacia leqsikonebSi<br />

10. g. g v a n c e l a Z e, -urº<br />

urº-ul<br />

ul sufiqsTa erTi funqcia istoriuli<br />

sabuTebis mixedviT<br />

11. k. m i T a g v a r i a, adamianis asakobriv diferenciaciasTan<br />

dakavSirebuli terminebi Cerqezul enebSi<br />

12. q. m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i, mirTva svanurSi<br />

l e v a n a z m a i f a r a S v i l i<br />

maxvilTan dakavSirebuli movlenebi<br />

xunZuri enis anwuxur dialeqtSi<br />

(Kvarlis r-nis sof. Tivis metKvelebis mixedviT)<br />

maxvilis moqmedebiT gamowveuli iseTi gavrcelebuli fonetikuri<br />

procesebis Sesaxeb, rogoricaa xmovanTa asimilacia<br />

da reduqcia, xunZuri enis araerT mkvlevars umsJelia (S. miqailovi,<br />

arn. Ciqobava, il. cercvaZe, t. gudava, g. gogolaSvili...).<br />

xunZur dialeqtur metKvelebaze dakvirveba saKuradGebo<br />

faqtebs warmogviCens. rogorc Cans, maxvilis moqmedeba amjamadac<br />

uwKobs xels garkveuli fonetikuri procesebis warmoqmnasa<br />

da mimdinareobas. maxvilTan dakavSirebul fonetikur movlenaTa<br />

erTi wKeba axali Casaxulia da maT ganviTarebaze dakvirveba<br />

sinqroniul yrilSic aris SesaZlebeli.<br />

warmovadgen zogierT faqts, romelic SeiniSneba kaxeTSi<br />

mosaxle anwuxeli xunZebis cocxal metKvelebaSi. ganixileba,<br />

kerZod, anwuxuri dialeqtis toxur-yadaqolour kilokavTa<br />

monacemebi. sxva dialeqtTa da kilokav-TqmaTa viTareba am<br />

mxriv Sesaswavlia.<br />

sof. Tivis metKvelebaSi gvxvdeba zmnisarTi c´vex<br />

`win~. aq<br />

reduqciaa gamowveuli maxviliani e-s mier; Sdr. Crd. xunZ.<br />

c´ev<br />

ev¡ (| kl.), c´e¡ (|| kl.), c´eb<br />

eb¡ (||| kl.), c´er<br />

er¡ (mr. r.) `win~<br />

(anwuxur zmnisarTSi -x bolosarTi mimarTulebis gamomxatveli<br />

formantia: c´ve<br />

ve-x). saKuradGeboa, rom Crdilouri xunZuris<br />

zmnisarTisagan gansxvavebiT anwuxuri c´vex<br />

ar ganarCevs<br />

xolme klasebs. ganvixiloT, magaliTad, erTi aseTi winadadeba:<br />

so Gedu c ´ v e x kanwbon va c ´ v e x g i ton saral ber baƒzi<br />

bat¾mola `erTi Kvavi win gamoxta da winac wavida, ra meliis<br />

Tvalis amoTxra moindoma~. sitKva Gedu (`Kvavi~) ||| klass (niv-<br />

Tisas) ganekuTvneba, amitom mosalodneli iKo v-s nacvlad<br />

zmnisarTSi b niSani KofiliKo warmodgenili. SeiZleba gaCndes<br />

6<br />

7

STabeydileba, rom c´vex<br />

zmnisarTSi gaqvavebulia | klasis (mamakacis)<br />

v afiqsi, magram vfiqrob, rom am movlenas fonetikur<br />

niadagze moeZebneba ufro marTebuli axsna: amosavlad am SemTxvevaSi<br />

gveqneboda ||| klasis b niSniani forma c´eb<br />

eb¡x, xolo<br />

maxviliani e xmovnis mier fuZis SekumSvis Sedegad unda gaCeniliKo<br />

arabunebrivi bgeraTkompleqsi c´b sitKvis TavkidurSi<br />

(c´bex ← ceb¡x). amis gamo moxda bagismieri b-s Secvla aseve bagismieri<br />

v bgeriT: c´b → c´v; bgeraTkompleqsTa aseTi tipi<br />

(Tanxmovani + v) ki savsebiT Cveulebrivia xunZuris fonotaqtikisaTTvis<br />

da igi farTodaa gavrcelebuli sitKvaTa anlautSi.<br />

Tivis anwuxur metKvelebaSi umaxvilo xmovnebs SeemCneva<br />

dasustebis tendencia. aseTi xmovani advilad ganicdis xolme<br />

cvlilebas, mag., sitKvaSi bab (`deda~) umaxvilo a-s artikulacia<br />

Sesustebulia da or bagismier Tanxmovans Soris moqceuli<br />

igi TviTonac bagismieri xdeba, anu u xmovnad gardaiqmneba:<br />

bub. aGsaniSnavia, rom orive fonetikuri varianti am sitKvisa<br />

Tavisuflad SeiZleba Tanaarsebobdes erTi da imave piris<br />

metKvelebaSic.<br />

sitKvebis Tavkidur marcvalSi umaxvilo xmovanTa artikulaciis<br />

Sesusteba gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobia im SemTxvevaSi,<br />

roca aseTi xmovani maxvilianis identuria, anda maxvilianTan<br />

SedarebiT ufro maGali aweulobisaa, vTqvaT, mag., sitKvebSi<br />

dab `iq~, sadƒ `erTad~, sarƒan<br />

`GamiT~, meT¡r `xval~,<br />

ret¡l `tanisamosi~, suk¤m `saponi~, ƒijn `bavSvi~, hij¡ `axla~.<br />

aseve anTroponimebSic: siq¢nT<br />

nT, bit¢nT<br />

(qalis sakuTari<br />

saxelebia) da sxv. sitKvebis sxartad warmoTqmisas umaxvilo<br />

xmovnebi TiTqos arc ismis: dba, sdaƒ, srƒan, mTer, rtel, skum,<br />

ƒjan, hje, sqinT, btinT... aseTi ram SeiZleba moxdes zmnis analizur<br />

formebSic, mag., meSvelzmniani rij¢Tu vona<br />

(`Tanaxma<br />

var~) gabmul metKvelebaSi moismis ase: rj¢Tuon...<br />

aq SeiZleba gagvaxsendes tipologiurad msgavsi movlena<br />

qarTulSi: Zma ← Zam, Zlier ← Zal-¢er da sxv. rogorc garkveulia,<br />

xmovnis amoGeba fuZeSi da misi SekumSva gamouwvevia<br />

8<br />

Zlier dinamikur maxvils, romelic odesGac moqmedebda<br />

(arn. Ciqobava). magram Cvens enaSi es movlena ukve istoriis<br />

kuTvnilebaa, xolo anwuxurSi igi amjamad cocxali procesia.<br />

SeimCneva erTgvari tendencia sitKvis anlautSi TanxmovanTkompleqsebis<br />

gaCenisa. Kovel SemTxvevaSi, TanmxovanTa sabolood<br />

SerwKma Tu ara, maT Soris zGvaris Sesusteba da erTmaneTTan<br />

miaxloeba sagrZnobi xdeba.<br />

sxvaTa Soris, TviTon Tivis mkvidrni aGniSnaven, rom<br />

sitKvebs Cven ufro mokled warmovTqvamT, vidre xunZaxelebio.<br />

roca Tivel salihaT mahomedovas (1976 w. dab., medda)<br />

vTxove Tavad daewera zogierTi anwuxuri sitKva, man ase dawera:<br />

бт|атри (batTri `gascilda~), г|дин („id¢n `msgavsad~),<br />

г|диг|нугу („id¢„nugu `nu Cqarob~), гьресрох|но (her¡s´i rono<br />

`ilaparakes~), гьже (hij¡ `axla~.. ukve dawerili hqonda ase, magram<br />

Semdeg mainc Caumata и: гьиже). faqti sainteresoa im<br />

TvalsazrisiT, Tu rogor aGiqvams TviTon metKveli mSobliur<br />

metKvelebaSi arsebul movlenas, kerZod, xmovanTa dasustebas<br />

umaxvilo poziciaSi. es aisaxeba sitKvaTa dawerilobaSi, sadac<br />

umaxvilo xmovnebi saerTodac ar aris grafikulad gamosaxuli.<br />

Girssacnobia, rom calkeul sitKvaTa anlautSi ukve saboloood<br />

CamoKalibebuli Cans orwevra TanxmovanTkompleqsebi,<br />

romlebSic meore komponentad gvevlinebian sonori Tanmxovnebi<br />

l da r; aseTi kompleqsebia sl, Kl, Kr. magaliTebi:<br />

slu `salamuri~, `stviri~. amosavali saxe am sitKvisa iKo<br />

sul¤. kaxeTis anwuxur metKvelebaSi bevrad ufro adre<br />

il. cercvaZem gamoavlina misi yadaqolouri varianti amgvari<br />

saxiT: Solo<br />

lo. mkvlevars maxvili ar aGuniSnavs sitKvaSi.<br />

sitKva Klin `sigareti~ ← Kil¢n. ← Kal¢n; Sdr. lit.<br />

ƒal¢an, qarT. Kalion-i. il. cercvaZes igive sitKva gansxvavebulad<br />

aqvs dadasturebuli: Kalihan<br />

`papirosi~. sof. Tivis<br />

TqmaSi es ukanaskneli varianti amjamad aGar gvxvdeba.<br />

Krul `qvrivi~; Sdr. lit. Kor£l-av (| kl.), Kor£l-a (||<br />

kl.). il. cercvaZis Canaweris Tanaxmad, es sitKva anwuxurSi<br />

sxvagvarad gamoiTqmoda: Kurula<br />

la. KuradGebas iqcevs boloki-<br />

9

duri a-s gauCinarebis faqti. es bolosarTi xmovani klasis ni-<br />

Sans warmoadgenda, miGebuls -av da -a sufiqsTa fonetikuri<br />

gamartivebiT: av → a, a → a.<br />

Crdilour xunZurs sl, Kl, Kr TanxmovanTkompleqsebi<br />

sitKvis TavkidurSi eucxoeba.<br />

Tu umaxvilo xmovnis dasustebis Sedegad erTmaneTs miuaxlovdeba<br />

ori identuri Tanmxovani, maSin sitKvis TavkidurSi<br />

mTeli marcvali SeiZleba moikvecos. aseTi SemTxvevebi dasturdeba,<br />

magaliTad, kompozitebSi d¡lvac<br />

lvac´ `biZa mamis mxridan~,<br />

blvac<br />

lvac´ `biZa dedis mxridan~: d¡lvac´ ← ded¡lvac´, zedmiw.<br />

`mamis Zma~, blvac´ ← bablvac´, zedmiw. `dedis Zma~. anlautSi<br />

erTmaneTTan Zlier axlos aGmoCnda ori identuri Tanxmovani,<br />

romelTa dasaSoriSoreblad Sesustebul umaxvilo xmovans ukve<br />

Gone aGar Seswevda, xolo Semdgom moxda maTi gamartiveba<br />

erT Tanmxovnad: dd → d, bb → b; umaxvilo xmovani ki sruliad<br />

Seiwira am procesma. sainteresoa, rom amosavali formebi<br />

ded¡lvac<br />

lvac´, bablvac<br />

lvac´ kidev arseboben sof. Tivis metKvelebaSi<br />

d¡lvac<br />

lvac, blvac<br />

lvac´ kompozitTa paralelurad.<br />

calke aGsaniSnavia fonetikur cvlilebaTa SemTxvevebi maxviliani<br />

marcvlis momdevno poziciaSi. cvlilebebi SeiniSneba<br />

sxvadasxva sitKvebsa da formebSi. magaliTad:<br />

anTroponimebSi maxvili kumSavs fuZes momdevno umaxvilo<br />

marcvalSi xmovnis amoGebiT, mag., qalis sakuTar saxelebSi:<br />

sil¢mT<br />

← sil¢maT ← sal¢maT, siq¢nT<br />

← siq¢naT ← saq¢naT,<br />

bit¢nT<br />

← bit¢maT ← bat¢maT (Sdr. Crd. xunZuris fat¢maT),<br />

musl¢nT<br />

← musl¢maT. sakmaod niSandoblivia m → n anwuxuris<br />

anTroponimebSi, roca isini SeikumSebian xolme da m moeqceva<br />

T-s win. anTroponimi ruK¢T ← ruK¢aT... a difTongSi<br />

Cveulebriv qreba sruli xmovani, Tu es difTongi maxviliani<br />

i-s uSualo mezoblobaSi moeqceva xolme (amis sxva magaliTebi<br />

ix. qvemoTac).<br />

10<br />

mimGeobebsa da zedsarTavebSi: ¤nTra<br />

`avadmKofi~ ← ¤nTara,<br />

b¢trab<br />

`swori~ ← b¢t¾arab, bKrab<br />

`mSieri~ ← bKarab,<br />

w´lrab<br />

`wakiTxuli~ ← w´larab, b£‡rab<br />

`namKofi~ ← b£‡arab,<br />

bit¾rab<br />

`gaKofili~ ← b¢t¾arab (mag., mKar gamoTqmaSi tul-<br />

bit¾ra vac´ `GviZli Zma~, zedmiw. `GviZl-gaKofili Zma~),<br />

b£hrab<br />

`civi~ ← b£harab... wib `axali~ ← w¢ab...<br />

arsebiT saxelTa naTesaobiTi brunvis formebSi: sitKva Ci<br />

(`kaci~) naTesaobiTSi iqneba C¢s´ul `kacis~ ← C¢as´ul. a<br />

difTongSi a xmovnis gaqrobas Cveulebriv iwvevs winamavali<br />

maxviliani i. msgavsadve: gurj¢zul<br />

`qarTvelebisa~ ←<br />

gurj¢azul da sxv.<br />

sof. Tivis anwuxur TqmaSi maxvilTan dakavSirebuli fonetikuri<br />

procesebi Jer ar dasrulebula. SeiniSneba am mxriv<br />

arc Tu umniSvnelo sxvaobani sxvadasxva asakis pirTa metKvelebaSi.<br />

kidev araerTi faqti gamosavleni da sakvlevi rCeba.<br />

n o d a r a r d o t e l i<br />

gramatikuli klasebis sistema xunZuri enis<br />

zedsarTav saxelebSi<br />

1. cnobilia, rom xunZurSi srul (resp. gaformebul) zedsarTav<br />

saxelebs KovelTvis daerTvis klas-kategoriis sufiqsuri<br />

niSnebi, romlebic warmomavlobiT CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebis<br />

mzamzareul formebad aris miCneuli (Ciqobava 1942, 33;<br />

bokarevi 1949, 150; kikviZe 1958, 99; Ciqobava, cercvaZe 1962,<br />

185...).<br />

dasturdeba iseTi zedsarTavebic, romlebsac, sufiqsis<br />

garda, klasis eqsponenti prefiqsadac daerTvis, mag.: b-e-w-ab<br />

`bneli~, b-a-„ar-ab `wiTeli~, b-o-rxaT-ab `maGali~, b-a-w´ad-ab<br />

`sufTa~, `wminda~, b-i-c´aT-ab `sqeli~...<br />

2. Cveni azriT, zemomoKvanili zedsarTavis formebi unda<br />

iKvnen odindeli mimGeobebi, romlebmac mogvianebiT zedsarTa-<br />

11

vi saxelis statusi SeiZines. amas mowmoben saTanado zmnebi,<br />

romelTagan unda warmoqmniliKvnen amgvari zedsarTauli (resp.<br />

mimGeoburi) formebi * , mag.: b-¡-w-ab (Sdr. b-¡-w-i-ze `Caqroba~,<br />

`dabneleba~) `bneli~, b-a-„r-ab (Sdr. b-a-„r-i-ze `gacxeleba~,<br />

`dawva~...) `wiTeli~, b-£-rxaT-ab (Sdr.b-£-rx-i-ze `aweva~, `atana~...)<br />

`maGali~, b-a-w´ad-ab (Sdr. b--w´-i-ne `gawmenda~, `gasufTaveba~...)<br />

`wminda~, `sufTa~, b-¢-tar-ab (Sdr. b-¢-t-i-ze `gasworeba~,<br />

`gagzavna~...) `swori~, `pirdapiri~ da misT.<br />

iSviaTad SeiZleba analogiuri zedsarTavi saxeli zmnizedisganac<br />

momdinareobdes, mag.: b-i-c´T-ab (Sdr. b-i-c´T-<br />

`sqlad~) `sqeli~...<br />

sagulisxmo faqtia isic, rom saanalizo zedsarTavebsa da<br />

maT Sesabamis zmnur formebs maxvili erTsa da imave xmovanze<br />

moudis.<br />

3. mimGeoba, rogorc zedsarTavi saxeli, semantikuri gadaazrianebiT<br />

SeiZleba viTarebiT zedsarTav saxelad iqces. am<br />

movlenas bevr enaSi eZebneba analogi, maT Soris, qarTulSic,<br />

mag.: Kar-s _ m-Kr-al-i, wiT-s _ wiT-el-i, m-wiT-ur-i, Sr-eb-a _<br />

m-Sr-al-i...<br />

zemomoKvanili formebi (mKrali, m-wiT-ur-i...) amjamad zedsarTavebad<br />

gaigebian, Tumca istoriulad isini mimGeobebs<br />

warmoadgendnen.<br />

rac Seexeba funqciur mxares, sufiqsuri klas-niSani zedsarTav<br />

saxelsa da sazGvruls Soris atributuli kavSiris dasamKareblad<br />

gamoiKeneba, xolo prefiqsuli eqsponenti realuri<br />

subieqtis klass gamoxatavs.<br />

12<br />

* simartivisaTvis zedsarTavebs ||| klasis formiT vimowmebT.<br />

S u q i a a f r i d o n i Z e<br />

fonetikuri faqtoris roli<br />

terminTa Seqmnisas<br />

enis leqsikuri gamdidrebis, maT Soris axali terminebis<br />

Sesaqmnelad erT-erT ZiriTad saSualebad, leqsemaTa sesxebas-<br />

Tan erTad, samarTlianad iTvleba sitKvawarmoeba. derivaciul<br />

afiqsebs mraval enaSi, SeiZleba iTTqas, gadamwKveti mniSvneloba<br />

eniyeba terminologiis erovnul niadagze gamdidrebisaTvis.<br />

saliteraturo qarTuli Tavisi ganviTarebis istoriis manZilze<br />

amgvari nimuSebis unikalur magaliTebs iZleva.<br />

magram afiqsaciasTan erTad da mis paralelurad (Tumc<br />

Seudareblad naklebi doziT) terminologiis samsaxurSi dgeba<br />

fonetikuri cvlilebebic. gamoikveTa zogi amgvari cvlileba:<br />

aq ganvixilavT bgeris dakar<br />

kargvas<br />

da bgera<br />

raTa SerwKmas<br />

1. bgeris dakar<br />

kargva<br />

a) mrg<br />

rglo<br />

lova<br />

vani<br />

ni. qarTuli damwerlobis erT-erTi, qronologiurad<br />

pirveli safexuris saxelwodebaa mrglova<br />

vani<br />

ni, romlis<br />

amosavalia mimarTebiTi zedsarTavi mrgvlo<br />

lova<br />

vani<br />

(Serqmeulia<br />

asoebis formis mixedviT). nawarmoebi adieqtivis etimologia<br />

sruliad gamyvirvalea: igi miiGeba viTarebiTi (Zireuli)<br />

mrgval- zedsarTavisagan -ovan<br />

sufiqsis darTviT.<br />

swored am derivaciuli warmoebis _ xmovniT dawKebuli<br />

sufiqsis darTvis procesSi xdeba a xmovnis aucilebeli kum-<br />

Sva, ris Sedegadac Tavs iKris 5 Tanxmovani, romelTagan Kvela<br />

sonoria (mr<br />

mrgvl<br />

vl), garda erTisa. amitom ikargvis winamavali sonori<br />

v identuri sufiqsiseuli v Tanxmovnis gavleniT (disimilaciuri<br />

dakargva), ris Sedegadac viGebT gasubstantivebul<br />

grafologiur termins _ mrglovans<br />

vans.<br />

b) lursmu<br />

smuli<br />

li. analogiuri semantikisaa adieqturi warmo-<br />

Sobis sitKva lursmu<br />

smuli<br />

li, romlis etimologiac aseve gamyvirvalea:<br />

miGebulia lursman<br />

sman- saxelisagan (termini amJerad Seqmnilia<br />

weris iaraGis saxelis mixedviT). zedsarTavTa Kvelaze<br />

13

xSiri mawarmoeblis -ur<br />

sufiqsis darTva da fuZiseuli a<br />

xmovnis aucilebeli sinkopireba iwvevs ramdenime (4) Tanxmovnis<br />

TavmoKras. maTgan aseve Kvela sonoria, garda erTisa<br />

(rsmn<br />

mn). derivatis fonetikuri gamartiveba am SemTxvevaSic substantivaciis<br />

gavleniT iZleva saTanado grafologiur termins.<br />

g) kompoziciis gziT nawarmoebi sitKva Tana<br />

namo<br />

mosag<br />

sagre<br />

re, romelic<br />

amjamad qarTulSi ixmareba kolegiuri saqmianobis, ker-<br />

Zod, Tanamosaqmis mniSvnelobiT, warmoSobiT sinonimuri Tana<br />

na-<br />

meb<br />

ebrZo<br />

Zolis<br />

mniSvnelobidan momdinareobs da etimologiurad<br />

ukavSirdeba arsebiT saxels _ sangars<br />

(Sdr. rus. окоп). misi<br />

morfemuli analizi aseTia: Tana<br />

na-mo<br />

mo-sang<br />

sang(a)r-e. Srd. mo-sangr<br />

sangr-e<br />

ix. me-sangr<br />

sangr-e 1 .<br />

mo-_-e cirkumfiqsis xmovanTa darTvam gamoiwvia fuZiseuli<br />

a xmovnis aucilebeli kumSva: Tanamosangare > Tanamosangre;<br />

Semdgom etapze daikarga n sonoric, magram es gauCinareba mxolod<br />

fonetikur doneze ar darCenila da mas sitKvis semantikuri<br />

gadaxalisebis funqcia daekisra, roca amgvarad saxecvlilma<br />

saTanado sitKvam `TanamebrZolis~ metonimiis gziT<br />

ufro `mSvidobiani~ niuansi (ko<br />

kole<br />

legis<br />

gis, Tana<br />

namo<br />

mosaq<br />

saqmis<br />

mis, Tanam<br />

nam-<br />

Sromlis<br />

lisa) SeiZina _ am ukanaskneli sinonimiT ara oden oficialuri<br />

statusis, aramed realuri erToblivi, amasTan, myidro<br />

Tanamosaqmeobis aGsaniSnavad Tu misaniSneblad.<br />

d) kompozitisave farglebSi uCinardeba sonori m bgera<br />

`falsifikatoris~ qarTuli ekvivalentis _ `gamKalbeblis~<br />

terminologizaciis mizniT nawarmoeb kompozit `Kalbismqnel-<br />

Si~, romelic, Cveulebriv, dokumentebis an fulis damxatvels<br />

aGniSnavs. rusulSic es termini kompoziciis meSveobiT Seiqmna,<br />

oGond iq meore komponentad fuZe mone<br />

neta<br />

_ specifikuri<br />

sufiqsis darTviT _ damkvidrda, qarTulSi ki misi adgili<br />

mimGeoba mqnelma<br />

ma 2 daikava; terminologiuri kompozicia moxda<br />

m sonoris dakargvis Sedegad gamartivebis xarJze: Kalbismq<br />

bismq(m)ne<br />

ne-<br />

li. am zmnis mimGeobis amosavali qna Cans (Sdr. xalxuri derivaciuli<br />

warmoebis `ga<br />

gaaimas<br />

masqn<br />

qna~, romelic mix. JavaxiSvilma esoden<br />

marJved gamoiKena Tavisi cnobili romanis mTavari personajis<br />

_ kvayi kvayantiraZis aferistul-avantiuruli saqmianobis<br />

mxatvrulad daxasiaTebis mizniT).<br />

2. bgera<br />

raTa SerwKma<br />

qarTulSi bgeraTSerwKmis saxeliT cnobili SemTxvevebidan,<br />

romlebic, Cveulebriv, dialeqtizmebadaa kvalificirebuli<br />

(Tvali > Toli, Svidi > Sudi...), erT-erTi masdaruli<br />

warmoebis sitKva _ gamar<br />

marJve<br />

Jveba<br />

_ saliteraturo enaSi damkvidrda<br />

misalmebis formulad: gamar<br />

marJo<br />

Joba<br />

(< gamarJveba).<br />

aGniSnulma fonetikurma cvlilebam _ viniani kompleqsis bgeraTSerwKmam<br />

_ xeli SeuwKo mis erTgvar `konversias~. am terminSi<br />

aq nagulisxmebia saxelis gazmnaveba, romlis Sedegicaa<br />

sapasuxo formulis warmoqmna fuZiseuli v-s CavardniT da pirisa<br />

Tu qcevis prefiqsebisa da zmnis dro-kilouri paradigmis<br />

nakvTis mawarmoebeli sufiqsis gamoKenebiT: ga-g-i-marJ<br />

marJ-o-s/-T<br />

(< gagimarJvos/T), ga-u-marJ<br />

arJ-o-s/-T (< gaumarJvos/T).<br />

am zmnuri formulis analogiam Tavdapirveli gamar<br />

marJo<br />

Joba<br />

ba-c<br />

TandaTan zmnur paradigmebSi gadaiKvana, rasac mowmobs mravlobiTi<br />

ricxvisa Tu Tavaziani mimarTvis formebSi mravlobi-<br />

Tobis -T sufiqsis gaCena (ga<br />

gamar<br />

marJo<br />

Joba<br />

ba-T, bavSvebo! gamar<br />

marJo<br />

Joba<br />

ba-T,<br />

qalbatono Tamar!), romelic msgavs situaciebSi misalmebis pasuxad<br />

saTqmeli zmnuri gagi<br />

gimar<br />

marJo<br />

Jo-T formis analogiiT unda<br />

iKos Seqmnili.<br />

zemoaGniSnuli fonetikuri procesebis analizma gamokveTa<br />

erTi saerTo niSani: Kvela SemTxvevaSi semantikuri gadaxaliseba<br />

xdeba sono<br />

nori Tanxmov<br />

movne<br />

nebis<br />

an maTi Semcveli kompleqsebis<br />

1<br />

sagulisxmoa, rom `TanamebrZolis~ mniSvnelobiT rusulSi ixmareba<br />

соратник, romelic nawarmoebia rusuli sitKvisagan рать (= 1. Jari, laSqari; 2.<br />

brZola, omi) со- prefiqsiTa da -ник sufiqsiT (analogiuri warmoebisaTvis<br />

Sdr. Tana-m-Srom<br />

Srom-el<br />

el-i da misi rusuli SesatKvisi со-труд-ник).<br />

14<br />

2 aq iqneb zedmeti ar iKos imis aGniSvna, rom sitKva qmari, romelic dGes<br />

bunebrivadaa damkvidrebuli KofiTs sitKvaxmarebaSi, mimGeoburi warmoSobisave<br />

unda iKos, oGond am SemTxvevaSi Tavkiduri, mimGeobis mawarmoebeli m<br />

sonoris disimilaciuri dakargviT miGebuli.<br />

15

fonetikuri modifikaciis fonze.<br />

terminebis SeqmnaSi fonetikur cvlilebaTa rolis damadasturebeli<br />

zemoganxiluli magaliTebi Tumca sixSiriTa da<br />

produqtiulobiT sitKvawarmoebas ver Seedreba, magram maTi<br />

gaTvaliswineba, damatebiTi masalis gamovlena da saTanado kvalifikacia<br />

aucilebelia faqtobrivadac da meTodologiuri<br />

TvalsazrisiTac. msgavsi masalis analizi Tavis kuTvnil adgils<br />

daiyers specialur terminTa Tu specifikuri enobrivi<br />

formulebis Seqmna-CamoKalibebis kvlevaSi.<br />

l i a b a k u r a Z e<br />

Tvise<br />

sebi<br />

bisa<br />

da ricxvis<br />

eqspre<br />

spresi<br />

siuli<br />

gamoxat<br />

xatvis<br />

SemTxve<br />

mTxveve<br />

vebi<br />

-oba<br />

sufiq<br />

fiqsi<br />

sian<br />

saxe<br />

xeleb<br />

lebSi<br />

-oba<br />

sufiqsis erT-erTi funqciaa abstraqtuli da krebiTi<br />

saxelebis warmoeba. es sufiqsi, faqtobrivad, miuTiTebs<br />

sagnis an saganTa Tvisebaze: oficro<br />

roba<br />

ba, axalgaz<br />

gazrdo<br />

rdoba<br />

ba.<br />

am formebs erTdroulad aqvT Tvisebisa da simravlis<br />

gamoxatvis unari. -oba<br />

sufiqsiani krebiTi saxelebis warmoeba<br />

Kvela Ziridan ar xerxdeba. mag. mxatvro<br />

vroba<br />

ba, damla<br />

mlageb<br />

geblo<br />

loba sulac<br />

ar niSnavs mravals da mxolod Tvisebis aGmniSvnelia. -oba<br />

sufiqsis gverdiT gvaqvs -nar<br />

sufiqsiani krebiTi saxelebic.<br />

Zvel qarTulSi iSviaTad, magram mainc gvxvdeba -oba<br />

da<br />

-nar<br />

sufiqsiT nawarmoebi krebiTi saxelebic:<br />

x i l n a r n i iKvnes mSveni<br />

nier<br />

erni<br />

ni, egeTni<br />

ni, rome<br />

meli<br />

Koveli<br />

feri<br />

xili<br />

mun ipove<br />

vebo<br />

boda<br />

(amirandareJaniani).<br />

qari<br />

risa<br />

sagan<br />

x e v n a r T a Sigan<br />

Seeq<br />

eqmne<br />

mnebis<br />

hma (visramiani).<br />

smides<br />

da gaixa<br />

xareb<br />

rebdis<br />

dis, iKo dide<br />

debul<br />

bulTa<br />

J a l a b o b a<br />

(visramiani).<br />

Koveli<br />

m u s l i m a n o b a brZane<br />

neba<br />

basa<br />

Tqvensa<br />

morCi<br />

rCileb<br />

leb-<br />

des da mzesa<br />

Tqvensa<br />

ficev<br />

cevdes<br />

(visramiani).<br />

vfiqrobT, amosavali funqcia -oba<br />

sufiqsisa unda iKos<br />

16<br />

Tvisebis da ara simravlis, ricxvis gamoxatva.<br />

gramatikuli ricxvi Tu simravle, bunebrivia, sagnebisa<br />

Tu movlenebis Tvisobriv gansazGvrasac gvaZlevs da, piriqiT,<br />

Tvisebis maxasiaTebeli gadadis ricxobriv maxasiaTebelSi, radgan<br />

orive raodenobis kategoriaa, romelic sagnebisa da maTi<br />

nawilebis garegnul, formalur urTierTmimarTebas gamoxatavs:<br />

Tvisebas, sidides _ zomas, wonas, ricxvs, aseve ama Tu im<br />

Tvisebis xarisxs.<br />

-oba<br />

sufiqsiani saxelebis saxasiaTo Tvisebis ricxobriv-<br />

Si gadasvlisaTvis, is unda axasiaTebdes mxolod adamianTa<br />

klass da am maxasiaTebliT gamoarCios igi sazogadoebis sxva<br />

nawilisagan: maswav<br />

wavleb<br />

leblo<br />

loba<br />

ba, oficro<br />

roba<br />

ba, glexo<br />

xoba<br />

(adamianTa<br />

garkveuli socialuri statusi). Tvisebis simravle paralelurad<br />

moiazreba rogorc araTvladi simravle (axalgazrdoba<br />

_Tviseba; axalgazrdoba _simravle am Tvisebis matarebeli<br />

xalxisa). mas SeuZlia meoreuli gadaazrianebis Semdeg xelaxla<br />

moirgos Tvisebis gageba da axla uve simravlis sisrule<br />

gansazGvros. mTeli<br />

axalgaz<br />

gazrdo<br />

rdoba<br />

aq iKo.. gamodis, rom ricxvi<br />

(araTvladi simravle) da Tviseba monacvleoben erTmaneT-<br />

Si da amitom paralelurad gamoxataven orive kategorias. es<br />

eqspresiulobis gamoxatvis erT-erTi saSualebaa enaSi. simravlis<br />

eqspresiulobis ganviTarebis procesi ase gvesaxeba: 1. ka-<br />

cebi<br />

_ kaco<br />

coba<br />

wKvilis gaCena SesaZlebelia gapirobebuli iKos<br />

simravlis eqspresiulobis gamoxatvis sayiroebiT. 2. Semdeg,<br />

mogvianebiT -oba<br />

sufiqsi iZens erTgvari qvekategoriis mawarmoeblis<br />

funqcias (kacoba, glexoba), amitom eqspresiulobis<br />

gamosaxatavad sayiro xdeba msazGvrel mTelis<br />

damatebac.<br />

qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi, Tavis mxriv, mravlobiTis<br />

gamosaxatavad monacvleobs -oba<br />

da -eb<br />

sufiqsi: mTeli<br />

xel-<br />

mwifo<br />

foba<br />

ba, Kvela<br />

xelmwi<br />

mwife<br />

feebi<br />

bi/ mTeli<br />

xelmwi<br />

mwife<br />

feebi<br />

bi. ori<br />

msazGvreli _ mTeli<br />

da Kvela<br />

ki ganarCevs Tvlad da araTvlad<br />

saganTa simravles. aqac mTelis<br />

darTviT eb sufiqsiani<br />

mravlobiTis formaze Cans enaSi Tvladidan araTvlad simravleSi<br />

gadasvlis tendencia. Tumca, zogJer dialeqtebSi proce-<br />

17

si ise Sors aris wasuli, rom Tvisebis simravles SeiZleba<br />

msazGvrelad moevlinos ricxviTi saxeli, isev Tvladi simravlis<br />

msazGvreli: ori komlo<br />

loba<br />

(fe<br />

fere<br />

reid<br />

idnu<br />

nuli<br />

li).<br />

es ki gvafiqrebinebs,<br />

rom raodenobis kategoriebs Soris monacvleobis procesi<br />

uwKvetia da eqspresiulobis xarisxzea damokidebuli.<br />

c i r a b a r b a q a Z e<br />

samKaros enobri<br />

rivi<br />

sura<br />

raTe<br />

Tebi<br />

poetur<br />

metKvele<br />

leba<br />

baSi<br />

(`var<br />

varskvla<br />

skvlave<br />

vebis<br />

poeti<br />

tika<br />

ka~ ana kalan<br />

landa<br />

daZis<br />

poezi<br />

ziaSi<br />

Si)<br />

calkeul avtorTa poetur SemoqmedebaSi gamoiKofa ise-<br />

Ti `sitKva_nawarmoebebi~, `sitKva_konceptebi~, romelTa gar-<br />

Semo SeiZleba gadaewKos poetis enobrivi samKaro. imisaTvis,<br />

rom amgvari sitKva_konceptebi, semantemebi, gamovlindes, aucilebelia:<br />

a) teqtSi semantemis gamoKenebis maGali sixSire, markireba;<br />

b) aGniSnuli semantemis metaforulobis maGali xarisxi,<br />

rac gamoixateba axal mniSvnelobaTa warmoqmnaSi;<br />

g) poetis Semoqmedebis koncepti Tavisi funqcionirebiT<br />

teqstSi gamoxatavs avtoris ideas.<br />

Cveni kvlevis obieqts am mimarTulebiT warmoadgenda ana<br />

kalandaZis poezia. poetur nawarmoebSi aris iseTi simboloebi,<br />

romlebic iTxoven interpretacias Tavad avtorisaTvis<br />

(m. mamardaSvili). kvlevis Sedegad poetis SemoqmedebaSi gamoikveTa<br />

sitKva-koncepti `var<br />

varskvla<br />

skvlavi<br />

vi~.<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom semantema `varskvlavi~ metnaklebi<br />

sixSiriT TiTqmis Kvela poetis SemoqmedebaSi gvxvdeba, magram<br />

ana kalandaZis `varskvlavi~ namdvilad gansakuTrebulia. ratom<br />

maincdamainc es sitKva? kiTxvaze pasuxi martivia da poetis individualobidan<br />

momdinareobs. rogorc Cans, am sitKviT gamo-<br />

18<br />

xatuli azri Kvelaze metad enaTesaveba poetis suls. sitKvis<br />

pirdapiri mniSvnelobidan dawKebuli mis Kvelaze ufro dausazGvrav<br />

mniSvnelobamde, TiTqmis Kvelafers Tavi mouKria ana<br />

kalandaZis SemoqmedebaSi.<br />

ana kalandaZis poeturi teqstebis mixedviT, sitKva `varskvlavis~<br />

saboloo azri uflisken midis, varskvlavi uflis<br />

erT-erTi epiTetia, saboloo aGsaniSni GmerTia, romelic Tavad<br />

dausazGvravia da dausazGvravia is semantemac, romelic<br />

misi aGmniSvneli xdeba.<br />

feSenko wers: `Tu davuSvebT, rom semiotikas aqvs Tavisi<br />

ganviTarebis siujeti, maSin am ganviTarebis kulminacia is wertilia,<br />

romelSic semiotika xvdeba poetikas~.<br />

maS, raze gadis gza azridan sitKvisken da piriqiT,<br />

sitKvidan azrisken? amaze vigotski gvipasuxebda: `...azri ar em-<br />

Txveva araTu sitKvebs, aramed arc maT mniSvnelobebs, romlebiTac<br />

is gamoiTqmeba. gza azridan sitKvisken mniSvnelobaze gadis.<br />

Cvens metKvelebaSi KovelTvis aris dafaruli qveteqsti.<br />

am winaaGmdegobis dasaZlevad iqmneba axali gza azridan<br />

sitKvisken sitKvaTa axali mniSvnelobebis gavliT~ (vigotski).<br />

swored aseT axal mniSvnelobebs gvTavazobs poeturi metKveleba.<br />

iqneb arc ise axalia dGeisTvis is azri, romelic Tavis<br />

droze kantma gamoxata agreTve metaforulad: ori ram maocebs<br />

amqveKnad _ varskvlavebiani ca Cem zemoT da moraluri<br />

kanoni CemSi! _ moraluri kanoni Tu uflismieria (da namdvilad<br />

aris uflismieri), masTan varskvlavebiani cis dakavSireba<br />

sulac ar aris SemTxveviTi da amasve adasturebs kantis am azris<br />

ana kalandaZiseuli reinterpretacia. iqneb samKaro sul<br />

ramdenime metaforis (re)interpretaciaa?<br />

19

g u r a m b e d o S v i l i<br />

sitKva `kaxambalis<br />

kaxambalis~ Sesaxeb<br />

`ka<br />

kaxam<br />

xamba<br />

bali<br />

li~ rogorc mexileobis termini mxolod qarTuli<br />

enis dasavluri dialeqtebisTvis (imeruli, rayuli, leCxumuri,<br />

guruli, ayaruli) aris cnobili. dokumentobriv `ka<br />

kaxam<br />

xamba<br />

ba-<br />

li~ º `ka<br />

kaxa<br />

xaba<br />

bali<br />

li~ warmodgenilia polik<br />

lik. JaJa<br />

Jani<br />

niZis<br />

`guruli leqsikonis<br />

masalebSi~, mix. alavi<br />

viZis<br />

`qvemorayul leqsikonSi~, SuSa<br />

Sa-<br />

na futka<br />

kara<br />

raZis<br />

monografiaSi `Cveneburebis qarTuli~ da a. S.<br />

`ka<br />

kaxam<br />

xamba<br />

bali<br />

li~, ramdenadac viciT, dGemde ganmartebuli ar<br />

Kofila. zogadad cnobilia, rom kaxambali hqvia msxvilmarcvlian<br />

TeTr da Sav bals. aragvis xeobis qarTlurSi amgvar<br />

TeTr bals `spanski bali~ ewodeba, rac mis Semosulobaze<br />

metKvelebs. rac Seexeba termin `ka<br />

kaxam<br />

xambals<br />

bals~ igi qarTuli enis<br />

dasavlur kiloebze metKveli xalxis kuTvnilebaa. igi unda<br />

ganvmartoT rogorc `kva<br />

kvaxa<br />

xaba<br />

bali<br />

li~ (kvaxiviT msxvilnaKofa bali),<br />

kvax- sitKviT xazgasmulia naKofis zoma, simsxo. saKuradGebo<br />

is aris, rom qarTuli enis aGmosavlur kiloebSi kaxam<br />

xamba<br />

balis<br />

lis,<br />

kaxa<br />

xaba<br />

balis<br />

nacvlad `gog<br />

gogra<br />

raba<br />

bali<br />

li~ gvxvdeba. kaxam<br />

xambal<br />

bal- formaSi<br />

m-ani mjGeri b-anis win ganviTarebula, umano formaSi (ka<br />

kaxa<br />

xaba<br />

ba-<br />

li) kvax sitKvis gamartiveba momxdara: kvax-a a bali<br />

> kaxa<br />

xa-ba<br />

ba-<br />

li, Cans piris saxel kaxa<br />

xa-sTan asociaciuri dakavSirebis gamo.<br />

m a r i n e b e r i Z e , d a v i T n a d a r a i a<br />

dialeq<br />

leqtu<br />

turi<br />

teqste<br />

stebis<br />

korpu<br />

pusis<br />

pirve<br />

vela<br />

ladi<br />

anoti<br />

tire<br />

reba<br />

(proeqti: saqarTvelos lingvisturi portreti)<br />

meore welia mimdinareobs muSaoba proeqtze `saqarTvelos<br />

lingvisturi portreti~. am droisaTvis Sesrulebulia<br />

mniSvnelovani samuSao sami ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT: teqstebis<br />

20<br />

koleqciis eleqtronuli versiis Seqmna, axali teqstebis mopoveba,<br />

korpusis arqiteqturisa da monacemTa bazis Seqmnis principebis<br />

SemuSaveba.<br />

korpusis, `mSeneblobisas~ erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi<br />

etapia anotireba. ganasxvaveben `zedapiruli~ da `Grma~ anotirebis<br />

korpusebs. korpusis lingvistikis Tanamedrove praqtika-<br />

Si miGebuli gzaa etapobrivi anotireba.<br />

Cven viwKebT zedapiruli _ pirveladi morfologiuri<br />

da semantikuri anotirebiT, Tumca mimdinareobs Teoriuli<br />

muSaoba korpusis Grma anotirebis logikuri platformis<br />

mosamzadeblad.<br />

dGeisaTvis korpusi warmoadgenilia hiperteqstis principiT<br />

gamTlianebuli `subkorpusebis~ saxiT, romelic moicavs:<br />

gamocemul dialeqtur teqstebs, saeqspedicio masalas, dialeqtur<br />

leqsikonebs, mxatvrul da samecniero literaturaSi damowmebul<br />

dialeqtur formaTa saZieblebs da sxv. gaTvaliwinebulia<br />

korpusTan migraciuli procesebisa da toponimikuri<br />

cxrilebis integrirebac.<br />

pirvelad morfologiur da semantikur anotirebas `gaivlis~<br />

dGemde dafiqsirebuli Kvela sitKvaforma da leqsikuri<br />

erTeuli, Tumca proeqtis farglebSi gaTvaliswinebulia mxolod<br />

fereidnuli, ingilouri da TuSuri masalis anotireba.<br />

mocemul etapze ukve gaaqtiurebulia korpusis erT-erTi<br />

mTavari da pirveladi (zedapiruli) anotirebisTvis aucilebeli<br />

_ konkordansis avtomaturi warmoqmnis funqcia, rac gulisxmobs<br />

anbanze gawKobili saerTo sitKvanisa da masTan dakav-<br />

Sirebuli konteqstebis avtomatur warmodgenas.<br />

pirveladi morfologiuri anotirebis procesi ase<br />

gamoiKureba (muSaobis procesSi is SeiZleba kidev ufro daixvewos):<br />

1. sitKvis arCeva;<br />

2. anotirebis velis gaaqtiureba;<br />

3. morfologiuri statusis miniyeba (zmna, saxeli, saxelzmna,<br />

formaucvleli sitKva, rTuli morfologiuri sta-<br />

21

tusis sitKva (enklitika da sxv. SemTxvevebi);<br />

4. saleqsikono formis (masdaris an saxelobiTi brunvis)<br />

miniyeba (gansazGvra);<br />

5. saliteraturo SesatKvisis miniyeba;<br />

6. saliteraturo saleqsikono formis miniyeba;<br />

7. konteqstis arCeva dialeqtis mixedviT da konkretul<br />

formasTan misi dakavSireba.<br />

Sesabamisad, Zebna korpusSi ganxorcieldeba nebismieri am<br />

maxasiaTeblis mixedviT.<br />

rogorc cnobilia, ZiriTadi enobrivi fondis sitKvebi<br />

dialeqtur leqsikonebSi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi aisaxeba, roca<br />

isini damatebiTi mniSvnelobiT aGiyurvebian (e. w. semantikuri<br />

dialeqtizmebi). korpusis lingvisturi anotirebis sistema SesaZleblobas<br />

iZleva, Seswavlil iqnes dialeqtis aqtiur mimoqcevaSi<br />

mKofi saerTo fondis leqsikac, ganisazGvros misi roli,<br />

variaciulobis done, variaciulobis mizezi. statistikuri,<br />

kvantitatiuri, sociolingvisturi da sxv. mimarTulebebiT<br />

kvlevis obieqtad iqces erTi mxriv, dialeqturi metKvelebis<br />

mTliani enobrivi qsovili da meore mxriv, mxolod is gansxvavebuli,<br />

specifikuri leqsika an gramatikuli saSualebebi, rac<br />

am dialeqts axasiaTebs.<br />

m a n a n a b u k i a<br />

sinonimebisaTvis megrul mesaqonleobis<br />

obis<br />

leqsikaSi<br />

moxsenebaSi ganixileba megruli mesaqonleobis leqsikaSi<br />

warmodgenili sinonimebis rigi, garkveulia maTi gavrcelebis<br />

areali, is morfologiuri inventari, riTac xdeba sinonimTa<br />

warmoeba.<br />

sinonimebs ZiriTadad qmnis megruli (Zireuli da warmo-<br />

22<br />

qmnili) da nasesxebi sitKvebis wKvili.<br />

rZis sawuris aGsaniSnavad gamoiKeneba owirali º owire º<br />

owireSi (zedm. `sawuravi~, `sawuri~, `sawurisi~). sintagma bjaS<br />

owira<br />

rali<br />

(zedm. `rZis sawuri~), paralelurad gvxvdeba qarTulidan<br />

momdinare sawˆri (← sawuri). Sdr. sawu<br />

wura<br />

ravi<br />

`riTac<br />

unda wuron, rZis sawuri~ (qegl), imer. sawu<br />

wuri<br />

`rZis gasawuri<br />

mowKobiloba~, ayar. sawu<br />

wuria<br />

`rZis sawuri~, svan. lawŸd’r º<br />

lawŸdr `rZis sawuri~. lazurSi (da ayarulSic) am mniSvnelobiT<br />

Turqulidan SeTvisebuli suzgi<br />

gamoiKeneba. mTian samegreloSi<br />

paralelurad gvxvdeba xara<br />

raza<br />

º xara<br />

raza<br />

zaka<br />

º xara<br />

raZa<br />

Zaga<br />

º xˆraZa<br />

Zaga<br />

gafa<br />

fa, romelic momdinareobs afxazuri a-xra<br />

xraZa<br />

Zaga<br />

ga-dan<br />

(a-x `rZe~, a-ra<br />

raZa<br />

Zaga<br />

`wurva, gamowurva~).<br />

mwKemsis aucilebeli inventaris, rkinamocmuli Joxis aGsaniSnavad<br />

megruli iKenebs terminebs: biga<br />

ga, romelic Cans dasavlur<br />

mikrosistemebSi: imer. bigi<br />

`saKrdeni Joxi~, gur. biga<br />

`orkapa Tivis asaGebi Joxi~, sintagmebi: kaGuami<br />

keti<br />

(zedm.<br />

`kaviani Joxi~), Cxvindami keti<br />

(zedm. `cxviriani Joxi~) da<br />

afxazuridan SeTvisebuli laba<br />

baSa<br />

Sa-s (afx. a-labaSa `mwKemsis Joxi,<br />

kverTxi~).<br />

sinonimTa rigs qmnis gvaba<br />

bala<br />

`xis gobi, romelzec zelen<br />

suluguns~ (← gobela), niso<br />

sori<br />

da sparsulidan SeTvisebuli<br />

barqa<br />

qaSi<br />

º barqa<br />

qaSia<br />

Sia. gvaba<br />

bala<br />

qarTveluridan nasesxobis saxiT<br />

gvaqvs afxazurSi a-gaba<br />

abalaa<br />

formiT.<br />

megrulSi SeTvisebulia daGis, seris aGmniSvneli orive<br />

sitKva: daGi da xnwra º xˆnwra º xˆnwˆra º Zinwi<br />

wira<br />

ra. pirveli<br />

sparsulidanaa Semosuli, meore ki afxazuridan (a-xwa<br />

xwara<br />

`seri~).<br />

SevniSnavT, rom afxazuridan nasesxebi sitKvebi ZiriTadad<br />

mTian samegreloSia gavrcelebuli.<br />

xSirad martivi formis sinonimad gamoiKeneba warmoqmnili<br />

sitKvebi (ZiriTadad mimGeobebi).<br />

niga<br />

º nˆga-s (`sawveluli~) paralelurad gamoiKeneba<br />

mimGeoburi warmoSobis enaqva<br />

vala<br />

lari<br />

(zedm. `Casawveli~). Sdr.<br />

sawve<br />

wvele<br />

leli º sawve<br />

wvele<br />

lela<br />

la `xis an Tixis pirganieri Grma yuryeli,<br />

romelSic wvelian~ (qegl), imer. sawve<br />

wveli<br />

`qoTani, romel-<br />

23

Sic Zroxas wvelian~, qiziK. sawve<br />

wvele<br />

leli<br />

li `sarZeuli, tolCa, romelSic<br />

wvelian~. sainteresoa, rom afxazurSi megrulidan nasesxebi<br />

a-nˆga<br />

mxolod abjuur dialeqtSi gvxvdeba, bzifurSi<br />

mas a-x½ar<br />

ar Caenacvleba.<br />

zari<br />

º zara<br />

º zare<br />

formas xSirad Caenacvleba nagenetivari<br />

oreke<br />

keSi<br />

(zedm. `sarekisi~). Sdr. afxaz. a-sark<br />

sark½al<br />

al `zari~<br />

(← qarT. sare<br />

reke<br />

keli<br />

li).<br />

warmoqmnili formebiT gadmoicema megrulSi karvis mzareulis<br />

aGmniSvneli sitKvebi. me_e cirkumfiqsiT nawarmoebi me-<br />

xil-e-s gverdiT gvxvdeba marTuli kompoziti kareS<br />

reSma<br />

madi<br />

diara<br />

rafa<br />

fa-<br />

li zedm. `karvis dampurebeli~ (ka<br />

kare<br />

`karavi~, ma-di<br />

diar<br />

ar-af<br />

af-al<br />

al-i<br />

`mymeveli, dampurebeli~).<br />

zogJer termini sintagmiTaa warmodgenili, sadac sazGvruli<br />

erTi (saerTo) sitKvaa, sinonimebs ki msazGvreli qmnis:<br />

dida da Cxou (zedm. `deda Zroxa~) º mayval Cxou (zedm. `mewveli<br />

Zroxa~) º mebja<br />

bjalu Cxou (zedm. `merZeve Zroxa~) zogadad<br />

`furs~ aGniSnavs.<br />

kareS JoGori (zedm. `karvis ZaGli~) º meSxu<br />

SxureS JoGori<br />

(zedm. `mwKemsis ZaGli~) zogadad mecxvaris ZaGlis, nagazis<br />

aGmniSvnelia.<br />

S a l v a g a b e s k i r i a<br />

metKvelebis aGmniSvneli qarTveluri zmnebis<br />

zogi Taviseburebis Sesaxeb<br />

1. metKvelebis aGmniSvneli qarTveluri zmnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia<br />

droTa ganmavlobaSi maTi erTi nawilis xmarebidan<br />

gamosvla da mis nacvlad axali zmnuri fuZeebis damkvidreba.<br />

amisda miuxedavad zogierTi maTgani qarTvelur fuZe-enas<br />

ganekuTvneba (s.-qarTv. *Tq<br />

TqŸ-, Sum. dug- `Tqma~?).<br />

24<br />

qarTvelur verbum dicendi-Si SeiniSneba mokle zmnebis na-<br />

cvlad grZeli leqsemebis damkvidrebis tendencia. amgvar magaliTebs<br />

Sorisaa fonetikurad msgavsi da Sesabamisad nakleb<br />

gamomxatveli mokle zmnebi.<br />

Zv. qarT. Tq‚s, itK‚s (`ambobs~) _ ax. qarT. ambobs<br />

bobs,<br />

lapa<br />

para<br />

rakobs<br />

kobs.<br />

mokle zmnaTa sicocxlisunarianobas xels uwKobs enaSi<br />

maTgan nawarmoeb saxelebis arsebobac. zmna bar _ mouba<br />

bari<br />

ri, sauba<br />

bari<br />

ri, itKvis _ sitKva, laz. ot(k)u `Tqma, kiTxva~ _ zita<br />

(zi-ta) `sitKva~.<br />

zmnaTa cvlilebis erT-erTi mizezia maTi semantikuri `cve-<br />

Ta~, ris Sedegadac xSirad salaparako enidan saliteraturo-<br />

Si Cndeba axali leqsemebi. Cans, Tavis droze qarTul saliteraturo<br />

enaSi amgvarad damkvidrda ambobs<br />

bobs, lapa<br />

para<br />

rakobs<br />

zmnebi,<br />

romelTa mniSvnelobiTac amjamad xSirad arasworad iZaxis<br />

zmnac gamoiKeneba.<br />

qarTul mwerlobasTan kavSiris gawKvetis gamo zanuri enis<br />

lazur kilo-kavebSi zepirmetKvelebis gziT gaCenili metKvelebis<br />

aGmniSvneli mravali zmna dasturdeba. saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi<br />

berZnul da Turqul enebTan kontaqtebis Sedegad lazurSi<br />

ucxo enebidan zepiri gziT Semosuli saxelebidan warmoqmnili<br />

zmnuri fuZeebi gaCnda: opara<br />

rami<br />

miTu<br />

Tu, oxapa<br />

paru<br />

ru, olaqi<br />

qidu<br />

du.<br />

2. xangrZlivi istoriis mqone qarTuli saliteraturo<br />

enis verbum dicendi-Si dronakl da fuZemonacvle zmnebs Soris<br />

nakvTTa awmKos wKebaSi ixmareba ubno<br />

noba<br />

da relatiuri eubne<br />

neba<br />

zmnebi (mK. etKvis, nam. uTxra, Turm. I uTqvams<br />

qvams). specialur<br />

literaturaSi ubnoba, msgavsad `laparakisa~, ufro nasaxelar<br />

zmnadaa miCneuli: uban: uban-ob-a → ubn-ob-a (v. Tofuria,<br />

iv. qavTaraZe, f. erTeliSvili).<br />

ubnobs qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi sxvadasxva formiTaa dadasturebuli:<br />

ubnobs<br />

(zemoimeruli, rayuli, leCxumuri), ug-<br />

nobs (ayaruli). dialeqtebis leqsikur SemadgenlobaSi fiqsirebulia<br />

aseve ebne<br />

neba<br />

ba, ebne<br />

neva<br />

va.<br />

ubno<br />

noba<br />

zmnis istoriisa da struqturis aGsadgenad gasaTvaliswinebelia<br />

Zveli da saSuali qarTuli enis ZeglTa mona-<br />

25

cemebi. xmovanTa funqcionaluri monacvleobis maCvenebel im<br />

magaliTebs Soris, romlebSic e vnebiTs ar gamoxatavs, dasaxelebulia<br />

uban-i da euben<br />

formebic (v. Tofuria), Sdr. `vefxistKaosnis~<br />

euben<br />

(`uTxari, elaparake~), agreTve meore seriis<br />

moqmedebiTis forma da-g-i-ubn<br />

ubn-e (kimeni) da sxv.<br />

gansaxilveli zmna nasaxelari unda iKos, ban-idan miGebuli<br />

(`xma~, `sitKva~), bani<br />

ƒmis SewKoba (saba). ban-isa da bar-is<br />

(abar-eb-s) kvlevisTvis gasaTvaliswinebeli Cans somxur enaSi<br />

povnieri qarTveluri formebi da mniSvnelobebi: ban `sitKva~,<br />

`saqme~, bar `sitKva~. banis mniSvneloba axal qarTulSi daviwrovda.<br />

ban-s ukavSirdeba e-ban<br />

ban-is saxelwodebac.<br />

g v a n c a g v a n c e l a Z e<br />

-ur<br />

urº-ul<br />

ul sufiqsTa erTi funqcia istoriuli<br />

sabuTebis mixedviT<br />

specialur samecniero literaturaSi -ur<br />

da -ul<br />

daboloebebidan<br />

amosavlad pirveli miiCneva, meore ki mis fonetikur<br />

variantad ganixileba. cnobilia, rom oden -ur sufiqss mravali<br />

funqcia aqvs da awarmoebs:<br />

a) niSan-Tvisebis gamomxatvel zedasarTavebs (kac-ur<br />

ur-i,<br />

Zm-ur<br />

ur-i...);<br />

b) warmomavlobis zedsarTavebs (qalaq-ur<br />

ur-i, Tbilis-ur<br />

ur-i,<br />

aqa-ur<br />

ur-i...);<br />

g) gvarsaxelebs (buCuk-ur<br />

ur-i, GuduSa-ur<br />

ur-i...);<br />

d) gaTxovil qalTa qaliSvilobis gvaris variantebs (kviniko-ur<br />

ur-i, fxako-ur<br />

ur-i...);<br />

e) masdarTa erT tips (JuJG-ur<br />

ur-i,<br />

faT-ur<br />

ur-i...)<br />

(ix.:<br />

b. JorbenaZe, m. kobaiZe, m. beriZe, qarTuli enis morfemebisa da<br />

modaluri elementebis leqsikoni).<br />

26<br />

daboloeba -ul<br />

saxelebze darTvisas gamoiKeneba imave funqciebiT,<br />

oGond dasturdeba mxolod maSin, roca fuZeSi aris<br />

r Tanxmovani(ix.: dasax. naSr., gv. 390-392).<br />

am konteqstSi KuradGebas ipKrobs Sua saukuneebSi Sedgenil<br />

iuridiul dokumentebSi dadasturebuli uamravi mikrotoponimi,<br />

romelTa fuZeebSi aSkarad gamosaKofia -ur<br />

da -ul<br />

daboloebani da am daboloebebs aqvT zemoT dasaxelebulTagan<br />

gansxvavebuli funqcia _ gamoxaton miwis nakveTis, nagebobis<br />

an saflavis kuTvnileba ama Tu im pirisadmi. Kvela am mikrotoponims<br />

safuZvlad udevs piris (ZiriTadad mamakacis) sakuTari<br />

saxelebi, anda metsaxelebi, iSviaTad ki _ gvarsaxelebic.<br />

aGsaniSnavia isic, rom am Jgufis mikrotoponimTa erTi nawili<br />

orsitKviania (msazGvrel-sazGvrulis tipisa), meore nawili ki<br />

aSkarad orsitKviani mikrotoponimebisagan momdinare TiTositKviani<br />

saxelebia (gasubstantivebuli msazGvrelebi).<br />

o r s i t K v i a n i m i k r o t o p o n i m e b i a:<br />

alvena-ur<br />

ur-i mamuli (1639 w., 1693 w.); antona-ur<br />

ur-i venaxi<br />

(1655 w.), arsena-ul<br />

ul-i saflavi (XV s.), arJevena-ul<br />

ul-i mamuli da<br />

sasaxle (1609 w.), barda-ul<br />

ul-i miwa (1659 w.), bedian-ur<br />

ur-i venaxi<br />

(1655 w.), bendian-ur<br />

ur-i saxli (1482 w.), berZena-ul<br />

ul-i mindori<br />

(1660 w.) burdula-ul<br />

ul-i mamuli (1678 w.), burnaKa-ul<br />

ul-i miwa<br />

(XVIIs.), buGlia-ur<br />

ur-i mamuli (1584 w.), gamrekela-ur<br />

ur-i mamuli<br />

(1654 w.), gemia-ur<br />

ur-i mamuli (1673 w.), sulia-ur<br />

ur-i venaxi (1477 w.),<br />

tabarvana-ul<br />

ul-i mamuli (XVII s.), toxa-ur<br />

ur[i]miwa (1612 w.), turia-ul<br />

ul-i venaxi (1609 w.) fanqvel-ur<br />

ur-i miwa (XVII s.) fasa-ur<br />

ur-i<br />

mamuli (XVII s.), filimana-ur<br />

ur-i savenaxe (XVII s.), futura-ul<br />

ul-i<br />

mamuli (XVIIs.), Sio-ur<br />

ur-i mamuli (XVII s.), gogora-ul<br />

ul-i mamuli<br />

(XVII s.), gula-ur<br />

ur-i venaxi (1695 w.), gula-ur<br />

ur-i yala (XIV s.),<br />

TaKa-ur<br />

ur-i venaxi (1694 w.), Teodora-ul<br />

ul-i navenaxebi (daaxl.<br />

1258 w.), ivanaZe-ul<br />

ul-i mamuli (1559 w.), miqela-ur<br />

ur-i mamuli<br />

(1661 w.), samsona-ur<br />

ur-i mamuli (1624 w.) guJaba-ur<br />

ur-i partaxi<br />

(1259 w.), msxila-ur<br />

ur-i partaxi (1578 w.) da mr. sxvani.<br />

27

28<br />

e r T s i t K v i a n i m i k r o t o p o n i m e b i:<br />

uri-ul<br />

ul-i (1683 w.), folada-ur<br />

ur-i (XVII s.), qaCala-ur<br />

ur-i<br />

(1696 w.), Salva-ur<br />

ur-i (1398 w.), cicqi-ur<br />

ur-i (1628 w.), Javel-<br />

ur-i (1700 w.), abaza-ur<br />

ur-i (1632 w.), ambia-ul<br />

ul-i (1651 w.), buza-<br />

ur-i (1659 w.), gagna-ur<br />

ur-i (1559 w.), grZela-ur<br />

ur-i (1668 w.), gugula-ur<br />

ur-i (1655 w.), gulia-ur<br />

ur-i (1568 w.), deva-ur<br />

ur-i (XVI-XVII<br />

ss.), diGmela-ur<br />

ur-i (1524 w.), Tormane-ul<br />

ul-i (XVII s.), gvaza-ur<br />

ur-i<br />

(XVII s.), islama-ur<br />

ur-i (1662 w.), maxara-ul<br />

ul-i (1467 w.), manana-ur<br />

uri<br />

(1700 w.), maCxa-ur<br />

ur-i (XVII s.), nadira-ul<br />

ul-i (1614 w.), sapona-<br />

ur-i (XVII s.) da mr. sxvani.<br />

saKuradGeboa, rom -ul<br />

daboloeba dasturdeba zog iseT<br />

fuZesTanac, romlebic r Tanxmovans ar Seicaven. aseTebia, magaliTad,<br />

mikrotoponimebi: ivanaZe-ul<br />

ul-i mamuli (1559 w.), ivane-<br />

ul-i nasasaxlevi (1684 w.)...<br />

am tipis mikrotoponimebi praqtikulad gavrcelebuli Cans<br />

TiTqmis Kvela regionSi: kaxeT-hereTSi, qarTlSi, samcxe-JavaxeTSi,<br />

mTiuleTSi, imereTSi, raya-leCxumSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi...<br />

moxsenebaSi daismis sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, rom -ur<br />

ur//<br />

//-ul<br />

daboloebiani<br />

mikrotoponimebis nawili iolad SeiZleboda gadaqceuliKo<br />

oikonimebad (daba-sofelTa saxelebad). marTlac, Tanamedrove<br />

saqarTvelo mofenilia am sufiqsebiT gaformebuli<br />

iseTi oikonimebiT, rogoricaa: Ziguri (abaSis r.), gorguli<br />

(adigenis r.), bolaJauri, namiauri (iqve), ambrolauri (raya),<br />

Zirageuli, bugeuli, barguli (ambrolauris r.), CofCauri, babaneuli,<br />

Careqauli, qistauri, osiauri (axmetis r.), foladauri<br />

(bolnisis r.), Targameuli (martvilis r.), kalauri (gurJaanis<br />

r.), ananuri, pavleuri, gognauri, manaseuri, fasanauri,<br />

bulaCauri (duSeTis r.), kuSubauri, maisauri, inaSauri (vanis<br />

r.), dilikauri, rodinauli (zestafonis r.), kurdGelauri,<br />

Salauri (Telavis r.), maCitauri, kakabouri, odilauri (Ter-<br />

Jolis r.), Cobalauri (kaspis r.), onanuri (lagodexis r.),<br />

gvimblauri, gaguri (lanCxuTis r.), rcxmeluri, mananauri<br />

(lentexis r.), marneuli (daba), mSvidobauri, silauri, niabau-<br />

ri, boxvauri, laiTuri (ozurgeTis r.), wmindauri (onis r.),<br />

xaragauli, cicqiuri, Jafarauli (xaragaulis r.), Toxliauri,<br />

patarZeuli, badiauri (sagareJos r.), melauri, xunJulouri<br />

(samtrediis r.), maxaTauri, Salauri, korbouli (saCxeris r.),<br />

asanauri (siGnaGis r.), bziauri, ZuKnuri, ivaneuli (tKibulis<br />

r.), berZenauli, doGlauri, badiuri(qareli r.) gudauri (Kazbegis<br />

r.), Coxatauri, guTuri, ianeuli, Cakitauri, qadagauri,<br />

Svelaur-cicibauri, gogouri, goraberejouli (Coxatauris r.),<br />

pertuli (senakis r.), palouri (walenJixis r.), gvazauri, uZlouri,<br />

dedalauri, besiauri, xarabauli (xonis r.), besiauri<br />

(wKaltubos r.), osiauri (xaSuris r.), begiauri, kalauri, bunikauri,<br />

xalifauri, Cxirauli, gezruli (yiaTuris r.), xelva-<br />

Cauri, maxvilauri, Todogauri, maxinJauri, salibauri (xelvaCauris<br />

r.), kolotauri, arsenauli, gundauri, salibauri, kantauri,<br />

kokotauri (qedis r.), gogmaCauri, varJanauli, kobalauri<br />

(qobuleTis r.), wankalauri, goginauri, lomanauri, iakobauri,<br />

quTauri, oladauri, JumuSauri, buTurauli, myedluri, nigazeuli,<br />

foTelauri, varJanauli, xiyauri, gundauri, oqropilauri<br />

(Suaxevis r.), bozauri, qurduli, KinCauri, gurZauli,<br />

boZauri, danisparauli, fuSrukauli, maxalakauri, (xulos r.),<br />

yorbauli, Tormaneuli, muxauri (Kofili znauris r.), yayamuri,<br />

wifTauri, kitriuli (axalgoris r.), pantnauri, Cxarauli,<br />

lacauri, xoSuri, Sulauri, Seleuri, guJabauli, niniauri<br />

(cxinvalis r.), sinaguri (Javis r.).<br />

TiToeuli es oikonimi sagangebo kvlevas moiTxovs, rac momavlis<br />

saqmea.<br />

29

T e i m u r a z g v a n c e l a Z e<br />

afxazuri azuri zmnis kidev erTi morfologiur-modaluri<br />

modaluri<br />

kategoriis Sesaxeb<br />

(winaswari cnoba)<br />

1. afxazuri enis winamorbed mkvlevarTa, gansakuTrebiT ki<br />

akad. q. lomTaTiZis naSromebSi naCvenebia am enis zmnuri formaTwarmoebis<br />

gansakuTrebuli sirTule, rasac ganapirobebs<br />

Semdegi mizezebi:<br />

a) afxazurma enam dakarga monoklasovani uGvlilebis sistema<br />

da ganiviTara poliklasovan-polipersonaluri uGvlilebis<br />

sistema, rac gulisxmobs subieqtisa da nebismieri obieqtis<br />

srul asaxvas zmnur formaSi;<br />

b) afxazur enas ar axasiaTebs aramcTu daGestnur enaTa-<br />

Tvis niSandoblivi saxelTa brunebis uaGresad detalizebuli<br />

sistemis, aramed CerqezulSi warmodgenili brunebis umartivesi<br />

sistemis analogiuri warmoebac ki, rac afxazur enaSi kompensirebulia<br />

lokalur preverbTa urTulesi sistemis arsebobiT<br />

(SedarebisaTvis: daGestnur enebSi dasturdeba 50-80 Tandebuliani<br />

brunva, xolo afxazurSi warmodgenilia imave semantikis<br />

gadmomcemi 90-mde lokaluri preverbi);<br />

g) afxazuri ena Garibia TandebulebiT da ar moepoveba<br />

nacvalsaxelTa Tu zmnisarTTa, nawilakTa da kavSirTa didi<br />

Jgufi, romelTa semantika gadmoicema zmnur fuZeSi inkorporirebuli<br />

afiqsebis meSveobiT da a. S.<br />

am mizezTa gamo afxazur enas ganuviTarda sagangebo afiqsebiT<br />

gamoxatuli imgvari morfologiur-modaluri kategoriebi,<br />

romelTa semantika sxva enebSi Cveulebriv leqsikuri saSualebebiT<br />

gamoixateba.<br />

2. miuxedavad imisa, rom afxazuri enis morfologiur-modaluri<br />

kategoriebi sakmaod detaluradaa gamokvleuli, saanalizo<br />

am dargSi Jer kidev bevri rCeba. konkretul enobriv masalaze<br />

dakvirvebam saSualeba mogvca, gamovKoT erTi specifi-<br />

kuri warmoeba, romelic aqamde ar Kofila specialuri analizis<br />

sagani. es aris a…- specialuri prefiqsisa da `kvlav~ zmnisarTis<br />

semantikis gadmomcemi -x sufiqsis erToblivi gamoKenebiT<br />

nawarmoebi formebi. magaliTad:<br />

aa, u -o…<br />

o…-wabˆrgˆ-xˆ<br />

xˆ-m, axa... (d. gulia) `diax, es yeSmariteba<br />

gana (rogorGa) ar aris, magram...~<br />

afSmaca, urT rTaxca uha rˆ‚xˆ ˆmjka aZˆ d-aŸ-nrˆjx-…az<br />

(d. gulia) `maspinZlebi da maTi axloblebi udGegrZeleblad<br />

vinmes rogorGa (gana) gauSvebdnen?!~<br />

esma usg½ˆ u auxa d-aŸ-ca-x-Ÿaz! (d. gulia) `im GamiT esma<br />

mainc rogorGaa (gana) daiZinebda?!~<br />

ayKandar akˆ dargaat, axa apap u -aŸ-idˆr-x-Ÿaz (d.<br />

gulia) `episkoposi raGacam gaabraza, magram es mGvdels gana<br />

ecodineboda?!~ da a. S.<br />

rogorc am magaliTebidanac Cans, saanalizo zmnuri formebi<br />

Seesabameba qarTulis `rogorGa~, `gana~ leqsemebTan dakavSirebul<br />

zmnebs (upiratesad kavSirebiTi kilos formebs).<br />

isini afxazur winadadebebSi Kvelaze xSirad mapirispirebeli<br />

axa `magram~ kavSiris momdevno poziciaSi gvxvdeba. aGsaniSnavia<br />

isic, rom afxazuri zmnis amgvari formebi mudam infinituria.<br />

zmnur formaSi a…- prefiqss zmnis Tavidan meore adgili<br />

uyiravs da mudam mosdevs subieqtis an obieqtis d-s rigis<br />

prefiqsebs, xolo -x sufiqsi KovelTvis zmnis Zirs mosdevs.<br />

saanalizo formebi ewarmoebaT rogorc statikur, ise dinamikur<br />

zmnebs, dinamikuri zmna gardauvalic SeiZleba iKos da<br />

gardamavalic. nakvTeulis formaTagan es kategoria gvxvdeba<br />

awmKos, an namKo usrulis infinitur warmoebebSi.<br />

30<br />

31

e l e n e g i u n a S v i l i<br />

Sedge<br />

dgeni<br />

nili zmnebis kvlevis vis saki<br />

kiTxe<br />

Txebi<br />

bisa<br />

saTvis<br />

adre saSu<br />

Sualo sparsul<br />

sulSi<br />

saSualo sparsuli, romelic parTulTan erTad ganekuTvneba<br />

saSualo iranul enaTa Jgufis dasavlur Stos, gansakuTrebuli<br />

intensivobiT Seiswavleba ukanskneli aTwleulebis manZilze.<br />

misi evoluciis sakiTxebs mieZGvna vrceli samecniero literatura<br />

(am SromaTa bibliografia ix. v. zundermanis gramatikul<br />

narkvevSi _ W.Sundermann, Mittelpersisch, Compendium Linguarum<br />

Iranicarum, 1989, Wiesbaden, pp. 138-164). magram, aGsaniSnavia, rom am<br />

enis gramatikuli struqturisa da morfosintaqsis bevri mniSvnelovani<br />

sakiTxi Jer kidev ar aris saTanadod gamokvleuli.<br />

Kvelaze ufro metad es exeba zmnis kategorias. adresa-<br />

Sualo sparsulSi da SedarebiT gviandel teqstebSi dadasturebuli<br />

zmnuri formebi umTavresad ganixileboda istoriul-etimologiur<br />

aspeqtSi, anu ZiriTadi KuradGeba eTmoboda<br />

prezensis (awmKo drois) fuZeTa analizs da maT mimarTebebs<br />

Zvel iranul prezensis klasebTan.<br />

drois, aspeqtis, valentobisa da kilos gramatikuli kategoriebi,<br />

rogorc wesi, ganixileboda mokled da zogadad.<br />

saSualo sparsuli werilobiTi Zeglebis axali kritikuli<br />

gamocemebi realur safuZvels qmnis misi gramatikuli realiebis<br />

evoluciuri procesebis axleburi gaazrebisa da Sesabamisad, misi<br />

istoriuli ganviTarebis axleburi interpretaciisTvis.<br />

analitizmi saSualo sparsulis gramatikuli struqturis<br />

erT-erTi mTavari maxasiaTebelia. Zveli iranuli dro-aspeqturi<br />

sistemis kompleqsuri morfologiuri tipi, romelic<br />

Sedgeboda zmnur fuZeTa da saTanadod fleqsiur formaTa<br />

triqotomiisagan (prezensi-aoristi-perfeqti), Secvlili iKo<br />

awmKo da namKo drois zmnur fuZe da pirian formaTa binaruli<br />

paradigmatuli opoziciiT, romlebSic awmKos formebi<br />

fleqsiuria, xolo namKosi _ analitikuri. perifrastuli<br />

32<br />

zmnuri formebis saKovelTao integrireba SeiZleba ganixilebodes<br />

saSualo sparsulis (da zogadad, dasavluri saSualo<br />

iranuli enebis) inovaciad.<br />

saSualo sparsuli zmnis aGweriTi gramatikuli formebidan<br />

calke kategoriad gamoKofilia `rTuli zmnebi~ (В. С.<br />

Расторгуева, Среднеперсидский Язык, Москва, 1966, стр. 84; (В. С.<br />

Расторгуева, E. K. Moлчанова, Среднеперсидский Язык, Основы<br />

Иранского Языкознания, Москва, стр. 135-136 ; W. Sundermann, Mittelpersisch,<br />

pp.151-152) romlebic Sedgeba ori komponentisgan: arsebiTi,<br />

zedsarTavi an nazmnari saxelisa da damoukidebeli (um-<br />

Tavresad gardamavali tipis) zmnebisagan, rogoricaa kardan-<br />

“keTeba”, dādan “micema, boZeba”, burdan“motana” da sxv.<br />

ukve adre saSualo sparsul werilobiT ZeglebSi – maniqeur<br />

teqstebiSi (III s. Cv. w.), sasanur warwerebsa da siriuli<br />

fsalmunis saSualo sparsul TargmanSi (IV s. Cv. w.) vlindeba<br />

rTuli zmnebis TvalsaCino modelebi, romlebic konteqstebis<br />

Sesabamisad an gramatikul formas gadmoscems (magaliTad, āfrīn<br />

kardan “xotbis Sesxma~, romelSic āfrīn aris pirdapiri damateba),<br />

an zmnuri frazeologizmebis Sesabamisia.<br />

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia rTuli zmnebis semantikuri da distribuciuli<br />

analizi adre saSualo sparsulis masalis mixedviT.<br />

g i o r g i g o g o l a S v i l i<br />

kidev erTxel -ia daboloebis Taobaze -ad da -am<br />

TemisniSnian zmnaTa I TurmeobiTis formaTa Soris<br />

Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo enis normebis mixedviT<br />

| TurmeobiTSi paralelur formaTagan _ dauxa<br />

xatavs<br />

º dauxa<br />

xatia<br />

_ meore (ia<br />

daboloebiani) varianti miCneulia arali<br />

li-<br />

tera<br />

ratu<br />

turu<br />

rulad<br />

(`ukugdebul unda iqneso~).<br />

33

1970-1976 wlebSi prof. z. yumburiZis mier gamoiTqva azri,<br />

rom `-av da -am Temis<br />

misniS<br />

niSni<br />

nian zmnaTa<br />

I Tur<br />

urmeo<br />

meobi<br />

biTis ori-<br />

vegva<br />

vari warmoeba sali<br />

lite<br />

tera<br />

ratu<br />

turo enaSi dasaS<br />

saSve<br />

vebad unda iq-<br />

nes miCne<br />

Cneuli<br />

li~. mogvianebiT am sakiTxs SevexeT ramdenime na-<br />

SromSi (2000, 2001, 2007 wlebSi). Cveni azri aseTi iKo: `ia<br />

daboloebian formebs (daumalia, unaxia... davumalivar, vunaxivar...)<br />

unda moexsnas akrZalva da isinic miCneuli unda iqnen<br />

saliteraturo enis kuTvnilebad~. msgavsi Tvalsazrisi gamoTqves<br />

d. meliqiSvilma (2001 w.), r. saGinaZem |2007 w.), r. zeqalaSvilma<br />

(2008 w.)... warmodgenil naSromebSi aris safuZvliani<br />

cda am Tvalsazrisis dasabuTebisa. miuxedavad amisa, normis<br />

cvlilebis sakiTxs oficialuri mxardayera ar hqonia. ufro<br />

metic, axlaxan gamoqveKnda S. afridoniZis werili, romelSic<br />

am azris `oponentebisa Tu kritikosebis~ mimarT sakmaod aramecnieruli,<br />

arakoreqtuli damokidebulebis gamomjGavnebiT<br />

aris survili Cveni azris uarKofisa; Tumca avtors aranairi<br />

seriozuli argumenti saamisod ar warmoudgenia.<br />

Cven kidev erTxel vsvamT sakiTxs amgvarad: aris Tu ara SesaZlebeli<br />

(da aucilebelic) arsebuli normis Secvla, Tu realuri<br />

enobrivi viTareba amis safuZvels iZleva? TiTqmis saukunis<br />

winandeli normebi SeiZleba Tu ara dGevandeli viTarebis<br />

Sesabamisad gaswordes? qarTulma saenaTmecniero sazogadoebam<br />

principuli pozicia unda daiyiros _ norma ar aris<br />

mudmivi da ucvleli fenomeni. gavixsenoT <strong>arnold</strong> <strong>Ciqobavas</strong><br />

Segoneba: `ar unda dagvaviwKdes, rom saliteraturo qarTuli<br />

ena, rogorc Koveli cocxali ena, ucvleli ver iqneba. amocana<br />

isaa, rom cvlis es procesi mizanSewonilad warvmarToT: SevinarCunoT<br />

da davicvaT Kvelaferi, rac faseuli Seuqmnia qar-<br />

Tuli enis mravalsaukunovan istorias, erTi mxriT. meorecaa<br />

da saliteraturo qarTul enas SevunarCunoT saTanado kavSiri<br />

cocxali xalxuri metKvelebis uSret wKarosTan~.<br />

n i n o d o l i Z e<br />

ayarul da gurul dialeqtTa leqsikis<br />

urTierTmimarTebisaTvis<br />

(al. Glontis `qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sitKvis<br />

konaSi~ warmodgenili masalebis mixedviT)<br />

Kvela qarTveluri enisTvis, Cveulebriv, leqsikis sami fenaa<br />

damaxasiaTebeli:<br />

1. Zireuli (saerToqarTveluri) leqsika;<br />

2. mxolod ama Tu im qarTveluri enisTvis specifikuri<br />

leqsemebi;<br />

3. nasexsebi leqsika:<br />

a) urTierTsesxeba qarTvelur enebs Soris;<br />

b) ucxoenovani sesxeba qarTvelur enebSi.<br />

igive iTqmis dialeqtTa leqsikuri fondis Sesaxebac.<br />

amJerad Cven ganvixilavT qarTuli enis mxolod or kilos:<br />

ayarulsa da guruls, sadac erTmaneTisagan ganirCeva mTisa<br />

(zemoayaruli, zemoguruli) da baris (qvemoayaruli, qvemoguruli)<br />

metKveleba. pirvel SemTxvevaSi iZebneba analogiuri vi-<br />

Tareba aGmosavleT saqarTvelos dialeqtebTan, xolo meore<br />

SemTxvevaSi _ dasavleT saqarTvelos dialeqtebTan.<br />

`ayarulis Taviseburebani Seapiroba Jer kolxuri, Semdeg<br />

mesxur-klarJuli da guruli dialeqtebis garemocvam, bolos<br />

ki _ TurqTa asimilatoruli politikis gatarebis Sedegad _<br />

Turqulis Zlierma zegavlenam. aqve SeimCneva zanuris substratis<br />

kvalic~ (v. Tofuria).<br />

prof. al. Glontis cnobil naSromSi `qarTul kilo-Tqma-<br />

Ta sitKvis kona~ cal-calkea ilustrirebuli mxolod ayaruli<br />

an mxolod guruli leqsemebi, saerTo masala Setanilia<br />

aGniSvniT ayar.-gur<br />

gur. an gur.-ayar<br />

ayar. garda amisa, sakmao raodenobiTaa<br />

sxva dialeqtebTan saerTo monacemebi.<br />

gvrCeba STabeydileba, rom qvemoayarulisa da qvemogurulis<br />

SemTxvevaSi (anu im metKvelebisa, romlis warmomadgenelic<br />

34<br />

35

gaxldaT Tavad cnobili leqsikologi) Kvelaferi rigze ar<br />

aris leqsikonSi. magaliTad, mxolod ayaruli dialeqtis kuTvnilebadaa<br />

miCneuli iseTi leqsemebi, romlebic imave formiTa<br />

da semantikiT gvxvdeba qvemogurulSi da zogJer zemogurul-<br />

Sic (iSviaTad sxvaganac).<br />

aforva<br />

_ obis mokideba, daobeba<br />

afungva _ aSla, areva, awewva<br />

bazi<br />

_ Sxamiani didi mweri<br />

blaCu<br />

Cuni<br />

_ blacuni<br />

bloqi<br />

qini<br />

_ gaJavrebiT, xmamaGla da usiamovno xmiT<br />

laparaki<br />

gadawiw<br />

wiwva<br />

_ gadaweva, gadaGunva<br />

gamobur<br />

burkva<br />

_ xilisTvis kurkis gacla<br />

gapiw<br />

piwki<br />

kine<br />

neba<br />

_ kargad Sewva, gamocxoba, dabrawva<br />

gapki<br />

pkiale<br />

leba<br />

_ gaprialeba, gawmenda, gasufTaveba<br />

garaw<br />

rawku<br />

kune<br />

neba<br />

_ gawkaruneba<br />

dabi<br />

bina<br />

nave<br />

veba<br />

_ qalis gaTxoveba, axal oJaxSi moxvedra...<br />

da sxva mravali.<br />

formalurad erTi da igive leqsema ayarulsa da gurulSi<br />

sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiTac SeiZleba ixmarebodes, magram zogJer<br />

arc amis Sesaxebaa miTiTebuli `qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sitKvis konaSi~<br />

(ba<br />

bala<br />

laga<br />

gani<br />

ayarulad `saTivea~, xolo gurulad _ `yaobi~).<br />

zemoaGniSnuli viTareba, vfiqrobT, gamowveuli unda iKos<br />

imiT, rom ayaruli leqsikonebi gacilebiT metia da mravalmxrivi,<br />

xolo guruli, samwuxarod, sul oriodea (s. jGentisa<br />

da g. SaraSiZisa) da isic fragmentuli xasiaTisa.<br />

l a l i e z u g b a i a<br />

Tavisebur zmnaTa kompiuteruli<br />

aGwerisaTvis<br />

qarTuli zmnis kompiuteruli damuSavebisas aGmoCnda, rom<br />

Tavisebur zmnaTa raodenoba gacilebiT metia, vidre es aGnusxulia<br />

specialur literaturaSi. sicxadisaTvis SevexebiT<br />

uGlebis paradigmebis agebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs erTi<br />

Taviseburi zmnis magaliTze.<br />

h-gav<br />

gav-s, mi-a-gav<br />

gav-s, mi-u-gav<br />

gav-s formebSi gamoiKofa gav- fu-<br />

Ze. formebi statikuria. h-gav<br />

gav-s, mi-a-gav<br />

gav-s neitraluri versiis<br />

orpiriani zmnebia, xolo mi-u-gav<br />

gav-s _ sasxviso versiis orpiriani,<br />

magram samvalentiani zmna. magaliTad, `bavSvs<br />

awiTlebuli<br />

cxviri boloks<br />

miugavs~ _ winadadebaSi ori saxeli dgas<br />

micemiT brunvaSi, magram boloks<br />

pirmiumarTavia, anu ubralo<br />

damatebaa.<br />

cxadia, samsave formas sakuTari paradigma aqvs awmKoSi,<br />

uwKvetelsa da awmKos kavSirebiTSi, xolo danarCen mwkrivebSi<br />

sxva fuZeebi gamoiKeneba: msgavs-, mgvan-, romelTa warmomavloba<br />

h-gav-s formis kauzatiur formebTan unda iKos dakavSirebuli<br />

(T. uTurgaiZe).<br />

kompiuteruli modelirebis dros paradigmis farglebSi<br />

sacnauria erTi fuZe, romelic fuZeTa bazebSia ganTavsebuli.<br />

rogorc ki Tavs iCens gansxvavebuli fuZe, masTan dakavSirebuli<br />

formebi damoukidebel paradigmad aGiqmeba. es niSnavs, rom<br />

mravlobiTSi dafiqsirebuli formebic h-gvan<br />

gvan-an<br />

an, mi-a-gvan<br />

gvan-an<br />

an,<br />

mi-u-gvan<br />

gvan-an<br />

ver gaerTiandeba gav- fuZis paradigmaSi, radgan<br />

S P 3 -Si mas enacvleba gvan- fuZe, romelSic -an<br />

elements sxvadasxva<br />

kvalifikacia eniyeba: a. SaniZe Temis niSnad miiCnevda,<br />

l. kiknaZe _ mediumTa maaqtivebel elementad, xolo T. uTurgaiZis<br />

azriT, -an iseTive makauzebeli elementia, rogoricaa:<br />

-ol, -un, -en da Kvela sufiqsi, v. Tofurias mier gamoKofil<br />

fuZedrekad zmnebSi.<br />

36<br />

37

gav- fuZesTan dakavSirebiT sxva problemac iCens Tavs. rogorc<br />

iTqva, h-gav<br />

gav-s da mi-a-ga<br />

gav-s neitraluri versiis umaqcevro<br />

da maqcevriani formebia, anu orive manqanurad ase Caiwereba<br />

3-1-1, sadac 3 gvaris simboloa, pirveli 1 _ qcevis simbolo,<br />

meore 1 _ mwkrivisa. magram Koveli konkretuli cifri<br />

gulisxmobs mxolod erT formas, erT morfemas. paraleluri<br />

formis cneba kompiuterisTvis ucxoa. Sesabamisad h-gav<br />

gav-s da<br />

mi-a-gav<br />

gav-s zmnaTa paradigmebis asagebad sayiro xdeba gav- fuZis<br />

orJer Setana fuZeTa bazaSi, ra Tqma unda, sxvadasxva numeraciiT.<br />

es ukanaskneli gansazGvravs, Tu romel paradigmatul<br />

maxasiaTeblebTan unda moxdes fuZis bma. rac Seexeba mi-u-gav<br />

gav-s<br />

formas, is Caiwereba ase: 3-3-1, sadac meore samiani sasxviso<br />

qcevis simboloa. amJerad, sasxviso qcevis paradigma miebmeba<br />

orJer Setanili gav- fuZidan erT-erTs, kerZod, maqcevriani<br />

mi-a-gav<br />

gav-s zmnis paradigmas. pirobiTad, gavɑ- fuZe mogvcems<br />

h-gav<br />

gav-s zmnis paradigmas, xolo gavɑɑ- fuZe _ mi-a-gav<br />

gav-s ~ mi-u-<br />

gav-s formaTa paradigmebs.<br />

paradigmatuli sxvaoba amiT ar amoiwureba. mi-u-gav<br />

gav-s<br />

zmnis paradigma pirnaklia, anu dasaSvebia S 3 O 1 , S 3 O 2 , S 3 O 3 kombinaciebi,<br />

magram ara gvaqvs S 1 O 2 , S 1 O 3 , S 2 O 1, S 2 O 3 kombinaciebi, rogoricaa<br />

*mi<br />

mi-m-i-gav<br />

gav-xar<br />

xar, *mi<br />

mi-u-gav<br />

gav-xar<br />

xar, *mi<br />

mi-v-u-gav<br />

gav-{v}ar<br />

ar... rac<br />

Seexeba mi-a-gav<br />

gav-s zmnas, qarTuli enis orTografiul leqsikonSi<br />

Setanilia misi formebi Kvela kombinaciaSi, Tumca mxolod<br />

wa- zmniswiniT: wa-a-gav<br />

gav-xar<br />

xar, wa-v-a-ga<br />

gavar<br />

var, wa-m-a-ga<br />

gavxar<br />

da<br />

a. S. mi- zmniswinianTan mxolod mesame piris formebia miTiTebuli.<br />

vfiqrobT, aqac unda davuSvaT msgavsi formebi.<br />

saKuradGeboa zmniswinTa ganawilebis sakiTxic. erTi mxriv,<br />

dasaSvebia: mo-h-gav<br />

gav-s, mo-h-gav<br />

gav-d-a, mo-h-gav<br />

av-d-es<br />

formebi, magram<br />

mo- zmniswins TiTqos ver hguobs sxva kombinaciebi: *mo<br />

mo-v-<br />

gavar<br />

var, *mo<br />

mo-h-gav<br />

gav-xar<br />

xar... aseve dasaSvebia: mi-a-gav<br />

gav-s, mi-a-gav<br />

gav-d-a,<br />

mi-a-gav<br />

gav-d-e-s, magram ara Cans: mi-v-a-ga<br />

gavar<br />

var, mi-a-gav<br />

gav-xar<br />

formebi,<br />

Tumca Cven maT vuSvebT. TavisTavad korelacia mi-a-gav<br />

gav-s ~<br />

mo-h-gav<br />

gav-s, aseve mi-u-gav<br />

gav-s ~ mo-h-gav<br />

gav-s xazs usvams maqcevrisa<br />

da piris niSnis monacvleobis kavSirs orientaciis kategorias-<br />

38<br />

Tan da ara gezis kategoriasTan, rasac adasturebs wa- zmniswiniani<br />

formebi, sadac wa- zmniswins odna<br />

naobi<br />

biTo<br />

Tobis<br />

semantika<br />

Semoaqvs da aranairi kavSiri ara aqvs gezTan.<br />

amdenad, marto am erTi zmnis analizisas Cndeba mTeli rigi<br />

formobrivi da semantikuri maxasiaTeblebisa, romelTa gauTvaliswineblad<br />

SeuZlebelia zmnis srulKofili manqanuri<br />

aGwera. rac ufro Taviseburia zmna, teqnikurad miT ufro<br />

rTulia zmnuri paradigmebis ageba, amitomac zmnur fuZeTa bazebi<br />

amave dros paradigmatul tipTa bazebs warmoadgens, romelTa<br />

raodenoba Cvens SemTxvevaSi aTass aGemateba.<br />

g u b a z v a n i l i S i<br />

100 wlis lazi Semoqme<br />

qmedi<br />

mimdinare wels 100 weli Seusruldeboda mwerals, sazogado<br />

moGvawes, publicistsa da mTargmnels muxamed vaniliSs<br />

(1908-1997). igi daibada sof. sarfSi, sadac Turquli dawKebi-<br />

Ti skolis (maSin sarfSi da ayaris sxva zogierT sofelSi<br />

swavla Turqul enaze mimdinareobda) damTavrebis Semdeg swavla<br />

ganagrZo q. xofis saSualo skolaSi, romelic daasrula<br />

1927 wels. 1928-1932 wlebSi swavlobda baTumis muSfakSi.<br />

30-ian wlebSi m. vaniliSma gamoaqveKna lazuri folkloris<br />

nimuSebi, statiebi lazebis Kofa-cxovrebaze, werilebi sarfeli,<br />

oCamCireli da gudauTeli lazebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb.<br />

1936 wlidan muxamed vaniliSi muSaobda ayaris avtonomiuri<br />

respublikis ganaTlebis saxalxo komisris moadgiled,<br />

xolo Semdeg _ xelovnebis saqmeTa sammarTvelos ufrosad da<br />

samxedro saSefo komisiis TavmJdomared, religiis saqmeTa sabyos<br />

rwmunebulad, ayaris advokatTa kolegiis prezidiumis<br />

TavmJdomared, mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis direqtorad, ayaris<br />

kulturis saministros saleqcio biuros direqtorad, baTumis<br />

39

pedagogiuri institutis biblioTekis gamged.<br />

muxamed vaniliSi iKo Tavisi qveKnis patrioti. mkacri<br />

rejimis periodSi, roca sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo, sabyoTa kav-<br />

SirSi xdeboda xalxebis masiuri gasaxlebebi, gadawKda<br />

sazGvrispira sofel sarfidanac gaesaxlebinaT lazebi, muxamed<br />

vaniliSi maSinve Cavida moskovSi da Koveli Gone ixmara, raTa<br />

es sakiTxi moxsniliKo dGis wesrigidan.<br />

60-ze meti wlis ganmavlobaSi muxamed vaniliSi eweoda<br />

aqtiur sazogadoebriv-politikur da saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas.<br />

iKo maGalkvalificiuri leqtori, mkvlevari, ganaTlebis,<br />

kulturis, xelovnebis, saqarTvelos istoriis dargSi. is<br />

kargad flobda Turqul, arabul da rusul enebs, eweoda<br />

mTargmnelobiT muSaobas. lazur enaze werda leqsebsa da piesebs,<br />

romlebic maSin didi mowonebiT sargeblobdnen laz mosaxleobaSi.<br />

niyier Semoqmeds gamoqveKnebuli aqvs piesebi `cud<br />

sizmrebs xedaven~ da `muradis loToba~, moTxroba `zeqie~ da<br />

sxva.<br />

Targmanebs Soris gansakuTrebul KuradGebas imsaxurebs<br />

mcire formis Turquli Segonebebi `mamaTa darigebani~. isini<br />

gamoirCeva aforistuli sicxadiTa da azris siGrmiT. magali-<br />

Tad: `siGaribe sircxvili ar aris, sizarmacea sircxvili~,<br />

`GamiT Gvino, dGisiT nardi _ gelodeba dardi~, `saqmis gayianureba<br />

ucodinarobis Sedegia~, `saymeli ixarSeba wKliT,<br />

sitKva _ mofiqrebiT~.<br />

muxamed vaniliSma mravalwliani samecniero Semoqmedebi-<br />

Ti muSaobis Sedegad moiZia da daamuSava masalebi da ali TandilavasTan<br />

erTad moamzada istoriul-eTnografiuli narkvevi<br />

`lazeTi~, romelic daibeyda 1964 wels. naSromis redaqtoria<br />

prof. sergi makalaTia (recenzentebi prof. daviT xaxutaiSvili<br />

da prof. rusudan xaraZe). `wigni miznad isaxavs, mkiTxvels<br />

gaacnos lazeTis istoria da eTnografia. amdenad, narkvevi<br />

warmoadgens pirvel cdas da igi qarTul saistorio mwerlobaSi<br />

udavod win gadadgmuli nabiJia. misasalmebelia is faqtic,<br />

rom avtorebi lazebi arian~ (s. makalaTia).<br />

40<br />

narkvevis istoriul mimoxilvaSi xazgasmulia lazebis saxelmwifoebrivi<br />

niyi da politikuri gamyriaxoba warsulSi,<br />

agreTve maTi guladoba da samSoblosaTvis Tavdadeba.<br />

eTnografiul nawilSi ganxilulia ekonomikuri mdgomareoba<br />

(miwaTmoqmedeba, mebaGeoba, lazuri sakvebi, meTevzeoba,<br />

xelosnoba), sazogadoebrivi Kofa (saoJaxo urTierToba, lazuri<br />

saxli, Cacmuloba), xalxuri wes-Cveulebani (mSobiaroba, akvnis<br />

qorwili, bavSvis aGzrda, garToba-TamaSobani, qalis daniSvna,<br />

qorwili, qalis mdgomareoba, samgloviaro rituali),<br />

rwmena-warmodgenebi (axali wlis Sexvedra, nadiroba, kabis<br />

`gamokoyva~), xalxuri sitKviereba (Sairebi, naduri simGerebi,<br />

satrfialo leqsebi, Tqmulebebi, gamocanebi).<br />

eTnografiul nawilSi saKuradGeboa lazur-megruli<br />

adaT-Cvevebis msgavseba, miuxedavad mosaxleobis saukuneobrivi<br />

gaTiSvisa.<br />

avtorTa gancxadebiT, `lazeTis istoriuli warsuli<br />

myidrod aris dakavSirebuli Zveli kolxeTis istoriasTan.<br />

Zveli kolxeTis samefoSi, ZiriTadad, mosaxleobda qarTveluri<br />

modgmis ori monaTesave tomi _ laz-yanebi da manral-megrelebi<br />

(egriselebi), romlebic metKvelebdnen zanurad wodebul<br />

erT enaze~.<br />

wignSi motanilia inglisis elCis J. palgrevis cnoba imis<br />

Sesaxeb, rom trapizonis mosaxleobis raodenoba, oficialuri<br />

dokumentebiT, 850 aTass aGwevda, maT Soris 56 aTasi qristiani<br />

iKo. muslimanuri mosaxleobis umravlesobas lazebi Seadgendnen.<br />

`es mSvenieri rasaa, isini arian kargi miwaTmoqmedni<br />

da gamocdili mezGvaurebi~.<br />

saintereso cnobebs gvawvdis Turqi mogzauri osman bei,<br />

romelmac 1864 wels imogzaura lazeTSi. misi gadmocemiT,<br />

trapizoni lazebis mTavari qalaqia, geografiuli TvalsazrisiT<br />

igi lazeTis sataxto qalaqs warmoadgens, romelSic mosaxleoba<br />

Sereulia _ umravlesobas Seadgenen lazebi, cxovroben<br />

berZnebic.<br />

lazebi SromismoKvareni arian. vayrobasa da zGvaosnoba-<br />

41

Si isini did metoqeobas uweven sxva tomebs. maTi xomaldebi<br />

Kvela mimarTulebiT dacuraven. isini kargi gemTmSeneblebi<br />

arian, daxelovnebulni arian, agreTve, spilenZisa da TiTbris<br />

yurylis keTebaSi... dasasruls osman-bei aGwers lazebis Cacmulobas,<br />

rac, misi azriT, ar gansxvavdeba ayarul-gurulisagan.<br />

giorgi Kazbegi, romelmac lazeTSi imogzaura, wers:<br />

`zGvispira lazebis silamaze adamians TvalSi ecema. isini gonebrivi<br />

ganaTlebiTa da garegnuli sifaqiziT gamoirCevian...<br />

aqauri qalebi lamazni, tanadni arian da, Cveulebriv, cisferi<br />

Tvalebi da TeTri pirsaxe aqvT. amasTanave, lazi qalebi araCveulebrivi<br />

energiiT, guladobiTa da mtkice xasiaTiT gamoir-<br />

Cevian~.<br />

`lazeTis~ avtorebi warCinebuli sagvareuloebis Sesaxebac<br />

weren. magaliTad, makrialsa da limanSi zumbaiebi da maneliSvilebi<br />

Kofilan begebi, muradoGli, anu muradiSvili _<br />

buJaGSi, orTaxofasa da sunduraSi. begebi Kofilan agreTve<br />

SalikaSvilebi da jordaniebi.<br />

`lazeTis~ Turqul enaze Targmna da misi `lazebis istoriis~<br />

saxelwodebiT TurqeTSi gamocema 1992 wels did movlenad<br />

unda CaiTvalos. am faqtma didi gamoxmaureba hpova sazogadoebaSi.<br />

mas mravali statia da kritikuli werili uZGvnes<br />

Turqulma jurnal-gazeTebma. bevri dadebiTad gamoexmaura am<br />

movlenas, zogierTi statiis avtori ki... mTavari is aris, rom<br />

muxamed vaniliSisa da ali Tandilavas wignis Turqul enaze<br />

gamocemis Semdeg Turqma mkiTxvelma gaigo, rom lazi XI saukuneSi<br />

Sua aziidan Turq-selJukebTan erTad mosuli Turquli<br />

modgmis erT-erTi tomi ki ara, Savi zGvis aGmosavleT sanapiroze<br />

mcxovrebi sakuTari istoriis mqone qarTveluri tomi<br />

Kofila mdidari da Sinaarsiani warsuliT, ris Sesaxebac Jer<br />

kidev Cvens welTaGricxvamde werdnen berZeni da sxva ucxoeli<br />

mkvlevar-mogzaurebi.<br />

T a m a r v a S a k i Z e<br />

koor<br />

ordi<br />

dina<br />

naci<br />

ciis is siste<br />

temi<br />

misa<br />

saTvis<br />

Tana<br />

named<br />

medro<br />

rove<br />

qarTul<br />

TulSi<br />

1. martivi winadadebis sintaqsuri meqanizmis axsna koordinaciis<br />

safuZvelze (Zveli qarTulis mixedviT) warmogvidgina<br />

arn. Ciqobavam. Semdeg am sakiTxs sxva mkvlevrebic Seexnen.<br />

2. Tanamedrove qarTulSi (iseve, rogorc ZvelSi) martivi<br />

winadadebis sami tipi gvaqvs: absolutur-gardauvalzmniani,<br />

relatiur-gardauvalzmniani da relatiur-gardamavalzmniani.<br />

sintaqsuri meqanizmis TvalsazrisiT aGsaniSnavia Semdegi: a)<br />

relatiur-gardamavalzmniani winadadebis zmna da saxelebi er-<br />

TmaneTs ukavSirdeba koordinaciis safuZvelze. zmnuri koor<br />

or-<br />

dina<br />

nati<br />

(ZiriTadi koordinati) marTavs saxe<br />

xelur koor<br />

ordi<br />

dina<br />

na-<br />

tebs _ morfologiur subieqtsa da morfologiur obieqtebs _<br />

brunvaSi. es ukanasknelni marTaven zmnur koor<br />

ordi<br />

dinats<br />

piris<br />

mixedviT da iTanxmeben mas ricxvSi (zogi gamonaklisis garda);<br />

b) relatiur-gardauvalzmniani winadadebis saxe<br />

xelu<br />

luri koor<br />

or-<br />

dina<br />

nate<br />

tebi<br />

(morfologiuri subieqti da morfologiuri obieqti)<br />

aseve marTaven zmnas piris mixedviT da iTanxmeben mas ricxvSi<br />

(gamonaklisi aqac gvaqvs). saxelur koordinatTagan morfologiuri<br />

subieqti saxelobiTi brunvis formiT warmogvidgeba,<br />

xolo morfologiuri obieqti _ micemiTi brgunvis formiT<br />

dro-kiloTa samsave JgufSi; g) absolutur-gardauvalzmnian<br />

winadadebaSi morfologiuri subieqti marTavs zmnas pirSi<br />

da iTanxmebs mas ricxvis mixedviT, Tavad ki umarTavia.<br />

3. Tanamedrove qarTulSi morfologiuri subieqtisa da<br />

morfologiuri obieqtebis piri Tu ricxvi xan niSnebiTaa<br />

warmodgenili zmnaSi (m-xatav-s is me, m-xatav-en<br />

isini me, gv-xatav-s<br />

is Cven, gv-xatav-en<br />

isini Cven...), xan _ nuliT (g-xatav-∅-<br />

T is Tqven, g-xatav-en-∅ isini Tqven, an kidev: ∅-∅-∅-uxatav Sen<br />

mas mas...). bunebrivia, niSnian da uniSno (nulovan) formebs<br />

sintaqsurad erTi da igive Zala aqvT.<br />

42<br />

43

4. Tanamedrove qarTulSi relatiurzmniani martivi (gauvrcobeli)<br />

winadadebis wevrebi iqneba: zmnuri koordinati,<br />

morfologiuri subieqtis Sesabamisi saxeluri koordinati da<br />

brunvacvalebadi Tu brunvaucvleli morfologiuri obieqtebis<br />

Sesabamisi saxeluri koordinatebi. dama<br />

mate<br />

teba<br />

gveqneba mxolod<br />

erT SemTxvevaSi _ dro-kiloTa mesame seriis nakvTebTan,<br />

roca samsaxeliani zmnis brunvaucvleli morfologiuri obieqtis<br />

Sesabamisi saxeluri koordinati Tandebulian formad moiqceva<br />

(miuweria mamas Svilis<br />

lisTvis<br />

werili). terminologiuri<br />

TvalsazrisiT aGsaniSnavia, rom mas (Svi<br />

Svilis<br />

lisTvis<br />

Tvis) SeiZleba ub-<br />

ralo<br />

aGarc ewodos (aramed _ dama<br />

mate<br />

teba<br />

ba), radgan pirdapiri<br />

da iribi damatebebis adgils brunvacvalebadi da brunvaucvleli<br />

morfologiuri obieqtebis Sesabamisi saxeluri koordinatebi<br />

ikaveben.<br />

5. moxsenebaSi ganxiluli iqneba saxeluri koordinatebi<br />

sidide-simciris mixedviT (pirTa kombinaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT).<br />

6. Tanamedrove qarTulSi relatiurzmniani martivi (gauvrcobeli)<br />

winadadeba warmoadgens zmnur da saxelur koordinatTa<br />

SesitKvebas.<br />

r u s u d a n i o s e l i a n i<br />

ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÅÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÓÀáÄÁ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ<br />

1. ÓÀÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÏ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀÛÉ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉÀ, ÒÏÌ ÄÍÀÛÉ<br />

ÈÄÏÒÉÖËÀà ÃÀÓÀÛÅÄÁÉÀ ÌÄÏÒÀÃÉ ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÅÄÁÉÓ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÄÏ-<br />

ÒÄÁÀ (ÌÀÂ: ÀßÄÒÉÍÄÁÓ → ÀßÄÒÉÍÄÁÉÍÄÁÓ). ÀÍÔÏÍÉ ÐÉÒÅÄËÉÓ `ØÀÒÈÖËÉ<br />

ÙÒÀÌÀÔÉÊÉÓÀ" ÃÀ ÈÀÍÀÌÄÃÒÏÅÄ ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÉÓ ÌÏÍÀÝÄÌÈÀ ÌÉáÄÃÅÉÈ<br />

ÀÓÄÈ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÓ ÀÃÀÓÔÖÒÄÁÄÍ ÓÀÛÖÀË ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ ÃÀ ÈÀÍÀÌÄÃÒÏÅÄ<br />

ÃÉÀËÄØÔÄÁÛÉ (È. ÖÈÖÒÂÀÉÞÄ). ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ÄÍÀÛÉ ÜÅÄÖËÄÁÒÉÅÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÀÀ<br />

ÏÒÌÀÂÉ ÊÀÖÆÀÝÉÀ, ÌÄÔÉÝ, ÛÄÉÍÉÛÍÄÁÀ ×ÏÒÌÄÁÉ, ÓÀÃÀÝ ÂÅáÅÃÄÁÀ<br />

ÓÀÌÌÀÂÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉÈ ÂÀÌÏáÀÔÖËÉ ÊÀÖÆÀÝÉÀ:<br />

(ÁÆ.) á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä;<br />

44<br />

á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÌÆÀÃ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÁØ.) á-ÀÌÀÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌÀÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌÀÒ-ÖÍ-ð-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÌÆÀÃ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ËÛá.) á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-êËæÍ-ÖÍ-Ä;<br />

á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ê-æÍ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÌÆÀÃ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-<br />

ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ËÍÔ.) á-ÀÌÀÒ-æÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌÀÒ-ðË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌÀÒ-ÖÍ-ðË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌÀÒ-<br />

ÖÍ-ðË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀÌÆÀÃ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÜË.) á-ÀÌêÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-êË-Í-éÍ-<br />

Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-ê-æÍ-éÍ-Ä; á-ÀÌêÒ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä|á-ÀÌêÒ-êË-Í-éÍ-êË-Í-Ä (“ÀÌÆÀÃ-<br />

ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÁÆ.) á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÓÚ-ð-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-<br />

Ä|á-ÀÓÚ-ð-æÍ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÊÄÈ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÁØ.) á-ðÓÚ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä<br />

(“ÀÊÄÈ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ËÛá.) á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀÊÄÈ-<br />

ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ËÍÔ.) á-ðÓÚ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÓÚ-Ä-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-Äæ-ðË-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÓÚ-Äæ-ðËæÍ-ÖÍ-Ä;<br />

á-ðÓÚ-Äæ-ðË-Í-ÖÍ-ðË-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÊÄÈ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÜË.) á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÓÚ-ð-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-<br />

ÖÍ-êË-Í-Ä|á-ÀÓÚ-êË-Í-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÓÚ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä|á-ÀÓÚ-êË-Í-éÍ-êË-Í-Ä|á-<br />

ÀÓÚ-ð-æÍ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä (“ÀÊÄÈ-ÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÁÆ.) á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä;<br />

á-ÀÛÚæÃÎê/ëË-Í-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä (“ÀÒÄÝá-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÁØ.) á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÃÄË-<br />

ÀË-Í-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀÒÄÝá-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ËÛá.) á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÃ-ÎÄË-êË-Í-ÖÍ-Ä<br />

(“ÀÒÄÝá-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ËÍÔ.) á-ðÛÚæÄÃ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÃ-ÎÄË-ÀË-Í-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÃ-ÎÄË-ðËæÍ-ÖÍ-ðË-Í-Ä<br />

(“ÀÒÄÝá-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÜË.) á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛÚÃ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä|á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-<br />

Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÃ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛÚæÃÎëË-êË-Í-éÍ-êË-Í-Ä (“ÀÒÄÝá-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÁÆ.) á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÊÒ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-<br />

Ä (“ÀÙÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó ÊÀÒÓ, ×ÀÍãÀÒÀÓ”).<br />

(ÁØ.) á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀÙÄÁ-ÉÍ-<br />

ÄÁ-Ó ÊÀÒÓ, ×ÀÍãÀÒÀÓ”).<br />

(ËÛá.) á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä<br />

(“ÀÙÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó ÊÀÒÓ, ×ÀÍãÀÒÀÓ”).<br />

(ËÍÔ.) á-ÀÊÀÒ-Í-Ä|á-ÀÊÀÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÀÒ-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÊÀÒ-æÍ-ÖÍ-ðËæÍ-Ä;<br />

(“ÀÙÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó ÊÀÒÓ, ×ÀÍãÀÒÀÓ”).<br />

(ÜË.) á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÊÒ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÊÒ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä<br />

45

(“ÀÙÄÁ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó ÊÀÒÓ, ×ÀÍãÀÒÀÓ”).<br />

(ÁÆ.) á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä<br />

(“ÀáÓÄÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÁØ.) á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä (“ÀáÓÄÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ËÛá.) á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä<br />

(“ÀáÓÄÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ËÍÔ.) á-ÀÛÚæÄÍÃ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÄÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚæÄÃ-ÎÄË-ðË-Í-ÖÍ-Ä;<br />

á-ÀÛÚæÄÃ-ÎÄË-ðË-Í-ÖÍ-ðË-Í-Ä (“ÀáÓÄÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÜË.) á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä|á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛÚÃ-ÖÍêË-Í-éÍ-Ä<br />

(“ÀáÓÄÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÁÆ.) á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÎÒ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-<br />

ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä (“ÀßÄÒ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÁØ.) á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-Í-Ä|á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-<br />

ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀßÄÒ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ËÛá.) á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÎÒ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÖÍêË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä<br />

(“ÀßÄÒ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ËÍÔ.) á-ðÎÒ-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÀË-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ÀË-ÖÍ-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-ðË-<br />

ÖÍ-ðË-ÖÍ-æÍ-Ä (“ÀßÄÒ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÜË.) á-ðÎÒ-Í-Ä|á-ðÎÒ-êË-Í-Ä; á-ðÎÒ-Í-éÍ-Ä|á-ðÎÒ-ÄÍ-êË-Í-Ä|áðÎÒ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä;<br />

á-ðÎÒ-êË-Í-éÍ-êË-Í-Ä (“ÀßÄÒ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÁÆ.) á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÛá-ó-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä|á-ðÛá-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä; á-<br />

ðÛá-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÛá-ó-æÍ-ÖÍ-ó-æÍ-Ä (“ÀßÅ-ÄÅ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÁØ.) á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-Ä; á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-Í-Ä|á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-Ä; á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-À-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä<br />

(“ÀßÅ-ÄÅ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ËÛá.) á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛá-êË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛá-êË-æÍ-<br />

ÖÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-êË-æÍ-ÖÍ-Ä (“ÀßÅ-ÄÅ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ËÍÔ.) á-ðÛá-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ðÛá-ÉÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-ðË-æÍ-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-ðË-æÍðË-æÍ-Ä<br />

(“ÀßÅ-ÄÅ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

(ÜË.) á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛá-êË-Í-Ä; á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-Í-Ä|á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-êË-Í-Ä|á-ÀÛáêË-Í-éÍ-Ä;<br />

á-ÀÛá-ÖÍ-êË-Í-éÍ-Ä|á-ÀÛá-êË-Í-éÍ-êË-Í-Ä (“ÀßÅ-ÄÅ-ÉÍ-ÄÁ-Ó”).<br />

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÅÓ ÀßÀÒÌÏÄÁÓ -ÖÍ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÉ. ÈÖ ÆÌÍÉÓ ×ÖÞÄ<br />

ÄÒÈÌÀÒÝÅËÉÀÍÆÄ ÌÄÔÉÀ ÃÀ ÛÄÊÖÌÛÖËÉÀ, ÌÀÛÉÍ -ÖÍ-Ä’Ó ÒÄÃÖØÝÉÀ<br />

ÌÏÓÃÉÓ ÃÀ ÉØÝÄÅÀ -æÍ-Ä’Ã (Å. ÈÏ×ÖÒÉÀ).<br />

ÏÒÌÀÂÉ ÃÀ ÓÀÌÌÀÂÉ ÊÀÖÆÀÝÉÉÓ ÌÉÆÄÆÉ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÉÚÏÓ<br />

ÊÀÖÆÀÔÉÖÒÉ ÓÖ×ÉØÓÄÁÉÓ ×ÖÍØÝÉÉÓ ÃÀÊÀÒÂÅÀ.<br />

g u C a k v a r a c x e l i a<br />

axal al disciplinaTa saerTo Teoriuli<br />

safuZveli da urTierTmimarTeba<br />

meoce saukunis meore naxevarSi zedized warmoiSva enaTmecnierebis<br />

axali mimarTulebebi, romlebmac enis sistemisadmi<br />

imanenturi midgomis arasakmarisoba gamoavlina. isini Kalibdeboda<br />

struqturuli enaTmecnierebis erTgvari daZleviTa da<br />

axlo warsulSi farTod gavrcelebuli lingvistikuri koncefciebis<br />

kritikiT: a) araadekvaturia enobriv erTeulTa analizis<br />

Semofargvla enis mxolod modelebisa da struqturebis<br />

TvalsazrisiT; b) calmxrivoba axasiaTebs Teoriebs, romlebic<br />

ar iTvaliswineben imas, rom enobrivi urTierToba ormxrivi<br />

procesia, sadac monawileoben rogorc molaparake (metKvelebis<br />

warmomqmneli), ise msmeneli (metKvelebis aGmqmeli);<br />

g) komunikacia mxolod mza enobrivi formebis realizacia ar<br />

aris, aramed am formaTa warmomqmnelicaa. idea momdinareobs<br />

v. humboldtisagan, romelic enas ganixilavda rogorc `ukve<br />

Seqmnilis, ukve nawarmoebis~ (`ergonis~) da Seqmnis `procesSi<br />

mKofis~, `Semoqmedi Zalis~ (`energeis~) dialeqtikur erTianobas.<br />

amasTanave, mTavari roli am ukanasknels (moqmedebas) eniyeboda.<br />

humboldtis Teoriis aqtualizeba enis axal gagebaSic<br />

aisaxa _ ena ganisazGvreba ara rogorc niSanTa statikuri sistema,<br />

aramed rogorc sistema realur moqmedebaSi, amasTanave,<br />

adamianTan, metKvel subieqtTan myidro kavSirSic.<br />

Tanamedrove komunikaciuri Teoriis Tanaxmad, enis Seswavla<br />

unda mimdinareobdes rogorc Sidaenobrivi, ise gareenobrivi<br />

faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, vinaidan isini arsebiTad<br />

ganapirobeben verbaluri urTierTobis struqturasa da Sinaarss.<br />

cxadia, gareenobrivi faqti enobrivi faqti ar aris, magram<br />

arc am ukanasknelis ganxilvaa SesaZlebeli pirvelis gaTvaliswinebis<br />

gareSe. Sesabamisad, enis analizi xdeba kompleqsuri,<br />

xolo analizis sagani _ ufro vrceli. mag., sitKvis mniS-<br />

46<br />

47

venlobis kvlevisas sakmarisi aGar aris sakuTriv enobrivi konteqsti,<br />

aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia pragmatikuli konteqstebi<br />

da situacia; sintaqsuri kvlevac scdeba winadadebis<br />

farglebs da inacvlebs metKvelebis aqtTa bmul Tanamimdevrobaze<br />

anu diskursze, romelic sxvadasxva aspeqtis (pragmatikuli,<br />

semantikuri, referentuli, emociur-Semfasebluri...) ga-<br />

Tvaliswinebis saSualebas iZleva.<br />

enis analizis sferoSi adamianis faqtoris SemoKvanam mniSvenlovnad<br />

gaafarTova lingvistikis horizonti da, amasTanave<br />

gamoiwvia enaTmecnierebis daaxloeba adamianis Semswavlel<br />

iseT disciplinebTan, rogoricaa: fsiqologia, sociologia,<br />

eTnologia, istoria, kulturologia, kognitologia, biologia,<br />

nevrologia. maT miJnasa da gadakveTaze warmoiSva interdisciplinaruli<br />

mecnierebebi, romlebic Tanamedrove humanitaruli<br />

codnis komunikaciur paradigmaSi ganixileba.<br />

axal disciplinaTa mecnierebaTaSorisi buneba da statusi<br />

gamoxatulebas poulobs TiToeuli maTganis cnebiT aparatsa<br />

da kompozitur saxelwodebaSi. maTi urTierTmimarTeba sxvadasxvagvaria:<br />

fsiqo<br />

qolin<br />

lingvis<br />

gvisti<br />

tiki<br />

kisa<br />

da soci<br />

ciolin<br />

lingvis<br />

gvisti<br />

tikis<br />

warmoSobas<br />

safuZvlad udevs metKvelebis Semdegi ontologiuri daxasia-<br />

Teba: metKvelebis aqtis mizani am aqtis gareT Zevs. sametKvelo<br />

qmedeba arasametKvelo qmedebas emsaxureba da amiT aris Sepirobebuli;<br />

fsiqo<br />

qolin<br />

lingvis<br />

gvisti<br />

tika<br />

kasa<br />

da neiro<br />

rolin<br />

lingvis<br />

gvisti<br />

tikas<br />

kvlevis erTi<br />

ubani aqvT saerTo _ fonologiur, gramatikul, leqsikur da<br />

semantikur moSlilobaTa gamovlena. aq fsiqolingvistika qmnis<br />

Teoriul safuZvels, xolo neirolingvistika specialurad<br />

aris orientirebuli sxvadasxva saxis afaziaTa diagnostikasa<br />

da mkurnalobaze;<br />

gansxvavebuli kuTxiTa da aqcentebiT swavloben socialuri<br />

da kulturuli faqtorebis zegavlenas enaze soci<br />

ciolin<br />

lin-<br />

gvisti<br />

tika<br />

da eTno<br />

nolin<br />

lingvis<br />

gvisti<br />

tika<br />

ka. es ukanaskneli enobrivi monacemebis<br />

meSveobiT Seiswavlis am enaze molaparake xalxis fsi-<br />

48<br />

qologias, miTologias, istoriasa da kulturas im postulatze<br />

daKrdnobiT, rom xalxebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian<br />

samKaros enobrivi suraTiT, msoflxedviT.<br />

eTno<br />

nolin<br />

lingvis<br />

gvisti<br />

tikis<br />

wiaGSi narmoiSva lingvo<br />

gvokul<br />

kultu<br />

turo<br />

rolo<br />

lo-<br />

gia, romelic erovnuli diskursis specifikur erTeulebs avlens<br />

da ikvlevs, swavlobs dedaenis rols adamianis SemecnebiT<br />

moGvaweobaSi. es sfero mas saerTo aqvs kogni<br />

niti<br />

tiur lin-<br />

gvisti<br />

tikas<br />

kasTan<br />

Tan, romelsac, Tavsi mxriv, kompi<br />

piute<br />

teru<br />

ruli lingvis<br />

gvis-<br />

tika<br />

ukavSirdeba: saerTo aspeqtia sxvadasxva codnis enobrivi<br />

kategorizacia da konceptualizacia.<br />

fsiqo<br />

qolin<br />

lingvis<br />

gvisti<br />

tikis<br />

kis, soci<br />

ciolin<br />

lingvis<br />

gvisti<br />

tikis<br />

kis, eTno<br />

nolin<br />

lingvis<br />

gvisti<br />

ti-<br />

kis, pragma<br />

malin<br />

lingvis<br />

gvisti<br />

tiki<br />

kisa<br />

da diskur<br />

kursis Teori<br />

riis<br />

is urTierTgadakveTis<br />

erT-erT sferos warmoadgens para<br />

ralin<br />

lingvis<br />

gvisti<br />

tika<br />

ka.<br />

CamoTvlili Tanamedrove disciplinebTan saerTo problemebi<br />

da kvleviTi interesebi aqvs pragma<br />

malin<br />

lingvis<br />

gvisti<br />

tika<br />

kasac<br />

sac, romelic<br />

CamoKalibebis procesSia.<br />

daskvnisaTvis SeiZleba iTqvas, rom axal interdisciplinarul<br />

mimarTulebebs aerTianebs anTropomorfizmze, dinamizmze,<br />

funqcionalizmsa da kognitivizmze damKarebuli Sexedulebebi<br />

da principebi. verc erT axal disciplinas ver eqvemdebareba<br />

tradiciuli lingvistika, romelic axlisa da tradiciulis<br />

dapirispirebaSi aramarkirebulad agrZelebs arsebobas, opoziciis<br />

gareT ki ganagrZobs sakuTari problemebisa da konkretuli<br />

sakiTxebis kvlevas im dargebis mixedviT, romlebic istoriul<br />

procesSi empiriulad CamoKalibda.<br />

49

o m a n l o l u a<br />

kavkasiis albanur warweraTa korpusis<br />

dazustebisaTvis<br />

1948-52 wlebSi azerbaiJanis teritoriaze, mingeCauris ga-<br />

Txrebis Sedegad, aGmoCnda ramdenime albanuri warwera da<br />

grafiti. maT erTobliobas dGes albanur warweraTa korpuss<br />

uwodeben; masSi Sedis: 1. Jvris postamentis warwera _ 70 grafema;<br />

2. grafiti Tixis Sandalze # 1-50 grafema; 3. grafiti<br />

Tixis Sandalze # 16/17 grafema; 4. grafiti Tixis Sandalze<br />

# 3-8 grafema; 5. grafiti Tixis Sandalze # 4-24 grafema, 6.<br />

grafiti kramitis natexze # 1-21 grafema; 7. grafiti kramitis<br />

natexze # 2-5/6 grafema. mTlianad korpusi Sedgeba 194-<br />

196 grafemisgan da masSi savaraudod albanuri anbanis 52 grafemidan<br />

dadasturebulia 31 grafema.<br />

am korpusSi tradiciulad Kvela mecniers Sehqonda e. w.<br />

derbentis warwera, rac gaugebaria.<br />

zemoxsenebuli warwera aGmoCenilia m. barxudarianis mier,<br />

romelmac gadmoxata igi (barxudariani; 1893).<br />

mis garda es warwera aravis unaxavs, Tu ar CavTvliT<br />

m. smbaTians, romelmac SesaZloa naxa igi, Tumca es saeyvoa, radgan<br />

misi cnoba da warweris naxati zustad imeorebs m. barxudarianis<br />

cnobas warweris aGmoCenis Sesaxeb (smbaTiani; 1896).<br />

miuxedavad imisa, rom derbentSi Kofnisas s. muraviovma<br />

ver aGmoaCina es warwera, igi mainc axorcielebs cdas misi wakiTxvisa.<br />

vinaidan im mdgomareobaSi, ra mdgomareobaSic igi<br />

gvxvdeba m. barxudarianis da m. smbaTianis naSromebSi misi wakiTxva<br />

SeuZlebeli iKo, amitom s. muraviovma 180°-iT Seabruna<br />

warwera, aseve Seitana ramodenime Sesworeba, ris Sedegadac<br />

igi waikiTxa rogorc karTa zGude / karis zGude _ transkrifcia<br />

goz y´ule´mo {‚} (muraviovi 1981; 281-282).<br />

darwmunebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom warweris pirveli grafema<br />

ar warmoadgens g- aso-bgeras (miuxedavad imisa, rom es<br />

grafema palimfsestSi ar aris dadasturebuli). aseve eyvs iw-<br />

50<br />

vevs Kvela danarCeni grafemis identifikacia; warweris # 3<br />

grafema (muraviovis azriT -z) ufro hgavs albanuri anbanis<br />

# 23 (h); warweris # 6 (l) ~ anbanis # 34 (J?); warweris #<br />

8 (m) ~ anbanis # 9 (T). warweris sxva niSnebisTvis ki analogiebis<br />

povna albanur anbanSi yirs.<br />

unda iTqvas, rom saeyvoa saerTod derbentis warweris arsebobis<br />

faqti da Tu mainc davuSvebT mis arsebobas, Znelad<br />

savaraudoa igi warmoadgendes kavkasiis albanuri damwerlobis<br />

nimuSs.<br />

q e T e v a n m a r g i a n i - s u b a r i<br />

mirTva svanur<br />

nurSi<br />

mirTva srulmniSvnelovan sitKvaTa iseTi SekavSirebaa winadadebaSi,<br />

roca `wamKvani sitKva damokidebuls Sinaarsobliv<br />

ikavSirebs ise, rom amas raime gramatikuli gamoxatuleba ar axlavs~<br />

(l. kvayaZe).<br />

xSirad rTulia zGvris dadeba marTvasa da mirTvas Soris,<br />

gansakuTrebiT Tandebuliani formisa da moqmedebiTi<br />

brunvis SemTxvevaSi; `mokla TofiT~, `wavida fexiT~ tipis wKvilebSi,<br />

Tu davuSvebT, rom mxolod es brunvaa SesaZlebeli, ma-<br />

Sin marTvaa, magram, `radgan cnobilia, rom erTpiriani zmna mar-<br />

Tvis unaris gareSea, mocemul magaliTebSi mirTva daiSvebao~ _<br />

aGniSnavs v. Tofuria. Tandebuliani brunva idiomatur gamo-<br />

TqmaSic `xelSi aqvs~ SeiZleba Seicvalos formiT `xelT aqvs~...<br />

maSasadame, `qarTulSi mirTulia zmnizeda da Tandebuliani saxeli<br />

Kvela SemTxvevaSi, mimrTveli ki, uwinares Kovlisa, _ zmna<br />

(Semasmeneli) da nazmnari saxeli (iqneba is gansazGvreba Tu winadadebis<br />

sxva wevri)~ (v. Tofuria).<br />

principi analogiuria svanur enaSic, magram mirTvis areali<br />

aq ufro farTo Cans Tanamedrove qarTul saliteraturo<br />

51

enasTan SedarebiT, rac, ZiriTadad, mirTul sitKvaTa mravalferovnebas<br />

ukavSirdeba;<br />

1. svanur enaSi, sxva qarTvelur enaTa msgavsad, aris pirveladi<br />

(q’m<br />

`gareT~, b‰zi `amaGam~, ldi `dGes~...) da meoreuli,<br />

anu nawarmoebi zmnizedebi, sadac gaqvavebuli brunvisniSnianebis<br />

(ham<br />

ham-s `dilas~, l’T-S…<br />

`GamiT~, J…in‰l-d `Zvelad~) da<br />

TandebulianTa (eS<br />

eS-Te<br />

`iqiT~, eC-xn<br />

`iqidan~...) gverdiT gvxvdeba<br />

sakuTriv zmnizedaTa mawarmoebliani formebi: ji-xi<br />

`ufro<br />

zeviT~ (Sdr. jib `zeviT~).<br />

2. mdgomareobis an mimarTulebis maCvenebel martiv TandebulTa<br />

kombinaciiT miGebuli rTuli Tandebulebi -TŠsga<br />

/ -<br />

Tesga, -Te<br />

Teqa<br />

qa, -xnqa<br />

/ -xen<br />

xenqa<br />

qa, -xnji<br />

/ - xenji<br />

da sxv. erTdroulad<br />

asaxaven Jer moqmedebis mimarTulebas, Semdeg ki mdgomareobas,<br />

romelSic aGmoCndeba sagani moqmedebis damTavrebis Semdeg:<br />

qoris<br />

risga ri `saxlSi aris~ (SignimKofoba), Sdr. qors ri<br />

`saxlSi (Sin) aris~;<br />

qorTe esGri `saxlSi (saxlisken) midis~;<br />

qorTesga esGri `saxlSi (SigniT) Sedis~.<br />

ji, Cu, , {i}sga{<br />

sga/ska<br />

ska elementebi, romlebic `zmnasTan windebulia,<br />

saxelTan ki _ Tandebuli~ (v. Tofuria), sintagmaSi er-<br />

Tdrouli monawileobisas gavlenas axdenen SesitKvebis semantikaze;<br />

Sdr.<br />

lˆcTØad<br />

adski<br />

skine<br />

`wKalSi gadaxta~;<br />

lˆcTesgØ adski<br />

skine<br />

`wKalSi Caxta~;<br />

lˆcTeis<br />

isga sgaØdski<br />

dskine<br />

`wKalSi (ki) Caxta~.<br />

igive nawilaki Tu damoukidebladac CaerTo, maSin aseTi<br />

SesitKveba qarTulSi paronomaziis saxeliT cnobili gamoTqmis<br />

Sinaarss iZens:<br />

lˆcTesga sga sgÀads<br />

adskine<br />

ine, mare qØntixxq<br />

`wKalSi CaxtomiT<br />

ki Caxta, magram gamoiKvanes (gamoabrunes)~.<br />

erTi da igive Tandebuli zogJer gansxvavebul semantikas<br />

aniyebs mirTul sitKvebs da qarTuladac sxvadasxva Tandebuls<br />

Seisabamebs:<br />

eJi cxekTe iG…re…da babas<br />

bas `is tKisken itKuebda babuas~;<br />

52<br />

mal… daƒˆlTØaCd<br />

aCd `mela TxasTan wavida~;<br />

eJi lasˆnJ…Te lˆmr meƒde `is dasaTvaliereblad Kofila<br />

mosuli~.<br />

-Te<br />

Tandebuliani saxeli pirvel winadadebaSi adgilis garemoebaa,<br />

meoreSi _ ubralo damateba, mesameSi ki mKofadis<br />

mimGeobaze darTviT miznis garemoeba miviGeT.<br />

3. miuxedavad Tandebulebis siuxvisa da maTi farTo SesaZleblobisa,<br />

axali qarTuli saliteraturo enis Tandebulian<br />

formebs svanur enaSi xSirad uTandebulo da ormagbrunviani<br />

formebi Seesabameba, romelTa analogiebi Zvel qarTulSia:<br />

al yem eser Cj-iS<br />

iS-d xakuC<br />

`es Tiva cxenisTvis (cxen-is-ad)<br />

mindao~.<br />

4. Tandebulebis gamoKenebis farTo SesaZlebloba, meoreuli<br />

(nawarmoebi) zmnizedebis mravalferovneba da enis konservatiuloba,<br />

gamoxatuli Zveli viTarebis amsaxveli uTandebulo<br />

formebis SemonaxviT, ganapirobebs svanur enaSi semantikuri niuansebis<br />

moqnilad gamoxatvis did potencials da afarToebs<br />

mirTvis areals, radganac igi sintagmis wevrTa Soris swored<br />

Sinaarsobliv kavSirs gulisxmobs.<br />

v a x t a n g m a G r a Z e<br />

ramde<br />

deni<br />

nime<br />

kalkis<br />

kis Sesa<br />

saxeb<br />

sesxeba enis gamdidrebis erT-erT mniSvnelovani saSualebaa.<br />

magram `meore ukiduresobas warmoadgens ganukiTxavad<br />

Semotana ucxo sitKvebisa maSin, roca amis sayiroeba ar aris,<br />

Tu saTanado sitKva SeiZleba davZebnoT sakuTar leqsikur<br />

fondSi anda vawarmooT arsebul sitKvaTagan sesxeba gaumar-<br />

Tlebelia~ (arn. Ciqobava).<br />

amisda miuxedavad, xSiria sintagmuri Tu semantikuri<br />

kalkis gadmoGebisa da damkvidrebis cdebi.<br />

53

a. xasi<br />

siaTi<br />

Ti. am sitKvas qarTul enaSi sami mniSvneloba<br />

aqvs: 1. adamianis sulier TvisebaTa erToblioba, romlebic mis<br />

qcevebSi vlindeba, 2. sulieri ganwKoba, 3. risame Tviseba.<br />

Cvens SemTxvevaSi xasiaTi aris sulieri mdgomareoba, romelic<br />

mravalgvaria. arsebobs mtkice, Seupovari, kargi, axirebuli,<br />

yirveuli, ujmuri, mZime, autaneli...<br />

rusuli enis meSveobiT enaSi sintagmis _ mtkice º Seupovari<br />

xasiaTi _ erTi sitKviT gamoxatvis tendencia mkvidrdeba:<br />

`mas hqonda xasi<br />

siaTi<br />

da Girsebac~, `roca pirvelad institutSi<br />

ver... Cavabare, mere ukve xasi<br />

siaTi<br />

gamoviCine~, `mas<br />

hqonda fuli da xasi<br />

siaTi<br />

Ti~.<br />

amgvari SemTxvevebi semantikuri kalkis nimuSebia, Tumca<br />

araiSviaTad marTebul gamoKenebasac vxvdebiT.<br />

b. axalgaz<br />

gazrda<br />

rda. balaxi º Geroº nargavi º kartofili º<br />

xaxvi... isev evropuli (rusuli, inglisuri, franguli) enebis<br />

gavleniT mkvidrdeba.<br />

daxvewili qarTuliT unda KofiliKo norCi balaxi º<br />

Gero º nargavi º nergi º naTesi º kartofili º xaxvi º yarxali.<br />

g. qarTul enas saSualeba aqvs Koveli sazogado saxeli<br />

or ricxvSi awarmoos. Tumca isev ucxo enebis `wKalobiT~<br />

iKeneben erTi erTeulis gamosaxatavad mravlobiT ricxvs:<br />

`Semovida mamakaci, mzis Savi saTva<br />

Tvale<br />

leebi<br />

ekeTa~, `lindsim Jinse<br />

se-<br />

bis ukana Jibisaken waiGo xeli~, `qalma sulelur Calis qudSi,<br />

Sorteb<br />

tebSi<br />

da sandlebSi gamowKobili brius uilisi dainaxa~.<br />

Kvela magaliTi aSkarad miuTiTebs, rom saubari exeba<br />

erT konkretul saTvales, Jinssa Tu Sorts da ara mravlobiT-<br />

Si dasmul nivTebs.<br />

sxvaTa enis brmad miKola da gauazreblad mibaZva enas ki<br />

ar amdidrebs da amravalferovnebs, samwuxarod, mxolod anagvianebs<br />

da aGaribebs.<br />

54<br />

n a n a m a y a v a r i a n i<br />

anTro<br />

Tropo<br />

pomor<br />

morful arse<br />

seba<br />

baTa saxel<br />

xelwo<br />

wode<br />

debe<br />

bebis<br />

bis<br />

warmomav<br />

mavlo<br />

lobi<br />

bisa<br />

saTvis afxazur<br />

zurSi<br />

Si.<br />

2. aZˆZlan // aZˆzlan `ali<br />

ali, feria<br />

ria~<br />

afxazurSi aZˆZlan // aZˆzlan aGniSnavs `als, ferias~.<br />

moxsenebaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom<br />

aZˆZlan // aZˆzlan leqsema rTuli Sedgenilobisa unda iKos:<br />

aZˆ `wKali~, + -s (gardaqceviTobis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi) +<br />

la (lokaluri preverbi, romelic raimeSi mKofobas gamoxatavs)<br />

+ -n (namKo ganusazGvreli drois am SemTxvevaSi gaqvavebuli<br />

sufiqsi).<br />

*a-aZˆslan > aZˆzlan > aZˆZlan progresuli asimilaciiT:<br />

Tumca, aZˆZlan º aZˆzlan orive cocxali, paralelurad xmarebuli<br />

formaa afxazurSi.<br />

sitKvis Tavdapirveli mniSvneloba unda KofiliKo<br />

`wKlad Sig mKofi~. aGniSnuli semantika `ali~ leqsemisa arc<br />

qarTul-kavkasiuri folklorisTvisaa ucxo.<br />

k o b a m i T a g v a r i a<br />

adami<br />

mianis asakob<br />

kobriv dife<br />

feren<br />

renci<br />

ciacia<br />

ciasTan dakav<br />

kavSi<br />

Sire<br />

rebu<br />

buli<br />

termi<br />

mine<br />

nebi Cerqe<br />

qezul enebSi<br />

asakobriv diferenciasTan dakavSirebuli terminebis<br />

daKofa pirobiTad or Jgufad SeiZleba.<br />

pirvel Jgufs Seadgens terminebi, romlebSic ar aris<br />

warmodgenili sqesobrivi gansxvaveba adamianebs Soris. es terminebi<br />

Tanabrad SeiZleba gamoKenebuli iqnes rogorc mamakac-<br />

Ta, ise qalTa mimarT.<br />

sitKvebis umravlesoba iwarmoeba adiG. y–l<br />

fuZis<br />

gamoKenebiT, romelic aGniSnavda `axals, axal gaCenils~.<br />

55

am kategorias ganekuTvneba adiG. y–l<br />

l–xÀ<br />

xÀ–r,<br />

Kab.<br />

¬alaG°al<br />

al– `axalgazrdebi~ (y– `axali (свежий), l– _ sitKvawarmoebiTi<br />

afiqsi, -xÀ<br />

xÀ– _ mravlobiTi ricxvis mawarmoebeli<br />

afiqsi).<br />

Kabardouli sitKva nawarmoebia ¬– `axali, axalgazrda~<br />

fuZeze sitKvawarmoebiTi G°al<br />

al– sufiqsis darTviT.<br />

adiG. zˆxÀ–xÀ<br />

xÀ°–G° da Kabard. xˆJ–bz<br />

aGniSnavs `mozards~<br />

rogorc mamrobiTi, ise mdedrobiTi sqesisa.<br />

saKuradGeboa `asakis~ aGmniSvneli sitKvebi. adiGeurSi<br />

`ufrosis~ aGmniSvneli sitKvaa nahˆz (nah<br />

nah(ˆ) _ SedarebiTi xarisxis<br />

morfemas daerTvis z(ˆ) _ sitKvawarmoebiTi sufiqsi;<br />

KabardoulSi es sitKva gansxvavebulia da aGniSnavs `ufro<br />

Zvels~. aseTive gziTaa miGebuli `umcrosis~ aGmniSvneli termini<br />

adiG. nahˆy, Kabard. n–ha¬<br />

ha¬– (adiG. nah º Kabard. n–h + sufiqsi<br />

y º ¬–).<br />

terminebis meore Jgufs warmoadgens sitKvebi, romlebSic<br />

erTdroulad aGniSnulia adamianebs Soris sqesobrivi gansxvavebac<br />

e. i. aq mamakacisa da qalis sqesis sxvadasxva asakobrivi<br />

Jgufis aGmniSvneli terminebi diferencirebuladaa warmodgenili,<br />

gamonakliss warmoadgens `Cvili bavSvis~ aGmniSvneli<br />

terminebi sakuTriv adiGeuri nanˆ… da sabˆ; ukanaskneli, a.<br />

Sagirovis azriT, nasesxebia arabulidan: sabiy `biyi~, `Kmawvili~<br />

(Sdr. Turq. sabi `biyi~, `mcirewlovani~) (a. Sagirovi).<br />

KabardoulSi am terminTan erTad (sabˆ<br />

sabˆ) ixmareba sitKva<br />

bˆZa†–, romelic niSnavs `ZuZumwovar bavSvs~ (bˆZˆ<br />

`ZuZu).<br />

(Sdr. afx. aZKˆ da asabi<br />

bi. am terminebiT aGiniSneba bavSvi dabadebidan<br />

erT wlamde.<br />

erTidan Svid wlamde bavSvs adiG. y–l–wˆk<br />

wˆk°ˆ, xolo<br />

KabardoulSi ¬al–wˆk<br />

wˆk° ewodeba (zedmiw. adiG. y–l–, Kabard.<br />

¬al– `biyi~ + wˆk°ˆ `patara~).<br />

amave kategoriaSi mKofi gogonas aGmniSvneli adiGeuri<br />

terminia fs–s<br />

s–zˆˆ<br />

`gogona patara, axalgazrda~, xolo KabardoulSi<br />

xÀˆJabzwˆk° `gogona~.<br />

skolis asakis bavSvs, romelsac ukve garkveuli socialuri<br />

funqcia gaaCnia (7-dan 18 wlamde), adiGelebi eZaxian:<br />

a) `biys~ y–l<br />

l– (abZax. ‡½ala, abZaxurSi adiGeuris SiSina<br />

afrikatebs y, y´ gadadis rbil laringalur abruptiv (‡½<br />

‡½-<br />

Si); KabardoulSi ¬al– (Sdr. afx.-abaz. ayk°ˆ¹ `vaji 7 wlidan<br />

18 wlamde~ (T. gvancelaZe), xolo bzifur dialeqtSi ayk°ˆn<br />

aGniSnavs rogorc `biys~ aseve `gogonas (k. SaKrili).<br />

b) `gogonas~ amave asakobriv kategoriaSi adiGeurad<br />

fsas– ewodeba, xolo KabardoulSi _ xÀˆJ–bz<br />

bz.<br />

srulwlovani axalgazrda mamakacis aGsaniSnavad 18-30<br />

wlamde) adiG y– º Kab. ¬– fuZis reduplicirebuli forma<br />

adiG. y–l<br />

l–y– º Kab. ¬al–s<br />

sa ixmareba.<br />

adiGeuri «ˆ `mamakacsac~ aGniSnavs da `qmarsac~ (Sdr.<br />

Zvel afxazurSi alˆg `qmari~).<br />

amave kategoriaSi mKof qals adiGeurad bzˆlÀ†ˆG, Kabardoulad<br />

bzˆlÀx°ˆG<br />

ˆG– ewodeba.<br />

Semdeg kategoriaSi ganixileba adiG.-Kab. «ˆzˆ `moxuci<br />

kaci~ (zedmiw. «ˆ `kaci, mamakaci + z `moxuci~).<br />

am kategoriis `moxuci qalis~ aGmniSvneli termini<br />

adiGeurSia: nˆ…az `moxuci qali~ (zedmiw. `qali Zveli~), Sdr.<br />

nˆ…– `moxuci qali~.<br />

oTxmoc wels gadacilebul adamians adiGelebi eZaxian:<br />

`mamakacs~ adiG. ƒarˆ…ˆflÀ, Kabard. ƒazÀ, xolo qals~ nˆ…–z d–d d<br />

(zedmiw. `moxuci qali didi~).<br />

56<br />

57

n a T e l a m u z a S v i l i<br />

termi<br />

mino<br />

nolo<br />

logi<br />

giuri sitKvawar<br />

warmo<br />

moebi<br />

bisa<br />

saTvis<br />

1. axal terminTa damkvidrebas, romlebic garkveul procesTan<br />

aris dakavSirebeli, Tan sdevs axali zmnuri formebisa<br />

da maTgan warmoebuli masdarebis Seqmna.<br />

2. teqnikur terminologiaSi xSiria zmnuri formebi,<br />

romlebSic saxeluri fuZeebi saliteraturo qarTulidanaa<br />

aGebuli, magram zmnis formebi specialuri terminebia.<br />

3. teqnikur terminologiaSi warmodgenilia saxeluri<br />

fuZis masdarebi, romelTac Sesabamisi zmnuri formebi ar<br />

aqvT, Tumca udasturdebaT amosavali aGweriTi warmoeba. es im<br />

tradiciis gagrZelebaa, romelic Zvel qarTulSi SeiniSneboda.<br />

Zveli qarTulis zmnaTa uGvlilebaSi aGweriTi formebisa da<br />

organuli warmoebis Senacvleba sakmaod mniSvnelovani faqtia.<br />

igi istoriuli gramatikis erT-erT saintereso ubans warmoadgens.<br />

4. saintereso suraTs gviCvenebs kompozitebisa da sufiqsoidiani<br />

terminebis gaformeba.<br />

l a m a r a n o z a Z e<br />

zogi cnebis<br />

(mniS<br />

mniSvne<br />

nelo<br />

lobis<br />

bis) dazus<br />

zuste<br />

tebi<br />

bisa<br />

saTvis<br />

`qegl<br />

qegl~-Ta<br />

Tan mimar<br />

marTe<br />

TebiT<br />

Tanamedrove qarTul leqsikologiaSi, rogorc cnobilia,<br />

zmnuri saleqsikono erTeulis problemasTan dakavSirebiT, ZiriTadad,<br />

ori sapirispiro mosazreba arsebobs, rac Tavis<br />

mxriv, g a n p i r o b e b u l i a g a n s x v a v e b u l i z o g a d - T e -<br />

o r i u l i T v a l s a z r i s e b i T , saxeldobr:<br />

a. SaniZis azriT qcevis, gvarisa da misT. formebi warmoqmnili<br />

erTeulebia, magram grama<br />

mati<br />

tiku<br />

kuli<br />

da ara leqsi<br />

siku<br />

kuri<br />

58<br />

mniSvnelobis mixedviT 3 .<br />

keravs, akerinebs, ikeravs, ukeravs, ikereba, ekereba... e r -<br />

T s a d a i m a v e m o q m e d e b a s g a m o x a t a v s , e r T s a d a<br />

i m a v e m o v l e n a s asaxavs 4 (es arse<br />

sebi<br />

biTi faqto<br />

toria maTi kva-<br />

lifi<br />

fika<br />

kaci<br />

ciisa<br />

saTvis<br />

Tvis).<br />

aGniSnul formaTa Soris sxvaobas morfologiuri elementebiT<br />

_ a. SaniZis mixedviT _ sasitKvaTSoriso mimarTeba-<br />

Ta gamomxatveli afiqsebiT (a-, i-, i-/u-, i-/e-...) gadmocemuli<br />

grama<br />

mati<br />

tiku<br />

kuli Sina<br />

naar<br />

arsi<br />

qmnis (mxedvelobaSia subieqtur da<br />

obieqtur pirTa Soris kuTvnilebiT urTierTobaze miTiTeba,<br />

moqmedebis gadmocema moqmedi piris gamoCeniT an mis gamouCenlad,<br />

subieqturi piris moqmedeba pirdapir obieqtze uSualod<br />

an sxva piris SualobiT...).<br />

aGsaniSnavia, rom, umravles SemTxvevaSi xsenebul forma-<br />

Ta (vnebiTis, qcevis variantebis, SualobiTi kontaqtis da<br />

misT). mniSvneloba SeiZleba pirdapir (avtomaturad) gamoKvanili<br />

iqnas zmnis Ziris mniSvnelobidan da morfologiuri mawarmoeblebidan.<br />

a. SaniZis azriT, amgvar _ gramatikul erTeulTa _ qcevis,<br />

gvaris, kauzativis da misT. piriani formebis miCneva damoukidebel<br />

saleqsikono erTeulad umarTebuloa (leqsikoni _<br />

leqsemaTa krebulia).<br />

igi, rogorc cnobilia, am funqciiT _ zmnuri paradigmis<br />

meTaur formad _ iKenebs masdars, romlis budeSic warmodgenilia<br />

morfologiuri elementebiT warmoqmnili Kvela SesaZlo<br />

(piriani) g r a m a t i k u l i f o r m a saTanado ilustraciebiT<br />

(Sdr. Kra: Kris... aKris... iKris... uKris... iKreba... eKreba...<br />

Kria... aKria...).<br />

3 aGniSnuli debuleba a. SaniZis `leqsikologiuri koncefciis~ qvakuTxedia.<br />

4<br />

Sdr. amave zmnuri Zirisagan (martivi fuZisagan) warmoqmnili axali<br />

leqsikuri erTeulebi _ mkeravi (`vinc keravs~), sakeravi (`riTac keraven~ _<br />

sakeravi manqana), _ {ga<br />

ga}kerili<br />

(`rac {ga}keres~, mag. qsovili) da misT.,<br />

romlebic zmnuri ZiriT gamoxatul moqmedebasTan dakavSirebul sxva saganze,<br />

sxva obieqtze (adamiani, manqana, qsovili...) miuTiTeben.<br />

59

a r g u m e n t i : masdari zmnis ZiriTadi leqsikuri mniSvnelobis<br />

matarebeli saxelia. igi zmnis Kvelaze ganKenebul mniSvnelobas<br />

gadmogvcems, Kvela amgvar pirian formaTa zogadi<br />

`semantikuri warmomadgenelia~, maTi ziari kategoriaa.<br />

a. SaniZis zogad, Cveni azriT, uaGresad mwKobr da Tanmimdevrul<br />

koncefcias upirispirdeba arn. <strong>Ciqobavas</strong> Tvalsazrisi,<br />

romlis mixedviTac qarTuli zmnis rigi kategoria _<br />

qcevis, gvaris, kauzativis formebi (Slis: iSlis, uSlis, iSleba,<br />

eSleba, aSlevinebs...) g a n s x v a v e b u l i l e q s i k u r i<br />

m n i S v n e l o b i s m a t a r e b e l i a . maTi Setana leqsikonebSi<br />

damoukidebel saleqsikono erTeulad isevea gamarTlebuli,<br />

rogorc saxelis nawarmoebi fuZeebisa (guliani, ugulo, sagule...<br />

Zmuri, moZme, saZmo da misT; `gli~-i VIII, 1964, 06; 1986, 06).<br />

Cveni azriT araswori analogiaa _ guliani, ugulo, sagule...<br />

samarile, umarilo, mariliani da misT. nawarmoebi<br />

formebi Z i r e u l i s a g a n g a n s x v a v e b u l i l e q s i k u r i<br />

m n i S v n e l o b i s m a t a r e b e l i e l e m e n t e b i a . axal obieqts<br />

(sagans) aGniSnavs (Sdr. sama<br />

mari<br />

rile<br />

_ `mcire y u r y e l i ,<br />

raSic marilia~; umari<br />

rilo<br />

_ `s a y m e l i , rasac marili ara<br />

aqvs an aklia~...), maSasadame, damoukidebel saleqsikono erTeulebs<br />

warmoadgens, rasac, rogorc aGiniSna, ver vitKviT qcevis,<br />

gvaris da misT. formebze (irecxavs, urecxavs, irecxeba...).<br />

amgvar analizs mxars uyers zogi sxva faqtoric. kerZod:<br />

arn. <strong>Ciqobavas</strong> azriT zmnaTa absolutur umetesobaSi moqmedebis<br />

saxelebi nawarmoebia gardamavali zmnis saarviso qcevis<br />

fuZisagan (Tesav-s → Tesva, mki-s → mka, aSeneb-s → Seneba...).<br />

`qce<br />

qcevebs<br />

(iTesavs, uTesavs... iSenebs, uSenebs...), vnebi<br />

biTebs<br />

(iTeseba, eTeseba... Sendeba, uSendeba...) sakuTari fuZisagan moqmedebis<br />

saxeli ar ewarmoeba: amgvar zmnebs S e s a b a m i s i nazmnari<br />

saxeli ar gaaCnia...<br />

amisda miuxedavad ara iSvi<br />

viaTad<br />

(xazi _ l. n.) _ konteqstis<br />

Sesabamisad _ gardamavali zmnis saarviso qcevis masdari<br />

SeiZleba iKos gamoKenebuli vnebiTi gvarisTvisac, sasubieqto<br />

qcevaTa Sinaarsis gadmosacemadac~ (`gl~-i, 1950, I, gv. 011-012, 075).<br />

60<br />

winaaGmdegobrivi debulebebia _ es ar iqneboda SesaZlebeli<br />

qcevis, gvaris da misT. nawarmoebi formebi a x a l , g a n -<br />

s x v a v e b u l l e q s i k u r e r T e u l e b s r o m w a r m o a d -<br />

g e n d e s (Sdr. samarile, mariliani, umarilo; gaagonebs, moagonebs,<br />

STaagonebs da misT. udaod l e q s i k u r i n i S n i T<br />

warmoqmnili formebi, romelTa mniSvnelobebis ganzogadeba<br />

erT semantikur monacemad SeuZlebelia) 5 .<br />

zmnur formaTa masdarze ganlagebis erT-erT sawinaaGmdego<br />

argumentad saxeldeba is, rom zmnaTa mTel wKebas,<br />

upiratesad upreverbo nasaxelar zmnebs TiTqos ar ewarmoeba<br />

moqmedebis saxeli. ar iTqmis<br />

bereba (aberebs zmnisagan), sruleba<br />

(asrulebs...), dareba (adarebs...), lamazeba (alamazebs...),<br />

mwvaneba (amwvanebs...), susteba (asustebs...), (re<br />

realu<br />

luria<br />

ria: dabereba<br />

_ daaberebs zmnisagan, Sesruleba _ Seasrulebs zmnisagan...).<br />

maSasadame, m a s d a r i s u q o n l o b i s g a m o a m g v a r i<br />

z m n e b i l e q s i k o n S i v e r m o x v d e b a (`gl~-i, 1950, 011,<br />

075).<br />

sadao argumentia TviT sanimuSod dasaxelebul `akrZalul~<br />

(ar iTqmis _ a. C.) masdarTagan rigi Setanilia `qegl~-<br />

Si: bereba, dareba.<br />

a m t i p i s m a s d a r e b i m r a v l a d a r i s w a r m o -<br />

d g e n i l i `q e g l ~-Si saTanado ilustraciebiT (I) da, rac<br />

mTavaria, ilustraciebis gareSec (II). magaliTad:<br />

I. boleba, braleba, Txeleba, leqsva, mSvideba, oxreba, pareba,<br />

rideba, rkineba, suqeba, Kalibeba, Kruveba, Kudeba...<br />

II. badeba, bedeba, bezreba, biJeba, budeba, zvaveba, TeTreba,<br />

kisreba, landeba, laJeba, neleba, fiTreba, Soreba, Stereba...<br />

masdaris aseTi formebi SeaqvT leqsikonebSi (Zv. qarTu-<br />

5 masdari formobrivad ar ganarCevs moqmedebiTs (qcevis variantebs),<br />

vnebiTs. ara gvaqvs: *ikerva (ikeravs), *ukerva (ukeravs), *esxma (esxmis) da misT.<br />

aGniSnul kategoriaTa mawarmoeblebi: i-, u-, e-... morfologiuri<br />

funqciis saderivacio formantebia. bunebrivia, rom isini masdarSi ar Canan<br />

iseve, rogorc sxva am tipis afiqsebi (Sdr. leqsikuri derivaciis nimuSebi:<br />

Sur-ian<br />

ian-i _ Sur-ia<br />

ian-oba<br />

oba, u-gun-ur<br />

ur-i _ u-gun-ur<br />

ur-eba _ si-ug{u}n-ur-e...).<br />

61

li enis leqsikonebi mxolod `masdarul princips~ emKareba) 6<br />

da es maT funqcionirebas ar abrkolebs.<br />

martivad asaxsneli faqtia _ T u f o r m a n a w a r m o e -<br />

b i a e n a S i m o q m e d i m o d e l e b i s S e s a b a m i s a d , specialistisaTvis<br />

subieqturad rogoradac ar unda aGiqmebodes<br />

igi, enis matareblisTvis (misi SemoqmedisTvis) bunebrivia _<br />

araxelovnuri (ix. zemoTdasaxelebuli nimuSebi).<br />

es aris o b i e q t u r i k r i t e r i u m i enobriv erTeulTa<br />

kvalifikaciisa.<br />

m a T i b u n e b r i o b i s (realurobis) xarisxis g a r k -<br />

v e u l e t a p e b z e ganpirobebulia xmarebis sixSiriT, rac<br />

Tavis mxriv damokidebulia sxva faqtorebze.<br />

s u b i e q t u r i _ calkeul pirTa Tvalsazrisze damKarebuli<br />

kvalifikacia masdaruli formebisa da saerTod enobrivi<br />

erTeulebisa Sedegad iwvevs araTanmimdevrulobas (araer-<br />

Tgvarovnebas), ris araerTi magaliTi gvaqvs `qegl~-Si (ix. n o -<br />

z a Z e , masdaris warmoebis zogi sakiTxi qarTulSi da `qegl~-i,<br />

`enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi~, 1,2004; SeniSvnebi qarTuli enis<br />

ganmartebiT leqsikonze, `saenaTmecniero Ziebani~, XIII, 2002 da sxv.).<br />

m e r a b r o b a q i Z e<br />

`afxazi<br />

afxazi~ da `afxazebi<br />

afxazebi~ somxur wKaroebSi<br />

1. somxuri istoriuli wKaroebi Seicaven friad mniSvnelovan<br />

cnobebs `afxazeTisa~ da `afxazTa~ Sesaxeb. VII s-is somxur<br />

`geografiaSi~ afxazTa sacxovrisi lokalizebulia mdinare<br />

bzifsa da kodors Soris. amave wKaros cnobiT, es aris<br />

`avazTa~ qveKana, romlis CrdiloeTiT cxovroben svanebi, xolo<br />

samxreTiT megrelebi.<br />

2. VIII s-is bolodan, somxuri wKaroebis mixedviT, xdeba<br />

afxazTa samTavros Zalauflebis gavrcoba da mTeli dasavleTi<br />

saqarTvelo moxsenebulia afxazeTad, amasTan paralelurad es<br />

samefo wodebulia samegrelod.<br />

3. friad sainteresoa X s-is somexi istorikosis<br />

asoGikis cnoba, romelic afxazebs moixseniebs kavkasiis iqiTa<br />

mxaris (imierkavkasiis xalxad).<br />

4. XI-XII saukuneebis somexi istorikosebi `afxazTa~ da<br />

`afxazeTis~ saxelwodebas avrcoben mTeli saqarTvelos teritoriaze<br />

_ `afxazi~ maTTvis qarTvelia, `afxazeTi~ ki _ saqarTvelo.<br />

6 rogorc cnobilia, arc erTi wesi ar aris ugamonakliso (ara aqvs<br />

arsebiTi mniSvneloba maT ricxovnobas).<br />

bunebrivia isic, rom miGebuli principi Semdgom daxvewas da dazustebas<br />

sayiroebdes.<br />

aqve unda davZinoT: rig enaSi arsebuli wesi zmnur saleqsikono<br />

erTeulad awmKos pirveli piris mx. ricxvis formebis gamotanisa (Sdr.<br />

berZnuli enis zogi leqsikoni), an _ aoristis mesame pirisa (Sdr. arabuli<br />

enis leqsikonebi), vfiqrobT, ver moaxdens gavlenas am da Cven zog sxva<br />

statiaSi warmodgenili analizis Sedegebze (gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom<br />

zemoT xsenebul gamonaklisebs specialistebi aGniSnul enaTaTvis damaxasia-<br />

Tebeli specifikuri viTarebiT xsnian).<br />

62<br />

l a t a v r a s a n i k i Z e<br />

brune<br />

neba<br />

baTa Ziri<br />

riTa<br />

Tadi tipe<br />

pebis Seda<br />

dare<br />

rebi<br />

biTi anali<br />

lizi<br />

naxur da daGestnur enebSi<br />

1. daGestnur enebSi ZiriTadad dasturdeba brunebis sami<br />

tipi: I tipis (`difuzuri~) bruneba _ ergativs, naTesaobiTsa<br />

da moqmedebiTs saerTo forma aqvs (g. Tofuria), mag.,<br />

sax. hivC `vaSli~, erg./naT. hivC-ul, mic. hivC-un); II tipis (orfuZiani)<br />

bruneba _ saxelobiTisagan gansxvavebuli meore sa-<br />

63

unebeli fuZea Zveli ergativi (mag., lezg. sax. vaw `mdinare~,<br />

erg. vaw-u, naT. v a w - u - n, mic. v a w - u - z) an Zveli naTesaobiTi<br />

brunva (mag., ud. sax. faSna `gogra~, naT. faSn-in<br />

in, erg.<br />

f a S n - i n -en, mic. f a S n - i n -ax). ergativsa da naTesaobiTze<br />

damKarebuli orfuZiani brunebis meore sabrunebeli fuZe<br />

formiT, Cveulebriv, Sesabamisad daGestnur enaTa axlandel<br />

ergativs an naTesaobiTs emTxveva; III tipis (agreTve orfuZiani)<br />

bruneba: meore sabrunebeli fuZe `CanarTiania~ (mag. xunZ. sax.<br />

wer `Kinuli~, erg. wer-da<br />

da-ca, naT. wer-da<br />

da-l, mic. wer-da<br />

da-e).<br />

istoriulad `CanarTi~ sxvadasxva (paleoergativis afiqsi, determinanti,<br />

fuZis kuTvnileba) warmoSobisaa.<br />

2. brunebis egeve ZiriTadi tipebi gamoiKofa naxur eneb-<br />

Si, sadac ramdenadme gansxvavebuli viTareba gvaqvs:<br />

`di<br />

difu<br />

fuzu<br />

zuri<br />

ri~ bruneba SeiniSneba CaCnur-inguSurSi. aq<br />

`difuzuri~ da orfuZiani bruneba erTroulad iCens Tavs er-<br />

Ti paradigmis farglebSic (mag., ing. sax. isxali `maudi~, naT.<br />

isxal<br />

xal-e<br />

e, mic. i s x a l - e -nna, erg. i s x a l - e, Sdr. isxal-<br />

e-l, gamsyv. i s x a l - e -x).<br />

e- afiqsiani forma instrumentalisis funqciiTac aris<br />

gamovlenili CaCn. enis Saroul dialeqtSi.<br />

naklebad sarwmuno Cans, e- afiqsian brunvaTa formebSi<br />

saTanado brunvis (ergativi, moqmedebiTi, naTesaobiTi) forma-<br />

Ta daboloebebSi fonetikuri cvlilebebis SedegTan gvqondes<br />

saqme, Tumca aseTi SesaZleblobac gamoricxuli ar aris.<br />

erga<br />

gati<br />

tivis<br />

forma (a- sufiqsiani) romelic orfu<br />

fuZi<br />

Zian<br />

brune<br />

neba<br />

baSi<br />

meore sabrunebel fuZes warmoadgens, ucxoa Tanamedrove<br />

bacburi enisaTvis. igi CaCnur-inguSurSi gvxvdeba sakuTar<br />

arsebiT saxelebTan, sazogado arsebiT saxelebSi misi<br />

gavrcelebis are SezGudulia (mag., CaCn. sax. sTag `kaci~, erg.<br />

sTag-a, mic. sTag-a-na).<br />

meore sabrunebeli fuZe naTe<br />

Tesa<br />

saobiT<br />

biTze<br />

damKarebuli brunebidan<br />

Tanamedrove naxuri enebis naTesaobiTis formisagan<br />

gansxvavebulia (mag. bacb. sax. nan `deda~, naT. nan-e¹ < nan-en<br />

en,<br />

erg. nan-as, mic. n a n - e - n, moqm. n a n - e -v).<br />

64<br />

3. daGestnur enebs erga<br />

gativ<br />

tivsa<br />

da naTe<br />

Tesa<br />

saobiT<br />

biTze<br />

damKarebuli<br />

orfuZiani brunebis ufro arqauli saxe SemounaxavT,<br />

`di<br />

difu<br />

fuzu<br />

zuri<br />

risa<br />

sa~, savaraudoa _ naxurs.<br />

4. brunebis ZiriTadi tipebis erTgvarobac naxur da<br />

daGestnur enebSi mowmobs, rom rogorc varaudobs zogi<br />

mkvlevari, naxuri da daGestnuri enebi iberiul-kavkasiur ena-<br />

Ta erT Jgufs unda warmoadgendnen.<br />

m e d e a s a G l i a n i<br />

qarTve<br />

Tvelu<br />

luri etimo<br />

molo<br />

logi<br />

giebi<br />

ÌÏáÓÄÍÄÁÀÛÉ ßÀÒÌÏÃÂÄÍÉËÉ ÉØÍÄÁÀ ÒÀÌÃÄÍÉÌÄ ÀáÀËÉ ÓÀÄÒÈÏ-<br />

ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ÞÉÒÉÓ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖË-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÀÍÀËÉÆÉ:<br />

1. ØÀÒÈ. (áÄÅÓ., ÉÌÄÒ., Æ. ÀàÀÒ.) ÓÀ-ÒÄÊ-ÄË-À `áÉÓ ÐÀÔÀÒÀ ÈÀÅ-<br />

ÊÏÌÁËÉÓ ×ÏÒÌÉÓ ÐÀËÏ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÄÒÈÉ ÍÀÐÉÒÉÈ ÃÏËÀÁÆÄ ÃÄÅÓ, áÏ-<br />

ËÏ ÌÄÏÒÄÈÉ ÍÀàËÉÊÀÓÈÀÍ ÀÒÉÓ ÛÄÄÒÈÄÁÖËÉ...", (ÉÌÄÒ.) ÓÀ-ÒÀÊ-ÖÍ-<br />

Ä/ÓÀ-ÒÄÊ-ÖË-Ä, (ÂÖÒ.) ÓÀ-ÒÀÊ-ÖÍ-À/Ä, -É; ÛÃÒ. ÞÅ. ØÀÒÈ. ä-ÒÄÊ-Ó<br />

`ÓÝÄÌÓ; ÀÊÀÊÖÍÄÁÓ", ÒÄÊ-À/ÒÄÊ-ÄÁ-À `ÝÄÌÀ; ÊÀÊÖÍÉ" : ËÀÆ. Ï-ÒÀÊ-ÀË-ÏÍ-<br />

É `ÓÀÒÄÊÄËÀ", Ï-ÒÀÊ-ÀË-Ö `ÒÄÊÀ" (Â. ÊËÉÌÏÅÉ) : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁÆ.) ËÀ-ÒÚ-ðÍ,<br />

(ÁØ.) ËÀ-ÒÚ-ÉÍ `ÓÀÒÄÊÄËÀ"; ÛÃÒ. ÁØ. ËÉ-ÒÚ-É/ËÉ-ÒÚ-ÉÍ-Ä `ÃÀÒÔÚÌÀ",<br />

ËÀ-á-ÒÄÚ `ÌÉÀÒÔÚÀ".<br />

Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÒÄÚ- `ÝÄÌÀ, ÌÉÒÔÚÌÀ; ÊÀÊÖÍÉ"; ØÀÒÈ. ÒÄÊ- ← ÒÄÚ- :<br />

ËÀÆ. ÒÀÊ- ← *ÒÀÚ- ← *ÒÄÚ- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÒÚ-/ÒÄÚ- ← *ÒÄÚ-.<br />

ÀÖÓËÀÖÔÖÒÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀ ØÀÒÈ. Ê : ÆÀÍ. (ËÀÆ.) Ê : ÓÅÀÍ. Ú ÀÉá-<br />

ÓÍÄÁÀ ÒÏÂÏÒÝ Ú → Ê ÂÀÃÀÁÂÄÒÄÁÀ ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ (ÛÃÒ. ØÀÒÈ. ÒÄÊ- `ÂÀ-<br />

ÒÄÊÅÀ" : ÆÀÍ. ÒÀè- ← ÒÀÚ- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÒÄÚ-, ØÀÒÈ. ÊÀË- `ÊÅËÀ" : ÆÀÍ.<br />

ÚæÉË- ← ÚÖË-, ØÀÒÈ. ÊÖÍÔ- ← ÚÖÍÔ- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÚÖÍÔ- (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ)).<br />

ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÉ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÀÃ ÉÂÉÅÄÏÁÒÉÅÉÀ.<br />

2. ØÀÒÈ. ÊÏÌÁÀË-É `ÈÀÅÉÀÍÉ ãÏáÉ" : ÆÀÍ. (ËÀÆ.) ÊÏÐÀË-É `ÈÀ-<br />

ÅÉÀÍÉ ãÏáÉ" (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ) : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁØ.) ÚæÀËðÍ{Â} `ÊÏÌÁÀËÉ", (ËáÌ.)<br />

ÚæÀÒðÍ{Â} `ÃÉÃÈÀÅÀ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉ", ÛÃÒ. (ÁØ.) ÚæÀÌÁÀË-ð `ÃÉÃÈÀÅÀ".<br />

ÛÃÒ. ÁØ. ËÉ-ÚæÄÍÂ-Ä `ãÏáÉÈ ÝÄÌÀ, ÌÉÁÄÂÅÀ", ÜÏË. ÚæêÍÂ-É `ÂÀÃÀáÒÉ-<br />

ËÉ ÌÀÙÀËÉ áÄ".<br />

65

Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÚÏÌÁÀË- `ÈÀÅÉÀÍÉ ãÏáÉ"; ØÀÒÈ. ÊÏÌÁÀË- : àÀÍ. ÊÏ-<br />

ÐÀË- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÚæÀËðÍ{Â}/ÚæÀÒðÍ{Â} ← *ÚæÀËÁðË ← *ÚæÀÌÁðË ←<br />

*ÚÏÌÁðË ← *ÊÏÌÁðË ← ÊÏÌÁÀË-É.<br />

ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ×ÏÒÌÀÈÀ ÀÖÓËÀÖÔÉÓÄÖËÉ Â ÂÀÍÅÉÈÀÒÄÁÖËÉ ÜÀÍÓ,<br />

ÀÌÀÓÈÀÍÀÅÄ ÀÖÓËÀÖÔÛÉÅÄ æ ÀËÏ×ÏÍÉ ÈÉÈØÏÓ ÉÓÌÉÓ. ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ Ú/Ê<br />

ÌÏÍÀÝÅËÄÏÁÀÓ, ÉÂÉ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ÄÍÄÁÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÃÀÌÀáÀÓÉÀÈÄÁÄËÉ ÄÒÈ-<br />

ÄÒÈÉ ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÉÀ.<br />

ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖË-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÉÃÄÍÔÖÒÏÁÀ ÄàÅÓ ÀÒ ÉßÅÄÅÓ.<br />

3. ØÀÒÈ. ßÄÒÏ : ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ.) àÀÒÏ `×ÒÉÍÅÄËÉ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ØÏÒ-<br />

ÓÀ äÂÀÅÓ, ÈÄÅÆÓ ÀÌÏÉÔÀÝÄÁÓ ßÚËÉÈ ÃÀ ÓàÀÌÓ (ÓÀÁÀ)" (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ) : ÓÅÀÍ.<br />

(ÁÆ.) àôÒ, (ÁØ.) àæÄÒ|àÄÒ, (ËÍÔ.) àæÄÒ `ÚÅÀÅÉ". ØÀÒÈÖË-ÆÀÍÖÒÛÉ<br />

Ï-Ó ÓÖ×ÉØÓÀà ÂÀÌÏÚÏ×ÀÓ áÄËÓ ÖÛËÉÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ ÂÀÌÏÅËÄÍÉËÉ ×ÏÒÌÀ.<br />

Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ßÄÒÏ `ßÄÒÏ"; ØÀÒÈ. ßÄÒÏ : ÆÀÍ. àÀÒÏ : ÓÅÀÍ.<br />

àôÒ|àæÄÒ|àÄÒ ← *àÄÒæ.<br />

ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ (ÁÆ.) ßóæÒ, (ÁØ.) ßðæÒ, (ËÍÔ.) ßÄÒÏ ËÄØ-<br />

ÓÄÌÀÓ, ÉÂÉ ØÀÒÈÖËÉÃÀÍÀÀ ÍÀÓÄÓáÄÁÉ (Ì. ØÀËÃÀÍÉ).<br />

ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÓáÅÀÏÁÀ ÀÓÀáÓÍÄËÉÀ.<br />

4. ØÀÒÈ. (ÂÖÒ.) ÁÀÒ-ÁÀË-É `ÝÄÝáËÉÓ ÀËÉÓ ÁÒÉÀËÉ, ÐÒÉÀËÉ",<br />

À-ÁÀÒ-ÁÀË-ÄÁ-À `ÀÐÒÉÀËÄÁÀ" : ÆÀÍ. ÁÀÒ-ÁÀË-É `ÝÄÝáËÉÓ ÀËÉÓ ÌÏÞÒÀ-<br />

ÏÁÀ ÃÀ áÌÀÖÒÉ, _ ÁÒÉÀËÉ, ÂÉÆÂÉÆÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ËÉ-ÁéÒ-ÁéÍ-É|ÁéÒ-ÁéÍ<br />

`ÝÄÝáËÉÓ ÀÂÖÆÂÖÆÄÁÀ, ÀÐÒÉÀËÄÁÀ; áÌÀÖÒÉ". ÛÃÒ. ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ.) ÁÀÒ-<br />

ÁÀÜ-É|ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÍÜ-É|ÁÏÒ-ÁÏÜ-É|ÁÏÒ-ÁÏÍÜ-É `ÁÖÒÁÖÒÉ, ÂÉÆÂÉÆÉ, ÁÒÉ-<br />

ÀËÉ" ÃÀ ÀÂÒÄÈÅÄ Ò. ÀÁÀÛÉÀÓ ÌÉÄÒ ÂÀÌÏÅËÄÍÉËÉ ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ.) ÁÏÒ-<br />

ÁÏÍã-É `ÂÉÆÂÉÆÉ, ÁÒÉÀËÉ".<br />

Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÒ- `ÝÄÝáËÉÓ ÁÒÉÀËÉ, ÐÒÉÀËÉ, áÌÀÖÒÉ";<br />

ØÀÒÈ. ÁÀÒ-ÁÀË- ← *ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÒ- : ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ.) ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÜ-|ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÍÜ-|ÁÏÒ-<br />

ÁÏÜ-|ÁÏÒ-ÁÏÍÜ-|ÁÏÒ-ÁÏÍã- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÁéÒ-ÁéÍ- ← *ÁÀÒ-ÁÀÒ-.<br />

ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÜÀÍÓ, ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÉ ÌÉÙÄÁÖËÉÀ ÒÄÃÖÐËÉÊÀ-<br />

ÝÉÉÓ ÂÆÉÈ.<br />

ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÉÓ ÌáÒÉÅ ØÀÒÈÖËÉ ÃÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÉ ÉÃÄÍÔÖ-<br />

ÒÉÀ.<br />

5. ØÀÒÈ. ÌÄ-ÊÏÁÒ-Ä `ÆÙÅÉÓ ÚÀÜÀÙÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁØ.) ÊæÄÌÁÒ-ð<br />

`ØÖÒÃÁÀÝÀÝÀ; ÚÀÜÀÙÉ", (ÝáÖÌ.) ÊæÄÌÁÒÎðÖ `ÂÀÃÀÔ. _ ÀÌÞÖÅÍÄÁÖËÉ<br />

ÙÏÒÄÁÉ".<br />

Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÊÏÁÒ- `ÚÀÜÀÙÉ"; ØÀÒÈ. ÌÄ-ÊÏÁÒ-Ä : ÓÅÀÍ. ÊæÄÌÁÒ- ←<br />

*ÊæÄÁÒ- ← *ÊÏÁÒ- ← ÌÄ-ÊÏÁÒ-Ä. Ì ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÃÀÍÀÈÉÀ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ.<br />

ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖËÀÃÀÝ ÃÀ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÀÃÀÝ ØÀÒÈÖË ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ-×Ö-<br />

66<br />

ÞÄÄÁÉ ÓÒÖË ÉÃÄÍÔÖÒÏÁÀÓ ÀÌÑÙÀÅÍÄÁÄÍ. ÓÀÊÅËÄÅÉÀ ÆÀÍÖÒÉ ÛÄÓÀÔÚÅÉÓÉ.<br />

6. ØÀÒÈ. (ÌÏá.) ÝÄÂ-ÖÀ-Î `ÁÆÒÉÀËÀ" : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁØ.) Ýé `ßÉÓØÅÉ-<br />

ËÉÓ ÁÏÒÁËÉÓ ÒÊÉÍÉÓ ßÅÄÔÉÀÍÉ ×ÄáÉ, ÒÏÌËÉÈÀÝ ÁÏÒÁÀËÉ ÊÉÁÏÒÜáÀ-<br />

ËÀÆÄ ÔÒÉÀËÄÁÓ".<br />

Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÝÄÂ- `ÁÆÒÉÀËÀ, ÓÀÔÒÉÀËÄÁÄËÉ" → ØÀÒÈ. ÝÄÂ-ÖÀ-Î<br />

: ÓÅÀÍ. Ýé ← *ÝÄÂ-.<br />

ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀËÉ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÄÁÛÉ Ô Ò É À Ë É Ó À ÖÍÃÀ<br />

ÚÏ×ÉËÉÚÏ.<br />

Å. ÀÁÀÄÅÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ Ýé ÏÓÖÒ-ÀËÀÍÖÒÉÃÀÍ ÛÄÈÅÉÓÄÁÖËÀà ÌÉÀÜ-<br />

ÍÉÀ (ÛÃÒ. ÏÓ. cæg `ÒÊÀËÉ, ÒÂÏËÉ, ÌÀÒÚÖÑÉ").<br />

7. ØÀÒÈ. (ØÉÆÉÚ.) ßÏßÏØ-É, (Æ. ÀàÀÒ.) ßÏßÏØ-À-Î `ÔÚÄÌËÉÓ ÛÄàÀÌÀÃÉ,<br />

ÌßÅÀÍÉÈ ÛÄÆÀÅÄÁÖËÉ, àÒÉÀÍÔÄËÉ, ÝÉÅÀà ÉáÅÒÉÐÄÁÀ ÆÀ×áÖË-<br />

ÛÉ, ÂÒÉËÉÀ" : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁØ.) àÏàÏØ-ð, (ÜÏË.) àÏàÏØ-À-Î `ÂÀÃÀÌÑÀÅÄÁÖËÉ<br />

(ÌÀßÏÍÉ, ÍÀÙÄÁÉ...)".<br />

Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ßÏßÏØ- `ÌÑÀÅÄ"; ØÀÒÈ. ßÏßÏØ-É : ÓÅÀÍ. àÏàÏØ-.<br />

ÀÌÏÓÀÅÀËÉ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÁÀ ÉÓÔÏÒÉÖËÀÃ ØÀÒÈÖË-ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄ-<br />

ÄÁÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ ÓßÏÒÄÃ Ó É Ì Ñ À Å É Ó À ÖÍÃÀ ÚÏ×ÉËÉÚÏ.<br />

8. ØÀÒÈ. ÈÀÅÈÀ `ÈáÄËÉ ÍÀØÓÏÅÉÀ" (ÓÀÁÀ), (ØÉÆÉÚ.) ÈÀÅÈÀ `ÀÁÒÄ-<br />

ÛÖÌÉÓ ÈáÄËÉ ØÓÏÅÉËÉ", ÛÃÒ. ÉÍÂ. ÈÀ×ÔÀ-Î `ÈÀÅÈÀ, ÀÁÒÄÛÖÌÉÓ ØÓÏ-<br />

ÅÉËÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ÈæÀËÈ `ÌÀÒËÀ; ÈáÄËÉ ÍÀØÓÏÅÉ".<br />

Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÈÀæÈÀ; ØÀÒÈ. ÈÀÅÈÀ : ÓÅÀÍ. ÈæÀËÈ ← *ÈæÀÈ ←<br />

*ÈÀæÈ ← ÈÀÅÈÀ.<br />

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉ ×ÖÞÄ ÌÄÔÀÈÄÆÉÒÄÁÖËÉ ÓÀáÄÏÁÀÀ ÉÓÔÏÒÉÖËÉ<br />

*ÈÀæÈÀ ÀÒØÄÔÉÐÉÓÀ. Ë, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ×ÖÞÄÛÉ ÉÜÄÍÓ ÈÀÅÓ, ×ÏÍÄ-<br />

ÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÃÀÍÀÒÈÉÀ.<br />

ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÉÓ ÌáÒÉÅÀÝ ÓÒÖË ÉÃÄÍÔÖÒÏÁÀÓÈÀÍ ÂÅÀØÅÓ ÓÀØÌÄ.<br />

9. ØÀÒÈ. (ÂÖÒ.) ÌÏ-ÔÏË-Å-À ÞÀ×ÉÓÀ `ÞÀ×ÉÓ ÏÒ×Àà ÀáÅÄÅÀ, ÓÀ-<br />

ÍÀÌ ÛÄÉÂÒÉáÄÁÏÃÄÓ" : ÓÅÀÍ. (ÁÆ.) ËÉ-Í-Ô-É/ËÉ-Í-ÔæË-É, (ÁØ.) ËÉ-Í-<br />

ÔæË-É `ÈÏÊÉÓ, ÞÀ×ÉÓ ÀÊÄÝÅÀ (ÃÀáÅÄÅÀ)".<br />

Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÔÏË- `ÀÊÄÝÅÀ, ÃÀáÅÄÅÀ"; ØÀÒÈ. ÌÏ-ÔÏË-Å-À : ÓÅÀÍ.<br />

Ô-/ÔæË- ← *ÔÏË.<br />

ÁÀËÓÆÄÌÏÖÒÛÉ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÉ ÊÉÃÄÅ Ö×ÒÏ ÛÏÒÓ ßÀÓÖËÀ ÃÀ ÂÀÌÀÒ-<br />

ÔÉÅÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÃÄÂÀà ×ÖÞÄ ÝÀË ÈÀÍáÌÏÅÍÀÌÃÄ ÃÀÓÖËÀ (-Ô-). ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ<br />

ÂÀÌÏÅËÄÍÉËÉ Í ×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÃÀÍÀÒÈÉÀ.<br />

ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀ ÓÀÅÓÄÁÉÈ ÊÀÍÏÍÆÏÌÉÄÒÉÀ.<br />

10. ØÀÒÈ. (ÉÌÄÒ.) àÉÊÏÒ-É `ÓÀËÀÏÁÀÛÉ ÌÒÂÅÀËÉ ÒÉÚÉÓ ØÅÀÀ,<br />

ÒÏÌÄËÓÀÝ 5-6 ÌÄÔÒÉÃÀÍ ÄÓÒÏÃÍÄÍ ÁÒÔÚÄË ÒÉÚÉÓ ØÅÀÓ, ÓÀÍÉÛÍÏ<br />

67

ÉÚÏ" : ÓÅÀÍ. (ËáÌ.) ßÉÍÀÊÖ `ØÅÀ".<br />

Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *àÉÊÏÒ- `ØÅÀ" → ØÀÒÈ. àÉÊÏÒ-É : ÓÅÀÍ. ßÉÍÀÊÖ ←<br />

*ßÉÍÊÖ ← *ßÉÊÖÍ ← *àÉÊÖÍ ← *àÉÊÖÒ ← *àÉÊÏÒ- ← *àÉÊÏÒ-É ÀÍ<br />

ßÉÍÀÊÖ ← *ßÉÍÀÊæÄ- ← *ßÉÍÊæÄ- ← *ßÉÊæÄÍ- ← *ßÉÊæÄÒ- ←<br />

*àÉÊæÄÒ- ← *àÉÊÏÒ-É.<br />

ÚÖÒÀÃÙÄÁÀÓ ÉØÝÄÅÓ ÓÅÀÍÖÒÛÉ Ò/Í ÌÏÍÀÝÅËÄÏÁÀ ÃÀ Í-Ó ÌÄÔÀÈÄÆÉÓÉ.<br />

ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÄÌÀÈÀ ÉÃÄÍÔÖÒÏÁÀ ÍÀÈËÀÃ ÜÀÍÓ.<br />

11. ØÀÒÈ. ßÖÒ-ßÖÒ-, ÌÏ-ßÖÒ-ßÖÒ-ÄÁ-Ó (Ï×ËÉ, ÓÉÓáËÉ...),<br />

ßÖÒ-ßÖÒ-ÉÈ ÓÃÉÓ, ßÖÒ-ßÖÒ-É : ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ.) àÖÒ-àÖË-, àÖÒ-àÖË-É<br />

`ßÖÒ-ßÖÒÉ", Ì-À-àÖÒ-àÖË-Ö(Í)|Ì-À-àÅÀÒ-àÅÀË-Ö(Í) `ßÖÒßÖÒÉÈ ÜÀ-<br />

ÌÏÓÃÉÓ (Ï×ËÉ, ßÚÀËÉ, ÝÒÄÌËÉ...)" : ÓÅÀÍ. ßæÒ-, á-Ï-ßæÒ-Ä `ÖÃÄÍÓ,<br />

ÀÃÄÍÓ (Ï×ËÓ, ÝÒÄÌËÓ...), ÌÄ-ßæÒ-Ä `ÌÃÄÍÉ, ÈáÄÅÀÃÉ" (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ),<br />

ÛÃÒ. (ËÄÜá. ← ÓÅÀÍ.) àÅÄÒ-Å-À `ÑÏÍÀ, ÃÄÍÀ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ËÉ-ßæÒ-Ä `ÑÏÍÀ,<br />

ÃÄÍÀ", ÍÀ-ßÖÒ `ÂÀÍÀÑÏÍÉ, ÂÀÌÏÍÀÃÄÍÉ", ÌÖ-ßæÉÒ `ÂÀáÅÒÄÔÉËÉ, ÓÀÉÃÀ-<br />

ÍÀÝ ÓÉÈáÄ ÑÏÍÀÅÓ...".<br />

ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ×ÖÞÄÈÀ ÂÄÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÄÒÈÉÀÍÏÁÀ ÝÍÏÁÉËÉÀ (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ).<br />

ËÄÜáÖÌÖÒÉ àÅÄÒ-Å-À `ÑÏÍÀ, ÃÄÍÀ" ËÄØÓÄÌÀÝ ÀÃÅÉËÀà ÃÀÖÊÀÅ-<br />

ÛÉÒÃÄÁÀ ÓáÅÀ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÓ.<br />

Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ßÖÒ-`ÑÏÍÀ, ÃÄÍÀ"; ØÀÒÈ. ßÖÒ-ßÖÒ : ÆÀÍ. àÅÀÒàÅÀË-|àÖÒ-àÖË-:<br />

ÓÅÀÍ. ← ßæÒ-/àÅÄÒ-.<br />

ÓÀÄÒÈÏØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ *ßÖÒ-×ÖÞÄÓ Ã Ä Í É Ó, Ñ Ï Í É Ó ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ<br />

ÖÍÃÀ äØÏÍÏÃÀ.<br />

12. ÞÅ. ØÀÒÈ. ÂÒÖÆ-É/ÂÒÏÆ-É `áÛÉÒÉ", Àá. ØÀÒÈ. ÂÒÖÆÀ `áÛÉÒÉ<br />

ÃÀ áÖàÖàÉ (ÈÌÀ)", (ÈÖÛ.) ÂÒÖÆ-Àè-É `áÖàÖàÈÌÉÀÍÉ", (ÈÖÛ.) ÂÅÒÄÆÀ-<br />

Î `ÃÀáÖàÖàÄÁÀ", ÃÀ-ÂÅÒÄÆ-ÉË-É `áÛÉÒÉ ÈÌÀ"; ÛÃÒ. (ØÉÆÉÚ.) ÂÖÒã-ÀË-<br />

É `ÂÀÃÀáÅÄÖËÉ ÌÀÔÚËÉ ÀÍ ÁÀÌÁÀ ÀÍ ÁÖÌÁÖËÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ÂæÉÒ{É}Æ `ÂÒÀÂ-<br />

ÍÉËÉ, áÅÄÖËÀ", ËÉ-ÂæÒÉÆ-É `ÃÀÂÒÀÂÍÀ, ÃÀáÅÄÅÀ", ËÄ-ÂæÒÉÆ-É `ÃÀ-<br />

ÓÀÂÒÀÂÍÉ, ÃÀÓÀáÅÄÅÉ".<br />

Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÂÒÖÆ- `ÂÒÀÂÍÀ, áÅÄÅÀ, ÃÀáÖàÖàÄÁÀ"; ØÀÒÈ. ÂÒÖÆÀ :<br />

ÓÅÀÍ. *ÂæÉÒ{É}Æ/ÂæÒÉÆ- ← *ÂÖÒÆ- ← *ÂÒÖÆ-.<br />

ØÀÒÈÖË-ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÓ ÀÄÒÈÉÀÍÄÁÓ Ã À Â Ò À Â Í É Ó, Ã À á Å<br />

Ä Å É Ó, à À á Ö à Ö à Ä Á É Ó ÓÀÄÒÈÏ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ. ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÂÀÃÀßÄÅÀ<br />

ÌÉÍÉÌÀËÖÒÉÀ.<br />

13. ÆÀÍ. (ÌÄÂÒ). ÜÏÒÏÌÀ `ÃÉÃÉ ÌÏÝÖËÏÁÉÓ (ÅÄÄÁÄÒÈÄËÀ) ÓÀ-<br />

ÓÌÉÓÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ÜÀÒðÍ-É `ÃÉÃÉ ÌÏÝÖËÏÁÉÓ àÖÒàÄËÉ", ÛÃÒ. ØÀÒÈ. ÜÀ-<br />

ÒÀ `ÊÀÈáÀÓÀÅÉÈ ÓÀÓÌÉÓÉÀ ÚÖÒÉÀÍÉ" (ÓÀÁÀ).<br />

Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÜÀÒÀÍ- → ÌÄÂÒ. ÜÏÒÏÌ-À ← *ÜÏÒÏÍ- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÜÀÒðÍ-É<br />

68<br />

← *ÜÀÒÀÍ-.<br />

ØÀÒÈÖËÛÉ ÌÏÓÀËÏÃÍÄËÉ ÉÚÏ *ÝÀÒÀÍ- ×ÏÒÌÀ.<br />

áÌÏÅÀÍÈÛÄÓÀÔÚÅÉÓÏÁÀ ÏÒÉÅÄ ØÀÒÈÅÄËÖÒ ÄÍÀÛÉ ÃÀÝÖËÉÀ, áÏ-<br />

ËÏ ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ ÆÀÍÖÒÉ ×ÏÒÌÉÓ ÀÖÓËÀÖÔÛÉ ÂÀÌÏÅËÄÍÉË Ì-Ó, ÉÂÉ Í-Ó<br />

×ÏÍÄÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÅÀÒÉÀÍÔÉÀ.<br />

ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖË-ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÖÒÉ ÌÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀ ÊÀÍÏÍÆÏÌÉÄÒÉÀ.<br />

14. ØÀÒÈ. ÓáÅÉÒÐ-Ë-|ÓáÕÒÐ-Ë-, ÓáÕÒÐ-Ë-Å-À `ÔÀÍÈ ÌÖßÖÊÈ<br />

ÓáÌÀ” (ÓÀÁÀ), ØÉÆÉÚ. ÓáÒÖÐ-ÄË-É `ÙÖÃÖÃÉ, ÐÀÔÀÒÀ ÌÖßÖÊÉ" : ÆÀÍ.<br />

ÜáÖÐ-ÖÒ-É `ÌÖßÖÊÉ", Ï-ÜáÖÐ-ÖÒ-Ö|ÜáÖÐ-ÖÒ-Ö-À `ÔÀÍÆÄ ÌÖßÖÊÄÁÉÓ<br />

ÂÀÌÏÚÒÀ", ÜáÖÐ-ÖÒ-ÄË-É `ÃÀßÄÒÔÉËÉ, ÂÀÌÏÚÒÉËÉ" (Ì. ÜÖáÖÀ) : ÓÅÀÍ.<br />

ÛáÀÒÐ-{À}Ë-ð|ÛáÀÒÐ-ÀÔ-ð `àÒÄËÉ ØÓÏÅÉËÉ, ÓÀØÏÍÄËÉ".<br />

Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÝáæÉ<br />

æÉÒÐ-(ÀË-)|*ÝáÖÒÐ-(ÀË-) `ÌÖßÖÊÉ, ÌÖßÖÊÈ ÂÀÌÏ-<br />

ÚÒÀ; àÒÄËÉ" → ØÀÒÈ. ÓáÕÒÐË-|ÓáÅÉÒÐ-Ë-, ÓáÒÖÐ-ÄË-É : ÆÀÍ. ÜáÖÐ-<br />

ÖÒ-É, ÜáÖÐ-ÖÒ- : ÓÅÀÍ. ÛáÀÒÐ- ← *ÜáæÀÒÐ-.<br />

ÓÅÀÍÖÒÉÓ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ ÃÉÃÀà ÀÒ ÓáÅÀÏÁÓ ØÀÒÈÖË-ÆÀÍÖÒÉÓÀÂÀÍ.<br />

15. ØÀÒÈ. (ØÀÒÈË.) ÚÖÒÖÈ-É `ÂÀÌáÌÀÒÉ ÃÏÓ ÂÖÍÃÀ". ÛÃÒ.<br />

(ÒÀà.) ãÖÒÔ-É `ÌÀßÅÍÉÓ ÌÓÂÀÅÓÉ ÛÄàÀÌÀÃÉ" ÃÀ ÍÀáÖÒÉ ÄÍÄÁÉÃÀÍ ÍÀÓÄÓáÄÁÉ<br />

(áÄÅÓ., ×Û., ÌÈÉÖË., ÂÖÃÀ.-ÌÀÚÒ., ÈÖÛ., ÂÀÒÄÊÀá.) ÊÀËÔ-É `áÀàÏ,<br />

áÀàÏÓ ÊÅÄÒÉ; ÍÀÃÖÙÉ" : ÓÅÀÍ. ÚÖÒðÛà `áÀàÏ; ÍÀÃÖÙÉ".<br />

Ó.-ØÀÒÈÅ. *ÚÖÒÖÈ- `ÂÀÌáÌÀÒÉ ÃÏÓ ÂÖÍÃÀ; áÀàÏ, ÍÀÃÖÙÉ";<br />

ØÀÒÈ. ÚÖÒÖÈ-É : ÓÅÀÍ. ÚÖÒðÛà ← *ÚÖÒÄÛÃ- ← *ÚÖÒæÄÛÃ- ← *ÚÖÒÖÈ-.<br />

ØÀÒÈÖË-ÓÅÀÍÖÒ ×ÖÞÄÄÁÓ ÀÄÒÈÉÀÍÄÁÓ á À à Ï Ó, Í À Ã Ö Ù É Ó,<br />

Ã Ï Ó ÓÀÄÒÈÏ ÓÄÌÀÍÔÉÊÀ.<br />

n a r g i z a s u r m a v a<br />

xmova<br />

vani Cana<br />

nawe<br />

weris transkrif<br />

skrifcia qarTul<br />

dialeq<br />

leqtur korpus<br />

pusSi<br />

1. dialeqturi korpusis momzadebis procesSi mniSvnelovan<br />

etaps warmoadgens saTanado Camweri aparaturis gamoKenebiT<br />

masalebis velze mopoveba, maTi audio da video failebad<br />

qceva da maTTvis Sesabamisi werilobiTi formis micema anu dialeqturi<br />

teqstebis krebulis eleqtronuli versiis Seqmna.<br />

69

2. cnobilia, rom samwerlobo enisagan gansxvavebiT, dialeqturi<br />

diskursi warmoadgens kvantebis, pulsaciebisa da biZgebis<br />

erTobliobas, ris gamoc misi segmentacia, winadadebebad,<br />

teqstad gardasaxva sakmao siZneleebTan aris dakavSirebuli.<br />

dialeqturi Canaweris gaSifrvis Sedegad viGebT teqsts,<br />

romlisTvisac Cveulebrivia: eqspresiul-emociuri konstruqciebi,<br />

elipsuri konstruqciebi, gaxleCili winadadebebi, falstartebi<br />

anu azris CamoKalibebis procesSi sastarto sitKvebze<br />

uaris Tqma, Sesabamisi sitKvis moZiebamde misi Camnacvalebeli<br />

sitKvebis (isi, imano, iseme...) gamoKeneba da a.S.<br />

martivi rodia teqstis ise miwodeba, rom advilad da<br />

sworad aGsaqmeli iKos da, imavdroulad, _ xmovani Canaweris<br />

adekvaturi, SesaZleblobis farglebSi. am mxriv mniSvnelovania<br />

teqstis sworad danawevreba abzacebad, dialogebis gamoKofa<br />

da saamisod modelis SemuSaveba, pauzebis aGniSvna. diskursebis<br />

transkrifciisas KuradGebas amaxvileben pauzis markeris<br />

SemuSavebaze, radgan zepiri metKvelebisaTvis niSandoblivia<br />

sxvadasxva grZliobis pauzebi. teqstebis unificirebisaTvis aucilebelia<br />

Cvenive SemuSavebuli wesebis Tanmimdevruli gatareba.<br />

3. audio da video Canawerebis transkrifciis SemuSavebisas<br />

gamodian korpusis anotirebis xasiaTidan. Tu korpusi<br />

strategiulad orientirebulia morfologiursa an sintaqsur<br />

aGweraze _ anotirebaze, Grma fonetikuri transkrifciuli<br />

Cawera ar xdeba. Cvens korpusSi miGebulia gamartivebuli<br />

transkrifciuli Cawera qarTuli anbanis bazaze, tradiciuli<br />

punqtuaciuri sistemis meSveobiT. risTvisac gamoKenebuli<br />

gvaqvs 38 aso-–niSani, xmovnebi _ grZliobis, umlautis, siviwrovis,<br />

maxvilis niSnebiT.<br />

4. teqstis xmovan CanawerTan dasaaxloeblad mivmarTavT<br />

prosodiul aGniSvnebs. klitikebs (enklitikebsa da proklitikebs),<br />

romelnic xSirad meordebian, aGvniSnavT saTanado niSniT<br />

À (mo…desØna, axlaØom, arØali, kØar...).<br />

xolo garkveul SemTxvevebSi intonaciis markirebisaTvis<br />

gamoviKenebT maxvils. ase magaliTad, maxviliT aGvniSnavT to-<br />

70<br />

nalobiT gamoKofil marcvals: a) CamoTvlisas, b) damokidebuli<br />

winadadebis (Tema-remuli dapirispireba) bolos, g) da nawilakis<br />

bolos, d) zogierTi tipis kiTxviT winadadebaSi.<br />

nimuSebi:<br />

`da Suqrim mo…da da miTxra: _ yo, venera meCxubeba,<br />

raØda vqnao? vuTxar: _ yo, blaKvi xar da imitom, kaci rom da-<br />

Treb¢, qals zrugi ki arØda muuSviro, xandixan gulic muuSvire,<br />

rom Segargos Seni daTroma-meTqi.~<br />

`ise, igi iKo... da Turme ase dad¢s da rom mivediT, dedaCemma<br />

lampa aanTo, hoda, ii qna, ra qvian... Turme iq ambavi<br />

CevidaØrume: _ kaciyamia xalxi Camodiso, mohKaveno.. da _ ra<br />

qnas axla? g¡ars _ Grr.. Grinavs, gamears _ Grr.. Grinavs!~<br />

5. prosodiuli aGniSvnebi zogJer asrulebs damatebiT,<br />

omonimiis moxsnis, funqcias. ase magaliTad, ayarul teqstebSi<br />

xSirad gvxvdeba da, romelic SeiZleba iKos: a) kavSiri, b) un-<br />

da zmnis nawili, razec miTiTebas vaGwevT apostrofis niSnis<br />

meSveobiT _ mo…desØda, g) nawilaki. am dros aGniSnuli nawilakis<br />

a xmovani Cveulebriv maxvilis matarebelia da amas dawerilobiT<br />

gamovxatavT amgvarad _ mo…desØdÿ!<br />

zemoayarulSi kiTxviTi nawilaki o (

m u r m a n s u x i S v i l i<br />

pirda<br />

dapi<br />

piri dama<br />

mate<br />

tebis saki<br />

kiTxi Zveli<br />

qarTul<br />

Tulis rTul zmnebSi<br />

Zveli qarTuli enis gramatikis kursSi a. SaniZe Camo-<br />

Tvlis ramdenime erTvalentian zmnas, romelTac brunvacvalebadi<br />

qvemdebare SeewKobaT (iv<br />

ivnebs<br />

k a c i _ ivno<br />

k a c m a n ,<br />

daiZi<br />

Zinebs<br />

i g i _ daiZi<br />

Zina<br />

m a n ; ixare<br />

rebs<br />

m a m a _ ixara<br />

m a -<br />

m a m a n...) da SeniSnavs: aseT zmnebs SeiZleba pirobiT naxevrad<br />

gardamavali vuwodoTo. amgvari pirobiTobis daSvebiT irGveva<br />

gardamavlobis, rogorc sintaqsuri kategoriis, gansazGvris<br />

Tanmimdevruloba, romelic CvenSi a. SaniZem daamkvidra da rac<br />

zmnur SesitKvebaSi brunvacvalebad qvemdebaresTan erTad aucileblad<br />

gulisxmobs brunvacvalebadi pirdapiri damatebis<br />

arsebobasac.<br />

amave `naxevrad gardamaval~ zmnaTa rigSi ganixileba zogi<br />

rTuli erT- da orvalentiani zmnac: naTel<br />

Tel-iGo<br />

m a n , na-<br />

Tel-sca<br />

m a n mas, Tav-uKo<br />

m a n mas... romlebic SesitKvebaSi<br />

pirdapir damatebas ar iCenen.<br />

a. SaniZis mier SemoTavazebuli koreqtivi, marTalia,<br />

arGvevs gardamavlobis sintaqsuri kategoriis gansazGvris er-<br />

TmniSvnelovnobas, magram ufro adekvaturad aGwers enis<br />

faqts: brunvacvalebadi qvemdebaris, magram pirdapiri damatebis<br />

armqone ivnebs<br />

i g i _ ivno<br />

m a n da misT. da brunvaucvlelqvemdebariani:<br />

dascxre<br />

scxrebis<br />

i g i _ dascxra<br />

i g i gardmavlobis<br />

TvalsazrisiT identuri ver iqnebian.<br />

gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom a. SaniZis mier dasaxelebuli<br />

`naxevrad gardamavali~ zmnebi da msgavsi sintaqsis zogi<br />

sxva zmnac Zvel qarTulSi pirdapir damatebasac igueben: viv-<br />

noT v n e b a igi misi (sin. 258, 32-33); daiZi<br />

Zines<br />

Z i l i maTi<br />

(fs. 75 a 6); ixara<br />

eg‚pteman g a m o s l v a maTi (fs. 104 a<br />

6)...<br />

rac Seexeba rTul zmnebs, am zmnaTa warmoeba, Semadgene-<br />

72<br />

li saxeluri da zmnuri komponentebi, maTi raoba da struqtura,<br />

uGleba, saTanado gramatikuli kategoriebi da a. S.<br />

Zvel qarTulSi sakmaod dawvrilebiTaa Seswavlili (e. babunaSvili,<br />

y. TevzaZe, i. imnaiSvili, e. osiZe, a. SaniZe, z. sarJvela-<br />

Ze, k. danelia, T. vaSakiZe...).<br />

ordinaruli rTuli zmna SeiZleba gardamavalic iKos<br />

(SesitKvebaSi pirdapir damatebas afiqsirebdes): wminda<br />

da-Ko<br />

man<br />

igi, Seuracx<br />

racx-Ko<br />

man igi... da gardauvalic: sircx‚l-uCs<br />

mas<br />

igi, ƒel-ewi<br />

ewife<br />

febis<br />

mas igi... _ rTuli zmnis saxelur komponentad<br />

warmodgenilia zedsarTavi saxeli, mimGeoba, zmnizeda, sa-<br />

Tanado rTul (gardamaval da gardauval) zmnaTa pirianoba<br />

sruladaa realizebuli.<br />

gansxvavebuli viTareba gvaqvs im SemTxvevebSi, roca<br />

rTul zmnebSi gardmavali da gardauvali zmnuri komponentebis<br />

win arsebiTi saxeli an sawKisi dgas; aseT rTul zmnebs SesitKvebaSi<br />

ZiriTadad ar uCanT pirdapiri damateba (Tu zmna<br />

gardamavalia): GaGad-Ko<br />

man, Tval-uKo<br />

man mas, naTel<br />

Tel-sca<br />

man<br />

mas, lxine<br />

neba<br />

ba-Ko<br />

man... da qvemdebare (Tu zmna gardauvalia):<br />

ƒel-ewi<br />

ewife<br />

febis<br />

mas, sircx‚l uCs mas, Zal-uc<br />

mas...<br />

gamonaklisebi, roca dasaxelebuli struqturis (arsebi-<br />

Ti sax; / sawKisi + zmna) rTul zmnebs (gardamavals Tu gardauvals)<br />

naklulTan erTad sruli SesitKvebac, an mxolod sruli<br />

SesitKveba udasturdebaT, srul da arasrul SesitKvebaTa<br />

uwinaresoba _ Semdgomadobis sakiTxs wamoyrian:<br />

ƒel-vKav<br />

aGvsebad / ƒel-Kves<br />

g a m o c d a misi; uvar-<br />

Ko sara da Tqua / varsqen uvar-Ko<br />

yeSmariti G m e r T i; Zie-<br />

ba-Ko<br />

gulmodgined / Zieba<br />

ba-vKo<br />

s i s x l i misi; Zal-gic<br />

mitevebad<br />

codvaTa / Zal-mic<br />

g a r d a s l v a sitKvasa uflisasa...<br />

am mniSvnelovani diaqroniuli sakiTxis nebismieri<br />

gadawKvetis SemTxvevaSi asaxsneli rCeba principi, romelic apirobebs<br />

sintaqsuri erTeulis, gardamavali zmnis SemTxvevaSi,<br />

pirdapiri damatebis erTgvar funqciur monacvleobas wrfelobiTSi<br />

dasmul derivaciuli funqciiT aGyurvil identur<br />

73

fuZesTan rTul zmnaSi:<br />

Ko m a n s i t K u a / sitKua _ sitKua-Ko<br />

Ko m a n<br />

gardamavali obieqturi intenciis zmna rTul SenaerTSi<br />

pirdapiri damatebis funqciiT warmodgenil fuZesTan odensubieqtur<br />

SesitKveebad warmogvidgeba.<br />

analogiisaTvis Sdr. gardamaval zmnasTan namKoSi moqmedebiTi<br />

gvaris `subieqturi~ mimGeobis aGweriTi warmoeba:<br />

namKo drois saobieqto (vnebiTi gvaris) mimGeobis amowvdi<br />

wvdili<br />

(xmali) win daismis pirdapiri obieqtis gauformebelui fuZe<br />

da es rTuli warmoeba funqciurad gardamavali zmnis subieqtur<br />

mimGeobad, moqmedebiTi gvaris mimGeobad gvevlineba: xmalamowvdili<br />

`vinc xmali amoiwvada~ (arn. Ciqobava, 1950; e.<br />

osiZe, 1957).<br />

T e a t e t e l o S v i l i<br />

erTpi<br />

Tpiri<br />

riani vnebi<br />

biTis zog forma<br />

maTa umarTe<br />

Tebu<br />

bulo<br />

gamoKene<br />

enebis gamo<br />

Tanamedrove qarTulis zepir metKvelebaSi gaCnda tendencia<br />

erTpiriani vnebiTis zog formaTa araswori gamoKenebisa.<br />

es is erTpiriani vnebiTebia, romelTa umravlesobas unari<br />

aqvs subieqtad adamianic moiazros da nivTic. swored es aris<br />

erT-erTi mizezi imisa, rom maSin, roca mosaubreebma, konteqstidan<br />

gamomdinare, nivTis gamomxatveli subieqtis SesatKvisi<br />

vnebiTi gvaris forma unda gamoiKenon, xSirad SecdomiT iseT<br />

zmnas xmaroben, romelic subieqtad adamians gulisxmobs. mniSvnelovania,<br />

rom calke aGebuli es formebi gramatikulad sworia,<br />

magram konteqstTan mimarTebiT _ semantikurad umarTebuloa<br />

mosaubre subieqtis SeuTavseblobis gamo.<br />

amgvari umarTebulo zmnuri formebia, magaliTad: vkon-<br />

kretde<br />

debi<br />

(me), vmeor<br />

orde<br />

debi<br />

(me), vfiqsir<br />

sirde<br />

debi<br />

(me) da sxv., miT<br />

74<br />

umetes, rom mosaubreebi gulisxmoben xolme maT mier raGacis<br />

dakon<br />

konkre<br />

krete<br />

tebas<br />

bas, game<br />

meore<br />

rebas<br />

bas, dafiq<br />

fiqsi<br />

sire<br />

rebas<br />

da a.S.<br />

a<br />

maga<br />

gali<br />

liTe<br />

Tebi<br />

bi:<br />

...sxva kanonsawinaaGmdego qmedebebze ar davkon<br />

vkonkret<br />

kretde<br />

debi<br />

bi;<br />

isev gavme<br />

vmeor<br />

orde<br />

debi<br />

bi...<br />

da a.S.<br />

zemomoKvanil magaliTebSi davkon<br />

vkonkret<br />

kretde<br />

debis<br />

nacvlad unda<br />

iKos dava<br />

vakon<br />

konkre<br />

kreteb<br />

teb, gavme<br />

vmeor<br />

orde<br />

debis<br />

nacvlad _ gavi<br />

vime<br />

meoreb<br />

da a. S.<br />

mTqmelebi pasivSi aqtivis araswor konversias axdenen: aq-<br />

tivis<br />

subi<br />

bieqts<br />

pasiv<br />

sivSic<br />

subi<br />

bieq<br />

eqtad<br />

tove<br />

veben<br />

ben, rac umarTe<br />

Tebu<br />

bu-<br />

loa. unda iKos mag., kanonsawinaaGmdego qmedebebi ar dakon<br />

kon-<br />

kretde<br />

deba<br />

(Cem mier) (pa<br />

pasi<br />

sivi<br />

vi); an kanonsawinaaGmdego qmedebebs<br />

ar dava<br />

vakon<br />

konkre<br />

kreteb<br />

(aq<br />

aqti<br />

tivi<br />

vi).<br />

saKuradGeboa, rom, rogorc zemoT aGvniSneT, erTi da<br />

igive forma sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba swori an araswori<br />

iKos.<br />

maga<br />

gali<br />

liTad<br />

Tad:<br />

axalgazrdebi, rogorc mkvlevrebi, didi xania vKalibde<br />

de-<br />

biT batoni Tedos daxmarebiT (marTebulia).<br />

me am sakiTxze ar CamovKalibde<br />

debi<br />

(umarTebulo).<br />

erTpiriani pasivis formaTa umarTebulo xmarebis msgavsi<br />

SemTxvevebi arcTu iSviaTad gvxvdeba presisa da televiziis<br />

enaSi. es ki maTi gavrcelebis mizezad SeiZleba iqces. amitomac,<br />

Cveni azriT, sasurvelia, am axlad gaCenili tendenciis<br />

uarKofa da KuradGebis gamaxvileba gramatikulad da semantikurad<br />

gamarTul formaTa gamoKenebaze.<br />

75

T e d o u T u r g a i Z e<br />

qvemde<br />

deba<br />

bare<br />

re-da<br />

dama<br />

mate<br />

tebis saki<br />

kiTxe<br />

Txebi III seri<br />

riis<br />

is<br />

zmniT gamoxa<br />

xatul Semas<br />

masme<br />

menel<br />

nelTan<br />

(aq<br />

aqti<br />

tive<br />

vebi da medi<br />

dioaq<br />

aqti<br />

tive<br />

vebi<br />

bi)<br />

III seriis zmnaTa formebi, miuxedavad koneqciuri kategoriebis<br />

saxeobaTa gansxvavebisa, orientirebuli arian Sedegze<br />

da xasiaTdebian perfeqtulobiT.<br />

III seriis formebi gvian CamoKalibebulad aris miCneuli.<br />

enaSi maTi roli TandaTanobiT izrdeba: Zveli qarTulis teqstebSi<br />

isini iSviaTad gvxvdebian, Tanamedrove qarTulSi ki sakmaod<br />

xSirad ixmarebian.<br />

cnobilia, rom aqtivTa formebi III seriaSi igeba statikur<br />

vnebiTTa modeliT. gansxvavebuli interpretacia eZleva am<br />

modelis dinamizacias: zogadad erTi TvalsazrisiT x d e b a<br />

p i r T a i n v e r s i a: aqtantebi maTi rolis mixedviT ver<br />

iGeben Sesabamis niSnebs, romlebic bunebrivad warmodgenilia I<br />

da II seriebSi, konkretulad: (a) statikuri vnebiTis modelSi<br />

warmodgenili subieqti da iribi obieqti ucvlelad gadadis<br />

aqtivTa III seriaSi, oGond aqtantTa statusi aqtivTa paradigmaSi<br />

ganisazGvreba maTi funqciis mixedviT, ris Sedegadac xdeba<br />

niSanTa inversia: moqmeds<br />

g a m o x a t a v s o b i e q t i s<br />

n i S a n i da piriqiT, samoq<br />

moqme<br />

medo aqtan<br />

tants _ s u b i e q t i s<br />

n i S a n i . (b) inversiis meore TeoriiT dinamizaciis procesSi<br />

statikuri vnebiTis subieqti aqtivSi Canacvlebulia pirdapiri<br />

obieqtiT. es aris aqtivebSi inversiis zemoT miTiTebuli (a)<br />

Teoriis naklis gamosworebis cda _ aqtivis paradigmaSi Semovida<br />

pirdapiri damateba, romlis gareSec, ra Tqma unda, es<br />

formebi aqtivad ver CaiTvleboda.<br />

meore TvalsazrisSi, sadac isev q m e d e b a S i m o n a -<br />

w i l e o b i s m i x e d v i T aqtivizaciis procesSi subieqti<br />

xdeba pirdapiri damateba, xolo iribi obieqti _ subieqti, ar<br />

aris miTiTeba am procesis gamomwvev mizezebze da arc niSanTa<br />

76<br />

Senacvlebis (inversiis) damokidebulebaze im viTarebasTan, romelmac<br />

gamoiwvia es Senacvleba.<br />

Tu aqtantTa subieqtad da obieqtad daJgufebis kriteriumad<br />

miviCnevT aqtantTa mier iniciativis qona-arqonas, pirvelad<br />

da meored kauzativebSi subi<br />

bieq<br />

eqti moqme<br />

qmede<br />

debis Semsru<br />

msru-<br />

lebe<br />

beli<br />

(pirvelad kauzativebSi _ pirdapiri obieqti, meorad<br />

kauzativebSi _ iribi obieqti) ki ar iqne<br />

neba<br />

ba, aramed _ inici<br />

cia-<br />

tori<br />

ri, v i n c q m e d e b a d a G Z r a v s p i r d a p i r i da<br />

i r i b i o b i e q t e b i s n i S n e b i T w a r m o d g e n i l<br />

a q t a n t e b s.<br />

rac Seexeba, statikur vnebiTebsa da orpirian mediopasivebs,<br />

isini Tavisi bunebiT perfeqtuli formebia _ warsuli<br />

qmedebis Sedegs gviCveneben awmKoSi (mikavia is, miyiravs is, miweria<br />

is...), aq Sedegia iniciatoris rolSi, ris gamoc subieqtis<br />

niSans iGebs, iribi obieqti (me<br />

mikavia, me miyiravs, me miweria...)<br />

mxolod Semsrulebelia qmedebisa, rogorc meorad kauzativebSi,<br />

sadac subieqti SeiZleba samoqmedoc ki iKos (is<br />

ecemina mas): mTava<br />

varia qmede<br />

debis inici<br />

ciato<br />

toro<br />

roba imisTvis<br />

Tvis, rom<br />

aqtant<br />

tantma subi<br />

bieq<br />

eqtis niSa<br />

Sani miiGos. qmede<br />

debis Semsru<br />

msrule<br />

lebe<br />

beli<br />

ecemi<br />

mina<br />

f o r m a S i i r i b i o b i e q t i a , i n i c i a t o -<br />

r i (Tumca samoqmedo) ki _ subieqti.<br />

aqtivTa III seriis formebSic s t a t i k u r v n e b i T -<br />

T a m o d e l i T g a d a d i s o r i e n t a c i a w a r s u -<br />

l i q m e d e b i s S e d e g z e da es Sedegi, romelic I da II<br />

seriebis pirdapiri obieqtiT xdeba sacnauri, subieqtis statuss<br />

iGebs aqac da, bunebrivia, saTanado niSansac is iCens.<br />

d a m i w e r i a formaSi m i w e r i a formis aqtivacia<br />

moxda gezis zmniswinTa darTviT (gad<br />

gadamiweria, Camiweria...), Sedegze<br />

orientacia modelSi SenarCunebuli iqna da subieqtis<br />

niSanic aq aqtantma miiGo, Sesabamisad saxelobiT brunvaSi<br />

qvemdebarea warmodgenili, micemiTSi _ Semsrulebeli pirdapiri<br />

damateba, e. i. moxda ara inversia, aramed enaSi moqmedi<br />

saKovelTao wesis realizacia: iniciatori subieqtis niSniT<br />

aGiniSna (perfeqtul formebSi es warsuli qmedebis Sedegia),<br />

77

qmedebis Semsrulebeli ki im obieqtis niSniT, romelic Semasmenels<br />

gadmohKva I seriidan. moqmedebiTi gvaris zmnebs iribi<br />

obieqti ar gadahKveba III seriaSi, radgan es seria Sedegzea<br />

orientirebuli.<br />

medioaqtiuri zmnebi erTpirianebicaa da orpirianebic.<br />

isini aqtivTa formawarmoebis models iKeneben, ris gamoc iribi<br />

obieqti ar gadahKveba III seriaSi. formaSi mxolod Semsrulebeli<br />

aqtanti rCeba pirad (miKaraulia saxlisTvis, midara-<br />

Jia ezosTvis, mieqimia davrdomilTaTvis...). formebSi, garda am<br />

markirebuli realuri aqtantisa (me miKaraulia...), m<br />

aris subieqtis<br />

niSanic (miKaraulia), romlis Sesabamisi aqtanti Semasmenels<br />

ar moepoveba pirad. aseTi Semasmenlebi uqvemdebaroa, iseve<br />

rogorc m Z i n a v s da m c i v a tipis Semasmenlebi.<br />

nentis Secvla rotacizmis wesiT megrulSi moqmedi fonotaqtikis<br />

sxva wesis<br />

analogiad CavTvaloT.<br />

ar aris gamoricxuli megrulSi moqmedi rotacizmis tendenciis<br />

Careva _ fonetikuri tendenciebis moqmedeba arasamwerlo<br />

enebis sivrceSi SeuzGudavia.<br />

ra SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rodesac fonotaqtikis wesi er-<br />

Ti morfemis farglebSi irGveva. is, rom mocemul fonemaTa<br />

SeerTeba kanonikuri sqemis gareT darCa, Tu SesaZlebelia vivaraudoT,<br />

rom pirveli komponentis Secvla rotaciis gziT analogiaa,<br />

romelic arakanonikuri Jgufis pirveli komponentis<br />

Secvlas gulisxmobs. ar aris gamoricxuli rotacizmis Zlieri<br />

tendenciis Careva, vinaidan fonetikuri tendenciebis moqmedeba<br />

arasamwerlo enebis sivrceSi SeuzGudavia.<br />

n a T e l a q u T e l i a<br />

irGveva<br />

va Tu ara fone<br />

nema<br />

maTa Seer<br />

erTe<br />

Tebis<br />

sintag<br />

tagma<br />

matu<br />

turi kanon<br />

nonzo<br />

zomi<br />

miere<br />

reba<br />

bani<br />

magaliTebi cxadKofen, rom KovelTvis ar realizdeba<br />

fonemaTa SeerTebis sintagmaturi kanonzomierebani.<br />

ismis kiTxva, ratom arGvevs fono<br />

notaq<br />

taqti<br />

tika<br />

ka, romelic er-<br />

Ti mxriv fonemaTa Segueba-Seugueblobis garkveul wesebs<br />

emKareba, xolo meore mxriv, enis Sinagani organizaciiT aris<br />

nakarnaxevi da realurad arsebuli struqturebSi vlindeba,<br />

Tavissave gamomuSavebul wess.<br />

aseT darGvevasTan gvaqvs saqme megrulSi harmoniul kompleqsTa<br />

B sistemis labio-velarul aspirirebul JgufSi: megrulisaTvis<br />

kanonikuri fx>rx<br />

rx.<br />

ra SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rodesac fonotaqtikis wesi er-<br />

Ti morfemis farglebSi irGveva? is rom fonemaTa SeerTeba kanonikuri<br />

sqemis gareT darCa, Tu SesaZlebelia pirveli kompo-<br />

78<br />

v a j a S e n g e l i a<br />

fragmen<br />

mente<br />

tebi<br />

mogo<br />

gone<br />

nebi<br />

bidan akade<br />

demi<br />

mikos<br />

<strong>arnold</strong> Ciqo<br />

qoba<br />

bava<br />

vaze<br />

ze. XXIII_XXVIII<br />

XXVIII<br />

23. arn. Ciqobava Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi<br />

swavlobda 1918-1922 wlebSi. misi Tanakurselebi, sxvebTan er-<br />

Tad, Kofilan adamianebi, romlebsac umaGlesi ganaTleba ruseTsa<br />

Tu evropis qveKnebSi hqondaT miGebuli, magram qarTul<br />

enaze leqciebis mosmenis survili imdenad didi iKo, rom Cveni<br />

universitetis msmenelebi gamxdaran. erTi maTgani iKo Tamar<br />

lomouri, cnobili qarTveli mwerlis niko lomouris qaliSvili,<br />

numizmatikuri mecnierebis fuZemdebeli saqarTveloSi,<br />

SemdgomSi _ `qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~ mTavari<br />

redaqciis wevri.<br />

qarTlSi erT-erTi mivlinebis dros T. lomours Tanakurselebi<br />

_ arn. Ciqobava da v. Tofuria, saxlSi miuwvevia.<br />

sufra niko lomouris meuGles gauSlia...<br />

79

24. prof. a. SaniZes gadauwKvetia: v. Tofuria qarTlSi<br />

unda wavides mivlinebiT, arn. Ciqobava _ mTiuleTSio...<br />

maSin b-ni <strong>arnold</strong>i universitetTan axlos cxovrobda,<br />

patara naqiravebi oTaxi ekava iq, sadac axla samkurnalo kombinati<br />

mdebareobs... dilas im adgils miakiTxa (daaxloebiT axlandeli<br />

sportis sasaxlis teritoriaze), sadac Cveulebriv<br />

meurmeebi ikribebodnen, soflebidan Camosuli adamianebi, romlebmac<br />

raGac gaKides da ukan apirebdnen gamgzavrebas...<br />

pirvelad nabdisqudianebi gamoelaparaknen: sam saaTSi CagiKvanTo,<br />

uTxres, Tanac Zviri daufases... naTqvami araseriozulad<br />

eCvena. maT rom daSorda, bewvisqudiani mTiulebi gamo-<br />

Cndnen da TavianTi samsaxuri SemosTavazes, Tan uTxres: imaT<br />

(nabdisqudianebs) ar endoT, magaT qriste GmerTs uzangi Saayres!<br />

aseTi gamonaTqvami manamde ar gamegoo, _ GimiliT igonebda<br />

b-ni <strong>arnold</strong>i.<br />

meurmeebma SesTavazes: dilaadrian gavalT, amitom Game<br />

CvenTan gaaTie, Torem ver mogviswrebTo. axlos vcxovrobo<br />

rom uTxra, ar dagagviandeso, daabares...<br />

meore dilas rom mivida, urmebi mariliT daetvirTaT.<br />

marilian tomaraze daJda sxvebTan erTad... maSin samxedro gzaze<br />

KaCaGoba iKo da meurmeebs eSinodaT, amitom ramdenime uremi<br />

erTad midioda...<br />

pirvel dGes mcxeTas gascdnen da Game bulaCaurSi gaaTies...<br />

mesame dGes fasanaurs miaGwies, meoTxe dGes _ qveSeTs...<br />

arn. Ciqobavam mivlinebis baraTi waradgina, romelSic<br />

ewera: esa da es piri saprofesorod mosamzadeblad aris datovebuli<br />

da xeli SeuwKveTo... profesori vegoneT da iqve, duqnis<br />

Tavze gamomiKves patara oTaxio... Semdeg, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis<br />

xelSewKobiT, mTiuleTis ramdenime sofels ewvia...<br />

25. stalins pirveli Sexvedrisas magidaze, `qarTuli<br />

enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis~ pirveli tomi edo, magram ara<br />

is, romelsac misTvis specialurad amzadebdnen (tKavis KdaSi<br />

Casmuls), aramed Cveulebrivi, masobrivi tirajiT gamocemuli...<br />

stalini: Kvela asea gamocemuli?<br />

80<br />

Ciqobava: Kvela, amxanago stalino!<br />

stalini: rigiani gamocemaa... Tqven aq werT, rom bluza<br />

za,<br />

frangulidan aris SeTvisebuli, gana rusulidan ar aris?<br />

Ciqobava: wignSi weria, rom bluza<br />

frangulidan aris<br />

rusuli enis meSveobiT.<br />

stalinma uxmod gadaSala wigni, Caxeda da daxura. saxeze<br />

araviTari emocia! ver gaigebdi, ra naxa leqsikonSi da ra moiwona,<br />

Tu ar moiwona...<br />

kidev ramdenime SekiTxva dasva, isev Seamowma da wigni uxmod<br />

daxura... isev araviTari reaqcia!<br />

Sexvedridan rom modiodnen, respublikis xelmZGvanelma<br />

k. Carkvianma b-n <strong>arnold</strong>s SeSfoTebiT hkiTxa: xom araferi SegeSalaT?<br />

b-ma <strong>arnold</strong>ma upasuxa, rom tomis redaqtoria, ramden-<br />

Jerme aqvs wakiTxuli da Secdoma gamoricxuliao...<br />

26. stalins Tavis did misaGeb oTaxSi ramdenime taxti<br />

edga, romlebzec muTaqebi elaga... omis dros Turme cota<br />

xniT Tu waiZinebda, isic ZiriTadad dGisiT...<br />

arn. Ciqobava: dGe eZina, Game fxizlobda, mTeli qveKana<br />

fxizlad iKo...<br />

27. b-n <strong>arnold</strong>s ar uKvarda mravalsitKvaoba, lakoniuroba<br />

misi stilis damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi Tviseba iKo. amis<br />

damadasturebelia nawKveti rekomendaciidan, romelic 1968<br />

wlis 29 maiss aris dawerili da saTanado piris pirad saqmeSi<br />

inaxeba: `...vaja Sengelias, rogorc axalgazrda specialists,<br />

aqvs dakvirvebis niyi da enobrivi analizis unari; sistemuri<br />

muSaobis Cvevac moepoveba. mTis iberiu-kavkasiur enaTa<br />

ganKofilebaSi misi Caricxva saqmis interesebs Seefereba...~<br />

28. b-n <strong>arnold</strong>Tan TaTbirze viKaviT: q. lomTaTiZe, g.<br />

rogava, al. mahometovi da me. rogorGac sitKva Cemze Camoagdes<br />

da ramdenime Tbili sitKva iTqva. q-ma qeTevanma, sxvaTa Soris,<br />

aGniSna: vaja Kvelas uKvars...<br />

arn. Ciqobava: ara mgonia, ase iKos... magram, Tu Kvelas<br />

uKvars, ar Kofila kargi kaci.<br />

81

e v a z S e r o z i a<br />

qarTv<br />

Tvelu<br />

luri sali<br />

lite<br />

tera<br />

ratu<br />

turo enisa da sulxan<br />

xan-sa<br />

sabas<br />

`sitKvis konis<br />

is~ zogi saki<br />

kiTxi<br />

Txisa<br />

saTvis<br />

1. qarTveluri enobrivi sistemis ZiriTadi varinti, _<br />

qarTveluri saliteraturo ena _ qristianobis gavrcelebamde<br />

bevrad adre rom aris Seqmnili, dGes eyvs ar unda iwvevdes.<br />

amasTan, xazgasmulia is unikaluri faqtic, rom istoriulad<br />

mis `ganviTarebaSi wKveta ar momxdara, axali enobrivi sistema,<br />

anu `axali ena~, ZvelTan mimarTebiT, ar CamoKalibebula~ (avT.<br />

arabuli).<br />

qarTvelurma enobrivma sistemam Tavisi ganviTarebis gzaze<br />

_ garda saliteraturo variantisa _ warmoSva mravalferovani<br />

dialeqturi saxesxvaobani, _ sistemis `SesaZlebloba-<br />

Ta~ (b. foCxua) nairgvari variantuli Jgufebi. maTSi `am `SesaZleblobaTa~<br />

realizaciis Sedegebi saukuneebis manZilze saliteraturo<br />

enaSi akumulirdeboda. es procesi kargad Cans<br />

`vefxistKaosanSi~, ufro naTlad _ sulxan-sabas `sitKvis konaSi~.<br />

2. KuradGebas iqcevs sulxan-sabas mier aramarto Setanili<br />

formebi, aramed maTi ganmartebebic, romlebic saliteraturo<br />

variantisa da dialeqtebis urTierTmimarTebisadmi avtoris<br />

pozicias naTlad warmoaCens.<br />

sitKva-niSanTa ganmartebebisas sulxan-saba xSirad iKenebs<br />

winadadeba-terminebs: `sxvaTa enaa~ (zogJer miTiTebulia, Tu<br />

romeli enidan aris nasesxebi: `berZnuli~,...), `glexurad...~<br />

(`glexuri~ ganmartebulia rogorc `mdabiuri~), `glexni... uwodeben~,<br />

`msoflioni... uwodeben~.<br />

pirvel SemTxvevaSi, cxadia,ucxo ena igulisxmeba:<br />

`aqi<br />

aqimi<br />

sxvaTa enaa,. qarTulad m k u r n a l i hqvian~.<br />

`kuti sxvaTa enaa, qarTulad s a p K a r i hqvian~. sxva redaqciaSi<br />

zogJer wKaro saxeldeba: `es kuti<br />

TaTarTa enaa, jam-<br />

Ta viTarebiT SemouGiaT, qarTulad s a p K a r i a~.<br />

qarTveluri enobrivi samKarodan moxmobili formebi,<br />

82<br />

romlebic sulxan-sabas azriT literaturuli ar aris, ganmartebulia<br />

rogorc `glexuri~ an `msoflioni~:<br />

`ma<br />

maTe<br />

mcire foso glexurad~.<br />

`be<br />

bebia<br />

bia glexni KrmaT amqmels uwodeben~.<br />

`ku<br />

kudu<br />

duri<br />

kudiani, amas msoflioni grZneuls uwodeben...~<br />

iSviaTad, magram zog SemTxvevaSi dakonkretebulia, Tu<br />

romeli kuTxis (dialeqtis) `glexuria~ sitKva:<br />

`das<br />

dasti<br />

yanni k o k a s uƒmoben; saGvinea didi~.<br />

`ko<br />

koxu<br />

xuJi<br />

(ko<br />

koxun<br />

xunJi<br />

Ji) imeruli qalamani~.<br />

`ki<br />

ki, mi, Ke, que (ki<br />

ki, mi, Ke, qve, qe, wen, ken...) eseni<br />

sitKvaTa gemoTa arTronni arian, xolo romelnime imerelni<br />

amaTda nacvlad sitKvaTa Sina atanen: qe, wen; cudi ars da<br />

amao...~<br />

`oJi<br />

oJiJi<br />

bade megrulad. mgrgvali badea qorT Tav(s) dasacmeli~.<br />

`ja<br />

jare<br />

iare mesxurad.<br />

Tumca sulxan-saba asaxelebs mxolod yanebs, megrelebs,<br />

imerlebsa da mesxebs, magram leqsikonSi Setanili aqvs mravali<br />

dialeqturi sitKva-forma. cxadia, rom avtori, marTalia,<br />

upirvelesad saliteraturo enis siwmindes icavda, magram qarTveluri<br />

enobrivi sistemis variantTa masaliT ZiriTadi, saliteraturo<br />

variantis gamdidreba rom aucilebeli iKo, kargad esmoda.<br />

i z a C a n t l a Z e<br />

jur-/ jir-/ jˆr- ZirTa urTi<br />

Tier<br />

erTmi<br />

Tmimar<br />

marTe<br />

Tebi<br />

bisa<br />

saTvis<br />

qarTve<br />

Tvelur enebSi<br />

specialur literaturaSi (Cuxua 2000-2003, gv. 183)<br />

`sisvelisa~ da `wKalobis~ aGmniSvneli svanuri -jir<br />

jir/-jˆr<br />

jˆr- Ziri<br />

dakavSirebulia qarTuli enis fSauri dialeqtis leqsemasTan<br />

zala<br />

(`Kvelis Sesanaxi mariliani, mlaSe wKali; waTxi~), magram<br />

83

is ar dasturdeba Zvel qarTul werilobiT ZeglebSi, rac ar-<br />

Tulebs mis CaTvlas saerToqarTveluri donis monacemad.<br />

sulxan-saba orbelianisTvis zala<br />

igive walaa<br />

(`Saravi,<br />

viTa wKali~), romelic gvxvdeba rogorc Zvel qarTulSi, ise<br />

Tanamedrove qarTul dialeqtebsa da svanurSi `gawKalebuli<br />

Cirqis~ mniSvnelobiT. aqve SeiZleboda gagvxseneboda leqsema<br />

mo-wal<br />

wal-vac (`dasaZmaravi mxaleulis cxel wKalSi moTuTqva~).<br />

am Ziris ugulebelKofa, vfiqrobT, uxerxulia maSin, roca<br />

`sisvelis, siTxis~ aGmniSvnel sitKvaTa etimologiaze vmsJelobT.<br />

wal<br />

nasesxebi unda iKos svanur enaSi Zveli qarTulidanve<br />

(gansxvavebuli TvalsazrisisaTvis ix. Fähnrich 1991, 17) da<br />

gamoiKeneba mxolod lentexur dialeqtSi. aqac da svanuris danarCen<br />

kiloebSic ufro gavrcelebulia imave mniSvnelobis T’r.<br />

Cveni azriT, saanalizo ZirTa Sepirispirebisas aucilebeli<br />

ar aris, amovideT Tanxmovnis maincadamainc sisina variantidan,<br />

radganac Kvela qarTvelur enaSi `sisvelisa~ Tu raime<br />

`siTxis~ aGmniSvnel leqsemebSi swored j fonema figurirebs,<br />

ZiriTadad, sonor bgeraTa da uZveles sufiqsTa garemocvaSi:<br />

q a r T u l i<br />

nij-i (Zv. q.) `cvari, sisvele~; `ni<br />

niji<br />

aris cvaris umciresi<br />

nawili~ (saba); Sdr. jin-jl<br />

jl-v-a, jon-v-a, m-jon<br />

jon-av-i, ga-jon<br />

jon-il-i,<br />

na-jon<br />

jon-i, na-jur<br />

jur-i, jvan-i (qarTl.) `najuri~, jGm-ut-i (Zv. q.).<br />

`wvimis saxeoba~, jGv-ik-i (gur.) `wvimiani amindi~, jin-jGl<br />

jGl-i<br />

(saba) `wvrili Tqori~, jvan-q-i (gur.) `cvari, wveTi~, joq-o<br />

(gur.) `wKalwKala Gvino~, jan-t-i (saba) `mcire ram sisuele~,<br />

ja-tK-i (saba) `wKliani Tovli~, jal-t-am-i (gur.) `TovlyKapi~,<br />

jaj-un-i (qiziK.) `sxma wvimisa, sma Gvinisa~, jgleT-i (imer.,<br />

gur.), jeT-q-i (leCx.) `kokispiruli wvima~, jv-av-i (gur.) `nami,<br />

cvari~, jv-ip-in-i -leCx.) `sisvele~, Sdr. imer. jv-ep-o `siTxis<br />

qafi; ofli~, jvrin-t-i (TuS.), jrin-t-i (mTiul., qiziK.) `wve-<br />

Ti~, jiT-q-i `wvrili wvima~, jm-or-i (ray.) `Tqori~, mo-jr<br />

jr-ob-a<br />

(gur.) `Kvelis amoKvanis Semdeg darCenili siTxis _ svelis<br />

wamoduGeba da Tavze moKenebuli xayosebri masis gawurva~,<br />

jon-t-or-o (gur.) `sveli SeSa~, jrin-v-a (fS.) `CuxCuxi, rakra-<br />

84<br />

ki~, j‘n-t-a- (ingil.) `surdo~, jujG-o (qiziK.) `wKlulis nadeni~,<br />

jujG-n-a (imer.) `uxeirod recxva~...<br />

m e g r u l i<br />

jver-i `sveli, wKliani~, jvar-u-a º jvar-jval<br />

jval-i `wveTeba,<br />

wKlis sxma~, i-jvar<br />

jvar-jval<br />

jval-u-{n} `sveldeba~...<br />

vfiqrobT, rom saerToqarTveluri enis doneze unda<br />

aGvadginoT *jur<br />

jur- Ziri (Sdr. qiziK. jur-i `wveTi~, na-jur<br />

jur-i<br />

`nawveTi, wveT-wveTad gamodenili~; gur. jur-i `saaraKe masala _<br />

roca wKals daamateben, itKvian: juri<br />

mivecio~; ayar-jur<br />

jur-i<br />

`mkvaxe KurZnis wveni~), saidanac svanur enaSi umlautis Sedegad<br />

warmoqmnili delabializaciis procesiTa da reduqciis<br />

(Tofuria, 1931, gv. 155-156; 1979, gv. 167) gziT (*jur<br />

jur+i ><br />

*j‘r<br />

> *j…ir<br />

> jir > jˆr) miviGebdiT Tanamedrove metKvelebaSi<br />

dadasturebul leqsemebs: mˆ-jir<br />

`sveli~, li-jr<br />

jr-e (< lnt.<br />

lˆ-jir<br />

jir-e) `sveleba~, na-m-jir<br />

jir-i `sisvele~, lˆ-jr<br />

jr-e (< lnt. lˆ-<br />

jir-e) `dasvelebuli~, bz. l-n-jir<br />

jir, bq. l-m-jir<br />

`notio adgili;<br />

sawvimari Gari~, na-jr<br />

jr-e (Col. na-jir<br />

jir-e) `odnav sdis~, ma-jˆr<br />

`mowKaleba~, li-j'r-e `wKalobis qmna~, na-l-jˆr<br />

`nawKalobevi~,<br />

Secodebuli~, le-jr<br />

jr-i (< lnt. le-jˆr<br />

jˆr-i) `sawKalobeli, sacodavi;<br />

mˆ-jir<br />

`SemwKalebeli, Semcodebeli~, mˆ-jr<br />

jr-i (< lnt. mˆ-jˆr<br />

jˆr-i)<br />

`mowKale~,... _ rogorc vxedavT, sxvadasxva fonetikuri procesi<br />

(-jir<br />

jir-, erTi mxriv, da -jˆr<br />

jˆr-, meore mxriv) safuZvelia erTi da imave<br />

-jur<br />

ur- Ziris semantikuri diferencirebisa.<br />

qarTvelur enebSi gamovlenili regularuli fonemaTSesatKvisobebis<br />

sistemidan amosvliT zanur-svanurSi mosalodneli<br />

iKo -jG<br />

jG- kompleqsi, miTumetes, Tu SevudarebT erTmaneTs<br />

qarTuli enis aGmosavlur da dasavlur dialeqtTa zog monacems:<br />

TuSur-fSaur-qiziKuri jin-jl<br />

jl-i, erTi mxriv, da guruli<br />

jin-jGl<br />

jGl-i, meore mxriv (`wvrili wvima~); TuSuri jvrin-t-i,<br />

mTiul-qiziKuri jrin-t-i, erTi mxriv, da qarTluri jGin-t-i,<br />

meore mxriv (`wKlis wveTi~). sagulisxmoa, rom svanuri enis<br />

erT-erT dialeqtSi swored mTiulur-qiziKuri formaa Sesuli<br />

(Sdr. lSx. jrint `wveTi, Klupi~). iqve gvaqvs -jG<br />

jG- kompleqsis<br />

Semcveli monacemic (lSx. jGer `TqeSi~). es ukanaskneli leCxu-<br />

85

mur dialeqtSic gamoiKeneba `Zlieri wvimis~ aGsaniSnavad, rac<br />

svanuris (laSxuris) anareklia. logikurad sulac ar iqneba<br />

gasakviri, rom saanalizo formebisaTvis (-jir<br />

jir-, -jˆr<br />

ˆr-, -jGer<br />

jGer-)<br />

sakuTriv svanurSi amosavlad vivaraudoT *-jGur<br />

jGur-, romelSic<br />

TandaTanobiT daiSala bgeraTkompleqsi. leqsemebi, romlebic<br />

gadmogvcemen `sisvelisa~ da `wKaloba > Secodebis~ semantikas,<br />

SeiZleboda migveGo rogorc -jur<br />

jur-, ise -jer<br />

jer- Ziridan, Tu megrul<br />

masalasac gaviTvaliswinebT. es ki imas niSnavs, rom saer-<br />

ToqarTveluri enis donezeve am ZirSi unda davuSvaT -u/exmovanTmonacvleoba.<br />

qarTvelur enebSi dGesac SeiniSneba bgeraTkompleqsebis<br />

gamartivebis procesi:<br />

guruli: jGvep-i > Gvep-i > Gvip-i > Kvip-i (`odnav wvimiani,<br />

nisliani amindi~);<br />

svanuri: li-jGam<br />

jGam-ur<br />

ur-’l<br />

> *li<br />

li-jam<br />

jam-ur<br />

ur-’l > li-j…m<br />

…m-ur<br />

ur-’l<br />

(`jGavili > aSliloba, areuloba~);<br />

svanuri (bq., lnt.): bjGer (`Cvili, Krma~), imer.-gur.-<br />

leCx. bjGarti<br />

> bGarti<br />

ti, ay. bGaSti<br />

(`bartKi, bavSvi, Svili,<br />

ususuri~).<br />

imerul-guruli: jgleT-i > leCxumuri jeT-q-i (`kokispiruli<br />

wvima~); bjGil (Col.) _ mCute, unaKofo TavTavi, Sdr.<br />

bjir-i _ `ugulo fetvi da misTanani~ (saba);<br />

saba: jatK<br />

atK-i > jant-i `wKliani Tovli~...<br />

xom ar SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom somxuri Jur (`wKali~)<br />

saerToqarTveluri *-jur<br />

jur- Ziris gaafrikatebuli variantia?<br />

86<br />

i z a C a n t l a Z e<br />

Cemi moZGvarTmoZGva<br />

TmoZGvari<br />

Tuki sadme akademikos <strong>arnold</strong> Ciqobavaze miwevs msJeloba,<br />

me mas Kvelgan `moZGvarTmoZGvars~ vuwodeb, radganac Kvela,<br />

vinc ki maswavlida universitetSi, asistentidan dawKebuli<br />

akademikosiT damTavrebuli, misi namowafari Tu mowafe<br />

iKo; asobiT specialisti hKavda gawvrTnili _ `me<br />

meores vera<br />

ravis<br />

dava<br />

vasa<br />

saxe<br />

xelebT<br />

lebT, romel<br />

melsac amde<br />

deni Zvirfa<br />

fasi dro gaeGos Taoba<br />

ba-<br />

Ta aGzrdisa<br />

saTvis<br />

Tvis~ (akad. qeTevan lomTaTiZe).<br />

ra didebulad Tqva misma usaKvarlesma mowafem, SesaniSnavma<br />

momGeralma da aranaklebma enaTmecnierma profesorma nodar<br />

andGulaZem! _ brZeni osta<br />

tatis tis gakve<br />

kveTi<br />

Tileb<br />

lebze Segird<br />

girdmwvrTne<br />

vrTnelis para<br />

radig<br />

digma icvle<br />

vlebo<br />

boda maZi<br />

Ziebel<br />

bel-moZGvris para<br />

ra-<br />

digma<br />

mado<br />

do. odesGac misTvis da givi mayavarianisTvis, roca isini<br />

batoni <strong>arnold</strong>is aspirantebi iKvnen, albaT sevdanarevi tkiviliT<br />

maswavlebels isic ki uTqvams: ra Zneli iqneboda uTqvenod<br />

sicocxleo.<br />

zGaprad dagvrCa mis mowafeebs saTaKvanebel moZGvarTan<br />

urTierTobis wlebi... dGemde gvesizmreba es saocrad keTil-<br />

Sobili adamiani, tanmorCili qaTqaTa kaci, magram imavdroulad<br />

bumberazi pirovneba da mecnieri-filosofosi, vinc<br />

KovelTvis ise Girseulad gelaparakeboda urTules problemebze,<br />

rogorc Tanatols...<br />

aseT kacs memkvidre ar darCenia _ sul mgonia, rom misi<br />

mravalricxovani mowafeebi mTel kavkasiaSi misi GviZli Svilebi<br />

viKaviT...<br />

aseTi kaci ratomGac mkacri egonaT viGac-viGaceebs, anu<br />

imaT, vinc mas axlos ar icnobda, Cven ki KovelTvis vaGmerTebdiT<br />

baton <strong>arnold</strong>s!<br />

roca didi mecnieris 100 wlisTavze `xsovnis wigni~ momzadda,<br />

samwuxarod, me TbilisSi ar viKavi da, bunebrivia, aranairi<br />

monawileoba ar mimiGia mis SeqmnaSi (aravin izruna Cem-<br />

87

Tvis SeetKobinebina es ambavi); vaiTu veGar moveswro moZGvris<br />

120 wlis iubiles da amitomac axla gadavwKvite, mogiTxroT<br />

ramdenime epizodi misi `simkacris~ Sesaxeb:<br />

mexuTe kursze rom gadavedi, zafxulSi kubaSi imarTeboda<br />

axalgazrdobis saerTaSoriso festivali, romelSic Cveni<br />

delegaciac monawileobda. sakmaod Zviri Girda es siamovneba,<br />

magram mSoblebi Sempirdnen, rom `welebze fexs daidgamdnen~<br />

da guls ar damwKvetdnen. sayiro iKo dokumentaciis Sekreba.<br />

bunebrivia, rom kavkasiur enaTa ganKofilebis studenti veaxeli<br />

kavkasiur enaTa kaTedris gamges. wina wels, saxelobiTi<br />

stipendiis moniyebis dros, ukve mqonda amis gamocdileba (batoni<br />

<strong>arnold</strong>is xeliT daweril daxasiaTebas dGemde mowiwebi-<br />

Ta da siamaKiT vinaxav). roca gaigo saqmis viTareba, ise, rom<br />

erTi SekiTxvac ki ar dausvams, saocrad Gimilnarevi sidinJiT<br />

miTxra: `pativcemulo iza, kubaSi KovelTvis waxvalT momaval-<br />

Si (xom gaxsovT, ra dro iKo maSin? TiTqmis naxevari saukunis<br />

win axalgazrda ki ara, buzic ver Sefrindeboda amerikis kontinentze!),<br />

axla ki svaneTSi unda wabrZandeT, radganac Tqveni<br />

sadiplomo naSromi sruliad daumuSavebel sakiTxs exebao~.<br />

marTlac ase iKo da, rasakvirvelia, xmac ar gamiGia. dGemde<br />

damcinis Kvela, visac es faqti axsovs, Tumca sulac ar vnanob,<br />

rom maSin kubis nacvlad svaneTSi wavedi, saidanac or kviraSi<br />

erTxel samecniero xelmZGvanels werilebs vwerdi imis Sesaxeb,<br />

Tu ras vsaqmianobdi _ es batoni <strong>arnold</strong>is davaleba iKo.<br />

martis TveSi damacvevina sadiplomo naSromi kaTedris<br />

sxdomaze _ gagigoniaT sadme amgvari ram?! maSinac da axlac<br />

msgavsi sxdomebi imarTeba xolme ivnisSi. rogorc mogvianebiT<br />

SevitKve, fakultetis samecniero sabyos aprilis TveSi unda<br />

ganexila im studentebis sakiTxi, visac rekomendacias aZlevdnen<br />

aspiranturaSi.<br />

davamTavreT universiteti da moxda saocari ram _ mecnierebis<br />

sakavSiro ministrma gamosca brZaneba imis Sesaxeb,<br />

rom apiranturaSi Cabarebis ufleba eZleodaT mxolod im pirebs,<br />

visac universitetisa Tu institutis damTavrebis Semdeg<br />

88<br />

hqonda ori wlis muSaobis staji. Zalian vinerviuleT _ gauqmda<br />

samecniero sabyos rekomendaciebi, magram liana sturuas,<br />

damana meliqiSvilsa da me es wesi ratomGac ar Segvexo. Cav-<br />

TvaleT, rom maSin sakmaod vCandiT universitetSi da albaT<br />

amitom gamogvarCies. mxolod xuTi wlis Semdeg (roca sakandidato<br />

disertacias vicavdi) miTxra enaTmecnierebis institutis<br />

maSindelma direqtorma, rom Turme ministr i. eliutinis-<br />

Tvis miuweria baton <strong>arnold</strong>s Cem Sesaxeb axsna-ganmartebiTi<br />

baraTi da dausabuTebia, rom aucilebeli iKo kadrebis momzadeba<br />

svanur enaSi samuSaod (mavanni ki dGemde abraleben mas,<br />

rom svanurSi arc Tavad muSaobda da arc sxvas amuSavebda _<br />

enadac ki ar miaCnda, qarTul-megrulis konglomerats eZaxdao;<br />

netar arian morwmuneni!..).<br />

CemTvis arc ukiTxavs, ise Seuvsia aspirantis samuSao gegma,<br />

romelSic aGniSnuli iKo sadisertacio Temis saTauri `saxelTa<br />

bruneba da brunvaTa funqciebi qarTvelur enebSi~ da<br />

adlerSi gamgzavrebula. kinaGam guli gamiskda _ maSin moskov-<br />

Si sul axali gamosuli iKo prof. giorgi klimovis wigni<br />

`Склонение имён в картвельских языках в сравнительно-историческом<br />

аспекте~ da me, 22 wlis gogonas, raGa unda mekvlia?!<br />

mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi mamuSavebinebda aTasgvar referats<br />

(gansakuTrebiT akad. n. maris moGvaweobidan) sadisertacio<br />

problemasTan dakavSirebiT. bolos, rogorc iqna, Sevkadre<br />

_ sakandidatosTvis Zalian rTuli Temaa da Tu SeiZleba,<br />

amas momavalSi gavakeTeb, axla ki rame martivi SemirCieT-meTqi.<br />

axlac Tvalwin midgas batoni <strong>arnold</strong>is momnusxveli mzera _<br />

mivxvdi, ar moewona, rom SevSindi, magram ukan ar dauxevia.<br />

`kargiTo, _ miTxra, Tavis droze sagangebod vmuSaobdi<br />

svanuri orfuZiani brunebis Seswavlaze (am mizniT svaneTSic<br />

araerTxel vKofilvar), magram Semdeg aucilebeli gaxda xun-<br />

Zur enaze muSaoba da daGestanSi gadavinacvle. miuxedavad imisa,<br />

rom araerTi naSromi Seiqmna, bevri ram mainc gaurkvevelia,<br />

radganac sakiTxia Zalian rTuli, Tanac mTis kavkasiur enaTa<br />

orfuZiani brunebis sistemasTan konteqstSi gansaxilveli. ami-<br />

89

tom mindoda dainteresebuliKaviT misi kvleviT, magram ra gaewKoba?<br />

davelaparakebi varlam Tofurias (batoni varlami Cemi<br />

disertaciis konsultanti iKo) da mere gadavwKvitoT, rogor<br />

moviqceTo~.<br />

erT kviraSi SemTxveviT Semxvda batoni varlami universitetis<br />

foieSi. mivxvdi, rom ukve Kvelaferi icoda, radganac<br />

Soridanve iGimeboda (albaT, gaocebuli iKo, batoni <strong>arnold</strong>is<br />

SerCeul Temaze uari rom vTqvi). vTxove, Tu SeiZleba Zveli<br />

svanuri xalxuri sagaloblebis enas Seviswavli-meTqi. Zalian<br />

gaukvirda _ ki, magram, es ufro rTuli araa, vidre saxel-<br />

Ta brunebao?<br />

ise gavTavxeddi, rom arc erT genioss ar davuJere da mainc<br />

Cemi arCeuli Tema warmovadgine dasacavad _ sxvaTaSoris<br />

vadaze adre, ris gamoc premia davimsaxure.<br />

rogorc Kvela disertanti, Zalian vnerviulobdi dacvis<br />

dGes da samecniero sabyos sxdomaze damagvianda. batoni <strong>arnold</strong>i<br />

Semosula Cvens ganKofilebaSi, albaT SeeSinda, kidev<br />

rame ucnauri ar Camedina. erTianad SeZrulni damxvdnen Tanam-<br />

Sromlebi _ sxdomaTa darbazSi Sesvlamde xelmZGvaneli aucileblad<br />

naxeo. vifiqre, tKavs gamaZrobs-meTqi, magram iciT, ra<br />

miTxra?<br />

_ Sesavali sitKva gind waikiTxeT, gind zepirad TqviT,<br />

oGond oponentebs pasuxi sadme Cauxedavad gaeciT. saerTod ki<br />

imaze nu ifiqrebT, rom disertanti xarTo.<br />

TiTqos arc araferi icoda Cemi dagvianebis Sesaxeb _ am<br />

mxriv araferi uTqvams.<br />

rogorc Cans, dacvis procesma normalurad Caiara, rac<br />

SeetKo kidec samecniero xelmZGvanelis gamosvlas:<br />

_ pativcemul izas Cven saxelTa brunebis damuSaveba davavaleT,<br />

magram amJerad man ratomGac sxva Tema irCia. es saki-<br />

Txi Zalze rTulia _ sadoqtoro disertaciis Tema SeiZleba<br />

iKos da aucileblad unda gakeTdes. Tu Cveni disentanti poeziis<br />

tKveobaSi ar moeqceva, misi mecnieruli keTilsindisiereba<br />

da dGevandeli naSromi safuZvels gvaZlevs vifiqroT, rom<br />

90<br />

misgan rigiani enaTmecnieri dadgebao.<br />

maSin samecniero sabyos swavluli mdivani iKo prof. guram<br />

Tofuria da, bunebrivia, mas unda gaegzavna Sesabamisi oqmi<br />

umaGles saatestacio komisiaSi. xumrobda: `xelmZGvanelis<br />

sitKvebs cotaTi Sevamokleb; aba rusebs rogor mivwero amdeni<br />

ram qalis sindis-namusis Sesaxebo~.<br />

aspiranturaSi swavlis dros SemeZina qaliSvili. JanmrTelobis<br />

mxriv mZime mdgomareoba mqonda (erTi Tve viweqi<br />

saavadmKofoSi) da batoni <strong>arnold</strong>is seminarebze didxans ar<br />

mivsulvar. roca bolosdabolos gamovcxaddi enaTmecnierebis<br />

institutSi, saSinlad Sewuxda, iseTi gaKviTlebuli da gamxdari<br />

viKavi. samkurnalod `fitini~ daminiSna, romelic dGesac ki<br />

farTo satelevizio reklamiT gamoirCeva. samecadinodac Sin<br />

damibara. mkiTxa, ra SualedSi aymevT Tqvens pawia moqalaqeso,<br />

da im periodSi vmuSaobdiT xolme erTad Zvel qarTulSi, palimfsestur<br />

teqstebze. KovelTvis saaTi hqonda daniSnuli.<br />

ise gaverTobodi saseminaro saqmianobiT, rom erTaderTi Svili<br />

zogJer aGarc maxsovda, baton <strong>arnold</strong>s ki Cemi Tamriko<br />

arasdros daviwKebia _ axla Cqara gaiqeciT Sin, Torem Tqveni<br />

patara moqalaqe tirils daiwKebso.<br />

sul mekiTxeboda bavSvis ambebs. erTxel mamamiszec mki-<br />

Txa, Tumca Zalze delikaturad, magram ise Sevwuxdi, rom veraferi<br />

vupasuxe (Cemi Svilis mamasTan seriozuli problemebi<br />

mqonda) da saSinlad avqviTindi. uceb momesma magidaze muStis<br />

dartKmis xma.<br />

_ Tqven Jer Zalian axalgazrda xarT da arc ki iciT, Tu<br />

ra rTulia cxovreba! cremlebiT verafers gaxdebiT! mTavaria<br />

far-xmali ar daKaroT!<br />

saubris Tema sruliad Secvala da miambo imis Sesaxeb,<br />

Tu 1941 wlis 22 ivniss rogor iJda dalaqTan daGestnis erTerT<br />

miuval aulSi da araferi icoda omis dawKebaze. ukanaskneli<br />

groSebic iq datova da ris vai-vaglaxiT (fexiT, cxeniT,<br />

urmiT...), baqodan SemovliT, ramdenime dGis mSier-mwKurvalma<br />

Zlivs CamoaGwia TbilisSi. bolos ikiTxa:<br />

91

_ rame materialuri gayirveba xom ar gqoniaT odesme?<br />

_ ara-meTqi _ vupasuxe.<br />

_ hoda, nu geSiniaT, arc momavalSi gagiyirdebaTo.<br />

Zalze merideba, amden adgils rom vikaveb `<strong>arnold</strong> <strong>Ciqobavas</strong><br />

<strong>XIX</strong> sakiTxavebSi~, magram ar SemiZlia ar gavixseno Cveni<br />

bolo Sexvedra:<br />

batoni <strong>arnold</strong>i Zalian avad gaxda _ im mitklisferi<br />

edo, romelSic iwva _ hemoglobini daeca. ratomGac maSin<br />

gawKda C vitamini da `ferumleki~. me da Cemma dam _ prof.<br />

greta CantlaZem mTeli Tbilisi SemovirbineT da raGac saswaulad<br />

viSoveT wamlebi. prof. vaja Sengelias uTqvams misTvis<br />

Kvelaferi.<br />

SewuxebulxarTo _ Zlivs miTxra saTaKvanebelma maswavlebelma.<br />

vgrZnobdi, rom veGar vnaxavdi baton <strong>arnold</strong>s da<br />

gadavwKvite, sikvdilis win mainc meTqva madloba im amagisTvis,<br />

rac man Kvela Tavis mowafeze gaswia.<br />

_ Tqven rom wuxdebodiT xolme CvenTvis-meTqi?<br />

_ es vali iKo, didi vali maswavleblisao...<br />

eh, kidev ramdeni sikeTis gaxseneba SeiZleba am TiTqosda<br />

mkacri adamianis Sesaxeb, magram amaze sxva dros...<br />

m a n a n a C a C a n i Z e<br />

eqstra<br />

stralin<br />

lingvis<br />

gvistu<br />

turi<br />

infor<br />

forma<br />

macia leqsi<br />

sikon<br />

koneb<br />

ebSi<br />

eqstralingvisturi informacia leqsikonSi SeiZleba<br />

warmodgenili iKos orgvarad:<br />

I. sitKva-statiis gansakuTrebul zonaSi,<br />

II. TviT sitKva-statiis korpusSi.<br />

es informacia SeiZleba mocemuli iKos (1) frCilebSi, an<br />

(2) SeiZleba warmoadgendes gansazGvrebis nawils mniSvneloba-<br />

92<br />

Ta ganmartebisas, an (3) SeiZleba sailustracio masalaSi<br />

gvxvdebodes.<br />

eqstralingvisturi (enciklopediuri) informaciis mimar-<br />

Teba lingvisturTan mravalmxriv sainteresoa. erTi mxriv, amgvari<br />

informacia gamoiKeneba sitKvis mniSvnelobis ukeTesad<br />

axsnisaTvis, meore mxriv, igi afarToebs adresatis enciklopediur<br />

codnas obieqtur garesamKaroze. eqstralingvisturi informaciis<br />

moculoba da xasiaTi ganisazGvreba leqsikonis tipiT.<br />

amgvari informaciis CarTvas ganmartebiT, TargmniT Tu<br />

ideografiul leqsikonebSi ganapirobebs Semdegi faqtorebi:<br />

a) nacionaluri da socialuri realiebi:<br />

b) `samKaros danawevreba~ sxvadasxvagvarad sxvadasxva enis<br />

matarebelTa mier;<br />

g) naklebadcnobili cnebebi (samecn., ist., egzot. da<br />

misT.), romlebic sayiroebs axsnas.<br />

eqstralingvistur informaciaSi gansakuTrebiT yarbobs<br />

denotatiuri tipis sitKvebi (obieqtTa saxelebi), romelTa semantikuri<br />

komponentebi asaxaven aGsaniSni obieqtis Taviseburebebs,<br />

Tumca aseve xSiria leqsika, romelic miiswrafvis signifikaturi<br />

mniSvnelobisken (zmnebi, zedsarTavi da abstraqtuli<br />

saxelebi da sxv.). TiTqmis Kovelgvari obieqti SeiZleba daxasiaTdes<br />

rogorc diaqroniul, ise sinqroniul planSi. amas-<br />

Tan dakavSirebiT eqstralingvisturi informacia leqsikonSi<br />

SeiZleba asaxavdes obieqtis Semdeg aspeqtebs: istorias, saxesxvaobebs,<br />

agebulebasa da Tvisebebs, daniSnulebasa da funqcionirebas.<br />

am niSnebis mixedviT sitKvebis `Semowmeba~ leqsikografs<br />

ubiZgebs moiZios da leqsikonSi CarTos Sesabamisi SesitKvebebi,<br />

axsnebi, citatebi. cxadia, amgvari samuSaoebis Casatareblad<br />

didi mniSvneloba aqvs im masalebs, rac SeiZleba<br />

gamodges leqsikografiul wKarod.<br />

93

m e r a b C u x u a<br />

saer<br />

erTo<br />

Tokav<br />

kavka<br />

kasi<br />

siuri same<br />

meur<br />

urneo Kofa<br />

(Se<br />

Seno<br />

noba<br />

ba-na<br />

nage<br />

gebo<br />

bobe<br />

bebi<br />

bi)<br />

◊ s.-qarTv. *beG<br />

beG-o/beG<br />

beG-el- `beGeli~ (qarT. beG-o, beG-el-i,<br />

zan. baG-u `beGeli~, svan. bG- ←*bG<br />

bG-… `beGeli; pureulis Sesanaxi<br />

didi kidobani~);<br />

◊ s.-nax. *b„<br />

b„-o… `sabrZolo koSki~ (iCq. b„-ou, ing. v„-o…<br />

←*b„<br />

b„-o…, bacb. {b„<br />

b„-ov});<br />

◊ s.-daG. *bet<br />

bet¾-o `farduli~ (xunZ. bot¾, and. bet¾i, axv.<br />

bet¾o, yam. bet¾, tind. bet¾i, kar. bet¾e, boTl. bet¾i, bagv.<br />

bet¾, God. bet¾i; hin. bule, xvarS. bulu, inx. bulu, bej.<br />

bulo; lak. f´al<br />

al, darg. biG);<br />

◊ s.-sind. *ba„<br />

ba„-a `cixe-simagre, farduli~ (afx. a-ba<br />

baa ←*a-ba<br />

ba„a,<br />

abaz. ba„a `cixe-simagre~, Kab. baƒ `farduli~);<br />

◊ hur.-urart. *burG<br />

burG- `koSki~ (urart. burG-ana `koSki~);<br />

◊ s.-qarTv. *cx…en<br />

cx…en- `sxveni; yeri~ (qarT. sx…en-i º sxven-i,<br />

zan. cxvin-i º cxven-i º cxon-i `sxveni, yeri~, svan. cx…en `sxveni~);<br />

◊ s.-nax. *cxar<br />

cxar- `farduli (Senobisa)~ (iCq. cxar, ing. cx–r,<br />

bacb. {cxar<br />

cxar});<br />

◊ s.-daG. *caƒ…ir<br />

aƒ…ir- `beGeli; farduli~ (xunZ. caG…r<br />

`beGeli~, xin. cuƒa `farduli (saqonlis)~, ƒ-sTvis Sdr. Zv.<br />

qarT. sƒuen-i);<br />

◊ hur.-urart. *cxar<br />

cxar-ˆ `damxmare Senoba~ (hurit. i-cxarˆ<br />

`damxmare Senoba, samzareulo~).<br />

◊ s.-qarTv. *wal<br />

wal- `walo, ganJina~ (qarT. wal-o `ganJina~;<br />

`mTxreblis saxeoba~ (saba), zan. ya- sitKvaSi in-ya<br />

`ya~, svan.<br />

yar-r `yebi~);<br />

◊ s.-nax. *wan<br />

wan- `saxli, oTaxi~ (iCq. wa, mr. wen-oS, ing. w– _<br />

wen-–S, bacb. wa _ wen-bu);<br />

94<br />

◊ s.-daG. *w(…)ar<br />

ar- `saxli~ (xunZ. wara-qi, axv. yari<br />

ri-qo `saxli;<br />

oJaxi (Sinaurebi)~; lak. wa `saxli~; xin. w…a `saxli~);<br />

◊ s.-sind. *c…ˆ<br />

c…ˆ- `saxli; sofeli~ (afx. (bzif.) -cʾu `sofeli~,<br />

ubix. c…ˆa `saxli, oTaxi~).<br />

◊ s.-qarTv. *w…ed<br />

w…ed-en- `sveti; kedeli~ (qarT. wvd-en-i `svetis<br />

gverdis mTliani qva~, zan. (megr.) yid-a º yˆd-a ←*yud<br />

yud-a<br />

`tixari~, svan. y…d `kedeli~);<br />

◊ s.daG. *w…e<br />

w…e(r)d- `koSki; qvis figura~ (did. cili<br />

`koSki~;<br />

lak. yu´ "id"; darg. weld<br />

ld-a `saflavis qva~; Tab. yurd,<br />

aG. wud, ruT. wud, arC. wuT `koSki; qvis figura; qvis an-<br />

Za/sveti~).<br />

◊ s.-qarTv. *agur<br />

agur- `aguri~ (qarT. agur-i, zan. (megr.)<br />

ogur<br />

gur-i, sitKvaSi ogur-xinJ-i `agur-xidi~ (top.), laz. engur<br />

gur-i<br />

←*on<br />

ongur<br />

gur-i `aguri~);<br />

◊ s.-nax. *ang<br />

ang(…)ar<br />

ar-i `faifuri~ (iCq. anga<br />

gali<br />

li, ing. angal‹<br />

`sarke, faifuri~, bacb. ankr-a‡o ←*an<br />

angar<br />

gar-a‡o "id");<br />

◊ s.-daG. *amg…a<br />

amg…a- `faifuri~ (lezg. hamga<br />

`broli~, Tab.<br />

hamg, aG. „agu-g `faifuri, sarke~);<br />

◊ s.-sind. *am<br />

amga<br />

ga- `sarke~ (ad. afC<br />

←*afq<br />

fq, Kab. abJ<br />

←*abg<br />

`sarke, mina~).<br />

◊ s.-qarTv. *qal<br />

qal-a `mcire nageboba; karavi~ (qarT. qala<br />

`kar-fanJris CarCo~, zan. (megr.) qolo<br />

`kasri~, svan. (z. sv.)<br />

qel `karavi~);<br />

◊ s.-daG. *qol<br />

qol-a `kar-midamo nagebobebiT~ (xunZ. quli<br />

º<br />

qolo<br />

lo, and. quli<br />

li, axv. qila<br />

la, tind. q½ila<br />

ila, kar. qile<br />

le, bagv.<br />

q½ila<br />

`kar-midamo nagebobebiT~);<br />

◊ s.-sind. *q½al<br />

al-a `qoxi~ (afx. a-q½la<br />

la, abaz. q½ala<br />

ala, ad. C–l½<br />

←*q½alˆ<br />

alˆ, Kab. Cˆl½ ←*q½ˆlˆ<br />

`qoxi~).<br />

95

◊ s.-qarTv. *xal<br />

xal- `cxovreba, saxloba~ (qarT. sa-xl<br />

xl-i º sa-<br />

xel-i `saxli~, zan. o-xor<br />

xor-i `saxli~, xor- `saxloba~, ma-xor<br />

xor-<br />

`mosaxle~);<br />

◊ s.-nax. *-lx<br />

lx- `saxloba~ (iCq. ƒa-lx<br />

lx-ar, ing. ƒa-lx<br />

lx-ar<br />

`gadasaxleba~, bacb. ƒa-lx<br />

lx-ar "id");<br />

◊ s.-daG. *xal<br />

xal- `saxli; farduli~ (xunZ. hor `farduli~,<br />

yam. xal `saxli~; lezg. xal, Tab. xal `saxli~, aG. xal, ruT.<br />

xal, wax. xa… ←*xal<br />

xal, kriw. xal, bud. xal `saxuravi, sxveni~,<br />

arC. xal `bude~, xali<br />

`oJaxi~).<br />

◊ s.-qarTv. *Sen<br />

Sen-/*Sin<br />

Sin- `Seneba; Senoba~ (qarT. Sen-eb-a, Sen-i,<br />

Sin-a `xevsuruli saxlis qvemo sarTuli~, svan. sgir-i º skir-i<br />

`svanuri saxlis qveda sarTuli~);<br />

◊ s.-daG. *sin<br />

sin- `miwebeba, dadeba, daxurva, daketva~ (xunZ.<br />

sede<br />

de-, axv. Sin-, yam. sin-, tind. sin-ih-, kar. sin-, bagv. sin…-,<br />

God. sini<br />

ni; lak. sina<br />

na, darg. da-sn<br />

sn-i; wax. ga-s´an<br />

an, kriw. ƒ´i-sn<br />

sn-,<br />

arC. s´us<br />

us´ˆ-bos).<br />

◊ s.-qarTv. *Kasr<br />

Kasr- `cixe-simagre; samefo saxli~ (Zv. qarT.<br />

kasr-i, zan. (megr.) ‡orS-i º KorS-i `cixe-simagre, koSki~, svan.<br />

KarS (top.));<br />

◊ s.-daG. *Kas<br />

Kas-i `sawoli, Taro~ (darg. Kasi `sawoli~, aG.<br />

Kas, wax. Kas, arC. Kas `Taro~);<br />

◊ s.-sind. *K…aS<br />

K…aS- `mcire nageboba (karviseburi)~ (ad. ƒ…aS<br />

…aS,<br />

Kab. K…aS).<br />

◊ s.-qarTv. *buZ<br />

buZ- `Taro; adgili Zirdadgmuli saxlis karebTan~<br />

(qarT. buZ-o º buZ-u º buZ-e, zan. (laz.) buJ-eJ-i, svan.<br />

buJ-er º bˆJ-er `Taro~);<br />

◊ s.-nax. *boJ<br />

boJ-al- `saJinibo, gomi~ (iCq. buojal<br />

º buoJal<br />

`Tavla~, ing. bej–l º beJ–l ←*b÷Jal<br />

`saJinibo~, bacb. {bo<br />

boJal<br />

Jal});<br />

◊ s.-daG. *boJ<br />

boJ-en- `beGeli~ (xunZ. bejen<br />

`beGeli~; hin. bej,<br />

bej. bej, hunz. bej `Semokavebuli adgil-nageboba cxvarTaTvis~).<br />

◊ s.-qarTv. *lanZ…<br />

lanZ…- `fanJara, urduli~ (Zv. qarT. lanZ…-i<br />

`fanJara~, svan. leJ…r<br />

…r-n-i ←*lerJ…<br />

J…-n-i `urduli~);<br />

◊ s.-daG. *naZ…<br />

naZ…- `kari; fanJara~ (xunZ. nuw´a, and. hinw´u,<br />

axv. i¹w´o, yam. hi¹¬…, tind. hinc´u, kar. hinw´u, boTl. hinw´u,<br />

bagv. hu¹w´, God. hinc´u; did. ac, hin. ac, xvarS. ac, bej. a¹c,<br />

hunz. ˆ¹cu<br />

cu; lak. nuz, darg. unc´a º unZa<br />

`kari~; Tab. uny…<br />

`fanJara~).<br />

96<br />

n u g z a r c e c x l a Z e<br />

floro<br />

roni<br />

nime<br />

mebi SavSe<br />

SeTis<br />

topo<br />

poni<br />

nimi<br />

miaSi<br />

SavSeTis toponimiaSi TvalsaCino adgili uyiravs mcenareTa<br />

saxelebisagan momdinare toponimebs.<br />

SavSeTi tKeebiTa da mcenareuli safariT mdidari regionia.<br />

Jer kidev <strong>XIX</strong> saukunis bolos z. yiyinaZe aGniSnavda, rom<br />

`SavSeTSi izrdeba mravalnairi xe, balaxi, Kvavilebi, xexili. aq<br />

xili kargi icis, nametur joli (bjoli) ... modis puri, simindi,<br />

qeri, Gomi, lobio (metad kargi scodnia), kartofili, yarxali,<br />

mwvanileuloba, erTi sitKviT, aqeT kaci rasac dargavs<br />

da daTesavs, Kvelaferi xeirobs, garda brinJisa~. (z. yiyinaZe,<br />

musulmani qarTveloba da maTi soflebi saqarTveloSi, tf.,<br />

1993, 265, 267). ufro adre, 1874 wels, g. Kazbegi werda: `Sav-<br />

SeTis buneba gacilebiT mdidaria. mesaqonleoba da mexorbleoba<br />

aq SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad ganviTardes. SavSeTi awarmoebs<br />

xorbals, romelic baTumis bazarze Karsisas sJobnis. miwis<br />

zGapruli naKofierebis pirobebSi SavSeTi SesaZloa gaxdes<br />

xorblis warmoebis centri~ (g. Kazbegi, sami Tve TurqeTis saqarTveloSi,<br />

baTumi, 1995, 97).<br />

regionis mravalsaxeobiani mcenareuli saxelebi aisaxa<br />

97

toponimebSi. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac toponimad warmodgenilia<br />

pirdapir mcenaris saxeli. e. i. adgilis saxeldeba moxda<br />

metonimiis gziT mag; murKani tKe (kuyeni), lerwa<br />

wami<br />

saTibi (miqeleTi)...<br />

toponimis fuZed aGebulia xe-mcenareuli, kulturuli<br />

da balax-mcenareuli saxelebi:<br />

arKi : arKieTi<br />

Ti, sofl. ubani (zeda sulisi), arKnali<br />

tKe<br />

(weTileTi)...; aski<br />

kili<br />

: aski<br />

kilu<br />

luani<br />

saTibi (manatba)...; bali<br />

:<br />

balva<br />

vana<br />

(← balovana) sofeli (SavSeTi)...; balsu<br />

suka<br />

kana<br />

saTibi<br />

(maCxateTi), balTa<br />

TaxevGele<br />

Gele (Cixori), didbli<br />

blizi<br />

ziri<br />

(←<br />

didi blis Ziri) saTesi (xevwruli)...; bza : bzaTa<br />

sofl. ubani<br />

(wKalsimeri); Sdr. zvani _ sofeli vanis raionSi. vaSli<br />

:<br />

vaSlaT<br />

saTibi (yuarebi), vaSlTaKana<br />

saTesi (axaldaba)...; vena<br />

na-<br />

xi : vena<br />

naxe<br />

xebi<br />

saTesi (svirevani)... amjamad vazi gaSenebulia Sav-<br />

SeT-imerxevis dablob adgilebSi, umetesad mdinareTa gaswriv<br />

mdebare soflebSi. muslimanuri religiis gavrcelebamde es<br />

kultura erT-erTi wamKvani dargi iKo. amas adasturebs sxvadasxva<br />

soflebSi (tbeTi, wiTveTi, ifxreveli...) dGesac SemorCenili<br />

qvis sawnaxlebi. verxvi<br />

xvi: verxvi<br />

xvina<br />

nali<br />

sof. (SavSeTi),<br />

verxvna<br />

xvnala tKe (xevwruli)...; Tela<br />

: TelawKaro<br />

wKaro (ube)...;<br />

TuTa<br />

Ta, igive bjoli º bjola (SavSeTis soflebi cnobilia am<br />

kulturiT `kulturuli mcenareulobidan aq kargad xarobs<br />

TuTis xe~ _ werda g. Kazbegi) : TuTiGele<br />

TiGele Gele (CixvTa)...;<br />

kata<br />

tari<br />

: katarT<br />

saTibi (Jinali), katruani tKe (wKalsimeri),<br />

kate<br />

tero<br />

rova<br />

vani<br />

tKe (svirevani)...; lekis<br />

xe : leknar<br />

narTi<br />

saTibi (zaqieTi),<br />

lekTu<br />

Tuka<br />

kana<br />

tKe (ube)...; msxali<br />

: msxloba<br />

bani<br />

sofeli<br />

(SavSeTi), sxalfi<br />

fila<br />

sof. ubani (svirevani), msxalna<br />

nari<br />

saTibi<br />

(xevwruli), msxalna<br />

nariGele<br />

Gele (xevwruli), sxalTnam<br />

Tnamwuri<br />

saTibi (ifxevli)...; adgilobriv msxlis mravali JiSi xarobs,<br />

maTgan erT-erTi kutala msxalia, romelic fuZed udevs ramdenime<br />

geografiul saxels: kuta<br />

tale<br />

leTi<br />

sof. ubani (svirevani),<br />

kuta<br />

tali<br />

lizi<br />

ziri<br />

(← kutaliZiri, kutalis Ziri) saTesi (manatba),<br />

kuta<br />

tale<br />

lebi<br />

saTesi (xevwruli). velur anu tKis msxals aq, rogorc<br />

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, panta hqvia. dasturdeba<br />

98<br />

toponimi pantis<br />

seri<br />

mTa (iveTi)...; muxa<br />

: muxner<br />

(← muxnari)<br />

tKe (z. sulisi), muxo<br />

xoba<br />

bani<br />

sofeli (SavSeTi)...; nigo<br />

gozi<br />

: nigo<br />

go-<br />

zira<br />

(← nigozizira ← nigozis Zira ← nigozis Ziri) saTibi<br />

(wKalsimeri)...; tKemali<br />

: tKimli<br />

lizi<br />

ziri<br />

(← tKimliZiri ←<br />

tKimlis Ziri ← tKemlis Ziri) saTibi (xevwruli)...; asli<br />

_<br />

`arc erT sxva enaSi xorbleulis am JiSs aseTi saxeli ar ewodeba<br />

da amis gamo es termini namdvil qarTul sitKvad unda<br />

vcnaT~ _ wers iv. JavaxiSvili (saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoria,<br />

I, tf., 1930, 338). naas<br />

asle<br />

levi<br />

saTi<br />

Tibi<br />

(diobani)...; ifqli<br />

qli:<br />

`SavSeTis friad momcem barSi uxvad modis simindi da xorbali<br />

(ifqli)~ _ werda gazeTi `iveria~ 1877 wels, #18, gv. 8<br />

(avtori petre umikaSvili). SavSeTSi, iseve rogorc saqarTvelos<br />

sxva danarCen kuTxeebSi naTes xorbleuls (purs, qers,<br />

yvavs) ZvalTeslurs eZaxian, xolo Semodgomaze naTess _<br />

ifqls, romelic aseTive mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda Zvel qar-<br />

TulSi da aGniSnavda Semodgomis xorbleuls, an saerTod pureuls.<br />

sakvlev regionSi ifql-i Zirisgan ramdenime geografiuli<br />

saxeli aris nawarmoebi, rac migvaniSnebs imas, rom pureulis<br />

es JiSi aq sakmaod gavrcelebuli iKo. ifxrana<br />

(← ifxriana)<br />

saTibi (maCxateTi), ifxrevli<br />

li...; ifxreveli erT-erTi didi<br />

sofelia imerxevSi. `ifxreuli~ º `ifxreveli~ `imerxeulis~<br />

(iqiTa mxaris) saxenacval formad miaCnia i. sixaruliZes (i. sixaruliZe,<br />

SavSeT-imerxevi, baTumi, 1988# 51). vfiqrobT, toponimis<br />

amosavali fuZe aris igive ifqli. analogiuri Zirisaa<br />

toponimi ifxrevani saZovari (sinkoTi)...; seli<br />

: selav<br />

lavri<br />

saTibi<br />

(ifxrevli), nasel<br />

selva<br />

vari<br />

saTesi (bazgireTi), svili<br />

: svire<br />

reva<br />

va-<br />

ni (← svilevani) sofeli (imerxevi)...; qeri<br />

: qerev<br />

revla<br />

saTibi<br />

(weTileTi), qeriKana<br />

tKe (morGeli)...; yili<br />

: yili<br />

lieTi<br />

sazam-<br />

Tro sadgomi (tbeTi), yila<br />

lauri<br />

saZovari (sxlobani)...<br />

floronimebia sakvlevi regionis geografiuli saxelebi:<br />

barde<br />

deTi<br />

saTibi (yinali), brinJva<br />

Jvali<br />

saTesi (weTileTi), bazgi<br />

gi-<br />

reTi<br />

(← baZgireTi) sofeli (imerxevi), naos<br />

ospa<br />

pari<br />

saTesi (xevwruli)<br />

da a. S.<br />

rogorc vxedavT, mcenareuli saxelebi farTod aris<br />

99

warmodgenili regionis geografiul nomenklaturaSi. gvxvdeba<br />

rogorc xe-mcenareuli, aseve kulturuli da balaxeuli mcenareebisagan<br />

momdinare toponimebi.<br />

1. `dawvis~ mniSvnelobiT Zvel qarTulsa da qarTulis<br />

enis rig dialeqtSi dasturdeba sxvadasxvafuZiani sitKvebi:<br />

futK-: ganfutKva `dawva~ nuukue mexistexaman gangkafos,<br />

anu elvaman g a n g f u t K o s [A=92 222r, 21-22).<br />

funtkl-: gadafuntklavs `gadabugavs, gadawvavs, cecxls<br />

waukidebs~ (rayuli).<br />

futkr-: gadafutkravs `gadawvavs~ (imeruli).<br />

zemoaGniSnuli fuZeebis amosavlad migvaCnia futk-, romelic,<br />

Cveni azriT, saerToqarTveluri warmomavlobisaa da Seesabameba<br />

svanuris futk- º fuTk- fuZes. fuTk…‹rd,<br />

futk…‹rd liCed<br />

_ gadabugva, ferflad qceva. eJ Jor<br />

f u t k … ‹ r d a C a d (lSx.) _ is saxli daiferfla).<br />

Zveli qarTulis futK-, dialeqturi funtkl-, futkr-<br />

variantebi ki futk- fuZis fonetikuri cvlilebis Sedegad<br />

unda migveGo.<br />

2. qarTuli enis rig dialeqtSi (qiziKuri, ingilouri,<br />

ayaruli, imerx.) funk- º fung-fuZiani sitKvebi niSnavs `da-<br />

Slas, gafuyebas, arev-darevas~. CvenebianT xuroi urem xan agebs<br />

da xana f u n k a v s (qiziKuri). vin a f u n g a aqa…roba ra<br />

giqnian es, sul tarmataGini gigixdian! (ayaruli).<br />

miGebuli svanuris Semdeg gamoTqmaSi dadasturebuli fink-<br />

fink{…}ild ild ligne<br />

_ nangrevebad qceva; daqucmaceba, damsxvreva.<br />

f i n k … i l d i l ˆ g n d a icxrSi (poez. 224) _ mtveri<br />

idga msxlis fqvilisa (namcecebad eKara msxlis fqvilisagan<br />

gakeTebuli namcxvari).<br />

n i n e l i y o x o n e l i Z e<br />

futk-, funk- fuZe<br />

ZeTa<br />

warmomav<br />

mavlo<br />

lobi<br />

bisa<br />

saTvis<br />

100<br />

vfiqrobT, rom fung- (← funk-) k-s gamjGerebis Sedegia.<br />

funk-s ki SeesatKviseba u → i palataluri umlautis Sedegad<br />

n i n o x a r C i l a v a<br />

saqor<br />

qorwi<br />

wilo sufra da masTan dakav<br />

kavSi<br />

Sire<br />

rebu<br />

buli<br />

zogi<br />

gier<br />

erTi termi<br />

mini samur<br />

murzaKano<br />

zaKanoSi<br />

samurzaKanoSi erTdGiani qorwili icodnen. GamiT imar-<br />

Teboda nadimi, romelic gamTeniisas unda dasrulebuliKo. saqorwilo<br />

sufras emsaxureboda dudko<br />

koCi<br />

(Tavkaci), romelsac<br />

oJaxi irCevda. mis movaleobas sufrisTvis Tvalis devneba<br />

warmoadgenda. igi pasuxs agebda Kovelgvar wvrilmanze (sufris<br />

gawKoba-galamazebiT dawKebuli stumar-maspinZlebis mier sufrasTan<br />

adgilis dakavebiT damTavrebuli). mas emorCileboda<br />

sufris Kvela mosamsaxure, mimtani da meriqife. nadimis<br />

dawKebamde stumar-maspinZels igi iaraGs CamoarTmevda da oJaxis<br />

ufross Caabarebda. warsulSi sufrasTan iaraGiT Jdoma<br />

miuGeblad iTvleboda. es wesi XX saukunis II naxevramde moqmedebda.<br />

Kvela stumari da maspinZeli valdebuli iKo Tavisi iaraGi<br />

oJaxis ufrosisTvis Caebarebina, rasac igi sufris dasasrulamde<br />

inaxavda. iaraGis CamorTmeva stumarmaspinZlobis uZveles<br />

tradicias warmoadgenda, romelic saqarTvelos TiTqmis<br />

Kvela kuTxeSi fiqsirdeba (mowerelia 1984, gv. 26).<br />

samurzaKanoSi sufrasTan daculi iKo sqesobriv-asakobrivi<br />

diferenciaciis principi. sufris erT mxares, marcxniv,<br />

isxdnen qalebi, meore mxares ki, marJvniv, _ mamakacebi. sufras-<br />

Tan Jdomis msgavsi principebi saqarTveloSi arsebobda V saukuneSic,<br />

roca dedakacs ar hqonda mamakacTan `puris yamis~<br />

101

ufleba (curtaveli 1964, gv. 37). arqanJelo lambertis cnobiT,<br />

`qalebi da kacebi sufrasTan cal-calke sxedan~ (lamberti<br />

1938, gv. 48). rogorc Cans, saqme gvaqvs patriarqaluri<br />

oJaxisaTvis damaxasiaTebel wesTan, romelmac droTa ganmavlobaSi<br />

transformacia ganicada.<br />

sufraze lxinis dawKebisas or-sam sadGegrZelos arKiT<br />

dalevdnen. amas gilax<br />

laxva<br />

vama<br />

(urTierTgacnobis sadGegrZelo)<br />

ewodeboda. gilax<br />

laxva<br />

vama<br />

ori sitKvisagan Semdgari zmnaa. gila<br />

rTuli zmniswinia da aGniSnavs mimarTulebas (`mimo~), xolo<br />

xvama<br />

aris locva (qaJaia 2001, gv. 329). amdenad, gilax<br />

laxva<br />

vama<br />

niSnavs<br />

`mimolocvas~. am dros maspinZeli stumarTan alaverds<br />

gadadioda.<br />

Tamadad irCevdnen sufris wesrigis kargad mcodnes da<br />

nadimis xelmZGvanelobis unaris mqone gamocdil adamians, romelsac<br />

sasmelis garkveuli raodenobis miGeba da atana SeeZlo.<br />

Tamada airCevda qalis mSoblebisa da maKrebis ufrosis<br />

mier SerCeul moadgiles, romelic aucileblad qalis maKrebidan<br />

unda KofiliKo. Tamadis mier arCeul pirovnebas saqorwilo<br />

sufraze mopa<br />

pasu<br />

suxe<br />

|| bilba<br />

baSi<br />

ewodeboda.<br />

termini Tama<br />

mada<br />

qarTul KofaSi dGes saKovelTaodaa gavrcelebuli<br />

da niSnavs sufris ufross, sadGegrZeloebis<br />

mTqmels. s. JanaSias azriT, es sitKva kavkasiur enebSi sxvadasxva<br />

mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba da niSnavs mamasaxliss, amorCeuls,<br />

sufris ufross (JanaSia 1968, gv. 136). T. ivelaSvilis dakvirvebiT,<br />

Tamada sufris ufrosi iKo. am sitKvis damkvidrebis<br />

drod saqarTveloSi mas <strong>XIX</strong> saukune miaCnia (ivelaSvili 1995,<br />

gv. 13). n. abakelia wers: `Tamada, cnobili qarTvelologis<br />

k. Smidtis azriT, Cerqezuli sitKvaa da niSnavs `mama ufals~<br />

(abakelia 1997, gv. 146). termin `Tamadis~ sadaurobisa da qar-<br />

Tul KofaSi misi damkvidrebis Sesaxeb saintereso Sexedulebas<br />

aviTarebs g. gociriZe, romelic am sitKvas sparsulidan Semosulad<br />

miiCnevs. Tamadobis instituti Zvelia da warsulidan<br />

modis (gociriZe 1999, gv. 65).<br />

Tamadis paralelurad samurzaKanoSi gamoiKeneba termini<br />

102<br />

tolba<br />

baSi<br />

Si, romelsac igive azrobrivi da funqcionaluri datvirTva<br />

aqvs. `tolumbaSi Turquli sitKvaa da tikis ufross<br />

niSnavs. igi imave mniSvnelobisaa, rac Tamada~ (qarTuli enis<br />

ganmartebiTi leqsikoni 1960, gv. 316). Tamadisa da tolumba-<br />

Sis Sesaxeb Tavisi mosazreba hqonda z. yiyinaZes. `Tamada da<br />

tolumbaSi erekle II-is dros damkvidrebulia. masTan xSirad<br />

modiodnen stumrebi _ Kaenis Svilebi da maT sapativcemulod<br />

imarTeboda sufra. Sekrebili warCinebulni amoirCevdnen sufraze<br />

Kvelaze karg msmels, dasvamdnen muTaqaze. pirvelad mas<br />

unda daelia azarfeSa da saymlis gemoc mas unda gaesinJa. aqedan<br />

aris warmomdgari Tavi<br />

vi-ma<br />

mada<br />

da. tolumbaSic imitom daerqva,<br />

rom aseve zemoxsenebuli piri iKo tole<br />

lebis Tavi<br />

vi, anu sparsulad<br />

`baSi~. (mTawmindeli 1878, #19). termini tolum<br />

lumba<br />

baSi<br />

mTel saqarTveloSia gavrcelebuli, Tumca igi ufro metad<br />

dominirebs megrulSi.<br />

bilba<br />

baSi<br />

mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelos KofaSi dasturdeba.<br />

igi Turquli sitKvaa da niSnavs Tamadis moadgiles, Semwes<br />

(Магазаник 1945:76). samegreloSi tolum<br />

lumba<br />

baSis<br />

Sisa da bilba<br />

ba-<br />

Sis gavrcelebis mizezi TurqeTis gavleniT aixsneba.<br />

tolumbaSsa da bilbaSs erTi kviriT adre afrTxilebda<br />

oJaxis ufrosi. Tamada mTeli kviris ganmavlobaSi marilian<br />

myads yamda, rom mowKureboda da bevri Gvino daelia. tolumbaSs<br />

sufraze naxva<br />

xvawa<br />

wa-s (`Gomis qerqs~) daudebdnen, romelic,<br />

respodentTa gadmocemiT, xels uwKobda msmels Gvinis daleva-<br />

Si. Tu vinme droze adre, lxinis damTavrebamde, adgeboda<br />

sufridan, mas aJarimebdnen da erTi sasmisiT mets asmevdnen,<br />

rasac ontKolaSur<br />

Sur-s (`natalaxars~) uwodebdnen. tolumbaSisa<br />

da bilbaSis lxinidan adre wasvla darCenilis gamarJvebas niSnavda.<br />

rogorc vxedavT, megrul sufraze Gvinis smaSi namdvili<br />

paeqroba imarTeboda. Kvelaze meti Gvinis daleva gmirobis<br />

tolfasi iKo. tolumbaSi, qarTuli sufris tradiciisamebr,<br />

or-sam sadGegrZelos warmoTqvamda, romlis Semdeg nefe-patar-<br />

Zali unda edGegrZelebina. am dros igi moiTxovda sefaSi<br />

SemoeKvanaT axaldaqorwinebulebi, raTa TavianTi kuTvnili ad-<br />

103

gili _ saxa<br />

xaTe<br />

Teco kunTxu<br />

daekavebinaT.<br />

sufraze sadGegrZeloebis sami wKeba icodnen. erT wKeba-<br />

Si ramdenime yiqa Sedioda, xolo meore da mesame wKebas<br />

sadGegrZeloebis raodenoba emateboda. tolumbaSi Tu ver<br />

SemorCeboda lxins, maSin sufras bilbaSi gauZGveboda, magram<br />

es iSviaTad xdeboda. tradiciulad tolumbaSi misTvis gankuTvnil<br />

Kvela sadGegrZelos warmoTqvamda da dalevda. Semdeg<br />

bilbaSic ramdenime sadGegrZelos itKoda da bolo yiqiT pativiscemisa<br />

da sufris kargad gaZGolisaTvis Tamadas adGegrZelebda.<br />

Tu Tamada da bilbaSi funqciebs Tavs kargad gaar-<br />

Tmevdnen, maSin Tamadas, saqorwilo sufris tradiciisamebr,<br />

qorwilSi dakluli saqonlis Tavi, xolo bilbaSs _ beyi<br />

ekuTvnoda. erT-erTis damarcxebis SemTxvevaSi gamarJvebuls<br />

rCeboda saqonlis Tavic da beyic. dasavleT saqarTveloSi wesad<br />

iKo sufraze saqonlis moxarSuli beyis mitana, rasac Tan<br />

axlda Sesabamisi sawebelic, romelic sufris xelmZGvanelebisaTvis<br />

sagangebod mzaddeboda (caiSeli 1884, gv. 156). lamazad<br />

morTuli saqonlis moxarSuli Tavi da beyi Tamadisa da bilbaSis<br />

win ido.<br />

sufra sruldeboda olur-ku<br />

kula<br />

la-Ti, anu `wasasvleli TasiT~.<br />

olu zanurSi niSnavs gzas (Кипшидзе 1914:429). kula<br />

xis patara Tasi iKo, cotaTi gansxvavebuli im sasmisisagan,<br />

romliTac Gvinos miirTmevdnen. `olur kulas~ simGeras qalis<br />

maKrebi wamoiwKebdnen. am dros sadGegrZelos Seusmeloba sircxvilad<br />

iTvleboda.<br />

samurzaKanoSi saqorwilo sufra gamTeniisas unda dasrulebuliKo.<br />

bilba<br />

baSi<br />

sadGegrZeloebs dilamde daamTavrebda,<br />

radgan mas Jer kidev xis totze mJdari dedali Tofis erTi<br />

gasroliT unda Camoegdo da oJaxis diasaxlisisaTvis mierTmia.<br />

c i r a J a n J G a v a<br />

megru<br />

gruli Suri<br />

`su<br />

suli<br />

li~ deri<br />

riva<br />

vateb<br />

tebsa<br />

da kompo<br />

pozi<br />

ziteb<br />

tebSi<br />

Suri<br />

`suli~ megrulSi farTod aris gamoKenebuli derivatebsa<br />

da kompozitebSi.<br />

aGniSnuli sitKvisagan gvaqvs rogorc prefiqsuli, ise<br />

sufiqsuri da prefiqsul-sufiqsuri warmoebis nimuSebi.<br />

prefiqsad no- º na- gamoiKeneba:<br />

no-Suri º na-Suri `dasunTquli (gvelis pirSexebuli)~<br />

sufiqsur warmoebaSi gvxvdeba -am<br />

am, -eT<br />

eT, -el<br />

el, -o sufiqsiani<br />

devrivatebi.<br />

-am<br />

am: Sur-am<br />

am-i `suniani~ (aqedan -ia<br />

sufiqsiT: Suram-ia<br />

`xemKrali~)<br />

-eT<br />

eT: Sur-eT<br />

eT-i `saiqio~<br />

-el<br />

el: Sur-el<br />

el-i `dasunTquli~<br />

-o Sur-o `sula(c)ar...~<br />

sakmaod xSiria Sur- fuZisagan prefiqsul-sufiqsuri<br />

warmoeba.<br />

o _ e º o _ eT: o-Sur-e º o-Sur-eT<br />

eT-i `saiqio~<br />

ma _ al : ma-Sur-al<br />

al-i `damsunTqveli~<br />

na _ a º na _ e: na-Sur-a º na-Sur-e `dasunTquli~<br />

u _ e: u-Sur-e `usulo; usuno~<br />

KuradGebas iqcevs Sur- fuZisagan sxvadasxva afiqsebiT<br />

nawarmoebi erTi mniSvnelobis mqone sitKvebi (sinonimebi): no-<br />

Suri º naSuri º Sureli º naSura º naSure `dasunTquli~ da<br />

SureTi º oSure º oSureTi `saiqio~.<br />

roca Sur- fuZe kompozitis pirveli komponentia, meore<br />

komponenti SeiZleba iKos arsebiTi da zedsarTavi saxelebi,<br />

ufro xSirad _ nazmnari saxelebi:<br />

Sur-guri `suli da guli~ (Sur<br />

Sur-guriT `suliT da guliT~);<br />

u _ e cirkumfiqsiT: uSurgur<br />

gure `usulgulo~).<br />

Sur-kunta `sulmokle~<br />

104<br />

105

Sur-gotebuli `sulwasuli~<br />

Sur-malafu `momakvlavi~<br />

Sur-sanTxo `sunamo~<br />

Sur-ubumu `sulgakmedili~ da sxva.<br />

sainteresoa, rom megrul dialeqtSi, sakuTriv megruli<br />

Sur-is gverdiT, qarTuli dialeqturi wridan SeTvisebuli<br />

sun-ic gvxvdeba sitKvaSi sunTo<br />

Toba<br />

º sunTa<br />

Taoba<br />

`micvalebulis<br />

moxseniebis dGe~: Sdr. dial. sulTa<br />

Taoba<br />

imave mniSvnelobiT (megrulSi<br />

l → n arabunebrivi lT kompleqsis superaciis Sedegad).<br />

Cvenc unda gavCerdeT? (unda iKos: amitom<br />

da sxva);<br />

• Cven bevri ram unda CagvetvirTa, iqidan gamomdi<br />

mdina<br />

nare<br />

re,<br />

rom manqana mxolod ori saaTiT gvaTxoves; (unda iKos:<br />

vina<br />

naidan<br />

da sxva);<br />

• iqidan gamomdi<br />

mdina<br />

nare<br />

re, rom anabeydebi ver aGmovaCineT...<br />

(unda iKos: radga<br />

ganac<br />

da sxva);<br />

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia rekomendaciebi aGniSnul sakiTxTan<br />

dakavSirebiT.<br />

n i n o J o r b e n a Z e<br />

`aqe<br />

aqedan<br />

dan/ iqidan gamomdi<br />

mdina<br />

nare<br />

re~ forma<br />

maTa<br />

umarTe<br />

Tebu<br />

bulo xmare<br />

rebis gamo qarTul<br />

TulSi<br />

Tanamedrove qarTul zepir metKvelebasa (kerZo saubari,<br />

tele da radiogadacemebi) Tu beydviT mediaSi xSirad gvxvdeba<br />

`aqe<br />

aqedan<br />

dan/ iqidan gamomdi<br />

mdina<br />

nare<br />

re~ formebi, romlebmac xmarebidan<br />

gamodevna:<br />

1. amis/imis gamo;<br />

2. ase rom;<br />

3. amitom/imitom, (rom);<br />

4. radgan, radganac;<br />

5. vinaidan;<br />

6. maSasadame da sxva;<br />

magaliTebi:<br />

106<br />

• es sakiTxi iqidan gamomdi<br />

mdina<br />

nare<br />

aris mniSvnelovani...<br />

(unda iKos: imis gamo; imitom<br />

da sxva);<br />

• mas moZGvars veZaxdiT, iqidan gamomdi<br />

mdina<br />

nare<br />

re, rom... (unda<br />

iKos: imitom<br />

tom, rom da sxva );<br />

• mas rom amis gakeTeba ar SeuZlia, aqedan gamomdi<br />

mdina<br />

nare<br />

m a r i n a J G a r k a v a<br />

o_u afiqse<br />

sebi megrul<br />

grulsa<br />

da lazur<br />

zurSi<br />

megrulSic da lazurSic o_u afiqsebiT gaformebuli<br />

zmnuri Zirebi gvxvdeba. megrulSi o_u vnebiTis mawarmoeblebia,<br />

sadac o- sakuTriv vnebiTi gvaris niSania (qarTuli e-s SesatKvisi),<br />

-u ki _ Temis niSani.<br />

o-Cqar<br />

Cqar-u<br />

_ e-Cqar-eb-a<br />

o-natr<br />

natr-u<br />

_ e-natr-eb-a<br />

o-nd<br />

nd-u<br />

_ e-nd-ob-a<br />

aseTi warmoebis vnebiTi lazurSic aris (mag., o-xvew-u-n _<br />

exveweba), Tumca o- prefiqsiani pasivis formebi aq Zalze cotaa.<br />

o_u afiqsebi lazurSi masdars awarmoebs:<br />

o-tkoC<br />

tkoC-u<br />

_ srola<br />

o-qaC<br />

qaC-u<br />

_ dayera<br />

o-GarGal<br />

GarGal-u<br />

_ laparaki, saubari<br />

o_u-Ti nawarmoebi masdarebi megrulSic gvxvdeba. arn.<br />

Ciqobava aGniSnavs, rom yanurisebur masdarebs megruli iKenebs<br />

garkveul gamoTqmebSi: voxvaruq TeSi oyarus<br />

rus, oqimi<br />

minus<br />

nus, oyki<br />

ki-<br />

rus _ vSveli amis wera<br />

raSi<br />

Si, qmnaSi<br />

Si, yraSi<br />

Si... midarTu ogoruSa _<br />

wavida saZebrad (`Zebnad~).<br />

107

megrulSi o- qarTuli sa- prefiqsis SesatKvisia: awarmoebs<br />

daniSnulebis saxelebs (o-qoTom-e _ sa-qaTm-e, o-rz-ol-i<br />

_ sa-gz-al-i) da momavali drois mimGeobas (o-yar-al-i _ da-<br />

sa-wer-i º sa-wer-i, o-Zir-af-al-i _ sa-nax-av-i...).<br />

o- prefiqsis igive funqcia lazurSic dasturdeba:<br />

o-nJie _ sa-wol-i<br />

o-nciru _ sa-cer-i<br />

o-nCinamu _ sacexveli<br />

iseve, rogorc qarTulSi s-, si-, sa-, megrulsa da lazurSi<br />

o- awarmoebs saxelzmnebs.<br />

rac Seexeba -u sufiqss, is Temis niSania (Sdr., keT-eb-a,<br />

tkb-ob-a, Tr-ev-a...), romelic megrulSi masdaris mawarmoebel -<br />

a-s dairTavs, lazurSi ki _ ara. Sdr.:<br />

megr. laz. qarT.<br />

qos-u-a o-qos-u cocxv-a<br />

Gar-u-a o-Gar-u Gar-v-a (da-Gar-v-a)<br />

‡in-u-a o-Kin-u Kin-v-a<br />

masdaris mawarmoebeli -a sufiqsi, _ aGniSnavs arn. Ciqobava,<br />

_ megruls qarTulidan aqvs SeTvisebuli da aqa-iq yanurSic<br />

gvxvdeba (Tqual-a _ Tqma, Surin-a _ SiSi, Tanaf-a _<br />

Teneba).<br />

megrulSic da lazurSic o_u afiqsebs warmoSoba er-<br />

Tnairi aqvT, miuxedavad imisa, rom dGes ZiriTadad sxvadasxva<br />

morfologiur erTeulebs awarmoeben (megrulSi _ vnebiTs,<br />

lazurSi _ masdars).<br />

108

logo

products

Resources

Company

Terms of service
Privacy policy
Cookie policy
Cookie settings
Imprint
Change language
Made with love in Switzerland
© 2024 Yumpu.com all rights reserved

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!