qarTuli xalxuri simRera da
qarTuli xalxuri simRera da
qarTuli xalxuri simRera da
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
637<br />
jon n Sortisi<br />
moia a s<br />
simpsoni<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> i xalxur<br />
alxuri i simRer<br />
imRera a <strong>da</strong> `biTlz<br />
iTlzi~<br />
i~<br />
erTmaneTs s xvdebian<br />
Cven varT avstraliis de<strong>da</strong>qalaqSi, kanberaSi mcxovrebi profesionali<br />
musikosebi. me var moia simfsoni, momRerali/Semsrulebeli/<br />
msaxiobi, es ki jon Sortisia – musikosi, simRerebisa <strong>da</strong> aranJirebebis<br />
avtori, mkvlevari. Cven Sors varT akademiurobisagan. Tu ar CavTvliT<br />
Soreul 60-ian wlebSi gavlil pe<strong>da</strong>gogiur treningebs, profesiuli<br />
saqmianobis praqtikulad yvela aspeqtSi TviTnaswavlebi varT.<br />
Cven aq varT, raTa mogiyveT erTi proeqtis Sesaxeb, romelmac<br />
erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong>aaxlova <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>xalxuri</strong> musika <strong>da</strong> `biTlzebis” Semoqmedeba.<br />
pirvel rigSi, cota ram Cveni arakademiuri warsulis Sesaxeb.<br />
me (moia) gavizarde londonSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c vmuSaobdi maswavleblad <strong>da</strong><br />
socialur muSakad, xolo 30 wlis win ga<strong>da</strong>vsaxldi avstraliaSi,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c muSaoba <strong>da</strong>viwye maswavlebelad <strong>xalxuri</strong> cekvis kompaniaSi,<br />
romelic msoflios mraval qveyanaSi aswavli<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> dgam<strong>da</strong> cekvebs.<br />
me vgrZnobdi, Tu ramdenad <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli iyo erTmaneTTan sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
kulturebis cekva, <strong>simRera</strong> <strong>da</strong> musika, magram yvelaze axlobeli<br />
CemTvis aRmosavleT evropis sasimRero intonaciebi aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. rodesac<br />
pirvelad bulgareTisa <strong>da</strong> makedoniis vokaluri harmoniebi movismine,<br />
vigrZeni rom saxlSi <strong>da</strong>vbrundi, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom Cemi<br />
ojaxis warsulSi srulebiT araferi ar aris iseTi, riTac SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong><br />
ganpirobebul yofiliyo Cemi amgvari <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba. rodesac<br />
SemomTavazes SeverTebodi qalTa sasimRero jgufs, me Tavi<strong>da</strong>n Zalian<br />
avReldi, vinai<strong>da</strong>n praqtikulad bavSvobis mere ar mimReria. ase <strong>da</strong><br />
amgvarad, adreul, 35 wlis asakSi wilad mxv<strong>da</strong> bedniereba, aRmomeCina<br />
Cemi xma. me vmRerodi iseT enebze, romelzec aramc Tu vsaubrobdi,<br />
aramed arc mesmo<strong>da</strong>, smeniT vswavlobdi maT. ucxo niSnebi, SeiZleba<br />
iTqvas, me Seviswavle fexebiT, cekvis meSveobiT.<br />
me (joni) gavizarde sidneiSi, 1 weli <strong>da</strong>vdiodi fortepianoze, skolis<br />
Casaberi sakravebis orkestrSi vukravdi eufoniumze (euphonium),<br />
Semdeg ki gavige `biTlzis” Sesaxeb. maTi musika axali <strong>da</strong> amaRelvebli<br />
iyo, igi CemTvis Rrmad axlobeli aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. me smeniT vswavlobdi<br />
maT simRerebs, vswavlobdi Tu ra akordebs, kiloebs, modulaciebs
638 jon Sortisi <strong>da</strong> moia simpsoni<br />
iyenebdnen isini, maTi simRerebis gavliT veziare stilebis mravalferovnebas<br />
popiTa <strong>da</strong> rokiT <strong>da</strong>wyebuli <strong>da</strong> induri musikiT <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli.<br />
es iyo Cemi musikaluri ganaTleba. skolis <strong>da</strong>mTavrebis Semdeg<br />
3 wlis ganmavlobaSi vmuSaobdi maswavleblad. im dros Tanamedrove<br />
simRerebis nakleboba iyo, me ki mindo<strong>da</strong> isini Cemi moswavleebisTvis<br />
rom meswavlebina. vgulisxmob simRerebs, romlebic warmoaCendnen<br />
bavSvebi samyaros. amitom <strong>da</strong>viwye sabavSvo simRerebis wera, ris Semdegac<br />
male mivatove maswavlebloba <strong>da</strong> aRmovCndi radioSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c vwerdi<br />
musikalur-SemecnebiT radio programebs, romlebic ga<strong>da</strong>icemo<strong>da</strong><br />
mTels qveyanaSi yvela klasSi <strong>da</strong>monataJebuli radio mowyobilobebiT.<br />
es iyo Cemi profesiuli karieris <strong>da</strong>sawyisi. axla, 37 wlis Semdeg<br />
me kvlav profesionali musikosi var. me yovelTvis mivdevdi Cems<br />
interesebs, ramac mapovnina saqmianobis axali sfero. me vakeTeb Souebs<br />
politikisa <strong>da</strong> istoriis Sesaxeb.<br />
Cveni saqmianoba Sesdgeba ori nawilisagan. pirveli nawili ukav-<br />
Sirdeba jonis gatacebas politikiTa <strong>da</strong> istoriiT, xolo meore<br />
nawili _ moias gatacebas msoflios sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveynis musikiTa <strong>da</strong><br />
simReriT. Cveni dRevandeli moxsenebis saTauri aaxlovebs am or<br />
nawils.<br />
1992 wels me (moia) vmonawileobdi adelaidis xelovnebis festivalSi,<br />
romelic SegviZlia miviCnioT avstraliis mTavar saerTa-<br />
Soriso festivalad. me vijeqi <strong>da</strong>rbazSi, rodesac sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva aRnagobis<br />
mamakacTa jgufi avi<strong>da</strong> scenaze <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>iwyo <strong>simRera</strong>. es iyo ansambli<br />
`<strong>qarTuli</strong> xmebi” <strong>da</strong> me ukiduresad gancvifrebuli <strong>da</strong>vrCi maTi<br />
namReris harmoniiTa <strong>da</strong> garSemo mofenili JReradobiT. yvelam kargad<br />
viciT, rom <strong>qarTuli</strong> musika msoflios yvela kuTxeSi Zalian did<br />
interess iwvevs <strong>da</strong> es iyo Cemi pirveli ziareba masTan.<br />
ramdenime wlis Semdeg me ga<strong>da</strong>vedi kanberaSi <strong>da</strong> Camovayalibe ori<br />
adgilobrivi gundi – didi gundi, romelic Sesdgeba <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 50<br />
momRerlisagan <strong>da</strong> ewodeba Worldly Goods <strong>da</strong> mcire ansambli, Semdgari 15<br />
Semsruleblisagan, romelsac ewodeba Can Belto. didi gundi Riaa yvelasaTvis,<br />
maTTvisac, visac smena ara aqvs. gundis wevrebis umravlesobam<br />
ar icis notebi <strong>da</strong> ar gaaCnia aranairi Teoriuli codna. me maT<br />
vacnob Cem sayvarel bulgarul, makedoniur, xorvatiul, afrikul <strong>da</strong>,<br />
raTqma un<strong>da</strong>, qarTul simRerebs.<br />
ioseb Jor<strong>da</strong>nia cxovrobs avstraliaSi 1995 wli<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> yvela, visac<br />
odesme raime interesi gamouCenia <strong>qarTuli</strong> simReris mimarT Cvens qveyanaSi,<br />
misi gacnobis survils gamoTqvams. am TvalsazrisiT, arc Cven<br />
viyaviT gamonaklisi. amgvarad, Cvenc SevxvdiT mas, raTa mas konsultacia<br />
gaewia <strong>da</strong> zogierT qarTul <strong>simRera</strong>Si gaesworebina CvenTvis<br />
gamoTqmasa <strong>da</strong> harmoniul wyobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli Secdomebi. am
simRerebs Cven gunds SevaswavlidiT. Cveni Sexvedris dros gavarkvieT,<br />
rom igi CvensaviT gatacebuli iyo `biTlzis” SemoqmedebiT.<br />
yovelive aman ganapiroba Cveni idea Segveqmna performansi, saxelad<br />
`joni, poli, ringo <strong>da</strong> saqarTvelo~, romelmac <strong>da</strong>gvaaxlova<br />
iosebTan <strong>da</strong> mis ansamblTan `oqros sawmisi~. kabares stilis performansi<br />
pirvelad warmovadgineT 2007 wels kanberaSi, erovnul multikulturul<br />
festivalze. Cveni warmodgena mogviTxrobs iosebis <strong>da</strong><br />
moias istorias – erTi maTgani aRizar<strong>da</strong> qarTul musikaze, Semdeg ki<br />
Seuyvar<strong>da</strong> `biTlzebis~ Semoqmedeba, xolo meore, de<strong>da</strong>miwis meore<br />
mxares, aRizar<strong>da</strong> `biTlzebis~ Semoqmedebaze, Semdeg ki Seuyvar<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> musika. orive maTgani sabolood erTsa <strong>da</strong> imave <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis<br />
adgilamde midis, mxolod sruliad gansxvavebuli gzebiT.<br />
Cvens moxsenebaSi gvin<strong>da</strong> mogiyveT polifoniuri musikis ori sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
tipis – <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>xalxuri</strong> <strong>simRera</strong>-sagaloblisa <strong>da</strong> `biTlzis”<br />
musikis saocari Serevis Sesaxeb. Cven SemogTavazebT ramdenime musikalur<br />
magaliTs <strong>da</strong> gaCvenebT, Tu rogor advila<strong>da</strong>a SesaZlebeli<br />
lenonis, makartnisa <strong>da</strong> harisonis simRerebis aJRereba qarTul stil-<br />
Si <strong>da</strong> maTi qarTul <strong>simRera</strong>ze <strong>da</strong>Sreveba.<br />
es ambavi miT ufro gansacvifrebelia, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom<br />
sabWoTa kavSirSi `biTlzis~ musika akrZaluli iyo, vinai<strong>da</strong>n iTvlebo<strong>da</strong>,<br />
rom igi warmoaCens <strong>da</strong>savluri yofis yvela uaryofiT moments.<br />
Cveni pirveli musikaluri magaliTi aris nino cicSvilis mier<br />
aranJirebuli TurqeTSi mignebuli <strong>qarTuli</strong> erTxmiani <strong>simRera</strong> nar<strong>da</strong>nina,<br />
romelsac erwymis jon lenonisa <strong>da</strong> pol makartnis <strong>simRera</strong><br />
Back in the USSR (`<strong>da</strong>bruneba sabWoTa kavSirSi~) (audio mag. 1).<br />
iosebma `biTlzis~ simRerebi pirvelad moismina sabWoTa epoqaSi<br />
akrZalul Canawerebze <strong>da</strong> maSinve Seuyvar<strong>da</strong> isini. mas gagonili<br />
qon<strong>da</strong>, rom es aris xmamaRali, uxeSi <strong>da</strong> xriala musika, magram misi<br />
STabeWdileba am <strong>da</strong>xasiaTebi<strong>da</strong>n sakmaod Sors aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> _ es iyo jon<br />
lenonis <strong>simRera</strong> Girl, mdi<strong>da</strong>ri ulamazesi minoruli melodiiTa <strong>da</strong><br />
amaRlebuli harmoniuli TanxlebiT.<br />
me (moia) <strong>da</strong>vibade londonSi, hiTrous aeroporti<strong>da</strong>n arc ise<br />
Sors. rogorc 60-iani wlebis, rokenrolis xanis axalgazr<strong>da</strong> gogona,<br />
vicnobdi yvela uaxles hits. magram mere gamovi<strong>da</strong> <strong>simRera</strong>, romlis<br />
msgavsic manamde me arasdros momismenia. misi JReradoba axaleburi<br />
iyo, intonireba <strong>da</strong> harmonia Cemi yurisTvis miuCveveli, uxeSi, magram<br />
melodiuri iyo. es iyo lenonis <strong>da</strong> makartnis <strong>simRera</strong> Love Me Do.<br />
rodesac iosebma es <strong>simRera</strong> iswavla, mas miusa<strong>da</strong>ga <strong>qarTuli</strong> simRerisaTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli zogierTi akordi <strong>da</strong>, aseve, ramdenime uSinaarso<br />
marcvali (abadela-s msgavsad), romelic aseve xSirad gvxvdeba<br />
am simRerebSi (audio mag.2).<br />
sainteresoa, ratom aris, rom `biTlzis~ musika ase kargad esa<strong>da</strong>geba<br />
qarTul polifonias? aseve kargad miesa<strong>da</strong>geba igi sxva folk-<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>xalxuri</strong> <strong>simRera</strong> <strong>da</strong> `biTlzi~<br />
erTmaneTs xvdebian<br />
639
640 jon Sortisi <strong>da</strong> moia simpsoni<br />
lorul musikasac? SesaZloa, vinai<strong>da</strong>n igi Seicavs mraval elements,<br />
romelic warmodgenilia msoflios sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kuTxis tradiciul<br />
musikaSi. magaliTad, `biTlzis~ mier Caweril erT-erT pirvel <strong>simRera</strong>Si<br />
Please Please Me mocemulia maRali gabmuli bani, romelic melodiasTan<br />
mimarTebiT warmoqmnis mravalnair intervals, maT Soris<br />
iseT disonanss, rogoricaa patara sekun<strong>da</strong>. gabmuli bani aseve gvxvdeba<br />
jorj harisonis induri zegavleniT Seqmnil <strong>simRera</strong>Si, rogoricaa<br />
Within You Without You, rac Zalian bunebrivia induri musikisaTvis.<br />
`biTlzi~ xSirad iyenebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kilos warmodgenils sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
xalxis, maT Soris, qarTvelTa tradiciul musikaSi. Within You<br />
Without You mimdinareobs miqsolidiur kiloSi, iseve rogorc jon<br />
lenonis <strong>simRera</strong> Norwegian Wood (<strong>simRera</strong>,romelic Sesulia britanuli<br />
klasikuri poeziis anTologiaSi). rogorc cnobilia, miqsolidiuri<br />
kilo erT-erTi centraluria saqarTvelos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kuTxis xalxur<br />
musikaSi. miqsolidiur kilosTan erTad am <strong>simRera</strong>Si gamoyenebulia<br />
maRali burdoni <strong>da</strong> qmnis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis harmoniul intervalebsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> akordebs.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> tradiciuli musikis msgavsad `biTlzis~ musikaSi far-<br />
To<strong>da</strong>a gamoyenebuli Rrma <strong>da</strong> mdi<strong>da</strong>ri harmoniuli struqturebi <strong>da</strong><br />
modulaciebi. biTlzebis simRerebSi amis araerTi magaliTia, maT<br />
Soris pol makartnis Yester<strong>da</strong>y ( F dur-i<strong>da</strong>n D moll-Si ), jon lenonis Julia<br />
(C dur-i<strong>da</strong>n h moll-Si), an modulaciebis foierverki I am the Walrus-Si.<br />
harmoniisa <strong>da</strong> modulaciebis swored aseTi uxvi gamoyeneba aaxlovebs<br />
erTmaneTTan iseT gasxvavebul musikalur stilebs, rogoricaa<br />
Tanamedrove popularuli `biTlzis” simRerebi <strong>da</strong> saukunovani<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> tradiciuli mravalxmiani musika.<br />
magaliTad, <strong>qarTuli</strong> musikis erT-erTi gamorCeuli Tviseba isaa,<br />
rom sxva xalxTa musikisgan gansxvavebiT, masSi gvxvdeba gasaocari<br />
moduliaciebi. amis mSvenieri magaliTi iqnebo<strong>da</strong> `aslanuri mraval-<br />
Jamieri”, araerTi modulaciiT 16 taqtis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
am tradiciis gaTvaliswinebiT,jon lenoni Tavis <strong>simRera</strong>s If I Fell<br />
iwyebs es moll-Si, ga<strong>da</strong>dis D dur-Si, d-moll-Si <strong>da</strong> brundeba Ees moll-Si. yovelive<br />
amis Semdeg igi e moll-isa <strong>da</strong> la dominant akordis gavliT ga<strong>da</strong>dis<br />
D dur-Si <strong>da</strong> es yvelaferi xdeba 8 taqtis ganmavlobaSi (es moll-is patara<br />
7, D, Dflat, h-moll-is patara 7, es moll-is patara 7, D, E patara 7, A7, D).<br />
lenonis <strong>da</strong> makartnis <strong>simRera</strong>Si Drive My Car Cven vxe<strong>da</strong>vT uxeS<br />
disonantur akords, Sedgenils patara seqstisa <strong>da</strong> patara septimisagan<br />
(A,F,G), gamoyenebuls, rogorc myar akords, romelic ramdenjerme<br />
meordeba (mag.1).<br />
es disonansuri harmonia zustad igive formiTaa warmodgenili<br />
qarTul sagalobelSi JamTa <strong>da</strong> welTa (mag. .2).<br />
meore mniSvnelovani msgavseba qarTul <strong>da</strong> `biTlzis” musikas Soris<br />
isaa, rom orive Seqmnilia zepirad <strong>da</strong> notebze Cawerilia mxolod mas
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>xalxuri</strong> <strong>simRera</strong> <strong>da</strong> `biTlzi~<br />
erTmaneTs xvdebian<br />
641<br />
Semdeg, rac isini Seasrules sanoto sistemis mcodne sxva musikosebma.<br />
`biTlzis” <strong>da</strong> <strong>qarTuli</strong> musikis ostaturi <strong>da</strong> originaluri harmonia<br />
momdinareobs Tan<strong>da</strong>yolili musikaluri tradiciisa <strong>da</strong> intuicii<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
orives aqvs garkveuli moulodnelobis elementi <strong>da</strong> iseTi<br />
diapazoni, rac SesaZlebels xdis maT <strong>da</strong>axloebas.<br />
axla warmoidgineT Cveni bedniereba, rodesac aRmovaCineT rom<br />
SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong> lenonis <strong>da</strong> makartnis simReris Help <strong>qarTuli</strong> (guruli)<br />
saferxulo simReris ramdenime glosolaliisa <strong>da</strong> iosebis fantaziis<br />
erTmaneTTan Serwyma (audio mag.3).<br />
`joni, poli, ringo <strong>da</strong> saqarTvelo” idgmeba kanberaSi, hobartSi <strong>da</strong><br />
melburnSi. is Cawerilia avstraliuri samauwyeblo korporaciis<br />
mier <strong>da</strong> ukve gavi<strong>da</strong> erovnuli radios eTerSi. es unikaluri performansi<br />
musikaluri gatacebebis Sesaxeb warmoaCens zogad musikalur<br />
enas <strong>da</strong> kavSirs kulturebs Soris. musika icvleba, rodesac mas xels<br />
kideben msoflios sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kuTxeSi mcxovrebi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi, magram<br />
Cven gvjera, rom musika aris cocxali organizmi, romelic TavisTavad<br />
viTardeba <strong>da</strong> icvleba. Tu <strong>da</strong>vakvirdebiT, rogor eSreveba erTmaneTs<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva musikaluri kultura <strong>da</strong> Seaqvs maTSi axali elementebi,<br />
vnaxavT, rom, erTi mxriv, kvlav mniSvnelovani rCeba maTi originaluri<br />
Tvisebebi, xolo, meore mxriv, iqmneba axali musika.<br />
Cvens gundebSi Cven yovelTvis vcdilobT warmovadginoT sxva<br />
kulturis simRerebi yvelaze auTentikuri variantiT. metad amaRelvebelia,<br />
roca ori radikalurad gansxvavebuli stilis Serevisas vpoulobT<br />
saerTo niSnebs. Cven ar gvgonia, rom aseTi SereviT vakargvinebT<br />
musikas mis raime mniSvnelovan Taviseburebas, orive stili mkafiod<br />
Cans. Cven pativs vcemdiT musikis orive stils <strong>da</strong> SevecadeT SegvenarCunebina<br />
maTi mniSvneloba.<br />
saukunovanma qarTulma xalxurma <strong>da</strong> saeklesio musikam <strong>da</strong> arc<br />
ise Zvelma `biTlzis~ musikam erTmaneTs gauziares Tavisi polifoniisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> harmoniis simdidre <strong>da</strong> Cven es aRvniSneT musikaluri warmodgeniT<br />
“John, Paul, Ringo and Georgia”.<br />
Cven gvin<strong>da</strong> madloba ga<strong>da</strong>uxadoT tradiciuli mravalxmianobis<br />
saerTaSoriso simpoziumis organizatorebs imisaTvis, rom maT mogvces<br />
saSualeba aq, saqarTveloSi TqvenTvis gagveziarebina Cveni avstraliuri<br />
gamocdileba.<br />
gvsurs Cvens moxseneba <strong>da</strong>vamTavroT `biTlzis~ <strong>da</strong> <strong>qarTuli</strong> simReris<br />
kidev erTi hibridiT. esenia <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>simRera</strong> elesa <strong>da</strong> `biTlzis~<br />
A Little Help from My Friends. gansxvavebiT am ukanasknelisagan, romelSic<br />
megobrebisagan mcired <strong>da</strong>xmarebazea saubari, elesaSi, romelic sruldeba<br />
glexebis mier mZime xis moris ga<strong>da</strong>tanisas, saqmis gasakeTeblad<br />
mravali megobris didi <strong>da</strong>xmarebaa saWiro (audio mag. 4).
642<br />
audio magaliTebi<br />
magaliTi 1: `nar<strong>da</strong>nina~ <strong>da</strong> Back in the USSR<br />
magaliTi 2: Love Me Do <strong>da</strong> `abadila~<br />
magaliTi 3: Help <strong>da</strong> guruli `ferxuli”<br />
magaliTi 4: A Little Help from My Friends <strong>da</strong> `elesa~
648<br />
jon Sortisi <strong>da</strong> moia simpsoni. <strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
John Shortis and Moya Simpson. APPENDIX<br />
magaliTi 1. nawyveti lenon-makkartnis simReri<strong>da</strong>n Drive my car<br />
Example 1. Fragment from the Lennon-McCartney song Drive my car<br />
magaliTi 2. nawyveti <strong>qarTuli</strong> sagalobli<strong>da</strong>n `JamTa <strong>da</strong> welTa~<br />
Example 2. Opening of the West Georgian (Gurian) church song Zhamta <strong>da</strong><br />
tselta
jon Sortisi <strong>da</strong> moia simpsoni. <strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
John Shortis and Moya Simpson. APPENDIX<br />
649<br />
magaliTi 3. `megobrebisagan mcire <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT~<br />
Example 3. With a Little Help from Friends
650<br />
jon Sortisi <strong>da</strong> moia simpsoni. <strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
John Shortis and Moya Simpson. APPENDIX<br />
magaliTi 4. `Semiyvare~ <strong>da</strong> `abadelia~<br />
Example 4. Love me do and Abadelia
jon Sortisi <strong>da</strong> moia simpsoni. <strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
John Shortis and Moya Simpson. APPENDIX<br />
651
652<br />
jon Sortisi <strong>da</strong> moia simpsoni. <strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
John Shortis and Moya Simpson. APPENDIX<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
etc.
Change language