msoflio religiebi saqarTveloSi

eligia rogorc cxovrebis, azrovnebisa da Semecnebis forma, zogadad aseganimarteba: igi aris adamianis gareT arsebuli Zalebis anu miRmieri,zebunebrivi, zecnobieri realobis rwmena. imis mixedviT, Tu rogoria es rwmena:ra swamT da rogoria is samyaro, romelic swamT; rogoria formebi, riTac amsamyarosTan urTierToba myardeba, an vin amyarebs am urTierTobas, _ religiisgaregani mxare, e.i. religiuri praqtika, _ kultmsaxureba (igive RvTismsaxureba)ganisazRvreba. ase iqmneba religiuri dogmatika (Teoria, moZRvreba), religiurikulti, religiuri Temi da religiuri ierarqia.rwmenareligiis safuZveli aris rwmena. religias xalxis (sociumis) rwmena warmoSobs.amis gamo rwmena, morwmuneoba da sarwmunoeba religiisa da religiurobissinonimebia.rwmenas Rrma anTropologiuri safuZvlebi aqvs. es is Tvisebaa, romelsac imedsda ndobas vuwodebT. igi adamianis Sinagani bunebis nawilia da ara SeZenili,meoreuli, garedan Semosuli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom rwmena bazisia da ara zednaSeni.es niSnavs, rom rwmena anu rwmenis unari adamianis specifikuri niSania, _ iseTiveZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli anu ganzomileba, rogorc azrovneba, iaraRis keTeba, moraluroba,politikuroba (moqalaqeobrioba). am xuTi ZiriTadi niSnis gareSe (azrovneba,viTarebasTan adaptacia anu iaraRis keTeba, zneoba, sazogadoebrioba dareligiuroba) orfexa, vertikalurad mavali da metyveli arseba adamianad verCaiTvleba. TiToeuli maxasiaTebeli yofierebis gansazRvrul dargs qmnis: azrovneba_ mecnierebas (farTo gagebiT), iaraRis mkeTebloba anu, gnebavT, Tavis dacvisimpulsi _ strategiasa da taqtikas, politikuroba _ pirovnebaTa, koleqtivTa,erTa da saxelmwifoTa urTierTobis nairferovnebas, morali _ eTikas, e.i. qcevisnormebs, rwmena _ religias.CamoTvlili maxasiaTeblebidan ama Tu im pirovnebisaTvis zogi metadaa niSandoblivi,zogi naklebad, magram ar arsebobs adamiani, miT ufro _ sazogadoeba,maTgan erTic rom akldes. es niSnebi erTmaneTzea gadajaWvuli. isini erTmaneTsavseben, erTmaneTs apirobeben da xels uwyoben erTimeoris ganviTarebas, daxvewas,urTierTprogress. iaraRis keTeba anu nebismieri SemoqmedebiTi aqti (TavdacvisaTvisiqneba gankuTvnili, Tu TavdasxmisaTvis, igulisxmeba nebismieri Sroma)TavisTavad da uciloblad gulisxmobs azrovnebas, morals, sazogadoebriobas(zogadad _ garesamyarosTan damokidebulebas) da msoflmxedvelobas, msoflgancdas,religiurobas. aqedan cxadia, rom religiuri gancdebi da ocnebawarmodgenebicxovrebis organuli nawilia. adamiani religiuria mudam da yvelgan.eTnografia ar icnobs iseT sazogadoebas, Tavisufali rom iyos rwmenis ama TuSesavali5

im, Tundac umartivesi, formisagan. da es arcaa gasakviri, radgan rwmenis impulsipirovnebis sulSia Canergili da vlindeba yofierebis nebismier ubanze. sworedam impulsis Sedegia adamianis unari, gaseros miwieri garsi, gaaRwios xilulisamyaros farglebs, ixilos da ganicados miRmieri samyaro anu aRmoaCinosreligiuri faseuloba da WeSmaritebani.imedi da ndoba, rogorc rwmenis sawyisi safexurebi, azrovnebisa da cxovrebis,gnebavT, mecnierebis nebismier dargs, TviT ukiduresad zustsa da racionalursacki, udevs safuZvlad. amis saukeTeso nimuSia amosaval debulebaTa anu aqsiomaTasimravle da TiToeuli Cvenganis damokidebuleba maTdami. moazrovne arseba, razomiTac ar unda iyos igi religiisaken midrekili, ndobas ucxadebs maT, viTarcaTavisTavad cxad da udavo WeSmaritebas, radgan mxolod amgvari ndobissafuZvelzea SesaZlebeli nebismieri logikuri procesis gaRrmaveba, problemebisgadaWra da ama Tu im Tvalsazrisis dasabuTeba.pavle mociquli ambobs: `sasoebiT vcxondebiT~ (rom. 8:25), riTac igi rwmenismniSvnelobas usvams xazs. esaa momavlis, xvalindeli dRis udrtvinveli da uSfoTvelilodini. Cven ar viciT, ra moxdeba xval, ras gvimzadebs ulmobeli bedi, magramgvjera da gvwams misi. da vinc metad sZlevs eWvsa da undoblobas, metadaa igihomo religiosus (rwmenis kaci, religiuri adamiani).pavles zemoxmobili sityvebi ieso qristes Segonebasa da mowodebazea dafuZnebuli:Seni sarwmunoeba gacxovnebs anu gadagarCens Sen! am sityvebiT macxovarmamimarTa widovan dedakacs (luka 8:48), sinagogis winamZRvars (luka 8:50),samariel keTrovans (luka 17:19), SobiTgan brmas (markozi 10:52; luka 18:52), romaelasisTavs (luka 7:9) da bevr sxvas, romlebic masTan rwmeniT movidnen da rwmena argamtyunebiaT. maTgan zogi iudeveli iyo, zogi samarieli, zogi warmarTi (elini).aq, cneba `sarwmunoebis~ qveS, religiur-dogmaturi sistema, e.i. konkretulisarwmunoeba (religia) ar igulisxmeba. ra dogmatur-Teologiuri rwmena, gnebavTmcodneobiTi, gnebavT mWvretelobiTi, unda hqonoda an widovan dedakacs, ansamariel keTrovans, an romael asisTavs? cxadia, aq igulisxmeba da laparakiandobaze, mindobaze, erTgulebaze, erTi sityviT, _ Seuorgulebel sarwmunoebaze,romelic macxovarma mdogvis marcvals Seadara da gviTxra: `Tu geqnebaT mdogvismarcvlis odena rwmena, ubrZaneT am mTas: gadaadgildio, da isic gadaadgildeba,da araferi iqneba SeuZlebeli TqvenTvis~ (maTe 17:20). ase rom, rodesac saxarebaSirwmenis meSveobiT adamianTa gadarCenazea laparaki, mindobis, erTgulebisa dasasoebis simtkice, ueWveloba, gaubzaravi da uxinjo imedi igulisxmeba.6 msoflio religiebi saqarTveloSi

sulireligiis ganuyofeli nawili sulisa da suleTis rwmenaa. cnobilia iseTireligiebi (mag. budizmi, konfucis moZRvreba), sadac Semoqmedi RmerTis idea araa,magram sulis aRiarebisa da sulTa samyaros gancdis gareSe religia ar arsebobs.rwmena, rom materialuri samyaros yvela elements (mcenares, cxovelsa TunivTs) Tav-Tavisi suli da Zala aqvs, keTili an boroti, angelozuri an demonuri,ZiriTadad warmarTobas anu bunebiT religias axasiaTebs. religia, rasac religiasvuwodebT, aseT rwmenebs (fexebis, Tvalebisa da jadoebis `Zalas~) crurwmenebsuwodebs.rodesac sulis Sesaxeb vsaubrobT, unda gavmijnoT, erTis mxriv, stiqiuri daprimitiuli warmodgenebi, rac religiis veluri, TviTnabadi formebis sakuTrebaada, meores mxriv, Teologiuri da filosofiuri Teoriebi, romlebic ganviTarebulida sistemaSi moyvanili religiebis rwmena-warmodgenebs eyrdnoba.religiis pirvelyofili formebisaTvis, rogoricaa fetiSizmi, animizmi, totemizmida magia, zogadad _ warmarToba, niSandoblivia materialuri samyarosa dasulis, sulisa da nivTis, sulisa da sxeulis ganuyofloba. am movlenas, panTeizmisanalogiiT (ix. qv. gv. 9), panpnevmatizmi unda vuwodoT, suli yvelaferSia da suliayvelaferi. rodesac Tayvans vcemT, magaliTad, samariis Tu ierusalimis mTaTasulebs, Tayvans vcemT samariisa da ierusalimis mTebs. ase fiqrobdnen samarielebicda iudevelebic (ioane 4:20), rac maT religiur rwmena-warmodgenebSiwarmarTul elementTa siWarbeze miuTiTebs. rwmena, rom suli mTaSia da mTa sulSi,sulis Sesaxeb warmarTuli rwmenaa. am rwmenas upirispirdeba religiuri rwmena,Camoyalibebuli ieso qristes mier (iqve: 21-23), romlis Tanaxmad WeSmaritiTayvaniscemis sagani arc erTi mTaa da arc meore, aramed TviTTavadi suli, zeciurimama, romelic aris RmerTi _ yoveli sulisa da yoveli arsebis maarsebeli.suli da sxeuliadamiani sami elementisagan Sedgeba: sxeulisagan (berZ. soma, rus. telo),samSvinvelisagan (fsixe, duSa) da sulisagan (pnevma, dux). amdenad, igi erTdrouladaris somaturi, fsiqiuri da pnevmaturi.sulis arsebiTi niSani azrovneba da zneobriobaa, e.i. sikeTis Segnebulad dagaazrebulad qmna. samSvinveli is realobaa, rasac xasiaTs, emocias, znes, instinqtebsvuwodebT, sxeuli ki mxolod materiaa, e.i. arsebaTa uqvemoesi safexuri.suli adamians ciur arsebebTan, RmerTTan da angelozebTan anaTesavebs, samSvinveli_ cxovelebTan, sxeuli _ yvelaferTan, rasac garemomcvel samyaroSivxedavT. adamians adamianobas da pirovnebas (individualobas) suli aniWebs daigi mas am niSniT (pirovnulobiT) cxovelTa samyarosagan gamoarCevs. cxovelebsacSesavali7

aqvT samSvinveli da, maSasadame, ician, adamianebis msgavsad, siyvaruli, siZulvili,SfoTi, simSvide, laquci da sxv. magram ar gaaCniaT cnobiereba, Sesabamisad _TviTkontrolis unari.azrovneba (SemoqmedebiToba) aris elementi, romelsac zogjer, garkveuliazriT, RvTis naperwkals (RvTiur elements) uwodeben. amis safuZvels iZlevabiblia, sadac aRniSnulia: `gamosaxa ufalma RmerTma kaci _ adami _ miwis mtverisaganda STabera mis nestoebs sicocxlis sunTqva da iqca adami cocxal arsebad~(dab. 2:7). sulis RvTiuri warmomavloba (oRond ara im azriT, TiTqos suli RvTisnawilia) aris misi, e.i. adamianis, ukvdavebisa da xorcieli sikvdilis Semdegac kipirovnebis dauSlelobis, individualobis SenarCunebis rwmenis safuZveli. esrwmena, Tavis mxriv, saiqios rwmenas, metic, _ mkvdarTa sxeuliT aRdgomis da saukunocxovrebis rwmenas ganapirobebs.RmerTisulisa da RmerTis ideebi rogorc religiur, ise arareligiur samyaros msWvalavs.gansxvaveba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom religiuri msoflmxedvelobis Tanaxmadisini realurad arseboben, aTeisturi cnobiereba ki maT mxolod Teoriuladwarmosaxavs, _ gonebis, ocnebisa da imedis produqtad miiCnevs.Teologiuri ganmartebis Tanaxmad, RmerTi aris uzenaesi saxeli, aRmatebulTaSoris uaRmatebulesi sityva da cneba, romelsac ukavSirdeba adamis tomis naTelida wmida sasoeba. igi `yovelTa arsTa maarsebeli~, mfarveli da patronia. misimeSveobiT poulobs qveyana axsnas da gamarTlebas, yofiereba _ sazriss. igi gvegulvisSemoqmedad, xiluli da araxiluli samyaros mwed, sanukvar miznad daidealad.RvTismetyveleba (Teologia) farTo gagebiT anu `swavla RvTaebisaTvis da pativiscemisaTvismisisa~ (n. CubinaSvili) aris am ganmartebis ganvrcoba da mecnierulidasabuTebis mcdeloba.mecniereba enisa da eTnosis Sesaxeb (lingvistika da eTnografia) gvarwmunebs,rom uzenaesi cneba RmerTi da misi aRmniSvneli sityvebi damkvidrebulia yvelgan,nebismieri xalxis cnobierebasa da metyvelebaSi. es faqti migvaniSnebs, romuzenaesi arsis cneba da am cnebis aRmniSvneli sityva cnobierebis iseTive organulielementia, rogorc religia (`RmerT~-is etimologia SedarebiT vrclad ix.Cvens wignSi `religiis karibWe~, gv. 22-23).safiqrebelia, rom bunebis mravalsaxeobam da adamianis swrafvam mravalmxrivobisakenpirvelyofili sazogadoebis SegnebaSi RvTaebis erTiani, mTliani saxedaanawevra da bunebis TiToeul movlenas, cxovrebis yovel ubans sakuTari sawyisida mfarveli ganuCina. ase Camoyalibda poliTeizmi (mravalRmerTianoba) da pan-8 msoflio religiebi saqarTveloSi

Teizmi (RmerTisa da bunebis erTianoba, igiveoba). maT sapirispirod aRmocendamonoTeizmi (erTRmerTianoba), dualizmi (ormagoba, ori dausabamo sawyisis, keTilisada borotis, rwmena) da deizmi (bunebisagan RvTis srulad gamijnuloba,absoluturad transcendentuloba). am moZRvrebaTa mixedviT, romelTagan zogireligiur-filosofiur sistemad warmogvidgeba, RmerTi an absoluturad imanenturia,e.i. bunebisagan ganuyofelia (aseTia, magaliTad, induizmi), an absoluturadtranscendenturi, e.i. samyarosagan iseve gamijnuli da Sors mdgomi, rogorc,magaliTad, xelovani naxelavisagan. maT Soris, rogorc zomiereba, dgas Teizmi,romlis Tanaxmad RmerTma ara marto Seqmna yovelive xiluli da araxiluli, arameduyvars Tavisi qmnileba, zrunavs masze da gzadagza ecxadeba kidec. Teisturireligiebi gamocxadebis religiebia. RmerTi samyaros mimarT imanenturicaa datranscendenturic, ris gamoc igi adamians Tavisuflebasac aniWebs da, mzrunvelimamis msgavsad, wvrTnis da sjis kidec. Teizmis, ufro zustad, _ monoTeizmissrulyofili saxe aris triada (erTarseba-samebis dogmati, triadologia), racqristianuli religiis ganuyofeli nawilia.RvTis arsebobis logikur mtkicebas pirvelad vxvdebiT sokrates (469-399) naazrevSi.igi aRniSnavs, rom sulier arsebaTa Semoqmedi gacilebiT maRla dgas poemebisada qandakebebis avtorebze. misi azriT, adamianis organizmis mizanSewonilobada harmoniuloba SeeZlo Seeqmna mxolod umaRles gonebas, radgan SemTxvevamizanSewonilobas ver warmoqmnida.platoni (427-347) amtkicebs, rom realuri samyaro TavisTavad ar arsebobs. masmyofobas idealuri, uzenaesi samyaro aniWebs. iq ideebi ierarqiul sistemas qmnian.am sistemis saTaveSi dgas sikeTis idea, romelic RmerTis ideis identuria. Cvensgaremomcvel samyaroSi SedarebiTi sikeTis arseboba absoluturi sikeTis realurarsebobaze migvaniSnebs. SedarebiTi silamaze, romelsac miwaze vxvdebiT, gvafiqrebinebs,rom arsebobs absoluturi mSveniereba, romelic sruliad Tavisufaliaxorcielisa da grZnobadisagan. es aris mSveniereba TavisTavad, romlisagan iRebsdasabams yovelgvari silamaze, mSveniereba, romelic ucvleli da maradiulia.platonis mowafis, aristoteles (384-322) Sromebi erTi RmerTis arsebobis pirdapirmtkicebas Seicavs. misi azriT, wminda materia mxolod potenciaa da metiaraferi. materia realuri xdeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moZraobs da formasiZens. garSemo yvelaferi moZravia da amave dros mamoZravebelic. verafers vxedavTiseTs, rom mxolod mamoZravebeli iyos. mizezTa rigs sxva mizezTa rigi mihyvebaukan, rac ar SeiZleba dausrulebeli iyos. aucileblad unda arsebobdesZala, romelic amoZravebs da Tavad ar moZraobs. esaa wmida forma, sruli realoba,romelic absoluturad Tavisufalia materiisagan. esaa yovelTa mamoZravebelida Tavad uZravi Zala _ RmerTi (pirvelmamoZravebeli).berZnuli filosofiis miRwevebi aiTvises da ganaviTares romaelebma. maTiSesavali9

skolis TvalsaCino warmomadgenelma, ciceronma, e.w. istoriuli argumentiSeimuSava. yvela drois yvela xalxs swamda da swams RmerTis arseboba. saidangaCnda adamianebis SegnebaSi ganuzomlad aRmatebuli realobis idea? am argument-Tan mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli RvTis arsebobis fsiqologiuri da zneobriviargumentebi.RvTis arsebobis racionalur mtkicebulebebs religiur teqstebSic vxvdebiT.yvelaze Zlier argumentad qveynierebis sidiadesa da silamazes miiCnevdnen: `caniuTxroben didebasa RmrTisasa da qmnulTa xelTa misTasa mouTxrobs samyaro; dRedResa auwyebs sityvasa da Rame Ramesa mouTxrobs mecnierebasa... yovelsa qveyanasaganxda xma maTi da kideTa soflisaTa sityvani maTi~ (fs. 18:2-5). `... uTxres caTasimarTle misi, di ixilon yovelTa erTa dideba misi~ (iqve, 96:6). ase rom, winaswarmetyveldaviTis TqmiT, samyaro anu kosmosi, rogorc erTiani da mTliani organizmi,Tavad RaRadebs Semoqmedze. `Sesaqmis didmSvenierebiT cnaurdeba mizeziqveynierebis arsebobisa~ _ ambobs Zveli aRTqmis epoqis ucnobi sasuliero mweralida mianiSnebs, rom samyaros hyavs mama, romelmac sicocxle yovlisSemZle siyvarulisZaliT Seqmna. amitomac adamianis Tavisufali swrafva sulis uzenaesi moTxovnilebebisaken_ WeSmaritebis Semecneba, sikeTis aRsruleba, dedamiwaze mSvidobisgamefeba da sxva _ yovelgvar Semweobasa da Tanamoqmedebas povebs zecierimamisagan. egeve azri cxadadaa gamoTqmuli axal aRTqmaSi. pavle mociquli asemimarTavs kerpTayvanismcemlebs: `kacno, ras sCadiT? Cvenc Tqvenive msgavsi kacnivarT da gaxarebT Tqven, raTa am cru RvTaebaTagan cocxali RmerTis mimarT moiqceT,romelmac Seqmna ca da miwa, zRva da yvelaferi, rac aris maTSi, da romelmacgardasul TaobebSi neba uboZa yvela xalxs, evloT TavianTi gziT. Tumc umowmebladarasodes dautovebia Tavisi Tavi, qvelmoqmedebda, da gaZlevdaT zecis wvimebsada uxvnayofian alosTavT, da sazrdoTi da sixaruliT givsebdaT gulebs~(saqm. moc. 14:15-17). amave azrs igive mociquli sxvagan ase ayalibebs: RmerTi `samyarosSeqmnidan missav qmnilebebSi cnaurdeba da xiluli xdeba~ (rom. 1:20).empiriuli Semecnebis gziT RvTis arsebobis dasabuTeba filosofiis problemada prerogativaa (morwmuneTa winaSe es amocana ar dgas). amitom racionaluri filosofiisaRorZinebis Jams RvTis arsebobis mtkicebulebis sasargeblod dasavleTevropis bevrma moazrovnem sayuradRebo sityvebi Tqva. maTgan aRsaniSnavia:anselm kenterberieli (1033-1109), Toma aqvineli (1225-1274), dekarte (1596-1650),paskali (1623-1662), bossueti (1627-1694), feneloni (1651-1715), laibnici (1646-1716), niutoni (1643-1727), kanti (1724-1808), hegeli (1770-1831), men de birani (1756-1824) da sxva. amjerad yuradRebas mxolod ramdenimeze SevaCerebT.anselm kenterberieli, aviTarebda ra netari avgustines arguments, aRniSnavda:rogorc madlis sxvadasxva xarisxi gvafiqrebinebs uzenaesi, absoluturi madlisarsebobas, aseve sidideTa sxvadasxva safexurebs usazRvro sididis cnebamde10 msoflio religiebi saqarTveloSi

mivyavarT da bolos, kontigentur da cvalebad qmnilebaTa arseboba gvaiZulebsdavuSvaT uzenaesis, ucvlelis, maradiulis arseboba. igi usazRvro sididecaada usazRvro madlic. esaa RmerTi.dekarte ase msjelobs: me arasrulqmnili arseba var, magram CemSi vitev srulyofilisarsebobis ideas da amdenad iZulebuli var vaRiaro, rom es idea momaniWaarsebam, romelic srulyofilebas flobs da romelsac RmerTi ewodeba. filosofosisfiqriT, adamiani, Tavad sasruli arseba, TavisTavad ver Seqmnida srulyofilebisideas. verc sasruli samyaros kanonebi STaagonebdnen amas. mxolod usasruloarsebas SeeZlo STaenerga misTvis es idea.niutoni ase msjelobda: planetebis moZraoba mxolod mzis mizidulobis ZaliTrom iyos ganpirobebuli, isini mzeze daecemodnen. maT brunviTi moZraobis SesasrulebladRvTis xeli sWirdebaT, romelic biZgs aZlevs planetebis moZraobasorbitis tangensze.aRniSnuli debulebebis arasrulyofileba SeumCneveli ar darCenila. isinikritikis qarcecxlSi gaatares mistikosebma da zogierTma morwmune filosofosmacki. me-18 s-is evropeli moazrovnis ariste hemsterhuis TqmiT, `momavalze,amaRlebulsa da srulyofilze fiqris dros erTi sulismieri amooxvra ufromZafri damtkicebaa RvTis arsebobisa, vidre geometriuli dasabuTeba~.paskalma Seqmna albaTobis originaluri Teoria: adamiani, Tavisi SezRudulibunebis gamo, verasdros ityvis dabejiTebiT, arsebobs Tu ara RmerTi, magram manaucileblad unda miiRos romelime varianti. umjobesia dauSvas, rom arsebobsRmerTi. Tu asea, mas sanukvari netareba moelis, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ki faqtiuradarafers kargavs. `Tuki Cven vcdebiT kidec imaSi, rom qristianobas WeSmaritebadaRviqvamT, TiTqmis arafers vkargavT. ubedureba is iqneba, rom igi sicruedmiviCnioT da amaSi SevcdeT~. misi TqmiT, RvTis arsebobas yvelaze ukeT saswaulebi,biblia da qristianobis istoria asabuTebs.kantma daundoblad gaanadgura yvela manamde arsebuli koncefcia, magram,misive TqmiT, Tu ver davamtkicebT (da verc uarvyofT) RmerTis arsebobas, undavaRiaroT da virwmunoT igi. kanti zneobriv debulebas gvTavazobs: adamiani srulyofisakeniswrafvis da aqvs bunebrivi moTxovnileba, rom srulyofa bednierebasTanSeazavos. marTlac, gonieri arseba bednieri mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iqneba,Tu yvelaferi mis garSemo missave nebasa da survilTanaa SeTanxmebuli. zneobrivadganviTarebuli adamiani ubedurebisa da siRatakis garemocvaSi verafriT iqnebabednieri. bednierebis, srulyofisa da harmoniis warmoqmna mxolod RmerTs ZaluZs.mxolod RvTis rwmena warmarTavs sworad adamianis ltolvas srulyofisaken.`RvTis Ziebis~ gzaze cnobilia sxva argumentebic. SinaarsTa mixedviT isini dajgufebuliaSemdegi saxelwodebebis qveS: kosmologiuri, teleologiuri, onto-Sesavali11

logiuri, istoriuli, zneobrivi, religiuri gamocdilebismieri (ix. Cvens wignSi`religiis karibWe~, gv. 28-29. ufro vrclad _ a.i. osipovis wignSi `ZiriTadiRvTismetyveleba~, gv. 29-60).religiis warmoSobareligiisa da RvTis ideis warmoSobis sakiTxSi Teisturi da aTeisturi TvalsazrisebierTmaneTs mkveTrad upirispirdeba. aTeistebi uaryofen religiuriideebisa da RvTis cnebis adamianSi imanenturad arsebobas. l. foierbaxis (XIX)mtkicebiT, RmerTma ki ar Seqmna adamiani, aramed adamianma Seqmna RmerTi. homosapienss (moazrovne cxovels) Tavidan araviTari religia ar hqonda. es institutiTavisi martivi da rTuli formebiT, aTeistebis mtkicebiT, gvian, 30-40 aTasi wliswinaT, Camoyalibda. adamiani ki cxovelTa samyaros milioni wlis winaT gamoeyo.religiisa da RvTis ideis warmoSobis Sesaxeb ramdenime hipoTeza arsebobs:1) naturalisturi, romelic religiuri cnobierebis aRmocenebis mizezad bunebisdamTrgunvel movlenaTa winaSe adamianis SiSs asaxelebs; 2) animisturi, romlisTanaxmadac sxva (zebunebrivi) samyaros rwmena adamians iseTma fsiqiurma movlenebmagauCina, rogoricaa sizmari da halucinaciebi; 3) socialuri, rom religiuriidealebi, sanatreli samyaros rwmena, TiTqos wuTisoflisagan gawamebuli xalxismxolod primitiuli ocnebebis nayofia.amdenad, xsenebuli hipoTezebis Tanaxmad, Svebismomgvrel da mwyalobel RmerTzerwmenis aRmocenebis mizezi uZvelesi epoqis adamianebis ganviTarebis dabaldoneSi unda veZioT.es Teoriebi, romlebsac `uaryofiT kritikas~ uwodeben, dasabams antikuri epoqidaniRebs (magaliTad, lukreciusi). religiis uaryofiTi kritika sazogadoebaSiyovelTvis arsebobda, magram maT gansakuTrebiT XVI I I -XIX ss-is dasavleT evropelmada rusma e.w. ganmanaTleblebma gauwies propaganda. marTalia, aRniSnulsaukuneebSi da SemdegSic aTeizmi da nihilizmi farTod gavrcelda, magram am faqtmaTeologebsa da idealisturi filosofiis warmomadgenlebs kontargumentebismoZiebisa da damuSavebisaken ubiZga da stimuli apologetikis ganviTarebasmisca. ase rom, `uaryofiTma kritikam~ `dadebiTi kritikis~ aqtivizacia gamoiwvia;zemomoyvanili Teoriebi kritikis qarcecxlSi iqna gatarebuli. mTavari argumentiim WeSmaritebis aRiareba gaxlavT, romlis Tanaxmad, adamiani, miT ufrodabal safexurze mdgomi, ganuzomlad aRmatebul sferos ver warmoidgenda, verganicdida da ver gaiazrebda. veluris SezRuduli goneba, romelic cnebebiT azrovnebasacver axerxebs, srulyofilebis ideas rogor Seqmnida? adamians, racaSinebs, gaurbis kidec. primitiuli xalxebi aRmerTeben ara mtaceblebs, aramedSinaur cxovelebs (Zroxas, spilos).12 msoflio religiebi saqarTveloSi

eligiis warmoSobis Sesaxeb dadebiTi Teoria aseTia:arsebobs RmerTi, romelic adamianze gansakuTrebuli formiT zemoqmedebs.adamians garkveuli pirobebis wyalobiT masTan kontaqtSi Sesvla ZaluZs. cnobilirusi filososofisa da RvTismetyvelis dek. sergei bulgakovis (1871-1944) TqmiT,`religia RvTis gancdis Sedegad warmoiSva~ da es imis gamo gaxda SesaZlebeli,rom religiuroba adamianis ganuyofeli nawilia, rom adamiani rwmenis kacia, romRvTis sityvis mosmenisa da aRqmis unari mas momadlebuli aqvs. sxvadasxva sistemisreligiebisa da religiis istoriis arseboba cxadyofs, rom es unari sxvadasxvaadamianSi da sxvadasxva koleqtivSi sxvadasxva xarisxiTa da doziTaa mocemuli -ise rogorc sxva unarebi: azrovneba, iaraRis mkeTebloba, socialuroba, moraluroba.es sxvadasxvaoba anu am unaris aqtivizaciis xarisxi gansazRvruli faqtorebiTaagapirobebuli. adami samoTxeSi RmerTs manam umzerda, sanam sulieradsufTa iyo. misi STamomavalnic uzenaess zneobrivi da sulieri janmrTelobiskvalobaze Seimecnebdnen. RvTis idea Taobidan Taobas memkvidreobiT gadaecema,magram misi cxovelmyofeloba konkretul adamiansa da sazogadoebazea damokidebuli,kerZod, _ aRzrdaze, ganaTlebaze, garemoebaze da sxva. adamiani maSinxdeba religiuri, rodesac uCndeba survili da piradad mimarTavs RmerTs (Sdr.maTe 7:7-8).religiis genezisi saidumloebiT aris moculi, iseve rogorc warmoSoba enisa,romelic adamianSia, ekuTvnis adamians, iyenebs adamiani, magram mis SeqmnaSi Tavadar an ver monawileobs. istoria ar icnobs periods, romelime xanas, an adgils,Tundac yvelaze miuval da velur mxareSi, enisa da religiis gareSe. undavaRiaroT, rom religia arsebobda sazogadoebis ganviTarebis yovel etapze,yovel formaciaSi, socialur-ekonomikuri wyobis nebismier doneze.religiaTa klasifikaciareligiebis, e.i. zebunebrivi Zalebis rwmenisa da Sesabamisi wes-gangebebis sistemaTaricxvi specialur literaturaSi mkacrad gansazRvruli araa. magaliTad,daismis kiTxva: marTlmadidebloba, kaTolikoba da protestantoba Tav-TavianTiganStoebebiT msoflio religiaTa nusxaSi cal-calke unda iqnan warmodgeniliTu erT erTeulad? religiaTmcodneTa, TeologTa, anTropologTa da sociolog-Ta poziciebi erTmaneTs ar emTxveva. marTlmadidebeli da kaTolike TeologebiTavianTi aRmsareblobebis paralelurad iehovas mowmeebis, adventistebis Tumormonebis moxseniebas ver eguebian da aprotesteben. ris safuZvelze davayenoTerTmaneTis gverdiT, Tundac, induizmi da budizmi? erTi panTeizmia, meore _misticizmi, romelic Semoqmedi RmerTis ideas ar icnobs. egeve iTqmis, vTqvaT,Samanizmisa da islamis, qristianobisa da kriSnaizmis erTsa da imave grafaSiSesavali13

moTavsebis Sesaxeb. ramdenad esadageba maT erTi da igive termini? es Teologebispretenziebia. religiaTmcodneebisaTvis ki zebunebrivi realobis yovelgvarirwmena religiaa.religiaTa dajgufebis sxvadasxva tradicia da kriteriumi arsebobs. pavlemociquli ambobs: `warmarTebi, romelTac rjuli ar gaaCniaT, bunebiT rjulismiersakeTeben~ (rom. 2:14). amiT igi xazs usvams, rom arsebobs 1) bunebiTi rjulianu bunebiTi religia da 2) gamocxadebuli rjuli anu gamocxadebuli religia.`gamocxadebuli rjulis~ qveS mociquli Zvelsa da axal aRTqmas gulisxmobs,magram mocemul kriteriums Tu ganvazogadebT, aseT paralels miviRebT: 1) bunebrivi,TviTnabadi, impulsuri rwmena-warmodgenebi, rasac mociquli TviTrjulseZaxis, da 2) sistemaSi moyvanili, e.i. civilizebuli, kulturuli rwmena-warmodgenebi,romelTac, rogorc wesi, `avtori~ hyavT.bunebiTi religia, rogorc saxelwodeba migvaniSnebs, sarevela balaxs hgavs,romelsac daTesva ar sWirdeba. esaa religiis dabali safexuri, religiurobispirvelyofili anu veluri formebi, rac met-naklebad yvela eTnoss da nebismiersazogadoebas axasiaTebs. esenia:1) animizmi (laT. anima `suli~) _ rwmena, rom yvela sagans aqvs suli;2) fetiSizmi _ usulo sagnebis Tayvaniscema, nivTebis gaidealeba, kerpTayvanismcemloba.`fetiSi~ portugaliuri sityvaa da `gakeTebuls~ niSnavs. ase uwodebdnenportugalieli mogzaurebi sagnebs, romelTac afrikeli aborigenebi Tayvansscemdnen;3) totemizmi _ gvarisa Tu tomis winaprad romelime cxovelis an mcenarisaRiareba (`totemi~ indielTa erT-erTi tomis enaze gvars niSnavs);4) magia _ keTili an boroti Zalebis momadliereba sanacvlos mozRvevis mizniT.magiis ori saxe arsebobs: TeTri da Savi. pirveli keTilia (Selocvebi keTilwarmatebisaTvis),meore _ boroti (Selocvebi gzaTa gamrudebisaTvis).warmarToba (mravalRmerTianoba da kerpTayvanismcemloba) religiurobis, ufrosworad _ spiritualobis CamoTvlil formebs efuZneba. radgan igi bunebiT`ikvebeba~, xolo bunebis arsebiTi niSani cvalebadobaa, warmarTobis Sinagani dagaregani samyaroc cvalebadia. amis saukeTeso magaliTia warmarToba saqarTveloSi,ufro _ qarTuli warmarTuli panTeoni, romlis Sesaxebac Cvens mateaneSinaTqvamia: movida azo, moitana kerpni RmrTad gaci da ga; dadga farnavaz, _ aRmarTakerpi armaz; dadga saurmag _ aRmarTa kerpi _ ainina; mefobda mirvan _ aRmarTadanina; mefobda farnajor _ aRmarTa zaden...religiebis klasifikaciis sxvadasxva sistema arsebobs. yvelaze gavrcelebuliis sistemaa, romelsac safuZvlad qronologiisa da evoluciis principi udevs(primitiulidan Tanamedrove rjulmoZRvrebebamde). am princips emyareba, magaliTad,me-20 s-is amerikeli sociologisa da religiaTmcodnis robert belaxis14 msoflio religiebi saqarTveloSi

sistema, romelSic religiaTa xuTi istoriuli stadiaa gamoyofili: primitiuli,arqauli, istoriuli, adremodernistuli da modernistuli. pirveli moicavsavstraliis aborigenTa misticizms, meore _ polinezielTa da afrikelTa poli-Teizms, mesame _ ZvelebraelTa monoTeizms, meoTxe _ reformaciis epoqis protestantobas,mexuTe _ Tanamedrove religiebs.meore sistema, romelic Tanamedrove religiaTmcodneobaSi aseve gavrcelebulia,ekuTvnis maqs vebers. misTvis amosavalia ori kiTxva: 1) ra aris saWirosikvdilis Semdeg sulis netarebisaTvis? da 2) WeSmarit netarebas amqveynad eziarebasuli Tu imqveynad; xorcSesxmuli kacis Sinagan samyaroSi Tu xorcielisikvdilis Semdeg? pasuxebi, romlebsac sxvadasxva religiaSi vipoviT, oramdedaiyvaneba: cxonebisaTvis saWiroa: a) pasiuri mWvreteloba (misticizmi) dab) nebisyofis aqtiuri marTva (asketizmi); adamiani cxondeba a) amqveynad dab) imqveynad. sakiTxis ase dasmis Sedegad religiebi or nawilad iyofa: aRmosavluri(induizmi, budizmi, konfucianeloba, sintoizmi da sxva) da dasavluri(zoroastrizmi da bibliuri religiebi). magaliTad, aRmosavleTis religiaTaumravlesobis Tanaxmad sulis xsna misticizmis safuZvelzea SesaZlebeli. amisaTvisindusebi meditacias an iogas mimarTaven, budistebi _ gasxivosnebas. dasavleTisreligiebSi wamyvani roli asketizms uWiravs, romelic umaRlesi idealismisaRwevad TviTSewirvas da TviTkontrols miiCnevs.religiuri sistemebis dayofa, cxadia, sxva niSnebiTac SeiZleba. ase magaliTad_ Teisturi da aTeisturi, rogoricaa budizmi. zogierTi specialisti, kerZod,gerhard lenki komunizms, socializms, sabWoTa humanizmsa da, albaT, faSizmsac,religiaTa siaSi aTavsebs (ix. neil smelzeris wigni `sociologia~, gv. 461-476).mTavari kriteriumi, riTac religiaTa klasifikacia xdeba, aris werili, wigni.werilis armqone religiebi igive bunebiTi anu warmarTuli religiebia, romel-Tac Cveulebriv adgilobrivi kultebi ewodebaT. maT upirispirdeba gamocxadebis,werilis, wignis religiebi, romelTac msoflio religiebs vuwodebT.religiuri organizaciebireligiuri organizaciebis kvalifikaciis myari kriteriumi moZebnili araa.Sefasebebi subieqturia da Semfaseblis piradi poziciiT gapirobebuli. saxelmwifosena da Teologiis ena aq erTmaneTs ar emTxveva. Tanamedrove demokratiulisistema da iurisprudencia termins `seqta~ (gaukuRmarTebuli mrwamsisa da ritualismniSvnelobiT) ar icnobs. misTvis yvela religiuri organizacia eklesiaa.magaliTad: sakonstitucio frazaSi `eklesia gamoyofilia saxelmwifosagan~ `eklesiis~qveS nebismieri religiuri organizacia moiazreba _ qristianuli, muslimanuriTu, vTqvaT, warmarTuli.Sesavali15

Tanamedrove sociologi neil smelzeri religiur organizaciebs oTx jgufadyofs: eklesia, seqta, denominacia da kulti.eklesia berZnuli sityvaa da ori mniSvneloba aqvs: Zireuli, pirveladi dameoreuli, gadaazrebiTi. Tavdapirveli da Cveulebrivi azriT igi nebismierirwmenisa da socialuri fenis warmomadgenelTa krebuls (sazogadoebas) aRniSnavs.meoreuli SinaarsiT, e.i. qristianuli Teologiis enaze, eklesia gulisxmobsmorwmuneTa da (da mxolod morwmuneTa) krebuls, sazogadoebas, gaerTianebas. Cvenswored meore Sinaarsi gvainteresebs. eklesiis wevrebi arian rogorc marTali,ise codvili morwmuneebi. maSasadame, eklesia faqtobrivad da realurad Sesabamisiqveynisa da sazogadoebis yvela ubans moicavs. eklesia is religiuri organizaciaa,romelsac mWidro kavSiri aqvs sazogadoebis farTo fenebTan da miswiaRSi moqmedebs. eklesiis arsebiTi niSani aris harmoniuli urTierToba saxelmwifoskulturasTan da tradiciebTan. mniSvneloba ara aqvs, oficialurad rastatusi eqneba mas miniWebuli. eklesia, rogorc wesi, ama Tu im mxaris, erisa TueTnosis ZiriTadi sarwmunoebrivi gaerTianebaa.seqta laTinuri sityvaa da Zireuli SinaarsiT gamoyofas, CamoWras, mokveTasniSnavs, meoreuli azriT _ skolas, mimdinareobas. antikur epoqaSi seqtebs uwodebdnenfilosofiur skolebs, romelTa Sexedulebebi gansxvavdeboda sayovel-Taod aRiarebuli da gaziarebuli moZRvrebisagan. Teologiuri da eklesiologiuripoziciiTac, seqta ewodeba eklesiasTan dapirispirebul organizacias,romelic ugulvebelyofs danarCeni sazogadoebis Rirebulebebs da konfliqtSiaqveynis kulturasa da tradiciebTan.seqtantobis safuZveli aris eresi (mwvalebloba) da sqizma (raskoli). pirvelieklesiis erTian moZRvrebasTan (dogmatTan) dapirispirebas, e.i. axal Teorias,axal Tvalsazriss, wvalebas niSnavs, meore _ kanonikisa da liturgikis, e.i. sarwmunoebrivicxovrebis (praqtikis) wes-gangebaTa safuZvelze aRmocenebul uTanxmoebas,romelic eklesiis gayofiT mTavrdeba (ix. qvemoT `didi sqizma~). seqta,rogorc wesi, eresis niSnebsac Seicavs da sqizmisasac anu eklesiasTan moZRvrebiTacdapirispirebulia da organizaciiTac. radgan seqta winaaRmdegobaSia imsazogadoebasTan, sadac eklesia batonobs, misi wevrebi sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSimetwilad ar monawileoben; emijnebian ganaTlebis sistemas (saxelmwifo saswavleblebs),zurgs aqceven kulturul RonisZiebebs, uars amboben Teatrze, musikaze,sportze da a.S. ase yalibdeba seqtanturi cnobiereba, rac, cxadia, mxolodkonkretuli seqtebis problema ar aris. aseTi cnobiereba eklesiaSic adviladikidebs fexs da mis wiaRSi seqtantur jgufebs ayalibebs, _ seqtantur cnobierebasnergavs. n. smelzeri seqtis klasikur nimuSad `iehovas mowmeebs~ asaxelebs,agreTve _ mormonebs.denominacia laTinuri sityvaa da `gadarqmevas~ niSnavs, meoreuli (religiaT-16 msoflio religiebi saqarTveloSi

mcodneobiTi) azriT ki _ im organizacias, romelic eklesiisa da seqtis Sualedurrgols, e.i. gardamaval safexurs warmoadgens. denominaciebis arsebiTiniSani aqtiuri misioneruli moRvaweobaa, riTac isini erTmaneTs da eklesiaskonkurencias uweven. amis miuxedavad denominaciebi sazogadoebasTan da saxelmwifosTannormalur urTierTobas inarCuneben, Tumca saxelmwifo religiebs arwarmoadgenen. isini qveynis kulturasa da tradiciebTan ise gaSinaurebuli ararian, rogorc eklesiebi, magram, seqtebisagan gansxvavebiT, ar upirispirdebianmaT. magaliTad: Cvens sinamdvileSi, saqarTvelos qristian mosaxleobaSi, miRebulinormaa qelexi, dabadebis dReebi, sadRegrZeloebi RviniT, naTesavebis(meSvide Taobamde) uqorwinebloba da a.S. denominaciebi am normebs icaven, seqtebi_ ugulvebelyofen. n. smelzeris sqemiT, protestantuli denominaciebia: baptistebi,presbiterianelebi, episkopaluri eklesiis wevrebi, meTodistebi, kongregacionalistebida sxva. marTlmadideblur denominaciad staroverebi (ZvelmarTlmadideblebiwvril-wvrili ganStoebebiT) unda CaiTvalon.kulti aseve laTinuri sityvaa da religiur samsaxurs niSnavs. religiaTmcodneobaSiki am terminiT seqtis is saxeoba aRiniSneba, romelic eqstremizmiT daradikalurobiT gamoirCeva da romelsac xSirad totalitaruls eZaxian. misiarsebiTi niSani pirovnebis STanTqmis, individualobis warxocvis da koleqtiurcnobierebaSi gaTqvefis mcdelobaa. amerikaSi aseT seqtebs miekuTvnebian munitebi(`erTobis eklesia~), `qristianuli mecniereba~, `RvTiuri ganaTlebis misia~ dasxva. isini axali wevrebis mozidvisa da SenarCunebis mizniT arazneobriv meTodebsmimarTaven, ris gamoc sazogadoebasTan, saxelmwifosTan, eklesiebTan, denominaciebTanda Cveulebriv seqtebTan konfliqti aqvT; hyavT qarizmatuli (`suliwmidiTmolaparake~) liderebi da TavianT Tavs qarizmatebs eZaxian.religiuri organizaciebi rogorc struqturiT, ise garemosTan mimarTebisTvalsazrisiT cvalebadobis kanons emorCilebian. es niSnavs, rom TiToeul maTgansmocemuli kategoriidan sxvaSi gadasvlis Sansi da SesaZlebloba aqvs. asecxdeboda da xdeba. eklesia, romelic qristem da misma mociqulebma daafuZnes,iudevelTa TvalsawieriT seqta iyo da Tavdapirvelad asec aRiqmeboda. VII s-is20-30-ian wlebSi islamsac seqtad icnobdnen, magram male igi mTeli rigi qveynebisada samefoebis ZiriTad sarwmunoebad iqca. eklesia, romelic 1517 wels luTerisTezisebis safuZvelze Seiqmna (ix. qv. gv. 157), imxanad demoninaciad gamoiyureboda,magram dRes luTeruli eklesia germaniasa da skandinaviis qveynebSi saxelmwiforeligiaa.religiur gaerTianebaTa aRniSnuli tipebi yvela msoflio religiaSi dasturdeba.Sesavali17

saqarTvelo religiebis gzaTSesayarzesaqarTveloSi, misi geopolitikuri realobis gamo, ZvelTaganve erTmaneTssxvadasxva Sinaarsis kultura da religia xvdeboda; adgilobrivi mosaxleobisbunebiTi rwmena-warmodgenebis, _ qvaTa, xeTa, tyeTa Tu mTaTa mistikis paraleluradberZnul-romauli da qanaanur-mesopotamiuri poliTeizmi, e. i. mezobeliqveynebis kerpebi da ritualebi ikafavda gzas. XX s-is vanis, noqalaqevis, mcxeTaarmazisada sxva arqeologiurma aRmoCenebma qarTlisa da kolxeTis teritoriebzerogorc dasavluri, ise aRmosavluri kultebis arseboba daadastura. Cveni winaprebisnawili qristesSobamde monoTeistur da dualistur Teologiasac eziaraiudaizmisa da zoroastrizmis saxiT. savaraudebelia, rom mosaxleobis garkveuliraodenoba, elitaruli sazogadoeba mainc, induizmsa da budizmsac icnobda.sakuTriv qarTuli kultura, rogorc sakacobrio kulturis individi, Ziri-Tadad qristianuli rwmenisa da tradiciis nayofia. marTlmadidebelma sarwmunoebamara marto Cveni qveynis saeklesio warsuli, aramed samoqalaqo istoriacganmsWvala. ver davupirispirdebiT azrs, rom qarTuli eTosis (xasiaTis) da erovnulicnobierebis arteria jvrisa da xatis Tayvanismcemeli religiaa. am saganzemkvlevrebi ar davoben, magram Secdoma iqneba imis Tqma, rom Cveni qveynis kulturis,qarTuli eTnosisa da eTosis Seqmnasa da formirebaSi mxolod da mxolodqristes moZRvreba da misi eklesia monawileobda. saqarTvelos istoria da, metic,qarTuli literatura, folklori da eTnografia aseTi daskvnis saSualebas ariZleva. saqarTveloSi, rogorc Zvel droSi, ise axal droSi sxvadasxva religiuriorganizaciebi moqmedebda da moqmedebs, romlebmac kvali cxovrebis ama Tu imubanze datoves da amJamadac toveben. aq pirvel rigSi zoroastrizmi da islamiigulisxmeba. istoria mowmobs, rom maTi mimdevrebi qarTulenovan Semoqmedebasacmisdevdnen. Tanamedrove eTnografebi bevrs laparakoben zoroastrizmis naSTebzerogorc saqarTvelos mTianeTSi, ise barSi. qarTul mwerlobasa da folklorSiislamis adgili ufro TvalsaCinoa, rasac qvemoT SedarebiT vrclad SevexebiT.saerTo qarTuli kulturis qmnadobaSi wvlili ebraul sinagogebsac SehqondaT.Cveni winaprebi rom indur-tibetur samyarosac icnobdnen, amis Taobaze ZveliqarTuli mwerlobis rogorc naTargmni, ise originaluri Zeglebic metyvelebs.amis nimuSad `balavarianis~ dasaxelebac ikmarebs.SegviZlia davaskvnaT: qarTuli kultura qristianuli kulturaa, magram qarTvelixalxis kulturul-SemoqmedebiT procesSi araqristianuli religiebic monawileobdnen.mkafiod unda iTqvas, rom araqristiani qarTvelebis, ufro sworad,_ rogorc eTniur qarTvelTa, ise eTniurad araqarTvelTa, magram saqarTvelosmkvidrTa, kulturac farTo masStabiT moazrebuli qarTuli kulturis ganuyofelinawilia.18 msoflio religiebi saqarTveloSi

eligia dRevandel saqarTveloSimsoflio religiebi, romelTac warsulSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze umoqmediaT,ama Tu im formiT dResac ganagrZoben moqmedebas. esenia: qristianoba, islamida iudaizmi. maT Sorisaa zoroastrizmi, romlis Soreuli memkvidreni iezidebiarian. maSasadame, saqarTvelo ara marto mravalerovani, aramed mravalkonfesiuriqveyanacaa.viTareba zogadad aseTia: eTniuri qarTvelebis umravlesoba marTlmadideblebiarian. marTlmadideblebi arian osebi, rusebi, berZnebi, agreTve afxazebis,somxebis nawili, udiebi. rogorc qarTvelebis, ise aRniSnul erovnebaTa umciresobakaTolike, protestanti an marginalia. somxebis umravlesoba `somxur samociquloeklesias~ ekuTvnis, romelsac CvenSi xSirad `grigorianuls~ uwodeben.saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis, rogorc eTniuri qarTvelebis, ise eTniurad araqar-Tvelebis anu erovnul umciresobaTa didi ricxvi islams aRiarebs. bolo aTwleulebSimcirericxovani mrevli sxva religiurma mimdinareobebmac gaiCines _kriSnaitebma da bahaitebma.qvemoT yvela xsenebuli religiisa da maTi ganStoebebis Sesaxeb visaubrebT;warmovaCenT TiToeulis dogmatikisa da praqtikis ZiriTad sakiTxebs. yvelazedid adgils qristianobas davuTmobT, romlis wili, vimeorebT, saqarTvelos warsulsada TanamedroveobaSi ganuzomelia.qristianul aRmsareblobebs, romelTac Cveni qveynis warsuli da dRevandelobaicnobs, qvemoT qronologiur-istoriuli TanmimdevrobiT warmovadgenT. jermarTlmadideblobasa da eklesiaTa erTianobis xanaSi aRmocenebul denominaciebzevisaubrebT, Semdeg _ kaTolikobaze, Semdeg _ protestantul eklesiebsa dadenominaciebze da bolos _ marginalur (mindorgare) qristianobaze, raSic, Cveulebriv,seqtebad monaTluli religiuri organizaciebi moiazreba.Sesavali19