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avSvTa <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> <strong>gaSuqeba</strong> <strong>da</strong><strong>mediis</strong> <strong>eTika</strong> saqarTveloSi –situaciuri analizikvleva <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> gaSuqebisas <strong>mediis</strong>eTikisa <strong>da</strong> JurnalistTa profesiulistan<strong>da</strong>rtebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSikvlevis avtori: zviad qoriZekvlevis <strong>da</strong>mkveTi: gaeros <strong>bavSvTa</strong> fondiTbilisi, 20081
s a r C e v i1. Sesavali2. kanonmdebloba <strong>da</strong> <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>sakiTxebis</strong><strong>gaSuqeba</strong> mediaSi3. <strong>mediis</strong> TviTregulirebis meqanizmebi <strong>da</strong><strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> <strong>gaSuqeba</strong> mediaSiI. saqarTveloSi <strong>mediis</strong> TviTregulirebismeqanizmebis Seqmnis istoria <strong>da</strong> arsebuliviTarebis analizi.II. arsebuli profesiuli eTikis kodeqsebis,<strong>mediis</strong> TviTregulirebis sxva meqanizmebismimoxilva <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> gaSuqebisTvalsazrisiT- wyalgamyofi- TviTregulireba- akrZalvebi- Tanxmoba bavSvebis Caweraze <strong>da</strong> maTimonawileoba programebSi- arasrulwlovanTa vinaoba- bavSvebi <strong>da</strong> internetiIII. eTikuri Jurnalistikis problemebi4. qarTuli <strong>mediis</strong> monitoringi (sami Tvismimoxilva)I. bavSvebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveoba- pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis asakis gaaxalgazr<strong>da</strong>veba- <strong>da</strong>naSaulis Tviseba- Zaladobis msxverplniII. arasrulwlovanTa vinaobaIII. bavSvebi <strong>da</strong> ganaTlebaIV. stereotipebi <strong>da</strong> diskriminacia5. Jurnalisturi ganaTleba6. rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi7. interviuebisa <strong>da</strong> Sexvedrebis CamonaTvali8. ganmartebebi2
1. SesavaliqarTuli <strong>mediis</strong> <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli ganviTarebis TiTqmis 20-wlianiistoriis manZilze profesiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong> eTikurinormebis aRiareba iyo mudmivi Si<strong>da</strong>profesiuli diskusiis sagani.wlebis ganmavlobaSi <strong>mediis</strong> warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebi am Temaze xSiradsaubrobdnen rogorc Ria, sajaro konferenciebze, asevearaformalur viTarebaSic, Tumca maT mainc ver moaxerxes <strong>da</strong>dRemde ver Seqmnes profesiuli eTikis iseTi kodeqsi, romelicmisaRebi iqnebo<strong>da</strong> yvela JurnalistisTvis, re<strong>da</strong>qtorisTvis,produserisTvis.faqtebis sizuste, mosazrebaTa balansi, miukerZoebloba ar iyois profesiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi, romelsac iziareb<strong>da</strong> sabWoTaJurnalistika. propagandistuli <strong>mediis</strong>Tvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeliprincipebi bevrma mediasaSualebam memkvidreobiT aiRo <strong>da</strong>dResac aqtualuri gaxa<strong>da</strong>. propagandistuli <strong>mediis</strong>Tvisbunebrivia kliSeebiT azrovneba, faqtebis ganzogadeba (<strong>da</strong> arafaqtebis sizuste <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>mowmeba), rac xels uwyobs kidec axalistereotipebis <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebas sazogadoebaSi. magaliTad gamod<strong>ge</strong>bamediaSi asaxuli antiCinuri ganwyobebi, religiuriSeuwynarebloba aramarTlmadidebelTa mimarT, sainvesticiogaremos gaazreba eTnikur WrilSi (yvelafers epatronebianyazaxebi, arabebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.) <strong>da</strong> bevri sxva ram.stereotipuli azrovneba xels uSlis <strong>mediis</strong>, rogorcdemokratiuli instituciis ganviTarebas.winamdebare kvleva Seexeba <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> <strong>gaSuqeba</strong>s qarTulmediaSi. igi gaeros <strong>bavSvTa</strong> fondis (UNICEF) <strong>da</strong>kveTiTa <strong>da</strong>meTodologiuri <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT ganxorciel<strong>da</strong>. 2008 wlis maisivlisSivestumre saerTo-erovnul <strong>da</strong> adgilobriv gazeTebsa <strong>da</strong>teleradiokompaniebs, Sevagrove informacia eTikuri normebiskrebulsa <strong>da</strong> TviTregulirebis meqanizmebze, agreTve maT miergamoqveynebuli masalebi <strong>bavSvTa</strong> Temaze. vesaubre <strong>mediis</strong>a <strong>da</strong><strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> mkvlevarebs, romelTa mosazrebebi aisaxakidevac kvlevaSi. umTavresad gamoviyene intervius meTodi. yvelamediamenejers, Jurnalistsa <strong>da</strong> mkvlevars, vinc <strong>da</strong>mexmarakvlevis warmoebaSi, gansakuTrebul madlobas vuxdi.kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa, rom:I. qarTul mediaSi dRemde ver Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> erTianiprofesiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi, romelsac Jurnalistebi <strong>da</strong>menejerebi erTnairad scemdnen pativs <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>icavdnen;3
II.III.IV.eTikuri normebis erTiani kodeqsi ar arsebobs. mxolodramdenime mediasaSualebas aqvs Tavisi kodeqsi, romlisaRiareba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva ver hqmnis saTanado aminds;<strong>bavSvTa</strong> sakiTxebs Jurnalistebi ganzogadebuliformulebiT aSuqeben: arasrulwlovnebimediamravalferovnebis gaSuqebis erT-erT Tvisobrivjgufs warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, maTi cxovrebisa Tuqmedebebis gaSuqebisas Jurnalistebma <strong>da</strong> mediasaSualebebmaun<strong>da</strong> gamoiCinon gansakuTrebuli yuradReba;qarTul mediaSi Warbobs stereotipuli midgoma bavSvebismimarT, rac sakmaod rTuli Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis momtania;V. zoga<strong>da</strong>d, stereotipuli azrovneba xels uSlis <strong>mediis</strong>,rogorc demokratiuli instituciis ganviTarebas.2. kanonmdebloba <strong>da</strong> <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> <strong>gaSuqeba</strong>mediaSi1995 wlis 24 agvistos saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo saqarTveloskonstitucia, romelic sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva cvlilebebiTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>matebebiTdRemde moqmedebs. konstituciis 24-e muxli, dRi<strong>da</strong>n misi miRebisa,ar Secvlila.“muxli 24.1. yovel a<strong>da</strong>mians aqvs ufleba Tavisuflad miiRos <strong>da</strong> gaavrcelosinformacia, gamoTqvas <strong>da</strong> gaavrcelos Tavisi azri zepirad,werilobiT an sxvagvari saSualebiT;2. masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi Tavisufalia. cenzura<strong>da</strong>uSvebelia;3. saxelmwifos an calkeul pirebs ara aqvT masobrivi informaciis anmisi gavrcelebis saSualebaTa monopolizaciis ufleba;4. am muxlis pirvel <strong>da</strong> meore punqtebSi CamoTvlil uflebaTaganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia kanoniT SeizRudos iseTi pirobebiT,romlebic aucilebelia demokratiul sazogadoebaSi saxelmwifouSiSroebis, teritoriuli mTlianobis an sazogadoebriviusafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad, <strong>da</strong>naSaulis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad,sxvaTa uflebebisa <strong>da</strong> Rirsebis <strong>da</strong>sacavad, konfidencialura<strong>da</strong>Riarebuli informaciis gamJRavnebis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n asacileblad ansasamarTlos <strong>da</strong>moukideblobisa <strong>da</strong> miukerZoeblobisuzrunvelsayofad.” (1)konstituciis am muxliT umTavresi demokratiuli uflebebigarantirebulia saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqisTvis. raime sxvakanoni, romelic SezRu<strong>da</strong>v<strong>da</strong> am uflebebs, ar miuRiaT.4
2004 wlis 24 ivniss parlamentma miiRo kanoni “sityvisa <strong>da</strong>gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb”. (2) am kanonma gansazRvradefamaciis dekriminalizacia, anu aRar arsebobs sisxlissamarTlis kodeqsSi muxli, romelic ciliswamebisTvis sasjelsiTvaliswineb<strong>da</strong>. marTalia, saqarTveloSi xelisuflebas arasdrosCausvams cixeSi piri ciliswamebisTvis, Tumca es ar niSnavs, romxelisufleba negatiurad ar iyeneb<strong>da</strong> am muxls Tavisufali <strong>mediis</strong><strong>da</strong>saSineblad. ciliswamebisTvis, aseve pativisa <strong>da</strong> RirsebisSelaxvisTvis sasjels amJamad iTvaliswinebs samoqalaqo kodeqsi.axali kanoni ufro farTod ganmartavs, Tu ras niSnavs gamoxatvisTavisufleba; erTmaneTisgan gamijnulia faqtebi <strong>da</strong> azrebi. azriganmartebulia, rogorc SefasebiTi msjeloba, Tvalsazrisi,komentari, agreTve nebismieri saxiT iseTi Sexedulebis gamoxatva,romelic asaxavs romelime pirovnebis, movlenis an sagnis mimarT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas <strong>da</strong> ar Seicavs <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebad an uaryofad faqts.azri absoluturi privilegiiT aris <strong>da</strong>culi.siaxlea isic, rom am kanonma mtkicebis tvirTi mTlianadmosarCelis mxares moaqcia, anu sasamarTloSi sarCelis SetanisasmosarCelea valdebuli amtkicos <strong>da</strong> ara mopasuxe, rom mopasuxisgancxadeba sa<strong>da</strong>voa, laxavs mis pativsa <strong>da</strong> Rirsebas, ar Seesabamebasinamdviles.“sityvisa <strong>da</strong> gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb” kanoni ganmartavs,rom piri pasuxs a<strong>ge</strong>bs mxolod im saidumloebis gamxelisTvis,romlis <strong>da</strong>cvac mas evaleba samsaxureobrivad <strong>da</strong> romlis gamxelaaSkara, pir<strong>da</strong>pir <strong>da</strong> arsebiT safrTxes uqmnis kanoniT <strong>da</strong>culsikeTeebs. Jurnalists saxelmwifo saidumloebis Semcveliinformaciis gavrcelebisTvis sasjeli ar emuqreba. (3)informaciis Tavisuflad miReba <strong>da</strong> gavrceleba konstituciis 24-emuxliT aris garantirebuli. konstituciis miRebi<strong>da</strong>n 4 wlisganmavlobaSi grZeldebo<strong>da</strong> sajaro diskusia informaciisTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, romelic imiT <strong>da</strong>mTavr<strong>da</strong>, rom 1999 wlisivnisSi parlamentma miiRo zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi,romlis mesame Tavi mTlianad informaciis Tavisuflebas exeba. (4)informaciis Tavisuflebis moTxovna vrceldeba yvela saxelmwifoorganoze, TviTmmarTvelobis organoebze, agreTve yvela imorganoze, romelsac saxelmwifom <strong>da</strong>akisra garkveuliuflebamosileba <strong>da</strong> mTlianad, an nawilobriv finansdebiansaxelmwifo biujeti<strong>da</strong>n. kodeqsma yvela es piri, organo Tuorganizacia gaaerTiana erT kategoriaSi – sajaro <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba.sajaro <strong>da</strong>wesebulebam sajaro informacia <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv un<strong>da</strong>gasces. informaciis gacemis maqsimaluri va<strong>da</strong>a 10 dRe.eleqtronuli mediasaSualebebisTvis mauwyeblobis licenziisminiWebis sakiTxi ga<strong>da</strong>cemuli aqvs komunikaciebis erovnul komisias5
(Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad, kanonis Tanaxmad, mas ewodebo<strong>da</strong> komunikaciebismaregulirebeli erovnuli komisia). 2004 wlis 23 dekembersmiRebuli kanoni “mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” (5) ad<strong>ge</strong>ns, rom mxolodkomunikaciebis erovnul komisias SeuZlia miiRos ganacxadebilicenziis miRebis moTxovniT, gamoacxados saTanado konkursi,gasces licenzia <strong>da</strong> marTos igi. kanonis Tanaxmad, licenziebi un<strong>da</strong>aiRon telekompaniebma <strong>da</strong> radiokompaniebma. gazeTebs licenzirebaar sWirdeba – muSaobis <strong>da</strong>sawyebad maT hyofniT registraciasaga<strong>da</strong>saxado samsaxurSi. komunikaciebis erovnuli komisia arissajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri, aris <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli organo <strong>da</strong>Sed<strong>ge</strong>ba 5 wevrisgan.komisia salicenzio ganacxads ar iRebs, Tu dokumentaciaarasrulyofila<strong>da</strong>a ward<strong>ge</strong>nili, Tu igi waradginaadministraciulma organom, administraciuli organos Tanamdebobispirma, administraciul organosTan urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis mqoneiuridiulma pirma, politikurma partiam an politikuri partiisTanamdebobis pirma. yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi komisia ixilavsganacxadebs <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba gamoaqvs konkursis wesiT.komunikaciebis komisias SeuZlia, licenziis mflobels miscesgafrTxileba, <strong>da</strong>akisros jarima, droebiT SeuCeros licenziismoqmedeba <strong>da</strong> miuTiTos, Tu ra <strong>da</strong>rRvevebi aqvs kompaniasaRmosafxvreli. licenziis gauqmebis safuZvelia licenziismflobelis moTxovna, misi gar<strong>da</strong>cvaleba, licenziiT gansazRvrulisaqmianobis droebiT SeCereba zedized 3 TviT an weliwadSi 120dRiT. komisias aseve SeuZlia, gaauqmos licenzia, Tuki licenziismflobeli miTiTebul va<strong>da</strong>Si ar aRmofxvris <strong>da</strong>rRvevebs.jerjerobiT komunikaciebis komisiam mxolod or saerTo-erovnultelekompanias – “imedsa” <strong>da</strong> “kavkasias” SeuCera droebiT licenzia2007 wlis 7 noembers. marTalia, Semdeg Tavadve gaauqma esga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba.“mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” kanoni iTvaliswinebs imasac, romkomunikaciebis komisiam normatiuli aqtis saxiT un<strong>da</strong> miiRos“mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi” (6). kanonis Tanaxmad, komisias kanonisamoqmedebi<strong>da</strong>n 1 (erTi) wlis ganmavlobaSi un<strong>da</strong> mieRo qceviskodeqsi, anu, Tav<strong>da</strong>pirveli monacemebiT, qcevis kodeqsi un<strong>da</strong>mieRoT 2006 wlis 18 ianvramde. 3 weliwadze metia, am kodeqsissxva<strong>da</strong>sxva modifikacia ganixileba komunikaciebis komisiaSieleqtronuli mediasaSualebebis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nelTa monawileobiT,magram kodeqsi jer ar miuRiaT.qcevis kodeqsis moTxovnaTa <strong>da</strong>rRvevis gamo komunikaciebis komisiam,SesaZloa, licenziis mflobel kompanias an sazogadoebrivmauwyebels <strong>da</strong>akisros sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sanqcia: gaafrTxilos,6
<strong>da</strong>ajarimos, SeuCeros licenzia, an gauuqmos licenzia. vinai<strong>da</strong>njer qcevis kodeqsi ar miuRiaT, komunikaciebis komisia ar arisuflebamosili kanonis 71-e muxliT (sanqciebi) gaTvaliswinebulisanqciebi gamoiyenos.detalurad mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis proeqtze visaubrebwinamdebare kvlevis me-3 TavSi.“mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” kanonis mesame Tavi mTlianadsazogadoebriv mauwyeblobas <strong>da</strong> misi saqmianobis reglamentaciaseTmoba. kanonmdeblebma mauwyeblis Sinaarsobriv valdebulebebzesaubrisas kanonis me-16 muxlSi pir<strong>da</strong>pir Caweres:“sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli valdebulia... <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>da</strong> mozardTainteresebis Sesabamisi proporciiT ganaTavsos sabavSvoprogramebi.”aseT sakanonmdeblo normas “mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” kanoni mxolodsazogadoebriv mauwyebels uwesebs. saerTo-erovnulimauwyeblebi<strong>da</strong>n mxolod sazogadoebriv mauwyebels aqvs miRebulisakuTari qcevis kodeqsi, rogorc Si<strong>da</strong> TviTregulirebisdokumenti. mis Sinaarsze detalurad visaubreb kvlevis me-3 TavSi.“mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” kanoni licenziis mqone yvela mauwyebelssavaldebulo wesiT uwesebs ramdenime programul SezRudvas,romelTagan erT-erTi Seexeba <strong>bavSvTa</strong> Tematikas:“ikrZaleba <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>da</strong> mozardTa fizikur, gonebriv <strong>da</strong> zneobrivganviTarebaze mavne zegavlenis momxdeni programebis im drosganTavseba, roca maT mier am programebis naxvis an mosmenis didialbaToba arsebobs” (7).arasrulwlovnebze mavne zegavlenis momxdeni filmebis Cvenebisa <strong>da</strong>nabeWdi produqciis gavrcelebis SezRudvas awesri<strong>ge</strong>b<strong>da</strong> kanoni“mavne zegavlenisagan arasrulwlovanTa <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb”, romelicsaqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo 2001 wlis 28 seqtembers. es kanonisruli saxiT moqmedeb<strong>da</strong> 2006 wlis 29 dekembramde, rodesacparlamentma kanoni<strong>da</strong>n amoiRo misi me-3 Tavi. kanonis amoRebulinawili awesri<strong>ge</strong>b<strong>da</strong> televiziiTa <strong>da</strong> kinogaqiravebiT iseTifilmebis Cvenebas, romelic“Seicavs seqsualuri urTierTobis, Zaladobis, narkotikebis<strong>da</strong>mzadebisa <strong>da</strong> ukanono moxmarebis amsaxvel scenebs.” (8)kanoni<strong>da</strong>n amoRebuli muxlebi gansazRvrav<strong>da</strong> im filmebiskategoriebs, maT aRmniSvnel niSnebsa <strong>da</strong> te;letranslirebis dros,romelsac SeeZlo mavne zegavlenis moxdena mozardebze. kanonisTanaxmad,7
I. filmi, romlis Cveneba SezRudulia 18 wlis asakamde,aRiniSneba ricxviT “18” wrewirSi <strong>da</strong> misi teledemonstrirebaSezRudulia 7-<strong>da</strong>n 24 saaTamde;II. filmi, romlis Cveneba SezRudulia 15 wlis asakamde,aRiniSneba ricxviT “15” wrewirSi <strong>da</strong> misi teledemonstrirebaSezRudulia 7-<strong>da</strong>n 23 saaTamde;III. filmi, romlis Cveneba SezRudulia 12 wlis asakamde,aRiniSneba ricxviT “12” wrewirSi <strong>da</strong> misi teledemonstrirebaSezRudulia 8-<strong>da</strong>n 22 saaTamde;IV. filmi, romlis Cveneba ar izRudeba, aRiniSneba laTinuriasoTi “U” wrewirSi <strong>da</strong> misi teledemonstrireba SeuzRu<strong>da</strong>via.(9)kanoni aseve awesri<strong>ge</strong>b<strong>da</strong> aseTi filmebis Cvenebas kinoTeatrebsa <strong>da</strong>kinovideogaqiravebis qselSi, agreTve mavne zegavlenis momxdeninabeWdi produqciis miwodebas arasrulwlovanTaTvis. JurnalgazeTebi<strong>da</strong> sxva nabeWdi produqcia, romelic Seicav<strong>da</strong> seqsualuriurTierTobis amsaxvel masalas, un<strong>da</strong> mieyi<strong>da</strong>T srulwlovanimoqalaqeebisaTvis mxolod SefuTuli saxiT <strong>da</strong> warweriT“akrZalulia 18 wlamde”.kanonmdeblebma es SezRudvebi kanoni<strong>da</strong>n im motiviT amoiRes, rom ismauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsSi un<strong>da</strong> asaxuliyo. Tumca,sakanonmdeblo valdebulebis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, qcevis kodeqsikomunikaciis komisias jer ar miuRia.es sakanonmdeblo Seusabamoba sazogadoebrivma gaerTianebebmagaasaCivres sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi, romelmac saqmegansaxilvelad miiRo 2007 wlis oqtomberSi.kvlevis momzadebisas konsultaciebi gaviare axalgazr<strong>da</strong> iuristTaasociaciis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebTan. dRes saqarTveloSi 60-ze metisakanonmdeblo aqti moqmedebs, romelic awesri<strong>ge</strong>bsarasrulwlovanTa cxovrebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sferos:I. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi saqarTvelos parlamentma 2007wlis 23 maiss Seitana cvlilebebi, romlis Tanaxma<strong>da</strong>c sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis asakma 14-<strong>da</strong>n 12 wlamde <strong>da</strong>iwia.es cvlileba 2008 wlis 1 ivliss amoqmed<strong>da</strong>;II. “ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa<strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xmarebis Sesaxeb” kanonSi (miRebulia 2006 wlis 25maiss) mTeli Tavi exeba ojaxSi Zaladobisagan arasrulwlovnis<strong>da</strong>cvis specifikur RonisZiebebs;III. a<strong>da</strong>mianiT vaWrobis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebisa <strong>da</strong> trefikingismsxverplTa uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cvas uzrunvelyofs kanoni “a<strong>da</strong>mianiTvaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb” (miRebulia2006 wlis 28 aprils;IV. 2007 wlis 18 dekembers saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo orimniSvnelovani kanoni: “Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb” <strong>da</strong> “mindobiT8
aRzrdis Sesaxeb”, romelic xels Seuwyobs <strong>bavSvTa</strong> ojaxurgaremoSi aRzrdis uflebis ganxorcielebas;V. kanoni “arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa <strong>da</strong> probaciisSesaxeb” (miRebulia 2007 wlis 19 ivniss) iTvaliswinebsprobaciaSi myof arasrulwlovanTa uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cvas;VI. “zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb” kanonis sakmaod bevri muxli icavsmozardebis uflebas, aqtiurad monawileobdnen saswavloprocessa <strong>da</strong> skolis marTvaSi.es <strong>da</strong> sxva mravali kanoni awesri<strong>ge</strong>bs bavSvebisa <strong>da</strong> mozardebiscxovrebas. maTi codna <strong>bavSvTa</strong> sakiTxebze momuSaveJurnalistebisTvis savaldebuloa.3. <strong>mediis</strong> TviTregulirebis meqanizmebi <strong>da</strong><strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> <strong>gaSuqeba</strong> mediaSiI. saqarTveloSi <strong>mediis</strong> TviTregulirebis meqanizmebisSeqmnis istoria <strong>da</strong> arsebuli viTarebis analizigasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi gamomavl gazeTebSixSirad SexvdebodiT aseTi saxis sare<strong>da</strong>qcio ganmartebas:“gazeTi gamodis Tavisufali presis principebiT. re<strong>da</strong>qciis azriSeiZleba ar emTxveodes masalis avtoris mosazrebebs. avtoriTviTon a<strong>ge</strong>bs pasuxs statiaSi gamoqveynebuli faqtebisa <strong>da</strong>cifrebis sizusteze. re<strong>da</strong>qcia pasuxs ar a<strong>ge</strong>bs sainformaciosaa<strong>ge</strong>ntoebis mier mowodebuli informaciis sizusteze, agreTvesareklamo gancxadebebis stilze.”sxva<strong>da</strong>sva modifikaciiT aseTi minawerebi dResac gvxvdeba rogorcsaerTo-erovnul, aseve regionul, adgilobriv gazeTebSi. ammediasaSualebebis xelmZRvanelebi ar ganmartaven, ra arisTavisufali presis principebi, an Tavad ras gulisxmoben amprincipebSi. aseTi sare<strong>da</strong>qcio politika gamoirCevapasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis deficitiT.gazeTebi “droni”, “Svidi dRe”, “kavkasioni” sakuTar gverdebzeperiodulad aqveynebdnen misiis ganacxadebs <strong>da</strong> im eTikur normebs,romelTa erTgulebasac xazs usvamdnen. gacilebiT Sors wavi<strong>da</strong>“dilis gazeTi”, romelmac 1998 wels miiRo kidec sakuTari eTikurinormebis kodeqsi, romelic sruli saxiT gamoaqveyna <strong>da</strong>mkiTxvelebs acnoba is principebi, romelsac gazeTis re<strong>da</strong>qcia, misiTiToeuli TanamSromeli yovelTvis <strong>da</strong>icav<strong>da</strong>. dReszemoCamoTvlili gazeTebi aRar gamodis.9
meti pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>bloba yovelTvis gulisxmobs met pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobas,pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>bloba ki zrdis ndobis xarisxs JurnalistTa saqmianobismimarT rogorc sazogadoebisgan, aseve xelisuflebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n.“sociologiuri kvlevebis Tanaxmad, qarTuli sazogadoeba endobamasmedias, magram es faqtori TavisTavad ar gulisxmobs, romJurnalistebi yovelTvis myarad icaven profesiuli eTikis normebs.imis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, rom eTikis kodeqsi formalurad arsebobs, vera <strong>da</strong>ver moxerx<strong>da</strong> misi “gacocxleba”. mizezi ki is aris, rom arcJurnalistebi <strong>da</strong> arc mediasaSualebebis mflobelebi erTmaneTs arendobian”, (10)_ ambob<strong>da</strong> Jurnalisti ia anTaZe Jurnalistebis profesiul <strong>eTika</strong>zesaubrisas radio “Tavisuflebis” eTerSi 2004 wlis 27 ivniss. samidRiT adre saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo kanoni “sityvisa <strong>da</strong>gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb”. politikosTa TvalsazrisiT, eskanoni sxvaze ukeT <strong>da</strong>icav<strong>da</strong> TiToeuli moqalaqis <strong>da</strong> maT Soris,Jurnalistebis uflebebs sakuTari azris gamoTqmisas,Jurnalistebi ki amave kanonSi ufro met safrTxeebs xe<strong>da</strong>vdnen. iaanTaZis TqmiT,“amieri<strong>da</strong>n gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mieniWeba gamoqveynebulimasalis mimarTebas profesiul <strong>eTika</strong>sTan. meti TavisuflebispirobebSi, TiToeuli mediasaSualeba <strong>da</strong> Jurnalisti Tavad airCevs,rogori tonalobiT gaaSuqos ambavi: sensaciuri elferiT, uxeSigamoTqmebiT Tu argumentebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT.” (11)“formalurad arsebuli eTikis kodeqsi” iyo “<strong>mediis</strong> profesiulistan<strong>da</strong>rtebi”. (12) misi Seqmnis iniciatori iyo arasamTavroboorganizacia “Tavisuflebis instituti” <strong>da</strong> masze xelmowerisceremonia Sedga 2002 wlis maisSi. “stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs” xeli moawereslicenziis mqone mauwyeblebis <strong>da</strong> regionuli <strong>mediis</strong> asociaciaSiSemavali adgilobrivi gazeTebis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebma. saerToerovnuligazeTebi<strong>da</strong>n am dokuments SeuerT<strong>da</strong> mxolod gazeTi “24saaTi”. “<strong>mediis</strong> profesiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis” xelmomwermaorganizaciebma mogvianebiT, 2006 wlis ivlisSi Seqmnes <strong>mediis</strong>TviTregulirebis organo – mediasabWo. am wamowyebas skeptikuradSexv<strong>da</strong> sxva saerTo-erovnuli gazeTebi (“alia”, “rezonansi”, “axaliTaoba”, “jorjian Taimsi”, “xvalindeli dRe”, “asaval-<strong>da</strong>savali”,“kviris palitra”), romelTa warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebma arc “stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs”moawera xeli <strong>da</strong> TviTregulirebis alternatiuli organos –presis sabWos Seqmnis iniciativiT gamovi<strong>da</strong>. es mxoloddeklaraciad <strong>da</strong>rCa <strong>da</strong> am gazeTebs msgavsi organizacia arSeuqmniaT.“<strong>mediis</strong> profesiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis” Camoyalibebas win uZRo<strong>da</strong>“Tavisuflebis institutis” aqtiuri muSaoba <strong>mediis</strong>TviTregulirebis sakiTxebze. am institutma gamosca krebuli10
“<strong>mediis</strong> TviTregulireba <strong>da</strong> Jurnalisturi <strong>eTika</strong>”, romelSicTavmoyrili iyo <strong>da</strong>savleT evropis qveynebis, amerikis SeerTebuliStatebisa <strong>da</strong> kanadis gamocdileba <strong>da</strong> am qveynebSi arsebuli mediaeTikis principebi.meore wigns, romelic aseve “Tavisuflebis institutma” gamosca2004 wels, ewodeba “<strong>mediis</strong> TviTregulirebis qrestomaTia”. eskrebuli ganaTlebis saministrom <strong>da</strong>amtkica <strong>da</strong>mxmaresaxelmZRvanelod umaRlesi saswavleblebis Jurnalistikisfakultetis studentebisTvis. konkretuli saqmeebis ganxilvisgziT, saxelmZRvanelo saSualebas aZlevs momaval Jurnalistebs,praqtikulad gaiazron Jurnalistikis Teoriuli safuZvlebi.krebulis Sesaval werilSi misi Semd<strong>ge</strong>neli <strong>da</strong> re<strong>da</strong>qtori TamarkinwuraSvili wers:“winamdebare qrestomaTia <strong>mediis</strong> angariSvaldebulebis iseT formasSeexeba, rogoric mediasabWoebia. es institutebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvaqveynebSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formiT arseboben, Tumca maTi ZiriTadiprincipi yvelgan erTia – Jurnalistebi, re<strong>da</strong>qtorebi, <strong>mediis</strong>mflobelebi, sazogadoebis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebTan erTad,nebayoflobiT ayalibeben TviTregulirebis organos, romelicsazogadoebasa <strong>da</strong> medias Soris warmoqmnil <strong>da</strong>vebs ixilavs.” (13)saqarTvelos mediasabWo ver aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> aseTi qmediTi instituti. misSeqmnaSi monawileob<strong>da</strong> samoqalaqo seqtoris mxolod erTisegmenti, romlis lideri iyo “Tavisuflebis instituti”, metic isiyo procesis warmmarTveli Zala, romelmac ver SeZlomediasabWoTi <strong>mediis</strong> rac SeiZleba farTo warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlobiT<strong>da</strong>intereseba. mediasabWos aqtivoba mTlianad <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli iyodonoris (kerZod, fond “Ria sazogadoeba – saqarTvelos”) finansurmxar<strong>da</strong>Weraze <strong>da</strong> amgvari <strong>da</strong>finansebis Semcirebis kvaladsustdebo<strong>da</strong> mediasabWos aqtivobac. mediasabWos ar hqon<strong>da</strong>gaazrebuli ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebaTa aRsrulebis monitoringis meqanizmi.arsebobis ori wlis manZilze mediasabWom ganixila ramdenime saqme,miiRo 8 (rva) ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba, Tumca maTgan precedentuli arcerTiar yofila. TiTqmis saqmianobaSeCerebuli mediasabWos reanimaciamox<strong>da</strong> 2008 wlis 5 ianvris saprezidento arCevnebis win, rodesacmediasabWo Seikriba, SeimuSava rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi saarCevno procesisgaSuqebisTvis, Sexv<strong>da</strong> prezidentobis movaleobis Semsrulebels,nino burjanaZes <strong>da</strong> maqsimaluri pe<strong>da</strong>nturobiT aRnusxav<strong>da</strong>winasaarCevno eTerSi saarCevno subiqtebisTvis gamoyofil dros,rogorc sareklamos, aseve arasareklamos.“Tavisuflebis institutis” mier SemuSavebuli “<strong>mediis</strong> profesiulistan<strong>da</strong>rtebi” sruli saxiT miiRo saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivmamauwyebelma, romelic Seiqmna 2005 wels <strong>da</strong> romlis pirveli<strong>ge</strong>neraluri direqtori iyo Tamar kinwuraSvili. sazogadoebrivi11
mauwyeblis veb-gverdze es dokumenti gamoqveynebulia “pirveliarxis profesiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis” saxeliT. “stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi” sakmaodsqematuria <strong>da</strong> masSi miTiTebulia mxolod zoga<strong>da</strong>d <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>niliwesebi. (14)“profesiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis” ZiriTadi debulebebia:- informaciis, Tvalsazrisis <strong>da</strong> komentaris gamijvna;- informaciis wyaro;- pasuxis ufleba <strong>da</strong> Sesworeba;- diskriminacia;- piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba;- arasrulwlovnebi;- informaciis mopoveba;- sasamarTlo procesebi. kriminaluri ambebi;- piradi gamorCena/angareba;- interesTa konfliqti;- saavtoro uflebebi;- reklama;- sazogadoebrivi azris kvleva;- fotoilustracia.am debulebebSi Camoyalibebuli principebi imdenad zogadi iyo, romsazogadoebrivma mauwyebelma 2006 wels miiRo qcevis kodeqsi. esdokumenti gansazRvravs profesiul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebsa <strong>da</strong> JurnalisturieTikis principebs sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis programebSi. qceviskodeqsis miReba ganapiroba, erTi mxriv, sakanonmdeblo normam,romelic avaldebul;ebs licenziis mqone mauwyebels, hqondes Si<strong>da</strong>TviTregulirebis meqanizmi, meore mxriv ki, sazogadoebrivmauwyebelTa TviTregulirebis <strong>da</strong>savlurma praqtikam(gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtoric, rom saqarTvelossazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli aris evropis mauwyebelTa kavSirissruluflebiani wevri).“winamdebare kodeqsi arc xisti wesebis krebulia <strong>da</strong> arc eTikissaxelmZRvanelo. igi moicavs ZiriTad profesiul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebsa <strong>da</strong>Jurnalisturi eTikis principebs, romlebiTac ssm-is TanamSromlebiixelmZRvaneleben. SeuZlebeli iqnebo<strong>da</strong> kodeqsSi Jurnalistissaqmianobis yvela aspeqtisa Tu detalis asaxva, aseve SeuZlebeliiqnebo<strong>da</strong> yvela im viTarebis gaTvaliswineba, romelSic SeiZlebaJurnalisti aRmoCndes. qcevis kodeqsi ar warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns zusti,maTematikuri formulebis nakrebs, romelic nebismier situaciaSigamod<strong>ge</strong>bo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Jurnalists erTaderTi swori ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebismiRebaSi <strong>da</strong>exmarebo<strong>da</strong>. ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba, saboloo jamSi, isevJurnalistis Sinagan <strong>eTika</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> profesiul intuiciazea<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli. ubralod, winamdebare kodeqsi erTgvari gzamkvlevia,romelic Jurnalists, mis Sinagan <strong>eTika</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> intuiciasTan erTad,konkretul viTarebaSi swori ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebis miRebaSi Seuwyobsxels.” (15)12
sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis qcevis kodeqsis SesavalSiCamoyalibebuli es mosazreba cxadyofs, rom kodeqsis principebsar aqvs imperatiuli Zala. igi mxolod rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciis saxiTmiewodeba Jurnalistebsa <strong>da</strong> produserebs. kodeqsi 24 TavisganSed<strong>ge</strong>ba. qcevis kodeqsis moqmedebis 2 wlis ganmavlobaSisazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis arcerT Jurnalistsa <strong>da</strong> produsers armiuRia administraciuli sasjeli kodeqsis moTxovnaTa <strong>da</strong>rRvevisgamo.qcevis kodeqsis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis tipur nimuSad gamod<strong>ge</strong>ba dokumenturifilmi “noembri<strong>da</strong>n noembramde”, romelic 2007 wlis noemberSigavi<strong>da</strong> sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis eTerSi. filmi mTlianad<strong>da</strong>mzadebuli iyo Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosa <strong>da</strong> <strong>ge</strong>neraluriprokuraturis operatiuli masalebiT, romelic ar iyo<strong>da</strong>majerebeli <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>mowmebuli. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, sazogadoebrivmamauwyebelma am films xeli moawera. marTalia, Semdeg arxismmarTvelebma es xelmowera uaryves <strong>da</strong> bodiSic moixades, Tumcaqcevis kodeqsi ar amoqmedebula <strong>da</strong> Si<strong>da</strong> TviTregulirebismeqanizmi ar amuSavebula.sazogadoebriv mauwyebels aqvs monitoringis samsaxuri, romliserT-erTi mTavari funqcia aris eTikuri normebis ganuxreli <strong>da</strong>cvamauwyeblis eTerSi.sxva saerTo-erovnul mauwyeblebs eTikur normaTa kodeqsi ar aqvT.arasdros hqonia aseTi kodeqsi samauwyeblo kompania “rusTavi-2”-s,romelsac ukve 14 wlis arsebobis istoria aqvs. arc telekompania“mzes” hqonia odesme sakuTari eTikis kodeqsi. rac Seexebatelekompania “imeds”, am kompaniis iuridiuli samsaxuris ufrosmairakli SarabiZem <strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>stura, rom telekompaniaSi muSaobdneneTikuri normebis kodeqsisa <strong>da</strong> TviTregulirebis meqanizmebisSesaqmnelad, arsebob<strong>da</strong> kodeqsis proeqtic, magram 2007 wlis 7noembers ganviTarebuli movlenebis Sedegad, rodesac ZalismierimeTodebiT Sewy<strong>da</strong> telekompaniis mauwyebloba, SeCer<strong>da</strong> kodeqsismomzadebisa <strong>da</strong> miRebis procesic.aseTive viTarebaa mauwyeblobis licenziis mqone sxva kompaniebSic,miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, TbilisSi mauwyebloben isini, Tu regionebSi.yvela mauwyebeli CarTulia mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis SeqmnisprocesSi, romelic 3 weliwadze metia, mimdinareobs komunikaciebiserovnul komisiaSi. “mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” kanonis Tanaxmad,komisias qcevis kodeqsi 2006 wlis 18 ianvramde un<strong>da</strong> mieRo, magrames norma ar Sesrul<strong>da</strong>. kodeqsis proeqtma ramdenjerme ganica<strong>da</strong>transformacia. amJamad saboloo variantis srulyofaze muSaoben.kodeqsis ganxilvaSi monawileoben samauwyeblo <strong>mediis</strong>,arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa <strong>da</strong> evrokavSiris warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebi.komisias qcevis kodeqsi 2008 wlis 9 ivliss un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>emtkicebina,13
magram am va<strong>da</strong>m kidev ga<strong>da</strong>iwia. mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqssnormatiuli aqtis Zala eqneba <strong>da</strong> misi Sesruleba savaldebuloiqneba licenziis mqone yvela mauwyeblisTvis.“kodeqsis mizania, yvela saxis mauwyebeli, gansakuTrebiT kisazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli, Tanabari pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobiT moekidosprofesiuli eTikis normebis <strong>da</strong>cvasa <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebrivangariSvaldebulebas.” (16)qcevis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, mauwyebelma un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyosauditoria sando <strong>da</strong> zusti informaciiT, ar <strong>da</strong>uSvas cru <strong>da</strong>SecdomaSi Semyvani informaciis gavrceleba, ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>eyrdnosinformaciis mxolod erT wyaros <strong>da</strong> sxva wyaroebi<strong>da</strong>nac un<strong>da</strong>moiZios; mauwyebeli valdebulia <strong>da</strong>icvas miukerZoebloba. man un<strong>da</strong>uzrunvelyos yvela mniSvnelovani mosazrebis asaxva <strong>da</strong> Tavi<strong>da</strong>naicilos yalbi balansi; mauwyebelma gaumarTleblad ar un<strong>da</strong>xelyos a<strong>da</strong>mianis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba.a<strong>da</strong>mianis pirad cxovrebaSi Careva mxolod mniSvnelovanisazogadoebrivi interesiT SeiZleba iyos gamarTlebuli;mauwyebeli un<strong>da</strong> icavdes Tanasworobisa <strong>da</strong> tolerantobis princips<strong>da</strong> valdebulia, Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aicilos religiuri, eTnikuri an sxvaraime niSniT romelime jgufis Seuracxyofa.qcevis kodeqsi mauwyeblebs sTavazobs saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebspotenciuri zianisa <strong>da</strong> Seuracxyofisagan <strong>da</strong>cvis, politikis,arCevnebisa <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevebis gaSuqebis Sesaxeb.samoqalaqo areulobis gaSuqebisas mauwyebelmaI. srulad <strong>da</strong> obieqturad un<strong>da</strong> asaxos movlenebis ganviTareba;II. gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliT un<strong>da</strong> Seafasos areulobaSimonawileTa savarudo raodenoba <strong>da</strong> miuTiTos informaciiswyaro, rodesac movlenebis gaSuqebisas <strong>da</strong>pirispirebis erTmxares aRmoCndeba;III. gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliT un<strong>da</strong> moekidos reaqcias, racSeiZleba kamerebis gamoCenas moyves areulobis monawileTamxri<strong>da</strong>n. (17)Tu Zaladoba an areuloba zedmetad gamomsaxvelobiT formas iZens,qcevis kodeqsi avaldebulebs mauwyeblebs, Sewyviton movlenebispir<strong>da</strong>piri reportaJi <strong>da</strong>“Cawerili masala SemdgomSi <strong>da</strong>montaJebuli saxiT ga<strong>da</strong>sces, gar<strong>da</strong>im SemTxvevisa, roca sazogadoebrivi interesi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,aucilebelia auditoriis drouli informireba mniSvnelovanimovlenis Sesaxeb.” (18)qcevis kodeqsi ayalibebs rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebs reklamis ganTavsebis,sponsoringisa <strong>da</strong> saavtoro <strong>da</strong> momijnave uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb.14
arasrulwlovanTa <strong>da</strong>cvas qcevis kodeqsSi sakmao adgili eTmoba,rasac amave Tavis meore qveTavSi mimovixilav.mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis me-7 muxlis Tanaxmad, <strong>da</strong>interesebulpirs ufleba aqvs sawyisi programi<strong>da</strong>n 10 dRis va<strong>da</strong>Si moiTxovosprogramaSi mocemuli mc<strong>da</strong>ri faqtis Sesworeba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>zusteba. manun<strong>da</strong> miuTiTos programis saxelwodeba, eTerSi gaSvebis dro,kodeqsis is muxli, romelic <strong>da</strong>arRvia mauwyebelma <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rRvevisSinaarsi. mauwyeblebma saCivrebi droulad, erTi Tvis va<strong>da</strong>Si un<strong>da</strong>ganixilon.“mauwyeblebi uzrunvelyofen saCivris ganxilvas miukerZoebeli <strong>da</strong>samarTliani proceduris safuZvelze <strong>da</strong> “mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb”kanonis me-14 muxlis Sesabamisad saCivris ganxilvis gamWvirvale <strong>da</strong>angariSvaldebul process.” (19)“mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” kanonis me-14 muxli avaldebulebslicenziis mflobels, Seqmnas saCivrebis ganxilvisa <strong>da</strong> maTzereagirebis efeqtiani Si<strong>da</strong> meqanizmi, Tumca amave muxlis me-2punqtis Tanaxmad,“licenziis mflobelis mier saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis,salicenzio pirobebis an qcevis kodeqsis moTxovnaTa <strong>da</strong>rRvevisSemTxvevaSi <strong>da</strong>interesebul pirs ufleba aqvs mimarTos komisias ansasamarTlos.” (20)Tu <strong>da</strong>rRveva <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>stur<strong>da</strong>, komisia iRebs deklaracias, xololicenziis mflobeli valdebulia 5 dRis va<strong>da</strong>Si es deklaraciaeTerSi ga<strong>da</strong>sces. <strong>da</strong>rRvevis simZimis gaTvaliswinebiT, komisiauflebamosilia licenziis mflobelis winaaRmdeg sanqciebigamoiyenos: <strong>da</strong>ajarimos, SeuCeros licenzia, an gauuqmos licenzia.vinai<strong>da</strong>n qcevis kodeqsi ar miuRiaT, komunikaciebis komisia jer araris uflebamosili kanonis 71-e muxliT (sanqciebi)gaTvaliswinebuli sanqciebi gamoiyenos.Tuki qcevis kodeqsis Sinaarsobriv mxareze licenziis mflobelikompaniebis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebi metnaklebad SeTanxmdnen, <strong>da</strong>vis sagansswored kodeqsis aRsrulebis meqanizmi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns:- Tuki mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi iqneba normatiuliaqti, maSin misi Sesruleba savaldebulo iqneba yvelalicenziantisTvis;- Tuki mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis Sesrulebasavaldebulo iqneba, iqneba Tu ara amisTvis sakmarisiSi<strong>da</strong> TviTregulirebis meqanizmis amoqmedeba.rogorc saerTaSoriso organizacia IREX-is mier Catarebuli <strong>mediis</strong>mdgradobis indeqsis kvleva aRniSnavs:15
“sazogadoebaSi ar arsebobs moTxovna eTikur <strong>da</strong> profesiulJurnalizmze. Tavad media sazogadoebac nakleba<strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>interesebuli moaxdinos TviTregulaciis institucionalizeba.zogierTma gazeTma amgvari TviTregulacia <strong>da</strong>gmo kidec, rogorccenzuris erT-erTi instrumenti. profesiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi mediaSidRes SezRudvad ufroa miCneuli, vidre profesionalizmis erT-erTaucilebel komponentad.” (21)saqarTvelos axalgazr<strong>da</strong> iuristTa asociaciis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nels,Tamar korZaias swored sazogadoebis aqtiurobis imedi aqvs <strong>da</strong>mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis amoqmedebas optimisturad uyurebs:“ki, sakmaod rTuli iqneba TviTregulirebis meqanizmis amoqmedeba.miT umetes es precedentia. rogorc vici, sazogadoebriv mauwyebelsaqvs Seqmnili aseTi TviTregulirebis sistema, magram ver <strong>ge</strong>tyviT,ramdenad efeqturad muSaobs igi. yvelaferi imazea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli,ramdenad xSirad mimarTavs sazogadoeba, TiToeuli mayurebeliromelime televizias <strong>da</strong> iq Seqmnil TviTregulirebis sabWos <strong>da</strong>ramdenad realurad <strong>da</strong> operatiulad ganixilavs televiziebi amgancxadebebs. erTi mxriv, sazogadoebasac sWirdeba Semzadeba, romaqtiurad Sexvdes am procesis <strong>da</strong>wyebas, meore mxriv ki, Tavadteleviziebma un<strong>da</strong> Seqmnan es samsaxurebi <strong>da</strong> aucilebladganixilon saCivrebi. is, rom sasamarTloSi ar mouwevs wasvla arc<strong>da</strong>interesebul pirs <strong>da</strong> arc televizias <strong>da</strong> yvelafersTviTregulirebiT moevleba, sakmaod pozitiuria. amiT <strong>mediis</strong>Tavisuflebis xarisxic <strong>da</strong>culi iqneba.”telekompania “kavkasias” programebis direqtori, nino jangiraSviliim mediasaSualebebis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nelTa jgufs warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns, vincwinaaRmdegia, rom mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi normatiuli aqtiiyos, Tumca ar aris <strong>da</strong>rwmunebuli, rom parlamentis axaliSemad<strong>ge</strong>nloba ga<strong>da</strong>sinjavs “mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” kanons <strong>da</strong> ammoTxovnas Secvlis:“mTavari, razec ver vTanxmdebiT, aris is, un<strong>da</strong> iyos Tu ara eskodeqsi normatiuli aqti. Cemi moTxovna <strong>da</strong> yvela normaluriteleviziis moTxovnaa, rom es ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos normatiuli aqti, anusavaldebulod Sesasrulebeli nawili. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi esiqneba didi problema, Tu qcevis sakiTxebsa <strong>da</strong> wamyvanis CacmissakiTxs <strong>da</strong>miregulirebs maregulirebebli komisia, es iqnebakatastrofa. am etapze gveubnebian, rom es iqneba normatiuli aqti,magram ar <strong>da</strong>aregulirebs amas maregulirebeli <strong>da</strong> ar iqnebasanqciebi. maregulirebeli komisiac amas ambobs, levan ramiSvilic<strong>da</strong> bevri a<strong>da</strong>miani, vinc am kodeqsis Tanaavtoria, magram rogorun<strong>da</strong> iyos maSin regulireba, Tu es normatiuli aqtia.” (22)es sakanonmdeblo Seusabamoba grZeldeba. komunikaciebis erovnulikomisiis mier warmod<strong>ge</strong>nil mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis bolovariants saerTo-erovnul mauwyebelTa umravlesoba mxars uWers.16
gansxvavebuli pozicia ukaviaT telekompania “kavkasias”, “maestros”<strong>da</strong> ramdenime adgilobriv tele- an radiokompanias.Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur <strong>da</strong> politikurmecnierebaTa fakultetis Jurnalistikis mimarTulebisxelmZRvaneli <strong>da</strong>viT paiWaZe amavedroulad aris mediasabWos wevri.misi azriT, mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi exeba yvela im sferos,romelTa TviTregulirebac qarTuli <strong>mediis</strong>Tvis saSuria saqmea:“kodeqsis <strong>da</strong>cva komfortuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos mauwyeblisa <strong>da</strong>JurnalistisaTvis, Tu isini ufrTxildebian sakuTar reputacias.kodeqsis normebis absoluturi umravlesoba SemuSavebulia ise,rom ar zRu<strong>da</strong>vs Jurnalistis Tavisuflebas, piriqiT, icavsmauwyebelsa <strong>da</strong> Jurnalists cenzuris ganxorcielebismcdelobisagan. kodeqsis jerovan ganmartebas SeuZlia,safuZvelSive aRkveTos yovelgvari braldeba mauwyebelsa <strong>da</strong>Jurnalistebze SesaZlo zewolis, sare<strong>da</strong>qcio <strong>da</strong>moukideblobaSiCarevis Sesaxeb.”<strong>da</strong>viT paiWaZes kodeqsis <strong>da</strong>debiT mxared miaCnia isic, rom igi ufrometi odenobiT Seicavs sazogadoebis, informaciis momxmareblis<strong>da</strong>sacavad gamiznul debulebebs, vidre punqtebs, romlebicorientirebulia mauwyeblisa <strong>da</strong> Jurnalistis <strong>da</strong>cvaze:“formulirebaTa udidesi nawilis zomiereba <strong>da</strong> sicxade gaxlavTmTavari piroba, raTa msmenelma an mayurebelma <strong>da</strong>balansebuli,xarisxiani, keTilsindisierad miwodebuli informacia miiRos,xolo normebis <strong>da</strong>rRvevisas ar gaWirdes am <strong>da</strong>rRvevisidentificireba. kodeqsi, vfiqrob, Seicavs qmediT meqanizmebsmoqalaqis legitimuri interesis <strong>da</strong>sacavad mauwyeblobisprogramaTa gavlenisagan.”saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvelma sozar subarma komunikaciebis komisiisTavmjdomaris saxelze gagzavnil werilSi kmayofileba gamoTqvaimis gamo, rom kodeqsis bolo proeqtSi uaria naTqvami <strong>mediis</strong>Si<strong>da</strong>regulirebis wesze:“kodeqsi gansazRvravs mxolod zogad kriteriumebs, magaliTad,rogoricaa <strong>da</strong>moukidebloba <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebis mravalferovnebisasaxva, rasac un<strong>da</strong> akmayofilebdnen mauwyeblis TviTregulirebismeqanizmis wevrebi. <strong>mediis</strong> mier qcevis kodeqsis moTxovnis<strong>da</strong>rRvevasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT saCivari ganixileba TviTregulirebismeqanizmisa <strong>da</strong> masTan arsebuli saapelacio organos mier. amukanasknelis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba sabolooa <strong>da</strong> kodeqsis me-12 muxlisme-4 punqtis Tanaxmad, <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia misi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebisgasaCivreba komunikaciebis erovnul komisiaSi, sasamarTloSi ansxva administraciul organoSi. amgvarad, saxelmwifo mTlianadCamocilebulia profesiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis <strong>da</strong>rRvevis SemTxvevaSi<strong>mediis</strong> saqmianobis kontrolisa <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi sanqciis gamoyenebisfunqciisgan.”17
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad pozitiuri Sefasebisa, saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcveli miuTiTebskodeqsis im muxlebze, romelSic SeiniSneba bundovaneba: un<strong>da</strong>SeuSalos Tua ara xeli kodeqsis amoqmedebam kerZomediasaSualebebs, gamoxaton sakuTari politikuri pozicia, an rasniSnavs, rom mauwyebelma “mis programebSi Tavi ar un<strong>da</strong> aaridosnebismieri pirisa <strong>da</strong> organizaciis usamarTlod mopyrobas”?eTikuri normebis kodeqsebi ar aqvT saerTo-erovnul gazeTebs,romlebic gamodis TbilisSi. maT aseTi dokumentis Seqmnas aravaldebulebs aranairi kanoni. kvlevaze muSaobisas movipoveramdenime regionuli/adgilobrivi gazeTis eTikis kodeqsi:1. “gazeT baTumelebis” eTikis kodeqsi aris sakmaod vrceli <strong>da</strong>igi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblisqcevis kodeqsis asls, mcireodeni SemoklebebiT. Cans, rom esdokumenti gadmoqarTulebulia <strong>da</strong> Semdgom yvela<strong>da</strong>interesebuli mediasaSualeba mas saTavisod ir<strong>ge</strong>bs.2. bevrad kompaqturia “guria niusis” JurnalistTa eTikurikodeqsi – sul 9 muxlia. es gazeTi erT-erTi asakovaniregionuli kerZo gamocemaa. “guria niusi” am kodeqssaqveynebs yovel nomerSi, meore gverdze.3. gazeT “Cemi xaragaulis” eTikis kodeqsis Tanaxmad,Jurnalisti valdebulia: <strong>da</strong>icvas faqtebis sizuste,samarTlianoba <strong>da</strong> miukerZoebloba; movlenebi asaxosgawonasworebulad; grZnobdes pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobassazogadoebis, gamoyenebuli sainformacio saSualebebisa <strong>da</strong>sakuTari sindisis winaSe; mudmivad zrunavdes sakuTariprofesionalizmis amaRlebaze; icavdes a<strong>da</strong>mianis ZiriTadRirebulebebs <strong>da</strong> saavtoro uflebebs; ar <strong>da</strong>uSvas interesTakonfliqti.4. gazeTebis “axali gazeTis” (quTaisi), “guriis moambis”(ozur<strong>ge</strong>Ti) <strong>da</strong> “samtrediis moambis” (samtredia) eTikiskodeqsebi am gazeTebma sakuTari gamocdilebis Sesabamisadmoamzades.regionuli gazeTebi icaven sakuTar eTikur kodeqsebs. maT amissakanonmdeblo an normatiuli valdebuleba ar akisriaT, amitom esdokumentebi ufro qmediTia.2008 wlis mais-ivnisSi samoqalaqo ganviTarebis institutma(xelmZRvaneli – ia anTaZe) evrosabWos egidiTa <strong>da</strong> finansurimxar<strong>da</strong>WeriT moawyo seminari regionuli <strong>mediis</strong> Jurnalistebisa <strong>da</strong>menejerebisTvis. seminars beWduri <strong>mediis</strong> warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebisaTvisuZRvebo<strong>da</strong> gazeT “La Voix du Nord”-is direqtori anri duZinski(safran<strong>ge</strong>Ti), xolo eleqtronuli <strong>mediis</strong> warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebisTvis –telekompania TV3-is produseri <strong>da</strong> mediaeqsperti olivie miSeli(safran<strong>ge</strong>Ti). eqspertebi arwmunebdnen seminaris monawileebs, rom“informacia ekuTvnis xalxs, sazogadoebas.”. iyo msjeloba18
obieqturobasa <strong>da</strong> miukerZoeblobaze (“obieqturobaprofesionalizmiT SezRuduli subieqturobaa”),gawonasworebulobaze, informaciis mowodebis ierarqiulobaze.msjeloba TavisTavad mivi<strong>da</strong> ndobamde – “dRes evropaSi <strong>da</strong>rCa ismediasaSualebebi, romelsac endobian”. jgufma sca<strong>da</strong> erTadCamoeyalibebina ZiriTadi eTikuri stan<strong>da</strong>rti, romlis <strong>da</strong>cva zrdisndobis xarisxs <strong>mediis</strong> mimarT.seminarebis mTavari <strong>da</strong>msaxureba iyo is, rom pirveladJurnalistebma <strong>da</strong> re<strong>da</strong>qtorebma / produserebma Tavad <strong>da</strong>iwyessaubari eTikuri normebis <strong>da</strong>cvasa <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi qartiisSemuSavebaze. es maTTvis Tavze aravis mouxvevia. procesi <strong>da</strong>iwyo,Tumca misi Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis prognozireba arcTu iolia.amrigad, qarTul mediaSi dRes, erTi mxriv, midis mauwyebelTaqcevis kodeqsis SemuSavebis savaldebulo procesi, romlisSedegad Seqmnili dokumentic sayovelTao iqneba licenziis mqonemauwyebelTaTvis, meore mxriv ki, <strong>da</strong>iwyo eTikuri stan<strong>da</strong>rtebisqartiis Seqmnis nebayoflobiTi procesi, romelSic sakuTariiniciativiT CaerTvnen jerjerobiT mxolod adgilobrivimediasaSualebebis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebi <strong>da</strong> masSi ar SeiniSnebaxelisuflebisa <strong>da</strong> samoqalaqo seqtoris romelime warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlisaqtiuroba.II. arsebuli profesiuli eTikis kodeqsebis, <strong>mediis</strong>TviTregulirebis sxva meqanizmebis mimoxilva <strong>bavSvTa</strong><strong>sakiTxebis</strong> gaSuqebis TvalsazrisiTpirveli Canaweri arasrulwlovnebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT gaCn<strong>da</strong> <strong>mediis</strong>TviTregulirebis pretenziis mqone pirvel dokumentSi – “<strong>mediis</strong>profesiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi”, romelic moamza<strong>da</strong> “Tavisuflebisinstitutma” <strong>da</strong> romelic Semdgom safuZvlad <strong>da</strong>edo mediasabWosSeqmnas. es Canaweri aseTi formiT iyo warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili:“arasrulwlovanebiinformaciam arasrulwlovanis mier Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdegoqmedebis Sesaxeb ar un<strong>da</strong> Seaferxos <strong>da</strong> gaarTulos misisazogadoebrivi reabilitacia. aseT SemTxvevebSi ar un<strong>da</strong> iyosSesaZlebeli vinaobis identificireba (Tu saqme recidivs ar exeba).”(23)es postulati aseTive formiT ga<strong>da</strong>itanes “pirveli arxisprofesiul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebSi”, romelic iyo sazogadoebrivimauwyeblis eTikuri normebis Semcveli pirveli dokumenti.arasrulwlovanTa mier Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba<strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> gaSuqebis mxolod erTi mxarea. Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT19
TviTmaregulirebel dokumentebSi gaCn<strong>da</strong> axal-axali principebi,romelTa <strong>da</strong>cva aucilebelia bavSvebTan mimarTebaSi.a) wyalgamyofiTav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad “seqsualuri urTierTobebis, Zaladobis,narkotikebis <strong>da</strong>mzadebisa <strong>da</strong> ukanono moxmarebis amsaxveli”scenebis Semcveli filmebis Cvenebis reglamentacias axden<strong>da</strong> kanoni“mavne zegavlenisagan arasrulwlovanTa <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb”, Tumca,rogorc zemoT aRvniSne, 2006 wlis 29 dekembers parlamentmakanoni<strong>da</strong>n amoiRo is muxlebi, romlebic gansazRvrav<strong>da</strong> mozardiTaobisTvis SezRuduli filmebis kategoriebsa <strong>da</strong> maTiteledemonstrirebis dros. kanonmdeblebma es SezRudvebi kanoni<strong>da</strong>nim motiviT amoiRes, rom is mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsSi un<strong>da</strong>asaxuliyo.dRemde raime saxis sakanonmdeblo SezRudva ar arsebobs.erTaderTi TviTregulirebis dokumenti, romelic awesebs droiTSezRudvebs arasrulwlovanTaTvis, aris sazogadoebrivimauwyeblis qcevis kodeqsi. am kodeqsSi pirvelad Caiwera termini“wyalgamyofi”“wyalgamyofi ewodeba saeTero drois gamyof zRvars, romelicsaojaxo CvenebisaTvis <strong>da</strong> zr<strong>da</strong>sruli auditoriisaTvisgankuTvnili programebis erTmaneTisagan gasamijnad gamoiyeneba.ssm-Si wyalgamyofi iwyeba 21:00 saaTze <strong>da</strong> mTavrdeba 08:00 saaTze.wyalgamyofis <strong>da</strong>dgomisTanave nu aCvenebT bavSvebisaTvis ZalzeSeuferebel masalas. gaiTvaliswineT, rom isini SeiZleba isevisxdnen ekranTan. Tu es ver xerxdeba, gaakeTeT gamafrTxilebeligancxadeba.” (24)axali ambebis specifiki<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare yovelTvis ver xerxdebawyalgamyofis <strong>da</strong>cva. Tu sinformacio gamoSvebis siuJeti mZimea,sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli iRebs valdebulebas, rom auditoriauSualod siuJetis win gaafrTxilos. Tu aucilebelia sabavSvoprogramebis specialuri gamoSvebiT Sewyveta, mauwyebelsaucileblad miaCnia vizualuri <strong>da</strong> sityvieri gancxadeba misitranslirebis win, raTa mayureblisTvis Seuferebeli masalamoulodneli ar aRmoCndes.radios wyalgamyofi ara aqvs, radgan iq gamosaxulebis faqtori ararsebobs. Tumca, radioSi saeTero drois <strong>da</strong><strong>ge</strong>gmvis principimoqmedebs.mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi, romlis proeqtze jer kidev muSaoben,aseve iTvaliswinebs wyalgamyofs:20
“wyalgamyofi – saeTero satelevizio drois gamyofi zRvari,romelic iwyeba 23 saaTze. arasrulwlovnebisTvis Seuferebelimasalis ga<strong>da</strong>cema, rogorc wesi, ar un<strong>da</strong> moxdes 8-<strong>da</strong>n 24 saaTamde.”(25)mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis proeqti SezRudvebs ar iTvaliswinebsmxolod filmebze. igi mauwyebels ukrZalavs iseTi masalisga<strong>da</strong>cemas, romelmac SeiZleba ziani miayenos arasrulwlovanTafizikur, gonebriv an sulier ganviTarebas. “mavne zegavlenisaganarasrulwlovanTa <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb” kanonisgan gansxvavebiTmauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis proeqti gansazRvravs 4 asakobrivzRvars <strong>da</strong> ad<strong>ge</strong>ns maTTvis wyalgamyofs:- 18 wlamde asakis arasrulwlovanTaTvis Seuferebeli mavnezegavlenis momxdeni programebisTvis wyalgamyofia 24 saaTi;- 15 wlamde asakis arasrulwlovanTaTvis Seuferebeli mavnezegavlenis momxdeni programebisTvis wyalgamyofia 23 saaTi;- 12 wlamde asakis arasrulwlovanTaTvis Seuferebeli mavnezegavlenis momxdeni programebisTvis wyalgamyofia 20 saaTi;- 7 wlamde asakis arasrulwlovanTaTvis moqmedebs 20-saaTianiwyalgamyofi, Tumca mauwyebelni valdebulni arian amasakobrivi jgufis bavSvebisTvis Seuferebeli programisga<strong>da</strong>cemisas miuTiTon amis Sesaxeb nebismier dros. (26)kodeqsis proeqti gansazRvravs im sakiTxebsac, romelTa CvenebaprogramebSi SeiZleba CaiTvalos arasrulwlovanTaTvisSeufereblad. 20 saaTamde ga<strong>da</strong>cemuli programebi un<strong>da</strong> iyosSesaferisi saojaxo, maT Soris sabavSvo, CvenebisTvis.dRes wyalgamyofTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT sakanonmdeblo vakuumia, amitomsatelevizio eTeri dRis ganmavlobaSi gajerebulia mxolodsrulwlovani mayureblisTvis <strong>da</strong>Svebuli filmebiT (“aWaristelevizia”, “alania”, “mze”, “rusTavi-2”, “imedi”, “saqarTvelo”).intimuri telefonebisa <strong>da</strong> SeTavazebis morbenali sareklamostriqonebiT (“pirveli stereo”) <strong>da</strong> sxva SesazRudi programebiT.b) TviTregulirebatelekompania “kavkasiis” programebis direqtori nino jangiraSviliiTxovs, rom arasrulwlovnebze mavne zegavlenis sakiTxi isevkanoniT regulirdebodes:“rogor SeiZleba mavne zegavlenis sakiTxi ar regulirdebodeskanoniT. piriqiT, es kanoniT un<strong>da</strong> regulirdebodes, magram rasCaicvams wamyvani, amas kanoni ar sWirdeba. Cemi wina<strong>da</strong>debaa, is, racun<strong>da</strong> regulirdebodes kanoniT, am kodeqsi<strong>da</strong>n amovides <strong>da</strong> iqCaiweros ubralo, zogadi, maradiuli Jurnalisturi principebi,romlis erTgulebi viqnebiT <strong>da</strong> ar iqneba sa<strong>da</strong>vo.” (27)21
arasamTavrobo organizaciis “qalebis iniciativaTanasworobisTvis” Tavmjdomare lela gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili principuladewinaaRmde<strong>ge</strong>ba am mosazrebas:“Tu sakanonmdeblo normebs SemoviRebT, yvelafers gavarTulebT.Tavad mediaSi momuSave a<strong>da</strong>mianebi – Jurnalistebi, re<strong>da</strong>qtorebi,menejerebi un<strong>da</strong> SeTanxmdnen, oRond es un<strong>da</strong> iyos mkafioSeTanxmeba. gar<strong>da</strong> TviTregulirebisa, me sxva wesi ar megulebaiseTi <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> mosawesri<strong>ge</strong>blad, rogoricaa <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>naSaulisan bavSvebze Zaladobis <strong>gaSuqeba</strong>, an Tun<strong>da</strong>c usaSvelodqsenofobiuri gamoxtomebi sazogadoebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva jgufebis, maTSoris politikosebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqonebavSvebis an “quCis bavSvebis” mimarT.”“Tu arasrulwlovanis mimarT iqna msgavsi agresia, an <strong>da</strong>irRva maTiuflebebi, amas erTnairad aRiqvams zr<strong>da</strong>srulic <strong>da</strong> mozardic.Tavad arasrulwlovani ver gaasaCivrebs, magram amis saSualebaeqneba mis mSobels, meurves, nebismier moqalaqes, radgankomisiisTvis mimarTvis ufleba aqvs mesame pirsac. <strong>da</strong>rwmunebulivar: rac meti iqneba sazogadoebis aqtiuroba, miT ufro iola<strong>da</strong>muSavdeba TviTregulirebis sistema qarTul mediaSi”, -intervius dros ganacxa<strong>da</strong> saqarTvelos axalgazr<strong>da</strong> iuristTaasociaciis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nelma, Tamar korZaiam, romelsac <strong>mediis</strong>ganviTarebis mTavar mokavSired aqtiuri sazogadoeba miaCnia.c) akrZalvebimauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis proeqtis mixedviT, sqesobrivi aqtisamsaxveli scenis gaSveba eTerSi 24 saaTis wyalgamyofamde<strong>da</strong>uSvebelia. xolo gaupatiurebis scenisa <strong>da</strong> seqsualuriZaladobis Cveneba kategoriulad ikrZaleba.20 saaTis wyalgamyofamde ikrZaleba Seuracxmyofeli leqsikisgamoyeneba, Zaladobis an misi Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis amsaxveli kadrebis Cveneba,narkotikebis ukanono gamoyenebis, agreTve alkoholis an Tambaqosarajerovani gamoyenebis ga<strong>da</strong>cema, okultizmis, hipnozis anparanormaluri movlenebis amsaxveli masalebis Cveneba, agreTveiseTi meTodebis gamoyeneba, rac gavlenas axdens mozardisqvecnobierze.es SezRudvebi ukve <strong>da</strong>wesebuli aqvs Tavisi qcevis kodeqsiTsazogadoebriv mauwyebels. dRes sxva mauwyeblebs Si<strong>da</strong>TviTregulirebis dokumentebi ar aqvT <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, aranairimsgavsi SezRudva ar gaaCniaT.saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvelis, sozar subaris SeSfoTebas iwvevs is garemoeba,rom22
“qarTuli mediiT sabavSvo programebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d ga<strong>da</strong>icema 20saaTi<strong>da</strong>n 22 saaTis CaTvliT. es aris swored is dro, rodesacbavSvebis didi nawilisTvis xelmisawvdomia teleeTeri. am drosqcevis kodeqsi bavSvebs arCevans utovebs, uyuron maTTvisSesaferis programas an yovelgvari SezRudvis, saTanadore<strong>da</strong>qtirebis gareSe, moisminos Seuracxmyofeli leqsika, uyurosZaladobis, narkotikis, Tambaqosa <strong>da</strong> alkoholis moxmarebis scenas.20 saaTi, rogorc wyalgamyofi, mocemul SemTxvevaSi yovla<strong>da</strong>ragonivruli droa <strong>da</strong> migvaCnia, rom igi un<strong>da</strong> Seicvalos 22saaTiT.”evrosabWom 1997 wels miiRo direqtiva “televizia sazRvrebisgareSe”. saqarTvelo evrosabWos wevri qveyanaa, romlisTvisac aseTitipis direqtivebi <strong>da</strong> rezoluciebi savaldebuloa. am direqtiviTevrosabWo Tavisi wevri qveynebis televiziebs uyenebsmcirewlovanTa <strong>da</strong>cvis Semdeg moTxovnas:“miiRon Sesabamisi zomebi, raTa satelevizio ga<strong>da</strong>cemebSi ar iyosiseTi programebi, romlebic seriozul zians miayenebsmcirewlovanTa fizikur, gonebriv Tu moralur ganviTarebas.gansakuTrebiT is programebi, romlebic Seicavs pornografias anZaladobas.” (28)amave direqtivis 22.2 <strong>da</strong> 22.3 paragrafebiT evrosabWo iTxovs, rommauwyeblebma gamoiyenon “xmovani” <strong>da</strong> “vizualuri” gafrTxilebebi,romlebic mayurebels Seaxsenebs, rom am programebma SeiZlebaziani miayenos mcirewlovanTa fizikur, gonebriv an moralurganviTarebas. yvela mauwyebeli valdebulia, Seasrulos amdireqtivis pirobebi.d) Tanxmoba bavSvebis Caweraze <strong>da</strong> maTi monawileoba programebSibavSvebi, Cveulebriv, advilad Tanxmdebian interviuze <strong>da</strong>ga<strong>da</strong>cemaSi monawileobaze <strong>da</strong> uWirT, gansazRvron tele anradioga<strong>da</strong>cemaSi monawileobis mosalodneli Sedegi. Jurnalistebma<strong>da</strong> programis avtorebma, ganurCevlad imisa, arsebobs mSoblisTanxmoba Tu ara, saTanadod un<strong>da</strong> Seafason, rogor imoqmedebsbavSvze programaSi monawileoba <strong>da</strong> ra SeiZleba programis eTeriTga<strong>da</strong>cemas mohyves.mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis proeqtis me-5 Tavi gansazRvravssamarTliani mopyrobis princips.“muxli 17. programis monawileTa samarTliani mopyrobisuzrunvelyofis moTxovnebi (wesebi)...3. Tu monawile aris 16 wlamde asakis, Tanxmoba miRebuli un<strong>da</strong>iyos mSoblisgan an meurvisgan, an sxva pirisgan, romelic aris 18wlis an metis <strong>da</strong> sar<strong>ge</strong>blobs mSoblis statusiT (in loco parentis).kerZod ki 16 wlamde asakis pirebs ar un<strong>da</strong> moeTxovoT iseTi23
mosazrebis gamoxatva, risi saTanado pasuxic maT aseTi TanxmobisgareSe ar SeuZliaT.4. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu 16 wels ga<strong>da</strong>cilebul pirs Tanxmobisgancxadeba ar SeuZlia, Tanxmoba gacemuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos 18 wlis anufro didi asakis piris mier, romelsac akisria zrunvis pir<strong>da</strong>pirivaldebuleba...” (29)amas gar<strong>da</strong>, TviTon bavSvic ar un<strong>da</strong> iyos winaaRmdegi interviusmicemaze an programaSi monawileobaze. ar SeiZleba bavSvispoziciis ignorireba. <strong>bavSvTa</strong>n saubari un<strong>da</strong> warimarTos misTvisgasa<strong>ge</strong>b enaze. imis gansasazRvrad, SeuZlia Tu ara bavSvs miiRosga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba programaSi monawileobis Sesaxeb, mxedvelobaSimisaRebia Semdegi faqtorebi: asaki, gonebrivi ganviTareba,inteleqtis done <strong>da</strong> ase Semdeg.bavSvebTan intervius Cawera gansakuTrebul sifrTxiles saWiroebs.bavSvebi xalisiT pasuxoben maTTvis <strong>da</strong>smul kiTxvebs. amasTan maTuWirT sinamdvilesa <strong>da</strong> fantazias Soris xazis gavleba <strong>da</strong> xSira<strong>da</strong>r SeswevT unari, ganasxvavon simarTle Worisagan <strong>da</strong> miTqmamoTqmisgan.BBC-s Rirebulebebisa <strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis saxelmZRvanelowignSi vkiTxulobT:“programis avtorebma Tavi un<strong>da</strong> Seikavon bavSvisTvis ramenairiminiSnebisgan <strong>da</strong> miscen mas saSualeba, TviTon gamoTqvas sakuTariazri. programis avtorebis bavSvisadmi <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba ar un<strong>da</strong>iyos mfarveluri an qedmaRluri. programis avtorebma is faqticun<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinon, rom zogierT mozards sCvevia gazviadeba,ufro meti efeqtis mosaxdenad. es gansakuTrebiT im bavSvebs exeba,romlebic CarTulni arian antisazogadoebriv <strong>da</strong>kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebaSi”. (30)es norma gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania qarTuli eleqtronuli<strong>mediis</strong>Tvis. qarTuli telearxebiT xSirad naxavT arasrulwlovnebs,romlebic TviTmxilvelis, mowmis saxiT iZlevian Cvenebas <strong>da</strong> umetesSemTxvevaSi Jurnalistebi maT gar<strong>da</strong> sxva respondentebs arc weren.am problemuri sakiTxis mogvareba ga<strong>da</strong>wyvites mauwyebelTa qceviskodeqsiT, romlis proeqtis 41-e muxlSi aris ganmartebuli, Tu raSemTxvevaSi SeuZlia arasrulwlovans misces interviu, an miiRosmonawileoba ga<strong>da</strong>cemaSi. amave muxlis me-18 punqtSi weria:“mSoblisgan Tanxmobaze uaris SemTxvevaSi, bavSvis programaSimonawileoba <strong>da</strong>saSvebia, Tu arsebobs mniSvnelovani sazogadoebriviinteresi an Tu aseTi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetileba efuZneba arasrulwlovanisTavisufal nebas <strong>da</strong> informirebul Tanxmobas. rac ufroaxalgazr<strong>da</strong>a arasrulwlovani, miT ufro mniSvnelovaniamSoblisgan Tanxmobis miReba. <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia arasrulwlovnis anmSoblis finansuri <strong>da</strong>intereseba Tanxmobis misaRebad. <strong>da</strong>saSvebiamxolod <strong>da</strong>sabuTebuli <strong>da</strong> kanonieri xarjebis <strong>da</strong>farva.” (31)24
mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis proeqtis Tanxmad, mauwyebelivaldebulia, miiRos skolis direqciis Tanxmoba, rodesac skolisteritoriaze an saskolo procesis dros xorcieldeba. es normasazogadoebriv mauwyebels Tavis qcevis kodeqsSi ukvegaTvaliswinebuli aqvs.mediasabWom 2008 wlis 14 aprils gancxadebiT mimarTa saqarTvelossainformacio saSualebebs <strong>da</strong> mouwo<strong>da</strong> maT, gansakuTrebulisifrTxiliT moekidon arasrulwlovani pirebis monawileobiTganxorcielebuli qmedebebis negatiur kvalifikacias <strong>da</strong> mkacrad<strong>da</strong>icvan u<strong>da</strong>naSaulobis prezumfciis principi. sabWo sTavazobsmediasaSualebebs arasrulwlovanTa monawileobiT SemTxvevebisgaSuqebisas Jurnalistikis profesiul <strong>da</strong> eTikur stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs- <strong>da</strong>culi iqnas arasrulwlovan eWvmitanilTa <strong>da</strong>naSaulis(gansakuTrebiT seqsualuri xasiaTis <strong>da</strong>naSaulis) msxverplTa<strong>da</strong> SemTxvevebis monawileTa sruli anonimuroba. ar moxdesmaTi sacxovrebeli adgilis, telefonis an sxva piradimonacemebis Sesaxeb informaciis gamJRavneba;- informirebuli Tanxmoba iqnas miRebuli mSoblisganarasrulwlovanTan intervius aRebamde an misi Sexedulebebissxva formiT gamoyenebamde;- mSoblis uaris SemTxvevaSi arasrulwlovanTan gasaubrebamoxdes mxolod mniSvnelovani sazogadoebrivi interesisarsebobisas, Tu <strong>da</strong>culi sikeTe aRemateba miyenebul zians;- mSobeli <strong>da</strong>eswros arasrulwlovanTan saubars iseTdelikatur sakiTxebze, rogoricaa seqsualuri xasiaTis<strong>da</strong>naSauli;- mSoblis Tanxmobis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, arasrulwlovans ar eTxovosiseT sakiTxze mosazrebis gamoTqma, romelzec saTanadopasuxis gacema mis SesaZleblobebs aRemateba. (32)e) arasrulwlovanTa vinaobamauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi, Tuki mas arsebuli saxiT miiReben,avaldebulebs mauwyeblebs, <strong>da</strong>icvas arasrulwlovan eWvmitanilTa,mowmeTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>naSaulis (gansakuTrebiT seqsualuri <strong>da</strong>naSaulis)msxverplTa anonimuroba.rodesac realur faqtebze a<strong>ge</strong>buli programebi aSuqeben faqtebsarasrulwlovanTa monawileobis Sesaxeb kanonsawinaaRmdego <strong>da</strong>antisazogadoebriv qmedebaSi, maTi vinaobis gamJRavnebam, SesaZloa,wamoWras eTikuri xasiaTis problemebi. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, romsazogadoebrivi interesi maRalia, Jurnalistebma un<strong>da</strong>gaiTvaliswinon <strong>bavSvTa</strong> interesebi. anonimurobis <strong>da</strong>cva am drosufro zneobrivia. xSirad mSoblis Tanxmobac ki bavSvis vinaobis25
gamJRavnebis Taobaze ar warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns sakmaris safuZvels, radganbavSvs SeiZleba momavalSi problemebi Seeqmnas.sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis qcevis kodeqsSi sakmaod vrceli nawilieTmoba arasrulwlovanTa vinaobis gamJRavnebas.“<strong>da</strong>uSvebelia im bavSvis vinaobis gamJRavneba, romelic sisxlissamarTlis procesSi braldebuli, <strong>da</strong>zaralebuli an mowmea.nebismieri informacia, romliTac SeiZleba gamJRavndes sasamarTloprocesis arasrulwlovani braldebulis, mowmis an sxva mxarisvinaoba (magaliTad, skolis nomeri, misamarTi), ar un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>iceseTerSi. <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia aseTi arasrulwlovanis fotos eTerSi Cvenebaan vebgverdze ganTavseba. igive principebi vrceldeba imsasamarTlo procesebze, romlebzec ganixileba bavSvis Svila<strong>da</strong>yvanis, meurvis <strong>da</strong>niSvnisa <strong>da</strong> msgavsi sakiTxebi.” (33)Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis asocirebuli profesori,<strong>da</strong>li osefaSvili mozardTa identifikaciis sakiTxs erT-erTmTavar problemad miiCnevs. man sagan<strong>ge</strong>bod wignic ki moamza<strong>da</strong>arasrulwlovanTa <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> <strong>gaSuqeba</strong>ze:“xSirad Jurnalistebi faraven kidec mozardebis saxes, magram amdros uCveneben maT sacxovrebel adgils, maT mezoblebs, megobrebs<strong>da</strong> identifikaciac advilad xdeba. mgonia, rom maT kargad ician,rasac akeTeben, ubralod gacnobierebuli ara aqvT Sedegi. mesmis,rom bavSvebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli Zaladobis, gansakuTrebiTseqsualuri Zaladobis faqtebi sensaciuria, magram <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>mozardTa uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cva ufro mTavaria. zogjer dilemis winaSedganan: me Tu ar gavaSuqeb, sxva <strong>da</strong>maswrebs. amitom mimaCnia, romkodeqsi un<strong>da</strong> miviRoT <strong>da</strong> is <strong>da</strong>aregulirebs am tipis konkurencias.”arasamTavrobo organizaciis “qalebis iniciativaTanasworobisTvis” Tavmjdomare lela gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili problemassamoqalaqo ganaTlebis deficitSi xe<strong>da</strong>vs:“umTavresad <strong>bavSvTa</strong> iseTi <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> gaSuqebisas uSvebs mediaSecdomebs, rasac sabWoTa swavlebis sistemaSi ar aqcevdnenyuradRebas. es samoqalaqo Rirebulebebia. rodesac movlenebsze<strong>da</strong>pirulad, araprofesiulad <strong>da</strong> skan<strong>da</strong>lurad aSuqeben, am drosxSirad aSaveben kidec. paradoqsia, <strong>gaSuqeba</strong> ufro aSavebs. arufaraven saxeebs siuJetis personaJebs, rodesac de<strong>da</strong> awvalebsTavis Svils, an rodesac arasrulwlovans aupatiureben. Cven romnormaluri saxelmwifo viyoT, es yovlive kriminaladSefasdebo<strong>da</strong>.”“<strong>mediis</strong> profesiul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebze” xelmomweri medisaSualebebi<strong>da</strong>nramdenime regionulma / adgilobrivma gazeTma moamza<strong>da</strong> eTikurinormebis sakuTari kodeqsi, romelSic arasrulwlovanTa26
anonimurobisa <strong>da</strong> maTi uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cvis sxva principebigaTvaliswinebulia:“Jurnalisti valdebulia, gansakuTrebiT <strong>da</strong>icvas <strong>bavSvTa</strong> uflebebi.xelSeuxeblad miiCnios misi pirovnebis sazogadoebis srulfasovanwevrad Camoyalibebis procesi”“guria niusis” JurnalistTa eTikuri kodeqsi“Jurnalisti valdebulia, icavdes a<strong>da</strong>mianis ZiriTad Rirebulebebs.ar un<strong>da</strong> gaamJRavnos <strong>da</strong>zaralebulisa <strong>da</strong> arasrulwlovani<strong>da</strong>mnaSavis vinaoba.”gazeT “Cemi xaragaulis” eTikis kodeqsi“Jurnalisti gansakuTrebiT frTxilad un<strong>da</strong> moekidosarasrulwlovanTa Temebze muSaobas”.gazeT “guriis moambis” eTikur normaTa kodeqsi“Jurnalistma ar un<strong>da</strong> gaamJRavnos arasrulwlovani <strong>da</strong>mnaSavisa <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>zaralebulis vinaoba. Jurnalistma ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>asaxelos,pir<strong>da</strong>pir Tu iribad, sqesobrivi <strong>da</strong>naSaulis msxverplTa anarasrulwlovan <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveTa vinaoba. agreTve ar un<strong>da</strong> Caeriosa<strong>da</strong>mianTa mwuxarebaSi.”gazeT “samtrediis moambis” eTikuri kodeqsiarasrulwlovani sar<strong>ge</strong>blobs piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobisuflebiT <strong>da</strong> ar kargavs am uflebas mSoblebis an skolaSimomx<strong>da</strong>ri movlenebis gamo. mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis proeqtisme-18 muxlSi ki pir<strong>da</strong>pir weria:“mauwyebelma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba un<strong>da</strong> miaqcios 16 wlamdeasakis pirebis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas. 16 wlamde asakispirebi ar kargaven piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebasmaTi mSoblebis popularobis an skan<strong>da</strong>luri imijis gamo.” (34)piradi cxovrebis ufleba saSualebas aZlevs individs, ar <strong>da</strong>uSvassxvebis mier Tavisi cxovrebis pirad <strong>da</strong> intimur aspeqtebSi Careva.yovelma amgvarma Carevam, SesaZloa, uaryofiTad imoqmedosa<strong>da</strong>mianis fsiqikaze.f) bavSvebi <strong>da</strong> internetipiradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebis <strong>da</strong>cva garkveulsirTules uqmnis maT, vinc internetSi bavSvebisTvis veb-gverdebshqmnis an maT momzadebas apirebs. cnobili Teoretikosebi, delta<strong>da</strong> macuura aRweren saSualebebs, romlebiTac un<strong>da</strong> moxdesbavSvebis <strong>da</strong>cva internetSi:a) is, vinc Segnebulad agrovebs informacias internetSi cametwelze umcrosi bavSvebis Sesaxeb, valdebulia, misi mSoblis27
an meurvisgan informaciis Segrovebamde <strong>da</strong>mowmebuliTanxmoba miiRos;b) piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulipolitika <strong>da</strong> praqtika informaciis Segrovebamde un<strong>da</strong> iyoscnobili., aseve un<strong>da</strong> ganisazRvros Sesagrovebeliinformaciis tipi, aRiweros, rogor moxdeba informaciiTsar<strong>ge</strong>bloba <strong>da</strong> gamoyos yvela is mesame mxare, romelsacxsenebul informaciaze xeli miuwvdeba.delta <strong>da</strong> macuura iZlevian konkretul miTiTebebs, Tu rogor un<strong>da</strong>SemuSavdes bavSvebsa <strong>da</strong> mozrdilebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli piradimonacemebi:I. monacemTa aRweriloba;II. sar<strong>ge</strong>blobisa <strong>da</strong> mosar<strong>ge</strong>bleTa aRweriloba: gansazRvreT,sad un<strong>da</strong> iqnas piradi monacemebi gamoyenebuli, aseve vinisar<strong>ge</strong>blebs am informaciiT;III. usafrTxoebis RonisZiebebi: aRwereT usafrTxoebisRonisZiebebi <strong>da</strong> maTi <strong>da</strong>nergvis wesi, raTa piradi monacemebi<strong>da</strong>culi iyos arauflebamosili pirebis xelyofisgan;IV. sizuste: aRwereT, rogor SeuZlia pirs, gaecnos sakuTarpersonalur monacemebs, Seamowmos <strong>da</strong> Secvalos igi;V. bavSvebis usafrTxoebis sagan<strong>ge</strong>bo zomebi: aRwereT <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>ner<strong>ge</strong>T sagan<strong>ge</strong>bo RonisZiebebi, raTa Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aviciloTbavSvebis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong> maTgan miRebuli informaciis arasworadgamoyeneba. sajaro gaxadeT informacia imis Sesaxeb, rogor<strong>da</strong> vis mier un<strong>da</strong> iqnas es monacemebi gamoyenebuli. aseveSeimuSaveT mSoblebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n uflebis miRebisa <strong>da</strong> maszemonitoringis wesebi;VI. RonisZiebebis ze<strong>da</strong>mxedveloba <strong>da</strong> auditi: <strong>da</strong>ner<strong>ge</strong>T meTodebipiradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis zomebis efeqturimonitoringisTvis. auditi mesame, neitralurma mxarem un<strong>da</strong>Caataros;VII. kontraqtebi monacemebiT mosar<strong>ge</strong>bleebTan: nebismier sxvamxaresTan, romelic moindomebs Tqvens mier internetiTmopovebuli piradi monacemebiT sar<strong>ge</strong>blobas, xelSekrulebaun<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>doT. (35)mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis proeqtis Tanaxmad,arasrulwlovnebisTvis gankuTvnili veb-gverdi ar un<strong>da</strong> iyosmibmuli zr<strong>da</strong>srulTaTvis gankuTvnil masalasTan <strong>da</strong> un<strong>da</strong>Seesabamebodes arasrulwlovanTa mavne zegavlenisagan <strong>da</strong>cvismoTxovnebs:“mauwyebelma Tavi<strong>da</strong>n un<strong>da</strong> aicilos bmulebi mesame pirTa vebgverdebTan,romlebic zr<strong>da</strong>srulTaTvis gankuTvnil masalasSeicavs. veb-gverdi ar un<strong>da</strong> Seicavdes masalas, romelicSeuferebelia eTerSi gasvlisTvis. programasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli28
interaqtiuli momsaxureba <strong>da</strong> veb-masala aseve un<strong>da</strong> Seesabamebodesam kodeqsiT <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>nil moTxovnebs.” (36)sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis qcevis kodeqsSi am SezRudvebTan erTadCawerlia Semdegi <strong>da</strong>Tqmac:“mTavar vebgverdze ganTavsebuli nebismieri moZravi sateleviziokadri un<strong>da</strong> iyos saojaxo CvenebisTvis Sesaferisi.” (37)III. eTikuri Jurnalistikis problemebidRes qarTuli <strong>mediis</strong> winaSe dgas mniSvnelovani sabazisoprincipebis deficitis problema.- mkafiod un<strong>da</strong> gaimijnos informacia <strong>da</strong> azri. Tuki kerZoeleqtronuli <strong>mediis</strong> ganviTarebis sawyis etapze amismiRweva bevrad advili iyo <strong>da</strong> amas axerxebdnen kidecaxalbe<strong>da</strong> qarTuli telekompaniebi, dRes maTiumravlesoba upiratesobas aniWebs propagandistulsaqmianobas. gazeTebsa <strong>da</strong> JurnalebSi ki wesad aris<strong>da</strong>mkvidrebuli komentaris gakeTeba bolomde <strong>da</strong>ud<strong>ge</strong>nelfaqtebze;- qarTvel Jurnalistebsa <strong>da</strong> mediamenejerebs uWirT<strong>da</strong>jereba, rom sando informacia mxolod sazogadoebissakuTrebas warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. igi ar ekuTvnis mTavrobas.oficialuri informacia yovelTvis ar aris simarTle<strong>da</strong> masac sWirdeba ga<strong>da</strong>mowmeba. ga<strong>da</strong>umowmebeliinformaciis gavrcelebiT media iwyebs manipulaciebs;- Jurnalistebi ar eridebian ganzogadebas. maT adviladSeuZliaT Tqvan siuJetSi, an statiaSi: “opoziciafiqrobs, rom...” <strong>da</strong> ar azusteben, Tu romeli opoziciafiqrobs ase, romeli partiis romeli lideri.ganzogadeba yovelTvis hqmnis sterotipebs, rac ZaliansaxifaToa;- ar viTardeba Tanamedrove mediamenejmenti. yvelaJurnal-gazeTsa Tu teleradiokompaniaSi Warbobsmxolod marTvis vertikaluri sistema, es kigamoricxavs Jurnalistebis Tanamonawileobasga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi. rodesac masalismomzadebisas Jurnalisti marto rCeba, misiTviTcenzuris xarisxi maRalia <strong>da</strong> cdilobs, ar aiRospasuxism<strong>ge</strong>bloba. Jurnalists un<strong>da</strong> hqondes metiTavisufleba, rom icodes misi pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis zRvari;29
- dRemde saqarTveloSi deklaraciuli JurnalistikaWarbobs. bolo 10-12 wlis ganmavlobaSi JurnalistikaZalian <strong>da</strong>uaxlov<strong>da</strong> mTavrobas. media un<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>videssiaxlovis Jurnalistikaze, rac SeiZleba axlos un<strong>da</strong>mivides xalxTan. mxolod am SemTxvevaSi SeZlebs igiga<strong>da</strong>rCenas, rogorc demokratiuli institucia;- deklaraciulad yvela Jurnalistma icis, rom man un<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>icvas u<strong>da</strong>naSaulobis prezumfcia, Tumca iSviaTadgava dRe, rom romelime satelevizio arxma (Tu yvelamara) romelime eWvmitanili piri ar gamoacxados<strong>da</strong>mnaSaved, mkvlelad an korumpirebul Cinovnikad;- <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> gaSuqebis tipur nimuSad iqca 2007wels 14 wlis mozardis giorgi zerekiZis istoria:telekompania “rusTavi-2”-ma sasamarTlo procesamdegamoacxa<strong>da</strong> igi <strong>da</strong>mnaSaved, moZaladed, romelsac lamisyvela amqveyniuri codva ahki<strong>da</strong>, telekompania “imedma” kimisgan gmiris <strong>da</strong> samarTlianobisTvis mebrZolis saxis<strong>da</strong>xatva sca<strong>da</strong>. ori ukiduresoba <strong>da</strong>upirispir<strong>da</strong>erTmaneTs <strong>da</strong> am dros medias ar ufiqria Tavad amarasrulwlovanis bedze. aq mTavari iyo politika <strong>da</strong>politikuri procesebi;es problematika gamokveTa kvlevis dros Catarebulma interviuebma.swored profesiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis <strong>da</strong>cva ganapirobebs <strong>mediis</strong>mimarT sazogadoebis ndobis xarisxs, bazars ki mxolod ismediasaSualebebi SemorCeba, romelsac endobian.4. qarTuli <strong>mediis</strong> monitoringi (sami Tvismimoxilva)I. bavSvebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveobaa) pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis asakis gaaxalgazr<strong>da</strong>veba2008 wlis 1 ivlisi<strong>da</strong>n amoqmed<strong>da</strong> axali samarTlebrivi norma –sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis minimalurma asakobrivmazRvarma 14-<strong>da</strong>n 12 wlamde <strong>da</strong>iwia. xelisuflebas saamisod Tavisiargumentebi gaaCnia: arasrulwlovanTa Soris momatebulsisastikesa <strong>da</strong> Zaladobas saxelmwifo mxolod represiulimeTodebis gamkacrebiT un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>upirispirdes. iuristebi <strong>da</strong>fsiqolo<strong>ge</strong>bi viTarebis dehumanizaciaze saubroben.30
“es cvlileba yovelgvari <strong>da</strong>sabuTebisa <strong>da</strong> analizis Cautarebladiqna Setanili. ramdenad adekvaturia, 12 wlis bavSvis<strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba ama Tu im kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebisadmi,ramdenad aanalizebs is sakuTar saqciels <strong>da</strong> acnobierebs<strong>da</strong>naSauls Tu sasjels zoga<strong>da</strong>d? – es kiTxvebi araerTxel <strong>da</strong>vsviT<strong>da</strong> konkretuli magaliTebic moviyvaneT, magram – amaod, Cvenipozicia ar gaiziares.” (38) –axalgazr<strong>da</strong> iuristTa asociaciis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nelis, oTar kaxiZises komentari gamoaqveyna Jurnalma “gzam” statiaSi “...cixe mas vergamoasworebs!...”arasrulwlovan <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveTa mimarT <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba Seicvala 2006wlis 28 aprilis Semdeg, rodesac prezidentma mixeil saakaSvilmazoga<strong>da</strong>d wvrilmani <strong>da</strong>naSaulis mimarT “nulovani tolerantoba”gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>. am iniciativis Semdeg sakmaod gamkacr<strong>da</strong> sasamarTlosistema: arasrulwlovnebs umTavresad sasjelis maqsimumsusjidnen; praqtikulad ar iyenebdnen maTi gamosworebis sxvasaSualebebs – magaliTad, pirobiT msjavrs. ufro mkacri gax<strong>da</strong>mozardebis mimarT <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba sapatimro <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebSi:xangrZlivi paemnebi saerTod gauqm<strong>da</strong>, xanmokle ki – mniSvnelovnadSeizRu<strong>da</strong>. oTar kaxiZis azriT,“yovelive es kidev ufro aSorebs cixeSi myof mozardssazogadoebas <strong>da</strong> xels uSlis mis resocializacias. gamodis, maszezrunva xelisuflebam gverdze ga<strong>da</strong>do <strong>da</strong> mTavari aqcentisasjelis aRsrulebaze gaamaxvila. es gza miuRebelia, radgansapyrobili<strong>da</strong>n gamosuli arasrulwlovani sazogadoebas un<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>ubrundes rogorc moqalaqe <strong>da</strong> ara rogorc recidivisti.” (39)amave statiaSi moTxrobilia 14 wlis beqa l.-s (mis gvars <strong>da</strong>sacxovrebel adgils Jurnali <strong>da</strong>ufaravad asaxelebs) istoria,romelsac asamarTlebdnen mezoblis mitovebuli saxli<strong>da</strong>n duraluminisqvabebisa <strong>da</strong> tafebis moparvisTvis. arc Tavad uaryof<strong>da</strong>arasrulwlovani <strong>da</strong>naSauls, Tumca iTxov<strong>da</strong> patiebas, magrammosamarTlem <strong>da</strong>akmayofila prokuroris moTxovna <strong>da</strong> mas 3 wliTpatimroba miusaja. statiaSi gamoqveynebulia gansasjelis mamidiswerili mosamarTlisadmi, romelic aseve ar gaiTvaliswines.gazeTi “asaval-<strong>da</strong>savali” sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobisasakis Semcirebas xmauriani saTauriT pasuxobs: “2008 wlis 1ivlisi<strong>da</strong>n saqarTvelo 1928 wlis sabWoTa kavSirSi brundeba!”.statiis avtori giorgi gigauri istoriuli paralelebiT cdilobssuraTis dramatizebas. irkveva, rom saqarTvelos sisxlissamarTlis kodeqsis 1928 wlis re<strong>da</strong>qcia iTvaliswineb<strong>da</strong> 12 wlismozardis <strong>da</strong>sjas.statiaSi motanilia profesor oTar gamyreliZis mosazreba asakis<strong>da</strong>wevasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT:31
“Tormeti wlis asakSi a<strong>da</strong>mianis <strong>da</strong>sja ufro met uaryofiTSede<strong>ge</strong>bs gamoiRebs, vidre <strong>da</strong>debiTs. jer erTi, <strong>da</strong>sjas am asakSi areqneba is efeqti, rac un<strong>da</strong> hqondes, radganac am asakSi bavSvi veracnobierebs Cadenili qmedebis sazogadoebriv mniSvnelobas. isasakobrivad am movlenisTvis, mxedvelobaSi maqvs <strong>da</strong>sja, ar arissrulad momwifebuli asakobrivi ganuviTareblobis gamo. amitom<strong>da</strong>sja masze ver moaxdens aRmzrdelobiT zegavlenas, rac sasjelisaucilebeli niSania Tanamedrove sisxlis <strong>da</strong> sasjelaRsrulebiTisamarTlisTvis”. (40)am citatiT pasuxobs statiis avtori meore saTaurs: “ratom arSeiZleba 12 wlis bavSvis cixeSi gamoketva!” igi cdilobs,<strong>da</strong>usabuTos mkiTxvels, rom im arasrulwlovnebs, romelTacsasjelis zomad SeefardebaT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, recidivizmisyvelaze didi maCvenebeli aqvT. TiTqmis 80 procenti xelaxlasCadis <strong>da</strong>naSauls ori wlis ganmavlobaSi.gaeros <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis komitetma, romelic saxelmwifoTa mier<strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis konvenciis ganxorcielebis monitorings awarmoebs,2008 wlis 9 Tebervals ganmarta, rom saxelmwifoebma ar un<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>swion sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis zRvari 12 wlamde.Sorena kakabaZis statiaSi “12 wlis mozards <strong>da</strong>sja ufrogaaborotebs”, romelic gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong> internet-gamocemawww.humanrights.<strong>ge</strong>-ze, motanilia ramdenime eqspertis mosazreba amproblemaze. maTgan gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa quTaisis #2sapyrobilis monitoringis sabWos Tavmjdomaris, manana managaZiskomentari:“didia riski, am asakis bavSvebi <strong>da</strong>mnaSavis skamze aRmoCndnen.nuravis egoneba, rom qarTul erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi es iqnebawinga<strong>da</strong>dgmuli nabiji. piriqiT, es riskia, romelic ar un<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>vuSvaT. xelisuflebac <strong>da</strong> kanonic humanizaciaze un<strong>da</strong> iyosorientirebuli. Cemi ganwyoba calsaxaa – asaki ki ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vwioT,aramed mis gazr<strong>da</strong>ze un<strong>da</strong> vizrunoT.” (41)gazeTi “24 saaTi” periodulad aqveynebs statiebs imis Taobaze, Turogor aTavisuflebs sasamarTlo arasrulwlovnebs sxdomis<strong>da</strong>rbazi<strong>da</strong>nve:17 aprili: “arasrulwlovani mozardebi <strong>da</strong>rbazi<strong>da</strong>n gaaTavisufles”. 15wlis giorgi j.-sa <strong>da</strong> koka k.-s bralad edebo<strong>da</strong>T binis gaqurdva.mosamarTlem isini samwliani gamosacdeli vadiT saxlSi gauSva;8 maisi: “sasamarTlom ori arasrulwlovani <strong>da</strong>rbazi<strong>da</strong>n gaaTavisufla”.omar R.-s <strong>da</strong> nugzar j.-s rusTavSi mcxovrebi Tina buaCiZis binaSi ukanoniSeRweva <strong>da</strong> 2746 laris Rirebulebis qonebis mparva edbo<strong>da</strong>T bralad.sasamarTlom maT sami wliTa <strong>da</strong> 4 TviT pirobiTi sasjeli miusaja, xolomaT mSoblebs <strong>da</strong>akisra 3.500 laris odenobis jarimis ga<strong>da</strong>x<strong>da</strong>.32
13 maisi: “arasrulwlovani <strong>da</strong>rbazi<strong>da</strong>n gaaTavisufles”. 15 wlis muraz m.-s(amjerad gazeTi mis gvars asaxelebs) mSoblis meTvalyureobis qveSga<strong>da</strong>cema Seufar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rbazi<strong>da</strong>n gaaTavisufla. mas 9 larad Rirebulisakonditro nawarmis moparva edebo<strong>da</strong> bralad.18 ivlisi: “arasrulwlovnebi patimrobi<strong>da</strong>n gaaTavisufles”. beqa k., zurabx. <strong>da</strong> givi C. sasamarTlo <strong>da</strong>rbazi<strong>da</strong>n gaaTavisufles, radgan maT ar<strong>da</strong>u<strong>da</strong>stur<strong>da</strong>T wayenebuli brali.internet-gamocema www.humanrights.<strong>ge</strong>, romlis gamomcemelia a<strong>da</strong>mianisuflebaTa centri, sakmaod did adgils uTmobs <strong>bavSvTa</strong> uflebebis<strong>da</strong>rRvevis faqtebs. am gverdma miawo<strong>da</strong> mkiTxvels gaeros <strong>bavSvTa</strong>uflebebis komitetis rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:1. arasrulwlovanebTan mimarTebaSi moqmedi sisxlissamarTlis marTlmsajulebis sistema ar Seesabameba <strong>bavSvTa</strong>uflebebis konvencias;2. arasrulwlovanTa sakiTxebze momuSave komisiis gauqmebisSemdeg ar Seqmnila organo, romelic mas Caanacvleb<strong>da</strong>;3. gaizar<strong>da</strong> im arasrulwlovan patimarTa raodenoba, romlebicsisxlis samarTlis pasuxis<strong>ge</strong>baSi arian micemulni;4. ar arsebobs arasrulwlovanTa sasamarTloebi;5. ar arsebobs efeqturi meqanizmi, romelic SesaZlebelsgaxdi<strong>da</strong> arasrulwlovanTaTvis patimrobis misjas mxolodukidures SemTxvevaSi;6. SeiniSneba sasjelis moxdis alternatiuli gzebisgamoyenebis nakleboba, rac garkveulwilad ganpirobebulia2006 wels gamocxadebuli nulovani tolerantobiT;7. winaswar patimrobaSi gatarebuli periodi aris saWirozexangrZlivi, aseve SezRudulia patimris naxvis SesaZlebloba;8. patimrobis piurobebi aris ara<strong>da</strong>makmayofilebeli;9. ar aris fizikuri <strong>da</strong> fsiqologiuri reabilitaciissaSualebebi, aseve saSualeba socialuri reintegraciisTvis.(42)am rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis gavrceleba Zalian mniSvnelovani siaxle iyo,Tumca igi veb-gverdiT zustad im dRes gavrcel<strong>da</strong>, rodesacsakanonmdeblo cvlileba amoqmed<strong>da</strong>.miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi Setanilicvlileba ukve amoqmed<strong>da</strong>, samarTlebrivi pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis asakis<strong>da</strong>wevis sakiTxi mainc imsaxurebs sajaro diskusias. amasa<strong>da</strong>stureben calkeuli publikaciebis respondentebi, aseve kvlevisdros Catarebuli anketirebis monawile mkvlevarebi, iuristebi <strong>da</strong>Jurnalistebi.b) <strong>da</strong>naSaulis Tviseba33
eportaJebi <strong>da</strong>naSaulis Sesaxeb, iseve rogorc realur faqtebze<strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli nebismieri sxva sfero, un<strong>da</strong> moicavdes ara mxolodzogad informacias, aramed naTels hfendes am movlenas.Jurnalistebi un<strong>da</strong> ecadon, rom maT mier momzadebuli reportaJisrul suraTs asaxavdes: momx<strong>da</strong>ri <strong>da</strong>naSaulis Cadenis mizezebi,<strong>da</strong>naSaulTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli tendenciebi <strong>da</strong> sxva.arsebobs safrTxe, rom mediam gaaZlieros mosaxleobis SiSi,TiTqos is SeiZleba gaxdes <strong>da</strong>naSaulis msxverpli. am dros ki,statistikuri monacemebis Tanaxmad, mas amis safrTxe ar emuqreba.<strong>da</strong>naSaulis Sesaxeb reportaJis momzadebisas Jurnalistma esfaqtebic un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinos.2007 wlis april-maisis TveSi telekompania “rusTavi-2”-issainformacio programebma (“kurieri”, “P.S.”) arasrulwlovanTa mierCadenil <strong>da</strong>naSaulebze 32 (!) reportaJi moamza<strong>da</strong>. maT Soris iyoreportaJi <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi saskolo asakis bavSvebis seqsualurTamaSobebze, romelic mowodebuli iyo, rogorc reportaJi<strong>da</strong>naSaulis Sesaxeb. reportaJebis raodenobam <strong>da</strong> sixSirem Seqmnasazogadoebrivi ganwyoba, rom mozardi Taoba gamoirCevagansakuTrebuli sisastikiTa <strong>da</strong> Zaladobis surviliT <strong>da</strong>, SesaZloa,maTi msxverpli gaxdes ara mxolod maTive Tanatoli, aramednebismieri asakis moqalaqe. aseTi kampaniuri midgoma safrTxisSemcvelia.BBC-s Rirebulebebisa <strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis saxelmZRvanelo wigniJurnalistebs <strong>da</strong> produserebs sTavazobs <strong>da</strong>naSaulis SesaxebreportaJis momzadebisas gamoyenebuli kriteriumebislegitimurobis <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>nis wess. sasurveli iqneba, Tuki am mosazrebasgaiziareben mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis avtorebi:“Tavi SeikaveT ararsebuli tendenciebis Sesaxeb informaciismowodebaze. magaliTad, nu moamzadebT reportaJs raime garkveul<strong>da</strong>naSaulze mxolod imitom, rom aseTive saxis <strong>da</strong>naSauli gaSuq<strong>da</strong>bolo periodSi. Tavi aarideT iseTi sityvebis gamoyenebas,romlebic garkveul kavSirs amyarebs am or <strong>da</strong>naSauls Soris (oridRis win momx<strong>da</strong>ri... dRes...).” (44)gansaxilvel periodSi saerTo-erovnuli satelevizio arxebi(sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli, “rusTavi-2” <strong>da</strong> “mze”) praqtikulad araSuqebdnen arasrulwlovanTa mier Cadenil <strong>da</strong>naSaulebs. suraTigasuli welTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT diametralurad Seicvala. igiveviTarebaa regionul televiziebSic. ismis kiTxva: <strong>da</strong>naSauli aRarxdeba Tu eleqtronuli media veRar amCnevs am <strong>da</strong>naSauls?dRes Camoyalibebuli praqtika aseTia:34
- kriminalur informacias policia asaidumloebs. SinagansaqmeTa saministros pressamsaxuris Tanxmobis gareSe arcerTpoliciels, ra rangisa <strong>da</strong> Tanamdebobisac un<strong>da</strong> iyos igi, araqvs informaciis gacemis ufleba;- kaniniT ikrZaleba sasamarTlo sxdomaTa <strong>da</strong>rbazSi audio-,foto- <strong>da</strong> videoaparaturiT Sesvla <strong>da</strong> sasamarTlo procesisaRnusxva. sasamarTlos teritoriad man<strong>da</strong>turebi ukvesasamarTlos ezosac ki miiCneven;- saproceso gari<strong>ge</strong>ba iseTi samarTlebrivi normaa, romlisaRsruleba mxolod prokurorzea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli, prokuroriki <strong>da</strong>interesebul mxares (umTavresad, <strong>da</strong>naSaulSi eWvmitanilmxares) sTavazobs gaCumebas. saproceso gari<strong>ge</strong>bis imedi kiyvela braldebuls aqvs, miT umetes arasrulwlovans;- xSir SemTxvevaSi <strong>da</strong>naSaulSi eWvmitanili arasrulwlovnebi<strong>da</strong> maTi mSoblebi (meurveebi) ar urTierTobenJurnalistebTan <strong>da</strong> ar awvdian maT xelT arsebulinformacias Cadenili <strong>da</strong>naSaulis Sesaxeb, radgan ar surT,maTi qmedeba mavanT “CaSvebad” Seafason.aseTi fonis pirobebSi sakmaod rTulia kriminaluri istoriis<strong>gaSuqeba</strong>. gacilebiT rTulia viTareba im regionebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c, erTimxriv, maRalia policiisa <strong>da</strong> prokuraturis administrirebisxarisxi, meore mxriv ki, aseve maRalia sazogadoebis CaketilobismaCvenebeli. regionuli gazeTis “qarTlis xmis” (gori) re<strong>da</strong>qtorisaba wiwikaSvili, romelic amavdroulad aris a<strong>da</strong>mianTa uflebaTacentris koordinatori Si<strong>da</strong> qarTlis regionSi, cdilobs axsnas essqema:“ori bavSvi mindvri<strong>da</strong>n aiRebs mils, Caabarebs <strong>da</strong> am fuliTxinkals SeWams. meore diliT am bavSvebs <strong>da</strong>iWeren <strong>da</strong> ojaxsSesTavazeben saproceso gari<strong>ge</strong>bas: jer giraos ga<strong>da</strong>axdevineben <strong>da</strong>gamouSveben bavSvebs, Semdeg ki – saproceso gari<strong>ge</strong>bas gauformeben,romelic aseve fuladi saxsrebiT gamoixateba. ase Seufardes erTarasrulwlovans 5.000 lari. mamas ar hqon<strong>da</strong> saSualeba <strong>da</strong>iZulebuli gax<strong>da</strong>, saberZneTSi wasuliyo <strong>da</strong> fuli gamoemuSavebina.aman ukve axali problema gaaCina: ojaxis ufrosi saxli<strong>da</strong>n wavi<strong>da</strong>.”telekompania “TrialeTis” (gori) sainformacio samsaxuris ufrosinino CibCiuri askvnis, rom“<strong>da</strong>naSaulebi arasrulwlovanTa Soris naklebad xdeba, Toremaucileblad moxvdebo<strong>da</strong> Cvens sainformacio programebSi.”amave pozicias iziareben telekompania “imperias” (axalcixe)Jurnalistebi: eka beriZe, Tika kurtaniZe, maia merabiSvili <strong>da</strong>Sorena surmaniZe. gazeT “samxreTis karibWes” (axalcixe)Jurnalisti gulo koxoZe ixsenebs arasrulwlovanTa Sorismomx<strong>da</strong>ri Cxubis faqts:35
“erT-erTma arasrulwlovanma <strong>da</strong>iqirava sakmaod Zlieri aRnagobisbiWi <strong>da</strong> acemina Tavisi Tanatoli. principSi, umizezod. kastetiTybis Zvali Caumsxvries. urTulesi operacia gaukeTes am biWsTbilisSi. Cven samive maTganis vinaoba viciT. Tavad am faqtisSesaxebac gavi<strong>ge</strong>T yvela detali, magram ver vwerT. arcerT maTgansar surs CvenTan saubari <strong>da</strong> metic, saqmec ki ar aRuZravTpoliciaSi. “<strong>da</strong>mqiravebeli” biWis mama maRali Cinis policielia <strong>da</strong>arc misula saqme gamoZiebamde. mSoblebma yvelaferigauxmaureblad moagvares.”amave gazeTis re<strong>da</strong>qtori nino narimanaSvili <strong>da</strong> Jurnalisti ia<strong>ge</strong><strong>ge</strong>SiZe sxva faqtebsac ixseneben, Tumca am faqtebze gazeTsaraferi gamouqveynebia.gazeT “P.S.”-s (quTaisi) re<strong>da</strong>qtori nanuli cxvediani or mizezsasaxelebs, ris gamoc gazeTSi ar aSuqeben arasrulwlovanTa<strong>da</strong>naSauls:1. <strong>da</strong>mnaSavis saxeli <strong>da</strong> gvari un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>vmaloT;2. policia aranair informacias ar gvaZlevs.saerTo-erovnuli gazeTebi ufro meti intensivobiT aqveynebenmasalebs arasrulwlovanTa <strong>da</strong>naSaulze.1. 5-6 maisi. gazeTi “versia”: “rogor gaaupatiura 18 wlis giorgijanaSiam 7 wlis biWi”. Jurnalisti lali rozomaSvili statiaSiarsad ar ganmartavs, rom es gvari Secvlilia. un<strong>da</strong> vivaraudoT,rom <strong>da</strong>naSaulSi eWvmitanilis gvari ucvlelia. isicgasaTvaliswinebelia, rom Tavad es eWvmitanili arisarasrulwlovani.“7 wlis biWis gaupatiurebisaTvis braldebuli 18 wlis giorgijanaSia sasjelis molodinSia. sakiTxis delikaturobi<strong>da</strong>ngamomdinare, sasamarTlo procesi, albaT, <strong>da</strong>xuruli iqneba.miyenebuli muxlis Tanaxmad, gamoZieba moZaladisTvis 15-<strong>da</strong>n 20wlamde patimrobas varaudobs, magram ar aris gamoricxuli,kvalifikacia Seecvalos – seqsualur <strong>da</strong>naSaulSi <strong>da</strong>kavebulsmxolod arasrulwlovnebi amxelen, maTi Cvenebebi kisasamarTlosTvis, SesaZloa, bolomde sarwmuno ar aRmoCndes.”statiis lidSi moyvanili es abzaci bevr iseT sakiTxs Seicavs,romlis gaTvaliswineba Jurnalists bevr uxerxulobas aarideb<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong> eTikur stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs ar <strong>da</strong>arRvevineb<strong>da</strong>. statiaSi ar CansarcerTi informaciis wyaro. Jurnalisti ar gasaubrebia<strong>da</strong>zaralebulis – 7 wlis zukas mSoblebs, arc Tavad zukas(mSobelTa TanxmobiT), arc sxva TviTmxilvels, aseve bavSvebs <strong>da</strong>arc mezoblebs. konkretuli personebi ar Canan. samagierod, statiagajerebulia ganzogadebuli frazebiT: “rogorc “versiam”gaarkvia...”, “iq macxovreblebi acxadeben...”, “eWvgareSea, rom kartis36
TamaSisas es incidenti mox<strong>da</strong>...”, “sxvaTa Soris, rogorc mezoblebiacxadeben...” erTgan Jurnalisti wers:“erT-erTi versiiT, <strong>da</strong>kavebulma moZaladem <strong>da</strong>naSauli aRiara,Tumca sakuTar CvenebaSi Tavs icavs <strong>da</strong> ambobs, TiTqos 7 wlisbavSvma mofereba TviTon sTxova...”am monakveTi<strong>da</strong>n isic irkveva, rom Jurnalists saqmis masalebic arunaxavs <strong>da</strong> gadmocemiT (“erT-erTi versiiT”) i<strong>ge</strong>bs ambebs. asevegadmocemiT gaigo man:“rac Seexeba mezoblebs, maTi informaciiT, <strong>da</strong>kavebuls bavSvebzemsgavsi Zaladoba samegreloSic hqonia Cadenili.”rodesc saqme aseT seriozul <strong>da</strong>naSauls Seexeba, Jurnalists racSeiZleba myari mtkicebulebebi un<strong>da</strong> hqondes <strong>da</strong> eWvmitaniliqvesaTaurSive ar moixsenios pedofilad.2. 24 ivlisi. gazeTi “rezonansi”: “mkvleloba telefonis “<strong>da</strong>wervis”gamo”. Jurnalisti salome gogoxia mTlianad sasamarTlosmasalebs eyrdnoba. Jurnalisti ar cvlis arc msjavrdebulis, arcmoklulis <strong>da</strong> arc mowmeebis pirovnul monacemebs <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>naSaulisCadenis adgilis srul identifikacias axdens. Jurnalisti lidSiwers:“buTxuzi ise gaasamarTles, rom man Tavi <strong>da</strong>mnaSaved ar cno. Tumcaarseboben mowmeebi, romlebic a<strong>da</strong>stureben, rom mkvlelobabuTxuzma Caidina.”saqmis aseTi <strong>da</strong>sasruli kargi sababia JurnalisturigamoZiebisTvis, Tumca Jurnalisti amjobinebs statia sasamarTlo<strong>da</strong>kiTxvis oqmebi<strong>da</strong>n gakeTebuli amonaridebiT aagos, riTacprofesiul keTilsindisierebas icavs, magram kiTxvamkiTxvelisTvis mainc upasuxod rCeba.3. 9-10 ivnisi. gazeTi “versia”: “14 wlis giorgim homoseqsualimaswavlebeli <strong>da</strong>niT mokla!” Temac skan<strong>da</strong>luria <strong>da</strong> saTauricaseTive aqvs. avtori lali rozomaSvili cdilobs statiaSiaRwerili faqti ganazogados <strong>da</strong> warmoaCinos tendenciis saxiT:“bolo dros maswavleblebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n moswavleebze seqsualuriZaladobis faqtebma imata. magaliTad, cota xnis win, TbilisiserT-erT skolaSi moswavleebma fizkulturis maswavlebeliamxiles... sisxlis samarTlis saqme, romelzec qvemoT mogiTxrobT,SesaZloa, <strong>da</strong>ujereblad mo<strong>ge</strong>CvenoT, magram faqtia: moswavlemmaswavlebeli seqsualuri Zaladobis gamo mokla. “versiis”informaciiT, es pirveli SemTxveva ar aris, Tumca, vinai<strong>da</strong>n sakiTxidelikaturia, bavSvebis interesebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, qarTulikanonmdeblobiT aseTi saqmeebi <strong>da</strong>xurul formatSi ganixileba <strong>da</strong>,Sesabamisad, sazogadoebisTvis ucnobi rCeba. ise, “versiam” ver37
gaarkvia, qarTuli mentalobisTvis miuRebel aseT SemTxvevebs vinmeaRricxavs Tu ara.”Jurnalists ar <strong>da</strong>ukonkretebia arc lidSi <strong>da</strong> arc Semdgom,statiaSi, Tu romeli mentalobisTvis aris misaRebi seqsualuriZaladoba, miT umetes Tu amgvar Zaladobas moswavlis mimarTaxorcielebs maswavlebeli. esec erTgvari stereotipis<strong>da</strong>mkvidrebis mcdelobaa. statiis avtori am faqtis kvalobaze sxvatendenciasac akvlevs: Sesacvlelia Tua ara pe<strong>da</strong>gogTa eTikiskodeqsi?am dros Jurnalistis xelSi aris konkretuli faqti, romelicimsaxurebs gamoZiebas.4. 29 maisi, #22, Jurnali “gza”: “ratom xdebian Tineijeri gogonebikriminalebi?” Jurnalisti mkiTxvels sqematurad sTavazobs orgaxmaurebul faqts:- 16 wlis gogonam <strong>da</strong>niT mokla sakuTari mama, romelic masTansqesobriv kavSirSi imyofebo<strong>da</strong>;- saburTaloze, bukias baRTan 4 arasrulwlovani gogona sastikadgauswor<strong>da</strong> maTsave Tanatol gogonasJurnalma ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita, siRrmiseulad ar gamoiZios es faqtebi <strong>da</strong> manmkiTxvels SesTavaza interviu fsiqologTa <strong>da</strong> fsiqoTerapevtTaasociaciis prezidentTan sofio verulaSvilTanpirvel faqtTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT gansaxilvel periodSi gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong>ori statia: “Tbiliselma 16 wlis gogonam moZalade mama <strong>da</strong>niTmokla” (gazeTi “alia”, 12-18 maisi) <strong>da</strong> “meTerTmeteklaselma gogonammaniaki mama <strong>da</strong>niT mokla!” (gazeTi “versia”, 26-27 maisi). orivestatiaSi moTxrobili istoria identuria, radgan wyaro orivemaTganisTvis erTia – sasamarTlo saqme. orive statiis avtorma<strong>da</strong>naSaulSi eWvmitanil gogonasac, mis moklul mamasac <strong>da</strong> de<strong>da</strong>sacSeucvala saxelebi <strong>da</strong> gvarebi, Tumca aqac saintereso ramgamoikveTa. “versiis” versiiT, gogonas hqvia maria. mis mSoblebs ki– giorgi <strong>da</strong> larisa. isini 2003 wlis gazafxulze gadmosaxldnenruseTis federaciis qalaq ivanteko<strong>da</strong>n TbilisSi. “alias”versiiTac, es ojaxi 2003 wlis gazafxulze gadmosaxl<strong>da</strong>. statiaSimamas hqvia givi sarqisovi, mis col-Svils ki anJela <strong>da</strong> ninasarqisovebi. Jurnalistis am ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebiT, ojaxma, sa<strong>da</strong>ctra<strong>ge</strong>dia mox<strong>da</strong>, erovnuli niSniT miiRo identifikacia. eTikuristan<strong>da</strong>rtebis Tanaxmad, saidentifikacio niSnebis Secvlamarsobrivad suraTi ar un<strong>da</strong> Secvalos.meore faqtzec ori statia gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong>: “4 arasrulwlovan gogonasZarcvisTvis asamarTleben” (gazeTi “rezonansi”, 28 Tebervali) <strong>da</strong>“blatnoi” gogoebi” (gazeTi “versia”, 18-20 aprili).38
5. 8 ivlisi. gazeTi “24 saaTi”: “Caketili wre. rogor izrdebasaqarTveloSi kriminalebis axali Taoba”. saqarTveloSi <strong>da</strong>mnaSavearasrulwlovanTaTvis ori sasjelaRsrulebis <strong>da</strong>wesebulebamoqmedebs: qalTa <strong>da</strong> arasrulwlovanTa #5 sapatimro, sa<strong>da</strong>cgansasjeli mozardebi arian <strong>da</strong> avWalis kolonia – misjilTaTvis.gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, quTaissa <strong>da</strong> baTumSi calke saknebia gansasjelimozardebisTvis, romelic 30 kacs itevs <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>c isini TbilisSigadmoyvanamde rCebian. saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvelis ofisTan moqmedi bavSvisuflebaTa centris xelmZRvaneli meri maRlaferiZe aRniSnavs:“arasrulwlovani <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveebis gamosworebaze aravin zrunavs,amitom isini cixi<strong>da</strong>n namdvil kriminalebad gamovlen. maTTvis“qurduli” mentaliteti ucxo ar aris – es sakiTxi ZalzemniSvnelovania <strong>da</strong> did yuradRebas saWiroebs”.msgavs mosazrebas gamoTqvams fsiqologi nana CaCua:“samwuxarod, quCis cxovreba <strong>da</strong> mentaloba TvalsaCinoa <strong>da</strong>iswavleba televiziiTa <strong>da</strong> yofiTi magaliTebiT. SromiTmopovebuli materialuri keTildReobis propagan<strong>da</strong> ki ar aris.” (45)gazeTi “rezonansi” periodulad aqveynebs statiebs, Tu ramdenadsaTuTia arasrulwlovanTa gasamarTlebis sakiTxi. amiT igisazogadoebis yuradRebis arealSi aqcevs am Temas:- “10 weli <strong>da</strong> 3 Tve moparuli mobiluris SeZenisTvis. 18 wlispatimris Sewyalebas <strong>da</strong>zaralebulic iTxovs” (17 maisi);- “saojaxo nivTebis qurdobisTvis arasrulwlovani <strong>da</strong>akaves.<strong>da</strong>kavebulebi sasamarTlom giraoTi gaaTavisufla,prokuratura ki asaCivrebs” (15 ivlisi);- “mozards Sokoladis moparvisTvis 5 weli emuqreba. saqalaqosasamarTlos mier mSoblis meTvalyureobis qveSgaTavisuflebuli ymawvili saapelacio sasamarTlom Tavi<strong>da</strong>n<strong>da</strong>apatimra” (19 ivnisi) <strong>da</strong> “Sokoladis qurdobisTvis<strong>da</strong>kavebuli mozardis saqmeSi saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcveli CaerTo” (25ivlisi).6. 2008 wlis ivnisis bolo<strong>da</strong>n qarTul mediaSi gaCn<strong>da</strong> Tema:policiam saqme aRZra 15 wlis rati miloravas winaaRmdeg,romelsac bralad uyeneb<strong>da</strong>, erTi versiiT, kanfet “tofitas”miTvisebas, xolo, meore versiiT, supermarketis <strong>da</strong>cvisTanamSromlis fizikur Seuracxyofas. orive versiis SemTxvevaSi,faqti 2008 wlis 1 marts mox<strong>da</strong>. Zieba 20 maiss <strong>da</strong>iwyo, xolo 26ivniss 15 wlis mozardi <strong>da</strong>kiTxvaze gamoiZaxes. es faqti, SesaZloa,ase xmauriani ar yofiliyo, mas rom Tavi<strong>da</strong>nve politikuriSeferiloba ar miscemo<strong>da</strong>: rati milorava politikuri moZraoba“erTiani saqarTvelosaTvis” <strong>ge</strong>neraluri mdivnis eka beselias vaJia.39
arcerT gazeTSi Jurnalistebs faqti ar gamouZiebiaT. isinifaqtsac <strong>da</strong> komentarsac erTi respondentisgan – Tavad ekabeseliasgan iRebdnen:- “dRes eka beselias Svils <strong>da</strong>Weras upireben” (“rezonansi”, 30ivnisi);- “eka beselia Tavis Svils irakli oqruaSvils ugzavnis”(“kviris qronika”, 30 ivnisi – 5 ivlisi);- “rodesac Cems Svils iyeneben Cems winaaRmdeg, maSin sxvisiSvilebic cud mdgomareobaSi arian” (“alia”, 1-2 ivlisi);- “eka beselia: am saqmes strasburgamde mivyvebi” (“rezonansi”, 2ivlisi);- “eka beselia: SviliT angariSsworeba yvelaze pirsisxlianreJimsac ki ar ukadria!” (“asaval-<strong>da</strong>savali”, 7-13 ivlisi);- “eka beselia Tavisi Svilis saqmis gamyalbebels asaxelebs”(“alia”, 15-16 ivlisi);- “Cemi Svilis Cem gamo <strong>da</strong>sjas aravis vapatieb” (“reitingi”,#27).CamoTvlili<strong>da</strong>n mxolod erT statiaSi (“alia”, 15-16 ivlisi)Jurnalisti <strong>da</strong>rejan mefariSvili <strong>da</strong>ukavSir<strong>da</strong> gamomZiebel mziarostiaSvils, romelmac komentarisgan Tavi Seikava. verc am saqmezebraldebul giorgi xarbedias mamasTan, lado xarbediasTan<strong>da</strong>kavSireba SeZlo Jurnalistma.telekompaniebma mxolod erTxel gaaSuqes es faqti <strong>da</strong> mayurebelsSesTavazes prokuraturis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlisa <strong>da</strong> eka beseliaskomentarebi. mogvianebiT isini am faqts arc Sexebian. erTaderTigazeTi, romelmac gamoaqveyna Sinagan saqmeTa saministros pasuxi,“24 saaTia” (2 ivlisi: “Sss eka beselias pasuxobs”.).am faqtis arapolitikuri detalebi mkiTxveli <strong>da</strong> mayurebeliauditoriisTvis ucnobi <strong>da</strong>rCa. “tofitam” ki SeiZina precendentisZala. gazeTma “kviris qronikam” 14-20 ivlisis nomerSi gamoaqveynastatia saTauriT – “40-TeTriani “tofitas” qurdobisTvis – 4 weli”.“sami wlis win Cadenili “<strong>da</strong>naSaulisTvis” ganaCeni mxolod axla<strong>da</strong>dga.” karlo galoianma <strong>da</strong> dimitri aimovma sami wlis win irakligziriSvils “tofita” waarTves.7. kriminalur cnobierebasTan brZolis strategia, romelicxelisuflebam warmoadgina, moklevadian Sedegze ar arisgaTvlili. ufro efeqturi meTodebiT cdilobs qurduli samyaroreabilitacias <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi kvlav aRvivebs“quCis akademiis” faseulobebs. am saxelwodebi<strong>da</strong>n naTlad Cans, romquCuri cxovrebis Tun<strong>da</strong>c ramdenimewliani ciklis gavla CvenSilamis aucilebloba<strong>da</strong>c aris miCneuli. am Temaze levansefiskveraZe gazeT “versiaSi” aqveynebs statias “21-e quCis akademia<strong>da</strong> quCis biWebi”.40
<strong>da</strong>skvna:- yvela reportaJi <strong>da</strong>naSaulis Sesaxeb, gazeTSi iqneba igiTu televiziiTa <strong>da</strong> radioTi, un<strong>da</strong> asaxavdes srulsuraTs: Jurnalists ar un<strong>da</strong> gamorCes arsebiTi detali,un<strong>da</strong> eZebos <strong>da</strong>naSaulis Cadenis mizezebi <strong>da</strong> masTan<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli tendenciebi;- umravles SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom yovelTvis,Jurnalistebi informaciis upirobo wyarod iyenebenpoliciis operatiul informacias an sasamarTlosxdomis oqms. mxolod oficialur wyaroebze<strong>da</strong>yrdnoba, rodesac saqme arasrulwlovanis Cadenil<strong>da</strong>naSauls Seexeba, odnav primitiulia. ufro metiinformaciis wyaroa mosaZebni;- arasrulwlovanTa mier Cadenili <strong>da</strong>naSaulis <strong>gaSuqeba</strong><strong>da</strong>clili un<strong>da</strong> iyos skan<strong>da</strong>lurobisgan. ganxiluli (<strong>da</strong>mogrovili) statiebis umravlesobas sensaciurobiTSeferili saTaurebi aqvs;- Jurnalistebi <strong>da</strong> re<strong>da</strong>qtorebi xan<strong>da</strong>xan mainc midian“<strong>da</strong>Tmobaze” <strong>da</strong> statiebsa Tu telereportaJebSiacxadeben <strong>da</strong>mnaSave arasrulwlovanis saxelsa <strong>da</strong> gvars;- <strong>da</strong>naSaulis Sesaxeb reportaJis momzadebisasgansakuTrebuli yuradReba umn<strong>da</strong> mieqces teqstisformulirebas. <strong>da</strong>naSauli TavisTavad moicavsdramatul elementebs, amitom saWiro ar arismovlenebis ufro metad gamZafreba kliSeebisgamoyenebiT.c) Zaladobis msxverplni15 ivliss “rusTavi-2”-s sainformacio gamoSvebaSi gavi<strong>da</strong> siuJeti,romelSic arasrulwlovnebs sajarod, qalaqis centrSi Sekrebilimoqalaqeebis Tan<strong>da</strong>swrebiT prostituciaSi amxeldnen. 13 <strong>da</strong> 16 wlisasakis gogonebis cxovrebis detalebi saaSkaraoze <strong>bavSvTa</strong>ufl;ebebis <strong>da</strong>cvis saqalaqo samsaxuris xelmZRvanelebmagamoitanes. mogvianebiT, amave siuJetSi samsaxuris ufrosi maguligiorgaZe Tavis qmedebas ase xsni<strong>da</strong>:“veRar movToke nervebi. me vTqvi, rom ga<strong>da</strong>iReT-meTqi. me bavSvebisga<strong>da</strong>Reba ki ar mindo<strong>da</strong>, me im xalxis ga<strong>da</strong>Reba mindo<strong>da</strong>, romelmacki ar aRkveTes es yvelaferi, piriqiT, xeli SemiSales, rom bavSvebigamomeyvana <strong>da</strong> mSoblisTvis Camebarebina, romelic, sxvaTa Soris,iqve iyo. me mapatios sazogadoebam. rac Cemi profesiulisaqmianobiT migrovebia, guSin wyalSi Caiyara yvelaferi.”41
ase amxiles sajarod prostituciaSi sami arasrulwlovani gogona,romlebic quTaisis centralur baRSi dRis saaTebSi isxdnen. aseTiasocialuri qmedebis <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebeli mtkicebulebebi araviswarmoud<strong>ge</strong>nia. <strong>bavSvTa</strong> uflebebis <strong>da</strong>mcveli samsaxurisxelmZRvaneli ki iTxov<strong>da</strong>, rom gogonasTvis qudi ga<strong>da</strong>exa<strong>da</strong>T <strong>da</strong>misi saxe kamerebs aRebeW<strong>da</strong>T.www.humanrights.<strong>ge</strong>–ze 22 ivliss gamoqveynebul statiaSi “vin arRvevs<strong>bavSvTa</strong> uflebebs?” ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministros obol<strong>da</strong> mzrunvelobamoklebul <strong>bavSvTa</strong> mitovebisa <strong>da</strong> prevenciissamsaxuris socialuri muSaki nana i<strong>da</strong>Ze gamoTqvams Tavismosazrebas quTaisSi momx<strong>da</strong>r faqtze:“sxvanairad rogor un<strong>da</strong> gagvego <strong>da</strong> aRgveqva faqti, roca issamsaxuri, romelic piriqiT, un<strong>da</strong> icavdes <strong>bavSvTa</strong> uflebebs,saxalxod Seuracxyofs arasrulwlovnebs. ra mniSvneloba aqvsprostituciaSi arian isini CarTuli Tu sxva saqmeSi. Cveni qveyana1994 wels gaeros <strong>bavSvTa</strong> konvencias SeuerT<strong>da</strong>, sa<strong>da</strong>c gasa<strong>ge</strong>ba<strong>da</strong>a<strong>da</strong>fiqsirebuli, rom yvela bavSvs aqvs Rirseba <strong>da</strong> aravis aqvsufleba, Selaxos igi. gar<strong>da</strong> imisa, rom am bavSvebis saqcielisaaSkaraoze gamoitanes, fizikuri Seuracxyofac miayenes maT. amasgamarTleba ubralod ara aqvs.”am faqtTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT saa<strong>ge</strong>nto “interpresniusiT” gavrcelebuliinformacia gazeTma “aliam” 17-18 ivlisis nomerSi gamoaqveynasaTauriT – “11 <strong>da</strong> 13 wlis “prostitutkebi” <strong>da</strong>akaves”.aSkaraa, rom ekranze nanaxi Zaladoba mayurebelTa grZnobebisgamZafrebas iwvevs. auditoria mwvaved aRiqvams Zaladobis scenebs,miT umetes Tu is sinamdvileSi xdeba an axlosaa mis miergancdilTan. ga<strong>da</strong>cemis avtorma <strong>da</strong> produserma un<strong>da</strong>gaiTvaliswinos:- Seesabameba Tu ara Zaladobis faqti ga<strong>da</strong>cemis Sinaarss?- ra gavlenas moaxdens Zaladobis epizodebi mayurebelze,romelic maT pirvelad uyurebs?- ra efeqti eqneba Zaladobis amsaxveli masalis Semcveliga<strong>da</strong>cemebis miyolebiT an ganmeorebiT Cvenebas? (46)yvelaze xSirad Zaladobis amsaxvel masalad mediaSi gvxvdebagaupatiurebis faqtebi, romelic gazeT “rezonansis” erT-erTisaTauris Tanaxmad, “matulobs”. statistikis departamentis vebgverdzeganTavsebuli informaciiT, gaupatiurebisa <strong>da</strong>gaupatiurebis mcdelobisTvis 2001 wels gaasamarTles 29 piri, 2002wels – 27, 2003 welsac – 27, 2004 wels – 33, 2005 wels – 25, 2006wels – 74. amave monacemebis mixedviT, msjavrdebulTa asakobrivizRvari 18-<strong>da</strong>n 55 wlamdea, xolo <strong>da</strong>zaralebulebis – 8-<strong>da</strong>n 50wlamde. qalTa sakonsultacio centris “saxlis” xelmZRvaneli,fsiqologi rusu<strong>da</strong>n fxakaZe ambobs:42
“sazogadoeba imdenad arasworad aris orientirebuli, rom Tu Senam ambavs axmaureb, e.i. Sen arafris ar grcxvenia. amaze xmamaRlasaubari did gambe<strong>da</strong>obasTan aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli. Sinagana<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>mianebi rogor ganicdian tkivils, es ekranze ar Cans. Tu isiniamaze mSralad <strong>da</strong> “utifrad” saubroben, es ar niSnavs, rom maTtramva ar gauvliaT <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>R<strong>da</strong>smulebi ar arian. Cveni sazogadoebamaSin iqneba ganviTarebuli, roca imis unari <strong>da</strong> mixvedra eqneba,rom Tu a<strong>da</strong>mians ar etyoba, ar niSnavs, rom ar stkiva.” (47)1. samauwyeblo kompania “rusTavi-2”-ma 5 aprils programa “P.S.”-Siga<strong>da</strong>sca reportaJi gurjaanis raionis sofel bakurcixeSiarasrulwlovani gogonas gaupatiurebis Taobaze. siuJetis avtors,ana asaTians mouwia ganmarteba, rom gogonas saxeli <strong>da</strong> gvari –li<strong>da</strong> moseSvili gamogonilia <strong>da</strong> ar asaxavs sinamdviles. siuJetSimisi saxec ar Cans, Tumca identificirebis Zalian bevri elementiasaxeze: Tavad sofeli, ezo-kar-mi<strong>da</strong>mo, mezoblebi, gansakuTrebiTTviTmxilveli maia kobaxiZe. igi detalurad aRwers sqesobriviaqtis mimdinareobas, rasac fanjri<strong>da</strong>n adevneb<strong>da</strong> Tvals <strong>da</strong> SemdgomsiuJetSi upirispirdeba kidec li<strong>da</strong>s: “sad iyo, Svilo, mandZaladoba?!” aseve agdebuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba aqvs momx<strong>da</strong>ri faqtismimarT sxva Tanasoflelebs: “gaupatiureba ara isa... 2 welia maggogoze eg saubari midis...”aseTi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis uapelacio CvenebiT <strong>da</strong> soflis calsaxaganwyobiT iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom an gaupatiurebis faqti aryofila saerTod <strong>da</strong> gogona igonebs, an eWvi un<strong>da</strong> SevitanoTgogonas yofaqcevaSi. erTaderTi a<strong>da</strong>miani, vinc gaupatiurebuligogonas <strong>da</strong> misi ojaxis Rirsebas icavs, aris erTi aRelvebulimamakaci, romelic siuJetis pirvelsave kadrSi gineb-ginebiT miiwevsvinme <strong>da</strong>Tos sacemad. es <strong>da</strong>To, siuJetis mixedviT, arisgamaupatiurebeli <strong>da</strong>To maqaZe.siuJetSi arc faruli gamoZiebis meTodebi iyo gamoyenebuli <strong>da</strong>arc oficialuri wyaroebisgan miRebuli informacia. TavisTavadCndeba kiTxva: risTvis gakeT<strong>da</strong> siuJeti? raSi mdgomareobs issazogadoebrivi interesi, ris gamoc, SesaZloa, programa<strong>da</strong>interesebuliyo arasrulwlovani gogonas gaupatiurebis faqtiT?2. wnorSi 16 wlis Tamunas gaupatiurebis faqtze pirvelad siuJetimoamza<strong>da</strong> radio “hereTma” (lagodexi). madona batiaSvilis 5-wuTiansiuJetSi <strong>da</strong>zaralebuli gogona saubrobs 3,5 wuTi. igi detalura<strong>da</strong>Rwers Tavisi 3-dRiani gauCinarebis <strong>da</strong>, rogorc Tavadve ambobs,Zaladobis istorias. misi CarTvebi gaformebulia xmebiT: rodesacsaubrobs vinme lia mindiaSvilis manqanaze, ismis manqanis muxruWisxma; sazamTros baRze saubrisas, sa<strong>da</strong>c pirvelad gaaupatiures,ismis baRis xmebi <strong>da</strong> yvavis Cxavili, rac <strong>da</strong>matebiT amZafrebs43
suraTs. aseTi audio xerxebis gamoyeneba sakmaod safrTxiloa – igimet mxatvrulobas sZens siuJets.15-16 aprilis “aliaSi” aseve radio “hereTze” <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT qveyndebastatia “gaupatiurebuli arasrulwlovani 7 kacs a<strong>da</strong>naSaulebs.”marTalia, gogona 7 kacs adeb<strong>da</strong> xels, brali mxolod samswauyenes.“<strong>da</strong>zaralebuli gogona policiisTvis micemul pirvel CvenebaSiambobs, rom is ucnobma qalbatonma quCi<strong>da</strong>n moitaca <strong>da</strong> gayidviT<strong>da</strong>emuqra. braldebulis ojaxi ki amtkicebs, rom ucnobi qalbatoni,romelsac gogona Tavis usiamovno Tavga<strong>da</strong>savlis avtoradmiiCnev<strong>da</strong>, saqmeSi aRar figurirebs. saqmeSi aRar Cans arc “pokerklubi”<strong>da</strong> arc tbis teritoriaze arsebuli qoxi, romelzec gogonaTav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad saubrob<strong>da</strong>.”statiaSi ukve bevri SeuTavseblobaa im pirvel siuJetTan, romelicaseve radio “hereTma” moamza<strong>da</strong>. “ucnobi qalbatoni” aris liamindiaSvili, romelic pirvel siuJetSi ”hereTs” Cawerili hyavskidec. Tavad radiosac gauCn<strong>da</strong> kiTxvebi, romelzec gamoZiebisze<strong>da</strong>mxedveli nugzar lazariaSvili ar pasuxob<strong>da</strong>:“sofelSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>zaralebuli gogona cxovrobs, momx<strong>da</strong>rTan<strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT azrTa sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvaobaa. mezoblebis erTi nawiliambobs, rom Tavga<strong>da</strong>savali gogonasTvis pirveli ar aris <strong>da</strong> misiistoria maTTvis kargad cnobilia. sxvebi ki mas <strong>da</strong>debiTa<strong>da</strong>xasiaTeben <strong>da</strong> acxadeben, rom msgavsi ram arasdros SemTxvevia.”ukve msmenelic <strong>da</strong> mkiTxvelic winaaRmdegobaSi Cavar<strong>da</strong>. 17 ivniss kigazeTma “rezonansma” gamoaqveyna statia: “16 wlis gogonasgaupatiurebisaTvis 16-16 weli miusajes”.seqsualuri <strong>da</strong>naSaulis msxverplis vinaobis gaumJRavnelobaakmarisi ar aris. sifrTxilis sagan<strong>ge</strong>bo zomebia misaRebi, romTavi<strong>da</strong>n aviciloT e.w. “portretis Sed<strong>ge</strong>na”. es xdeba maSin, rodesacaxali ambebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saSualeba msxverplis Sesaxebgansxvavebul monacemebs gadmoscems. Tu arsebobs “portretisSed<strong>ge</strong>nis” saSiSroeba, mediam yvela <strong>da</strong>ma<strong>da</strong>sturebeli detalisganTavi un<strong>da</strong> Seikavos, rom ar moxdes identifikacia. ar un<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>asaxelos misamarTi an raime kavSiri <strong>da</strong>naSaulSi gareulia<strong>da</strong>mianebis, an <strong>da</strong>zaralebulis <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>naSaul;is adgilis Sesaxeb.mizezi, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, msxverplis <strong>da</strong>cvaa.Jurnal “gzis” me-13 nomerSi gamoqveynebuli statia “14 wlisgogonas gaupatiurebisa <strong>da</strong> gatacebisaTvis 3 axalgazr<strong>da</strong>s ganaCenigamoutanes” zemoTaxsnili principebis <strong>da</strong>cviT aris momzadebuli –<strong>da</strong>culia <strong>da</strong>zaralebulisa <strong>da</strong> gamtaceblebis vinaobis saidumloeba;statiis avtors megi canavas ar <strong>da</strong>usaxelebia arc is <strong>da</strong>saxlebulipunqti, sa<strong>da</strong>c cxovrobdnen gatacebamde statiis personaJebi. man44
siuJeti, savaraudod, sasamarTlo <strong>da</strong>kiTxvis oqmebze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiTaago. Jurnalists erTaderTio respondenti hyavs – <strong>da</strong>zaralebulisde<strong>da</strong>. amave Jurnalis 26-e nomerSi gamoqveynebuli statia “Tu imasar gaakeTeb, rasac <strong>ge</strong>tyvi, am <strong>da</strong>niT <strong>da</strong>gWri...” aRwers 11 wlisgogonas gaupatiurebis istorias, romelsac TiTqmis 10 TvisganmavlobaSi aupatiureb<strong>da</strong> 46 wlis mamakaci.3. lanCxuTSi meoTxeklaseli biWis gaupatiurebis faqtiTav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad lanCxuTSi gamomavalma gazeTma “ho <strong>da</strong> aram”gaaSuqa. es istoria gasuli wlis oqtomberSi <strong>da</strong>iwyo. “lanCxuTSiseqsualuri maniakia Tu cru brali” – ase erqva pirvel statias,romelSic saubari iyo bavSvis gaupatiurebaze Zveli kinoTeatrisSenobaSi, mZime operaciaze, romelic am bavSvs gaukeTes swornawlavze quTaisSi. iqve iyo miniSnebebi savaraudo moZaladeze.“ojaxi ukidures gaWirvebaSi cxovrobs. mama, romelic erTaderTimarCenali iyo, ori wlis win sacxovrebeli saxlis saxuravi<strong>da</strong>ngadmovar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>iRupa. <strong>da</strong>zaralebuls hyavs umcrosidedmamiSvili, romelsac avadmyofi dedis meTvalyureoba sWirdeba.”aseTi identifikaciiT lanCxuTSi ar un<strong>da</strong> gaWirdes meoTxeklaselibavSvis vinaobis <strong>da</strong>d<strong>ge</strong>na. am bavSvs axl<strong>da</strong> kidev ori megobari,romelTagan erTma moaswro gaqceva, meore ki aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> kinoTeatristeritoriaze. samive bavSvis pirvelive Cveneba identuri iyo, ramacbevri eWvi gaaCina. gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, rac sasamarTlosamedicinoeqspertizam <strong>da</strong>adgina, rom aranair Zaladobas adgiliar hqonia <strong>da</strong> bavSvs adri<strong>da</strong>nve awuxeb<strong>da</strong> nawlavebis problema.“es bavSvebi ise detalurad hyvebian yvelafers, rom SeuZlebeliaamxela, Tun<strong>da</strong>c fantazia hqondeT. <strong>da</strong>naSauli Cadenilia. es faqtia”,- gviTxra erT-erTi <strong>da</strong>zaralebulis mSobelma.”oTxi dRiT <strong>da</strong>kavebuli eWvmitanili z.x. gamouSves. gazeTi“lanCxuTis moambe”, romelic meti Tav<strong>da</strong>WerilobiT aSuqeb<strong>da</strong> amfaqts, statiaSi “<strong>da</strong>mnaSave Tu gantevebis vaci” pir<strong>da</strong>pir wers:“oficialur gamoZiebas am etapze aRniSnul qmedebaSi eWvmitaniliukve hyavs, romelic aRiarebiT Cvenebas iZleva. is sofel SuxuTismcxovrebi kaxa mukbaniania.”gazeTi arafers ambobs imaze, Tu axali eWvmitanilis vinaoba ratomgaamxila. axali eWvmitanilis gamoCenisTanave SimSiloba <strong>da</strong>iwyoerT-erTi <strong>da</strong>zaralebulis (gaqceulis) de<strong>da</strong>m, tatiana oTxmezurma.Sesabamisad, gaiTqva bavSvis vinaobac:“marTalia, Cemi Svili mas gaeqca, magram es rom vinmem wamoaZaxos,xom un<strong>da</strong> moklas?! ratom mxveven SarSi? ra, me mivedi, saCivariSevitane Tu ra? ratom <strong>da</strong>asaxeles Cemi biWic?”45
lanCxuTSi gamomavali mesame gazeTi “lanCxuTi plus” am faqtsmxolod mcire korespondenciiT gamoexmaura, saTauriT: “winaswarigamoZieba Sewy<strong>da</strong>, magram kidev araerTi kiTxvaa pasuxgaucemeli”.mTavari kiTxva marTla upasuxod <strong>da</strong>rCa: marTla gaaupatiures Tuara meoTxeklaseli biWi?4. istoria, romelic wina qveTavSi movaTavse, ojaxuri Zaladobisklasikuri nimuSic aris: 16 wlis gogonam mokla sakuTari mama,romelic masTan sqesobriv kavSirSi imyofebo<strong>da</strong> 4 weli. gazeTma“kviris palitram” 21-e nomerSi am Temas miuZRvna statia “vendetaoTxwliani jojoxeTisTvis”. re<strong>da</strong>qciam faqtis komentireba sTxovafsiqolog goCa goSaZes:“bevrs icnobT iseTs, romelic acxadebs policiaSi, rom de<strong>da</strong> scemsan mama? an bevr qals icnobT iseTs, romelic moZalade qmarspoliciaSi uCivlebs? Cvens kulturaSi ojaxis ambis gareT gatanasircxvilad iTvleba. ojaxuri problemebi policiis yuramde maSinmidis, roca situacia Zalze kritikulia.”mamebis mxri<strong>da</strong>n qaliSvilebze Zaladobis faqtebi <strong>da</strong>edo safuZvladgazeT “axali gazeTis” (quTaisi) statias “sakuTari mSoblebismsxverpli bavSvebi”. gazeTis mTavari informatori aris quTaisismeriis <strong>bavSvTa</strong> uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cvis samsaxuris xelmZRvaneli maguligiorgaZe, romlis Sesaxeb zemoT vrclad visaubre. igi JurnalistssTavazobs or faqts:VI.VII.mamam gaaupatiura 14 wlis qaliSvili, romelic axla 6 TvisfexmZimed aris <strong>da</strong> amis Sesaxeb saberZneTSi wasulma de<strong>da</strong>mSeatyobina meriis samsaxurs. bavSvs mwvave fsiqikuri aSlilobaaqvs. axla igi izolirebuli hyavT mSoblebisgan;meeqvseklaseli gogona aRiarebs, rom ukve 5 welia mamasTansqesobrivi kavSiri aqvs.am Temebze maguli giorgaZe saubrob<strong>da</strong> telekompania “rionis” Toq-Sou “dRis TemaSi”, xolo 5 ivniss amave arxis ga<strong>da</strong>cema“profesionalSi” imave Temaze msjelob<strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>rgisspecialistebTan erTad.Tema, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, problemuria, Tumca aseTi formiT mowodebulmasalas aklia <strong>da</strong>majerebloba. Jurnalists Tavad ar unaxavsarcerTi faqtis aranairi mtkicebuleba. aRsaniSnavia, “axaligazeTis” statiis Tanmxlebi fotosuraTi, romelzec gamosaxuliapatara bavSvi: bavSvi dgas quCis moajirTan <strong>da</strong> gahyurebs gzas.fotos aseTi minaweri aqvs: “quTaisSi mamis mxri<strong>da</strong>n Svilisgaupatiurebis faqtebi gaxSir<strong>da</strong>.” marTalia, fotoze bavSvi saxiTar Cans, magram igi sakmaod konkretulia <strong>da</strong> odnav uxerxulia aseTiminawerisTvis.46
5. ozur<strong>ge</strong>Tis raionuli gazeTi “alioni” ojaxuri ZaladobisSesaxeb periodulad aqveynebs ganmartebiTi xasiaTis statiebs. “ara– Zaladobas!” (24 marti), “ojaxuri Zaladoba mTeli sazogadoebisproblemaa” (6 aprili), “kanons ojaxuri Zaladobis Sesaxebsazogadoeba ukeT un<strong>da</strong> icnobdes.” (17 ivnisi). ufro konkretulistoriebs am gazeTSi jer ar aqveyneben.<strong>ge</strong>la mTivliSvilis statia “Zaladoba dedobis saxeliT,” romelicregionul gazeT “imedSi” (gurjaani) gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong>, erTi ojaxismagaliTze uCvenebs Zaladobis anatomias.“15 wlis giorgi samarTal<strong>da</strong>mcavebma mcire xnis win qurdobisbraldebiT <strong>da</strong>apatimres. ojaxis axloblebis TqmiT, kriminalismizezi arasaTanado pirobebSi yofna gax<strong>da</strong>. autanel pirobebSiizrdeba giorgis 4 mcirewlovani <strong>da</strong>-Zmac. alkoholiki de<strong>da</strong>Svilebs sastikad epyroba. mezoblebis informaciiT, <strong>da</strong>mSeulibavSvebis Cawynarebas igi xSirad alkoholuri sasmeliT cdilobs,winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ki maT fizikurad uswordeba.”am statiaSi eTikuri normebi <strong>da</strong>culia. arc ojaxis romelime wevrisidentificirebaa SesaZlebeli. ufro metad <strong>da</strong>sazustebeliawyaroebi.lali rozomaSvili ki Tavis statiaSi “de<strong>da</strong> mkvlelobebzemcirewlovan SvilTan erTad <strong>da</strong>dio<strong>da</strong>!” (gazeTi “versia”, 30 ivnisi-1ivlisi) pir<strong>da</strong>pir asaxelebs 37 wlis bela musaevas. igi im<strong>da</strong>jgufebis wevri iyo, romelic sastikad uswordebo<strong>da</strong> moxucqalbatonebs. winaswari gamoZiebiT, bolo 8 wlis ganmavlobaSi maToTxi moxuci mokles <strong>da</strong> am saqmeebze, Jurnalistis mtkicebiT, belamcirewlovan <strong>bavSvTa</strong>n erTad <strong>da</strong>dio<strong>da</strong>. Jurnalisti statiaSiasaxelebs bavSvis vinaobasac. mozardebis Semdgomi sazogadoebrivireabilitaciisTvis aseTi ram <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia.Zaladobis winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblisprograma “moambes” siuJeti imis Taobaze, rom mSoblebis 66procenti bavSvebis <strong>da</strong>sasjelad sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formas iyenebs. dedebis37 procenti cemas amjobinebs. es cifrebi UNICEF-is kvlevisSedegia, romelic Jurnalistma sakmaod STambeW<strong>da</strong>vad aqciasiuJetad. siuJeti ar ganicdis bavSvebis gamosaxulebis naklebobas,Tumca arcerTi maTgani ar asocirdeba Zaladobis msxverplTan.<strong>da</strong>skvna:- ar SeiZleba, sensaciuri iyos masala, romelic bavSvebzeZaladobis Semcvel kadrebs Seicavs. misi miwodeba didisifrTxiliT un<strong>da</strong> moxdes. ekranze nanaxi ZaladobamayurebelTa grZnobebis gamZafrebas iwvevs. auditoria47
mwvaved aRiqvams Zaladobis scenebs. Jurnalistebma <strong>da</strong>re<strong>da</strong>qtorebma es un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinon;- Zaladobis msxverplis, miT umetes arasrulwlovanis,raime formiT identificireba yovlad <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia.gansaxilvel masalebSi iyo statiebi <strong>da</strong> reportaJebi,sa<strong>da</strong>c Zaladobis msxverplTa amocnoba sirTules arwarmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns;- is reportaJebi, romlis drosac gamoiyeneba movlenebisaRd<strong>ge</strong>na, mkacri kriteriumebiT un<strong>da</strong> momzaddes.mizanSewonili ar aris musikaluri fonisa <strong>da</strong> sxvaxmovani efeqtebis gamoyeneba ufro metidramatizebisTvis;II. arasrulwlovanTa vinaobaukve araerTi magaliTi ganvixile, rodesac arasrulwlovanisvinaoba konfidencialurad ar iyo <strong>da</strong>culi. UNICEF-is miermomzadebul saxelmZRvaneloSi “<strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> <strong>gaSuqeba</strong>mediaSi” vkiTxulobT:“bavSvis vinaobis gamJRavneba mxolod misi cnobadi portretisgamoqveynebiTa Tu teleekranze CvenebiT rodi SeiZleba. xSiradJurnalistebi saqveynod acxadeben bavSvis saxelsa <strong>da</strong> gvars,msxvili planiT gviCveneben mis sacxovrebels, quCas, iRebenintervius mezoblebisagan – asaxeleben iseT detalebs, romelTamixedviTac vinaobis amocnoba sirTules aRar warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns.” (48)bakurcixisa <strong>da</strong> lanCxuTis istoriebSi Jurnalistma konkretuladsaxeebi ar aCvena, magram yvela miniSneba gaakeTa arasrulwlovanisvinaobis amosacnobad. Jurnalistma pir<strong>da</strong>pir <strong>da</strong>asaxela 7 wlisbiWis gaupatiurebaSi eWvmitanili, aseve arasrulwlovani – 18 wlisgiorgi janaSia <strong>da</strong> arsad statiaSi ar ganumartavs, rom misi saxeliSecvlilia. sxva statiaSi – “14 wlis giorgim homoseqsualimaswavlebeli <strong>da</strong>niT mokla!” miTiTebulia, rom giorgi ivaniZe araris namdvili saxeli <strong>da</strong> gvari <strong>da</strong> igi bavSvis interesebi<strong>da</strong>ngamomdinare Secvlilia, Tumca <strong>da</strong>narCeni yvela miniSneba<strong>da</strong>tovebulia: “giorgi” swavlob<strong>da</strong> zestafonis pe<strong>da</strong>gogikisa <strong>da</strong>xelovnebis liceumis meaTe klasSi <strong>da</strong> misi pe<strong>da</strong>gogi iyo <strong>da</strong>viTsamsonia, romelic Semdeg man mokla.gazeTma “baTumelebma” statia “mZime <strong>da</strong>naSaulis axali versiebi” 15wlis gogonas gaupatiurebisa <strong>da</strong> mokvlis faqtze moamzades.Jurnalistma, yovelgvari miniSnebis gareSe, pir<strong>da</strong>pir <strong>da</strong>asaxelamisi vinaoba (diana manukiani) <strong>da</strong> gamoaqveyna arasrulwlovanisfoto. imave nomerSi gamoqveynebul sxva statiaSi – “eqvsi wlis48
gogona gaaupatiures” Jurnalistma <strong>da</strong>icva vinaobiskonfidencialobis principi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>zaralebulisa <strong>da</strong> misi ojaxiswevrebis saxelebi pirobiTad SearCia.qarTuli televiziebi <strong>da</strong> gazeTebi iSviaTad icaven “<strong>mediis</strong>profesiul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebSi” Caweril princips:“informaciam arasrulwlovanis mier Cadenili marTlsawinaaRmdegoqmedebis Sesaxeb ar un<strong>da</strong> Seaferxos <strong>da</strong> gaarTulos misisazogadoebrivi reabilitacia. aseT SemTxvevebSi ar un<strong>da</strong> iyosSesaZlebeli vinaobis identificireba (Tu saqme recidivs ar exeba).”“me giorgi qa<strong>da</strong>giSvili un<strong>da</strong> momekla. beqas mokvlas ar vapirebdi”– aseTi saTauri aqvs “versiaSi” gamoqveynebul iliamartyofliSvilis statias. statiaSi pir<strong>da</strong>pir aris moxseniebulimkvlelobaSi eWvmitanili Temur sozaSvili. aseve pir<strong>da</strong>pir arisnaxsenebi 16 wlis irakli WrelaSvilis mkvlelobaSi eWvmitanili,aseve arasrulwlovani giorgi andriaSvili statiaSi “bzoba dResiraklis gulSi <strong>da</strong>nis pirveli <strong>da</strong>rtyma jvarma aisxlita!” (gazeTi“versia”, 25-29 aprili)10 wlis giorgi gviSianis foto gazeTma “axalma gazeTma” 2006 wlis23-29 oqtombris nomerSi gamoaqveyna. Tea zibzibaZis statia“deportiT gaTavisuflebuli “mZevlebi” ruseTi<strong>da</strong>n deportirebulquTaiselebs Seexebo<strong>da</strong>. statiaSi ewera:“ukve garkveulia 10 wlis giorgi gviSianis adgilsamyofelic.ruseTSi <strong>da</strong>wyebuli areulobisas, is mamam bebiasTan erTad,saqarTveloSi baqos matarebliT gamoamgzavra. matarebels<strong>da</strong>RestanSi samxedroebi <strong>da</strong>xvdnen. q. derbendSi giorgi bebias<strong>da</strong>aciles <strong>da</strong> mas upatronoTa saxlSi upirebdnen ga<strong>da</strong>yvanas.“matarebelSi am dros 22 wlis quTaiseli SoTa jiSkarianiimyofebo<strong>da</strong>. mas deporti gaukeTes. jiSkarianma bavSvis moparvamoaxerxa. iqve lekebi yofilan <strong>da</strong> bavSvebi maT SeufarebiaT” –ambobs maguli giorgaZe.sabolood bavSvebis transportireba moxerx<strong>da</strong>. imereTis mxarisa <strong>da</strong>sakonsulos warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebi maT saqarTvelo-azerbaijanissazRvarTan <strong>da</strong>xvdnen <strong>da</strong> qalaqSi <strong>da</strong>abrunes.”imave wlis 20-26 noembris nomerSi gazeTma gamoaqveyna giorgigviSianis bebiis, nato qajaias samadlobelo werili yvela ima<strong>da</strong>mianis mimarT, vinc <strong>da</strong>exmara SviliSvilis uvneblad CamoyvanaSi.baraTs bebiam <strong>da</strong>urTo SviliSvilis foto <strong>da</strong> miawera:“dRes gia gviSiani umweod <strong>da</strong> usasoo<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>rCenili. Svelas <strong>da</strong>Tanadgomas elis yvela qarTvelisagan, radganac bebos am mZimeyofisgan jangatexils Zala aRar erCis ibrZolos arsebobisTvis.”re<strong>da</strong>qcias eWvi ar Seutania bebiis am samadlobel werilSi, magram 3kviris Semdeg sapasuxo werili gamoaqveyna giorgi gviSianis de<strong>da</strong>m,49
maka sal<strong>da</strong>Zem, saTauriT: “bebia, romelic bavSviT spekulirebs”.statia gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong> fasian sareklamo farTze <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebamSeityo, rom bavSvi aris rZal-de<strong>da</strong>mTilis gamwvavebuliurTierTobis savaWro sagani:“gia gviSians aravis <strong>da</strong>xmareba <strong>da</strong> Tanadgoma ar sWirdeba, massaukeTeso pirobebi aqvs Tavis de<strong>da</strong>sTan, sa<strong>da</strong>c bebia ar aZlevssaSualebas, rom icxovros, imis gamo, rom TviTon iyos biniTuzrunvelyofili” –ambobs maka sal<strong>da</strong>Ze Tavis werilSi <strong>da</strong> askvnis:“bavSvs, romelic 9 weli de<strong>da</strong>m gazar<strong>da</strong>, bebia momavals arTmevs”gia gviSianis bebiam ga<strong>da</strong>wyvita sapasuxo werilis gamoqveyneba,magram mas re<strong>da</strong>qciam fasian farTzec uari uTxra. saqmesasamarTlomde mivi<strong>da</strong>. nato qajaia uCio<strong>da</strong> rZals, resurs-centrs,romelmac dedobis ufleba ar CamoarTva maka sal<strong>da</strong>Zes <strong>da</strong> “axalgazeTs”, romelmac pasuxi ar gamoaqveynebina. gazeTis mTavarire<strong>da</strong>qtori, ia boboxiZe ambobs:“Cveni Secdoma is iyo, rom bavSvis foto gamovaqveyneT.”gazeT “24 saaTis” 11 ivlisis nomerSi gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong> statia “dedobisufleba ar CamoarTves”. sasamarTlos ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebiT, bavSvi un<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>ubrundes de<strong>da</strong>s, xolo bebias masTan urTierTobis akrZalva ar<strong>da</strong>wesebia.faqtia, rom bavSvis fotos gamoqveynebam sakmaod rTulmanipulaciebs <strong>da</strong>udo saTave, romelic weliwadnaxevars gagrZel<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong> Tavis kvals uTuod <strong>da</strong>amCnevs bavSvis fsiqikas.eTikuri normebis <strong>da</strong>rRveviT axdens Jurnali “reitingi” badripatarkaciSvilis vaJis identifikacias. Jurnalis me-8 nomerSigamoqveynebul statias hqvia: “badri patarkaciSvils 15 wlisukanono Svili aRmoaCn<strong>da</strong>”.<strong>da</strong>skvna:- arasrulwlovanTa vinaobis gaTqma maSinac ki arSeiZleba, Tu saqme mis mier CadenilmarTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebas exeba;- Tu mediasaSualeba qveyanaSi arsebulantisazogadoebriv an kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebasaSuqebs, romelSic BavSvebi arian CarTulni, saerTod araris saWiro bavSvebis <strong>da</strong>konkreteba;50
- bavSvis fotos gamoqveyneba gazeTSi Zalian safrTxiloa<strong>da</strong> aucilebelia misi mSoblis an meurvis Tanxmoba.III. bavSvebi <strong>da</strong> ganaTlebaerTaderTi gazeTi, romelsac aqvs mudmivi rubrika “ganaTleba”,gazeTi “baTumelebia”. yovel nomerSi gazeTi mkiTxvels sTavazobsaxal informaciebs saganmanaTleblo sferoze, riTac xazs usvamsim faqts, rom ganaTlebis sistema dRes Cveni sazogadoebiscxovrebis yvelaze mgrZnobiare <strong>da</strong> amave dros yvelaze dinamiurisferoa. amitom re<strong>da</strong>qcia sTavazobs mkiTxvels, rom ganaTlebissakiTxebi interaqtiul reJimSi ganixilon. 2-9 aprilis nomerSigamoqveyn<strong>da</strong> moswavleebis kiTxvebi <strong>da</strong> Txovnebi aWaris ganaTlebisministrisadmi. momdevno nomerSi ministrma upasuxa am kiTxvebs. 16-23aprilis nomerSi ki ukve saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebisministri pasuxobs gazeTis kiTxvebs.“baTumelebma” wamoiwyes diskusia Tormetwliani swavlebis Taobaze.masSi monawileoben moswavleebic, maswavleblebic, mSoblebic, sxva<strong>da</strong>interesebuli pirebic. magaliTad, 18-25 ivnisis nomerSi“meTormete klasis Sesaxeb” saubrobs baTumis me-16 sajaro skolisdireqtori, TamTa kvaracxelia.“rac Seexeba saswavlo programas, is iTvaliswinebs 18 wlisaxalgazrdis momzadebas umaRlesi saswavleblisTvis. aqe<strong>da</strong>ngamomdinare, aucilebeli sulac araa, yvelam iswavlos IIIsafexurze.”gazeTi “kviris qronikac” exmianeba meTormete klasis problemas,oRond sxvagvarad. “ra moigones es Tormeti klasi, skolaSi un<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>maberon gauTxovari?!” – wuxs 17 wlis, meaTeklaseli Sorena.- ise<strong>da</strong>c 7 wlis Semiyvanes skolaSi <strong>da</strong> 19-20 wlisas miwevs<strong>da</strong>sruleba. am asakis qals ukve wamoCituli Svilebi un<strong>da</strong>myavdes.- 30 wlisas rom hyavdes wamoCituli Svilebi, ra?- kargiT ra? skolaSi Svils rom miviyvan, bavSvebma is un<strong>da</strong>hkiTxon, bebiam mogiyvanao? yvelaferi naadrevi kargia,sikvdilis gar<strong>da</strong>.aseT inkognito respondentebTan aRebuli interviu xSirSemTxvevaSi emsaxureba stereotipis <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebas. TormetwlianiganaTleba bevrad ufro tevadi procesia, vidre am interviuSi Cans.gazeTi “rezonansi” aqveynebs statias, romlis saTauri imperatiulitoniT gamoirCeva – “skolebSi 12-wliani swavleba ar Seicvleba”.Tavad statia diskusiis formiT aris mowodebuli: ganaTlebissaminitros warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nels, simon janaSias erTi respondenti51
eTanxmeba, meore ki 12-wlian swavlebas “absur<strong>da</strong>d <strong>da</strong> uazrobad”miiCnevs.diskriminaciis yovelgvar formas un<strong>da</strong> gamoricxavdes ganaTlebissistema. yvela bavSvi, maTi erovnebis, religiis, enis TuSesaZleblobebisa <strong>da</strong> unarebis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, Tanasworad un<strong>da</strong>iRebdes ganaTlebas. ganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministrosga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebiT, 2008 wels abiturientebma erTian erovnulgamocdebze zogadi unarebis testi sasurvel enaze Caabares.“zogadi unarebis testebi araqarTul enazec <strong>da</strong>ibeW<strong>da</strong>” - aseTisaTauriT gamoexmaura gazeTi “samxreTis karibWe” (axalcixe)saministros am iniciativas. es gazeTi samcxe-javaxeTis regionuligazeTia <strong>da</strong> or enaze – qarTulad <strong>da</strong> somxurad gamodis:“somxuri skolis saswavlo nawilis gamgis, lusine poRosianisTqmiT, saxelmwifo enis srulyofilad SeswavlisTvis minimum 10welia saWiro: “kargia, rom somxur enazea, Tumca arc qarTuliaCvenTvis problema. droa saWiro <strong>da</strong> yvela iswavlis, Tumca<strong>da</strong>sawyisSi Wirs”.gazeTma “basta-rezonansma” (“rezonansis” sakvirao <strong>da</strong>matebaa)gamoaqveyna statia “unarSezRudul bavSvebs Cveulebrivi skolisstan<strong>da</strong>rtebiT aswavlian” (30 marti 5 aprili). Jurnalistic <strong>da</strong>respondentebic gamoTqvamen ukmayofilebas imis gamo, rom gonebriviganviTarebis Seferxebis mqone bavSvebisTvis gankuTvnili skolapansioniga<strong>da</strong>akeTes sajaro skolad <strong>da</strong> pe<strong>da</strong>go<strong>ge</strong>bsa <strong>da</strong> moswavleebsSesTavazes sajaro skolis sagnobrivi stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi. saxalxo<strong>da</strong>mcvelis ofisTan arsebuli <strong>bavSvTa</strong> uflebebis centrSi miaCniaT,rom ganaTlebis dRevandelma reformam am tipis bavSvebTanindividualuri midgomis princips gansakuTrebuli yuradReba un<strong>da</strong>miaqcios.giorgi bendeliani skolaze ocnebobs. igi 10 wlisaa <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>badebi<strong>da</strong>n yru-munjia. 2 wlis win giorgi zugdidis smena- <strong>da</strong>metyveleba<strong>da</strong>rRveul <strong>bavSvTa</strong> jgufSi swavlob<strong>da</strong>, Tumca SarSanraionis municipalitetis gam<strong>ge</strong>obam biujeti<strong>da</strong>n jgufis <strong>da</strong>finansebaSewyvita. jgufi <strong>da</strong>iSala. giorgi mSobliuri soflis, jixaSkarissajaro skolaSi ar miiRes. direqciam mizezad smena- <strong>da</strong>metyveleba<strong>da</strong>rRveuli bavSvebisTvis specialuri skolebis arseboba<strong>da</strong>asaxela. nana faJavas reportaJi “yru-munji bavSvi skolaSisiaruls iTxovs” gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong> internet-gverdze www.humanrights.<strong>ge</strong>.“umZimesi socialuri pirobebis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, bebiam moaxerxa giorgispecialur saswavlo jgufSi sofli<strong>da</strong>n qalaqSi etarebina.surdologopedi maswavleblebis <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT bavSvma garkveulwarmatebebsac miaRwia, Tumca mokle xanSi saswavlo jgufi<strong>da</strong>xures. giorgim es faqti mZimed ganica<strong>da</strong>. rogorc bebia ambobs,skolaSi wasvlis molodinSi igi saskolo CanTasTan Caxutebuli52
iZinebs, xolo roca soflis Saragzaze skolisken mimavalTanatolebs <strong>da</strong>inaxavs, zurgCanTas <strong>da</strong>itacebs <strong>da</strong> gaekideba.”arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa <strong>da</strong> iuristebis Carevis Sedegadgiorgi bendeliani sajaro skolaSi miiRes, Tumca organizacia“deas” aRmasrulebeli direqtoris, madona xarebavas azriT,“problema arsebiTad ga<strong>da</strong>uWreli rCeba. miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, romsaxelmwifos aqvs nakisri valdebuleba, 2015 wlamde mTelssaqarTveloSi <strong>da</strong>inergos inkluziuri swavleba, dRes sajaroskolebi, gar<strong>da</strong> piloturi skolebisa, odnava<strong>da</strong>c ar arian mzad,miiRon <strong>da</strong> adekvaturi ganaTleba miscen specialurisaganmanaTlbelo saWiroebis mqone bavSvebs. amdenad giorgisskolaSi siaruls eqneba calmxrivi funqcia – misi CarTvasociumSi, rac TavisTavad mniSvnelovania, magram igi ver miiRebs iqelementarul ganaTlebas.”giorgi bendelianis istoria aris nimuSi, Tu rogor SeiZleba<strong>da</strong>irRves bavSvis ganaTlebis ufleba.moswavleTa qcevis kodeqsi, romelic 2007 wlis gazafxulze miiRoganaTlebisa <strong>da</strong> mecnierebis saministrom, gansaxilvel periodSiaqtiurad ar ganixilebo<strong>da</strong>. Jurnalistebs misi arseboba maSingaaxsendebo<strong>da</strong>T, rodesac pe<strong>da</strong>go<strong>ge</strong>bsa <strong>da</strong> moswavleebs SorisurTierToba iZabebo<strong>da</strong>. amis sailustraciod ori statia gamod<strong>ge</strong>ba.erTi gazeTma “aliam” 25-26 marts gamoaqveyna: “mecxreklaselebmamaswavlebels saklaso oTaxSi fekaliebi <strong>da</strong> SardiT savse buStebi<strong>da</strong>axvedres!” Jurnalisti neli Tordia esaubra 147-e skolisdireqtors, SoTa malazoniasa <strong>da</strong> qarTuli enisa <strong>da</strong> literaturismaswavlebels, i..a.-s, romlis kabinetSic aRmoCn<strong>da</strong> saTaurSiaRwerili suraTi. pe<strong>da</strong>gogi yvelafers abralebs yofil direqtors,romelsac sameurveo sabWoSi man mxari ar <strong>da</strong>uWira. direqtorifaqts ar uaryofs, Tumca masze detalurad saubari ar surs.mecxreklaselebi, viszec saubroben, statiaSi ar Canan. Jurnalistsisini ar unaxavs <strong>da</strong> ar gaurkvevia, konfliqtis realuri mxareebi<strong>da</strong> motivi.www.humanrights.<strong>ge</strong> aqveynebs zugdideli korespondentis, nana faJavasreportaJs “<strong>da</strong>pirispireba taleris skolaSi”. vin ufro arRvevsqcevis wesebs – moswavle Tu maswavlebeli? maswavlebelTa<strong>da</strong>pirispirebiT cnobili martvilis raionis sofel talerisskolaSi ukve moswavleebisa <strong>da</strong> maswavleblebis urTierToba<strong>da</strong>iZaba <strong>da</strong> igi fizikuri <strong>da</strong> sityvieri SeuracxyofiT <strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong>.adgilobrivi <strong>da</strong> regionuli presa mniSvnelovan adgils uTmobssaswavlo <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebis Senoba-na<strong>ge</strong>bobaTa mdgomareobis aRweras.normalur garemoSi swavla <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sveneba <strong>bavSvTa</strong> uflebebisSemad<strong>ge</strong>neli nawilia:53
VIII. “warmatebuli skola uCveulo pirobebSi” – gazeTi “samxreTiskaribWe”, 4 Tebervali. farTis simciris miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad regioniserTaderTi samxatvro skola muSaobas ganagrZobs;IX. “ga<strong>da</strong>vsebuli skola” – gazeTi “samxreTis karibWe”, 11Tebervali. farTis simcire saswavlo process aferxebs.axalqalaqis raionis sofel bavris skolis moswavleebi <strong>da</strong>pe<strong>da</strong>go<strong>ge</strong>bi axal saklaso oTaxebs elodebian;X. “moxdeba sabavSvo baRebis optimizacia – reforma” – gazeTi“xalxis gazeTi”, 14-21 ianvari.XI. “yinulis sasaxlis labirinTebi anu mesame skolaSi civa” –gazeTi “lanCxuTi plus”, 3 marti. erT-erTi skolis <strong>da</strong>Tbobisproblemas, gazafxulis <strong>da</strong>dgomis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, simwvave ar<strong>da</strong>ukargavs;XII. “baRebis umetesoba veranair stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs akmayofilebs” –gazeTi “rezonansi”, 16 aprili. statia Seexeba sabavSvo baRebSi<strong>bavSvTa</strong> ganviTarebis axali stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis <strong>da</strong>nergvas.;XIII. “reforma sabavSvo baRebSic aRwevs” – gazeTi “axali gazeTi”, 16-22 ivnisiXIV. “saxli, sa<strong>da</strong>c yvelas miuwevs guli. nu wavarTmevT moswavleaxalgazrdobasnavTsayudels” – gazeTi “aWara P.S.”, 3 aprili.Jurnalisti am statiiT cdilobs, mkiTxvels miawodosinformacia qobuleTis moswavle-axalgazrdobis saxlisgayodvis Taobaze.XV. “21-e saukunis qarTuli skola momavali Taobis janmrTelobassafrTxes uqmnis” – internet-gamocemawww.humanrights.<strong>ge</strong>, 8 ivlisi. goris raionis soflebiskaraleTisa <strong>da</strong> qvaxvrelis skolebis remontiproblemurad viTardeba.ganaTlebis reformis mimarT mediaSic iseTive araerTgvarovani<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaa, rogorc sazogadoebaSi. xSir SemTxvevaSinegatiurad an cinikurad ganwyobili publikaciebi sWarbobs. essakmaod faqizi Temaa <strong>da</strong> misi stereotipuli Sefaseba naklebefeqturi iqneba.<strong>da</strong>skvna:- ganaTlebis sistema gamoricxavs nebismieri tipisdiskriminacias. Jurnalistebma es un<strong>da</strong> gaiTvaliswinonswavlebis procesis aRwerisas;- ganaTlebis <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> gaSuqebisas yovelTvis un<strong>da</strong>axsovdes Jurnalists, rom misi mkiTxveli aris mozardi,romelsac sisxlxorceulad ainteresebs cxovrebis essfero;IV. stereotipebi <strong>da</strong> diskriminacia54
“quCis bavSvebi” sabavSvo asakis is warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebi arian,romelTa Sesaxeb Znelad Tu aqvT srulyofili informacia, magrammaTze msjelobas yvela iolad axerxebs <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>skvnebic TamamadgamoaqvT:“sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kriminaluri <strong>da</strong>naSauli, prostitucia, “ukeTes”SemTxvevaSi maTxovroba, mZime fizikuri Sroma – es aris“saqmianobebi”, romelTac “quCis bavSvebi” umetes SemTxvevaSimisdeven.” (gazeTi “rezonansis” <strong>da</strong>mateba “Cveni biujeti”, 23 ivnisi);“zustad aravin icis ramdeni bavSvia quCaSi, Tumca maTi raodenobasakmaod didia.” (gazeTi “baTumelebi”, 7-14 maisi);“aravin icis, gacemuli mowyaleba qvaze <strong>da</strong>debuli madlia TuxelSewyoba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>naSaulisa, radgan “quCis bavSvebis”saqmianobis ZiriTadi sfero mawanwaloba, maTxovroba, wvrilmaniqurdoba <strong>da</strong> toqsikomaniaa.” (gazeTi “P.S.”, 24-30 marti);“termini “quCis bavSvi” sazogadoebaSi bolo wlebSi gavrcel<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>mkvidr<strong>da</strong>. ase im bavSvebs axasiaTeben, romlebic quCaSicxovroben, maTxovroben, qurdoben, yaCaRoben an prostituciasewevian. maTi umetesoba toqsikomania, webos SeZenas ki isiniZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d quCaSi Segrovebuli fuliT axerxeben.” (gazeTi“rezonansi”, 22 marti)“quCis bavSvebis” cxovrebis asaxva qarTul mediaSi moduria. erTimxriv, am Temaze momzadebul statiebsa Tu telereportaJebs yveladidi interesiT ecnoba. Jurnalistebs maTi istoriebis Cvenebasakmaod dramatula<strong>da</strong>c gamosdiT <strong>da</strong> Tuki rame ga<strong>da</strong>ametes anumizezod gaamZafres, pasuxis momkiTxavic aravin iqneba.gazeT “rezonansis” <strong>da</strong>mateba “Cveni biujeti” askvnis, rom “quCisbavSvebis” 90 procenti TbilisSia koncentrirebuli, radgande<strong>da</strong>qalaqSi saarsebo wyaros Sovna maTTvis ufro iolia, vidreregionebSi. gazeTi “baTumelebi” ki eyrdnoba 2007 wlis zafxulSiaWaris ganaTlebis saministros mier Catarebul kvlevas, romlisTanaxmad baTumSi 108 bavSvi maTxovrobs <strong>da</strong>“maTi umetesoba saqarTvelos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva regionebi<strong>da</strong>naa Camosuli”es erTgvari stereotipia: vinc Cvens qalaqSi maTxovrobs, CveniTanaqalaqeli ar aris., xolo Tu Cveni qalaqelia, maSin qarTveliar aris.“eqspertebi amboben, rom TbilisSi koncentrirebuli quCis <strong>bavSvTa</strong>Soris, procentuli TvalsazrisiT, wina wlebSi araqarTvelierovnebis bavSvebi sWarbobdnen. dRes ki de<strong>da</strong>qalaqSi qarTvelmawamwala <strong>bavSvTa</strong> raodenoba katastrofulad matulobs.” (49)55
Jurnalist <strong>ge</strong>la mTivliSvilis statiis “quCis bavSvebis”sikvdilianobam imata” personaJi 9 wlis giorgia, romelic pankisisxeobis erT-erT sofelSi cxovrobs. Jurnalisti sakmaodkeTilganwyobilia mis mimarT, Tumca naklebad <strong>da</strong>majerebeliagiorgis monaTxrobi:“fuli roca gvaqvs, webosac vyidulobT, ufro metad abebiafTiaqi<strong>da</strong>n gamogvaqvs. ramdenimes <strong>da</strong>vlevT <strong>da</strong> vkaifobT.”Jurnalisti ar <strong>da</strong>ekiTxa, ra wamlebs svamen, romeli wamliT iReben“kaifs”, sad yidian aseT abebs, romel afTiaqSi <strong>da</strong> ase Semdeg.mTavaria, mkiTxvels ganwyoba Seeqmnas, rom “quCis bavSvebi”toqsikomanebi <strong>da</strong> narkomanebi arian. Sesabamisad, advilad yalibdebastreotipuli <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba maT mimarT.koreqtul <strong>da</strong> eTikur <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas am bavSvebis mimarT mediaSinaklebad iCenen. magaliTad, Jurnalisti elza wiklauri Tavisstatias arqmevs saTaurs: “upatrono bavSvebis erTi dRe” (gazeT“rezonansis” <strong>da</strong>mateba “Cveni biujeti”, 23 ivnisi), amave gazeTSiTbilisis meriis <strong>bavSvTa</strong> uflebebis <strong>da</strong>cvis samsaxuris ufrosibela saria maT “mawanwalebad” moixseniebs. amis kvalobaze ukveJurnalistebic xSirad moixsenieben maT ase. gazeT “P.S.”-is (quTaisi)17-23 martis nomerSi gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong> Jurnalist Tamar baxtaZis statiasaTauriT: “mawanwaloba – lukma purisTvis gamowvdili xelebi Tuorganizebuli <strong>da</strong>naSauli.”TbilisSi asociacia “mkurnalma” – mama giorgi CaCavam, ninoWubabriam, lali mesxma, sandro TomaZem <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>To CalabovmaingliselTa <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT Seqmnes miusafar mozardTa saxli,romelic alixanianis 5 nomerSi mdebareobs. swored am saxlze <strong>da</strong>mis binadrebze <strong>da</strong>wera aka morCilaZem reportaJi “cxeliSokoladis” ivlisis nomerSi, saTauriT: “alixanianis, 5”. es arismxatvrul-dokumenturi reportaJi gamdidrebuli levanxerxeuliZis, gilermo lunas, timo fogtisa <strong>da</strong> luiza samerisfotoebiT:“Cvens garSemo arsebobs uxilavi qalaqi. uxilavi ki ara, fskeri.sa<strong>da</strong>c jer un<strong>da</strong> CaaRwio, mere un<strong>da</strong> miixed-moixedo <strong>da</strong> Tu SeZleb<strong>da</strong> iqaurobas Tvals miaCvev, e<strong>ge</strong>b ifiqro kidec, rom aq sul patararaRaceebis ga<strong>da</strong>adgileba SeiZleba.am bavSvebs, am xalxs sul pataraobi<strong>da</strong>n, TiTistolobi<strong>da</strong>n iseTirameebi unaxavT <strong>da</strong> iseTi rameebi gamoucdiaT, rom a<strong>da</strong>mians yvelazekoSmarul sizmarSi ar <strong>da</strong>esizmreba. ar <strong>da</strong>esizmreba, imitom rom aricis, Tu aseTi rameebi arsebobs saerTod.”aseTi pozitiuri tonalobiT wera miusafar bavSvebze ucxoaqarTuli <strong>mediis</strong>Tvis. amitomac gansakuTrebiT gamovyavi esreportaJi.56
Jurnal “gzis” #22-Si gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong> “patara “beRurebis” sevdianiambavi”. Jurnalist Tamuna kvinikaZes surs, miusafar <strong>bavSvTa</strong>TavSesafris mkvidrebze gvesaubros, magram mTeli statis 4/5organizacia “bavSvi <strong>da</strong> garemos” xelmZRvanelTan, nana iaSvilTanintervius miaqvs. gazeT “xalxis gazeTSi” (gori) gamoqveynebulistatiis “Cven maT Zalian vWirdebiT” personaJebi ara miusafaribavSvebi, aramed im organizaciebis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebi arian, vincgarkveul proeqtebs axorcielebs. gazeTi “P.S.” mkiTxvelebsatyobinebs, rom “ewerSi sabavSvo centri gaixsna”, magram statiaSiam centris aRsazrdelebi ar gvxvdebian, mxolod administraciazeasaubari.<strong>da</strong>skvna:- qsenofobiuri <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba Warbobs <strong>bavSvTa</strong>sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva jgufebis mimarT (“mawanwala”, “upatrono”,“invalidi” <strong>da</strong> a. S.);- Zalian moduria “quCis bavSvebis” <strong>da</strong>yofa eTnikurerovnuliniSniT, romelic aseve araSemwynareblurfons hqmnis;- “quCis bavSvebisa” <strong>da</strong> miusafari bavSvebis fotoebisgamoqveynebaze igive wesi un<strong>da</strong> vrceldebodes, rac sxvabavSvebis SemTxvevebze. raki zogierT maTgans, SesaZloa,ar aRmoaCndes meurve, ar niSnavs, rom misi foto<strong>da</strong>ukiTxavad gamoaqveyno, an kadri <strong>da</strong>ukiTxavad ga<strong>da</strong>uRo;5. Jurnalisturi ganaTleba.saqarTveloSi akreditebuli umaRlesi saswavlebli<strong>da</strong>nJurnalistikis swavlebis kursi aqvs 17 universitets (instituts).swavlebis meTodikiTa <strong>da</strong> xarisxiT maTgan gansakuTrebiTgamoirCeva:- Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur <strong>da</strong>politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis Jurnalistikisdepartamenti (xelmZRvaneli – <strong>da</strong>viT paiWaZe), romelsac aqvssabakalavro <strong>da</strong> samagistro kursebi;- sazogadoebriv saqmeTa institutis Jurnalistikisa <strong>da</strong>mediamenejmentis kavkasiuri skola (dekani – maia miqaSaviZe)mxolod samagistro kurss warmarTavs. skolaSi arsebobsqarTuli <strong>da</strong> inglisuri jgufebi.- kavkasiur universitetSi kavkasiis media skolam (dekani – liaCaxunaSvili) pirveli sabakalavro jgufi 2007 wels miiRo.57
2008 wlis Semodgomaze skola <strong>ge</strong>gmavs samagistro kursisgaxsnas.- saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa universitets aqvsJurnalistikis fakulteti;- <strong>mediis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> telexelovnebis koleji (direqtori – zuraboSxneli) umaRlesi profesiuli skolis statusiT SeuerT<strong>da</strong>ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitets;- teleJurnalistTa momzadebas axorcielebs Teatrisa <strong>da</strong>kinos saxelmwifo universiteti.trenin<strong>ge</strong>bs JurnalistebisTvis umTavresad saqarTveloSi arsebulisaerTaSoriso fondebi <strong>da</strong> akreditebuli organizaciebi awyoben <strong>da</strong>afinanseben.:- <strong>mediis</strong> TviTregulirebisa <strong>da</strong> eTikuri stan<strong>da</strong>rtebis Taobazeperiodulad awyobs trenin<strong>ge</strong>bsa <strong>da</strong> seminarebs evrosabWoswarmomad<strong>ge</strong>nloba <strong>da</strong> euTo;- a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>cvis (maT Soris <strong>bavSvTa</strong> uflebebis)sakiTxebze seminarebsa <strong>da</strong> konferenciebs marTavs gaeroswarmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlobis a<strong>da</strong>mianis uflebaTa <strong>da</strong>cvis ofisi, gaeros<strong>bavSvTa</strong> fondis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nloba, saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvelis ofisi;- profesiul stan<strong>da</strong>rtebsa <strong>da</strong> eTikur normebze trenin<strong>ge</strong>bismosawyobad gaucia grantebi USAID-s, evrokavSiriswarmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlobas, fond “Ria sazogadoeba – saqarTvelos”,evraziis fonds, IREX-is media inovaciebis proeqts (man 2007wels Sewyvita saqmianoba), fridrix ebertisa <strong>da</strong> konra<strong>da</strong>denaueris fondebs;- gazeT “baTumelebTan” <strong>da</strong> radio “mwvane talRasTan”TanamSromlobs <strong>mediis</strong> ganviTarebis sakredito fondi (MDLF);- evrokavSiris finansuri mxar<strong>da</strong>WeriTa <strong>da</strong> BBC World ServiceTrust-is patronaJiT saqarTveloSi xorcieldeba saTemoradios proeqti (ninowmin<strong>da</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> marneulSi). am proeqtisegidiT moewyo seminarebisa <strong>da</strong> trenin<strong>ge</strong>bis ciklimediamravalferovnebis gaSuqebis sakiTxebze;- gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia IWPR-s (omisa <strong>da</strong> mSvidobisinstitutis) saqmianoba JurnalistTa profesiuli zrdisTvalsazrisiT. am organizaciam moawyo JurnalistTaregionuli qseli;- eTnikur umciresobebiT <strong>da</strong>saxlebul regionebSi JurnalistTaTanamSromlobis meTodebs nergavs mSvidobis demokratiisa <strong>da</strong>ganviTarebis kavkasiuri instituti;- holandiuri organizacia RNTC-sa (niderlandebis radiostrening centri) <strong>da</strong> “interniusis” egidiT saqarTveloSiiqmneba profesiul trenerTa jgufi, romelic saTanadodmoemzadeba saqarTveloSi trenin<strong>ge</strong>bis uzrunvelsayofad.6. rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi58
I. sasurvelia, calke krebulad gamoices yvela is kanoni <strong>da</strong>normatiuli aqti, romelic awesri<strong>ge</strong>bs <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>mozardTa cxovrebisa <strong>da</strong> qmedebis yvela sferos. amsamarTlebriv sakiTxebze JurnalistebisTvis perioduladun<strong>da</strong> ewyobodes trenin<strong>ge</strong>bi <strong>da</strong> seminarebi;II.III.sasurvelia, UNICEF-is warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlobam (gnebavT,<strong>da</strong>moukideblad, gnebavT, romelime organizaciasTan antrening-centrTan erTad) moawyos distanciuri swavlebis4- an 6-Tviani kursi <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> gaSuqebisproblemebze, romelSic miiReben monawileobassaqarTvelos mediasaSualebebis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebi(Jurnalistebi, re<strong>da</strong>qtorebi, produserebi). gamarjvebulsgamoavlens warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlobiTi Jiuri;sasurvelia, moewyos seminarebis cikli regionuli <strong>mediis</strong>warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebisTvis <strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> <strong>gaSuqeba</strong>ze,praqtikuli savarjiSoebis gaTvaliswinebiT;IV.sasurvelia, UNICEF-is warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlobam mauwyebelTaqcevis kodeqsis miRebamde moamzados samaxsovroteleradioJurnalistebisTvis arasrulwlovanTa<strong>sakiTxebis</strong> gaSuqebis Taobaze <strong>da</strong> kodeqsis miRebismomentisTvis moawyos seminari menejerebisTvis <strong>da</strong>JurnalistebisTvis;7. interviuebisa <strong>da</strong> Sexvedrebis CamonaTvaliwinamdebare kvlevis gansaxorcieleblad Sevxvdi <strong>da</strong> vesaubre ima<strong>da</strong>mianebs, visi kompetenciac <strong>da</strong> profesiuli reputaciac arissarwmuno:- ia anTaZe – radio “Tavisufleba”, Jurnalisti;- sofo xorguani – saqarTvelos saxalxo <strong>da</strong>mcvelismoadgile;- <strong>da</strong>viT afrasiZe – mSvidobis, ganviTarebisa <strong>da</strong>demokratiis kavkasiuri institutis direqtori;- Tamar korZaia – saqarTvelos axalgazr<strong>da</strong> iuristTaasociaciis proeqtebis koordinatori;- <strong>da</strong>viT Caganava – Jurnalisti;- lela gafrin<strong>da</strong>Svili – kavSiris “qalebis iniciativaTanasworobisaTvis” Tavmjdomare;- <strong>da</strong>li osefaSvili – Tbilisis saxelmwifouniversitetis asocirebuli profesori;- nino zuriaSvili – studia “monitoris” xelmZRvaneli;59
- <strong>da</strong>viT paiWaZe – Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetissocialur <strong>da</strong> politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetisJurnalistikis mimarTulebis xelmZRvaneli;- ana qeSelaSvili – sazogadoebriv saqmeTa institutisJurnalistikisa <strong>da</strong> mediamenejmentis skolis programebiskoordinatori;- salome jaSi – Jurnalisti.gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, kvlevaze muSaobis dros orjer momiwia mivlinebiTwasvla saqarTvelos regionebSi:9 <strong>da</strong> 10 ivniss vimyofebodi gorsa <strong>da</strong> axalcixeSi, xolo 16-19 ivnissviyavi zestafonSi, quTaisSi, zugdidSi, foTSi, lanCxuTsi,ozur<strong>ge</strong>Tsa <strong>da</strong> baTumSi. am mivlinebis dros Sevxvdi adgilobrivigazeTebis, televiziebisa <strong>da</strong> radioebis xelmZRvanelebs,Jurnalistebs <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebs.2008 wlis 4 ivliss movawyve fokus-jgufi 18 wlamde axalgazrdebismonawileobiT. sul 10 mozardi <strong>da</strong>eswro am Tvisobriv kvlevas.8. ganmartebebi(1) saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 24. - www.parliament.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTvelosparlamentis oficialuri veb-gverdi.(2) kanoni “sityvisa <strong>da</strong> gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb” –www.parliament.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTvelos parlamentis oficialuri veb-gverdi.(3) irakli kotetiSvili, “komentarebi saqarTvelos kanonze “sityvisa <strong>da</strong>gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb”, Jurnali “Tavisufleba”, #10(34),oqtomberi, 2004;(4) saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi;(5) kanoni ”mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb” - www.gncc.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTveloskomunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis oficialuri veb-gverdi;(6) kanoni ”mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb”, muxli 36 - www.gncc.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTveloskomunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis oficialuri veb-gverdi;(7) kanoni ”mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb”, muxli 56 - www.gncc.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTveloskomunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis oficialuri veb-gverdi;(8) kanoni “mavne zegavlenisagan arasrulwlovanTa <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb”,muxli 5. (2001 wlis 28 seqtembris re<strong>da</strong>qciiT);(9) kanoni “mavne zegavlenisagan arasrulwlovanTa <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb”,muxli 6-7. (2001 wlis 28 seqtembris re<strong>da</strong>qciiT);(10) ia anTaZe, “Jurnalistebis profesiuli <strong>eTika</strong>” - www.tavisupleba.org –radio “Taviuflebis” qarTuli re<strong>da</strong>qciis oficialuri veb-gverdi,2004 wlis 27 ivnisi;60
(11) iqve;(12) “<strong>mediis</strong> profesiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi” – www.liberty.<strong>ge</strong>, arasamTavroboorganizacia “Tavisuflebis institutis” veb-gverdi;(13) “<strong>mediis</strong> TviTregulirebis qrestomaTia”, gv.3 – “Tavisuflebisinstitutis” gamocema, re<strong>da</strong>qtori – Tamar kinwuraSvili, 2004;(14) “pirveli arxis profesiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi” – www.gpb.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTvelossazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis oficialuri veb-gverdi;(15) “sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis qcevis kodeqsi.” profesiulistan<strong>da</strong>rtebi <strong>da</strong> Jurnalisturi eTikis principebi sazogadoebrivimauwyeblis programebSi. - www.gpb.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivimauwyeblis oficialuri veb-gverdi;(16) “mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi”, proeqti - www.gncc.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTveloskomunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis oficialuri veb-gverdi;(17) iqve(18) iqve(19) iqve(20) kanoni ”mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb”, muxli 14 - www.gncc.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTveloskomunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis oficialuri veb-gverdi;(21) www.irex.org/programs/MSI_EUR/2006/<strong>ge</strong>orgia.asp;(22) “un<strong>da</strong> iyos Tu ara mauwyeblis eTikis kodeqsi normatiuli aqti?” –gazeTi “alia”, 2008 wlis 14-16 ivnisi;(23) “<strong>mediis</strong> profesiuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi” – www.liberty.<strong>ge</strong>, arasamTavroboorganizacia “Tavisuflebis institutis” veb-gverdi;(24) “sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis qcevis kodeqsi.” profesiulistan<strong>da</strong>rtebi <strong>da</strong> Jurnalisturi eTikis principebi sazogadoebrivimauwyeblis programebSi. Tavi 14. “14.4. “televizia <strong>da</strong> wyalgamyofi”-www.gpb.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis oficialuri vebgverdi;(25) “mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi”, proeqti - www.gncc.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTveloskomunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis oficialuri veb-gverdi;(26) iqve(27) “un<strong>da</strong> iyos Tu ara mauwyeblis eTikis kodeqsi normatiuli aqti?” –gazeTi “alia”, 2008 wlis 14-16 ivnisi;(28) “televizia sazRvrebis gareSe”, evrosabWos rekomen<strong>da</strong>cia, miRebuliministrTa komitetis mier 1997 wlis 30 oqtombers;(29) “mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi”, proeqti - www.gncc.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTveloskomunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis oficialuri veb-gverdi;(30) “BBC-s Rirebulebebi <strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi” produserTa saxelmZRvanelo,“intervius Catarebis teqnika”, gv. 134 – 2004;(31) “mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi”, proeqti - www.gncc.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTveloskomunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis oficialuri veb-gverdi;(32) mediasabWos gancxadeba, 2008 wlis 14 aprili – www.mediacouncil.<strong>ge</strong>,mediasabWos veb-gverdi;(33) “sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis qcevis kodeqsi.” profesiulistan<strong>da</strong>rtebi <strong>da</strong> Jurnalisturi eTikis principebi sazogadoebrivimauwyeblis programebSi. Tavi 16. “16.4. “arasrulwlovanTa vinaobisgamJRavneba” - www.gpb.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblisoficialuri veb-gverdi;(34) “mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi”, proeqti - www.gncc.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTveloskomunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis oficialuri veb-gverdi;(35) Delta G., Matsuura I., (2002). Law of the Internet, New York, Aspen Law and Business;(36) “mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi”, proeqti - www.gncc.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTveloskomunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis oficialuri veb-gverdi;61
(37) “sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis qcevis kodeqsi.” profesiulistan<strong>da</strong>rtebi <strong>da</strong> Jurnalisturi eTikis principebi sazogadoebrivimauwyeblis programebSi. Tavi 16. “16.6. “bavSvebi <strong>da</strong> interneti” -www.gpb.<strong>ge</strong>, saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis oficialuri vebgverdi;(38) “...cixe mas ver gamoasworebs!...” – Jurnali “gza”, gv. 16-17, #6, 2008wlis 7 Tebervali;(39) iqve(40) “2008 wlis 1 ivlisi<strong>da</strong>n saqarTvelo 1928 wlis sabWoTa kavSirSibrundeba!”. – gazeTi “asaval-<strong>da</strong>savali”, gv.28, 2008 wlis 23-29 ivnisi;(41) “12 wlis mozards <strong>da</strong>sja ufro gaaborotebs”, - www.humanrights.<strong>ge</strong>;(42) “gaero saqarTveloSi <strong>bavSvTa</strong> uflebebis <strong>da</strong>rRvevaze saubrobs” -www.humanrights.<strong>ge</strong>, 2008 wlis 1 ivlisi;(43) “mozardTa <strong>da</strong>naSauli 5 weliwadSi 4-jer gaizar<strong>da</strong>” – gazeTi“rezonansi”, 2008 wlis 28 ivlisi;(44) “BBC-s Rirebulebebi <strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi” produserTa saxelmZRvanelo,“miTiTebebi sainformacio programebTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT”, gv. 139 – 2004;(45) “mozardTa <strong>da</strong>naSauli 5 weliwadSi 4-jer gaizar<strong>da</strong>” – gazeTi“rezonansi”, 2008 wlis 28 ivlisi;(46) “BBC-s Rirebulebebi <strong>da</strong> stan<strong>da</strong>rtebi” produserTa saxelmZRvanelo,“Zaladoba”, gv. 82 – 2004;(47) “gaupatiurebis faqtebi matulobs” – gazeTi “rezonansi”, 2008 wlis26 marti;(48) “<strong>bavSvTa</strong> <strong>sakiTxebis</strong> <strong>gaSuqeba</strong> mediaSi”, saxelmZRvanelostudentebisTvis, gv. 33 – UNICEF, Tbilisi, 2008;(49) “quCis bavSvebis problema saxelmwifos gareSe ver mogvardeba” –gazeT “rezonansis” <strong>da</strong>mateba “Cveni biujeti”, 2008 wlis 23 ivnisi62
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