sursaTis uvneblobis, vetreinariisa da mcenareTa dacvis erovnuli ...
sursaTis uvneblobis, vetreinariisa da mcenareTa dacvis erovnuli ...
sursaTis uvneblobis, vetreinariisa da mcenareTa dacvis erovnuli ...
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<strong>sursaTis</strong> <strong>uvneblobis</strong>, <strong>vetreinariisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>mcenareTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis <strong>erovnuli</strong>samsaxurikaliebisaÄ<strong>da</strong>Äkutkaliebis winaaRmdeg brZolis RonisZiebaTarekomen<strong>da</strong>cia
kaliebisa <strong>da</strong> kutkaliebis winaaRmdeg RonisZiebaTa rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciasaqarTveloSi, sasoflo_sameurneo kulturebs seriozul ziansayeneben sworfrTianTa (Orthoptera) razmi<strong>da</strong>n namdvili kaliebis (Acridi<strong>da</strong>e) <strong>da</strong>namdvili kutkaliebis (Tetigonii<strong>da</strong>e) ojaxebis warmomadgenlebi, romelTa erTaTeulamde saxeoba azianebs balaxebs, erTwlian kulturebsa <strong>da</strong> xSiradmravalwlian nargaobasac (vazi, xexili. dekoratiuli nargaoba, buCqnari,tye).kaliebikaliebi gamravlebis Taviseburebis mixedviT iyofian _ jogur <strong>da</strong>arajogur jgufebad, Tumca aris maT Soris gar<strong>da</strong>mavali saxeobebic. Tavisididi uaryofiTi sameurneo mniSvnelobiT gamoirCevian kaliebis jogurisaxeobebi, romlebic uxsovari droi<strong>da</strong>n SiSis zars scemdnen soflismeurnes; isini gvxvdebian u<strong>da</strong>bnos, naxevrad u<strong>da</strong>bnos, velisa <strong>da</strong> tyeveliszonebSi, zogjer foTlovani tyeebis zonasac aRwevdnen. saqarTveloSiperioduli (1865, 1879, 1925 w.w.) SemofreniT xasiaTdeba aziuri anuga<strong>da</strong>mfreni kalia (Locusta migratoria migratoria L.), romlis gamravlebis staciaakaspiis zRvisa <strong>da</strong> masSi Camdinare mdinareebis lelian-Waobiani napirebi;marokouli kalia (Dociostaurus maroccanus Thunb.) ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d mezobelazerbaijanSi mravldeba xolo CvenSi mis mimdebare teritoriaze gvxvdeba(Siraqi; el<strong>da</strong>ri). u<strong>da</strong>bnos kalia (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk) ki mravldebatropikuli <strong>da</strong> subtropikuli zonis Waobian adgilebSi, sai<strong>da</strong>nac ismoedeba xolme yvelafers <strong>da</strong> zogjer samxreT kavkasiasac aRwevs, magramsaqarTveloSi SemoWris SemTxvevas adgili ar hqonia. saqarTveloSigansakuTrebiT farTo gavrcelebiTa <strong>da</strong> periodulad masiuri gamravlebiTgamoirCeva gar<strong>da</strong>mavali jgufis warmomadgeneli italiuri kalia anu prusi(Calliptamus italicus L.), amierkavkasiis prusi (C. tenucercis Serg. Tarb.) <strong>da</strong> u<strong>da</strong>bnos(urwyavebis) prusi (C. barbarus cephalotes F.-W.). arajoguri<strong>da</strong>n ki iSviaTilokaluri mavneobiT xasiaTdeba egvipturi kalia (Anakridium aegyptium L.),agreTve jvarosani (Pararcyptera microptera transcauca Uv.), TeTrzola (Chorthipusalbomarginatus De G.), lurjfrTiani (Oedipo<strong>da</strong> caerulescens L.), mcuravi(Eyprepocnemis plorans Charp.), baRCis (Thisoicetrinus pterostichus F.-W.) <strong>da</strong> zogierTisxva kalia.aziuri anu ga<strong>da</strong>mfreni kalia (Locusta migratoria L.) am kaliis samiqvesaxeobaa cnobili: Sua rusuli, romelic gavrcelebulia aRmosavleTevropis tyisa <strong>da</strong> tyevelis zonaSi; samxreTuli _ gavrcelebulia samxreTevropis, Sua aziis <strong>da</strong> yazaxeTis mdinarispira, tbispira <strong>da</strong>WaobebullerwmiT <strong>da</strong>farul adgilebSi <strong>da</strong> aRmosavluri, romelic gavrcelebuliaindoCineTSi, indoneziaSi, aRmosavleT CineTsa <strong>da</strong> iq mdebare kunZulebze.swored aziuri ga<strong>da</strong>mfreni kaliis samxreTuli qvesaxeoba (Locusta migratoriamigratoria L.) Semodio<strong>da</strong> periodulad saqarTvelos aRmosavleT raionebSi <strong>da</strong>mTlianad anadgureb<strong>da</strong> mwvane safars.(suraTi 1).
3suraTi 1.aziuri kalia didi zomis mweria. dedlis sxeulis sigrZe 45-55 mm-ia,mamlisa ki 35-50 mm-a. dedlis ze<strong>da</strong> frTebi 49,0-61,0 (saS. 53,5), mamlisa ki 43,5-56,0 (saS. 50,0), tyavisebri mravali mura laqiT. frTebi gamWvirvalea,fuZesTan ki momwvanoa. joguri fazis individebs frTebi CveulebrivgrZeli aqvT. ase magaliTad misi mamlis frTis sigrZe sul mcire 2-jermainc aRemateba misi ukana fexis wvivis sigrZes. maSin rodesac erTeulfazaSi igi 2-s arasodes scildeba. sxeuli mura an mwvanea. wina mkerdzekargad ganviTarebuli kiliT, romelsac jogur fazaSi swori an odnavCazneqili profili aqvs, erTeulSi ki rkaliseburia.es kalia, saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli kaliebis umravlesobismsgavsad,^ weliwadSi erT Taobas iZleva. zamTrobs kvercxSi embrioni,romlis embrionaluri diapauzaa 8-9 Tve . gazafxulze misi gamravlebisstaciebSi _ <strong>da</strong>Waobebul adgilebSi, rodesac wyali <strong>da</strong>iklebs <strong>da</strong> nia<strong>da</strong>giSeSreba, iCekebian matlebi, romlebic klimaturi pirobebis mixedviT 35-45dRiani kvebisa <strong>da</strong> 5-jeradi kanis cvlis Semdeg warmoqmnian frTianformebs. aqe<strong>da</strong>n 30-40 dReSi ki iwyeben kopulacias <strong>da</strong> kvercxdebas. de<strong>da</strong>li30-<strong>da</strong>n 100-120 kvercxs, romlebic Semdeg parkuWebad gvevlineba (siTxega<strong>da</strong>evleba). am saxeobis masobrivi gamravlebis kerebi Tu mdinarisa <strong>da</strong>tbispira xSiri lerwmiT <strong>da</strong>faruli Waobiani adgilebia, kvercxdeba xdebamis mimdebare Tavisufal miwebze, sa<strong>da</strong>c Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT meCxeri mcenareulisafaria.aziuri anu ga<strong>da</strong>mfreni kalia jgufuri cxovrebis pirobebSi warmoSobsjogur fazas `f. gregaria”, romelic erTeuli fazisagan ,,f. solitaria”gansxvavdeba rigi morfologiuri <strong>da</strong> fizologiuri niSnebiT. masobrivigamravlebis wlebSi joguri fazis matlebsa <strong>da</strong> imagoebs axasiaTebTaTeuli aTasobiT ha-ze gavrceleba. swored am dros SemoiWrebo<strong>da</strong> xolmesaqarTveloSi es kalia <strong>da</strong> didi simWidrovis gamo (ramdenime aTasiindividi 1m 2 ), iwvev<strong>da</strong> mwvane safaris srul ganadgurebas.marokouli kalia (Dociostaurus maroccanus Thab.) zr<strong>da</strong>srul kaliaswinazurgze mkafiod gamosaxuli TeTri feris X-sebri suraTi aqvs.gverdiTi kilebi naTelia, ze<strong>da</strong> frTebi sxeulze grZelia. ukana frTebiwylisferi <strong>da</strong> gamWvirvalea. mesame wyvili fexis barZayebi Signi<strong>da</strong>nmoyviTaloa odnav wiTeli elferiT, wvivebi wiTeli, 5 Savi laqiT.ulvaSebi Tavsa <strong>da</strong> wina mkerdze grZelia. dedlis sigrZe 25-35 mm-ia, mamlis20-27 mm.(suraTi 2.)
4suraTi2.gavrcelebulia yirimSi, Sua aziaSi, yazaxeTSi, Crdilo kavkasiaSi <strong>da</strong>amierkavkasiaSi. saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebiT gvxvdeba SiraqSi (samuxisvelsa <strong>da</strong> el<strong>da</strong>ris saZovrebze), aRiniSneba aseve gurjaanis, siRnaRis,sagarejos, zogjer gar<strong>da</strong>bnisa <strong>da</strong> marneulis raionebSi. zamTars atarebskvercxis saxiT parkuWanebSi nia<strong>da</strong>gSi 5-6-s m siRrmeze. gazafxulze martismesame deka<strong>da</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> aprilis <strong>da</strong>mdegs (eqspoziciisa <strong>da</strong> temperaturismixedviT) iwyeba matlebis gamoCeka, rac ramodenime kviras grZeldeba.matlebis fazis ganviTarebis xangrZlivoba 5 kviramdea. isini xarbadikvebebian, 5-jer icvlian kans. sqesobrivi momwifeba mamlebis WriWiniTa <strong>da</strong>orive sqesis nawilobriv feris SecvliT aRiniSneba.marokouli kaliis gamravlebis intensivoba pir<strong>da</strong>pir kavSirSianaleqebis raodenobasTan. igi kargad mravldeba maSin, rodesacgazafxulze naleqebis raodenoba 100 mm-ze naklebi ar aris, magram veritans Warb tensac, rac kvercxis <strong>da</strong>senianeba-ganadgurebas iwvevs. marokulikaliisaTvisac jogurobaa <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli. weliwadSi erT generaciasiZleva.italiuri kalia anu prusi (Calliptamus italicus L). igi gavrcelebuliaevropaSi, Sua aziis, yazaxeTis velebSi, Crdilo kavkasiasa <strong>da</strong>amierkavkasiaSi, yirimSi.(suraTi 3.)
5suraTi 3.saqarTveloSi misi gamravlebis adgilebia qserofituli mcenareebiT<strong>da</strong>faruli saZovrebi. ase mag. q. rusTavis maxloblad ialRujis qedi,ivris zegani <strong>da</strong> a.S. igi Zlier mavneobs siRnaRis, wiTelwyaros, gurjaanis,sagarejos, lagodexis, yvarelis, gar<strong>da</strong>bnis, marneulis <strong>da</strong> mcxeTisraionebSi, bolo periodSi ki Telavis raionSic. 1996 wels aRiniSnaadigenSi (varxani _ farexa) 1050 m z.d-<strong>da</strong>n, rac klimatis aridizaciismaCvenebeli un<strong>da</strong> iyos. igi Zlier azianebs saZovrebs, saTibebs, jejils,teqnikur kulturebs, bostneuls, xolo norCi, balaxovani sakvebisgamolevis SemTxvevaSi venaxebsac ki.italiuri kaliisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia wina zurgze sami gaswvrivikili, fexebs Sua mkerdze konusiseburi borcvi; wina frTebze patara Savilaqebi; ukana frTebi <strong>da</strong> ukana barZayebi Signi<strong>da</strong>n vardisferia, wvivebiwiTeli; sxeuli mura qarci an nacrisferi. dedlis sigrZe 41 mm-mdea,mamlis 24 mm-mde.(suraTi 4. 5)suraTi 4.
6zamTars atarebs kvercxSi, Canasaxis fazaSi. kvercxebi moTavsebuliaparkuWanaSi _ nia<strong>da</strong>gSi (ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d yamir miwebze). italiuri kalia iCekebaaprilis miwuruls, maisis I-II deka<strong>da</strong>Si. gamoCeka TiTqmis 1 Tves grZeldeba.matli izrdeba <strong>da</strong> afarToebs kvebis areals. kanis gamocvlis winmasiurad adian mcenareebze, fexebiT ekidebian <strong>da</strong> ise icvlian Zvel kans,amitom xSirad mcenareze nacvali kani gvxvdeba.(suraTi 5.) kanis cvli<strong>da</strong>n 12saaTis Semdeg matlebi anaxleben kvebas. ikvebebian dilis <strong>da</strong> saRamossaaTebSi, roca temperatura 25-28C-ze meti ar aris. didi sicxis drosisini ikalaTeben Crdilovan adgilebSi (mcenareebis qveS) <strong>da</strong> garindebulmdgomareobaSi ga<strong>da</strong>dian. italiur kalias axasiaTebs joguroba.suraTi 5.isini umTavresad moZraobs dila-saRamos <strong>da</strong> dReSi ramodenime kilometrsgadis. kalia oTxjer icvlis kans, ivnisis III dekadi<strong>da</strong>n iwyebs kvercxdebas.axasiaTebs weliwadSi erTi generacia.kutkaliebikutkaliebi<strong>da</strong>n Tavisi mavneobiT gamoirCevian mwvane (Tettigonia viridissima L.),grZelku<strong>da</strong> (T. cau<strong>da</strong>ta Charp.), TeTrSubla (Decticus albifrons F.), amierkavkasiisruxi anu laqebiani (D. verrucivorus annaelisae Ramme), mavne anu ufrTo(Parapholidoptera noxia Ramme), kolxuri izofia (Isophya redtenbacheri Adel.) _<strong>da</strong>savleT saqarTveloSi, xolo aRmosavleTSi kavkasiuri izofia (I. schneideriBr.-W.) <strong>da</strong> sxv.mwvane kutkalia (Tettigonia viridissima L.) zr<strong>da</strong>sruli mweris sxeulissigrZe 27-42 mm-ia.(suraTi 1.) sxeuli <strong>da</strong> fexebi mwvanea. wina zurgze kiliar aqvs. ulvaSebi sxeulze grZelia, boloSi qarcia. ze<strong>da</strong> frTebi mucelze<strong>da</strong> kvercxsadebze bevrad grZelia. kvercxsadebis sigrZe 22-32 mm-a. mamliscerkebi zemoTaa odnav aRunuli. kvercxi mogrZo cilindrulia, boloSimomrgvalebuli, yavisferia. sigrZe 6 mm, sigane ki 2 mm-a. matlic mwvaneferisaa <strong>da</strong> imagosagan ganuviTarebeli frTebiT gamoirCeva.(suraTi 1)
7suraTi 1. mwvane kutkaliazamTrobs kvercxi nia<strong>da</strong>gSi, kvercxebi ideba jgufebad _ 2-8 calierTad. sai<strong>da</strong>nac gazafxulze iCekebian matlebi, romlis xangrZlioba 50-70dRea. matli kans 5-jer icvlis. matlebi iCekebian mdeloebze, tyispirebSi,mijnebze <strong>da</strong> sxva <strong>da</strong>umuSavebel savargulebze, Semdeg ki ga<strong>da</strong>dian erTwliankulturebze _ mindvris, bostneul <strong>da</strong> teqnikur kulturebze. azianebenxexilsa <strong>da</strong> vazsac, SeuZliaT xemcenareebis <strong>da</strong>zianebac. am saxeobasTanTavisi biologiiTa <strong>da</strong> morfologiuri niSnebiTac Zalian axlos dgasgrZelku<strong>da</strong> kutkalia (Tettigonia cau<strong>da</strong>ta Charp.). amitom maTi saxeobrivikuTvnilebis <strong>da</strong>sadgenad yvela SemTxvevaSi un<strong>da</strong> visargebloT specialurisarkvevebiT an umjobesia specialist _ orTopterologis rCeviT.namdvili kutikalebis Decticus-is gvari<strong>da</strong>n CvenSi gavrcelebuliaTeTrSubla kutkalia (D. albifrons F.)(suraTi 6.) <strong>da</strong> amierkavkasiis ruxi anulaqebiani kutkalia (D. verrucivorus annaelisae Ramme).(suraTi 7.)suraTi 2. TeTrSubla kutkalia
8suraTi 3. amierkavkasiis ruxi anu laqebiani kutkaliaes kutkaliebi xasiaTdebian lokaluri, magram maRali ricxovnebiTaRmosavleT saqarTveloSi. mosaxleoba maT xSirad kaliad miiCnevs racgarkveul panikas iwvevs, magram kaliisagan isini sxeulze grZeliulvaSebiT (rogorc yvela kutkalia) gamoirCevian. amierkavkasiis ruxi, sxvakutkaliebisgan wina zurgze kargad gamosaxuli kiliT ganirCeva. ze<strong>da</strong>frTebi mucelze odnav grZelia. sxeuli mura an momwvano muraa SavilaqebiT. kvercxsadebi zemoTaa aRunuli. imagos sxeulis sigrZe 25-36 mm-a,frTebisa ki _ 24-37 mm.es saxeoba seriozul zians ayenebs rogorc saZovrebsa <strong>da</strong> saTibebs,aseve TavTavianebs, bostan-baxCeuls, teqnikur kulturebs.brZolis RonisZiebis sistemafitosanitariuli monitoringi. mavne kaliebis <strong>da</strong> kutkaliebis winaaRmdegbrZolis Casatareblad <strong>da</strong> misi swori organizaciisaTvis, aucilebeliakargad vicodeT maT mier <strong>da</strong>saxlebuli teritoriebi, risTvisac muSavdebaspecialuri fitosanitariuli monitoringi, romelic gulisxmobsspecializirebuli gamokvlevebisa <strong>da</strong> aRricxvis meTodebis gamoyenebasobieqtis saxeobrivi kuTvnilebisa <strong>da</strong> misi Catarebis periodis mixedviT.1. kaliebis <strong>da</strong> kutkaliebis parkuWebis sagazafxulo (masobriv gamoCekamdeerTi TviT adre) sakontrolo gamokvleva, romelic igegmeba wina
9gamokvlevis masalebis safuZvelze. marSrutuli gamokvleva tardeba 100m. intervaliT <strong>da</strong> analizi ukeTdeba <strong>da</strong>saxlebuli farTobis 10%-s,risTvisac iReben 50X50 sm. sanimuSo farTobs, niCbiT aSoreben nia<strong>da</strong>gisze<strong>da</strong> fenas 5-8 sm-s <strong>da</strong> iTvlian masSi parkuWanebis raodenobas. adgenen 1m 2 -ze maT saSualo raodenobas <strong>da</strong> parazitebiTa <strong>da</strong> mtaceblebiT<strong>da</strong>zianebis %-s. kvercxdebis adgilebs moniSnaven sariT an miwayriliT<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>itanen ruqaze an pirobiT sqemaze.2. kaliis <strong>da</strong> kutkaliebis matlebis gavrcelebis <strong>da</strong>dgena xdebamarSrutuli gamokvlevebiT, wina gamokvlevebis masalebisgaTvaliwinebiT, maTi gamoCekvi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>frTianebamde (an ganadgurebamde).maTi grovebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi gavrcelebis adgils ise moniSnaven,rogorc zemoTaa aRniSnuli.3. zafxulis marSrutuli gamokvleva tardeba kaliebis <strong>da</strong> kutikaliebis<strong>da</strong>frTianebi<strong>da</strong>n maT sikvdilamde, maTi <strong>da</strong>saxlebul adgilebSi.gamokvleva tardeba 100 m. intervaliT, rodesac <strong>da</strong>saxlebulia araumetes 100 ha-si, an 200 m-ianiT _ ufro didi farTobis SemTxvevaSi.adgenen 1 m 2 -<strong>da</strong>n amofrenili kaliebis raodenobas TvalTaxedvis areSimoxvedris meTodiT. TvalTaxedvis ared Ria <strong>da</strong>bal mcenareulformaciebSi 4 m-ia, xolo iq sa<strong>da</strong>c maRal mcenareebs vxvdebiT 2 m. amgziT adgenen kaliebis raodenobas 1 ha-ze.4. kaliebis jogur saxeobebze <strong>da</strong>kvirveba xdeba maT ga<strong>da</strong>frenazegamravlebis kerebSi. risTvisac maTi koncentraciis adgilebSi qmnian<strong>da</strong>mkvirvebel punqtebs, sa<strong>da</strong>c aRricxaven frenis intensivobas(ga<strong>da</strong>frenili jogebis raodenoba), simWidroves (kaliebis raodenobamoculobis erTeulze), aRniSnaven jogebis <strong>da</strong>jdomis adgilebs brZolisCatarebisa <strong>da</strong> saSemodgomo aRricxvebis Casatareblad.5. parkuWebis saSemodgomo gamokvleva tardeba iseve rogorc sagazafxulo.mavneobis ekonomikuri zRvari. monitoringis pirobebSi gansakuTrebulimniSvneleba eniWeba mavneobis ekonomikuri zRvrebis <strong>da</strong>zustebas brZolisRonisZiebebis <strong>da</strong>gegmvaSi. italiuri, marokouli <strong>da</strong> agreTve sxva <strong>da</strong>narCeniarajoguri kaliebisa <strong>da</strong> agreTve kutkaliebis saxeobebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>dgenilia,rom brZolis RonisZieba un<strong>da</strong> Catardes <strong>da</strong>saxlebuli farTobis 50-75%-ze,Tu ki simWidrove 1-2 individia 1m 2 ze; 5-10 egz/m 2 ze arsebobis SemTxvevaSi kiun<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>muSavdes <strong>da</strong>saxlebuli farTobebis 75-100%. 10-ze meti egzemplarisSemTxvevaSi ki igegmeba 100-125%-is <strong>da</strong>muSaveba (anu meored <strong>da</strong>muSaveba<strong>da</strong>sWirdeba Sesxurebuli farTobis 25%).joguri kaliebis parkuWanebis 1-2 egz/m 2 ze arsebobisas igegmeba<strong>da</strong>saxlebuli farTobis 100%-iani <strong>da</strong>muSaveba, 3-4 egz/m 2 ze 125%-ini (anu 25%farTobis ganmeorebiTi <strong>da</strong>muSaveba), 5-6 egz/m 2 ze ki 150%-iani (anu 50%farTobis ganmeorebiTi <strong>da</strong>muSaveba).kaliebis joguri formebisTvis mavneobis ekonomikuri zRvari saTibebsa <strong>da</strong>saZovrebze Seadgens 10-15 matls/m 2 ze, italiur kaliaze ki 2-5 matls/m 2 ze.<strong>da</strong>cviTi RonisZiebebi. kaliebi perioduli gamravlebis mwerebsmiekuTvnebian <strong>da</strong> maTi gamravlebis cikls mzis aqtivobis 11-wlian ciklsukavSireben. magram de<strong>da</strong>miwis globalurma <strong>da</strong>Tbobam <strong>da</strong> sxvaantropogenurma faqtorebma seriozuli cvlilebebi gamoiwvia masobrivigamravlebis mwerebSi <strong>da</strong> ukve TiTqmis aT welze metia msoflioSiyovelwliurad kaliebis maRali ricxovneba aRiniSneba. amasTan joguriformebis mqone saxeobebis _ aziuri anu ga<strong>da</strong>mfreni, marokouli <strong>da</strong>italiuri kaliebis winaaRmdeg brZolas saxelmwifo mniSvneloba aqvs,mavneobis Zalian farTo masStabebis gamo. amitom brZolis saqmeSi
10gansakuTrebiT did mniSvnelobas iZens maTi ricxovnobis monitoringi.magram zemoT CamoTvlil yvelaze saSiS saxeobebs gamravlebis staciebiCveni qveynis gareT aqvT (aziuri <strong>da</strong> u<strong>da</strong>bnos kaliebi, xolo marokoulismcire nawilia). amdenad maTi gamravlebis procesze Tvalis midevnebagaZnelebulia, kargad organizebuli monitoringis pirobebSic ki. amitomgansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba pirveladi informaciis miRebas maTigamravlebis adgilebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, brZolisTvismomzadebas. im saxeobebis winaaRmdeg ki romelTac gamravlebis staciebisaqarTveloSi aqvT, aucilebelia im adgilebSi ricxovnobis monitoringisdrouli uzrunvelyofa. aseTive taqtikas un<strong>da</strong> mivmarToT kutkaliebisSemTxvevaSic, romlebic Soreuli migraciiT ar xasiaTdebian <strong>da</strong> maTTanbrZola ramdenadme gaiolebulia.kaliisebrTa biologiuri Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT brZolamimarTuli un<strong>da</strong> iyos mavneblis rogorc axalgazr<strong>da</strong>, aseve saSualo asakismatlebisa <strong>da</strong> mozamTre fazebis winaaRmdeg, raTa maqsimalurad Semcirdesmavneblis ricxovnoba <strong>da</strong> moxdes aRmoCenili kerebis likvi<strong>da</strong>cia. amasTanun<strong>da</strong> gvaxsovdes, rom kaliebis <strong>da</strong> gansakuTrebiT kutikaliebis SemTxvevaSibrZolis ZiriTad taqtikad maTi sas. sam. kulturebisgan izolacia rCeba,RonisZiebaTa sistemis gatarebiT. am mizniT saWiroa gamoyenebuli iqnasfitosanitaruli monitoringi, Si<strong>da</strong>sameurneo saorganizacio RonisZiebebi,brZolis qimiuri, biologiuri <strong>da</strong> agroteqnikuri meTodebi.rekomendebulia:1. mavneblis gavrcelebis zonebSi saZovrebis swori gaZovebisorganizacia, saTibebis mTlianad saZovrad ga<strong>da</strong>qcevis tendenciisaRkveTa, yamiri miwebis <strong>da</strong>muSaveba, raTa kalias (italiurs,marokouls) moespos kvercxis <strong>da</strong>debis saSualeba.2. kvercxdebis adgilebis gamokvleva mavneblis mosalodneligamosvlis ricxovnobis prognozisaTvis (kvercxdebis adgilebSinia<strong>da</strong>gi isea <strong>da</strong>xvretili, TiTqos wvrilqusliani fexsacmliTCauCxvletiaT)3. sasoflo sameurneo savargulebis gamokvlevis Catareba mavneblisadreuli asakis matlebis (I_II) <strong>da</strong>saxlebis gamosavlenad (sanamnaklebi migracia axasiaTebT).4. wamlobiTi RonisZiebebis Catareba qimiuri an biologiuripreparatebiT. qimiuri wamloba umjobesia Catardes matlis asakSi<strong>da</strong>frTianebamde.5. wyalsatevebis piras, wyaroebTan (300 m radiusiT) gamoyenebuli un<strong>da</strong>iqnas agroteqnikuri RonisZiebebi an biologiuri preparatebi.6. didi farTobebis <strong>da</strong>samuSaveblad <strong>da</strong>usaxlebel zonebSimizanSewonilia aviaciis gamoyenebac. bolo periodSi `faos~ miergansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva ultra-mcire moculobiTi<strong>da</strong>muSavebis meTods, sa<strong>da</strong>c samuSao xsnari ha-ze 5-10 l-s araRemateba <strong>da</strong> sagZrnoblad Semcirebulia pesticiduri <strong>da</strong>tvirTva..7. wamlobis zonaSi mosaxleobis, gansakuTrebiT mecxoveleebisa <strong>da</strong>mefutkreebis winaswari gafrTxileba.kaliisebrTa winaaRmdeg gamosayenebeli qimiuri preparatebis nusxapreparatissaxelwodeba,preparatulixarjvisnormakultura,mavnebeli<strong>da</strong>muSavebis xerxi,dro, gamoyenebisTaviseburebalodinisperiodimosavlisD<strong>da</strong>muSavebulfarTob-
11forma,SezRudvebidecisi, ek(25 g/l)(2), (T)decisieqstra, ek(125 g/l)(2), (T)karate, ek(50 g/l)(1), (T)Serpa, ek(250 g/l)(1), (T)arivo,ek(250 g/l)(1), (T)fastaki, ek(100 g/l)(2), (T)buldoki, ek(25 g/l)(2), (T)l/ha,kg/ha0.4-0.50.06-0.10.1-0.15----"__<strong>da</strong>samuSavebeliobieqtisaZovrebi,velurimcenareulobapiretroidebiSesxurebakaliebi matlebis masobrivigamoCekis periodSiaRebamde(dRe),gamoyenebisjeradobazexeliT(meqanizirebuli)samuSaoebis<strong>da</strong>wyebisdro20(1) -(3)----"__ ----"__ ----"__ ----"__ 7(3)arasasoflosameurneo<strong>da</strong>niSnulebismiwebi----"__0.2-0.4 ----"__0.1-0.15saZovrebi,velurimcenareuloba, kaliebiT<strong>da</strong>saxlebulinakveTebiarajogurikaliebijogurikaliebi(umcrosiasakismatlebi)jogurikaliebi(ufrosiasakismatlebi <strong>da</strong>imago)kaliebiSesxurebavegetaciisperiodSi30(1) 10(4)----"__ ----"__ ----"__----"__ ----"__ ----"__Sesxurebamatlebis masobrivigamoCekis periodSi20(1) 7(3)----"__ ----"__ ----"__ ----"__ ----"__ __"__0.1-0.15 saZovrebi,velurimcenareuloba0.30.3----"__saZovrebi,saTibebiarajogurikaliebi,jogurikaliebi(umcrosiasakismatlebi)jogurikaliebi(ufrosiasakismatlebi <strong>da</strong>imago)arajogurikaliebi,jogurikaliebi(umcrosiasakismatlebi)SesxurebavegetaciisperiodSi----"__ ----"__ 10(4)----"__ ----"__ ----"__15(1) 7(3)
fiuri, we100 g/l(1), (T)kinmiksi, ek(50 g/l)(1), (T)sumicidini, ek(200 g/l)(1), (T)sumi-alfa, ek(50 g/l)(1), (T)mavriki, ek(240 g/l)(4), (T)bi-58 axali,ek (500 g/l)(1)dursbani, ek(480 g/l)(1), (T)nurel d, ek(550 g/l)(1), (T)karbofosi, ek(500 g/l)(1), (T)sumiTioni, ek(500 g/l)(1), (T)dimilini, sf(250 g/l)(3)0.50.10.5-0.60.4-0.50.2-0.250.11-20.50.4-0.52-30.8-1.80.14(a)0.05----"__saZovrebi,velurimcenareuloba, kaliebiT<strong>da</strong>saxlebulinakveTebisaZovrebi,velurimcenareuloba12jogurikaliebi(ufrosiasakismatlebi <strong>da</strong>imago)----"__ ----"__ ----"__kaliebi ----"__ 20(1) 7(3)----"__Sesxurebamatlebis masobrivigamoCekis periodSi----"__ 10(4)----"__ ----"__ ----"__ 25(1) 7(3)saZovrebi,velurimcenareuloba, kaliebiT<strong>da</strong>saxlebulinakveTebi----"__ ----"__ 20(1) 10(4)saZovrebi,veluri ----"__ ----"__ ----"__ 7(3)mcenareulobafosfororganuli inseqticidebisaZovrebi,velurimcenareulobasaZovrebi,velurimcenareuloba, kaliebiT<strong>da</strong>saxlebulinakveTebikaliebiarajogurikaliebiSesxurebavegetaciisperiodSipiretroidebTanerTadkombinirebulinazviTSesxurebavegetaciisperiodSi30(1) 10(4)20(1) __"__----"__ ----"__ ----"__ ----"__ 10(4)velurimcenareuloba, sasoflosameurneokulturebikaliebiSesxurebamatlebis masobrivigamoCekis periodSi20(2) __"__----"__ ----"__ ----"__ 20(1) -(3)ftorSemcvelebi (qitinis sinTezis inhibitori)saZovrebi,veluriSesxurebamcenareulobakaliebi matlebis masobrivi, kaliebiTgamoCekis periodSi<strong>da</strong>saxlebulinakveTebiSesxureba----"__ ----"__mavneblis matlebis----"__ 7(3)20(1) ----"__
13adonisi, ek(40 g/l)(1)(a)0.10.1 (a)0.05----"__----"__----"__fazaSilentiseburimeTodiT (lentissigane 80-120 m,lentebs SorismanZili 300 m)fenilpirazolebiSesxurebamatlebiskaliebi ganviTarebisperiodSi 300-400l/ha-zeSesxurebamatlebis----"__ ganviTarebisperiodSi 50 l/hazeSesxurebamatlebisganviTarebisperiodSilentiseburimeTodiT, xarjva----"__150-200 l/ha-ze(lentis sigane <strong>da</strong>lentebs SorismanZiliSemasxureblistolia - 15-40 m)21(1) 7(3)----"__ ----"__----"__ ----"__konfidori,wxk(200 g/l)(1)0.30.5----"____"__nionikotinoidebiarajogurikaliebijogurikaliebiSesxurebamatlebisganviTarebisperiodSi20(1) 1(-)__"__ __"__ __"__(a) _ aviaSesxureba(T) - gamoyenebis akrZalva Tevzsameurneo wyalsatevebis sanitarul zonaSi(500 m-Si)(1)-<strong>da</strong>n (4)-mde cifrobrivi aRniSvnebi niSnavs saSiSroebis klass futkrebismimarT, <strong>da</strong>wyebuli maRaltoqsikuri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli praqtikula<strong>da</strong>ratoqsikuriT.sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveynebSi biopreparatebi<strong>da</strong>n iSviaTad (maTi maRaliRirebulebis gamo) gamoiyeneba mikrosporidia Nosema locustae qatozemomzadebuli moSxamuli misatyuaris saxiT _ 1 kg/ha-ze (2.5 mlrd. spora)lokaluri gamoyenebisaTvis wylebis <strong>da</strong> skebis axlos; mikoinseqticidiMetarhizium sp. _ 100 g/ha ( moqmedi nivTierebiT).kaliebis winaaRmdeg brolis taqtika <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia konkretulifitosanitariuli mdgomareobis pirobebze. gamoiyeneba rogorc mTliani<strong>da</strong>muSaveba, gansakuTrebiT joguri kaliebisa <strong>da</strong> arajoguri kaliebispirveli-meore asakis matlebis winaaRmdeg, mavneblis mWidro <strong>da</strong>saxlebisas.aseve kaliebis moZravi jogis winaaRmdeg amuSaveben mTel <strong>da</strong>kavebulfarTobs <strong>da</strong> jogis svlis mimarTulebiT 200-300 m-ian manZils. ufroprogresul, ekologiurad naklebad saSiS <strong>da</strong> ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT
14gamarTlebul meTods warmoadgens lentiseburi <strong>da</strong>muSaveba (<strong>da</strong>muSavebuli<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>umuSavebeli zolebis monacvleoba), romlis dros izogebainseqtoakaricidebi, dro <strong>da</strong> orjer mcirdeba <strong>da</strong>muSavebis xarjebi, mcirdebagaremosaTvis qimiuri pesticidebis totaluri gamoyenebiT gamowveulizarali. zogjer gamoiyeneba wriuli barieri naTesebis irgvliv maTimosalodneli ganadgurebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>cvis mizniT.gaeros <strong>sursaTis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> soflis meurneobis organizaciis _ "faos"saeqsperto sabWos rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis Tanaxmad kaliebis winaaRmdeg idealurakaricids un<strong>da</strong> axasiaTebdes maqsimaluri efeqturoba <strong>da</strong>bali dozebisgamoyenebisas, maRali moqmedebis siCqare, rogorc kontaqturi isenawlavuri (sistemuri) moqmedeba, xangrZlivi persistentoba, efeqturobamavneblis ganviTarebis yvela fazis (matlebi, imago) mimarT, a<strong>da</strong>mianisa <strong>da</strong>garemosaTvis <strong>da</strong>bali saSiSroeba.saerTaSoriso gamocdilebiT metnaklebad srulyofilad ammoTxovnebis kompleqs pasuxoben piretroiduli preparatebi<strong>da</strong>n decisi <strong>da</strong>karate, sistemuri moqmedebis xasiaTis preparati adonisi <strong>da</strong> qitinissinTezis inhibitori dimilini. kaliebis Semosevisagan naTesebis swrafi<strong>da</strong>cvisaTvis ufro efeqturia Åfosfororganuli preparatebi (dursbani),gansakuTrebiT ultramcire moculobiani SesxurebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>mzadebuliumo-s formebis aviaciiT gamoyenebisas.zemoT moyvanil cxrilSi mocemuli sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva jgufis efeqturiqimiuri preparatebis SerCevisas un<strong>da</strong> gamovdiodeT konkretuli pirobebi<strong>da</strong>n<strong>da</strong> brZolis amocani<strong>da</strong>n. ase italiuri kaliis <strong>da</strong> arajoguri kaliebiswinaaRmdeg, agreTve joguri kaliebis erTeulebis fazaSi,ÇÇze<strong>da</strong>balidozirebisa <strong>da</strong> maRali mdgradobis (persistentobis) mqone preparatisgamoyenebis aucileblobisas, preventuli (wriuli barierebi) <strong>da</strong>lentiseburi <strong>da</strong>muSavebisas upiratesoba un<strong>da</strong> mieces adoniss an dimelins.aRsaniSnavia, rom maTi <strong>da</strong>cviTi moqmedebis periodi grZeldeba 2-<strong>da</strong>n 4-6kviramde. jogebis gamoCenisas, roca saWiroa toqsikuri moqmedebis maRalisiCqare, agreTve marokouli kaliis winaaRmdeg upiratesobiT sargeblobenpiretroidebi <strong>da</strong> fosfororganuli preparatebi. aziuri kaliis winaaRmdegmaRal efeqturia sistemuri preparati adonisi. kontaqturi moqmedebisxasiaTis piretroidebi <strong>da</strong> fos-ebi gamoiyeneba uSualod kaliebis grovebiswinaaRmdeg.aRsaniSnavia, rom dimilini, romelic xasiaTdeba neli moqmedebiT,umjobesia gamoyenebul iqnas saZovrebze, sa<strong>da</strong>c ar aris soflis meurneobisproduqciis <strong>da</strong>kargvis uSualo saSiSroeba. misi gamoyeneba efeqturiamxolod matlebis me-4 xnovanebis miRwevamde, xolo Sereuli stadiebis(matlebi, imago) SemTxvevaSi mizanSeuwonelia. kibosnairnis mimarT maRalitoqsikurobis gamo dimilini ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas wyalsatevebis<strong>da</strong> mdinareebis axlos. kibosnairTaTvis maRaltoqsikuri arian agreTvedursbani, decisi <strong>da</strong> karate.Tevzebis mimarT saSualod toqsikuria dursbani, maRaltoqsikuriabuldoki.un<strong>da</strong> gvaxsovdes, rom adonisi, romelic maRaltoqsikuriafutkrebisaTvis, umjobesia gamoyenebul iqnas lentiseburi meTodiT, xolomisi gamoyenebis dRes skebSi <strong>da</strong>gmanuli un<strong>da</strong> iqnas futkrebis gamosafreni.futkrebisaTvis maRaltoqsikuri arian agreTve fos-ebi.radganac piretroidul <strong>da</strong> fosfororganul preparatebs ar axasiaTebsxangrZlivi toqsikuri moqmedeba, kaliebis meoradi <strong>da</strong>saxlebis SemTxvevaSi
15<strong>da</strong>muSaveba un<strong>da</strong> ganmeordes.Çufrosi xnovanebis matlebis <strong>da</strong> imagoswinaaRmdeg piretroidebis gamoyenebisas maTi xarjvis normebi un<strong>da</strong>gadiddes.ÇÇÇpesticidebis swori gamoyenebisas <strong>da</strong> sanitaruli wesebisa <strong>da</strong>higienuri normebis mkacri <strong>da</strong>cvisas isini praqtikulad ar warmoadgenensaSiSroebas a<strong>da</strong>mianis janmrTelobisaTvis. gansakuTrebuli sifrTxilegvmarTebs fosfororganul preparatebTan mopyrobisas.saorganizacio RonisZiebani1. wamlobiTi RonisZiebebis <strong>da</strong>wyebis win mosaxleoba gafrTxilebuliun<strong>da</strong> iqnas masobrivi informaciis saSualebebiT, raTa ar moxdesmosaxleobisa Tu pirutyvis mowamvla, futkris ganadgureba.2. wamlobaze momuSave pirebs un<strong>da</strong> hqondeT gavlili samedicinoSemowmeba, aRWurvilni un<strong>da</strong> iyvnen spectansacmliTa <strong>da</strong>respiratorebiT. un<strong>da</strong> iyvnen fxizel mdgomareobaSi, wamlobiTRonisZiebebze ar <strong>da</strong>iSvebian mozardebi 16 wlamde.3. ar un<strong>da</strong> moxdes momzadebuli xsnaris mdinareebSi, wyalsatevebSi,tbebSi <strong>da</strong> WebSi Cadineba.4. aviaciiT Sesxurebisas gamoyenebul un<strong>da</strong> iqnes signalizatorebi.aviaSesxureba <strong>da</strong>iSveba Tu qaris siCqare 4 m/w (msxvilwveTovani) <strong>da</strong>araumetes 3 m/w wvrilwveTovanis dros.
ekomen<strong>da</strong>cia moamzades:<strong>mcenareTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis samsaxuri (m.gelaSvili, n.giunaSvili)l.yanCavelis sax. <strong>mcenareTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis samecniero-kvleviTi instituti(k.kikoria)konsultanti: biologiur mecnierebaTa kandi<strong>da</strong>ti g.goderZiSvilirekomen<strong>da</strong>cia gankuTvnilia: <strong>mcenareTa</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis specialistebisaTvis, soflismeurneobaSi <strong>da</strong>saqmebuli fermerebisaTvis, miwaTmosargebleebisaTvisgamoSvebaze pasuxismgebeli: m.RvinefaZe
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