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naTel-Crdili<br />

buli iyo da arafrad Rirda avtoriteti<br />

_ arc asakis da gamocdilebis, arc<br />

talantisa da codnis, saxifaTo Seiqna<br />

warmomavloba da gvariSviloba... 1934-is<br />

agvisto-seqtemberSi gamarTul sabWoTa<br />

mwerlebis pirvel yrilobazeve aSkara<br />

gaxda, rom literaturasa da xelovnebaSi<br />

bolo moeRo azris Tavisuflebas,<br />

SemoqmedebiT Ziebebsa da eqsperimentebs.<br />

amieridan partiuli loialobiT<br />

icdeboda sityvisa da funjis ostati.<br />

mkvidrdeboda erTaderTi mimdinareoba _<br />

socrealizmi. yvela sxva mimarTuleba<br />

Tu `izmi~ mZvinvare `wiTeli teroris~<br />

msxverpli xdeboda... lado gudiaSvilsac,<br />

iseve rogorc sazRvargareT<br />

wrTvnagamovlil yovel xelovansa Tu<br />

codnaSeZenil mecniers, eWvis TvaliT _<br />

almacerad da undoblad uyurebda oficiozi.<br />

raRa Tqma unda, sulierad daZabuli<br />

ganicdida ostati am saxifaTo aTvalwunebas,<br />

frTxili iyo, rameTu icoda<br />

_ SeiZleboda erTi mavani Cinovnikis<br />

umecari sityva sabediswero aRmoCeniliyo<br />

nebismieri xelovanis ara martoden<br />

SemoqmedebisaTvis, aramed sicocxlisaTvisac;<br />

rom `naivisti~ xalxuri mxatvris<br />

_ Salom koboSvilis warmodgena<br />

e.w. `revoluciamdeli primitivistis~ _<br />

firosmanis mimdevrad, maTi mxatvruli<br />

Taviseburebebis, Tundac pirobiTad, erT<br />

sibrtyeze dayeneba, uTuod aRiqmeboda<br />

socrealizmisaTvis ucxo, raRac sxva<br />

mimdinareobis aRiarebad. es ki, aSkarad,<br />

yofna-aryofnis garduval safrTxes<br />

Seuqmnida orive mxatvris memkvidreobas.<br />

amitomac _ oRond gadaerCina, oRond<br />

aeridebina maTTvis tiraniis boroti<br />

bazari Zvel ierusalimSi. mxatvari mordexai janaSvili<br />

Tvali, _ gaTiSa isini: firosmani warsuls<br />

Seafara da iq datova saimedod,<br />

xolo koboSvilis mniSvneloba viTomda<br />

oden eTnografiuli suraTebis fermwerobiT<br />

Semofargla, ris Sedegadac,<br />

uneburad, huriaTa qarTvelTa pirveli<br />

mxatvris memkvidreoba jer istoriuleTnografiuli<br />

muzeumis viwro sivrceSi<br />

moeqca, Semdeg ki, ager naxevari saukunea,<br />

e.w. samuzeumo mxatvrul fondTa sacav-<br />

Sia Caketili.<br />

bedisweraa swored, saxeze gudiaSvilis<br />

qaragmuli `freskis Rimili~ rom<br />

dahfenia. aba sxvagvarad rogor warmovidginoT<br />

`wamebis gzaze~ maTi gadarCena.<br />

kamara mecamete<br />

dasabamidan iyoo sityva... TumcaRa,<br />

albaT, martoden sityva ara. sityviT<br />

iqmna naTeli, romelmac naTelhyo feric.<br />

amitomaa, rom xelovanTa suli im-<br />

TaviTve erTnairad wamebulia sityviT<br />

da feriT, rameTu erTic da meorec uxsovar<br />

Jamidanve dagznebuli cecxlia da<br />

sawuTroc, es sityviTa da feriT naZerwi<br />

sakvirveleba, am cecxlSia gamotarebuli<br />

da nawrTobi. oRondac, is kia, rom<br />

igi maradiuli mSvenierebis ziari maSin<br />

xdeba, Tu WeSmariti mxatvris xilvebi-<br />

Taa sadReoze gamoxmobili.<br />

Salom koboSvilis unikaluri mexsierebis<br />

gamo, Tavis droze, legendebi<br />

daiareboda Turme. araerTgzis msmenia<br />

mis TanamedroveTagan: Saloms sakuTar<br />

sulwiaRSi hqonda davanebuli sruliad<br />

samcxe-javaxeTis, metadre _ axalcixel<br />

ebraelTa saukuneebSi moxveWili ganZi<br />

_ uZvelesi qarTuli ZarRviani sityvebi,<br />

kilokavebi, kolorituli saxiani Tqmani.<br />

da isini, rogorc Zvel zandukSi SemorCenili<br />

dedis namziTvari nivTebi, iseTive<br />

siyvaruliT da Cumi siamayiT amohqonda<br />

mexsierebidan da afenda samzeozeo.<br />

vixseneb: rodesac mweralma akaki<br />

gelovanma, _ Tavad saxviTi xelovnebisa<br />

da xelovanTa trfialma, _ werili miuZRvna<br />

megobari mxatvris, miSa (mordex)<br />

janaSvilis xsovnas, SeumCneveli ar<br />

darCenia qarTvel ebraelTagan pirveli<br />

profesionali fermweris pieTeti da<br />

mowiwebiT pativiscema misi winamorbedi<br />

Tanatomeli xalxuri mxatvrisadmi, romlis<br />

memkvidreobasac igi `qviSaSi napovn<br />

oqros marcvlebs~ uZaxda Turme.<br />

_ miSam kargad icoda, ra amagic dasdo<br />

lado gudiaSvilma firosmanis saqvey-<br />

nod aRiarebas, _ sagangebod aRniSnavda<br />

mwerali, _ da amitomac Txova erTxel<br />

maestros: _ egeb dageweraT rame Salom<br />

koboSvilze saxelovnebo JurnalisTviso.<br />

maSin lados upasuxia: `me namdvilad<br />

didad vafaseb Salom koboSvilis<br />

Semoqmedebas, magram statia Tqven unda<br />

daweroT, radgan Salomis memkvidreoba<br />

mTlianad erovnuli xasiaTisaa da Tqven<br />

ufro SegiZliaT misi sulis gaxsna<br />

(xazi Cemia. o.s.). Salomis Semoqmedebas<br />

ar sWirdeba avtoritetis moSvelieba,<br />

is TviTonaa avtoriteti~.<br />

(etyoba miSas gulTan axlo miutania<br />

ufrosi kolegis rCeva da mogvianebiT<br />

vrceli statiac dauweria Salom<br />

koboSvilze, romelic israelSi, qarTulenovan<br />

gazeT `samSoblos~ sam nomerSi<br />

gamouqveynebia 1985 wels. statiaSi miSa<br />

acxadebs: koboSvilis mogonebebis safuZvelze<br />

ukve Seqmnili maqvs ferweruli<br />

suraTi _ `firosmanisa da Salomis<br />

Sexvedra tfilisis Rvinis sardafSi~,<br />

xolo akaki gelovanis TqmiT, miSa janaSvils,<br />

imavdroulad, `ebraelTa firosmanis~<br />

25-mde naxatis aslebic Seusrulebia<br />

zeTis ferebSi... aSkaraa, rom<br />

profesional mxatvars afiqrebda da<br />

adardebda xalxuri Semoqmedis naxelqmnaris<br />

_ akvarelisa da guaSis saRebavebiT<br />

qaRaldze daxatuli suraTebis momavali<br />

bedi, maTi `susti fizikuri gam-<br />

Zleobis~ gamo... _ sad aris axla miSa<br />

janaSvilis is namuSevrebi? xom Sesa-<br />

Zloa, maT Soris aRmoCeniliyo aslebi<br />

koboSvilis im suraTebisa, amJamad rom<br />

aRarsad Cans?!).<br />

uTuod, Zneli warmosadgenia Salom<br />

koboSvilis mxatvruli memkvidreoba<br />

erovnuli sawyisebisagan, ZirZveli<br />

ebrauli tradiciebisagan mowyvetilad,<br />

rameTu ebraelTaTvis erovnulisa da<br />

religiuris gageba identuria da ganucalkevebeli.<br />

amdenad, ar egebis ebrauli<br />

yofa Toris mcnebebis gareSe, romelSic<br />

winaparTa sulia gamJRavnebuli. Salomis<br />

SemoqmedebaSi ki, `huriaTa qarTvel-<br />

Ta~ yofa-cxovrebisa da sarwmunoebrivi<br />

wes-adaTebis marTlad asaxvasTan erTad,<br />

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania folklorul<br />

motivebTan, xalxuri xelovnebis<br />

esTetikasTan bunebrivi siaxlove,<br />

SeiZleba iTqvas, RviZli naTesaoba.<br />

albaT, imitomac vdumdi didxans,<br />

rom lamis SeuZleblad meCveneboda Salom<br />

koboSvilis naxatebis sulieri<br />

Zirebis rkveva, maTSi wvdoma, an maT gamo<br />

sxvaTa mier ukve TqmulTan SedarebiT<br />

raime gansxvavebulis Tqma, maTi qarTvel<br />

ebraelTa zepirsityvierebis nimuSebTan,<br />

ufro ki _ axalcixelTa folklor-<br />

Tan kavSirSi ganxilvis gareSe. magram<br />

sad iyo is nimuSebi, rom xeli mimwvdomoda?<br />

vicodi, Tavis droze muzeumis<br />

TanamSromlebi savele eqspediciebze, maT<br />

Soris samcxe-javaxeTSic rom iwerdnen<br />

moxuc ebrael xalxur mTqmelTagan Zvel<br />

simRerebs, leqsebs, Tqmulebebs, Sairebsa<br />

Tu Selocvebs. magram, rogorc Cans, ma-<br />

Sin maTi publikacia muzeumis erTad<br />

erT beWdviT gamocemaSi _ `SromebSi~<br />

ver moxerxda, xolo omis damTavrebis<br />

Semdeg oden erTi (mesame) tomiRa gamovida<br />

`Sromebisa~ _ 1945-Si. mere ki,<br />

mZvinvare saxelmwifo antisemitizmis<br />

viTarebaSi vis SeeZlo, an vin gabedavda<br />

sityvis daZvras ebraelTa istoriasa<br />

Tu kulturaze, Tundac _ xalxur Semoqmedebaze.<br />

samwuxarod, ganukiTxaoba da<br />

daviwyebis mtveri aRmoCnda im, vin icis,<br />

ra rudunebiT Segrovil folkloruli<br />

ganZis xvedri. da dRemde gaurkvevelia,<br />

1951-Si, muzeumis likvidirebis dros,<br />

romel arqivsa Tu fondSi moxvda an<br />

STainTqa qarTvel ebraelTa TviTmyofi<br />

kulturis, maTi mxatvruli warmosaxvis<br />

mowme da dasturi zepirsityvierebis<br />

Canawerebi...<br />

TumcaRa, moxda ki ise, Tavis soflis<br />

samduravSi rom uTqvams rusTvels:<br />

`magram RmerTi ar gaswiravs~ Sengan<br />

ganawirsao. gaumxelel imedsa da molodinSi<br />

gamoxda mravali weli, icvleboda<br />

Jamni da vin ifiqrebda, rom aq, amerikaSi<br />

gazeT `daviTis faris~ redaqtori simon<br />

krixeli gamacnobda Tavisi mamis, didi<br />

xnis win gardacvlil filolog aron<br />

krixelis arqivSi axlaxans mignebul xelnawer<br />

naSroms _ `qarTvel ebraelTa<br />

xalxuri Semoqmedeba~, romelSic axalcixelTa<br />

folkloris sagulisxmo nimuSebic<br />

aRmoCnda. da miuxedavad imisa,<br />

rom naSroms aSkarad aklia profesionali<br />

folkloristis xeli, CemTvis es<br />

qifuris dRe<br />

mxatvari mordexai janaSvili<br />

13<br />

semk<br />

mainc iyo... ar vici _ ra? _ albaT,<br />

saswauli!.. 2006 wlis zafxuli idga.<br />

is-is iyo TbilisSi, qarvaslis sagamofeno<br />

darbazSi moewyo Salom koboSvilis<br />

dabadebis 130 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavi<br />

misi naxatebis saiubileo vernisaJi da<br />

gamoica feradovani albomi-katalogi<br />

_ gamofenis moTavis, xelovnebaTmcodne<br />

lela wiwuaSvilis winasityvaobiT. am<br />

RirsSesaniSnav movlenas win uswrebda<br />

israelSi rusulenovan gazeTSi (`novosti<br />

nedeli~. 21.07.05) dabeWdili<br />

cnobili radioJurnalistis, mixeil<br />

fiCxaZis werili koboSvilis gamo, sa-<br />

TauriT _ `is firosmani ar aris, igi<br />

sxvaa~. am publikaciasTan dakavSirebiT<br />

umal Tavi gamoido TbilisSi qarTulenovanma<br />

gazeTma `menoram~ (31.05.06) da<br />

misma redaqtorma, dramaturgma guram ba-<br />

TiaSvilma Ria weriliT mimarTa saqarTvelos<br />

erovnuli muzeumis generalur<br />

direqtors, profesor daviT lorTqifaniZes.<br />

gazeTi, faqtobrivad, ebrauli<br />

kulturis qomagis poziciidan Txovda<br />

adresats, mkiTxvelebisaTvis gaecno, Tu<br />

ra mdgomareobaSia amJamad misi uwyebis<br />

fondSi daculi koboSvilis naxatebi.<br />

Temam ganapiroba da, werilis<br />

avtori saTiTaod asaxelebda saqarTvelos<br />

ebraelTa muzeumis yvela yofil<br />

direqtors _ omamdels Tu Semdgomdroindels,<br />

magram ratomRac sul ar<br />

gaxsenebia swored is pirovneba, romlis<br />

direqtorad muSaobis Jamsac gauqmda<br />

despoturi reJimis mier likvidirebuli<br />

qarTvel ebraelTa es ukanaskneli<br />

kulturuli kera; ar uxsenebia ilia<br />

papisimedovi, romelmac pirvelma SeniSna<br />

da amagi dasdo Tanatomeli xalxuri<br />

mxatvris niWis gamovlenas, misi naxelqmnaris<br />

dafasebas da mofrTxilebas. sxvaTa<br />

Soris, manve dawera da 1940 wels,<br />

mxatvris sicocxleSive, gamoaqveyna<br />

muzeumis `SromebSi~ pirveli da dRemde<br />

erTaderTi narkvevi Salom koboSvilis<br />

cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze. Tundac<br />

es naSromi xom mainc unda scodnoda<br />

namdvil gulSematkivars?! da marTalia,<br />

maSin araerTgzis gamxsenebia sulmnaT<br />

akademikos ivane javaxiSvilis ander-<br />

ZiviT Tqmuli: `mterze uaresia uvicoba<br />

da ufro metad _ vaimcodneobao~, magram<br />

_ gamogitydebiT _ Cemze araviTari<br />

zegavlena ar mouxdenia arc `menoras~<br />

TvalSisacem `gulmaviwyobas~ da arc<br />

im xarvezebs, romelTagan dazRveuli,<br />

samwuxarod, sxva publikaciebic ar aRmoCnda.<br />

CemTvis namdvili sixaruli da<br />

STagoneba iyo axalcixel ebraelTa<br />

folkloris is axalmignebuli _ arc-<br />

Tu uxvi, magram uTuod sagulisxmo _<br />

nimuSebi, romelTa wyalobiTac ukve Sei-<br />

Zleboda Salom koboSvilis Semoqmedebis<br />

ramdenadme gansxvavebul aspeqtSi<br />

danaxva da gaazreba.<br />

oTar sefiaSvili<br />

xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe<br />

niu iorki

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