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naTel-Crdili<br />
buli iyo da arafrad Rirda avtoriteti<br />
_ arc asakis da gamocdilebis, arc<br />
talantisa da codnis, saxifaTo Seiqna<br />
warmomavloba da gvariSviloba... 1934-is<br />
agvisto-seqtemberSi gamarTul sabWoTa<br />
mwerlebis pirvel yrilobazeve aSkara<br />
gaxda, rom literaturasa da xelovnebaSi<br />
bolo moeRo azris Tavisuflebas,<br />
SemoqmedebiT Ziebebsa da eqsperimentebs.<br />
amieridan partiuli loialobiT<br />
icdeboda sityvisa da funjis ostati.<br />
mkvidrdeboda erTaderTi mimdinareoba _<br />
socrealizmi. yvela sxva mimarTuleba<br />
Tu `izmi~ mZvinvare `wiTeli teroris~<br />
msxverpli xdeboda... lado gudiaSvilsac,<br />
iseve rogorc sazRvargareT<br />
wrTvnagamovlil yovel xelovansa Tu<br />
codnaSeZenil mecniers, eWvis TvaliT _<br />
almacerad da undoblad uyurebda oficiozi.<br />
raRa Tqma unda, sulierad daZabuli<br />
ganicdida ostati am saxifaTo aTvalwunebas,<br />
frTxili iyo, rameTu icoda<br />
_ SeiZleboda erTi mavani Cinovnikis<br />
umecari sityva sabediswero aRmoCeniliyo<br />
nebismieri xelovanis ara martoden<br />
SemoqmedebisaTvis, aramed sicocxlisaTvisac;<br />
rom `naivisti~ xalxuri mxatvris<br />
_ Salom koboSvilis warmodgena<br />
e.w. `revoluciamdeli primitivistis~ _<br />
firosmanis mimdevrad, maTi mxatvruli<br />
Taviseburebebis, Tundac pirobiTad, erT<br />
sibrtyeze dayeneba, uTuod aRiqmeboda<br />
socrealizmisaTvis ucxo, raRac sxva<br />
mimdinareobis aRiarebad. es ki, aSkarad,<br />
yofna-aryofnis garduval safrTxes<br />
Seuqmnida orive mxatvris memkvidreobas.<br />
amitomac _ oRond gadaerCina, oRond<br />
aeridebina maTTvis tiraniis boroti<br />
bazari Zvel ierusalimSi. mxatvari mordexai janaSvili<br />
Tvali, _ gaTiSa isini: firosmani warsuls<br />
Seafara da iq datova saimedod,<br />
xolo koboSvilis mniSvneloba viTomda<br />
oden eTnografiuli suraTebis fermwerobiT<br />
Semofargla, ris Sedegadac,<br />
uneburad, huriaTa qarTvelTa pirveli<br />
mxatvris memkvidreoba jer istoriuleTnografiuli<br />
muzeumis viwro sivrceSi<br />
moeqca, Semdeg ki, ager naxevari saukunea,<br />
e.w. samuzeumo mxatvrul fondTa sacav-<br />
Sia Caketili.<br />
bedisweraa swored, saxeze gudiaSvilis<br />
qaragmuli `freskis Rimili~ rom<br />
dahfenia. aba sxvagvarad rogor warmovidginoT<br />
`wamebis gzaze~ maTi gadarCena.<br />
kamara mecamete<br />
dasabamidan iyoo sityva... TumcaRa,<br />
albaT, martoden sityva ara. sityviT<br />
iqmna naTeli, romelmac naTelhyo feric.<br />
amitomaa, rom xelovanTa suli im-<br />
TaviTve erTnairad wamebulia sityviT<br />
da feriT, rameTu erTic da meorec uxsovar<br />
Jamidanve dagznebuli cecxlia da<br />
sawuTroc, es sityviTa da feriT naZerwi<br />
sakvirveleba, am cecxlSia gamotarebuli<br />
da nawrTobi. oRondac, is kia, rom<br />
igi maradiuli mSvenierebis ziari maSin<br />
xdeba, Tu WeSmariti mxatvris xilvebi-<br />
Taa sadReoze gamoxmobili.<br />
Salom koboSvilis unikaluri mexsierebis<br />
gamo, Tavis droze, legendebi<br />
daiareboda Turme. araerTgzis msmenia<br />
mis TanamedroveTagan: Saloms sakuTar<br />
sulwiaRSi hqonda davanebuli sruliad<br />
samcxe-javaxeTis, metadre _ axalcixel<br />
ebraelTa saukuneebSi moxveWili ganZi<br />
_ uZvelesi qarTuli ZarRviani sityvebi,<br />
kilokavebi, kolorituli saxiani Tqmani.<br />
da isini, rogorc Zvel zandukSi SemorCenili<br />
dedis namziTvari nivTebi, iseTive<br />
siyvaruliT da Cumi siamayiT amohqonda<br />
mexsierebidan da afenda samzeozeo.<br />
vixseneb: rodesac mweralma akaki<br />
gelovanma, _ Tavad saxviTi xelovnebisa<br />
da xelovanTa trfialma, _ werili miuZRvna<br />
megobari mxatvris, miSa (mordex)<br />
janaSvilis xsovnas, SeumCneveli ar<br />
darCenia qarTvel ebraelTagan pirveli<br />
profesionali fermweris pieTeti da<br />
mowiwebiT pativiscema misi winamorbedi<br />
Tanatomeli xalxuri mxatvrisadmi, romlis<br />
memkvidreobasac igi `qviSaSi napovn<br />
oqros marcvlebs~ uZaxda Turme.<br />
_ miSam kargad icoda, ra amagic dasdo<br />
lado gudiaSvilma firosmanis saqvey-<br />
nod aRiarebas, _ sagangebod aRniSnavda<br />
mwerali, _ da amitomac Txova erTxel<br />
maestros: _ egeb dageweraT rame Salom<br />
koboSvilze saxelovnebo JurnalisTviso.<br />
maSin lados upasuxia: `me namdvilad<br />
didad vafaseb Salom koboSvilis<br />
Semoqmedebas, magram statia Tqven unda<br />
daweroT, radgan Salomis memkvidreoba<br />
mTlianad erovnuli xasiaTisaa da Tqven<br />
ufro SegiZliaT misi sulis gaxsna<br />
(xazi Cemia. o.s.). Salomis Semoqmedebas<br />
ar sWirdeba avtoritetis moSvelieba,<br />
is TviTonaa avtoriteti~.<br />
(etyoba miSas gulTan axlo miutania<br />
ufrosi kolegis rCeva da mogvianebiT<br />
vrceli statiac dauweria Salom<br />
koboSvilze, romelic israelSi, qarTulenovan<br />
gazeT `samSoblos~ sam nomerSi<br />
gamouqveynebia 1985 wels. statiaSi miSa<br />
acxadebs: koboSvilis mogonebebis safuZvelze<br />
ukve Seqmnili maqvs ferweruli<br />
suraTi _ `firosmanisa da Salomis<br />
Sexvedra tfilisis Rvinis sardafSi~,<br />
xolo akaki gelovanis TqmiT, miSa janaSvils,<br />
imavdroulad, `ebraelTa firosmanis~<br />
25-mde naxatis aslebic Seusrulebia<br />
zeTis ferebSi... aSkaraa, rom<br />
profesional mxatvars afiqrebda da<br />
adardebda xalxuri Semoqmedis naxelqmnaris<br />
_ akvarelisa da guaSis saRebavebiT<br />
qaRaldze daxatuli suraTebis momavali<br />
bedi, maTi `susti fizikuri gam-<br />
Zleobis~ gamo... _ sad aris axla miSa<br />
janaSvilis is namuSevrebi? xom Sesa-<br />
Zloa, maT Soris aRmoCeniliyo aslebi<br />
koboSvilis im suraTebisa, amJamad rom<br />
aRarsad Cans?!).<br />
uTuod, Zneli warmosadgenia Salom<br />
koboSvilis mxatvruli memkvidreoba<br />
erovnuli sawyisebisagan, ZirZveli<br />
ebrauli tradiciebisagan mowyvetilad,<br />
rameTu ebraelTaTvis erovnulisa da<br />
religiuris gageba identuria da ganucalkevebeli.<br />
amdenad, ar egebis ebrauli<br />
yofa Toris mcnebebis gareSe, romelSic<br />
winaparTa sulia gamJRavnebuli. Salomis<br />
SemoqmedebaSi ki, `huriaTa qarTvel-<br />
Ta~ yofa-cxovrebisa da sarwmunoebrivi<br />
wes-adaTebis marTlad asaxvasTan erTad,<br />
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania folklorul<br />
motivebTan, xalxuri xelovnebis<br />
esTetikasTan bunebrivi siaxlove,<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, RviZli naTesaoba.<br />
albaT, imitomac vdumdi didxans,<br />
rom lamis SeuZleblad meCveneboda Salom<br />
koboSvilis naxatebis sulieri<br />
Zirebis rkveva, maTSi wvdoma, an maT gamo<br />
sxvaTa mier ukve TqmulTan SedarebiT<br />
raime gansxvavebulis Tqma, maTi qarTvel<br />
ebraelTa zepirsityvierebis nimuSebTan,<br />
ufro ki _ axalcixelTa folklor-<br />
Tan kavSirSi ganxilvis gareSe. magram<br />
sad iyo is nimuSebi, rom xeli mimwvdomoda?<br />
vicodi, Tavis droze muzeumis<br />
TanamSromlebi savele eqspediciebze, maT<br />
Soris samcxe-javaxeTSic rom iwerdnen<br />
moxuc ebrael xalxur mTqmelTagan Zvel<br />
simRerebs, leqsebs, Tqmulebebs, Sairebsa<br />
Tu Selocvebs. magram, rogorc Cans, ma-<br />
Sin maTi publikacia muzeumis erTad<br />
erT beWdviT gamocemaSi _ `SromebSi~<br />
ver moxerxda, xolo omis damTavrebis<br />
Semdeg oden erTi (mesame) tomiRa gamovida<br />
`Sromebisa~ _ 1945-Si. mere ki,<br />
mZvinvare saxelmwifo antisemitizmis<br />
viTarebaSi vis SeeZlo, an vin gabedavda<br />
sityvis daZvras ebraelTa istoriasa<br />
Tu kulturaze, Tundac _ xalxur Semoqmedebaze.<br />
samwuxarod, ganukiTxaoba da<br />
daviwyebis mtveri aRmoCnda im, vin icis,<br />
ra rudunebiT Segrovil folkloruli<br />
ganZis xvedri. da dRemde gaurkvevelia,<br />
1951-Si, muzeumis likvidirebis dros,<br />
romel arqivsa Tu fondSi moxvda an<br />
STainTqa qarTvel ebraelTa TviTmyofi<br />
kulturis, maTi mxatvruli warmosaxvis<br />
mowme da dasturi zepirsityvierebis<br />
Canawerebi...<br />
TumcaRa, moxda ki ise, Tavis soflis<br />
samduravSi rom uTqvams rusTvels:<br />
`magram RmerTi ar gaswiravs~ Sengan<br />
ganawirsao. gaumxelel imedsa da molodinSi<br />
gamoxda mravali weli, icvleboda<br />
Jamni da vin ifiqrebda, rom aq, amerikaSi<br />
gazeT `daviTis faris~ redaqtori simon<br />
krixeli gamacnobda Tavisi mamis, didi<br />
xnis win gardacvlil filolog aron<br />
krixelis arqivSi axlaxans mignebul xelnawer<br />
naSroms _ `qarTvel ebraelTa<br />
xalxuri Semoqmedeba~, romelSic axalcixelTa<br />
folkloris sagulisxmo nimuSebic<br />
aRmoCnda. da miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom naSroms aSkarad aklia profesionali<br />
folkloristis xeli, CemTvis es<br />
qifuris dRe<br />
mxatvari mordexai janaSvili<br />
13<br />
semk<br />
mainc iyo... ar vici _ ra? _ albaT,<br />
saswauli!.. 2006 wlis zafxuli idga.<br />
is-is iyo TbilisSi, qarvaslis sagamofeno<br />
darbazSi moewyo Salom koboSvilis<br />
dabadebis 130 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavi<br />
misi naxatebis saiubileo vernisaJi da<br />
gamoica feradovani albomi-katalogi<br />
_ gamofenis moTavis, xelovnebaTmcodne<br />
lela wiwuaSvilis winasityvaobiT. am<br />
RirsSesaniSnav movlenas win uswrebda<br />
israelSi rusulenovan gazeTSi (`novosti<br />
nedeli~. 21.07.05) dabeWdili<br />
cnobili radioJurnalistis, mixeil<br />
fiCxaZis werili koboSvilis gamo, sa-<br />
TauriT _ `is firosmani ar aris, igi<br />
sxvaa~. am publikaciasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
umal Tavi gamoido TbilisSi qarTulenovanma<br />
gazeTma `menoram~ (31.05.06) da<br />
misma redaqtorma, dramaturgma guram ba-<br />
TiaSvilma Ria weriliT mimarTa saqarTvelos<br />
erovnuli muzeumis generalur<br />
direqtors, profesor daviT lorTqifaniZes.<br />
gazeTi, faqtobrivad, ebrauli<br />
kulturis qomagis poziciidan Txovda<br />
adresats, mkiTxvelebisaTvis gaecno, Tu<br />
ra mdgomareobaSia amJamad misi uwyebis<br />
fondSi daculi koboSvilis naxatebi.<br />
Temam ganapiroba da, werilis<br />
avtori saTiTaod asaxelebda saqarTvelos<br />
ebraelTa muzeumis yvela yofil<br />
direqtors _ omamdels Tu Semdgomdroindels,<br />
magram ratomRac sul ar<br />
gaxsenebia swored is pirovneba, romlis<br />
direqtorad muSaobis Jamsac gauqmda<br />
despoturi reJimis mier likvidirebuli<br />
qarTvel ebraelTa es ukanaskneli<br />
kulturuli kera; ar uxsenebia ilia<br />
papisimedovi, romelmac pirvelma SeniSna<br />
da amagi dasdo Tanatomeli xalxuri<br />
mxatvris niWis gamovlenas, misi naxelqmnaris<br />
dafasebas da mofrTxilebas. sxvaTa<br />
Soris, manve dawera da 1940 wels,<br />
mxatvris sicocxleSive, gamoaqveyna<br />
muzeumis `SromebSi~ pirveli da dRemde<br />
erTaderTi narkvevi Salom koboSvilis<br />
cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze. Tundac<br />
es naSromi xom mainc unda scodnoda<br />
namdvil gulSematkivars?! da marTalia,<br />
maSin araerTgzis gamxsenebia sulmnaT<br />
akademikos ivane javaxiSvilis ander-<br />
ZiviT Tqmuli: `mterze uaresia uvicoba<br />
da ufro metad _ vaimcodneobao~, magram<br />
_ gamogitydebiT _ Cemze araviTari<br />
zegavlena ar mouxdenia arc `menoras~<br />
TvalSisacem `gulmaviwyobas~ da arc<br />
im xarvezebs, romelTagan dazRveuli,<br />
samwuxarod, sxva publikaciebic ar aRmoCnda.<br />
CemTvis namdvili sixaruli da<br />
STagoneba iyo axalcixel ebraelTa<br />
folkloris is axalmignebuli _ arc-<br />
Tu uxvi, magram uTuod sagulisxmo _<br />
nimuSebi, romelTa wyalobiTac ukve Sei-<br />
Zleboda Salom koboSvilis Semoqmedebis<br />
ramdenadme gansxvavebul aspeqtSi<br />
danaxva da gaazreba.<br />
oTar sefiaSvili<br />
xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe<br />
niu iorki