zemo svaneTis masobrivi dasvenebisa da turizmis ...
zemo svaneTis masobrivi dasvenebisa da turizmis ...
zemo svaneTis masobrivi dasvenebisa da turizmis ...
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Mmanana suxitaSvili<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>turizmis</strong> qalaqgegmarebiTi organizaciis<br />
ZiriTadi principebis gamovlena<br />
wardgenilia doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis<br />
mosapoveblad<br />
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti<br />
Tbilisi, 0175, saqarTvelo<br />
-------------2012 weli<br />
saavtoro ufleba ©2012 “manana suxitaSvili, 2012”<br />
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti<br />
arqiteqturis, urbanistikis <strong>da</strong> dizainis fakulteti
Cven, qvemore xelismomwerni va<strong>da</strong>sturebT, rom gavecaniT manana<br />
suxitaSvilis mier Sesrulebul sadisertacio naSroms<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxelebiT: “<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>turizmis</strong> qalaqTmSeneblobiTi organizaciis ZiriTadi<br />
principebi” <strong>da</strong> vaZlevT rekomen<strong>da</strong>cias saqarvelos teqnikuri<br />
universitetis arqiteqturis, urbanistikis <strong>da</strong> dizainis<br />
fakultetis sadisertacio sabWoSi mis ganxilvas doqtoris<br />
akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad.<br />
TariRi -------------- 2012 weli<br />
xelmZRvaneli: arqiteqturis doqtori<br />
sruli profesori givi beriZe<br />
---------------------------------------------------<br />
recenzenti: arqiteqturis doqtori<br />
konstantine amirejibi<br />
----------------------------------------------------<br />
recenzenti: arqiteqturis doqtori<br />
nino xabeiSvili<br />
----------------------------------------------------<br />
ii
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti<br />
------------------ 2012 weli<br />
avtori: manana suxitaSvili<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxeleba: <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong><br />
qalaqgegmarebiTi organizaciis ZiriTadi principebis gamovlena<br />
fakulteti: arqiteqturis, urbanistikis <strong>da</strong> dizainis<br />
fakulteti akademiuri xarisxi: doqtori<br />
sxdoma Catar<strong>da</strong>: --------------------2012 weli<br />
individualuri pirovnebebis an institutebis mier <strong>zemo</strong>moyvanili<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxelebis disertaciis gacnobis mizniT moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi<br />
misi arakomerciuli miznebiT kopirebisa <strong>da</strong> gavrcelebis ufleba<br />
miniWebuli aqvs saqarTvelos teqnikur universitets.<br />
avtoris xelmowera<br />
avtori inarCunebs <strong>da</strong>narCen sagamomcemlo uflebebs <strong>da</strong> arc<br />
mTliani naSromis <strong>da</strong> arc misi calkeuli komponentebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>beWdva an sxva raime meTodiT reproduqcia <strong>da</strong>uSvebelia<br />
avtoris werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.<br />
avtori irwmuneba, rom naSromSi gamoyenebuli saavtoro<br />
uflebebiT <strong>da</strong>culi masalebze miRebulia Sesabamisi nebarTva<br />
(gar<strong>da</strong> im mcire zomis citatebisa, romlebic moiTxoven mxolod<br />
specifiur mimarTebas literaturis citirebaSi, rogorc es<br />
miRebulia samecniero naSromebis Sesrulebisas) <strong>da</strong> yvela<br />
maTganze iRebs pasuxismgeblobas.<br />
iii
რეზიუმე<br />
saqarTveloSi samTo pirobebSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis kuTxiT bolo xanebSi seriozuli nabiJebi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>idga tradiciulad viTardeba bakuriani, Tbilisma<br />
satelituri ganviTarebis kuTxiT mniSvnelovani biujeturi<br />
investiciebi Cado gu<strong>da</strong>uris infrastruqturaSi; viTardeba<br />
aWarisa <strong>da</strong> guriis samTo kurortebi. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi samTo-saTxilamuro industriisaken <strong>da</strong> zoga<strong>da</strong>d<br />
sakurorto-rekreaciuli potencialis aTvisebisaken mimarTuli<br />
qmedebebi, romelic anakliis zRvispira kurortis<br />
ganviTarebasTan erTobliobaSi saqarTvelos turistulsakurorto<br />
industriis aRdgenisa <strong>da</strong> misi Semdgomi,<br />
xarisxobrivad axal donaze ganviTarebis orientirad un<strong>da</strong><br />
miviCnioT. Tumca, isec saTqmelia, rom sul raRac sami wlis win<br />
sadisertacio naSromSi <strong>da</strong>saxuli miznebis ganxorcielebisTvis,<br />
romelic dRes ukve garkveul realobebs asaxaven, bevrad ufro<br />
meti dro iyo gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />
M magram aRsaniSnavia isec, rom miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad ukanasknel xans<br />
saqarTvelos turistul-sakurorto industriis ganviTarebis<br />
Temis aqtualizaciisa, teritoriuli erteulebis miznebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi interesebis kompleqsuri<br />
gaTvaliswinebis, SeTanawyobis <strong>da</strong> harmonizaciis dros xSir<br />
SemTxvevaSi problemaTa mogvareba fragmentul, seqtoruli<br />
xedvebis Sedegebs warmoadgens <strong>da</strong> konkretuli <strong>da</strong>rgobrivi<br />
interesebis mimarTulebiT viTardeba. rogorc Sedegi, am kuTxiT<br />
kvlav problemad rCeba calkeuli teritoriebis sivrciTgegmarebiTi<br />
mowyobis sqemis <strong>da</strong>muSaveba.<br />
meores mxriv, saqarTvelos socialuri <strong>da</strong> ekonomikuri<br />
ganviTarebis mimdinare etapi cxadyofs, rom <strong>masobrivi</strong><br />
<strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> samTo kurortebis formirebisaTvis,<br />
srulfasovani regionuli strategiis doneze regionebis<br />
ganviTarebis doneebs Soris disproporciebis Sesustebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
koreqtirebisaken mimarTuli qmedebebisaTvis qveyanaSi situacia<br />
momwifebulia.<br />
Eevropuli gamocdilebisa <strong>da</strong> moTxovnebis gaziareba<br />
saqarTvelos turistul-sakurorto samTo industriis<br />
ganviTarebis gzaze EerT-erTi umniSvnelovanes <strong>da</strong>sayrdens<br />
warmoadgens <strong>da</strong> ukavSirdeba evrokavSiris regionuli politikis<br />
ZiriTad mizans _ <strong>da</strong>uWiron mxari evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis<br />
naklebganviTarebuli regionebis ganviTarebasa <strong>da</strong> cxovrebis<br />
doneTa gamoTanabrebas,.<br />
am mimarTulebiT ganviTarebis erT-erT TvalnaTliv nimuSad<br />
miCneulia <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong><br />
arsebuli potencialis Seswavla <strong>da</strong> gamoyeneba.<br />
naSromis ZiriTadi mizni<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare disertaciaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxuli <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetili iqna Semdegi amocanebi:<br />
_ Seswavlil <strong>da</strong> gaanalizebnul iqna <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi<br />
<strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebisTvis Sesabamisi<br />
iv
pirobebi, aseve am mimarTulebiT mimdinare globaluri<br />
tendenciebi <strong>da</strong> mosalodneli cvlilebebi;<br />
_ gaanalizebuli iqna <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi <strong>masobrivi</strong><br />
<strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis uzrunvelmyof faqtorTa<br />
sistema; ganisazRvra <strong>da</strong>rgis ganviTarebis <strong>da</strong> masze moqmedi<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva gare faqtorebis urTierTkavSiri;<br />
_ ganisazRvra <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi sakurorto-turistuli <strong>da</strong><br />
rekreaciuli qalaqgegmarebiTi kompleqsebis ganTavsebis<br />
problemebi, am mimarTulebiT gaanaliz<strong>da</strong> ucxouri gamocdileba<br />
<strong>da</strong> uaxloesi tendenciebi;<br />
_ <strong>da</strong>igegma <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi sakurorto-turistuli <strong>da</strong><br />
rekreaciuli qalaqgegmarebiTi kompleqsi <strong>da</strong> gamovlin<strong>da</strong> maTi<br />
ganTavsebis Tavioseburebebi;<br />
_ ganisazRvra <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>turizmis</strong> qalaqTmSeneblobiTi organizaciis specifiuri<br />
kanonzomierebebi;<br />
_ SemuSav<strong>da</strong> gegmarebiT struqturis formirebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
funqciuri zonirebis ZiriTadi principebi.<br />
disertaciaSi Camoyalibebuli xangrZlivvadiani mdgradi<br />
ganviTarebis qalaqgegmarebiTi rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis safuZvelze<br />
SesaZlebelia optimalurad iqnas gamoyenebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>culi <strong>zemo</strong><br />
<strong>svaneTis</strong> arsebuli potenciali, gaumjobesdes regionis saerTo<br />
ekonomikuri mdgomareoba <strong>da</strong> mkveTrad amaRldes mosaxleobis<br />
cxovrebis done.<br />
v
Summary<br />
Last time it has been undrtaken serious steps towards development of massive<br />
recreation and mountain tourism in Georgia. Bakuriani is traditionally under<br />
development.Tbilisi has put significant budget investments into Gu<strong>da</strong>uri’s infrastructure<br />
towards satellite development; mountainous resorts of Adjara and Guria are under<br />
development as well. The actions for improving the mountainous-skiing industry in the<br />
Upper Svaneti, as well as towards mastering the resort-recreational potential in general,<br />
which along with the development of the seaside resort of Anaklia should be considered as<br />
the reference point for restoration of the touristic-resort industry and its further development<br />
on a new quality level, are of great importance. Although, we have to also note that just three<br />
years ago, for realization of the aims stated in the dissertation thesis, which seem quite real<br />
already for to<strong>da</strong>y, it was considered much more time.<br />
However, it is noteworthy as well that despite the actualization of the theme of<br />
development of the Georgian touristic-resort industry in the last period, during complexive<br />
consideration, coordination, and harmonization of the aims of the territorial units and of the<br />
common state interests, solving of the problems are often results of the fragmental, sectoral<br />
views, and develop towards the interests of the concrete spheres. As an outcome, it still<br />
remains as a problem the elaboration of the volume-planning arrangement scheme for some<br />
territories.<br />
On the other hands, the current stage of the social and economic development of<br />
Georgia reveals that for forming the massive recreation and touristic mountainous resorts,<br />
the situation is fruitful in the country for weakening and correcting disproportions among the<br />
development levels of the regions on the level of the valuable regional strategy.<br />
Sharing of the European experience and requirements is one of the most important<br />
foun<strong>da</strong>tions for the development of the touristic-resort mountainous industry, and is<br />
connected with the main aim of the EU regional policy - to support development and<br />
equalization of the levels of life of the EU countries’ developing regions.<br />
Towards this direction, one of the apparent samples of the development is learning and<br />
using the existing potential of the Upper Svaneti’s massive recreation and tourism.<br />
According to the main goal of the work, it has been stated and solved the following<br />
objectives in the dissertation thesis:<br />
• It was learnt and analyzed the correspondent conditions for the development of the massive<br />
recreation and tourism in the Upper Svaneti, as well as the global trends and expected<br />
changes towards this direction;<br />
• It was analyzed the system of factors for providing development of massive recreation and<br />
tourism in the Upper Svaneti; was defined the intercommunication between the evolution<br />
of the sphere and the different outside factors that influence on it;<br />
• It was determined the problems of placement of the resort-touristic and recreational urbanplanning<br />
complexes in the Upper Svaneti, and was analyzed the foreign experience and the<br />
closest trends towards this direction;<br />
• It was planned the resort-touristic and recreational urban-planning complex, and were<br />
revealed the pecularities of their placement;<br />
• It was defined the specific regulatories of the massive recreation and touristic urbanplanning<br />
organization in the Upper Svaneti;<br />
• It was elaborated the main principles of the formation and functional zoning of the<br />
planning structure.<br />
According to the long-term sustainable development urban-planning recommen<strong>da</strong>tions<br />
worked out in the dissertation thesis, it is possible to optimally use and preserve the existing<br />
potential of the Upper Svaneti, as well as improve the general economic situation of the<br />
region, and sharply increase the level of life of the population there.<br />
vi
S i n a a r s i<br />
Sesavali --------------------9<br />
wyaroebis mimoxilva ------------------ 15<br />
Tavi I. <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis winapirobebi ----------------- 28<br />
1.1 bunebriv_klimaturi pirobebi ------------------- 33<br />
1.1.1 landSafturi mravalferovneba ------------------- 34<br />
1.1.2 topografia <strong>da</strong> Hhidrografia ------------------- 36<br />
1.1.3 geologia <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Hhidrologia ------------------- 37<br />
1.1.4 bunebrivi riskebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>binZureba ---------- 38<br />
1.2 kulturul-istoriuli potenciali ------------------- 42<br />
1.3. socialur-ekonomikuri winapirobebi; ------------------- 46<br />
1.4. demografiuli mdgomareoba <strong>da</strong> gansaxlebis sistema-------------- 50<br />
1.5. sakanonmdeblo-normatiuli baza ------------------- 51<br />
1.6. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> SWOT _ analizi ------------------ 55<br />
Tavi II <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong><br />
qalaqgegmarebiTi organizacia mTiani regionebSi. ------ 58<br />
2.1. mTiani regionebSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis ZiriTadi tendenciebi --------------60<br />
2.1.1. bunebriv_klimaturi pirobebis Taviseburebebi<br />
samTo-saTxilamuro <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebaSi. ---------- 62<br />
2.1.2. samTo_saTxilamuro trasebis Taviseburebebi. ------------ 64<br />
2.2 samTo-rekreaciuli kompleqsebis qalaqgegmarebiTi<br />
proeqtirebis ZiriTadi meTodebis analizi <strong>da</strong> Sefaseba -----66<br />
2.3 samTo rekreaciuli kompleqsebis sivrciT-teritoriuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmva saqarTveloSi ----------86<br />
Tavi III samTo-rekreaciuli kompleqsebis<br />
qalaqgegmarebiTi organizacia <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi ---- 97<br />
3.1. rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi KqalaqgegmarebiTi garemos<br />
kompleqsuri reorganizaciisaTvis ----------------- 98<br />
3.1.1. samTo-rekriaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeulis<br />
gamovlena <strong>da</strong> sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgena. ---------------- 98<br />
3.1.2. rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong>tvirTva ----------------103<br />
3.2. samTo-rekreaciuli kompleqsis ganviTarebis<br />
uzrunvelmyofi sakomunikacio sistemebi -----------------112<br />
3.3. masiuri <strong>da</strong>svenebis samTo-rekriaciuli raionebis<br />
funqciur-teritoriულi ზონირება ---------------124<br />
Semajamebeli <strong>da</strong>skvnebi <strong>da</strong> rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi -----------------135<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTebi:<br />
1. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>da</strong> mimdebare teritoriebis<br />
2 <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>da</strong> misi Semogarenis<br />
disertaciaSi gamoyenebuli abreviaturebi ------------141<br />
gamoyenebuli wyaroebi --------------142<br />
grafikebis nusxa<br />
naxazebis nusxa<br />
vii
naSromi eZRvneba Cems mamas – vili suxitaSvils.<br />
m a d l i e r e b a<br />
madliereba min<strong>da</strong> gamovxato Cemi disertaciis samecniero<br />
xelmZRvanelis, arqiteqturis mecnierebaTa doqtoris, sruli<br />
profesoris givi beriZes mimarT.<br />
aseve madlobas vuxdi, saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis<br />
arqiteqturis, urbanistikisa <strong>da</strong> dizainis fakultetis profesor-<br />
maswavleblebs, romlebisganac saocar keTilganwyobas, Cem<strong>da</strong>mi<br />
mudmiv mxar<strong>da</strong>Werisa <strong>da</strong> ndobas vgrZnoibdi doqtoranturaSi<br />
swavlis periodSi<br />
viii
SesavaliD<br />
disertaciis kvlevis sagans warmoadgens <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi<br />
<strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong>da</strong>svenebis <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> qalaqTmSeneblobiTi<br />
organizaciis ZiriTadi principebis SemuSaveba.<br />
problemis aqtualoba: Cveni qveynis ganviTarebasa <strong>da</strong> ekononikis<br />
gaZlierebaSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebas<br />
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba gaaCnia. saqarTveloSi dRes<br />
UgamoikveTa mosaxleobis <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong><br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mimarTulebebis aRorZinebis tendenciebi. axal<br />
socialur-ekonomiur pirobebSi saqarTvelos ekonomiuri<br />
warmatebebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan Semadgenel nawils am <strong>da</strong>rgis<br />
ganviTareba warmoadgens, sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>turizmis</strong> sferos is Tvisebaa<br />
mniSvnelovani, rom igi sxva momijnave <strong>da</strong>rgebsac aviTarebs.<br />
<strong>da</strong>sveneba, masTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sakurorto mkurnaloba <strong>da</strong><br />
aqtiuri turizmi saWiroa ganvixiloT, rogorc mosaxleobis<br />
cxovrebisa <strong>da</strong> aqtivobis erT-erTi gansxvavebuli <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />
sfero, romelic gansxvavdeba Cveuli Sromisa <strong>da</strong> yofisagan.<br />
D<strong>da</strong>sveneba es iseTi socialuri movlenaa, romelic yvela a<strong>da</strong>mians<br />
aZlevs saSualebas gaataros Tavisufali dro Tavisi<br />
individualuri moTxovnilebebis Sesabamisad. <strong>da</strong>svenabisaTvis<br />
Seqmnili garemo ar un<strong>da</strong> ganvixiloT, a<strong>da</strong>mianis materialur<br />
sacxovrebel garemosagan gancalkevebulad. amisaTvis un<strong>da</strong> moxdes<br />
arqiteqturis, samecniero <strong>da</strong> SemqmedebiT sferoebTan integracia.<br />
<strong>da</strong>sasvenebeli garemos kompleqsuri problemebi un<strong>da</strong> iyos<br />
saxelmwifo politikis sagani. <strong>da</strong>sasvenebeli garemo un<strong>da</strong><br />
ganixilebodes rogorc, sxva materialur sacxovrebel sferoebTan<br />
mWidro urTierTkavSirSi myofi erTi dinamiuri sistema.<br />
saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens <strong>masobrivi</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>sveneba <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTareba samTo pirobebSi. rac erTis<br />
mxriv mTiani regionebis susti socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis<br />
9
gaZlierebis aucileblobaSi, xolo meores mxriv qveynis<br />
sakeTildReod mTiani regionebis rekreaculi resursiT mdi<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
potencialis saTanado simZlavriT gamoyenebaSi gamoixateba am<br />
mimarTebiT bolo xanebSi seriozuli nabijebi ga<strong>da</strong>idga:<br />
tradiciulad viTardeba bakuriani, Tbilisma satelituri<br />
ganviTarebis kuTxiT mniSvnelovani biujeturi investiciebi Cado<br />
gu<strong>da</strong>uris infrastruqturaSi; viTardeba aWarisa <strong>da</strong> guriis samTo<br />
kurortebi. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi samTo-<br />
saTxilamuro industriisaken <strong>da</strong> zoga<strong>da</strong>d sakurorto-rekreaciuli<br />
potencialis aTvisebisaken mimarTuli qmedebebi, romelic anakliis<br />
zRvispira kurortis ganviTarebasTan erTobliobaSi saqarTvelos<br />
turistul-sakurorto industriis aRdgenisa <strong>da</strong> misi Semdgomi,<br />
xarisxobrivad axal donaze ganviTarebis orientirad un<strong>da</strong><br />
miviCnioT. Tumca, isec saTqmelia, rom sul raRac sami wlis win<br />
sadisertacio naSromSi <strong>da</strong>saxuli miznebis ganxorcielebisTvis,<br />
romelic dRes ukve garkveul realobebs asaxaven, bevrad ufro<br />
oreuli momavali iyo gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />
amasTan, miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad ukanasknel xans saqarTvelos turistul-<br />
sakurorto industriis ganviTarebis aqtualizaciisa, SesamCnevi<br />
xdeba, rom teritoriuli erTeulebis miznebisa <strong>da</strong> saerTo<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi interesebis kompleqsuri gaTvaliswinebis,<br />
SeTanawyobis <strong>da</strong> harmonizaciis dros xSir SemTxvevaSi problemaTa<br />
mogvareba fragmentul, seqtoruli xedvebis Sedegebs warmoadgens<br />
<strong>da</strong> viTardeba konkretuli <strong>da</strong>rgobrivi interesebis mimarTulebiT.<br />
rogorc Sedegi, am kuTxiT kvlav problemad rCeba calkeul<br />
teritoriebisaTvis sivrciT-gegmarebiTi mowyobis sqemis <strong>da</strong>muSaveba.<br />
meores mxriv, saqarTvelos socialuri <strong>da</strong> ekonomikuri<br />
ganviTarebis mimdinare etapi cxadyofs, rom <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> samTo kurortebis formirebisaTvis, srulfasovani<br />
regionuli strategiis doneze regionebs ganviTarebis doneebs<br />
10
Soris disproporciebis Sesustebisa <strong>da</strong> koreqtirebisaken mimarTuli<br />
qmedebebisaTvis qveyanaSi situacia momwifebulia.<br />
yvela es problema <strong>da</strong> resursi gansakuTrebiT TvalnaTliv<br />
SeiZleba warmoCenil iqnas <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> magaliTze <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad,<br />
aRniSnuli regionisaTvis aqtualurad un<strong>da</strong> miviCnioT <strong>masobrivi</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>svenebis <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis qalaqTmSeneblobiTi<br />
organizaciis ZiriTadi principebis ganxilva <strong>da</strong> SemuSaveba.<br />
„<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTi”, erTis mxriv mTisa <strong>da</strong> baris tandemis<br />
ekonomikuri erTianobisa <strong>da</strong> urTierT<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis gamo, Tumca<br />
warmoadgens “samegrelo_<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong>” samxareo teritoriis<br />
ganuyofel nawils, meores mxriv, Tavis gamorCeulad specifiur _<br />
geografiul, bunebriv-klimatur <strong>da</strong> eTnokulturul pirobebis gamo,<br />
realurad moiTxovs ”samxareo <strong>da</strong>gegmarebis proeqti<strong>da</strong>n” mis calke<br />
gamoyofasa <strong>da</strong> “<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> (raionis) sivrciT-teritoriuli<br />
ganviTarebis gegmis” doneze Seswavlasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>muSavebas. ris<br />
Sedega<strong>da</strong>c, qalaqTmSeneblobiT organizaciaze moqmedi faqtorebis<br />
analiziTa <strong>da</strong> xangrZlivvadiani mdgradi ganviTarebis<br />
qalaqgegmarebiTi rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis SemuSavebiT SesaZlebeli iqneba,<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> arsebuli potencialis optimaluri <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong><br />
gamoyeneba, saerTo ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba <strong>da</strong><br />
mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis mkveTri amaRleba.<br />
sadisertacio naSromis mizani <strong>da</strong> amocanebi: kvlevis mizania<br />
`sivrciTi mowyobisa <strong>da</strong> qalaqTmSeneblobis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb~<br />
(2005) saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT <strong>da</strong> “<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> sivrciT-<br />
teritoriuli ganviTarebis gegmis” doneze, samTo pirobebis<br />
Sesabamisi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> qalaqTmSeneblobiTi<br />
organizaciis specifiuri kanonzomierebebis gamovlena <strong>da</strong><br />
gegmarebiT struqturis formirebisa <strong>da</strong> funqciuri zonirebis<br />
ZiriTadi principebis SemuSaveba.<br />
sadisertacio naSromis ZiriTadi mizni<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxuli <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetili iqna Semdegi amocanebi:<br />
11
_ Seswavlil <strong>da</strong> gaanalizebnul iqna <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi <strong>masobrivi</strong><br />
<strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebisTvis Sesabamisi pirobebi, aseve<br />
am mimarTulebiT mimdinare mosalodneli cvlilebebi <strong>da</strong> zogadi<br />
tendenciebi;<br />
_ gaanalizebuli iqna <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis uzrunvelmyof faqtorTa sistema;<br />
ganisazRvra <strong>da</strong>rgis ganviTarebis <strong>da</strong> masze moqmedi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
gare faqtorebis urTierTkavSiri;<br />
_ ganisazRvra <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi sakurorto-turistuli <strong>da</strong><br />
rekreaciuli qalaqgegmarebiTi kompleqsebis ganTavsebis<br />
problemebi, am mimarTulebiT gaanaliz<strong>da</strong> ucxouri gamocdileba <strong>da</strong><br />
uaxloesi tendenciebi;<br />
_ <strong>da</strong>igegma <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi sakurorto-turistuli <strong>da</strong><br />
rekreaciuli qalaqgegmarebiTi kompleqsi <strong>da</strong> gamovlin<strong>da</strong> maTi<br />
ganTavsebis Tavioseburebebi;<br />
_ ganisazRvra <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>turizmis</strong> qalaqTmSeneblobiTi organizaciis ZiriTadi principebi;<br />
sadisertacio kvlevis Teoriul-meTodologiuri safuZvlebi:<br />
gamoyenebul iqna saqarTvelos konstitucia; saqarTvelos<br />
samoqalaqo kodeqsi; saqarTvelos kanonebi `sivrciTi mowyobisa <strong>da</strong><br />
qalaqTmSeneblobis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb~; `maRalmTiani regionebis<br />
socialur-ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> kulturuli ganviTarebis Sesaxeb~<br />
;`<strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~; `<strong>turizmis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> kurortis<br />
Sesaxeb~; `kurortebisa <strong>da</strong> sakurorto adgilebis sanitaruli <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
zonebis Sesaxeb~; prezidentis brZanebulebiT <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli<br />
`saqarTvelos kurortebisa <strong>da</strong> sakurorto adgilebis nusxa~.<br />
saqarTvelos mTavrobis <strong>da</strong>dgenilebiT <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli saqarTvelos<br />
regionuli ganviTarebis 2010_2017 ww. saxelmwifo strategia~.<br />
naSromi eyrdnoba samecniero codnis iseT sabaziso<br />
meTodebs, rogoricaa: sistemur-funqciuri analizi, istoriuli,<br />
12
statistikuri, <strong>da</strong> sxva. agreTve sociologiur kvlevas,<br />
kompiuterul- grafikul analizs <strong>da</strong> GIS sistemebs.<br />
naSromSi gamoyenebul iqna agreTve kompleqsuri analizi,<br />
romelic iTvaliswinebs istoriul, statistikur <strong>da</strong> kartografiul<br />
masalebis Segroveba-Seswavlas; adgilobrivi <strong>da</strong> ucxouri avtorebis<br />
samecniero-saproeqto <strong>da</strong> naturaSi ganxorcielebuli obieqtebis<br />
gacnobas; sociologiuri gamokvlevebis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebas,<br />
saqarTvelos bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebis Seswavlas <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />
calkeuli faqtorebis gamovlenas, romlebic gavlenas axdenen<br />
qalaqTmSeneblobiTi amocanebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetebze. disertaciaSi<br />
gamoyenebulia <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong>admi <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli sivrciT-<br />
teritoriuli organizaciis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani<br />
struqturirebuli modelebi <strong>da</strong> Teoriuli mosazrebebi;<br />
kvlevis obieqts warmoadgens erTiani qalaqgegmarebiTi<br />
warmonaqmni _ samTo-rekriaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeuli, misi<br />
sivrciT-gegmarebiTi organizacia <strong>da</strong> optimaluri rekreaciuli<br />
tevadoba.<br />
sadisertacio naSromis mecnieruli siaxle mdgomareobs imaSi<br />
rom sakurorto-turistuli <strong>da</strong> rekreaciuli qalaqgegmarebiTi<br />
sistemebi ganixileba ara zoga<strong>da</strong>d, aramed konkretuli, kerZod<br />
<strong>svaneTis</strong> bunebriv-klimaturi <strong>da</strong> socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, rac mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdenen sistemis<br />
qalaqTmSeneblobiT ganviTarebaze. DSemuSavebulia meToduri<br />
safuZvlebi teritoriis funqciuri zonirebisaTvis <strong>da</strong> tevadobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>saangariSeblad, gamovlenilia samTo-rekriaciuli gegmarebiTi<br />
erTeulis Camoyalibebis, gegmarebiTi sazRvrebis gamovlenisa <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>dgenis ZiriTad faqtorebi.<br />
naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba gamoixateba Catarebuli<br />
samecniero-kvleviTi Sedegebis (rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis, meToduri<br />
miTiTebebisa <strong>da</strong> axali normatiuli maCveneblebis) <strong>da</strong>nergviT<br />
racionalur teritoriul aTvirsebis, bunebis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> garemos<br />
13
გაუმჯობესების უზრუნველყოფაში. შედეგად _ ოპტიმალური საპროექტო-<br />
დაგეგმარებითი სამუშაოებis Sedegad racionalurad ga<strong>da</strong>nawildeba<br />
samSeneblo, rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong> sasaoflo-sameurneo teritoriebi,<br />
gaizrdeba mSeneblobis rentabeloba <strong>da</strong> SesamCnevad gaumjobesdeba<br />
mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebi, rac arqiteqturisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> qalaqTmSeneblobis mTavar princips warmoadgens.<br />
kvlevis Sedegebis aprobacia: naSromSi gamoyenebuli<br />
gamokvlevebis ZiriTadi Sedegebi gamoqveynebulia Semdegi<br />
samecniero Sromebis saxiT:<br />
1. qalaqis garemos aRqmis zogadi <strong>da</strong>xasiaTeba. samecniero<br />
akreditaciis mqone Jurnali “sazrisi” #21 Tbilisi – 2006w.<br />
2. a<strong>da</strong>miani <strong>da</strong> garemo.. samecniero akreditaciis mqone Jurnali<br />
“sazrisi” #21 Tbilisi – 2006w.<br />
3. “<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong><br />
qalaqgegmarebiTi organizaciis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi.‟‟ teqnikuri<br />
universiteti#76 samecniero-teqnikuri konferencia(arqiteqturis,<br />
urbanizaciisa <strong>da</strong> dizainis instituti) _ 2008 w<br />
4. “<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong><br />
qalaqgegmarebiTi organizaciis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi.‟‟;<br />
mecnierebaTa akademiis akreditrebuli Jurnali “mecniereba <strong>da</strong><br />
teqnologiebi” #7-9; _ 2008 w.<br />
5. “seismuri riskisa <strong>da</strong>sxva stiqiur movlenaTa gaTvaliswineba <strong>zemo</strong><br />
<strong>svaneTis</strong> raionis urbanuli <strong>da</strong>gegmarebisas.‟‟ teqnikuri<br />
universiteti#77 samecniero-teqnikuri konferencia(arqiteqturis,<br />
urbanizaciisa <strong>da</strong> dizainis instituti) _ 2009 w<br />
6. “a<strong>da</strong>miani <strong>da</strong> garemo” iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis sax.<br />
universitetis amerikis Seswavlis institutis<br />
amerikadmcodneobis XI yovelwliur saerTaSoriso komferencia<br />
“amerika <strong>da</strong> amerikis Rirebulebebi” _ 2010w.<br />
14
7. .“<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong><br />
uzrunvelyofis sakomunikacio sistemebi”.; stu, “ganaTleba”; #2;<br />
2012w; Tbilisi;<br />
8. “seismuri riskisa <strong>da</strong>sxva stiqiur movlenaTa gaTvaliswineba <strong>zemo</strong><br />
<strong>svaneTis</strong> raionis urbanuli <strong>da</strong>gegmarebisas.; stu, “ganaTleba”; #2;<br />
2012w; Tbilisi;<br />
wyaroebis mimoxilva<br />
naSromi efuZneba literaturul wyaroebs, aseve<br />
internetiT <strong>da</strong> uSualod kvlevis teritoriaze moZiebul masalebs.<br />
un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom qarTul ekonomikur <strong>da</strong> specializebul<br />
(turizmi, mTiani regionebi) literaturaSi sakmaod<br />
xelSesaxebia masala, romelic kompleqsurad warmoadgens<br />
saqarTvelos mTianeTs – problemebiT <strong>da</strong> maTi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis<br />
SesaZleblobebiT. un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa<br />
akademiis mTiani regionebis Seswavlis kompleqsuri komisiis<br />
(ukanasknel dromde regularulad tardebo<strong>da</strong> konferenciebi),<br />
akademiis sistemis profiluri institutebis saqmianoba, rigi<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis (kavkasiis mTianeTis mdgradi<br />
ganviTarebis centri, saqarTvelos urbanistTa asociacia,<br />
saqarTvelos mTis federacia, moZraoba saqarTvelos mdgradi<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis <strong>da</strong> sxva) grantirebuli miznobriv-Tematuri<br />
kvlevebi, saerTaSoriso organizaciebi (USAID-i, GTZ-i, NDI-i,<br />
IFAD-i, CARE, SDC, Mersi Cory, horizonti, Ria sazogadoeba-<br />
saqarTvelo, evrazia <strong>da</strong> sxva), romlebic wlebis ganmavlobaSi<br />
axorcielebdnen mTian regionebSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis saqmianobas.<br />
kurortebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> obieqtebis <strong>da</strong>proeqtebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
mSeneblobis sferoSi aqtiurad moRvaweobdnen ufrosi Taobis<br />
warmomadgenlebi, arqiteqtorebi: s. ficxelauri. v. faferaSvili, i.<br />
zaaliSvili, i. Cxenkeli, v. kedia, g. leJava, l. sumbaZe, k.<br />
javaxiSvili, ekonomistebi S. arCvaZe, l. lorTqifaniZe <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
15
Semdgomi Taobi<strong>da</strong>n arqiteqtorebi: e. bagrationi, g. ToTibaZe,<br />
T. kandelaki, b. gabunia, k. focxiSvili, m. Cxenkeli, d. axvlediani, a.<br />
jafariZe, l. lorTqifaniZe, v. orbelaZe, g. gegelia <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
kurortebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> organizaciis <strong>da</strong><br />
qalaqTmSeneblobiTi ganviTarebis mecnierul kvlevebs <strong>da</strong> saproeqto<br />
samuSaoebs warmatebiT asruleben arqiteqturis doqtorebi: g.<br />
beriZe, k. amirejibi, g. saluqvaZe, g. SaiSmelaSvili, v. vardosaniZe,<br />
b. maminaiSvili, n. SaviSvili, T. CiCua, g. yifiani, j. malaRuraZe, z.<br />
kiknaZe, e. TevzaZe, m. milaSvili, g. miqiaSvili, T. maxaraSvili, n.<br />
TevzaZe, T. naTiZe, v. <strong>da</strong>viTaia.<br />
gansakuTrebulad aRniSvnis Rirsia geosainformacio<br />
sakonsultacio centri “geografikis” mier Sesrulebuli<br />
samuSaoebi: qalaqgegmarebiTi proeqti _ “<strong>da</strong>ba bakurianis mimdebare<br />
teritoriis miwaTsargeblobis generaluri gegma” (2008w); “axali<br />
gu<strong>da</strong>uris” ganaSenianebis regulirebis gegma (2008w); “mestiis<br />
muniocipalitetis miwaTsargeblobis generaluri gegmis xedva”<br />
(2010w).<br />
sadisertacio naSromis momzadebisas gamoyenebuli iqna<br />
Semdegi samarTleblivi dokumentacia: saqarTvelos konstitucia<br />
(1995); saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi (1997); saqarTvelos kanoni<br />
`sivrciTi mowyobisa <strong>da</strong> qalaqTmSeneblobis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb~<br />
(2005); saqarTvelos kanoni “garemos <strong>da</strong>cvis saxelmwifo kontrolis<br />
Sesaxeb” (2005); saqarTvelos kanoni `maRalmTiani regionebis<br />
kulturuli <strong>da</strong> socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis Sesaxeb~ (1999);<br />
saqarTvelos kanoni `<strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~ (1996);<br />
saqarTvelos kanoni `<strong>turizmis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> kurortis Sesaxeb~ (1997);<br />
saqarTvelos kanoni `kurortebisa <strong>da</strong> sakurorto adgilebis<br />
sanitaruli <strong>da</strong>cvis zonebis Sesaxeb~ (1998); saqarTvelos<br />
prezidentis 2005 wlis 22 ivlisis # 655 brZanebulebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli `saqarTvelos kurortebisa <strong>da</strong> sakurorto adgilebis<br />
nusxa~; saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2010 wlis 25 ivnisis # 172<br />
16
<strong>da</strong>dgenilebiT <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli `saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis<br />
2010_2017 ww. saxelmwifo strategia”. saqarTvelos garemos <strong>da</strong>cvisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> bunebrivi resursebis ministris 2006 wlis 5 ivlisis # 538<br />
brZanebiT <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli “garemosaTvis miyenebuli zianis<br />
gaangariSebis meTodika”.<br />
D disertaciis struqtura <strong>da</strong> moculoba: naSromi Sedgeba<br />
Sesavlis, sami Tavis _ <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis winapirobebi; <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>turizmis</strong> qalaqgegmarebiTi organizacia mTiani regionebSi; samTo-<br />
rekreaciuli kompleqsebis qalaqgegmarebiTi organizacia <strong>zemo</strong><br />
svaneTSi; <strong>da</strong>skvnebisa <strong>da</strong> rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis, literaturis<br />
CamonaTvalisagan. disertaciis ZiriTadi teqsti Sedgeba 148<br />
gverdisagan 52 suraTis, 7 sqemisa <strong>da</strong> 4 cxrilisagan. bibliografiis<br />
siaSi warmodgegnilia 75 wyaro (maTgan 33 ucxouri). disertacias<br />
Tan axlavs <strong>da</strong>narTi.<br />
naSromis pirvel TavSi ganxilulia <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi <strong>masobrivi</strong><br />
<strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis winapirobebi: maT Soris<br />
bunebriv_klimaturi pirobebi<strong>da</strong>n cal-calke qveTavebad aris<br />
warmodgenili: landSaftur mravalferovneba, topografiuli,<br />
hidrografiuli, geologiuri, Hhidrologiuri Taviseburebebi,<br />
bunebrivi riskebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>binZureba. agreTve: kulturul-istoriuli<br />
potenciali; socialur-ekonomikuri winapirobebi; demografiuli<br />
mdgomareoba <strong>da</strong> gansaxlebis sistema; sakanonmdeblo-normatiuli<br />
baza; winapirobebis safuZvelze Catarebulia <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong><br />
SWOT_analizi.<br />
sadisertacio naSromisMmeore TavSi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>dD saerTaSoriso<br />
praqtikaze <strong>da</strong>yrdnobiT Seswavlilia samTo rekreaciuli kompleqsebi,<br />
maT safuZvelze warmodgenilia <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong><br />
qalaqgegmarebiTi organizacia mTiani regionebSi <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis<br />
ZiriTadi tendenciebi; samTo-saTxilamuro <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebaSi<br />
17
unebriv_klimaturi pirobebis Taviseburebebi; samTo_saTxilamuro<br />
trasebis Taviseburebebi. samTo-rekreaciuli kompleqsebis<br />
qalaqgegmarebiTi proeqtirebis ZiriTadi meTodebis analizi,<br />
Sefaseba <strong>da</strong> sivrciT-teritoriuli <strong>da</strong>gegmva; calke paragrafi<br />
aqvs miZRvnili samTo rekreaciuli kompleqsebis sivrciT-<br />
teritoriuli <strong>da</strong>gegmvis praqtikas saqarTvelos pirobebSi.<br />
naSromis mesame TavSi gamovlenilia <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgenilia<br />
samTo-rekriaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeulis sazRvrebi; ganxilulia<br />
samTo-rekreaciul kompleqsis ganviTarebis uzrunvelmyofi<br />
sakomunikacio sistemebi; <strong>da</strong>dgenilia rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis<br />
SesaZleblobebi; samTo-rekriaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeulebisaTvis<br />
O<strong>da</strong>dgenilia optimaluri rekreaciuli tevadoba, SemuSavebuliaL<br />
landSaftur-rekreaciuli ka<strong>da</strong>stri <strong>da</strong> maT safuZvelze samTo-<br />
rekreaciuli kompleqsebis qalaqgegmarebiTi organizacia.<br />
terminebis ganmarteba<br />
upirvelesad warmodgenilia kanonSi _ “sivrciTi mowyobisa <strong>da</strong><br />
qalaqTmSeneblobis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb” gamoyenebul specifiuri<br />
terminebi, romelTac aqvT Semdegi mniSvneloba:<br />
1. arealad SeiZleba moviazroT ama Tu im teritoriis nawili,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c SeimCneva iseTi obieqtebi, movlenebi Tu procesebi, romlebic<br />
ar gvxdeba am teritoriis sxva nawilebSi;<br />
2. zona teritoriaa, sa<strong>da</strong>c aRiniSneba nebismieri obieqtebis,<br />
movlenebisa Tu procesebis met-naklebad erTnairi raodenobrivi<br />
maCveneblebi;<br />
3. gansaxlebis RerZi _ qveynis gansaxlebis sistemis sivrciTi<br />
mimarTulebis maformirebeli, <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli sayrden <strong>da</strong>saxlebaTa<br />
urTierTkavSirze satransporto-komunikaciuri <strong>da</strong> funqciur-<br />
gegmarebiTi sistema, romlis garSemo bunebrivad yalibdeba<br />
urbanizebuli derefani;<br />
4. urbanizebuli derefani _ gansaxlebis RerZis garSemo<br />
arsebuli zona, romelic gamoirCeva regionis sxva nawilebisagan<br />
18
arasasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobisa Tu socialur-kulturuli<br />
maCveneblebis maRali doniTa <strong>da</strong> cxovrebis qalaquri wesis<br />
gavrcelebiT.<br />
5. sivrciTi mimarTuleba _ qveynis gansaxlebis sistemis<br />
mizanmimarTuli formirebis ganmsazRvreli, geo Tu Si<strong>da</strong>politikuri<br />
faqtorebiT ganpirobebuli wamyvani geografiuli veqtori;<br />
6. sivrciTi mowyoba – teritoriebis fizikuri garemosa <strong>da</strong><br />
infrastruqturis formirebisaTvis kanonmdeblobis, am <strong>da</strong>rgis<br />
saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi politikis, sivrciT-teritoriuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmvis dokumentebis, fizikuri <strong>da</strong> iuridiuli pirebis<br />
moRvaweobis erTobliobiT gansazRvruli pirobebi <strong>da</strong> procesebi;<br />
7. qalaqTmSenebloba – qalaqganviTareba (urbanuli ganviTareba);<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxlebaTa (maT Soris, sasoflo <strong>da</strong>saxlebaTa) fizikuri garemosa<br />
<strong>da</strong> infrastruqturis formirebisaTvis kanonmdeblobis, am <strong>da</strong>rgis<br />
saxelmwifo <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi politikis, sivrciT-teritoriuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmvis dokumentebis, fizikuri <strong>da</strong> iuridiuli pirebis<br />
moRvaweobis erTobliobiT gansazRvruli pirobebi <strong>da</strong> procesebi;<br />
8. sivrciT-teritoriuli <strong>da</strong>gegmva – saqmianoba, romelic<br />
aregulirebs <strong>da</strong>saxlebaTa teritoriebis gamoyenebis, miwaT-<br />
sargeblobis, ganaSenianebisa <strong>da</strong> keTilmowyobis, garemosa <strong>da</strong> uZravi<br />
kulturuli memkvidreobis <strong>da</strong>cvis, rekreaciis sivrciT-<br />
teritoriuli pirobebis, satransporto, sainJinro <strong>da</strong> socialuri<br />
infrastruqturis, aseve ekonomikuri ganviTarebis sivrciT aspeqtebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> gansaxlebis teritoriul sakiTxebs;<br />
9. gansaxleba – mosaxleobis, ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> sxva saxis aqtivobis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>nawileba qveynis, afxazeTisa <strong>da</strong> aWaris avtonomiuri<br />
respublikebis, regionis, raionis, <strong>da</strong>saxlebis teritoriaze;<br />
10. <strong>da</strong>saxleba – gansaxlebis gansxvavebuli formebis (tipebis)<br />
saerTo saxelwodeba (qalaqi, <strong>da</strong>ba, Temi, sofeli);<br />
19
11. miwaTsargeblobis <strong>da</strong>gegmva – saqmianoba, romelic gansazRvravs<br />
miwis (<strong>da</strong>saxlebaTa teritoriebis) gamoyenebis saxeobas,<br />
intensivobas <strong>da</strong> pirobebs zonirebis meTodiT;<br />
12. gegmarebiTi regioni – istoriul-kulturuli an/<strong>da</strong> ekonomikuri<br />
niSniT gaerTianebuli, an/<strong>da</strong> specialuri sivrciT-teritoriuli<br />
amocanebis ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad formirebuli raionebis teritoriebis<br />
erToblioba;<br />
13. infrastruqtura – sainJinro-teqnikuri <strong>da</strong> socialuri<br />
momsaxurebis, aseve sakomunikacio obieqtebis, nagebobebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
qselebis erToblioba;<br />
14. sivrciT-teritoriuli <strong>da</strong>gegmvis normebi <strong>da</strong> wesebi – <strong>da</strong>gegmvaze<br />
uflebamosili saqarTvelos aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis<br />
Sesabamisi uwyebis <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis<br />
(mmarTvelobis) organos mier <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli kanonqvemdebare<br />
normatiuli aqtebi;<br />
15, sivrciT-teritoriuli <strong>da</strong>gegmvis dokumentacia – am kanoniT<br />
gansazRvruli wesiT SemuSavebuli, SeTanxmebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli<br />
dokumentebi, romlebic Seicavs teqstur <strong>da</strong> grafikul informacias;<br />
16. miwaTsargeblobis generaluri gegma – qalaqTmSeneblobiTi<br />
dokumenti, romelic gansazRvravs <strong>da</strong>saxlebaTa teritoriebis<br />
gamoyenebis <strong>da</strong> ganaSenianebis ZiriTad parametrebs, keTilmowyobis,<br />
garemosa <strong>da</strong> uZravi kulturuli memkvidreobis <strong>da</strong>cvis sivrciT-<br />
teritoriul pirobebs, satransporto, sainJinro <strong>da</strong> socialuri<br />
infrastruqturis, aseve ekonomikuri ganviTarebis sivrciT aspeqtebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> gansaxlebis teritoriul sakiTxebs;<br />
17. ganaSenianebis regulirebis gegma – qalaqTmSeneblobiTi<br />
dokumenti, romelic <strong>da</strong>saxlebaTa teritoriebisTvis adgens<br />
miwaTsargeblobis zonebs (qvezonebs) an/<strong>da</strong> azustebs calkeuli<br />
gegmarebiTi erTeulebis, ganaSenianebis arqiteqturul-gegmarebiT <strong>da</strong><br />
sivrciT-moculobiT maxasiaTeblebs, Senobebis ganTavsebas, maT<br />
gegmarebiT parametrebs; uZravi kulturuli memkvidreobis <strong>da</strong>cvisa<br />
20
<strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis qalaqTmSeneblobiT maxasiaTeblebs, reliefis<br />
organizebas, teritoriebis keTilmowyobasa <strong>da</strong> gamwvanebas,<br />
sainJinro <strong>da</strong> satransporto infrastruqturiT uzrunvelyofas;<br />
18. qalaqTmSeneblobiTi ka<strong>da</strong>stri (mravalmiznobrivi ka<strong>da</strong>stri) –<br />
sainformacio sistema, romelic moicavs sivrciT-teritoriuli<br />
ganviTarebis reglamentebis monacemebs, informacias socialuri,<br />
satransporto, sainJinro <strong>da</strong> samrewvelo infrastruqturis, Senoba-<br />
nagebobebis ganTavsebisa <strong>da</strong> mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, teritoriebis<br />
ekologiuri, sainJinro-geologiuri <strong>da</strong> seismuri mdgomareobis<br />
Taobaze, agreTve sxva monacemebs, romlebic gamoiyeneba sivrciT-<br />
teritoriuli <strong>da</strong>gegmvis dokumentaciis SemuSavebisaTvis <strong>da</strong><br />
sivrciT-teritoriuli ganviTarebis marTvisaTvis;<br />
19. ganaSenianebis sivrciT-gegmarebiTi wyoba – teritoriebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
ganaSenianebuli garemos Camoyalibebuli an/<strong>da</strong> qalaqTmSeneblobiTi<br />
dokumentaciiT gansazRvruli urTierT-mimarTeba, struqtura <strong>da</strong><br />
maxasiaTebelTa sistema;<br />
20. miwis nakveTi – saka<strong>da</strong>stro erTeuli sazRvrebiT (saka<strong>da</strong>stro<br />
sazRvari) sargeblobis, maTi gankargvisa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebisaTvis;<br />
Aaqve warmodgenilia sakurorto-rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong> turistuli<br />
sistemebis klasifikacia Sesabamisi terminologiiT.*<br />
21. turisti – fizikuri piri, romelic nebayoflobiT mogzaurobs<br />
mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgilis farglebs gareT, <strong>da</strong>svenebis<br />
gajansaRebis, saqmiani an sxva mizniT, ara nakleb 24 saaTis <strong>da</strong> ara<br />
umetes erTi wlis vadiT <strong>da</strong> romlis mogzaurobac ar anazRaurdeba<br />
droebiTi yofnis adgilis safinanso wyaroebi<strong>da</strong>n;<br />
22. _ organizebuli turisti _ piri, romelsac SeZenili aqvs turi,<br />
anu romlis mogzauroba orturistuli subieqtis (formis, sawarmos,<br />
organizaciis, turoperatoris <strong>da</strong> sxva) mier <strong>da</strong> iRebs misgan<br />
kompleqsur momsaxurebas.<br />
21. _ vizitori _ a) stumari; b) <strong>da</strong>cul teritoriaze kanoniT<br />
gansaZRvruli wesiT <strong>da</strong>Svebuli gareSe piri; g) ukanasknel xans<br />
21
termins umetesad iyeneben yvela ucxoelis mimarT, vinc qveynis<br />
teritoriaze SezRuduli vadiT imyofeba;<br />
22. _ erTdRiani vizitori _ piri, romelic imyofeba mudmivi<br />
sacxovrebeli adgilis farglebs gareT, ucxo garemoSi, <strong>da</strong>svenebis<br />
saqmiani, Tu sxva mizniT, vadiT araumetes 24 saaTisa <strong>da</strong> yofnis<br />
adgilas misi saqmianoba ar aris anazRaurebadi.<br />
23. rekreaciuli resursebis tevadoba dgindeba normis mixedviT:<br />
24. antropogenuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTva, romlis normebi dgindeba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
biogeocenozebTan mimarTebaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva bunebriv zonebSi fexiT<br />
sasiarulo, gasaseirnebel, Tu saeqskursio saqmianobisas, bunebrivi<br />
garemos ekologiuri dizbalansis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis mizniT.<br />
25. <strong>da</strong>saSvebi zRvruli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebi _ antropoekologiuri<br />
normativebi, romelTa <strong>da</strong>rRvevas mivyavarT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva donis<br />
geosistemebis mdgradobis rRvevamde, rac a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />
janmrTelobis cvlilebebze aisaxeba.<br />
26. rekreaciuli potenciali es aris faqtiur <strong>da</strong> zRvrulad<br />
<strong>da</strong>saSveb rekreantTa raodenobebis Sefardeba, romelis rekreaciuli<br />
resursebis mravalferovnebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinareobs “rekreaciuli<br />
potenciali”s gansazRvreba <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia bunebrivi resursebis<br />
tevadobasTan. rekreaciuli potenciali agreTve SeiZleba<br />
ganvsazRvroT, rogorc teritoriis SesaZlebloba miiRos zRvruli<br />
<strong>da</strong>msveneblis raodenoba, ris Sedega<strong>da</strong>c wonasworobi iqneba<br />
SenarCunebuli.<br />
27 _ „kurorti“ _ es adgilia, romelsac gaaCnia samkurnalo<br />
wyaroebi, samkurnalo talaxi, gansakuTrebuli klimatiuri <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />
bune¬brivi pirobebi (tyeebi, mTebi, zRvebis, mdinareebis, tbebis<br />
sanapiroebi <strong>da</strong> a. S.) <strong>da</strong> keTilmowyobilia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>avadebebis<br />
samkurnalod, <strong>da</strong> agreTve, <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong>Tvis, sa<strong>da</strong>c arsebobs<br />
Sesabamisi organizebuli samkurnalo-profilaqtikuri<br />
<strong>da</strong>wesebulebebi, romlebic akmayofileben sanitarul-higienur <strong>da</strong><br />
kurortologiur moTxovnilebebs“.<br />
22
28. sarekreacio teritoria – saqarTvelos <strong>da</strong>saxlebuli an/<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>usaxlebeli teritoria, romlis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi<br />
potencialia turizmi <strong>da</strong> rekreacia <strong>da</strong> romelic moicavs<br />
erTmaneTTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul bunebriv <strong>da</strong> kulturul kompleqsebs,<br />
turistuli <strong>da</strong> sakurorto infrastruqturis obieqtebs <strong>da</strong> SeiZleba<br />
gamoyenebul iqnes a<strong>da</strong>mianTa <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong>Tvis, maTi rekreaciuli<br />
moTxovnilebebis <strong>da</strong>sakmayofileblad; (30.03.2007. N4574 amoqmeddes<br />
saqarTvelos prezidentis mier Sesabamisi normatiuli aqtebis<br />
gamocemisTanave.)<br />
29. sakurorto-rekreaciuli regioni _ qveynis, avtonomiis, mxaris<br />
teritoriis nawili (saqarTvelos SavizRvis sanapiro, ukrainis<br />
yirimisa <strong>da</strong> odesis sanapiroebi, ruseTis didi soWis sanapiro,<br />
azerbaijanis kaspiszRvis sanapiro <strong>da</strong> a. S.), romlis upiratesi<br />
ganviTarebis safuZvels warmoadgens misi mdi<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
kurortologiuri resursebi. sakurorto-rekreaciuli regionSi<br />
erTiandebian Se<strong>da</strong>re¬biT <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli sakurorto-rekreaciuli<br />
raionebi. sakurorto-rekreaciuli regionis sidide <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia<br />
adgilobriv bunebriv-klimatiur, kurortologiur <strong>da</strong> teritoriul<br />
resursebze, <strong>da</strong> agreTve masSi Semavali sakurorto-rekreaciuli<br />
raionebis raodenobaze.<br />
30. sakurorto-rekreaciuli raioni _ Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT <strong>da</strong>moukidebeli<br />
qalaqTm¬Se¬neblobiTi warmonaqmni, romelic Sedgeba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
urTi¬erT¬<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli funqciuri zonebis jgufebisgan<br />
(samkurnalo-gamajansaRebel kompleqsebis, adgilobrivi<br />
mosaxleobis <strong>da</strong> momsaxure personalis sacxovrebeli <strong>da</strong>bebis,<br />
komunalur-sameurneo <strong>da</strong> soflis meurneobis obieqtebisagan, agreTve<br />
tyeparkebis masivebisagan) saerTo kulturul-sayofacxovrebo,<br />
komunalur-sameurneo, administraciul momsaxurebiT <strong>da</strong> sainJinro<br />
RonisZiebebis saerTo sistemiT. am raionebis saxalxo meurneobis<br />
ganviTarebaSi wamyvani adgili ukaviaT sakurorto meurneobas:<br />
leseliZe _ ganTiadi, gagra, biWvinTa, anaklia, grigoleTi-ureki,<br />
23
qobuleTi, baTumi <strong>da</strong> sxva raionebi saqarTvelos SavizRvis<br />
sanapiroze, agreTve raionebi borjomSi, bakurianSi <strong>da</strong> a. S.<br />
sakurorto-rekreaciuli raionebi warmoadgenen sakurorto-<br />
rekreaciuli regionis struqturul erTeulebs.<br />
31. sakurorto qalaqi an <strong>da</strong>ba _ istoriulad Camoyalibebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxlebuli adgili (punqti), romlis saxalxo meurneobis<br />
ganviTarebaSi wamyvani adgili ukavia sakurorto meurneobas.<br />
sakurorto qalaqi an <strong>da</strong>ba Cveulebriv Sedis sakurorto-<br />
rekreaciul raionSi (soxumi, baTumi, qobuleTi, borjomi) an<br />
warmoadgens <strong>da</strong>moukidebel erTeuls (axtala, qviSxeTi, xovle).<br />
32. sakurorto kompleqsi, <strong>da</strong>svenebis kompleqsi _ rekreaciuli<br />
kompleqsi _ qalaqTmSeneblobiTi warmonaqmni, romelic Sesdgeba<br />
erTgvarovani sakurorto-rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebis jgufebi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
gaerTianebulni saerTo arqiteqturul-<strong>da</strong>gegmarebiTi <strong>da</strong> sivrcobriv<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetebiT, kulturul-sayofacxovrebo <strong>da</strong> komunalur-sameurneo<br />
momsaxurebis centralizaciiT <strong>da</strong> sainJinro RonisZiebebis saerTo<br />
sistemiT. sakurorto kompleqsi, <strong>da</strong>svenebis kompleqsi Sedis<br />
sakurorto-rekreaciul raionSi <strong>da</strong> warmoadgens an <strong>da</strong>moukidebel<br />
qalaqT¬mSeneblobiT erTeuls, an qalaqebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>bebis Semadgenel<br />
nawils (balneologiuri kompleqsi TbilisSi, sinopis kompleqsi<br />
soxumSi).<br />
kompleqsebis <strong>da</strong>saxeleba ganisazRvreba maTSi Semavali<br />
gamaja¬nsaRebeli <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebis tipebis SemadgenlobiT. ase<br />
magaliTad, kompleqsebi, romlebic aerTianeben sakurorto-<br />
profilaqtikuri mkurnalobis <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebs (sanatoriumebi,<br />
sanatoriuli pansio¬natebi <strong>da</strong> profilaqtorebi, sanatoriuli tipis<br />
axalgazrduli banakebi) saxeldebian rogorc sakurorto<br />
kompleqsebi (calkeuli kompleqsebi wyaltuboSi, borjomSi,<br />
abasTumanSi <strong>da</strong> a. S.), xolo kompleqsebi, romlebic aerTianeben<br />
<strong>da</strong>sasvenebel <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebs (<strong>da</strong>svenebis saxlebi, sastumroebi,<br />
axalgazrduli <strong>da</strong>svenebis banakebi, saxelodebian, rogorc<br />
24
<strong>da</strong>svenebis kompleqsebi, rekreaciuli kompleqsebi (calkeuli<br />
kompleqsebi biWvinTaSi, <strong>da</strong> a. S.).<br />
33. sakurorto <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba, <strong>da</strong>svenebis <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba. – aRniSnuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>wesebulebebi warmoadgenen sakurorto mkurnalobis, <strong>masobrivi</strong><br />
<strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> calkeul obieqtebs <strong>da</strong> gansxvavdebian<br />
erTmaneTisagan tipologiuri TaviseburebebiT. maTi mSenebloba<br />
ganxorcielebulia saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapirosa <strong>da</strong> mTis<br />
sakurorto adgilebSi.<br />
34. <strong>da</strong>svenebis adgili. – gansazRvruli teritoria, romelic<br />
gamiznulia <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong>Tvis. igi formirdeba Sesafer<br />
bunebriv pirobebSi ((tyeparkebSi, zRvis, tbebis <strong>da</strong> mdinareebis<br />
sanapiroebze <strong>da</strong> a. S.) mosaxleobis socialuri, profesionaluri,<br />
asakobrivi <strong>da</strong> fsiqologiuri faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
rac Seexeba <strong>turizmis</strong> sistemebis klasifikacias, romelic<br />
ukavSirdeba <strong>turizmis</strong> arealis gamovlenas, turistuli raionebis,<br />
centrebis, calkeuli obieqtebis <strong>da</strong> marSrutebis organizacias,<br />
turis¬tebis ganTavsebisa <strong>da</strong> sxva sakiTxebs, qvemoT mocemuli<br />
Sesabamisi terminologiiT xasiaTdeb:<br />
35. turistuli raioni – gansazRvruli teritoria, romelic<br />
warmoadgens <strong>turizmis</strong> obieqtebis Tavmoyris adgils (unikaluri<br />
bunebis, istoriuli Zeglebis <strong>da</strong> a. S.) sa<strong>da</strong>c organizebulia<br />
turistuli centrebi <strong>da</strong> marSrutebi, gaTvaliswinebulia turistTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> mogzaurTa momsaxurebis <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebis funqcionireba.<br />
calkeuli turistuli raionebi Sedian mxaris an avtonomiuri<br />
erTeulis turistul saerTo sistemaSi. zogierT SemTxvevebSi<br />
turistuli raionebi SeiZleba funqcionirebdes <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
(mesxeTis raionSi, alpinizmisa <strong>da</strong> samTo <strong>turizmis</strong> raionebi<br />
kavkasionis qedis ferdobebze <strong>da</strong> a. S.).<br />
36. turistuli centri. umsxvilesi, msxvili <strong>da</strong> didi qalaqebi,<br />
samrewvelo centrebi, qalaqebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c Tavmoyrilia istoriuli <strong>da</strong><br />
arqiteqturuli Zeglebi (mcxeTa, siRnaRi) <strong>da</strong> sxv.<br />
25
37. turistuli kompleqsi - turistuli <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebis jgufi<br />
(turistebisa <strong>da</strong> mogzaurTa ganTavsebisaTvis gaerTianebuli<br />
qalaqTmSeneblobiTi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetis sistemiT (kompleqsebi TbilisSi,<br />
baTumSi, qobuleTSi <strong>da</strong> a. S.).<br />
38. turistuli obieqti, calkeuli bunebis Zeglebi, materialuri<br />
kulturis <strong>da</strong> sxva SemecnebiTi mniSvnelobis obieqtebi<br />
(xuroTmoZ¬Rvruli Zeglebi: jvari, varZia, gelaTi, unikaluri<br />
mRivimeebi <strong>da</strong> a. S.).<br />
<strong>da</strong>sasruls gvin<strong>da</strong> avRniSnoT, rom yvela CamoTvlili sakurorto-<br />
rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong> turistuli warmonaqmnebi ikaveben saproeqto-<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmarebiTi samuSaoebis gansazRvrul taqsonomiur safexurs, rac<br />
ganapirobebs lokalur saproeqto samuSaoebis Sesrulebas <strong>da</strong><br />
proeqtirebaSi stadiurobis <strong>da</strong>cvas (sur. 12, 13, 30).<br />
saWirod migvaCnia agreTve warmovadginoT saTxilamuro<br />
industriaSi saTxilamuro teritoriis ganviTarebisTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli terminebi <strong>da</strong> teqnikuri Jargonebi, romelTa<br />
ganmartebac qvemoTaa mocemuli:<br />
39. moTxilamuris viziti – saTxilamuro teritoriaze mTeli an<br />
dRe-Ramis garkveuli periodis manZilze sasrialod misuli erTi<br />
a<strong>da</strong>miani. es gamoSvebuli asasvleli bileTebis sruli<br />
raodenobaa. moTxilamuris vizitSi Sedis stumris momsaxureba<br />
mTeli dRis, naxevari dRis, Ramis, saSeRavaTo, zr<strong>da</strong>srulis, bavSvis,<br />
sezonuri an anebismieri sxva bileTis tipi, romelic moTxilamures<br />
an snouborders konkretuli zonis <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebiT sargeblobis<br />
SesaZleblobas aZlevs.<br />
40. mTamsvlelTa gaTvlili raodenoba – moTxilamureTa ra<br />
raodenobis ga<strong>da</strong>yvana SeuZlia sabagiros. saaTobrivi monacemebi<br />
individualuri asvlebis jamia.<br />
41. vgt/saaTSi (000) – (vertikaluri ga<strong>da</strong>myvani transporti saaTSi) –<br />
erT saaTSi 1000 vertikalur metrze ga<strong>da</strong>yvanili a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />
raodenoba (sabagiros vertikaluri svla, gamravlebuli saaTSi<br />
26
ga<strong>da</strong>yvanlebis raodenobaze, gayofili 1000). teritoriis mTliani<br />
vgt yvela asvlis vgt-is jamia.<br />
42. moTxovnili vgt/moTxilamure/dRe – yovel dRe <strong>da</strong>Svebul<br />
moTxilamureTa raodenoba (moTxovnili).<br />
43. moTxilamuris (xelsayreli) ga<strong>da</strong>yvanis SesaZlebloba (mgS) –<br />
sasrialo zonaze ra raodenobis moTxilamureTa/snouborderTa<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebaa SesaZlebeli Wyletvis gareSe, an bunebrivi garemos<br />
<strong>da</strong>zianebis gareSe axlis Senebis perspeqtiva. saTxilamuro zonis<br />
mosaxerxebeli sabagiroebi erT saaTSi Sesrulebuli vgt-s, TiTo<br />
moTxilamureze moTxovnili vtm-s, topografiuli sirTulis <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>mxmare aRWurvilobebis funqciaa.<br />
44. utilizacia – moTTxilamureTa ga<strong>da</strong>yvanis SesaZleblobebiT<br />
gazomili. xelsayreli sezonuri momsaxureba namravlia<br />
saTxilamuro teritoriaze yoveldRiurad ga<strong>da</strong>yvanili<br />
moTxilamureebis <strong>da</strong> saoperacio dReebis raodenobis. utilizacia<br />
erTmaneTs u<strong>da</strong>rebs moTxilamureTa vizitebis realur raodenobas<br />
<strong>da</strong> gaTvlil xelsayrel sezonuri SesaZleblobebs .<br />
45. teritoriis punqti – <strong>da</strong>xrilobis kuTxis <strong>da</strong> adgilmdebareobis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, saTxilamuro gzis asaSeneblad xelsayeli<br />
teritoria.<br />
Tavi I.<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis<br />
winapirobebi<br />
winapirobebis SejerebulmaA analizma mogvca saSualeba <strong>zemo</strong><br />
<strong>svaneTis</strong> portul-turistuli kompleqsebisaTvis ganviTarebisaTvis<br />
gamogveyo lokaluri teritoriebi<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTi sezonuri pikuri funqciuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis wlis<br />
mTel periodze ga<strong>da</strong>sanawileblad ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba<br />
zamTris periodSi zamTris sportis saxeobis, pirvel rigSi<br />
27
samTo_saTxilamuro sportis ganviTarebas, xolo zafxulis<br />
periodSi <strong>turizmis</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxeobebis _ saqveiTo, sacxenosno,<br />
eqstremaluri, sportuli, saganmanaTleblo, frinvelebze <strong>da</strong>kvirveba<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva _ ganviTareba. adgilze arsebobs amis yvela piroba _<br />
istoriul-kulturuli memkvidreoba, bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebi,<br />
sastumroebis swrafad ganviTarebadi qseli, naturaluri<br />
produqtebi.<br />
turistuli marSrutebis konfiguraciis TvalsazrisiT <strong>zemo</strong><br />
svaneTi pasuxobs rogorc (1) xazovani, ise (2) sxivisebri sqemebis<br />
moTxovnilebebs. pirvel SemTxvevaSi turistul marSrutebSi<br />
erTveba istoriuli gzebis mimarTulebebi _ mag., mestii<strong>da</strong>n<br />
uSbisaken, adiSisken an uSgulisaken; meore SemTxvevaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
mimarTulibiT turistuli marSrutis centri<strong>da</strong>n; <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi<br />
marSrutebi miemarTeba, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d erTi romelime centri<strong>da</strong>nAN <strong>da</strong><br />
moicavs istoruli, arqeologiuri Tu arqiteqturuli Zeglebis<br />
simravles, riTac esoden mdi<strong>da</strong>ria <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTi (<strong>da</strong>narTi ?).<br />
saqarTveloSi dRes UgamoikeTa mosaxleobis <strong>masobrivi</strong><br />
<strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mimarTulebebis aRorZinebis<br />
tenciebi. axal socialur-ekonomiur wyobaSi saqarTvelos<br />
ekonomiuri warmatebebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan Semadgenel nawils<br />
am <strong>da</strong>rgis ganviTareba warmoadgens..<br />
. maradiuli TovliTa <strong>da</strong> myinvarebiT <strong>da</strong>faruli kavkasioni, Savi<br />
zRvis sanapiros subtropikuli zona, wyaluxvi mdinareebi <strong>da</strong><br />
CanCqerebi, samkurnalo mineraluri wylebi <strong>da</strong> kurortebi,<br />
mravalprofiliani <strong>da</strong> mdi<strong>da</strong>ri ekonomikuri raionebi, istoriisa <strong>da</strong><br />
kulturis Zeglebi - yvelaferi es gansakuTrebiT xelsayrel<br />
pirobebs qmnis saqarTveloSi am mimarTulebebis ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
saqarTveloSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebas xels<br />
uwyobs uamravi istoriul-arqiteqturuli Zeglis arseboba,<br />
28
saqarTveloSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganvTarebas aseve<br />
xels uwyobs qveynis gansakuTrebiT xelsayreli geografiuli<br />
mdebareoba. bunebam uxvad <strong>da</strong>ajildova saqarTvelo. mTels<br />
msoflioSi arc ise bevria adgilebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mcire<br />
teritoriaze ganlagebulia amdeni gansxvavebuli landSafti -<br />
notio subtropikebi<strong>da</strong>n mudmiv Tovlamde <strong>da</strong> myinvarebamde.<br />
saqarTvelos teritoriaze Seswavlilia 2000-mde mineraluri<br />
wyaro. mineraluri wylebi farTod gamoiyeneba balneologiaSi<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva avadmyofobaTa samkurnalod.<br />
saqarTvelos erT-erTi ZiriTadi sakurorto faqtoria hava. mTisa <strong>da</strong><br />
zRvis Serwymuli hava qmnis saukeTeso klimatur pirobebs mravali<br />
<strong>da</strong>avadebis samkurnalod. klimatoTerapiaSi gansakuTrebiT<br />
efeqturia zRvispira, <strong>da</strong>bal <strong>da</strong> saSualomTiani raionebis hava.<br />
mniSvnelovani bunebrivi sakurorto-rekreaciuli resursia mdi<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
mcenareuloba (maT Soris wiwviani <strong>da</strong> farTofoTlovani tyeebi).<br />
dRes saqarTvelo 102 kurorts iTvlis. borjomis xeobis klimaturi<br />
kurortebi: wyaltubo, abasTumani, borjomi, waRveri, cemi, likani,<br />
bakuriani. Savi zRvispireTis klimaturi pirobebi: axali aToni,<br />
biWvinTa, soxumi, gagra, baTumi, qobuleTi, maxinjauri, cixisZiri, <strong>da</strong><br />
sxv. balneologiuri kurortebi: nabeRlavi, skuri, zvare, sulori,<br />
aspinZa, caiSi, nunusi, uwera <strong>da</strong> sxv. gar<strong>da</strong> kurortebisa aseve<br />
registrirebulia 340 sakurorto adgili.<br />
bunebis gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebisa <strong>da</strong> silamazis, mravali<br />
kulturuli Zeglisa <strong>da</strong> mdi<strong>da</strong>ri <strong>da</strong> uZvelesi istoriis gamo,<br />
saqarTvelo aris <strong>turizmis</strong> mniSvnelovani centri.<br />
29
saqarTveloSi arsebobs bunebrivi RirsSesaniSnaobani, nakrZalebi,<br />
tbebi, CanCqerebi, mRvimeebi, mwvervalebi, myinvarebi, mdi<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
istoriuli Zeglebi <strong>da</strong> samTo-saTxilamuro centrebi.<br />
turistebsa <strong>da</strong> samTo-saTxilamuro sportis moyvarulebs Soris<br />
Zalzed popularulia bakuriani <strong>da</strong> gu<strong>da</strong>uri.<br />
saqarTveloSi alpinizmi Zalzed popularuli sportia.<br />
saqarTvelos yvelaze cnobil mwvervalebs warmoadgens yazbegi<br />
(5033m), TeTnuldi (4853 m), Sxara (5068 m), uSba (4700 m), jangiTau (5059<br />
m) <strong>da</strong> sxv. saqarTvelos umaRlesi mwvervalia Sxara.<br />
<strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong>da</strong>sveneba <strong>da</strong> turizmi saqarTvelos erT-erTi<br />
mniSvnelovani <strong>da</strong>rgia. maradiuli TovliTa <strong>da</strong> myinvarebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>faruli kavkasioni, Savi zRvis sanapiros subtropikuli zona,<br />
wyaluxvi mdinareebi <strong>da</strong> CanCqerebi, samkurnalo mineraluri wylebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> kurortebi, mravalprofiliani <strong>da</strong> mdi<strong>da</strong>ri ekonomikuri raionebi,<br />
istoriisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis Zeglebi - yvelaferi es gansakuTrebiT<br />
xelsayrel pirobebs qmnis saqarTveloSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
winapirobaTagan erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi rekreciuli<br />
resursebis gamovlineba <strong>da</strong> rekreciuli potencialis <strong>da</strong>dgenaa.<br />
sarekreacio resursebi sakurorto, turistuli <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong>Tvis<br />
gankuTvnili teritoriebis Sinaarsis ganmsazRvrelia vinai<strong>da</strong>n<br />
rekriaciuli raionebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d iseT teritoriebze yalibdeba<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c kargad aris Serwymuli klimaturi pirobebi, mdi<strong>da</strong>ri mwane<br />
safari <strong>da</strong> SesaniSnavi Tvalwarmtaci buneba, mTebi <strong>da</strong> platoebi,<br />
CanCqerebi <strong>da</strong> wyalsacavebi, istoriuli RirSesaniSnaobebi,<br />
yovelive is rac ase izi<strong>da</strong>vs <strong>da</strong>msvenebelsa <strong>da</strong> turists.<br />
sarekriacio potencialis gamovlenisaTvis naTel suraTs<br />
gvaZlevs agreTve <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ekonomikis<br />
30
Sesaxeb statistikuri monacemabis analizi, romelic rekriaciul-<br />
urbanuli amocanebis ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetisaTvis mniSvnelovan masalasac<br />
warmoadgens.<br />
rekriaciuli resursebi aris bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> antropogenuli<br />
warmoSobis, e.i. yalibdeba a<strong>da</strong>mianis moRvaweobis Sedegad.<br />
suraTi :.1 sarekriacio resursebis sqema: (g. beriZis mixedviT 197?)<br />
rekiaciisaTvis xelsayrel bunebriv garemos garkveul<br />
teritoriaze qmnis reliefis, klimatis, mcenareuli safaris,<br />
samkurnalo wyaroebis, landSaftis, kulturuli memkvidreobis<br />
Zeglebis erToblioba.<br />
Aamave teritoriaze rekiaciisaTvis xelsayrel anTropogenul<br />
resursebs qmnis sameurneo-ekonomiuri monacemebi, istoriul-eTn<br />
ografiuli <strong>da</strong> istoriuli Zeglebi.<br />
31
<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTi am mxriv namdvilad gamorCeul regionad<br />
SeiZleba miviCnioT, sa<strong>da</strong>c bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebis maRali<br />
Rirebuleba <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis didi potencialsa <strong>da</strong><br />
perspeqtivebs ganapirobebs. Tavis mxriv <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTareba<br />
moagvarebs arsebul bevr problemas: aucilebeli iqneba gzebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
xidebis aRdgena, transportis amoqmedeba, leqtroenergiis moyvana,<br />
sursaTiTa <strong>da</strong> aucilebeli sayofacxovrebo probuqtebiTa <strong>da</strong><br />
nivTebiT uzrunvelyofa <strong>da</strong> a.S. <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganvTarebas aseve xels uwyobs qveynis gansakuTrebiT<br />
xelsayreli geografiuli mdebareoba.<br />
bunebam uxvad <strong>da</strong>ajildova saqarTvelo. mTels msoflioSi arc<br />
ise bevria adgilebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mcire teritoriaze<br />
ganlagebulia amdeni gansxvavebuli landSafti - notio<br />
subtropikebi<strong>da</strong>n mudmiv Tovlamde <strong>da</strong> myinvarebamde maRal mTian<br />
adgilebSi.<br />
sxava<strong>da</strong>sxva tipis rekriaciisaTvis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva bunbrivi<br />
resursebia saWiro. <strong>da</strong>svenebis saxeobi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare icvleba<br />
moTxovnebis Sefaseba. zoga<strong>da</strong>d maRalmTian raionebSi<br />
gavrcelebulia saTxilamuro, sacxenosno, samTasvlelo, samTo<br />
turizmi. Tumca am SemTxvevaSi svaneTi gamonakliss warmoadgens,<br />
radganac aq mSvenieri pirobebia <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong>da</strong>svenebis samkurnalo<br />
sanatiriumebisaTvis; unikaluri simdidris matarebelia mxaris<br />
kulturul-istoriuli potenciali.<br />
qvemoT ganvixilavT <strong>svaneTis</strong> rekreaciul resursebs mTeli<br />
Tavisi mravalferovnebiT.<br />
1.1 bunebriv_klimaturi pirobebi<br />
kodoris qedi<strong>da</strong>n vidre fasis mTamde <strong>svaneTis</strong> kavkasionad<br />
iwodeba. mis samxreT kalTebzea ganlagebuli saqarTvelos<br />
32
yvelaze maRalmTiani kuTxe - svaneTi, romelic moicavs mdinareebis<br />
engurisa <strong>da</strong> cxeniswylis xeobebs Sua weli<strong>da</strong>n saTaveebamde.<br />
istoriul svaneTSi Sedio<strong>da</strong> agreTve e.w. afxazeTis svaneTi<br />
(mdinare kodoris ze<strong>da</strong> nawili), <strong>zemo</strong> raWisa <strong>da</strong> leCxumis<br />
mosazRvre regionebi. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> hifsometriuli simaRle<br />
800-i<strong>da</strong>n 3600 metramdea. teritoria moicavs 3044,5 km2 -s, rac<br />
saqarTvelos teritoriis 4,4 %-ia.<br />
mosaxleobis raodenoba Seadgens 14248 kacs, mosaxleobis<br />
simWidrove - 4,6 kaci 1 km2 -ze.<br />
suraTi 2: <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> orografiuli ruka<br />
1.1.1. landSafturi mravalferovneba. <strong>zemo</strong>-<strong>svaneTis</strong> erTerTi<br />
mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebelia. rTuli <strong>da</strong> mravalferovani reliefi,<br />
myinvarebi, Rrmad <strong>da</strong>Raruli mTaTa sistemebi, zegnebi <strong>da</strong> platoebi<br />
egzotikur landSaftebs warmoqmnis, romlebic <strong>da</strong>mSvenebulia<br />
mdi<strong>da</strong>ri mcenareuli safariT.<br />
svaneTSia Tavmoyrili kavkasionis umTavresi mwvervalebi <strong>da</strong><br />
umsxvilesi myinvarebi, romelTa jamuri farTi 300 kv.km aRwevs <strong>da</strong><br />
gvirgviniviT adgas kavkasions. umniSvnelovanesi mwvervalebia:<br />
wurungala (4220 m). ailama (4550 m), Sxara (5068 m), janRa (5060 m),<br />
gestola (4860 m), tixtingeni (4620 m). TeTnuldi (4860 m), mazeri (4010<br />
33
m), CaTini (4370 m). aqvea saqveynod cnobili orTava uSbas cicabo<br />
kldovani masivi (4700 m). kavkasionze sirTulis <strong>da</strong> silamazis<br />
etaloni uSbaa, alpebSi - materhorni (4478 m).<br />
kavkasionis qedi saimedod icavs saqarTvelos teritorias<br />
CrdiloeTis civi klimatis zegavlenisagan, xolo Savi zRvis<br />
siaxlove qmnis tenianobis xelsayrel reJims mcenareuli safaris<br />
formirebisa <strong>da</strong> farTod gavrcelebisaTvis. bunebrivi mcenareulis<br />
simdidriT, <strong>zemo</strong>-<strong>svaneTis</strong> teritoria msoflios unikaluri,<br />
geobotanikuri mravalferovnebiT gamorCeul teritoriaTa ricxvs<br />
miekuTvneba.<br />
. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> klimaturi reJimis Camoyalibebaze did gavlenas<br />
axdens kavkasionis mTavari qedebis mimarTuleba, romelic<br />
ganapirobebs haeris masebis ga<strong>da</strong>tanis mimarTulebebs. upiratesia<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTis <strong>da</strong> aRmosavleTis mimarTulebis qarebi. amindis mkveTri<br />
cvlilebebi <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia swored sahaero masebis SemoWrasTan<br />
aRniSnuli mimarTulebebiT. sxva mimarTulebiT haeris masebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>adgileba SezRudulia. mTavari kavkasionis qedi CrdiloeTis<br />
haeris masebis SemoWrisaTvis TiTqmis ga<strong>da</strong>ulaxavia.<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> havas gansazRvravs mzis radiaciis, rTuli<br />
reliefis <strong>da</strong> atmosferuli cirkulaciis urTierTqmedebis<br />
Taviseburebani. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>da</strong>savleT nawili xangrZlivi Tbili<br />
periodiT xasiaTdeba. ianvrisAsaSualo tempratura Seadgens (-0,6),<br />
agvistoSi (20,9), savegetacio periodis xangrZlivoba aRwevs 191<br />
dRes, am periodSi aqtiur temperaturaTa jami 3090 gradusia.<br />
klimati ufro mkacria <strong>svaneTis</strong> centralur nawilSi. beCoSi ianvris<br />
saSualo temperatura (-6,1)-ia, xolo ivlis-agvistoSi (16,8).<br />
savegetacio periodis xangrZlivoba 147 dRea, beCoSi ki 150 dRe.<br />
Aaqaur temperaturaTa jami 2140 gradusia. Nnaleqebis saSualo<br />
wliuri raodenoba centralur zolSi Seadgens 1000-1100mm, wlis<br />
Tbil periodSi 730-75mm-ia. saSualo wliuri temperatura +8.5C<br />
gradusi, yvelaze Tbili=16.8 C gradusi. fardobiTi tenianoba 75%.<br />
34
<strong>da</strong>ba mestia mofarebulia Zlieri qarebisagan _ qaris saSualo<br />
wliuri siCqare aq 2 m/wm ar aRemateba; gabatonebulia CrdiloeTisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> samxreT-<strong>da</strong>savleTis qarebi. ufro detalurad haeris<br />
temperaturuli maCveneblebi moyvanilia <strong>da</strong>narT 1-Si.<br />
saqarTvelos subtropikul sartyelSi gansakuTrebuli<br />
mdgomareobis gamo mzis naTebis xangrZlivobis (weliwadSi 2000 sT-<br />
ze meti) <strong>da</strong> radiaciis <strong>da</strong>Zabulobis TvalsazrisiT aRiniSneba mzis<br />
radiaciis maRali maCveneblebi.<br />
naleqebis raodenoba gu<strong>da</strong>urSi aris 1585, bakurianSi 949, xolo<br />
mestiaSi 992, es niSnavs rom mestia ufro mSralia vidre bakuriani.<br />
mzis naTebis aqtivobiT 272 , cota CamorCeba gu<strong>da</strong>urs. tenianoba<br />
bakurianSi 77, gu<strong>da</strong>uri 74, mestia 55: mestia ufrob mSralia,<br />
vidre gu<strong>da</strong>uri <strong>da</strong> bakuriani<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi mkafio<strong>da</strong>a gamoxatuli mcenareTa gavrcelebis<br />
vertikaluri zonaluroba. aq alpuri sartyeli vrceldeba 2450-<br />
2500 m-<strong>da</strong>n 3100-3200 m-mde, tyiszolis ze<strong>da</strong> sazRvari ki 2400-2500 m<br />
aRwevs. wiwvovani mcenareebis koromebi 800-900 m-<strong>da</strong>n gvxvdeba. tyiani<br />
sartylis qve<strong>da</strong> nawilSi gabatonebulia kolxeTisaTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli reliqturi Sereuli <strong>da</strong> farTofoTlovani tyeebi<br />
Sereuli tyeebis qvesartyelSi gvxvdeba mono <strong>da</strong> bidominanturi<br />
koromebi. maRalmTian sartyelSi gabatonebulia muqwiwvovani<br />
<strong>da</strong> Sereuli tyeebi tyeebis nawili reliqturi qvetyiTaa (wyavi,<br />
Wyori) warmodgenili. ubalpur sartyelSi (1800-1900 m-<strong>da</strong>n 2450-2500 m-<br />
mde) mcenareuli safaris Semadgenlobis mravalferovneba<br />
kulminacias aRwevs. aq Camoyalibebulia tye-buCqnar-mdelos<br />
mravalferovan-mcenareuli kompleqsebi. meCxer tyian zolSi<br />
Warbobs subalpuri juja <strong>da</strong> tanbrecili mcenareuloba: maRalmTis<br />
muxa, nekerCxali, litvinovis aryi, kavkasiuri soWi <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />
subalpuri mcenareulobis kolorituli warmomadgenelia<br />
reliqturi marad mwvane dekas mier Seqmnili buCqnari, romelic<br />
Crdilo <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savleTi eqspoziciis ferdobebis did farTobebzea<br />
35
gavrcelebuli. subalpuri fitolandSaftis friad mniSvnelovani<br />
Semadgenelia balaxeuli safari <strong>svaneTis</strong> saswaulebrivad mdi<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
biomravalferovneba, samkurnalo mcenareebis siuxve <strong>da</strong> maRali<br />
ekologiuri sisufTave, mineraluri wylebis simravle, svanuri<br />
xalxuri medicinis safuZvelia<br />
1.1.2 topografia <strong>da</strong> hidrografia ganixileba mdinare<br />
enguris (94 km), auzSi <strong>da</strong> sam ZiriTad zonad iyofa:<br />
• xeobis ze<strong>da</strong> nawili laxanamde (1,000-3,500 m zRvis doni<strong>da</strong>n),<br />
sakmaod didi <strong>da</strong>ba-soflebiT (saxlebi, saxnav-saTesi miwa <strong>da</strong><br />
saxerxebi) mWidrod <strong>da</strong>saxlebuli teritoria;<br />
• xeobis centraluri nawili: laxani<strong>da</strong>n jvaramde, romelic<br />
xasiaTdeba viwro <strong>da</strong> cicabo ferdobebiT, ar aris mosaxerxebeli<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianis cxovrebisaTvis <strong>da</strong> amitom aq gvxvdeba sul ramdenime<br />
patara <strong>da</strong>saxleba, maT Soris sofeli xaiSi.<br />
• xeobis qve<strong>da</strong> nawili moicavs jvris qvemoT mdebare adgilebs,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c mdinare enguri miedineba kolxeTis sanapiro<br />
<strong>da</strong>blobze <strong>da</strong> Sav zRvas uerTdeba anakliasTan. am<br />
monakveTis udides nawilSi mdinare bunebrivad hyofs<br />
saqarTvelos afxazeTisgan.<br />
1.1.3 geologia <strong>da</strong> hidrologia. <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi nia<strong>da</strong>gebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
miekuTvneba mTisa <strong>da</strong> tyis Savmiwas, arc ise Rrmad wasuli<br />
nia<strong>da</strong>gebis rigs, Tixovan miwas. tyis zonis <strong>zemo</strong>T<br />
gavrcelebulia mTis mdelos kordiani <strong>da</strong> kordian-torfiani<br />
nia<strong>da</strong>gebi <strong>da</strong> alpuri zonis mcire sisqis kordian-torfiani mTis<br />
mdelos nia<strong>da</strong>gi. mdinareebis xeobebSi fragmentulad gvxvdeba<br />
aluviuri nia<strong>da</strong>gebi. nia<strong>da</strong>gi aqa iq Zlier erozias ganicdis.<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTi mdi<strong>da</strong>ria mdinareebiT. mTavari arteriaa md. enguri.<br />
misi marjvena Senakadebia: adiSisWala, mulxra mestiaWalianad,<br />
dolra, nakra, nenskra, ormeleTi, larakvakva <strong>da</strong> sxva. marcxena<br />
Senakadebia: muSuriswyali, yoSra, lasili, harSura, lail-Wala,<br />
xumfreri, xelra, ifari, xaiSura, kasleTi, xuberi <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />
36
Mmdinareebi sazrdooben wvimis, Tovlis, miwisqveSa <strong>da</strong> myinvaruli<br />
wyliT. aris tbebic, romelTa Soris mniSvnelovania namyvamis,<br />
uRviris, adiSis, unwraSisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>laris tbebi.<br />
wylis dineba xeobaSi emorCileba sezonur variaciebs,<br />
maqsimaluri 600-900 m3/w siCqariT gviandel gazafxulsa <strong>da</strong> adreul<br />
zafxulSi, rac ganpirobebulia Tovli dnobiT <strong>da</strong> didi naleqebiT.<br />
minimaluri siCqare zamTarSi Seadgens <strong>da</strong>xloebiT 20 m3/w.<br />
mdinare enguri xasiaTdeba wylis <strong>da</strong>binZurebis <strong>da</strong>bali doniT.<br />
wyali maRalxarisxiania, gamoirCeva masSi gaxsnili Jangbadis<br />
maRali SemcvelobiTa <strong>da</strong> maRali mineralizaciiT, Tumca, Raribi<br />
biologiuri produqtiulobiT.<br />
miwisqveSa wylebis moculoba Seadgens regionis wylis<br />
resursebis saerTo maragis 25%.<br />
hidromineraluri resuresebis TvalsazirisiT, ukve cnobil _<br />
nenerkvis <strong>da</strong> laxamulis (naxSirmJava), dolis (gogirdovani); beCos<br />
naxSirmJava_rkinisebri) mineralur civ wyarosTan erTad<br />
<strong>da</strong>fiqsirebulia ormocamde mineraluri wyaro: TeTnaSera, nakra,<br />
noRari, ladRina, faledi, laxamula, faris-Wala, eweri, Welisi,<br />
qvemo lixa, qxini, mazeri, Sixra, tvebiSi, beCo, baRv<strong>da</strong>nari,<br />
uSxvanaris narzani, laRami, mestia, doli- svifti, yanveTi, svifi,<br />
lesrara, labskal<strong>da</strong>, arcxili, JamuSi (mulaxis), muJali, waneri,<br />
boRreSi, labraSi, adiSi, <strong>da</strong>vberi, lasili, inari-laxili, xalde,<br />
xaldeSuri, xaiSi, qasleTi.<br />
1.1.4. bunebrivi riskebi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>binZureba. rekreciuli resursebis<br />
erT-erTSemzRudvel faqtorad zonisTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli stiqiuri<br />
movlenebis arseboba, simZlavre <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>culobis xarisxi miiCneva.<br />
stiqiur movlenebs aqvT unari gaanadguros ekonomikuri<br />
infrastruqtura <strong>da</strong> Seaferxos rekreciuli ganviTarebis<br />
SesaZleblobebi.<br />
seismuri riski. <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTi warmoadgens alpur-himalaiuri<br />
seismuri sartylis nawils, igi mdebareobs samxreTi<strong>da</strong>n _<br />
37
afrikul-arabuli filis, xolo CrdiloeTi<strong>da</strong>n _ evraziis filis<br />
Tanxvedris wertilSi <strong>da</strong> gamoirCeva seismuri aqtivobis maRli<br />
doniT, rac axlo warsulis geodinamikuri aqtivobis sxva<br />
gamovlinebebTan (<strong>da</strong>naoWeba, <strong>da</strong>bzarva, mTaTwarmoqmna) erToliobaSi<br />
svaneTs ayenebs realuri bunebrivi safrTxis winaSe <strong>da</strong> potenciurad<br />
infrastruqturisa <strong>da</strong> garemosadmi .did zianis momtania.<br />
suraTi 3:. saqarTveloSi <strong>da</strong>fiqsirebuli miwisZvrebis epicentrebi<br />
enguris auzSi aRricxulia ramdenime Zlieri (6.0 bali simZlavris)<br />
miwisZvra. saqarTvelos istoriaSi erTerTi yvelaze mZlavri, Svidbaliani<br />
miwisZvra (rukaze #8) mox<strong>da</strong> 1350 wels leCxum-svaneTSi, sakvlevi<br />
teritorii<strong>da</strong>n arc ise Sors. saqarTvelos seismuri qseli sakvlev<br />
teritoriaze moicavs or sadgurs: enguris kaSxalTan <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong> xeobaSi.<br />
enguris kaSxali agebulia 8 Bbaliani miwisZvris SesaZleblobis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
miwisZvrebi aRiniSneba didi kavkasionis gayolebaze, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
samxreT oseTSi <strong>da</strong> mcire kavkasionis gaswvriv (ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
javaxeTis zeganze).<br />
38
suraTi 4:. samxreT Kkavkasiis sawyisi seismuri zonirebis ruka<br />
wyaldidoba, mewyeri <strong>da</strong> zvavi sakvlevi teritoria iseve,<br />
rogorc saqarTvelos sxva mTiani regionebi dgas zogierTi saSiSi<br />
geologiuri <strong>da</strong> hidro-meteorologiuri safrTxis winaSe,<br />
rogorebicaa wyaldidoba, mewyeri <strong>da</strong> zvavi. am safrTxeebs<br />
iwvevs fizikuri garemos sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva komponenti (hidrologia,<br />
klimati, geologia <strong>da</strong> nia<strong>da</strong>gebi, topografia,<br />
mcenareuli safari) <strong>da</strong> agreTve wyalgamyofSi mimdinare<br />
saqmianoba (satyeo meurneobebi, soflis meurneoba). am<br />
safrTxeebis, gansakuTrebiT ki wyaldidobisa <strong>da</strong> mewyris<br />
mudmivma xasiaTma bolo wlebSi zogierT sofelSi (mestia,<br />
mulaxi, wvirmi, a.S. ) macxovrebeli bevri ojaxi aiZula<br />
ufro usafrTxo raionebSi ga<strong>da</strong>svla (ICRC, 2005). 1987 wels<br />
sofeli beCo aRiarebuli iqna didi riskis zonad <strong>da</strong> ojaxebs<br />
misces rCeva morigi mewyruli saSiSroebis gamo <strong>da</strong>uyovnebliv<br />
<strong>da</strong>etovebinaT xeoba<br />
39
olodroindeli kvlevebi cxadyofs, rom klimatis<br />
cvlilebam SeiZleba zegavlena iqonios am hidro-meteorologiur<br />
movlenaTa xangrZlivobaze, sixSiresa <strong>da</strong> intensivobaze <strong>da</strong><br />
gazardos saSiSroeba (UNEP, UNDP, OSCE, 2004).<br />
<strong>da</strong>binZurebis done <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> mdinareebSi iseve,<br />
rogorc saqarTvelos did mdinareTa umetesobaSi zomieria.<br />
sakanalizacio sistema qalaq mestiaSi mxolod 50% moicavs<br />
<strong>da</strong> saerTod ar arsebobs bevr sofelSi. cudma sanitarulma<br />
mdgomareobam (tualetebi) SesaZloa gamoiwvios wylis<br />
<strong>da</strong>binZureba. wyaldidobis Semdeg mestiis wyalSi aRiniSneba E.<br />
Coli Cxiris maRali done. UNECE, 2003). Tumca, wylis fizikur-<br />
qimiuri xarisxi mainc kargia. azotis, fosforisa <strong>da</strong> organuli<br />
nivTierebebis done savele misiisas gazomvis Sedegad zomieri<br />
aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>. <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi samrewvelo narCenebi iSviaTia. mis<br />
ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens mdinaris gaswvriv ganlagebuli<br />
saxerxebi. zog adgilas naxerxi <strong>da</strong> sxva narCenebi pir<strong>da</strong>pir<br />
mdinareSi Caedineba, rac zrdis wyalSi organuli masalebis<br />
Semcvelobis dones.<br />
globalur doneze un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyos teritoriis, zonirebis,<br />
gansaxlebisa <strong>da</strong> arsebuli ganaSenianebis rekonstruqciis<br />
saSualebebi, xolo lokalur doneze infrastruqturis sivrciTi<br />
<strong>da</strong> sakomunikacio reorganizaciis gzebi.<br />
<strong>turizmis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong>da</strong>svenebis raionebis <strong>da</strong>gegmarebisas<br />
warmoqmnili qalaqTmSeneblobiTi problemebis ga<strong>da</strong>sawyvetad<br />
samuSaoebisaTvis mizanSewonilia, rom gaTvaliwinebuli iqnas<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi:<br />
_ <strong>da</strong>dgindes <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> raionis qalaqgegmarebiTi<br />
ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi seismuri riskis <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />
saSiSi stiqiuri movlenebis (Tovlis zvavi, mewyeri, Rvarcofi <strong>da</strong><br />
a.S) gaTvaliswinebiT;<br />
40
_ seismuri riskis <strong>da</strong> sxva saSiSi stiqiuri movlenebis<br />
(Tovlis zvavi, mewyeri, Rvarcofi <strong>da</strong> a.S) Sefaseba un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>eyrdnos<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> teritoriis saSiSi stiqiuri movlenebis<br />
mikro<strong>da</strong>raionebis rukas;<br />
_ zonirebis rukaze un<strong>da</strong> naTlad Candes <strong>da</strong>ba an sofeli<br />
saSiSi stiqiur movlenebis romel zonas ganekuTvneba. magaliTad<br />
xaiSi, laxami, lewferi, lekalmaxi, dizi, SdiRiri, tvibiSi, mazeri,<br />
ifxi, mestia , wvirmi, uSguli <strong>da</strong>mewyvris saSiSroebis zonaSia;<br />
svifi, tviberi, ifari, bogreSi, lalxori, wvirmi, JabeSi<br />
miwisZvrebis maRali seismuri riskis areSia moTavsebuli; xaiSi,<br />
yari, qve<strong>da</strong> vedi, dizi, kiCxul<strong>da</strong>Si, mestia, laxiri, aca, viCnaJi<br />
Rvarcofis saSiSroebis qveSaa moqceuli. tita, ze<strong>da</strong> marRi, iJnaSi,<br />
tvibiSi, iSxvnari, murymeli, CaJaSi. Jibiani, Cvibiani, mestiis<br />
zogierTi ubani miekuTvneba zvavsaSiS zonas.<br />
_ saWiroa <strong>da</strong>muSavdes seismuri riskis <strong>da</strong> sxva stiqiuri<br />
movlenebis Sedegebis Semcirebis mizanmimarTuli programa,<br />
romelic iqneba safuZveli qalaqgegmarebiTi ganviTarebis<br />
monitoringis Casatareblad samuSaoebis yvela doneze;<br />
_ istoriul soflebSi un<strong>da</strong> Catardes sarekonstruqcio<br />
samuSaoebi seismuri riskis <strong>da</strong> sxva saSiSi stiqiuri movlenebis<br />
(Tovlis zvavi, mewyeri, Rvarcofi <strong>da</strong> aS) Sesamcireblad. rac<br />
gansazRvravs sarekonstruqcio qalaqTgegmarebiT samuSaoebis<br />
rigiTobas;<br />
_ seismuri <strong>da</strong> sxva bunebrivi riskebi un<strong>da</strong> gaTvaliswinebul<br />
iqnas satransporto <strong>da</strong> sxva sakomunikacio sistemis ganviTarebisas;<br />
_ <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> zonirebis rukaze aRniSnuli saSiSi stiqiuri<br />
movlenebis (Tovlis zvavi, mewyeri, Rvarcofi, miwisZvra) moqmedebis<br />
adgilmdebareoba <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia arsebul <strong>da</strong>saxlebul<br />
teritoriebTan. amave dros arsebobs SesaZleblobebis maRali<br />
procenti <strong>turizmis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong>Tvis vargisi axali<br />
raionebis ganviTarebisa xeluxlebel teritoriebze. am<br />
41
teritoriebis drouli <strong>da</strong>rezerveba (bronireba) qalaqTmSeneblobis<br />
aqtualur amocanas warmoadgens.<br />
seismuri <strong>da</strong> sxva saSiSi stiqiuri movlenebis faqtorebis<br />
gamovlenisa <strong>da</strong> kvlevis Sedegad SemuSavebuli rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis<br />
qalaqTgegmarebis procesSi CarTva <strong>da</strong> tipologiis sakiTxebis maTi<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta uzrunvelyofs <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong><br />
industriis usafrTxoebis gazr<strong>da</strong>s.<br />
suraTi 5:. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> seismuri riskisa <strong>da</strong> bunebis seismuri<br />
movlenebis zonirebis ruka<br />
1.2.. kulturul-istoriuli potenciali<br />
<strong>svaneTis</strong> kulturul-istoriuli potenciali <strong>turizmis</strong><br />
ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiTac unikaluri simdidris matarebelia.<br />
istoriuli wyaroebis mixedviT, kavkasionis mTavari qedis<br />
samxreT-aRmosavleT kalTebze <strong>da</strong>saxlebul qarTvelTa tomis,<br />
<strong>svaneTis</strong> istoria iwyeba Cvens welTaRricxvamde mesame<br />
aTaswleulSi. arqeologebis mier aRmoCenili Zveli Zeglebi sof.<br />
lenjerSi miekuTvneba qvis xanas (neoliTs). xolo yvelaze adreuli<br />
cnoba svanTa Sesaxeb gvxvdeba berZen <strong>da</strong> romael istorikosebTan<br />
strabonTan (Zv. w. 64 /63.a.w. 23/24 ww.) <strong>da</strong> pliniusTan (ax.w. 23/24 ww).<br />
42
strabonis mixedviT, svanebi I saukuneSi ,,dioskuriis mTianeTSi<br />
mcxovreb tomTagan' aRematebodnen mezobel tomebs ZaliTa <strong>da</strong><br />
ZlierebiT <strong>da</strong> 200 000 kaciani laSqris Sekreba SeeZloT.<br />
svaneTi, rogorc administraciuli erTeuli, jer kolxeTis,<br />
Semdeg egrisisa <strong>da</strong> afxazeTis (<strong>da</strong> saqarTvelos) samefoebis<br />
SemadgenlobaSi Sedio<strong>da</strong>, bolos feo<strong>da</strong>lur monarqiaSi ki _<br />
saerisTavos .warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />
svanebma qristianoba lazikasTan erTad 523 wels miiRo <strong>da</strong><br />
amitom svanebisaTvis saliteraturo enad imTaviTve saerTo<br />
qarTuli ena iTvlebo<strong>da</strong>. svanebi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebdnen<br />
saqarTvelos Zveli <strong>da</strong> axali samefoebis cxovrebaSi. Savlianebi<br />
afxazeTis mTavrebi <strong>da</strong> mefeebi iyvnen, xolo farjianebi,<br />
var<strong>da</strong>niZeebi <strong>da</strong> gelovanebi iwodebian rogorc <strong>svaneTis</strong>, odiSisa <strong>da</strong><br />
guriis erisTavebad, agreTve erTiani saqarTvelos samefos<br />
meWurWleTuxucesebad <strong>da</strong> man<strong>da</strong>turTuxucesebad.<br />
me-19 saukunis bolos svaneTSi moqmedi 200-mde eklesia-<br />
monasteria, Ees eklesia-monastrebi Tanamedrove saqarTvelos<br />
kulturis saunje <strong>da</strong> saganZuria.<br />
Sua saukuneebis <strong>svaneTis</strong> arqiteqturisa <strong>da</strong> saxviTi<br />
xelovnebis Zeglebi <strong>da</strong> arqeologiuri masala mkafiod<br />
metyvelebs svani xalxis mdi<strong>da</strong>r kulturul warsulze. aq<br />
dRemdea SemorCenili SewirulobebiT mdi<strong>da</strong>ri 70 eklesia <strong>da</strong><br />
mravali sakulto nageboba, maT Soris warmarTuli xasiaTis<br />
niSebic. marto latalis TemSi aRwerilia 24 eklesia, sof. adiSSi –<br />
7 <strong>da</strong> a.S. ZeglTa didi umravlesoba agebulia X-XV saukuneebSi <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>mSvenebulia saqarTvelos feo<strong>da</strong>luri xanisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli<br />
freskuli mxatvrobiT. ifraris, lagurkis (wmin<strong>da</strong> kvirikes) <strong>da</strong><br />
nakifaris eklesiebi samefo karis mxatvris, Tevdores mieraa<br />
moxatuli XI-XII saukuneebis mijnaze, latalis macxvariSis eklesia<br />
miqael maRlakels <strong>da</strong>umSvenebia qristianuli ferweruli naxatebiT<br />
(XII s.) <strong>da</strong> sxva, rac centralur xelisuflebasTan mWidro<br />
43
TanamSromlobaze miuTiTebs. eklesiebis nawili adgilobrivi<br />
mosaxleobis mier aris agebuli <strong>da</strong> moxatuli - sof. uRvalis wm.<br />
giorgis eklesia Zmebs anton <strong>da</strong> miqael umfrianebs (XIV s.)<br />
auSenebiaT, sofel laRamis macxovris eklesia - Salva qirqiSlians<br />
(XV s.), lenjeris muxeris mTavarangelozi - iveldians (XV-XVI s.s.)<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
saqarTvelos mTianeTSi ZvelTaganve arsebuli tradiciis<br />
Tanaxmad, morwmuneni SewirulobebiT amdidrebdnen eklesiebs. am<br />
tradiciis Sedegad <strong>svaneTis</strong> eklesiebSi <strong>da</strong>grovilia morwmuneTa<br />
mier sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva dros Sewiruli mdi<strong>da</strong>ri istoriuli mniSvnelobis<br />
mqone masala Zvirfasi oqro-vercxlis nivTebis, samkaulebis,<br />
sanadiro-saomari iaraRis, jvar-xatebis, nanadirevis rqebis,<br />
numizmatikuri erTeulebis, xelnawerebis <strong>da</strong> sxvaTa saxiT. maTi<br />
didi nawili adgilobrivi nawarmia, nawili ki Semotanili. xatisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Temis ridiT am simdidres XX saukunemde xels aravin axleb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
amJamad eklesiebSi arsebul simdidres saxelmwifo icavs. am<br />
siwmindeebis didi nawili gamofenilia <strong>da</strong>ba mestiaSi <strong>svaneTis</strong><br />
istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi.<br />
svaneTi mdi<strong>da</strong>ria Sua feo<strong>da</strong>luri xanis xuroTmoZRvruli<br />
ZeglebiT, sacxovrebeli kompleqsebiT, koSkebiT, sameurneo<br />
<strong>da</strong>niSnulebis nagebobebiT, originaluri CuqurTmebiT Semkuli<br />
avejiT <strong>da</strong> sayofacxovrebo nivTebiT.<br />
<strong>svaneTis</strong> arqiteqturul Rirebulebebs Soris gamorCeuli<br />
adgili ukavia ganviTarebis istoriuli TviTmyofadobiT<br />
Camoyalibebul, citadelis funqciaSeZenil, didi ojaxisaTvis<br />
gankuTvnil svanur sacxovriss: svanuri sacxovrebeli kompleqsis<br />
erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi nawili koSkia. igi warmoadgens 5X5 m<br />
kveTis mqone oTxkuTxa wakveTili naSeneb piramformis qviT i<strong>da</strong>s,<br />
romlis simaRle 25 metris farglebSi meryeobs. koSki 4 an 5<br />
sarTuliania. ze<strong>da</strong> sarTulze <strong>da</strong>tanebulia sarkmelebi, romelTa<br />
Siga zomebi gareTaze metia, rac mniSvnelovnad afarTovebs<br />
44
mxedvelobis ares <strong>da</strong> zrdis koSkis Tav<strong>da</strong>cvisunarianobas.<br />
ferdobTan axlos agebuli koSki aucileblad wiboTia<br />
orientirebuli ferdobisaken. koSkis sivrculi orientacia,<br />
saZirkvlis naxevrad sferuli forma <strong>da</strong> masiuroba uzrunvelyofs<br />
mis mdgradobas, rac araerTxel <strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sturebula svaneTSi momx<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
stiqiuri movlenebis (zvavi, Rvarcofi <strong>da</strong> sxva) dros. konkretuli<br />
sacxovrebeli (maCubi) didi orsarTuliani Senobaa. pirveli<br />
sarTuli gamoiyenebo<strong>da</strong> sacxovreblad <strong>da</strong> pirutyvis <strong>da</strong>sabinaveblad,<br />
meore sarTulze inaxavdnen Tivas. saxli Tbebo<strong>da</strong> SuacecxliT, aqve<br />
mzaddebo<strong>da</strong> saWmelic. rogorc wesi, saxli midgmuli iyo koSkze.<br />
kompleqss gars ertya galavani, galavans SigniT Tavsdebo<strong>da</strong><br />
eklesia unikaluri jvar-xatebiT <strong>da</strong> siwmindeebiT. pureulis<br />
salewi kalo, dilegebi <strong>da</strong> saidumlo gvirabi, romelic kompleqss<br />
gare samyarosTan akavSireb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
<strong>svaneTis</strong> teritoriaze sakmaod karga<strong>da</strong>a SemorCenili<br />
saguSago –saTvalTvalo koSkebis sistema. saSiSroebis SemTxvevaSi<br />
pirvel koSkze anTebdnen specialurad momzadebul Tivas. alis<br />
<strong>da</strong>naxvisas igive meordebo<strong>da</strong> yovel momdevno koSkze <strong>da</strong> mTeli<br />
xeoba swrafad modio<strong>da</strong> saomar mzadyofnaSi. SezRuduli<br />
xilvadobis SemTxvevaSi signali ga<strong>da</strong>icemo<strong>da</strong> Tofis gasroliT.<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, iyo msxvili safortifikacio nagebobebi,<br />
romlebic kavkasionis uReltexilebs akontrolebdnen. msgavsi<br />
nagebobebis nangrevebi SerCenilia, magaliTad, mdinare tviberis<br />
xeobaSi ori karibWis saxiT.<br />
<strong>svaneTis</strong> istoriisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawilia<br />
musikaluri folklori. <strong>svaneTis</strong> mkacri bunebisa <strong>da</strong> yofis<br />
Sesabamisad, musikaluri folkloric mkacri <strong>da</strong> omaxiania. simRerebi<br />
ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d eZRvneba laSqrobebs, omebs, omis gmirebs, religiur<br />
TariRebs, saxelovan mefeebs (magaliTad Tamar mefes), nadirobis<br />
qalRmerT <strong>da</strong>lis <strong>da</strong> sxva. bevri simRera qristeSobamdea Seqmnili <strong>da</strong><br />
warmarTul elementebsac Seicavs (magaliTad “lile” – eZRvneba<br />
45
mzis RvTaebas, “qalTidi” <strong>da</strong> sxva). roca <strong>svaneTis</strong> cis qveS am<br />
simRerebs ismenT, Semorkaluli xarT Tovliani mTebiT <strong>da</strong><br />
imyofebiT koSkebis “tyveobaSi”, ganicdiT saocar metamorfozas,<br />
kargavT drois ganzomilebas <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>dixarT Suasaukuneebis<br />
samyaroSi.<br />
1.3. socialur-ekonomikuri winapirobebi;<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> sameurneo saqmianoba mimdinare etapze<br />
mTlianad aris <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli orografiaze <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad mcire<br />
zomebiTa <strong>da</strong> diskretulobiT gamoirCeva. svaneTSi saxnav-saTesi<br />
miwebi kerZo sakuTrebaSi, xolo saTib-saZovrebi <strong>da</strong> tye _ saerTo<br />
saTemo sargeblobaSia. amis gar<strong>da</strong>, arsebobs xatis tye <strong>da</strong> miwa,<br />
romelic eklesiis moTxovnebisa <strong>da</strong> religiuri<br />
dResaswaulebisaTvis gamoiyeneba. trdiciuli wesebiT xorcieldeba<br />
saTib-saZovarTa <strong>da</strong> tyiT sargeblobis, saZovrebis monacvleobis,<br />
miwis ganawilebis, nakveTebis, sazRvris <strong>da</strong>dgenis <strong>da</strong> sxva sameurneo<br />
sakiTxebi.<br />
socialur-ekonomikuri winapirobebi : <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> sameurneo<br />
saqmianoba mimdinare etapze mTlianad aris <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli<br />
orografiaze <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad mcire zomebiTa <strong>da</strong> diskretulobiT<br />
gamoirCeva. svaneTSi saxnav-saTesi miwebi kerZo sakuTrebaSi, xolo<br />
saTib-saZovrebi <strong>da</strong> tye _ saerTo saTemo sargeblobaSia. amis gar<strong>da</strong>,<br />
arsebobs xatis tye <strong>da</strong> miwa, romelic eklesiis moTxovnebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
religiuri dResaswaulebisaTvis gamoiyeneba. trdiciuli wesebiT<br />
xorcieldeba saTib-saZovarTa <strong>da</strong> tyiT sargeblobis, saZovrebis<br />
monacvleobis, miwis ganawilebis, nakveTebis, sazRvris <strong>da</strong>dgenis <strong>da</strong><br />
sxva sameurneo sakiTxebi.<br />
memkvidreobiT miRebuli mamulis <strong>da</strong>kanonebas svanebi savaldebulod<br />
ar miiCnevdnen, am kuTxeSi miwa arsebobis mTavari wyaroa, miwis<br />
TiToeul gojs zustad gawerili sameurneo <strong>da</strong>niSnuleba aqvs,<br />
zogierT adgilze kartofilis kargi mosavali modis, zogan ki<br />
46
lobio an fetvi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>iTesos. svaneTSi mcxovreb ojaxs<br />
aucileblad un<strong>da</strong> hqondes saTibi, radgan grZeli <strong>da</strong> mkacri<br />
zamTris pirobebSi saqoneli TiviT un<strong>da</strong> gamokvebon.<br />
- rom turistuli infrastruqturis ganviTareba maTTvis miwis<br />
warTmevis xarjze mimdinareobs:<br />
- istoriulad, svaneTSi saxnav-saTesi miwebi kerZo sakuTrebaSi<br />
iyo, saTib-saZovrebi <strong>da</strong> tye ki, saerTo saTemo sargeblobaSi. gar<strong>da</strong><br />
amisa, arsebob<strong>da</strong> e.w. xatis tye <strong>da</strong> miwa, romelic eklesiis<br />
moTxovnebisa <strong>da</strong> religiuri dResaswaulebisTvis gamoiyenebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
saTib-saZovriTa <strong>da</strong> tyiT sargeblobis process, saZovrebis<br />
monacvleobis, miwis ganawilebis Tu nakveTebis sazRvris <strong>da</strong>dgenis<br />
sakiTxebs tradiciulad maxvSi aregulireb<strong>da</strong>. kuTvnili nakveTebis<br />
sazRvrebis Taobaze adgilobrivebi erTmaneTSi arian SeTanxmebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> rogorc Tavad amboben, svaneTSi miwis nakveTi SemoRobili<br />
aravis aqvs. "haRvrolai" sxvisi kuTvnili miwis sazRvris <strong>da</strong>mrRvevs<br />
niSnavs <strong>da</strong> svaneTSi yvelaze Seuracxmyofel sityvad iTvleba.<br />
sameurneo saqmianobisaTvis ara nakleb aris ganpirobebuli<br />
agreTve vertikaluri zonalobiT. <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTi zomierad<br />
civ mTa-tyian, mTa-velian <strong>da</strong> mTa-mdelos nia<strong>da</strong>gur klimatur zonas<br />
ganekuTvneba, xolo meurneobis Sesabamisi <strong>da</strong>rgebi _ mexileoba,<br />
mesaqonleoba <strong>da</strong> mebostneoba adgilobrivi bazris moTxovna-<br />
miwodebis moculobi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare ver iZleva ekonomikuri<br />
ganviTarebis saTanado masStabbs.<br />
saSualo xelfasi saxelmwifo seqtorSi aSS dolarze<br />
gaangariSebiT 95 Seadgens, xolo kerZo seqtorSi – 120<br />
dolars. saSualo wliuri Semosavali erT sul mosaxleze<br />
gaangariSebiT, eqspertuli gaTvlebis Tanaxmad, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 300<br />
dolars Seadgens.<br />
47
Semosavlebis warmodgenili mwiri maCvenebeli TviT<strong>da</strong>saqmebis<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo struqturasTan, mis xvedriT wilTan <strong>da</strong> am<br />
sferos ara sakmaris ganviTarebasTan aris <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli.<br />
<strong>da</strong>saqmebulTa ricxvSi didi xvedriTi wili uWiravT<br />
TviT<strong>da</strong>saqmebulebs (84.1%), es aris ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d soflebis<br />
mosaxleoba, visac aqvs 1 heqtari an meti farTobi miwis nakveTi.<br />
mravalferovnebiT ar gamoirCeva <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi eTnikuri<br />
Semadgenloba. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> mosaxleoba uaRresad erTgvarovania:<br />
_ 2002 wlis aRweram aq 14,261 mosaxli<strong>da</strong>n, sul aRricxa 12 afxazi, 3<br />
osi, 11 somexi, 52 rusi <strong>da</strong> 1 ukraineli.<br />
igive, 2002 wlis aRweram mosaxleobis ganaTlebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, Semdegi suraTi <strong>da</strong>afiqsira:<br />
• umaRlesi _ 1, 623 (12,5 %);<br />
• <strong>da</strong>umTavrebeli umaRlesi _ 371 (2,9%);<br />
• saSualo profesiuli _ 1, 579 (12,2%);<br />
• saSualo sruli zogadi _ 4, 448 (34,4%);<br />
• sabazo zogadi _ 1, 387 (10,7%);<br />
• <strong>da</strong>wyebiTi zogadi _ 2, 036 (15,7%).<br />
meores mxriv, <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTi saqarTvelos im regionTa ricxvs<br />
miekuTvneba, romelTa socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis<br />
prioritetebi, dRevandeli CamorCenilobis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, sruliad<br />
mkafiod ikveTeba. es prioritetebi efuZneba <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> rogorc<br />
bunebriv resursebs, ise kulturul <strong>da</strong> istoriul memkvidreobas.<br />
mxaris Semdgomi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan<br />
resurss Seicavs <strong>svaneTis</strong> energetikuli potenciali. <strong>zemo</strong><br />
svaneTs wylis resursebis didi maragi gaaCnia, mdinare engurs ki<br />
48
wyaluxvobiT pirveli adgili ukavia qveyanaSi. angariSgasawevia<br />
agreTve mineraluri wylebis siuxve, romelTa raodenoba 200-s<br />
aRemateba. mestia cnobilia agreTve oqros, vercxlis, molibdenis,<br />
baritis, <strong>da</strong>riSxnis, volfranis, marmarilos sabadoebiT.<br />
Tumca umTavresi, rac <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> ekonomikas gaaZlierebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> stimuls miscems mxaris ekonomikuri potencialis kompleqsur<br />
ganviTarebas, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong> aris turizmi.<br />
am sferosTan uSualo<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli adgilobrivi sasoflo-<br />
sameurneo produqciis moxmareba <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad warmoeba. miT<br />
ufro, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT iqauri produqtebis _ xorcis, rZis,<br />
kartofilis, Taflis, Tevzis xarisxs <strong>da</strong> adgilobrivi samzareulos<br />
Taviseburebas. am mxriv perspeqtiulia am nedleulis ga<strong>da</strong>muSaveba<br />
<strong>da</strong> eqsporti. <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis kvalobaze, ekonomiurad<br />
momgebiani iqneba sakalmaxe meurneobebis mowyoba, ris praqtikac<br />
saqarTveloSi arsebobs. mosawyobia samonadireo meurneobebic _<br />
egerTa momsaxurebis CaTvliT.<br />
ekonomikis ganviTarebis seriozul rezervs <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi<br />
arsebuli wyaroebis bazaze mineraluri wylis CamosxmasTan<br />
erToblobaSi, warmoadgens agreTve klimaturi <strong>da</strong> balneologiuri<br />
sakurorto resursebi,.<br />
gansakuTrebiT perspeqtiulia md. enguris energoresursebis<br />
gamoyeneba; am mxriv hidroeleqtrosadgurebis kaskadi principulad<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvet<strong>da</strong> saqarTveloSi eleqtroenergiis warmoebis amocanas.<br />
Tanamedrove midgomas saWiroebs iseTi Zvirfasi bunebrivi<br />
resursebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa xe-tye, gansakuTrebiT misi<br />
unikaluri jiSebi. <strong>da</strong>sanergia adgilze xe-tyis <strong>da</strong>muSavebis<br />
Tanamedrove, unarCeno teqnologia nacvlad morebis gatanis<br />
49
dRevandeli praqtikisa. paralelurad asamoqmedebelia tye-<br />
koromebis aRdgenis miviwyebuli praqtika.<br />
1..4. demografiuli mdgomareoba <strong>da</strong> gansaxlebis sistema<br />
saqarTvelos sxva maRalmTiani regionebisgan gansxvavebiT, <strong>zemo</strong><br />
<strong>svaneTis</strong> demografiuli mdgomareoba, saarsebo resursebTan<br />
mimarTebaSi yovelTvis <strong>da</strong>balansebulad warmodgebo<strong>da</strong>. amgvari<br />
suraTi arc bolo droindelma socialur-ekonomikurma Zvrebma<br />
Secvala radikalurad.<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> mudmivi mosaxleobis raodenoba saqarTvelos<br />
mosaxleobis 2002 wlis pirveli erovnuli aRweris monacemebiT<br />
14, 248 a<strong>da</strong>mians Seadgen<strong>da</strong> (6,899 mamakaci <strong>da</strong> 7,349 qali);<br />
aqve un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos, rom mosaxleobis <strong>da</strong>fiqsirebuli<br />
maqsimaluri raodenoba 1889 wlis monacemebiT aRiricxeba <strong>da</strong> 17,<br />
597 mosaxles Seadgens, am periodebs ganekuTvneba <strong>da</strong>ba mestiis<br />
monacemebic, romelic Sesabamisad Seadgens: 1989 w._ 2, 763 kacs,<br />
xolo 2002 w. _2, 575 kacs; aRniSnuli mcire gansxvavebebi zonaSi<br />
mosaxleobis stabilurobasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>balansebulobaze migvaniSnebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> am TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba mravalmxriv yuradsaRebad miviCnioT.<br />
raionSi cxovrobs <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 3000 iZulebiT ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebuli<br />
piri. eseni arian devnilebi mezobeli afxazeTi<strong>da</strong>n. aRweraSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>fiqsirebulia 3,950 ojaxi. ojaxis saSualo moculoba<br />
saqarTvelos <strong>da</strong>narCen nawilSi mcxovrebi ojaxebis moculobaze<br />
metia. aq ojaxi 3-is nacvlad 6 wevrisagan Sedgeba.<br />
mosaxleobis simWidrovis maCvenebelia 4,68 piri 1 kvadratul<br />
kilometrze.<br />
mestiis municipalitetSi gansaxlebis sistemas dRes<br />
qmnis 1 <strong>da</strong>ba (mestia), 15 Temi, 134 sofeli.<br />
50
svanuri soflebi mWidro <strong>da</strong>saxlebiT gamoirCeea. Tumca Tavad<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxlebuli punqtebi mcire zomiT xasiaTdebian, vinai<strong>da</strong>n miwis<br />
farTobi didi <strong>da</strong>saxlebuli punqtebis warmoqmnis saSualebas ar<br />
iZleva <strong>da</strong> amasTan Tavad soflebs Soris sameurneod gamosadegi<br />
teritoriebi saxnav-saTess <strong>da</strong> saTib-saZovrebs ukaviaT.<br />
orografiuli TvalsazrisiT sameurneod gamosadegi teritoriebis<br />
arc Tu ise mcire nawili saerTo saTemo sargeblobaSi arsebul<br />
tyeebs, agreTve xatis tyesa <strong>da</strong> miwas ukavia, romelic eklesiis<br />
moTxovnebis <strong>da</strong> religiuri dResaswaulebisTvis gamoiyeneba. XIX s.<br />
bolos svaneTSi asormocze meti sofeli iyo.<br />
1.5. sakanonmdeblo-normatiuli baza<br />
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis politikur neba _ maqsimalurad<br />
Seuwyos xeli qveynis socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebas, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
mniSvnelovan segments sakurorto-turistuli <strong>da</strong> rekreaciuli<br />
infrastruqturis ganviTareba warmoadgens, upirveles yovlisa<br />
qveynis sakanonmdeblo-normatiul bazaSi aisaxeba;<br />
saqarTveloSi amJamad moqmedebs naTlad gansazRvruli <strong>da</strong><br />
mkafiod ierarqizebuli sakanonmdeblo-normatiuli sistema, romlis<br />
Semadgenel bevr normatiul aqts Tavis mxriv sivrciTi-gegmarebiTi<br />
mniSvneloba gaaCnia <strong>da</strong> amdenad isini qalaqmaformirebeli<br />
Sinaarsisaa.<br />
• am sistemaSi umaRlesi ierarqiuli poziciis mqone saqarTvelos<br />
konstituciis mixedviT _<br />
_ muxli 37 adgens:<br />
3. yvelas aqvs ufleba cxovrobdes janmrTelobisaTvis uvnebel<br />
garemoSi, sargeblobdes bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> kulturuli garemoTi; yvela<br />
valdebulia gaufrTxildes bunebriv <strong>da</strong> kulturul garemos.<br />
51
4. a<strong>da</strong>mianis janmrTelobisaTvis usafrTxo garemos<br />
uzrunvelsayofad, sazogadoebis ekologiuri <strong>da</strong> ekonomikuri<br />
interesebis Sesabamisad, axlandeli <strong>da</strong> momavali Taobebis<br />
interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs garemos<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvasa <strong>da</strong> racionalur bunebaTsargeblobas<br />
. _ muxli 31 adgens:<br />
`saxelmwifo zrunavs qveynis mTeli teritoriis Tanabari<br />
socialur_ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis. maRalmTiani regionebis<br />
socialur_ekonomikuri progresis uzrunvelsayofad~,<br />
SemuSavebulia saqarTvelos kanoni `maRalmTiani regionebis<br />
socialur_ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> kulturuli ganviTarebis Sesaxeb~ ( 1999<br />
w.). es kanoni xels uwyobs: <strong>turizmis</strong>, sakurorto <strong>da</strong> rekreaciuli<br />
meurneobis ganviTarebas; bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> istoriul_arqiteqturuli<br />
Zeglebis <strong>da</strong>cvas, restavracias <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> samsaxurSi CarTvas;<br />
samTo_saTxilamuro <strong>da</strong> sportis sxva saxeobebis ganviTarebas;<br />
arqeologiuri kvleva_Ziebis warmatebiT warmarTvas; maRalmTiani<br />
regionebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli tradiciuli Sina-rewvis<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>rgebis (meTuneoba, Weduroba, xeze kveta, meWurWleoba,<br />
qsova, qargva, nabdis Telva, xalxuri sakravebis warmoeba <strong>da</strong> sxva)<br />
ganviTarebas, saxalxo ostatebTan Segirdul swavlebas; mcire <strong>da</strong><br />
saSualo biznesisa <strong>da</strong> mewarmeobis ganviTarebas adgilobrivi<br />
bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> SromiTi resursebis racionaluri gamoyenebis gziT;<br />
maRalmTiani regionebis mosaxleobis sayofacxovrebo <strong>da</strong> sameurneo<br />
saqmianobis eleqtroenergiiT uzrunvelsayofad mcire simZlavris<br />
eleqtrosadgurebis mSeneblobis <strong>da</strong> energiis ganaxlebadi wyaroebis<br />
gamoyenebis proeqtebis <strong>da</strong>finansebas; kadrebis momzadebas<br />
maRalmTiani regionebis mdgradi ganviTarebis mizniT; maRalmTian r<br />
egionebSi <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis kategoriebis ganviTarebas~.<br />
saqarTvelos kanoni `<strong>turizmis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> kurortebis Sesaxeb~ (1997<br />
w.) iZleva `turistis~ normatiul ganmartebas; es aris .`fizikuri<br />
52
piri, romelic nebayoflobiT mogzaurobs mudmivi sacxovrebeli<br />
adgilis farglebs gareT, <strong>da</strong>svenebis, gajansaRebis, saqmiani an sxva<br />
mizniT, aranakleb 24 saaTis <strong>da</strong> araumetes erTi wlis vadiT <strong>da</strong><br />
romlis mogzaurobas ar anazRaurdeba droebiTi yofnis adgilis<br />
safinanso wyaroebi<strong>da</strong>n~ (m.2.2.). aqvea motanili `kurortis~<br />
ganmarteba _ `sakurorto adgili, romelzec ganlagebulia<br />
samkurnalo <strong>da</strong> gamajansaRebeli <strong>da</strong>wesebuleba, nageboba <strong>da</strong><br />
infrastruqturis sxva obieqtebi~ (m. 2.7)<br />
amave sakanonmdeblo bazis ganviTarebas emsaxureba<br />
saqarTvelos kanoni `kurortebisa <strong>da</strong> sakurorto adgilebis<br />
sanitaruli <strong>da</strong>cvis zonebis Sesaxeb~ (1998 w.).<br />
.saqarTvelos prezidentis mier 2003 wels <strong>da</strong>mtkic<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>muSav<strong>da</strong>. `saqarTveloSi <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis erovnuli<br />
koncefcia <strong>da</strong> samoqmedo programa~. mas safuZvlad <strong>da</strong>edo qarTveli<br />
<strong>da</strong> ucxoeli eqspertebis mier momzadebuli Semdegi masalebi:<br />
`<strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTareba <strong>da</strong> sastumroTa qselis Seqmna<br />
saqarTveloSi~ _ aSS-s vaWrobisa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis saagento (TDA)<br />
_ 1998 w.;<br />
_ `saqarTvelos turizmi~ _ israelis <strong>turizmis</strong> saministro_ 1999 w.;<br />
`strategiuli rCevebi saqarTveloSi <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebisTvis~<br />
_ (TACIS) _ 2000 w.;<br />
`<strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis strategia~ (TACIS) _ 2001 w.<br />
saqarTvelos prezidentma 2005 wlis 29 noembers saqarTveloSi<br />
turistuli infrastruqturis ganviTarebis mizniT brZanebuleba #<br />
968 gamosca `saqarTvelos kurortebis, sakurorto adgilebis, Savi<br />
zRvis sanapiro teritoriis <strong>da</strong> samTo_saTxilamuro centrebisaTvis<br />
sarekreacio teritoriis statusis miniWebisa <strong>da</strong> sazRvrebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>mtkicebis Sesaxeb~.<br />
debuleba `kurortebSi, kurortebis sanitaruli <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
zonebSi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cul teritoriebze atmosferuli haeris <strong>da</strong>cvis<br />
53
gansakuTrebuli moTxovnebis Sesaxeb~ adgens, rom kurortebSi<br />
wesdeba mavne nivTierebaTa zRvrulad <strong>da</strong>saSvebi koncentraciis<br />
Semamcirebeli koeficienti 0,8. atmosferuli haeris <strong>da</strong>binZurebis<br />
Sefasebas aregulirebs `atmosferuli haeris mavne nivTierebebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>binZurebis indeqsis gamoTvlis wesi~ (2001 w.).<br />
debuleba `saxelmwifo ekologiuri eqspertizis Catarebis<br />
wesis Sesaxeb~ (2003 wlis 14 agvisto) iTxovs `saqmianobaTa~<br />
saxeobebis `garemoze <strong>zemo</strong>qmedebis Sefasebas~. amasTan, `saqmianobad~<br />
iTvleba iseTi qmedebebi, rogoricaa: ` gansaxlebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
ganviTarebis gegmebisa <strong>da</strong> proeqtebis ganxorcieleba,<br />
infrastruqturuli proeqtebis, ganaSenianebisa <strong>da</strong> seqtoruli<br />
ganviTarebis gegmebis SemuSavebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli saqmianoba~.<br />
debuleba `saxelmwifo tyisa <strong>da</strong> saxelmwifo tyis fondis<br />
miwebis sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgenisa <strong>da</strong> Secvlis Sesaxeb.~. (2002 w).<br />
gansakuTrebulad sayuradReboa <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi saxelmwifo tyis<br />
fondis arsebobis gamo.<br />
saqarTvelos kanoni `wylis Sesaxeb~ (1997 w.) adgens<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>piruli wylis obieqtebis kategoriebs, maTi <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong><br />
movla_patronobis pirobebs.<br />
qalaqgegmarebis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani kanonis muxli<br />
14, p.3 moiTxovs wylis <strong>da</strong>cvis RonisZiebaTa <strong>da</strong>gegmvas <strong>da</strong><br />
integrirebas:<br />
debuleba `wyal<strong>da</strong>cviTi zolis Sesaxeb~ <strong>da</strong>mtkicebulia 1998 w<br />
7 maiss.<br />
saqarTvelos kanoni `saqarTvelis zRvisa <strong>da</strong> mdinareTa<br />
napirebis regulirebisa <strong>da</strong> sainJinro <strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb~ (2000 w.).<br />
adgens <strong>da</strong>saxlebaTa teritoriis zonirebis specifikur pirobebs.<br />
.1..6.. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> SWOT _ analizi<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> sakurorto-turistuli <strong>da</strong> rekreaciuli<br />
ganviTarebis <strong>da</strong>debiTi <strong>da</strong> uaryofiTi mxareebi Sefasebvulia SWOT*<br />
_ analizis meSveobiT<br />
54
--------------------------------<br />
SWOT _ asaxavs inglisur abreviaturas:: S(Strong) anu `Zlieri~;<br />
W(Wea) _ `susti~; OO(Oportunities) _ `SesaZleblobebi~; T(Threat) _<br />
`safrTxe~.<br />
Zlieri mxareebi <strong>da</strong><br />
SesaZleblobebi<br />
S O<br />
1. Kkargi <strong>da</strong> unikaluri<br />
bunebriv_klimaturi<br />
pirobebi, alpuri zona -<br />
samkurnalo mcenareebiT;<br />
2. landSafturi<br />
teritoriebis<br />
mravalferovneba:<br />
xelTuqmneli<br />
unikaluri bunebrivi<br />
landSaftebi<br />
3. haerisa <strong>da</strong> nia<strong>da</strong>gis<br />
<strong>da</strong>binZurebis<br />
mniSvnelovani wyaroebis<br />
ararseboba<br />
4. Termuli <strong>da</strong> mineraluri<br />
wyaroebis siaxlove<br />
5. <strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis<br />
ganviTarebis winapirobebi<br />
<strong>da</strong> ekologiuri derefnis<br />
formirebis<br />
SesaZleblobebi;<br />
6. gansaxlebis<br />
mikrosistemaSi<br />
CarTuloba, qveynis<br />
sivrciT-gegmarebiTi<br />
integracia;<br />
7. energoresursebiT<br />
uzrunvelyofa energiis<br />
alternatiuli wyaroebis<br />
gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba<br />
(mzis energia, qaris<br />
energia, nakeli)<br />
susti mxareebi <strong>da</strong><br />
sirTuleebi<br />
1.<br />
2.<br />
3.<br />
4.<br />
5.<br />
6.<br />
W T<br />
`axali Taobis~ qalaqgegmarebiTi<br />
dokumentaciis<br />
ararseboba<br />
Aaxali moTxovnebis<br />
Sesabamisi gegmarebiTi<br />
struqturis<br />
mouwesrigebloba<br />
arasamTavrobo <strong>da</strong> saTemo<br />
organizaciebis<br />
ararseboba<br />
sazogadoebrivi<br />
sivrceebis<br />
ganuviTarebloba<br />
Si<strong>da</strong>sasakomunikacio<br />
sazogadoebrivi<br />
transportis ararseboba<br />
mezobel soflebTan<br />
satransporto kavSirebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>bali done<br />
7. sazafxulo sportis Ria<br />
moednebis nakleboba (mini<br />
fexburTi, kalaTburTi,<br />
frenburTi, CogburTi <strong>da</strong><br />
sxva).<br />
8. brendis arseboba 8. saqonlisgan<br />
<strong>da</strong>binZureba<br />
quCebis<br />
9. istoriul-kulturuli<br />
<strong>masobrivi</strong> iaffasiani<br />
memkvidreobis,<br />
9. turistuli bazebis<br />
arqiteqturisa <strong>da</strong><br />
(banakebis) simcire <strong>da</strong><br />
55
istoriis niSnis mqone<br />
obieqtTa arseboba.<br />
10. mZlavri<br />
turistul_rekreaciuli<br />
potenciali; kulturuli<br />
turizmi, eko-turizmi,<br />
eqstremaluri turizmi,<br />
rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>svenebis turizmi,<br />
samkurnalo turizmi,<br />
agro-turizmi,<br />
samonadireo turizmi,<br />
sacxenosno turizmi.<br />
11. `kolxeTis erovnuli<br />
parkis~; “anakliis”<br />
sazRvao kurortis<br />
siaxlove <strong>da</strong> masTan<br />
turistuli kooperirebis<br />
SesaZlebloba<br />
12. samTo <strong>turizmis</strong>a <strong>da</strong><br />
kulturuli memkvidreobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>interesebisadmi<br />
tradiciis arseboba;<br />
turistebis maspinZlobis<br />
xangrZlivi gamocdileba<br />
masStaburi sportuli<br />
13. Sejibrebis Catarebis<br />
potenciuri SesaZlebloba<br />
14. სამთო-სათხილამურო<br />
სპორტის გაძლიერება;<br />
samTo-saTxilamuro<br />
sportis teqnikuri<br />
uzrunvelyofa (sabagiro<br />
gzebis mSenebloba<br />
15. sastumroebis qselis<br />
swrafi ganviTareba<br />
16. sakonferencio centris<br />
funqciis ganviTareba<br />
17. საგზაო ინფრასტრუქტურის<br />
მშენებლობა–რეაბილიტაციის<br />
მიმდინარე სამუშაოები;<br />
საავტომობილო სატრანსპორტო<br />
მომსახურების გაუმჯობესება<br />
10.<br />
11.<br />
12.<br />
13.<br />
14.<br />
15.<br />
16.<br />
17.<br />
mouvleloba<br />
socialuri<br />
infrastruqturis (m.S.<br />
sazkvebis obieqtebis,<br />
sazogadoebrivi<br />
tualetebis, qselis,<br />
garTobis obieqtebis,)<br />
CamorCeniloba<br />
adgilze makontrolebeli<br />
arqiteqturulqalaqTmSeneblobiTi<br />
samsaxuris ararseboba.<br />
are keTilmowyobis (nagvis<br />
konteinerebis, skamebis,<br />
ganaTebis) usistemoba<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo<br />
produqtis bazris<br />
mouwyobloba<br />
_ sagzao moZraobis<br />
gazrdilma moculobam<br />
SeiZleba gamoiwvios<br />
regionisTvis endemuri<br />
jiSebis<br />
populaciebis Semcireba;<br />
_ zamTris mZime<br />
klimaturi pirobebi<br />
transportisaTvis;<br />
savaWro obieqtebis m<strong>da</strong>re<br />
esTetikuri saxe<br />
56
18. “ანაკლია– ზუგდიდი–<br />
მესტიის” <strong>da</strong> “ქუთაისი-<br />
ცაგერი-ლენტეხი-უშგულის”<br />
გზების რეაბილიტაციის<br />
სტიმულირება;<br />
19. teqnikurad gamarTuli<br />
aeroporti<br />
1000 m sigrZis<br />
20. სასოფლო-სამეურნეო<br />
ნატურალური და<br />
ეკოლოგიური პროდუქციის<br />
წარმოება და მისი<br />
21<br />
რეალიზაციის შესაძლებლობა;<br />
ზემო სვანეთის პროდუქციის<br />
გატანის ხელშეწყობა შიდა და<br />
უცხოურ ბაზარზე;<br />
18. <strong>da</strong>bis quCebSi qveiTTa <strong>da</strong><br />
avtomobilebis,<br />
marxilebis, saqonlis<br />
moZraobis gaumijnaoba<br />
19.<br />
20.<br />
sainJinro<br />
infrastruqturis <strong>da</strong>bali<br />
done, wyalsaden-<br />
kanalizaciis moSliloba.<br />
samisamarTo sistemis<br />
Camouyalibebloba<br />
21.<br />
_ satrnsporto<br />
saSualebebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis sezonuri<br />
SezRudva an SezRuduli<br />
saxeobebis gatareba;<br />
22 _ ეკონომიკის გამოცოცხლება; 22. myari sayofacxovrebo<br />
narCenebis marTvis<br />
sistemis ararseboba<br />
23 saga<strong>da</strong>saxado bazis<br />
23 sportuli nagebobebis<br />
gafarToebis perspeqtiva<br />
24 mzardi interesi uZravi<br />
qonebis SeZenisa <strong>da</strong><br />
ganviTarebis<br />
TvalsazrisiT<br />
25 Qუცხოური<br />
ზრდა<br />
ინვესტიციების<br />
26 ადგილობრივი მოსახლეობის<br />
დასაქმება;<br />
4.<br />
nakleboba<br />
25 savelosipedo bilikebis<br />
ararseboba<br />
_ ekologiuri<br />
wonasworobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>rRvevis riski;<br />
<strong>zemo</strong>Tmoyvanil winapirobaTa SWOT analizis Sedegad, erTis mxriv,<br />
Zlieri mxareebisa <strong>da</strong> SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba, xolo meore<br />
mxriv, susti mxareebisa <strong>da</strong> safrTxeebis Serbileba mxolod erTiani<br />
kompleqsuri gegmarebiTi dokumentis _ “<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong><br />
miwaTmowyobis generaluri gegmis: farglebSi <strong>da</strong>saxuli Semdegi<br />
strategiuli mimarTu¬lebebiT iqneba SesaZlebeli:<br />
1. qalaqTmSeneblobiTi teritoriis kompleqsuri analizi;<br />
2. qalaqTmSeneblobiT ganviTarebis strategiuli mimarTulebebi;<br />
57
3. bunebisa <strong>da</strong> kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis <strong>da</strong>cva;<br />
4. sarekreacio zonebis gamoyofa:<br />
5. socialuri infrastruqturis ganviTareba:<br />
6. teritoriis bunebrivi karkasis gaTvaliswineba;<br />
7. satransporto infrastruqturis ganviTareba;<br />
8. teritoriebis drouli <strong>da</strong>rezerveba;<br />
9. qalaqTmSeneblobiTi tipologia sakurorto-sarekreacio<br />
profilisa <strong>da</strong> maTi sakurorto meurneobis organizaciis<br />
Sesabamisad;<br />
10. sakurorto-sarekriacio raionebis <strong>da</strong>gegmarebis formebi <strong>da</strong><br />
maTi adgili gegmarebiTi samuSaoebis taqsonometriul<br />
sistemaSi.<br />
Tavi II<br />
<strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> qalaqgegmarebiTi organizacia<br />
mTiani regionebSi.<br />
<strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> intensiurma ganviTarebam<br />
msoflioSi ganapiroba mTis regionebis swrafi ganviTareba <strong>da</strong> xeli<br />
Seuwyo mTaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> samTo <strong>turizmis</strong><br />
popularizacias. samTo turizmi moicavs iseT saxeobebs,<br />
rogoricaa: samTo-saTxilamuro turizmi, mTis laSqroba, kldeze<br />
cocva, deltaplanizmi, speleologiuri turizmi, paraplanizmi,<br />
sacxenosno, samanqano turizmi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
bolo ormoc<strong>da</strong>aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi fenomenaluri zrdis<br />
Sedegad turistuli industria msoflioSi gax<strong>da</strong> ufro metad<br />
kompleqsuri <strong>da</strong> rTuli.. am etapze man miaRwia iseT dones, rodesac<br />
aucilebeli gax<strong>da</strong> tradiciuli <strong>da</strong> Tanamedrove bazris segmentebis<br />
kvlevebis aqtivizacia samomxmareblo moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
mniSvnelovan amocanas warmoadgens teritoriis turistuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>raioneba, ris Sedega<strong>da</strong>c SesaZlebeli gaxdeba ufro efeqturad,<br />
sxva ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong>rgebisaTvis zians miuyeneblad <strong>da</strong> bunebaze<br />
58
minimaluri <strong>zemo</strong>qmedebiT gamoviyenoT teritoriebi a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />
<strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> maTi kulturis ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom saqarTveloში (maT Soris svaneTSi)<br />
სამთო turizmi Tavisi bunebriv-klimaturi potenciali<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamomdinare iyos mravalferovani: sportuli, rekriciuli, saqmiani,<br />
profesiul-gamoyenebiTi, komerciuli, kulturul-saganmanaTleblo,<br />
reabilitaciuri, saSemswavleblo, saeqskursio, samxareTmcodneo,<br />
gasarTobi, saTavga<strong>da</strong>savlo, kombinirebuli, programuli <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />
saqarTveklos samTo turizmSi ganviTarebis didi perspeqtivebi<br />
gaaCnia saTavga<strong>da</strong>savlo turizms, mogzaurobas, mTebis <strong>da</strong>laSqvras,<br />
TxilamurebiT srials, cxenebiT jiriTs, specialuri <strong>da</strong>interesebis<br />
turizms (Rvinis moyvarulTaTvis <strong>da</strong> gurmanebisaTvis, foto<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>mReblebisaTvis <strong>da</strong> sxva).<br />
Cveni qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebisTvis mniSvnelovania is rom,<br />
saqarTvelos ekonomika sakmaod diversificirebulia. Tavis mxriv<br />
turistuli industriaც Tavisi SinaarsiT diversificirebuli<br />
ekonomikis ganviTarebas uwyobs xels. warmatebuli turistuli<br />
saqmianoba Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs masTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebul ekonomikis<br />
mravali sferos ganviTarebas, magaliTad: soflis meurneobas,<br />
vaWrobas, medicinas, momsaxureobas, adgilobrivi mrewvelobas <strong>da</strong><br />
sxva. Tavad turistuli industriis Semadgeneli nawilebia<br />
samewarmeo saqmianobis Semdegi saxeebi: sastumroebis industria,<br />
kvebis sistemebi, gasarTobi <strong>da</strong> atraqcionebis sistemebi, saeqskursio<br />
<strong>da</strong> sareklamo saqmianoba, <strong>turizmis</strong> infrastruqtura, sabanko,<br />
safinanso, sainformacio momsaxureoba <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />
<strong>zemo</strong>T aRniSnuli<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, im rolis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
rac masobriv <strong>da</strong>svenebasa <strong>da</strong> turizms aqvs mikuTvnebuli, rogorc<br />
59
msoflio ekonomikaSi, aseve qveynis ganviTarebis erTian<br />
strategiaSi, miT umetes mimdinare – ekonomikisa <strong>da</strong> sazogadoebis<br />
kompleqsuri transformaciis periodSi, Zalze aqtualur<br />
xasiaTs iZens, gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelos mTian <strong>da</strong> maRalmTian<br />
regionebSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> qalaqgegmarebiTi<br />
organizaciis kvleva. sa<strong>da</strong>c kompleqsuri strategiis gamoyenebis<br />
safuZvelze SesaZlebeli iqneba, rogorc arsebuli potencialis<br />
optimaluri gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cva, aseve regionis saerTo<br />
ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba <strong>da</strong> mosaxleobis<br />
cxovrebis donis mkveTri amaRleba.<br />
2.1. mTiani regionebSi Tanamedrove <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis<br />
ZiriTadi tendenciebi (saerTaSoriso praqtika)<br />
amJamad msoflios turistuli industriis ZiriTad regions<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleTi evropa warmoadgens. am regionis xvedriTi wili 60-iani<br />
wlebis <strong>da</strong>swyisSi msoflio <strong>turizmis</strong> nakadebis 60% aWarbeb<strong>da</strong>,<br />
xolo 90-ani wlebisaTvis a.S.S.-s, avstraliisa <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />
ganviTarebuli qveynebis konkurenciis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vaT 65-70%-mde<br />
gaizar<strong>da</strong>.<br />
evropuli <strong>turizmis</strong> bumi, romelic ukve ramdenime aTeul<br />
wels gautol<strong>da</strong>, Semdegi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mizeziT SeiZleba ganimartos:<br />
1. saukeTeso pirobebis mqone mravalferovani rekriaciuli<br />
raionebis didi raodenoba <strong>da</strong>svenebis, mkurnalobis,<br />
organizebuli eqskursiebisa <strong>da</strong> mogzaurobisaTvis;<br />
2. erTmaneTis mimarT evropis qveynebis geografiuli siaxlove;<br />
3. mosaxleobis ZiriTadi nawilis cxovrebis maRali done;<br />
4. satransporto kavSirebisa <strong>da</strong> komunikaciebis ganviTarebuli<br />
qselebi;<br />
5. Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mcire teritoriaze kulturul-istoriul <strong>da</strong><br />
bunebis Zeglebis didi koncentracia;<br />
6. saqalaqo <strong>da</strong>saxlebebis maRali simWidrove;<br />
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7. <strong>turizmis</strong> industriis maRali done <strong>da</strong> organizaciis didi<br />
gamocdileba;<br />
ucxoeli turistebis raodenobiT regionSi pirvel adgilzea<br />
“didi sameuli” _ safrangeTi, italia, espaneTi.<br />
“meore eSelons” qmnian qveynebi: avstria, didi britaneTi,<br />
germania, Sveicaria.<br />
mesames _ <strong>da</strong>narCeni qveynebi.<br />
ucxoel turistTa ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d momwodeblebs CrdiloeT <strong>da</strong> Sua<br />
evropis qveynebi warmoadgenen. maSin roca samxreT evropis qveynebSi<br />
turistTa Semodineba sagrZnoblad aRemateba gamaval nakads.<br />
Swored am qveynebSi gansakuTrebiT maRalia Semosavlebi<br />
saerTaSoriso turizmi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
myari turistulma nakadebma droTa ganmavlobaSi <strong>da</strong>savleT<br />
evropis farglebSi iseTi turistul-rekreaciuli raionebis<br />
formireba gamoiwvia, sa<strong>da</strong>c turistuli funqciebis specializacia<br />
sportul-gamajansaRebeli, istoriul-geografiuli <strong>da</strong> kulturul-<br />
saganmanaTleblo mimarTulebebiT ganmsazRvrels an erT-erT<br />
umniSvnelovaness warmoadgens.<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleT evropis mTian raionebSi samTo turizmi<strong>da</strong>n yvela<br />
Semosavlebis naxevarze meti samTo-saTxilamuro turizmze modis.<br />
specialistebis SefasebiT, msoflioSi 70 milionamde moTxilamurea.<br />
aqe<strong>da</strong>n 55 milioni samTo-saTxilamuro sports misdevs.70 milioni<strong>da</strong>n<br />
20 milioni CrdiloeT amerikaSi, 24 milioni iaponiaSi, xolo 25<br />
milioni evropaSi cxovrobs. saTxilamuro sportis industria<br />
miliardobiT Semosavals iZleva. misi wili sportis imdustriaSi<br />
yovelwliurad izrdeba. regionebi, romlebic TavianT teritoriaze<br />
qmnian saTxilamuro sportis industriul centrebs, turistuli<br />
saqmianobi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> samTo-saTxilamuro <strong>turizmis</strong> industriis<br />
momsaxure Tanmdevi <strong>da</strong>rgebi<strong>da</strong>n saga<strong>da</strong>saxado begaris saxiT sakmaod<br />
maRal biujetur Semosavals Rebuloben.<br />
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<strong>da</strong>savleT evropis amTo-saTxilamuro kurorti-liderebi<br />
samTo-saTxilamuro sportis moyvarulebs izi<strong>da</strong>ven mTeli<br />
msoflio<strong>da</strong>n; uzrunvelyofen maRal Semosavlebs; gviCveneben<br />
gamorCeuli donis servisis <strong>da</strong> komfortis magaliTs <strong>da</strong><br />
warmoadgenen NsamTo-saTxilamuro <strong>da</strong>svenebisEmomzadebis etalons.<br />
2.1.1. bunebriv_klimaturi pirobebis Taviseburebebi samTo-<br />
saTxilamuro <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebaSi<br />
aqtiuri <strong>da</strong>svenebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxeobebs Soris samTo-<br />
saTxilamuro sriali yvelaze metad aris <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli bunebriv<br />
pirobebze. Aase magaliTad: didi mniSvneloba eniWeba mTis<br />
ferdobebeze sakmaod sqeli, mdgradi Tovlis safarvelis arsebobas<br />
4-5 Tvis ganmavlobaSi. aranaklebi mniSvneloba moxerxebuli <strong>da</strong><br />
mimzidveli <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong>Tvis akisria agreTve adgilis simaRles,<br />
reliefis Taviseburebebs, srialisaTvis gamosadeg amindis pirobebs;<br />
mwvane safaris xasiaTs, mewyeriisa <strong>da</strong> qvaTa cvenisagan <strong>da</strong>culobas,<br />
landSaftis mravalferovnebasa <strong>da</strong> unikalurobas.<br />
Tavis mxriv Tovlis raodenoba simaRlesTan erTad<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia mis adgilmdebareobazec _ zRvasTan siaxlove, mTis<br />
ferdobebis mimarTulebebi, mwvane safari bevrwilad gansazRvravs<br />
adgilis mniSvnelobasa <strong>da</strong> Rirebulebas. simaRlezea <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli<br />
agreTve aklimatizaciis xarisxi __ organizmis unari Seeguos<br />
Jangbadis naklebobas <strong>da</strong> maRalmTiani garemosaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebel<br />
sxva Taviseburebebs.<br />
¬_ zRvis doni<strong>da</strong>n 2000 m.-mde. janmrTeli a<strong>da</strong>miani praqtikulad<br />
ar ganicdis araviTar siZneleebs; aq organizmis Semguebluri<br />
reaqcia praqtikulad SeumCnevlad mimdinareobs. aseT zonas<br />
“indeferentuls“ miakuTvneben.<br />
_ 2000 m.–<strong>da</strong>n 4000m.Mm-mde gipoqsiisadmi (Jangbadis nakleboba)<br />
Segueba ufro rTulia, Tumca saSualo a<strong>da</strong>mianis sarezervo<br />
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SesaZleblobebi SeguebisaTvis savsebiT sakmarisia. aseT zonas<br />
“sruli kompensaciis zonas.” miakuTvneben. fizikuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>tana aseT simaRleze savsebiT SesaZlebelia Tu meTxilamure<br />
aklimatizacias Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT <strong>da</strong>bal simaRleze Ggaivlis (magaliTad,<br />
TxilamurebiT sriali 1500_ 2000 m simaRleze) 3-<strong>da</strong>n 5 dRis<br />
ganmavlobaSi.<br />
_ 2000-m-<strong>da</strong>n maRal simaRleze aklimatizacia ufro rTulad<br />
mimdinareobs. es “arasruli kompensaciis” zonaa, sa<strong>da</strong>c xdeba<br />
organizmis funqciebis arasakmarisi aRdgena. Sesabamisad, am zonaSi<br />
srials Tavisi gansakuTrebuli reJimi esaWiroeba, rogoricaa,<br />
<strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiTi <strong>da</strong> zomieri xasiaTi, <strong>da</strong>svenebis<br />
pauzebi. am wesebis <strong>da</strong>rRvevam SesaZloa a<strong>da</strong>mianSi MmTis<br />
avadmyofobis niSnebi gamoiwvios, ramac, rig SemTxvevebSi Ses<br />
aZlebelia barSi misi evakuaciis saWiroeba gamoiwvios.<br />
Y yinva, qari, mze _ praqtikulad samTo-saTxilamuro <strong>da</strong>svenebis<br />
mudmivad Tanmxleb faqtorebs warmoadgenen. am faqtorebTan Segueba,<br />
winaaRmdegoba <strong>da</strong> sistematiuri varjiSi janmrTelobis<br />
gaumjobesebisa <strong>da</strong> organizmis gakaJebisa saukeTeso saSualebebia.<br />
samTo-saTxilamuro srialisaTvis ferdobebis SerCevisas didi<br />
yuradReba eqceva adgilis mewyerianobas, romlis warmoqmna ara<br />
marto Tovlis naleqis simravliTa <strong>da</strong> sxva klimatur pirobebiTaa<br />
gamowveuli, aramed <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia: ferdobebis <strong>da</strong>xris kuTxesa <strong>da</strong><br />
Mmcenareuli safaris xasiaTze. zvavebis maqsimaluri raodenoba<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia gautyianebeli <strong>da</strong> amozneqili ferdobebisaTvis,<br />
romelTa qanobi 25-<strong>da</strong>n 50° diapazonSi mdebareobs.<br />
kvlevebma gviCvena, rom yvelaze didi popularobiT sargeblobs<br />
is samTo-saTxilamuro raionebi, romleTa somaRlea 1500m.-<strong>da</strong>m 1800m.-<br />
mde zRvis doni<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> maTTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia zomierad <strong>da</strong>bali<br />
temperatura, (saSualo temperatura ianvarSi 5-6 gradusamdea C),<br />
mzis didi xangZlivoba (1900-2000 sT. weliwadSi), Tovlis<br />
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aodenoba 3 m.-mde, aqtiuri <strong>da</strong>svenebis obieqtebis ganlageba<br />
mewyerisagan usafrTxo teritoriebze.<br />
<strong>da</strong>savleT evropis kurortebis raodenobiT, trasebis<br />
keTilmowyobiTa <strong>da</strong> mimzidvelobiT.<br />
samTo rekreaciuli kompleqsebis sivrciT-teritoriuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmvis ucxouri gamocdileba.<br />
samTo-saTxilamuro turizmSi sivrciT-teritoriuli <strong>da</strong>gegmvis<br />
evropuli gamocdilebi<strong>da</strong>n yvelaze ganviTarebuli _ avstriuli,<br />
franguli, Sveicaruli <strong>da</strong> italiuri gamocdileba umTavresad<br />
imitom un<strong>da</strong> gaviziaroT, rom maTsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTs Soris<br />
bunebriv-klimaturi TvalsazrisiT bevri saerTos moZieba<br />
SeiZleba. miT umetes rom, rom zoga<strong>da</strong>d samTo <strong>da</strong> maT Soris<br />
samTo-saTxilamuro sferoSi SesamCnevad imata gaTviTcnobierebul<br />
turistTa raodenobam, Sesabamisad gaizar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mravalferovani<br />
gax<strong>da</strong> maTi moTxovnebi; fasTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT bevrad mniSvnelovani<br />
yuradReba eqceva trasebis mravalferovnebas, maT simaRles,<br />
sabagiroTa tipebs, xarisxsa <strong>da</strong> raodenobas; mxolod amis<br />
Semdgom aqcevs turisti yuradRebas sastumros kategoriasa <strong>da</strong><br />
serviss.<br />
2.1.2. samTo_saTxilamuro trasebis Taviseburebebi.<br />
samTo-saTxilamuro centrebis upirvelesi ERirsebebi<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia saTxilamuro trasebis mravalferovnebasa <strong>da</strong><br />
sigrZeze. sirTulis mixedviT gamoyofen oTxi tipis trasebs,<br />
romelTa markireba xdeba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva ferebiT:<br />
advili – mwvane; saSualu sirTulis _ lurji; rTuli _ wiTeli;<br />
gansakuTrebulad rTuli _ Savi.<br />
turistebi trasebs irCeven SesaZleblobebis mixedviT, raSic<br />
maT exmareba sabagiro sadgurebTan gakruli trasebis feradi<br />
sqemebi. trasebis reglamentacia aseTi saxiT miRebulia yvela<br />
qveynisaTvis, sa<strong>da</strong>c masobrivad aris ganviTarebuli samTo-<br />
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saTxilamuro sporti im mizniT, rom moTxilamureTa usafrTxoebis<br />
uzrunvelyofisaTvis isini Sesabamis trasebze ga<strong>da</strong>nawildnen.<br />
nebismier samT-saTxilamuro kompleqsSi ZiriTadi trasebisagan<br />
gamoyofilia sasrialo adgilebi <strong>da</strong>mwyeb moTxilamureTaTvis <strong>da</strong><br />
bavSvebisaTvis.<br />
Tanamedrove warmodgeniT trasa ara marto ferdobia, aramed<br />
rTuli teqnikuri nagebobaa, es aris specialurad Seqmnili<br />
gansakuTrebuli profilis monakveTebi, romlebic akmayofileben<br />
rogorc Tanamedrove sportis, iseve <strong>masobrivi</strong> srialis moTxovnebs.<br />
yvelaze mkacr moTxovnebs sportul trasebs uyeneben. amitom,<br />
saswavlo <strong>da</strong> turistul trasebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT sportuli<br />
trasebisaTvis gamosadegi diapazoni ufro SezRudulia.<br />
saukeTeso trasebi reliefis mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva:<br />
swrafi <strong>da</strong>RmarTebi, bugorebi, swori <strong>da</strong> <strong>zemo</strong>T avardnili adgilebi,<br />
tramplinebi <strong>da</strong> isev Zlieri <strong>da</strong>RmarTebi <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
trasis proeqtirebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia erTgvarovani<br />
Tovlis safari, adgilis simaRle, qarebis mimarTulebebi,<br />
ferdobebis eqspozicia.<br />
trasebi ferdobebze gahyavT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva simrudis rbili<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>svlebiT, zigzagiseburi lentis magvarad. rTul monakveTebs<br />
cvlis ufro martivi, grZeli qanobis ufro naklebi <strong>da</strong>xris kuTxis<br />
mqone monakveTebi., romlebzec moTxilamures SeuZlia <strong>da</strong>isvenos.<br />
trasis sigane dgindeba reliefTan mkacr mimarTebaSi, rTuli<br />
adgilebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>brkolebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
trasis gamtarianobas sabagiro gzebis warmadoba ganapirobebs,<br />
rac sabolood sarekreacio raionis an centris tevadobaze axdens<br />
gavlenas. ase magaliTad:<br />
msoflio preqtiki<strong>da</strong>n miRebuli gamocdilebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare,<br />
sarekreacio centris sastumro-sacxovrebeli fondi am centris<br />
mosamsaxure trasebisa <strong>da</strong> sabagiroebis gamtarunarianobas 25%-ze<br />
metad ar un<strong>da</strong> aRematebodes.<br />
65
ganviTarebul samTo-saTxilamuro raionebSi, mag. alpebSi, qve<strong>da</strong><br />
sadgurebis gamtarunarianoba 3 - 5 jer aRemateba mimdebare<br />
saTxilamuro kompleqsebSi saZile adgilebis raodenobas. es imas<br />
niSnavs, rom ze<strong>da</strong> sadgurSi asasvlelad moTxilamureebs<br />
esaWiroebaT araumetes 20 wuTisa. samTo-saTxilamuro trasebze<br />
ganTavsebulia: mimarTulebis maniSnebeli, gamafrTxilebeli <strong>da</strong><br />
amkrZalavi markirebuli niSnebi. niSnebs trasebze ganalageben im<br />
drois gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic iq sa<strong>da</strong>c amas situacia moiTxovs<br />
moTxilamures esaWiroeba informaciis gasaazreblad <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi<br />
moqmedebebis Sesasruleblad (Cveulebriv saxifaTo adgilamde 25<br />
_50 m-iT miaxlovebamde). niSnebis ise ganaTavseben, rom sruliad<br />
gamoricxon Sejaxeba <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad moTxilamuris tramvireba<br />
markireba aris trasis keTilmowyobis erT-erTi yvelaze martivi <strong>da</strong><br />
aucilebeli saSualeba, romelic amavdroulad samTo-saTxilamuro<br />
kompleqsis kulturuli momsaxureobis dones gansazRvravs<br />
2.2. samTo-rekreaciuli kompleqsis qalaqgegmarebiTi<br />
proeqtirebis ZiriTadi meTodebis analizi <strong>da</strong> Sefaseba<br />
evropaSi pirveli samTo-rekriaciis formireba me-20 saukunis<br />
50-ian w.w. <strong>da</strong>iwyo alpebSi _ italia, safrangeTi, Sveicaria, avstria.<br />
2.2.1 safrangeTSi pirveli mcdeloba samTo-rekriaciis<br />
suraTi 6:. kurSaveli. (Courchevel) safrangeTi;<br />
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kompleqsuri ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetisa iyo 1948 wels, rodesac kurSavelis<br />
velze <strong>da</strong>iwyo funqcionireba savois samTo-saTxilamuro bazam, rac<br />
Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad <strong>da</strong>ba-<strong>da</strong>saxlebebis adgilas ramodenime patara<br />
\\sastumros stiqiur MmSeneblobebSi aisaxa, sa<strong>da</strong>c 60-iani wlebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sawyisisTvis samTo <strong>da</strong>svenebis organizacia ukve <strong>da</strong>msaveneblebis<br />
mzardD moTxovnilebebs <strong>da</strong>kmayofilebaSi ga<strong>da</strong>izar<strong>da</strong>.<br />
safrangeTSi saTxilamuro sportiT <strong>da</strong>kavebuli <strong>da</strong>msveneblebis<br />
raodenoba yovelwliurad 10%-iT matulob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
50-iani wlebis bolosaTvis samTo-sarekriacio kompleqsSi<br />
sastumroebis arqiteqruruli saxe Sveicariis soflisTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli, orqanobiani saxuravis mqone Sales tipis saxlis<br />
magaliTze Camoyalib<strong>da</strong>, romelic<br />
suraTi 8:. Sale; Sveicaria;<br />
SemdgomSi mTis arqiteqtuasTan gax<strong>da</strong> asocirebadi. aseTi<br />
arqiteqtura Jenevi<strong>da</strong>n 65 km.-s <strong>da</strong>SorebiT, savoiSi, (Savoy)<br />
safrangeTi iqna gamoyenebuli;<br />
suraTi 7. Sale; Sveicaria;<br />
suraTi 8. savoi ; (Savoy) safrangeTi;<br />
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60-ian wlebSi safrangeTSi, avoriazSi (avoriaz) Seiqmna kidev axali<br />
tipis samTo-rekriaciuli <strong>da</strong>saxlebebi, rogoricaa „‟ la plan”, “avoriaz”,<br />
<strong>da</strong> “Champs Fleuris” romlebic <strong>da</strong>Tvlili iyo 12500 adgilze. samTo<br />
rekriaciuli kompleqsi “avoria‟‟ ganTavsebulia ze<strong>da</strong> savoiSi zRvis<br />
doni<strong>da</strong>n 1800m-ze .igi 30km.-iT aris <strong>da</strong>Sorebuli rkinigzis sadgurs.<br />
moicavs 2000 adgilze gaTvlil xuT kompleqss <strong>da</strong> gaTvlilia<br />
rogorc rogorc zamTris, aseve sazafxulo <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong>Tvis.<br />
suraTi 9:. avoria; (avoriaz) safrangeTi;<br />
samTo-rekriaciuli kompleqsi “Flaine” mdebareobs ze<strong>da</strong> savoiSi<br />
zRvis doni<strong>da</strong>n 1600 me-ze <strong>da</strong> ganlagebulia sam doneze.<br />
qva<strong>da</strong> palatoa “Flaine -1”, romelic Sedgeba blokuri sistemis<br />
mcire zoms kotejebisagan; sastumro, romelic emsaxureba<br />
satransporto magistrals; agreTve saTxilamuro trasa <strong>da</strong>mwyeb<br />
moTxilamureTaTvis.<br />
Sua plato, sa<strong>da</strong>c ganTavsebulia sastumroebi binebiTa <strong>da</strong><br />
nomrebiT; savaWro centri; sportuli centri yinulis moedniT;<br />
liftebiT, romlebic akavSireben qve<strong>da</strong> platos sastumroebs ze<strong>da</strong><br />
platoze ganTavsebul “Flaine-3”<br />
,kompleqsi “Flaine” gaTvlilia 6000 adgilze.<br />
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Sales tipis arqiteqturaa gamoyenebuli. samTo rekriaciuli<br />
kompleqsi “ la plani” _la plagne (suraTi 9:) kompleqsi<br />
amfiTeatrzea ganlagebuli <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>yofilia sam funqciur zonad:<br />
sacxovrebel <strong>da</strong> momsaxureobis zonad, fexiTsasiarulo gzebiTa <strong>da</strong><br />
N<br />
suraTi 10:. flain-2; (Flaine) <strong>zemo</strong> savoia, safrangeTi;<br />
sastumros win <strong>da</strong>Tovlili teritoriiT, satransporto<br />
kavSirebiTa <strong>da</strong> manqanebis sadgomebiTa <strong>da</strong> saTxilamuro trasebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>mwyebi. moTxilamureebisaTvis sacxovrebel zonaSi 90%<br />
sastumroebis farTobisa binebis tipis sacxovrebeli blokebisagan<br />
Sedgeba, martoxela (18kv.m.) <strong>da</strong> ojaxebisaTvis (60kv.m.) <strong>da</strong> mxolod<br />
10%-ia <strong>da</strong>Tmobili sastumros tipis nomrebisaTvis. Senobebi <strong>da</strong><br />
maRaziebi erTmaneTTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebili arian fexiT sasiarulo<br />
gzebiT <strong>da</strong> aqvT ori sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva doneze Sesasvleli: erTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia Si<strong>da</strong> fexiT sasiarulo gzebTan, xolo meore<br />
saTxilamuro trasebTan. Senobebis mimdebare Tovliani teritoria<br />
gatvirTulia<br />
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suraTi 11:. flain-2; (Flaine) <strong>zemo</strong> savoia, safrangeTi;<br />
suraTi 12:. Lla plani (la plagne) <strong>zemo</strong> savoia, safrangeTi;<br />
funikulioriT, sabagiroebiT <strong>da</strong> eskalatorebiT. samTo-rekriaciuli<br />
kompleqsebSi mogvianebiT <strong>da</strong>iwyes gamoyeneba Ria, <strong>da</strong>xuruli <strong>da</strong><br />
maRaziebi; supermarketebi; traqtirebi; savaWro galerea). Laq<br />
gaTvaliswinebulia <strong>da</strong>xuruli ga<strong>da</strong>sasvlelebi mTel teritoriaze.A<br />
la planis kompleqsi warmoadgens fexiT sasiarulo <strong>da</strong><br />
satransporto komonikaciebis kombinirebuli sistეmis magaliTs.<br />
warmoadgens erTian, uwyvet wrfovan moculobas. igi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
samTo-saTxilamuro sportisaTvis aris gankuTvnili. igi Tavisi<br />
moxazulobiT mogvagonebs uzarbazar gems <strong>da</strong> Tavisi masStaburobiT<br />
mTis medidur peizaJs Seesabameba.<br />
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suraTi 13: samTo rekriaciuli kompleqsi “la plani”:<br />
1 _ mwvane savargulebi; 2 _ saTxilamuro zona; 3 _ satransporto<br />
komunikaciebi; 5 _ <strong>da</strong>xurul satransporto komunikaciebi; 6 _<br />
sabagiro gzebis sadgurebi<br />
suraTi 14:: Lla plani (la plagne) <strong>zemo</strong> savoia, safrangeTi; Taviseburi samTorekriaciuli<br />
kompleqsi “em la plani” aSenebulia mTis wverze 2000m.-ze<br />
zRvis doni<strong>da</strong>n. kompleqsi kompaqturad aris <strong>da</strong>gegmarebuli,<br />
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suraTi 15:.<br />
zonireba samTo-rekriaciuli kompleqsis “le zark-1800” (safrangeTi)<br />
1_ sacxovrebeli sivrce; 2 _ lifti; 3 _ teqnikuri sarTul; 4 _<br />
quCa; 5 _ magistrali<br />
me-20 saukunis 70-ani wlebi<strong>da</strong>n dRemde samTo-sarekriacio<br />
raionebis ganviTarebam mTis <strong>da</strong>saxlebebs. mniSvnelovnad Seucvala<br />
saxe Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>saxleba- “Tovlis qalaqis” axali tipi, aseTi<br />
qalaqis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli niSania, mudmiv <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>roebiT mosaxleobas<br />
Soris didi gancalkeveba. dRes SamonSi (<strong>zemo</strong> savois departamenti)<br />
cxovrobs 9830 mudmivi macxovrebeli. igi warmoadgens centrs<br />
mTel msoflioSi samTo_saTxilamuro regionisa<br />
suraTi 16:. შამონ-მონბლანი (Shamonix-mont_blanc) <strong>zemo</strong> savoia, safrangeTi;<br />
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Samoni-momblan, romelsac yovelwliurad stumrobs 5000000 turisti<br />
msoflios sxava<strong>da</strong>sxva kuTxi<strong>da</strong>n. safrangeTis alpebSi SeiZleba<br />
eqvsi “Tovlis qalaqi” <strong>da</strong>iTvalos, romlebis ganviTar<strong>da</strong> samTo<br />
<strong>turizmis</strong> meSveobiT. aseTi qalaqebis <strong>da</strong>gegmarebisas gamoiyeneba<br />
kompaqturi an <strong>da</strong>nawevrebuli kompozicia. kompaqturi kompozicia<br />
integrirebuli kompleqsebis saxiT gavrcel<strong>da</strong> safrangeTSi: “la<br />
plani”, “em la plani”, “le zark-1600”, “le zark-1800”, “le zark-2000”.<br />
reliefi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare aseTi kompoziciebis ganlageba<br />
SesaZlebelia magaliTad: mTis masivis Tavze, kompoziciam gaimeoros<br />
misi moxazuloba; ganlagdes mTis ferdobze, gegmarebiTi<br />
struqturis mixedviT kompaqtur kompleqsebad, xolo ganaSenianebis<br />
mixedviT _ wyvetil an uwyvet-mTlian kompoziciebad.<br />
suraTi 17:. samTo-rekriaciuli kompleqsis gegmarebiTi organizacia<br />
“pereisurdi” (safrangeTi);<br />
1 _ mimRebi-administraciuli centri; 2,3 _ sportul-samayureblo;<br />
4 _ savaWro centri; 5 _ sabagiro gzebis sadguri; 6 _ <strong>da</strong>xuruli<br />
<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>sasvlelebi;<br />
7 _ sacxovrebeli korpusebi; 8 _ avtosadgomebi<br />
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kompaqturi <strong>da</strong>saxleba oTx polusiania, momsaxureobis centri,<br />
romlis irgvliv aris ganlagebuli sacxovrebeli korpusebi. es<br />
samTo-rekriaciuli kompleqsi mdebareobs peiresudis xeobaSi<br />
pirineis mTebze (safrangeTi) 1650 m. zRvis doni<strong>da</strong>n. kompleqsis<br />
Semadgeneli nagebobebi Tavmoyrilia <strong>da</strong>xuruli yinulis moednisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> savaWro zonis garSemo. kompleqsis SigniT nebismier adgilas<br />
SesaZlebelia moxvde <strong>da</strong>xuruli fexmavali ga<strong>da</strong>savlelebis<br />
saSualebiT, romelTa orive mxares savaWro obieqtebia<br />
moTavsebuli. aivnebis safexurisebri ritmika fasadze<br />
orientirebulia saTxilamuro trasebisaken. kompaqturi <strong>da</strong>saxleba<br />
moicavs sacxovrebel, momsaxureobis, fexiTsasiarulo <strong>da</strong><br />
satransporto zonebs.<br />
suraTi 18:. Lla plani (la plagne) <strong>zemo</strong> savoia, safrangeTi;<br />
samTo-rekriaciuli kompleqsi “la plani”-is (la plagne) sastumro<br />
karkasis Si<strong>da</strong> sivrce <strong>da</strong>yofilia vertikalur zonebad:<br />
sacxovrebeli, fexiT sasiarulo, momsaxureobis <strong>da</strong> satransporto.<br />
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dRes safrangeTi msoflio lideria, rogorc samTo-<br />
saTxilamuro kurortebis (400 meti), aseve keTilmowyobili<br />
trasebis raodenobiT, rac eqvsi aTas kilometr <strong>da</strong>muSavebul<br />
fedobebSi <strong>da</strong> oTxi aTasze met funikulorsa <strong>da</strong> sabagiro gzaSi<br />
gamoixateba. safrangeTis umTavres kurortebs gaaCniaT ara nakleb<br />
300 km saTxilamuro trasebisa <strong>da</strong> 100 sabagiro gzisa, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
trasebis umetesoba skis aux pieds-is (“sriali sastumros kari<strong>da</strong>n”)<br />
principiTaa <strong>da</strong>proeqtebuli <strong>da</strong> mimdebare centrebTan, rig<br />
SemTxvevebSi mdeloebTan sabagiroebis erTiani sistemiT arian<br />
gaerTianebulebi.<br />
2.2.2. Sveicarias gansakuTrebiT gamorCeuli roli akisria samTo-<br />
rekriaciuli <strong>da</strong>svenebis populiarizaciaSi, rac gamoixateba samTo-<br />
rekriaciuli kompleqsebis didi simravliT.. metad sainteresoa<br />
integrirebuli samTo-rekriaciuli kompleqsi “urtie” (Svaicaria).<br />
erTi kompleqsi <strong>da</strong>proeqtebulia arwivis budis msgavsad <strong>da</strong> kldis<br />
qimzea gadmokidebuli. (“arwivis bude” 800 adgilze), xolo meore –<br />
mTis wverze 2000m.-ze zRvis doni<strong>da</strong>n (4000 adgilze) imeorebs mTis<br />
moxazulobas. aq Si<strong>da</strong> sivrcis organizacia gamoixateba aqtiuri<br />
centris gamovleniT, mTavari quCis saxiT _ didi aivani <strong>da</strong><br />
ga<strong>da</strong>xuruli quCa _ sazogadoebrivi centri, sai<strong>da</strong>nac kompleqsis<br />
yvela donisaTvis xorcieldeba kavSiebi.<br />
jer kidev me-20 saukunis 60-ian wlebSi gaCn<strong>da</strong> idea Sveicariisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> safrangeTis; italiisa <strong>da</strong> safrangeTis samTo-rekriaciuli<br />
kompleqsebis gaerTianebisa egreT wodebuli saTxilamuro gziT,<br />
SveicariisTan aseTi erTianoba moicavs sabagiroebis saerTo qsels<br />
<strong>da</strong> saTxilamuro trasebs 200 km.-is manZilze. saTxilamuro gzis<br />
gaswvriv aSenebulia mravali samTo-rekriaciuli kompleqsi. ase<br />
<strong>da</strong>proeqt<strong>da</strong> Sveicariis mxri<strong>da</strong>n e.w. Tovlis qalaqi vilari,<br />
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omelic moicavs sastumroebs nomrebiT, Sales tipis sacxovrebel<br />
saxlebsa <strong>da</strong> momsaxureobis sadgurebs.<br />
suraTi 19:. Sveicaria, vilari;<br />
suraTi 20:. volari (villars) samTo qalaqi, Sveicaria<br />
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aseve saerTo saTxilamuro infrastruqtura gaaCniaT safrangeTisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> italiis samTo-rekreaciul <strong>da</strong>saxlebebs: frangul rosiersa<br />
(la rosiere) <strong>da</strong> italiur tuils (la thuile) Soris.<br />
suraTi 21.: rosiere (la rosiere) <strong>da</strong> tuili (la thuile) . erTiani saTxilamuro<br />
kompleqsi; safrangeTi; italia.<br />
2.2.3. italiis CrdiloeT raionebSi samTo-rekriaciul <strong>turizmis</strong><br />
roli 70-iani wlebi<strong>da</strong>n gaizar<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong>igegma 200 samTo-rekriaciuli<br />
kompleqsis ganaSenianeba Zveli <strong>da</strong>saxlebuli adgilebis mimdebare<br />
teritoriebze. yvelaze did interss iwvevs sestrieres (Sestriere)<br />
“Tovliani” qalaqis proeqti, romelic Tavi<strong>da</strong>n 17000 turistis<br />
momsaxureobaze iyo gaTvlili. proeqtSi gatvaliswinebulia yvela<br />
tipis turistuli marSrutebis kordinirebuli organizaia:<br />
saTxilamuro, saavtomobilo, fexiT sasiarulo.<br />
sestriere (sestriere), italia. gax<strong>da</strong> erT erTi-erTi pirveli<br />
samTo-saTxilamuro sportis ganviTarebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>gegmarebuli<br />
maRalmTiani (2000 m zRvis doni<strong>da</strong>n) raioni. 1931 wels iyo<br />
<strong>da</strong>muSavebuli 40 saTxilamuro marSruti, agebuli 25 amwe-sabagiro,<br />
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aSen<strong>da</strong> mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi funqcionirebadi sastumro.<br />
dRes sestriere aRiarebulia sportuli <strong>turizmis</strong> erT-erT yvelaze<br />
ganviTarebul saerTaSoriso centrad. igi erTerTi yvelaze<br />
cnobili kurortia alpebSi. misi M teritoria mrlianad gamosadegia<br />
samTo-saTilamuro sportisaTvis. aq trasebi sirTulis<br />
suraTi 22.: sestriere (sestriere), italia.. sasporto qalaqi; italia.<br />
mixedviT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kategoriisaa, yvelaze Tanamedrove teqnikiT<br />
aRWurvil sabagiroebT, romlebzec mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSia<br />
SesaZlebeli sriali.<br />
sestriereSi tardeba iseTi mniSvnelovani saerTaSoriso<br />
sportuli RonisZiebebi rogorica aris : saerTaSoriso<br />
mZleosnobis, veloturebi “il Jiro” <strong>da</strong> „‟Tur de France’’, turnirebi<br />
golfSi, fexburTSi, CogburSi, <strong>da</strong> rac mTavaris SesarCevi TamaTebi<br />
samTo-saTxilamuro sportSi, msoflio Tasis mosapoveblad 1997<br />
wels.<br />
A 2.2.4. avstriis mTian raionebSi urbanizaciis procesi ufro<br />
neli tempiT midio<strong>da</strong>. Tumca dRes avstriis samTo kurortebi didi<br />
mravalferovnebT gamoirCeva, sa<strong>da</strong>c Svid saTxilamuro raionSi:<br />
tirolia; zalcburgi; Stiria; fopaplbergi; karintia; <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
qvemo avstria _ 344 saTxilamuro centria.<br />
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olo xanebSi avstriaSi gansakuTrebiT gavrceleba hpoves<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva, xasiaTis gasarTobi <strong>da</strong>nadgarebiTa <strong>da</strong> eqstremaluri<br />
trasebiT aRWurvilma Tovlis parkebma (“SNOWPARKS”), romelTa<br />
raodenobam 2011 wlisaTvis 44 miaRwia<br />
2.2.5. Sotlandia, espaneTi, norvegia, fineTi, germania <strong>da</strong> Svecia<br />
is qveynebia sa<strong>da</strong>c agreTve samTo gamajansaRebeli <strong>da</strong>sveneba mTaSi<br />
farTod aris gavrcelebuli.<br />
Nnorvegia gamoirCeva samTo-rekriaciuli struqturis ganviTarebiT.<br />
qvemoT mocemulia samT-saTxilamuro zogierTi trasis sqemebi.<br />
suraTi 23.: norvegiis samTo-rekreaciebi;<br />
or sarTuliani sastumro“<strong>da</strong>nbiu” (norvegia) gaTvlili 56<br />
adgilze gaTvaliswinebulia sazafxulo <strong>da</strong> sazamTro<br />
<strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong>Tvis <strong>da</strong> mdebareobs 1000 m. zR. doni<strong>da</strong>n or<strong>da</strong>lis erTerT<br />
platoze.<br />
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mTian SotlandiaSi AaSenebulia turistuli bazebi, romlebis<br />
samTo <strong>da</strong>svenebis centrebad aris aRiarebuli. isini moicaven<br />
sastumroebs, gamajansaRebel <strong>da</strong>sasvenebel pansionatebs,<br />
motelebas, individualur saxlebs <strong>da</strong> turistul bazebs. 2010<br />
wels Sotlandiis xuT samTo kurortze saTxilamuro sezoni 110<br />
dRes gagrZel<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Sotlandiis ekonomikaSi 37.5 milioni funti<br />
sterlingi Seitana.<br />
suraTi 24:. sastumro “borgafeli” moTxilamureebisaTvis (Sotlandia)<br />
samTo rekiaciebis formireba germaniaSi sabagiroebis obobisebri<br />
qselis gaswvriv sa<strong>da</strong>c Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> turistuli <strong>da</strong>saxlebebi. aseTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxlebis centri un<strong>da</strong> iyos mocemuli reliefis yvelaze <strong>da</strong>bal<br />
niSnulze, romelTanac midis saavtomobilo gza.<br />
2.2.6. sainteresoa agreTve mokled ga<strong>da</strong>vavloT Tvali samTo-<br />
rekreaciuli infrastruqturis ganviTarebis process yofil<br />
sabWoTa kavSirSi:<br />
me-20 s.k-is 30-ian wlebSi 6 alpinisturi banaki gaixsna<br />
dombaiSi “alibeki” adirsusa <strong>da</strong> adilsus xeobebSi, turbaza<br />
baksanis xeobaSi <strong>da</strong> maRalmTiani banaki ceisis myinvarTan.<br />
Ggasuli saukunis 50-ian wlebSi <strong>da</strong>iwyo samTo-rekiaciuli<br />
teritoriebis kompleqsuri aTviseba. 1959 wels <strong>da</strong>muSav<strong>da</strong> baksanis<br />
velis teritoriuli organizaciis proeqti. ialalbuzis mimdebare<br />
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teritoriaze terskolTan ramodenime samTo-saTxilamuro nageboba<br />
<strong>da</strong>proeqt<strong>da</strong> sastumroebiT, stadioniT, sacurao auziT, <strong>da</strong>saxlebiT<br />
momsaxure personalisaTvis. proeqtSi iyo gaTvaliswinebuli<br />
„‟savele” meTodiT <strong>da</strong>gegmareba, romlis mixedviTac <strong>da</strong>sasvenebeli<br />
obieqtebi saerTo tevadobiT 12000 adgilze sakmaod didi manZiliT<br />
<strong>da</strong>Sorebuli erTmaneTs avtotrasebiT ukavSirdebodnen.<br />
60-ian wlebSi sabagiro gzis gayvanam “Ceget-1” ganapiroba<br />
ialbuzis mimdebare samTo-saTxilamuro rekriaciis unarianobis<br />
gazr<strong>da</strong> 12000 adgilamde. am mizniT raionSi gamoiyo 5 samTo-<br />
saTxilamuro kompleqsi Semdegi funqciuri specializaciiT;<br />
suraTi 25:. <strong>da</strong>sasvenebeli zona-“ialbuzi‟‟; 1. samTo-rekriaciuli<br />
kompleqsi raionul sistemaSi; 2. adgilobrivi avtotrasebi; 3. turistuli<br />
marSrutebi; 4. gadmosaxedi moednebi; 5. alpinisturi qoxebi; 6. samTosaTxilamuro<br />
zonebi; 7. alpinisturi zonebi; 8. mTiani ga<strong>da</strong>sasvlelebi;<br />
alpinizmis zona - adil-sus xeoba, kompleqsebis “uCkunali” <strong>da</strong><br />
“uzunkoli” teritoriebi; sazafxulo sacalfexo <strong>da</strong> samTo-<br />
saTxilamuro sportis zonebi _ mestia; balnalogiuri zona _<br />
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narzanis veli baksanis xeobaSi terskoli<strong>da</strong>n 5 km.–is <strong>da</strong>SorebiT.<br />
<strong>da</strong>sasvenebeli zona _ <strong>da</strong>saxleba ialbuzi.<br />
<strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong> samTo-sarekriacio kompleqs terskolis detaluri<br />
gegmareba; gamoiyo sacxovrebeli, samkurnalo –gamajansaRebeli,<br />
sameurneo, <strong>da</strong>sasvenebeli, alpinisturi, turistuli, saTxilamuro<br />
funqciuri zonebi. ialbuzTan aSen<strong>da</strong> sastumro 4000 adgilze,<br />
romelic mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi muSaob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
ialbuzis mimdebare teriteriis gar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>muSav<strong>da</strong> kavkasiis sxva<br />
raionebis gegmarebac.: 1962 wels - krasnaia Ppoliana – kardivaCis<br />
tba; 1963 wels – Ddombai-arxizi. krasnaia Ppoliana – kardivaCis<br />
tbis proeqti ganixilebo<strong>da</strong> kurort gagrasTan <strong>da</strong> iseT<br />
sakomunikacio urTierTkavSirSi, rogoricaa aeroporti <strong>da</strong><br />
rkinigzis sadguri adlerSi. Ddombai-arxizis raionis gegmarebiTi<br />
koncefcia<br />
suraTi 26.: dombai-arxizis raionis rekriaciul-gegmarebiTi<br />
organizacia: (sofiis mdelo –софийская поляна---5000 adgilze, centraluri<br />
arxizi - 4000 adgilze, <strong>zemo</strong> arxizi - 2000 adgilze)<br />
gulisxmob<strong>da</strong> 3 samTo-saTilamuro kompleqsis Seqmnas arxizSi<br />
(sofiis mdelo–софийская поляна---5000 adgilze, centraluri arxizi<br />
4000 adgilze, <strong>zemo</strong> arxizi 2000 adgilze) <strong>da</strong> dombaiSi 3000 adgilze.<br />
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samTo-saTxilamuro kompleqsi “Dombai” Seiqmna 1972 wels dombais<br />
velze. sastumro, turbaza, alpinisturi banaki mosworebul<br />
moednebzea ganlagebuli. dombaiSi dRes Tanamedrove moTxovnebze<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli trsebi <strong>da</strong> uamravi sastumroa.<br />
suraTi 27.: Ddombais xedebi<br />
suraTi 28.: samTo-saTxilamuro kompleqsi dombai: 1. sastumro ”Dombai”<br />
400 adgilze; 2. sastumro ”Krokusi”200 adgilze; 3. sastumro ”Amanaus”-i<br />
630 adgilze; 4. sastumro ”Sputnik” 4000 adgilze; 5. „‟finuri qoxi” 10-15<br />
adgilze.<br />
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suraTi 29; sabagiroebis sqemaze dombais samTo-saTxilamuro trasebi<br />
Seesabameba saerTaSoriso aRniSvnebs. mwvane – gankuTvnilia <strong>da</strong>mwyebi<br />
moTxilamureebisaTvis; lurji - <strong>da</strong>bali sirTulis trasebi; wiTeli -<br />
saSualo sirTulis trasebi; Savi - maRali sirTulis trasebi<br />
profesionalebisaTvis ;<br />
1975 wels <strong>da</strong>muSav<strong>da</strong> ramodenime varianti erTian-kompleqsuri<br />
centris “lunnaia poliana” funqciur-gegmarebiTi organizaciisa.<br />
proeqtis miRebul variantSi sastumroebis nagebobebi ganTavsebulia<br />
abiSira-axubas qedis <strong>da</strong>savleT ferdobze garkveuli wiris<br />
gaswvriv.satransporto <strong>da</strong> fexmavali bilikebi erTmaneTisagan<br />
gancalkevbulia. saTxilamuro-safexmavlo komunikaciebi qmnis iseT<br />
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komfortul sistemas, rogoric saTxilamuro kompleqsebis<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtebs eqvemdebareba, xolo <strong>da</strong>saxlebuli zona sakmaod<br />
axloa rekriaciuli smianobis zonasTan<br />
suraTi 30.: samTo-rekriaciuli kompleqs «Лунная Поляна»-s funqciurgegmarebiTi<br />
organizacia: 1, 2 – sastumroebi, 3. _ stadioni; 4. __ sabagiro<br />
gzebis sadgurebi; 5 __ administraciul- ganmanawilebeli centri<br />
suraTi 29; sabagiroebis sqemaze<br />
dombais samTo-saTxilamuro<br />
trasebi Seesabameba saerTaSoriso<br />
suraTi 31.: putinis vila «Лунная Поляна»-Si; Aam teritoriaze dRes<br />
misvla mxolod SveulmfreniT aris SesaZlebeli <strong>da</strong> faqtiurad igi<br />
miuwvdomelia Cveulebrivi moqalaqisTvis.<br />
.<br />
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70-iani wlebis bolos ssrk-Si lago-nakis plato<strong>da</strong>n (1600m zR.<br />
don.-<strong>da</strong>n.) <strong>svaneTis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> afxazeTis alpebamde Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> kavkasiis<br />
mTiani SavizRvispireTis rekriaciuli aTvisebis principebi.<br />
1. mravalfunqciur sarekreacio zonebis Seqmna sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formis<br />
mkurnalobis <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>svenebis, <strong>turizmis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> zamTris sportis<br />
rekriaciuli saqmianobis mixedviT;<br />
2. momsaxureobis <strong>da</strong>wesebulebebis sistemis organizeba<br />
(balneologiuri <strong>da</strong> klimaturi kurortebi, salaSqro bilikebi,<br />
saTxilamuro centrebi <strong>da</strong> a.S. );<br />
3. rekriaciuli centrebis jgufi ganTavseba garemoze <strong>zemo</strong>qmedebis<br />
Semcirebis mizniT<br />
4. mobiluri momsaxurebis centrebis organizacia, momsaxure<br />
personalis gansaxlebis adgilebi sarekreacio tritriebTan;<br />
5. satransporto infrastruqturis momavalze gaTvlili<br />
ganviTareba: sarekreacio teritoriebis aRWurva sabagiro,<br />
monorelsiTa <strong>da</strong> specialuri gzebiT; fexmavali bilikebis qselis<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmva sarekriacio miznebisaRvis;<br />
6. nacionaluri parkis <strong>da</strong> nakrZalebis erTiani sistemis SemuSaveba,<br />
satyeo-saparko zolis <strong>da</strong> mwvane trasebis organizeba.<br />
2.3 samTo rekreaciuli kompleqsebis sivrciT-teritoriuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmva saqarTveloSi<br />
saqarTveloSi Tovlze sabijebel Txilamurebs Sua saukuneebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
amzadebdnen. aseTi Txilamurebi gavrcelebuli yofila<br />
saqarTvelos mTiswineTsa <strong>da</strong> maRalmTianeTSi. xevsureTSi<br />
umTavresad girkalisebur Txilamurebs iyenebdnen, samegreloSi,<br />
svaneTsa <strong>da</strong> mTiuleTSi_mrgvals, qarTlSi, raWasa <strong>da</strong><br />
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aWaraSi_elifsurs. mogvianebiT Semovi<strong>da</strong> sasrialo-sarbolo<br />
Txilamurebi <strong>da</strong> mTi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>saSvebi cigebi.<br />
Tumca samTo-saTxilamuro sportis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi<br />
realurad sabWoTa kavSiris sxva regoinebTan erTad iwyeba me-20 s.k-<br />
is 30-ian wlebi<strong>da</strong>n, sa<strong>da</strong>c imTaviTve sportis am saxeobis saTao <strong>da</strong><br />
erTaderT bazad bakuriani ganviTar<strong>da</strong>. 1932 wels wels bakurianSi<br />
gito giorgaZis xelmZRvanelobiT Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> moTxilamureTa<br />
pirveli jgufi.. imave xanebSi saqarTveloSi Camoitanes<br />
TxilamurobisTvis saWiro inventari <strong>da</strong> gaiyvanes pirveli sarbolo<br />
<strong>da</strong> samTo trasebi. moTxilamureTa pirveli Sejibrebac 1934 wels<br />
gaimarTa bakurianSi. Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom samTo-saTxilamuro<br />
sportma pirveli naTloba mainc mestiaSi miiRo: 1931 wels Catar<strong>da</strong><br />
pirveli samTo-saTxilamuro laSqroba kavkasionze, romlis<br />
monawilenic TxilamurebiT Cavidnen mestiaSi.<br />
2.3.1. <strong>da</strong>ba bakuriani mdebareobs vulkanur platoze, zRvis<br />
doni<strong>da</strong>n 1650_1750 metris simaRleze, md. bakurianiswylis<br />
(bakurianulas) gaSlil xeobaSi.<br />
borjomis xeobisa <strong>da</strong>, kerZod, bakurianis ganviTarebas didi<br />
impulsi SesZina viwrolian<strong>da</strong>giani rkinigzis mSeneblobam 1809_1901<br />
wlebSi, rac, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, ganpirobebuli iyo xe-tyis gamotanis<br />
saWiroebiT. bakurianSi rkinigzis gayvanas mohyva bakurianis<br />
bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebisadmi samecniero, Semdgom ki<br />
praqtikuli interesebis zr<strong>da</strong>.<br />
1910 wels, koxtagoris <strong>da</strong>savleT ferdobze, a. rolovisa <strong>da</strong>a.<br />
fominis iniciativiT <strong>da</strong>ars<strong>da</strong> botanikuri baRi. 1934 wels baRi<br />
saqarTvelo botanikis instituts ga<strong>da</strong>eca. 1937 wels baRi gaSen<strong>da</strong><br />
axal teritoriaze; misma farTobma 17 ha Seadgina; mas mieniWa<br />
saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis botanikis institutis<br />
bakurianis botanikuri baRis statusi. baRis <strong>da</strong>niSnulebaa kavkasiis<br />
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maRalmTianeTis mcenareebis aklimatizeba <strong>da</strong> bioekologiur<br />
TaviseburebaTa <strong>da</strong>dgena.<br />
1933_1934 wlebSi bakurianSi <strong>da</strong>ars<strong>da</strong> bakurianis menadireobis<br />
(nadirTmomSenebeli) sabWoTa meurneoba, sa<strong>da</strong>c aSenebdnen<br />
Zvirfasbewvian cxovelebs: Sav-vercxlisfer (Savvercxlovan) <strong>da</strong><br />
polarul melas, yarsaRs, amerikul waulsa <strong>da</strong> sxva cxovelebs.<br />
aqve, 1943 wels gamoyvanil iqna axali jiSi, romelic bakurianuli<br />
TeTri melas saxeliTaa cnobili. meurneobaSi yovelwliurad<br />
amzadebdnen 7.000 calze met bewveuls.<br />
bakurianis ganviTarebis axali etapi sabWoTa periodSi <strong>da</strong>iwyo.<br />
1928 wels bakurianSi Sendeba pirveli bavSvTa sanatoriumi 150<br />
adgilze. 1946 wels Sendeba sazogadoeba `dinamos~ sportuli baza;<br />
1948 wels, Zvel SenobebSi binas idebs turistuli baza <strong>da</strong><br />
saTxilamuro baza. 1950 wels eqspluataciaSi Sedis sportuli<br />
sazogadoeba `qariSxalas~ saTxilamuro baza; amave periodSi<br />
mTavrdeba pirveli, 70-metriani tramplinis ageba. 1960-ian wlebSi<br />
Sendeba `cekavSiris~ baza, 1964 wels sastumro `bakuriani~, 1965<br />
wels saerTaSoriso axalgazrduli banaki `mziuri veli~. 1965_1975<br />
wlebSi bakurianSi ramdenime sportul-turistuli obieqti aSen<strong>da</strong>.<br />
1974 wels bakurianSi Catar<strong>da</strong> ssrk xalxTa zamTris sakavSiro<br />
spartakia<strong>da</strong>, ramac biZgi misca axali sportuli trasebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
obieqtebis mSeneblobas. am periods miekiTvneba iseTi obieqtebi,<br />
rogoricaa: Cqarosnuli <strong>da</strong>Svebis trasa koxta II _ mitarbi; sabagiro<br />
gzis ori rigi didi mitarbi _ koxta II; 40, 70 <strong>da</strong> 90 metriani<br />
tramplinebi; trasa cigebisaTvis; biaTlonis trasa; trasa<br />
moTxilamureTa sazafxulo varjiSisTvis <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />
`didi bakurianis~ ganviTareba generaluri gegmis Sesabamisad<br />
Sewy<strong>da</strong> 1980_1990-ani wlebis mijnaze; saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa<br />
sabWos 1985 wlis 23 agvistos <strong>da</strong>dgenileba # 625 `kurort<br />
bakurianis ganviTarebis generaluri gegmis <strong>da</strong>mtkicebis Sesaxeb~. am<br />
<strong>da</strong>dgenilebiT <strong>da</strong>mtkic<strong>da</strong> saproeqto institut<br />
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`saqqalaqmSensaxproeqtis~ mier SemuSavebuli `kurort bakurianis<br />
ganviTarebis generaluri gegma~.<br />
90-ian wlebSi bakurianis teritoriaze ganviTar<strong>da</strong> qaosuri<br />
mSenebloba. <strong>da</strong>dga sakiTxi axali gengegmis <strong>da</strong>muSavebisa. 2002 wels<br />
saqarTvelom gaakeTa ganacxadi 2014 wlis olimpiuri TamaSebis<br />
bakurianSi Catarebis Sesaxeb. mrTalia 2006 wels es sakiTxi<br />
aqtualobi<strong>da</strong>n moixsna, magram mox<strong>da</strong> axali gengegmis <strong>da</strong>muSaveba <strong>da</strong><br />
2008 wels <strong>da</strong>mtkic<strong>da</strong> Semdegi arqiteqturul_gegmarebiTi<br />
wina<strong>da</strong>debebiT:<br />
1. A <strong>da</strong>samuSavebelia bakurianis axali satransporto sqema,<br />
romelSic gaTvaliswinebulia arsebuli Si<strong>da</strong><br />
saxelmwifoebrivi gzisa <strong>da</strong> Si<strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>bo gzebisa <strong>da</strong> quCebis<br />
rekonstruqcia saqveiTo, savelosipedo <strong>da</strong> TxilamurebiT<br />
moZraobis gaTvaliswinebiT <strong>da</strong> axali Semosavleli gzis<br />
gayvana (variantebiT); agreTve moZraobis trasebi;<br />
2. un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>muSavdes sainJinro infrastruqturis proeqtebi axali<br />
sportul_sarekreacio zonebis Si<strong>da</strong> qselebisaTvis<br />
(wyalsadeni, kanalizacia, eleqtromomarageba, gazmomarageba,<br />
saniaRvre arxebi);<br />
3. un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>samuSavebuliyo ganaSenianebis regulirebis proeqtebi<br />
Semdegi teritoriebisaTvis:<br />
wriuli gzis Si<strong>da</strong> zona;<br />
didvelis mimarTulebiT ganviTarebuli axali<br />
sportul_sarekreacio zona;<br />
<strong>da</strong>ba bakurianis andezitis mimarTulebiT ganviTarebuli<br />
axali sportul_sarekreacio zona gzis orive mxares.<br />
4. wriuli gzis Si<strong>da</strong> zonaSi (landSaftur_sarekreacio zonaSi)<br />
saWiro mosawyobi iyo <strong>da</strong>svenebis, sportisa <strong>da</strong> garTobis parki,<br />
romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sevido<strong>da</strong>:<br />
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mdinare bakurianiswylis axali kalapoti keTilmowyobili<br />
sarekreacio zoliT <strong>da</strong> akvaparki <strong>da</strong>mxmare erTsarTuliani<br />
nagebobebiT;<br />
gzis Si<strong>da</strong> perimetrze sarekreacio promenadi <strong>da</strong>svenebis,<br />
garTobisa <strong>da</strong> kvebis obieqtebiT;<br />
sazafxulo <strong>da</strong> sazamTro Ria sportuli moednebi <strong>da</strong>mxmare<br />
saTavsebiT;<br />
sakuTriv parki mwvane nargavebiT <strong>da</strong> mcire arqiteqturuli<br />
formebiT;<br />
sazogadoebrivi avtosadgomebi;<br />
sazogadoebrivi tualetebi;<br />
5. saWiro iyo wriuli gzis mimdebare e.w. 25_metriani tramplinis<br />
sarekreacio zonisa <strong>da</strong> koxta-1-s gzis mimdebare ubnis<br />
gegmarebiTi mowesrigeba: usaxo, usistemo <strong>da</strong>bali xarisxis<br />
jixurebis aReba, avtosadgomebis mowyoba, momsaxurebis<br />
obieqtebis ganlageba.<br />
suraTi 32.: <strong>da</strong>ba bakurianis turistuli ruka;<br />
90
dRes didi bakuriani moicavs <strong>da</strong>ba bakuriansa <strong>da</strong> misi mezobel<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxlebebs _ bakurianis andeziti, didi mitarbi, cixisjvari,<br />
2007 wels saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros<br />
<strong>da</strong>kveTiTsESeiqmna didvelis ganaSenianebis regulirebis gegma,<br />
romelic moicavs teritoriis sivrciT-teritoriuli ganviTarebis<br />
pirobebs, maT Soris: fizikuri, sivrciT-moculobiTi, teqnikuri,<br />
sainJinro uzrunvelyofis, keTilmowyobis, satransporto, sxva<br />
gegmarebiT parametrebs. proeqtis farglebSi gamoiyo<br />
miwaTsargeblobis zonebi <strong>da</strong> ganisazRvra maTi Sesabamisi<br />
parametrebi. savele topogeodeziuri <strong>da</strong> saka<strong>da</strong>stro kvlevebis<br />
Sedegad Seiqmna geomonacemTa bazebi, romelTa safuZvelze<br />
<strong>da</strong>muSav<strong>da</strong> funqciuri <strong>da</strong> uflebrivi zonirebis rukebi, ganisazRvra<br />
gegmarebiTi parametrebi, <strong>da</strong>gegmar<strong>da</strong> satransporto <strong>da</strong> sainJinro<br />
komunikaciebis qseli, <strong>da</strong>dgin<strong>da</strong> ganaSenianebis sivrciT-moculobiTi<br />
wyoba <strong>da</strong> Seiqmna ganaSenianebis regulirebis wesebi, romlebic<br />
suraTi 33.: miwaTsargeblobis generaluri gegma<br />
bakurianis sarekriacio zona m 1:50000<br />
91
asaxavs saproeqto teritoriis ganviTarebis perspeqtivas, rac<br />
gaxdeba sivrciT-teritoriuli aspeqtebis Sesaxeb ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis<br />
miRebisa <strong>da</strong> mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemis safuZveli.<br />
suraTi 34.: <strong>da</strong>ba bakurianis turistuli ruka;<br />
:<br />
suraTi 35.: didvelis xedi sabagiro<strong>da</strong>n;<br />
suraTi 36.: <strong>da</strong>ba bakurosnis xedi;<br />
92
suraTi 37 koxta-goras sabagiro gza;<br />
suraTi 38 didvelis sqematuri ruka.;<br />
93
suraTi 39.: <strong>da</strong>ba bakurianis miwaTsargeblobis generaluri ruka<br />
(geografiki)<br />
94
2.3.2. gu<strong>da</strong>uri — samTo-saTxilamuro kurorti stefanwmindis<br />
(yofili yazbegis) raionSi, kavkasiis samxreT ferdobebze,<br />
Tbilisi<strong>da</strong>n 120 km-Si, zRvis doni<strong>da</strong>n 1196 m simaRleze. saTxilamuro<br />
sezoni dekembri<strong>da</strong>n aprilamde grZeldeba. kurortis popularoba<br />
axlomdebare saqarTvelos samxedro gzam ganapiroba. kurortis<br />
pirveli moTxilamureebi xelovnurad Seqmnili sawevelebiT<br />
sargeblobdnen <strong>da</strong> mTaze Camosasrialeblad avtomobilis<br />
'lebiodkis' meSveobiT adiodnen.<br />
pirveli evropuli stan<strong>da</strong>rtis sastumro gu<strong>da</strong>urSi 1988 wels aSen<strong>da</strong><br />
(Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad sastumro "marko polo", amJamad "gu<strong>da</strong>uri"). amave<br />
periodSi Seiqna sabagiro gza, ramac ganapiroba kurortis Semdgomi<br />
ganviTareba. dResdReobiT moqmed sam <strong>da</strong> oTx adgilian sawevelebs<br />
moTxilamureebi 2000 metri<strong>da</strong>n 3006 m. simaRleze ahyavs (mTa<br />
kudebze). amJamad sul 4 sawevela funqcionirebs. saTxilamuro<br />
trasebis saerTo sigrZe 16 km-s Seadgens.<br />
suraTi 40.: gu<strong>da</strong>uris sqematuri ruka<br />
95
"axali gu<strong>da</strong>uris" ganaSenianebis regulirebis gegma<br />
iTvaliswinebs dReisaTvis <strong>da</strong>usaxlebel <strong>da</strong> auTvisebel<br />
teritoriaze, romelic zRvis doni<strong>da</strong>n 2 000-<strong>da</strong>n 2 500 metrze<br />
mdebareobs <strong>da</strong> warmoadgens alpur mdelos, axali 8-10 aTas kacamde<br />
tevadobis Tanamedrove alpuri tipis <strong>da</strong>saxlebis Seqmnas <strong>da</strong> misi<br />
arqiteqturul-gegmarebiTi, sainJinro <strong>da</strong> mTis<br />
infrastruqturisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli garemoebebis detalur<br />
Seswavlas, teritoriebis sivrciT-funqciur ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetas <strong>da</strong> samTo<br />
infrastruqturis ganviTarebis teqnologiuri <strong>da</strong> marketinguli<br />
detalebis analizs.<br />
saproeqto teritoriaze ganxorcielebulia maRali sizustis<br />
aeroga<strong>da</strong>Reba, <strong>da</strong>mzadebulia feradi cifruli orTofotoebi <strong>da</strong><br />
Seqmnilia 1:2 000-iani masStabis topografiuli ruka savele<br />
geodeziuri <strong>da</strong> aerofotogrammetriuli meTodebis kombinirebis<br />
safuZvelze.<br />
proeqti unikaluria imiT, rom <strong>da</strong>gegmareba mimdinareob<strong>da</strong><br />
auTvisebel teritoriaze <strong>da</strong> axali <strong>da</strong>saxleba srulad<br />
integrirebuli <strong>da</strong> Tavsebadia gu<strong>da</strong>urSi arsebul <strong>da</strong> perspeqtiul<br />
saTxilamuro arteriebTan, gu<strong>da</strong>uris arsebul ganaSenianebasTan <strong>da</strong><br />
rac mTavaria, gu<strong>da</strong>uris, rogorc erTiani samTo-saTxilamuro <strong>da</strong><br />
turistuli centris ganviTarebis koncefciasTan.<br />
suraTi 41. gu<strong>da</strong>uris sabagiro<br />
96
Tavi III<br />
samTo rekreaciuli kompleqsebis qalaqgegmarebiTi organizacia<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi<br />
specialistTa wina<strong>da</strong>debiT, mTavrobam un<strong>da</strong> moiwvios 50<br />
saerTaSoriso turistuli biznesis mimomxilveli, romlebic<br />
iqnebian amerikuli, kanaduri, inglisuri, franguli <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />
qveynebis masmediis warmomadgenelni. Jurnalistebma un<strong>da</strong> naxon<br />
SenarCunebuli istoriuli centrebi <strong>da</strong> Tavisufali ekonomika. aseve<br />
un<strong>da</strong> gaRrmavdes TanamSromloba saerTaSoriso turistul<br />
saagentoebTan; saWiroa, Catardes farTo sareklamo kampania<br />
libanur masmediaSi. un<strong>da</strong> gamouSvan gzamkvlevebi, bukletebi.<br />
qveyanam regularulad un<strong>da</strong> miiRos monawileoba saerTaSoriso<br />
gamofena-gayidvebSi. <strong>da</strong>gegmilia aseve “libanis kvireulis” Catareba<br />
londonsa <strong>da</strong> parizSi. yvela es RonisZieba gazrdis msoflios<br />
<strong>da</strong>interesebasa <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, turistTa nakadsac.<br />
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs olinsis moRvaweoba<br />
qveynis, rogorc erovnuli brendis, Camoyalibebis kuTxiT.<br />
saxelmwifos bren<strong>da</strong>d formireba, es aris absoluturad sxva<br />
<strong>da</strong>tvirTvisa <strong>da</strong> mimarTulebis, sxva wesebisa <strong>da</strong> meTodebis Semcveli<br />
saqmianoba, vidre romelime firmis an<strong>da</strong> korporaciis brendis Seqmna,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c yvelaferi korporatiul kulturasa <strong>da</strong> eTikas emorCileba.<br />
qveyanaze, rogorc brendze muSaobis pirobebSi aucilebelia<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mravali aspeqtis gaTvaliswineba; kerZod, rogoria<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva auditoriis mier qveynis aRqma; rogoria urTierTqmedeba<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxelmwifo struqturebTan, romlebic saxelmwifos<br />
ganviTarebisTvis umniSvnelovanes sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mimarTulebebze arian<br />
pasuxismgebelni; rogoria maT Soris koordinacia <strong>da</strong> saerTo<br />
strategia qveyana-brendis formirebisaTvis.<br />
axali kurortis axali obieqtebi 2010 wlis 24 dekembers man<br />
pira<strong>da</strong>d gaxsna. pirveli mestiis saerTaSoriso aeroporti iyo. "21-e<br />
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saukunis aeroports", romelic Tamar mefis saxels atarebs, 1200-<br />
metriani asafreni biliki, sakuTari sanavigacio sistema <strong>da</strong><br />
germaneli arqiteqtoris mier <strong>da</strong>proeqtebuli sruliad axali<br />
Senoba aqvs. axali sakurorto zonis saTxilamuro trasebic<br />
pirvelad prezidentma mosinja. hawvali-zuruldis axali<br />
saTxilamuro kompleqsi zRvis doni<strong>da</strong>n 2500 metris simaRleze<br />
mdebareobs. amJamad aq sami saTxilamuro trasaa, romelTa<br />
gamoyeneba sportuli Sejibrebebis Casatarebla<strong>da</strong>c SeiZleba.<br />
pirveli saTxilamuro trasis sigrZe 1400 metria. saTxilamuro<br />
kompleqsTan sastumro <strong>da</strong> restorani funqcionirebs.<br />
3.1. rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi KqalaqgegmarebiTi garemos kompleqsuri<br />
reorganizaciisaTvis<br />
3.1.1. samTo-rekriaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeulis gamovlena <strong>da</strong><br />
sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgena.<br />
kurortul-turistuli rekreaciis gegmarebiTi organizacia<br />
un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyofdes kurortologiuri <strong>da</strong> turistuli resursebis<br />
racionalur gamoyenebas bunebrivi landSaftis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong><br />
vizitorebisaTvis <strong>da</strong>svenebis, <strong>turizmis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> kurortuli<br />
mkurnalobis, <strong>da</strong> agrTve, adgilobrivi mosaxleobis Sromis, yofisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>svenebis gaumjobesebis mizniT.<br />
arqiteqturul-gegmarebiTi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis <strong>da</strong>muSaveba <strong>da</strong><br />
miReba saWiroebs bunebrivi pirobebisa <strong>da</strong> resursebis detalur<br />
Seswavlas <strong>da</strong> analizs, mxaris perspeqtiuli ganviTarebis<br />
prognozirebas <strong>da</strong> teritoriis ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebas sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
<strong>da</strong>niSnulebis mixedviT. saWiroa mxaris specifikuri Taviseburebebis<br />
gaTvaliswineba, mwvane nargavebis simravle, landSaftis iersaxe,<br />
kulturuli memkvidreobis ZeglTa mdebareoba, rac warmoadgens<br />
kurortul-turistuli rekreaciuli teritoriis proeqtirebis<br />
sayrden elementebs.<br />
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kurortul-turistuli rekriacia un<strong>da</strong> uzrunvelyofdes<br />
teritoriis aTvisebis maRal teqnikur-ekonomiur maCveneblebs, misi<br />
kompleqsuri ganviTarebis optimalur pirobebs, sa<strong>da</strong>c wamyvan<br />
adgils turistuli <strong>da</strong> sakurorto meurneoba <strong>da</strong>ikavebs.<br />
kurortul-turistuli rekreaciis <strong>da</strong>gegmarebis winaswar<br />
gaTvlili dro saWiroa iyos grZelvadiani, gaTvlili <strong>da</strong>axloebiT<br />
10-15 wlis perspeqtiviT, xolo pirveladi mSeneblobebisaTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>axloebiT 2-4 wlamde.<br />
kurortul-turistuli rekreaciis gegmarebiTi sazRvrebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sadgenad ZiriTad faqtorebs im interesebis mravalferovneba<br />
warmoadgens, romlebic <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia sakurorto-profilaqtikuri<br />
mkurnalobasTan, <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong>da</strong>svenebasa <strong>da</strong> turizmTan. sazRvrebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sadgenad gasaTvaliswinebelia mTavari <strong>da</strong> meorexarisxovani<br />
faqtorebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens am teritoriebis zomebze.<br />
D <strong>da</strong>, rac Zalzed mniSvnelovania, proeqtis sawyis etapze saWiroa<br />
konkretuli teritoriis sakuroto-turistuli meurneobis<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis gamosadegi teritoriebis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
(sakurorto mkurnaloba, <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong>da</strong>sveneba <strong>da</strong> turizmi) erT<br />
gegmarebiT erTeulamde <strong>da</strong>yvana <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>gegmarebiTi erTeulis<br />
sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgena,<br />
sakuroto-turistuli rekreaciis sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgenisas<br />
saWiroa gaviTvaliswinoT Semdegi faqtorebi:<br />
_sakuroto-turistul rekreaciuliULresursebis mikroklimatis<br />
Taviseburebebi;<br />
_ teritoriebi, perspeqtiuli ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebiT,<br />
romlebzec <strong>da</strong>igegmeba <strong>da</strong>sasvenebel-gamajansaRebeli <strong>da</strong><br />
turistulio sistemebis qseli <strong>da</strong> organizebuli bunebrivi<br />
kompleqsebi;<br />
_ bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> xelovnuri sazRvrebi, romlebiTac<br />
Semofarglulia rekreaciuli teritoria;<br />
99
_ erTiani gansaxlebisa <strong>da</strong> kulturul-sayofacxovrebo<br />
momsaxureobis sistemebi;<br />
_ moxerxebuli teritoriuli kavSirebis organizacia;<br />
_ erTiani centralizebuli sainJinro sistemebisa <strong>da</strong> maTi<br />
momsaxureobis uzrunvelyofa;<br />
sakuroto-turistuli rekreaciis sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgenisaTvis<br />
saWiroa sameurneo saqmianobisaTvis aucilebeli im sawarmoo Tu<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo resursebis gamovlena <strong>da</strong> gaTvaliswineba,<br />
romlis saSualebiTac SemdgomSi SesaZlebeli iqneba:<br />
aRniSnuli specifikisaTvis zianis miuyeneblad optimaluri<br />
zomisa <strong>da</strong> funqciis warmoebisa <strong>da</strong> sameurneo <strong>da</strong>rgebis ganviTareba.<br />
droebiT <strong>da</strong> mudmivi mosaxleobis adgilobrivi sakvebi<br />
produqtiT momaragebis uzrunvelyofa.<br />
sakurorto-turistuli momsaxureobis sferoSi<br />
Aadgilobrivi mosaxleobis <strong>da</strong>saqmeba.<br />
sakuroto-turistuli rekreaciis sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgena<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia rekreaciis perspeqtiul ganviTarebasTan, risTvisac<br />
teriroriis aTvisebis etapobriobis gamosavlenad e.w. “ganviTarebis<br />
zRurblis” moniSvnaa mizanSewonili. igi xasiaTdeba Tavisi fizika-<br />
geografiuli pirobebiT, teritoriis komfiguraciiT,<br />
momsaxureobis radiusebiT, rac mis moqmedebis areals garkveul<br />
wilad zRu<strong>da</strong>vs maSin, rodesac am “zRurblis” ga<strong>da</strong>laxva garkveul<br />
ekonomiur <strong>da</strong>sabuTebas moiTxovs.<br />
memkvidreobiT miRebuli mamulis <strong>da</strong>kanonebas svanebi<br />
savaldebulod ar miiCnevdnen,<br />
zoga<strong>da</strong>d, <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> ganviTarebis samTavrobo gegma ise<br />
SemuSav<strong>da</strong>, rom adgilobrivi mosaxleoba procesSi ar CarTula.<br />
amitomac, mestielebis interesi <strong>da</strong> problemebi ar aisaxa. mTavari<br />
problema miwebia.<br />
am kuTxeSi miwa arsebobis mTavari wyaroa,<br />
100
- miwis TiToeul gojs zustad gawerili sameurneo<br />
<strong>da</strong>niSnuleba aqvs, zogierT adgilze kartofilis kargi mosavali<br />
modis, zogan ki lobio an fetvi un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>iTesos. svaneTSi mcxovreb<br />
ojaxs aucileblad un<strong>da</strong> hqondes saTibi, radgan grZeli <strong>da</strong> mkacri<br />
zamTris pirobebSi saqoneli TiviT un<strong>da</strong> gamokvebon.<br />
- rom turistuli infrastruqturis ganviTareba maTTvis miwis<br />
warTmevis xarjze mimdinareobs:<br />
- istoriulad, svaneTSi saxnav-saTesi miwebi kerZo sakuTrebaSi<br />
iyo, saTib-saZovrebi <strong>da</strong> tye ki, saerTo saTemo sargeblobaSi. gar<strong>da</strong><br />
amisa, arsebob<strong>da</strong> e.w. xatis tye <strong>da</strong> miwa, romelic eklesiis<br />
moTxovnebisa <strong>da</strong> religiuri dResaswaulebisTvis gamoiyenebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
saTib-saZovriTa <strong>da</strong> tyiT sargeblobis process, saZovrebis<br />
monacvleobis, miwis ganawilebis Tu nakveTebis sazRvris <strong>da</strong>dgenis<br />
sakiTxebs tradiciulad maxvSi aregulireb<strong>da</strong>. kuTvnili nakveTebis<br />
sazRvrebis Taobaze adgilobrivebi erTmaneTSi arian SeTanxmebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> rogorc Tavad amboben, svaneTSi miwis nakveTi SemoRobili<br />
aravis aqvs. "haRvrolai" sxvisi kuTvnili miwis sazRvris <strong>da</strong>mrRvevs<br />
niSnavs <strong>da</strong> svaneTSi yvelaze Seuracxmyofel sityvad iTvleba.<br />
sakuroto-turistuli rekreaciis sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgenisas saWiroa<br />
teritoriis aTvisebis gaTvaliswineba. zRvispira rekreaciebisaTvis<br />
sazRvrebis lenturi ganlagebaa <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli, xolo mTian<br />
mxareebSi sazRvrebi Caketili wiris moxazulobas Rebulobs.<br />
sazRvrebi ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebulia mdinareebis xeobebSi, mTebis<br />
ferdobebze, kldovan ze<strong>da</strong>pirebze <strong>da</strong> sxva rTuli reliefis<br />
adgilebSi. rTuli reliefis pirobebSi bunebriv sazRvrebi TviTon<br />
mTis qedebi, mdinereebi <strong>da</strong> wyalsacavebi, aqtiuri mcocavi qanebi <strong>da</strong><br />
mewyeris adgilebi <strong>da</strong> a.S. warmoadgens.<br />
sakuroto-turistuli rekreaciebi iqmneba manamde arsebul<br />
administraciuli erTeulebis teritoriebze. mizanSewonilia maTi<br />
erTi administraciuli centris <strong>da</strong>qvendebarebis qveS yofna zogjer<br />
rekreqaciuli erTeulisa <strong>da</strong> aDministraciuli erTeulis sazRvrebi<br />
101
sur.42 sakurorto-rekreaciuli raionebis sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgenis<br />
principebi romlebic iTvaliswineben А- sakurorto-turistuli<br />
resursebis arsebobas, Б- teritoriis gamovlenas sakurorto qselis<br />
ganviTarebisTvis, В- bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> xelovnuri <strong>da</strong>brkolebebis<br />
gamovlenas, Г- gansaxlebisa <strong>da</strong> SromiTi kavSirebis saerTo sistemis<br />
organizacias, Д- kulturul-sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebis<br />
organizacias, Е- mosaxerxebel satransporto kavSirebis<br />
organizacias, Ж- sainJinro infrastruqturis saerTo sistemis<br />
Camoyalibebas. (g. beriZe. “saqarTvelos kurortebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong><br />
qalaqTmSeneblobiTi ganviTarebis principebi”- 2011 w.<br />
102
erTmaneTs emTxveva. rodesac ar xdeba aseTi <strong>da</strong>mTxveva ar<br />
aris gamoricxuliadministraciuli erTeulis sazRvrebis<br />
koreqtirebis momzadeba rekreaciuli erTeulis sazRvrebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT. sazRvrebi swored <strong>da</strong>dgenilad iTvleba Tu iZleva<br />
rekreaciis mSeneblobisa <strong>da</strong> teritoriis keTilmowyobis<br />
SesaZleblobas.<br />
sazRvrebi swored aris <strong>da</strong>dgenili, Tu mis SigniT moqceuli<br />
kompleqsuri proeqtis gegma Seesabameba mSeneblobisa <strong>da</strong><br />
teritoriis keTilmowyobis ganxorcielebad moTxovnebs.<br />
proeqtis realizaciis procesSi SesaZlebelia <strong>da</strong>dgenili<br />
sazRvrebis sakurorto mkurnalobis, <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
saxis <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebisaTvis sasikeTod, agreTve axlad<br />
gamovlenili bunebrivi pirobebis, axali saavtomobilo <strong>da</strong><br />
rkinigzis magistralebis, saWiro sainJinro nagebobebis <strong>da</strong> sxvaTa<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT koreqtireba.<br />
3.1.2. rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong>tvirTva<br />
rekreaciul resursebs gaaCnia tevadoba - anu Tviseba miiRos<br />
garkveuli raodenobis rekreanti <strong>da</strong> aitanos garkveuli<br />
antropogenuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebi bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> ekologiuri <strong>da</strong>rRvevebis<br />
gareSe. ganisazRvreba normebis mixedviT:<br />
antropogenuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTva, romlis normebi dgindeba sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
biogeocenozebTan mimarTebaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva bunebriv zonebSi<br />
gasaseirnebel, fexiT sasiarulo Tu saeqskursio saqmianobisas<br />
bunebrivi garemos ekologiuri dizbalansis Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis<br />
mizniT.<br />
<strong>da</strong>saSvebi zRvruli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebi _ antropoekologiuri<br />
normativebi, romelTa <strong>da</strong>rRvevas mivyavarT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva donis<br />
geosistemebis mdgradobis rRvevamde, rac a<strong>da</strong>mianebis<br />
janmrTelobis cvlilebebze aisaxeba.<br />
103
“rekreaciuli potenciali” bunebrivi resursebis tevadobasTaa<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli. rekreaciuli potenciali es aris Sefardeba<br />
faqtiur <strong>da</strong> zRvrulad <strong>da</strong>saSveb rekreantTa raodenobebisa,<br />
romelis rekreaciuli resursebis mravalferovnebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamomdinareabs. rekreaciuli potenciali agreTve SeiZlebaa<br />
ganvsazRvroT, rogorc teritoriis SesaZlebloba miiRos<br />
garkveuli (zRvruli) <strong>da</strong>msveneblis raodenoba, ris Sedega<strong>da</strong>c<br />
wonasworoba iqneba SenarCunebuli.<br />
rekreantTa raodenoba SesaZlebelia miviRoT normirebis sawyis<br />
sidided. saerTod rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis angariSis erTiani<br />
Camoyalibebuli azri ar arsebobs. sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva avtorebs sawyis<br />
sazom erTeulad miRebuli aqvT sxava<strong>da</strong>sxva maCveneblebi:<br />
_ im <strong>da</strong>msvenebelTa raodenoba, romlebic erTdroulad<br />
imyofebodnen teritoriis erTeul farTobze.<br />
_ im <strong>da</strong>msvenebelTa raodenoba, romlebic erTdroulad<br />
imyofebodnen teritoriis erTeul farTobze misi eqspluataciis<br />
garkveul periodSi.<br />
_ rekreantTa raodenoba rekreaciul obieqtebze sezonis dros erTi<br />
dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi;<br />
_ erTeuli drois ganmavlobaSi erTeul farTobze gamavali<br />
<strong>da</strong>msvenebelTa raodenoba;<br />
_ <strong>da</strong>svenebis garkveuli saxeobis gaTvaliswinebiT, mocemuli drois<br />
periodSi, erTeul farTobze erTdroulad myofi <strong>da</strong>msvenebelTa<br />
raodenoba;<br />
rekreaciul <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebs gaaCnia ori aspeqti _ raodenobrivi <strong>da</strong><br />
xarisxobrivi.<br />
raodenobrivi aspeqtSi arsebuli maCveneblebiT ufro<br />
metadxdeba Sefaseba rekreaciis teritoriaze <strong>da</strong>msvenebelTa<br />
stumrobis sixSiresa <strong>da</strong> imavdroul rekreaciul <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis,<br />
magram igi ar asaxavs realur <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebs. am maCveneblis<br />
raodenobriv aspeqtSi ganxilvisas saWiroa aisaxos ara marto<br />
104
ekreantTa raodenoba, garkveul drois erTeulSi garkveul<br />
teritoriis erTeulze, aramed rekreaciis obieqtze maTi<br />
stumrobis xangZlivoba. drois garkveul momentSi erTi <strong>da</strong> igive<br />
rekreantTa raodenoba SesaZloa gamoxatavdes, xangZlivobis<br />
mixedviT, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva rekreaciul <strong>da</strong>tvirTvas. es faqtori<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis meTodikis <strong>da</strong>Tvlis<br />
SemuSavebis dros rekreaciuli resursebis potencialis gaTvlisas.<br />
<strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis normebi calsaxad un<strong>da</strong> iyos gansazRvruli <strong>da</strong><br />
ar un<strong>da</strong> aRemetebodes rekreaciis moxmarebis <strong>da</strong>saSveb sidideebs.<br />
normebi un<strong>da</strong> ganisazRvros ara calcalke, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kriteriumebis<br />
mixedviT, aramed Sejerebulad, optimaluri maCveneblis gamoyvaniT<br />
rekreaciis zogierTi saxeobis teqnologiuri Taviseburebebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, <strong>da</strong>svenebis fsiqofiziologiuri komfortisa <strong>da</strong><br />
antropogenur <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebTan mimarTebaSi landSaftis simdgradis<br />
mixedviT. ganmsazRvreli mniSvneloba eniWeba normebs, <strong>da</strong>saSveb,<br />
imavdroul rekreaciul <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebs, romlebsac adgenen mTel<br />
weliwadsa <strong>da</strong> ufro xangZlivi drois periodze, rac rekreaciuli<br />
procesebis diskomfortis, landSaftis degra<strong>da</strong>ciisa, bunebrivi<br />
kompleqsebis e.w. “<strong>da</strong>Rlilobis” Tavi<strong>da</strong>n acilebis saSualebas<br />
iZleva.<br />
teritoriis rekreaciuli gamoyenebis <strong>da</strong>saSveb moculobebs<br />
iTvlian ararekreaciuli saqmianobis saxeebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
iseT teritoriebze, sa<strong>da</strong>c rekreaciuli saqmianobis gar<strong>da</strong> sxva<br />
saxis sameurneo saqmiamobsac aqvs adgili, rekreaciuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>tvirTvis normebi Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT <strong>da</strong>balia. aseTi normebi eqneba ufro<br />
realuri, im SesaZlebel normebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, ronlebic mxolod<br />
rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis teritoriebTan mimarTebaSi <strong>da</strong>iTvleba.<br />
xarisxobriv aspeqtSi arsebuli rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis normebi<br />
ar un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgindes teritoriis funqciur-sameurneo struqturis <strong>da</strong><br />
landSaftis analizis gareSe. pirvelrigSi un<strong>da</strong> gamoiyos<br />
landSaftur kompleqsebSi rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis mqone<br />
105
teritoriebi. Cveni gagbiT e saris bulebrivi <strong>da</strong> artropogenuri<br />
landSafturi kompleqsebi, romlebic gar<strong>da</strong>qmnilia <strong>da</strong> imarTeba<br />
rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong>niSnulebiT. landSaftur struqturaSi SeiZleba<br />
gamoiyos Semdegi rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong>tvirTtvis mqone erTeulebi:(<br />
botanikuri parkebi, dendro-parkebi; hidro-parkebi, bunebis Zeglebi,<br />
saparko xelovnebis Zeglebi, a.S.) arqiteqturuli, arqeologiuri<br />
kulturuli nakrZalebi: satyeo, saparko, sportuli <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
landSafturi kompleqsebis polifunqciuri gamoyenebas zogjer<br />
mivyavarT rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong> ararekreaciuli saqmianobebis<br />
konfliqtamdec, rac aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia normebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>dgenisas. zogierTi rekreaciuli saqmianobis limitirebuli<br />
faqtorebma (sanitaruli <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>culi zonebi, bunebrivi nakrZalebis<br />
obieqtebi, iSviaTi jiSis mcenareebisa <strong>da</strong> cxovelebis <strong>da</strong>culi<br />
teritoriebi <strong>da</strong> sxav...) SesaZloa minimumamde <strong>da</strong>iyvanis saerTod<br />
gamoricxon <strong>da</strong>saSvebi <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebi.<br />
aucilebelia teritoriis rekreaciuli sargeblobis<br />
struqturuli analizi imis gamo, rom <strong>da</strong>svenebis calkeuli<br />
saxeobebi erTmaneTisagan gansaxvavdeba teqnologiuri<br />
TaviseburebebiT <strong>da</strong> rekreaciuli procesis komfortis fsiqo<br />
fiziologiuri moTxovnebiT, <strong>da</strong> axdens araerTgvarovan drois<br />
xangZlivobis <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebs.<br />
sakurorto-turistul-rekreaciuli raionis tevedoba <strong>masobrivi</strong><br />
<strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong>aTvis gankuTvnil teritoriebze Semosuli<br />
droebiTi mosaxleobis raodenobrivi jamis tolia.<br />
droebiTi mosaxleoba _ <strong>da</strong>msveneblebi, turistebi, vizitorebi<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva funqciur zonebSi arian ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebuli, amitom mTeli<br />
raionis tevadoba calkeuli funqciuri zonebis tevadobebis jamis<br />
tolia.<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>xva <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis funqciuri zonebi moicavs<br />
teritoriebs, romlebzec ganlagebulia sakurorto turistul-<br />
rekreaciuli kompleqsebi. tevadobis gaangariSeba xdeba kompleqsebi<br />
106
ganaSenianebis gabaritebis, ganaSenianebisaTvis gamoyofili<br />
teritiriis farTobis , samkurnalo resursebis, samedicino-<br />
landSafturi zonirebis, klimaturi pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
samTo kompleqsebis tevadobis gamovlenis safuZvels warmoadgens<br />
proeqtirebis stadiaze rekreaciuli teritoriebis gamoyofa<br />
ekologiuri wonasworobis SenarCunebiT. ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d kompleqsebis<br />
tevadobas angariSoben ganaSenianebisaTvis vargisi teritoriebis<br />
mixedviT. magram, zogierTi avtori aRniSnavs, rom aucilebelia<br />
landSaftis moculobiTi SesaZleblobebis gamovlena adgilebis<br />
optimaluri ricxvis gasarkvevad, rac samTo-saTxilamuro<br />
kompleqsebSi saTxilamuro teritoriebis gamtarianobzea<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli. magaliTad k. bertoleti moTxilamureTa ricxvis<br />
gasarkvevad Semdeg Fformulas gvTavazobs.<br />
Cr=Rp+Rc+Nm / Tmt, (formula1)<br />
Rp=ab/90 x g , (formula2)<br />
Rc=Sc / 90 , (formula3)<br />
Cr –moTxilamureTa raodenoba,<br />
Rp -- trasebis moculobiTi SesaZleblobebi,<br />
Rc – saTxilamuro parkebisa <strong>da</strong> zeganebis<br />
moculobiTi SesaZleblobebi,<br />
Nm / Tmt sabagiroebis moculobiTi SesaZleblobebi,<br />
a,b - trasebis parametrebi,<br />
g - trasebis sirTulis koeficienti (0.8-1.1),<br />
90 – trasis teritoriis norma 1 moTxilamureze,<br />
Sc - saTxilamuro parkebisa <strong>da</strong> zeganebis<br />
farTobi;<br />
moTxilamureTa raodenobis <strong>da</strong>Tvlis miore xerxs gvTavazobs<br />
J.kliumeni:<br />
C=Nd / n, (formula4)<br />
n=Z / z , (formula5)<br />
107
C - trasebis moculobiTi SesaZleblobebi,<br />
N - erT dReSi trasebis eqspluataciisaTvis SesaZlebeli<br />
gamoyenebis saaTebis raodenoba anu dro;<br />
n- erTi moTxilamuris Camosvlebis raodenoba erT dReSi;<br />
d – saaTSi trasis gamtarunarianobam miaxloebiT 500 kaci;<br />
Z – meTxilamuras mier erT dRSi gavlil simaRleTa sxvaoba;<br />
z – trasis simaRleTa sxvaoba.<br />
samTo kompleqsis tevadobis <strong>da</strong>sadgenad mxolod saTxilamuro<br />
teritoriebis tevadobis <strong>da</strong>dgena ar aris sakmarisi. samTo<br />
kompleqsebi (mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi funqcionirebadi)<br />
mravalfunqciuria, amitom tevadoba ganisazRvreba ramdenime<br />
elementis sididiT: saTxilamuro teritoriebi, bunebrivi<br />
landSafti,Mmimdebare teritiriis vargisianoba xva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
<strong>da</strong>niSnulebis moednebis asaSeneblad. saWiroa ganisazRvros<br />
teritoriis saTxilamuro trasis normatiuli maCvenebeli erT<br />
moTxilamureze, rac SesaZlebelia ganisazRvros moTxilamureebs<br />
Soris usafrTxoebis mizniT <strong>da</strong>sacavi manZilis mixedviT.rogorc<br />
a.kiumeni aRniSnavs erTi mimarTulebis moTxilamureebi ar un<strong>da</strong><br />
miuaxlovdnen erTmaneTs 40 m.-ze metad. paralelurad moZravi<br />
moTxilamureebs Soris manZili 5 m.-ze naklebi ar una<strong>da</strong> iyos. aqe<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamimdinere moTxilamureze angariSoben 200 kv. m. farTobis trasas.<br />
kompleqsis tevadobis <strong>da</strong>dgena xdeba normatiuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis safuZvelze, mTeli <strong>da</strong>msveneblebis raodenobi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
moTxilamureebis xvedriTi wonis gaTvaliswinebiT formuliT:<br />
W1 = F1N1 / K1 (formula 6)<br />
W1 _ kompleqsis saangariSo tevadoba, gaangariSebuli<br />
saTxilamuro teritoriebis sididis mixedviT;<br />
F1 _ saTxilamuro teritoriebis farTobi (ha)<br />
N1 _Nnormatiuli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebi, (a<strong>da</strong>mian../ha.)<br />
K1 _ erTdrouli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis koeficienti.<br />
108
gaTvla formula (6) –iT xdeba maSin, rodesac saTxilamuro trasebi<br />
jer ar aris <strong>da</strong>tanili <strong>da</strong> maTi parametrebi (sigane <strong>da</strong> sigrZe) ar<br />
aris cnobili. Tu trasebis parametrebi gansazRvrulia,<br />
maSingaTvla un<strong>da</strong> moxdes (7)foermulis mixedviT rac iTvaliswinebs<br />
sabagiro vgzebi moculobiT SesaZleblobebs (gamtarianobas).<br />
W2 = F2N2 K2 / K1 (formula 7)<br />
W2_ kompleqsis saangariSo tevadoba, gaangariSebuli yvela<br />
saTxilamuro teritoriebis sididis mixedviT;<br />
F2_ saTxilamuro teritoriebis farTobi (ha)<br />
N2 _NsaTxilamuro trasis normatiuli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebi, (a<strong>da</strong>mian../ha.)<br />
K1 _ erTdrouli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis koeficienti<br />
K2 _ sabagiro gzebisa <strong>da</strong> saTxilamuro trasebis tevadobis<br />
fardobis koeficienti erTdrouli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis dros:<br />
K1 koeficienti cvalebadia, <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia kompleqsis<br />
adgilmdebareobis absoliutur simaRlesze <strong>da</strong> funqcionirebis<br />
droze. igi icvleba 0,3 – 0,9 sazRvrebSi.<br />
K1 koeficienti or sistemas Soris kavSirebis gamomxatvelia:<br />
“saTxilamuro trasebi <strong>da</strong> sabagiro gzebi”, <strong>da</strong> ramdena<strong>da</strong>c,<br />
sistemis normaluri funqcionirebisaTvis Sesabamis Semadgenel<br />
nawilebs un<strong>da</strong> hqondeT erTnairi moculobiT SesaZleblobebI<br />
(gamtarianoba), K2 iReben 2_is tol sidides. samTo kompleqsis<br />
saangariSo tevadoba bunebrivi landSaftis gaTvaliswinebiT<br />
ganisazRvreba formuliT<br />
:W3 = F3N3 / K3 (formula 8)<br />
W3_ kompleqsis saangariSo tevadoba, gaangariSebuli bunebrivi<br />
landSaftis gaTvaliswinebiT;<br />
F3_ bunebrivi landSaftebis saerTo farTobi (ha)<br />
N3 _ normatiuli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebi, (a<strong>da</strong>mian../ha.)<br />
K3 _ erTdrouli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis koeficienti<br />
109
es formula gamoxatavs farobiTobas bunebrivi landSaftze<br />
<strong>da</strong>saSvebi <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis <strong>da</strong> kompleqsis tevadobas Soris. bunebrivi<br />
landSaftebis saerTo farTobi (kompleqsis miwaTsargeblobis<br />
sazRvrebSi) proqtis gegmarebis stadiaze ganisazRvreba.<br />
kompleqsis tevadoba Mmimdebare teritiriis vargisianoba xva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
samSeneblox<strong>da</strong>niSnulebisaTvis iTvleba Semdego formuliT:<br />
W4 = S &bruto (formula 9)<br />
W4 _ kompleqsis saangariSo tevadoba, gaangariSebuli Mmimdebare<br />
vargisiani teritiriebis gaTvaliswinebiT;(a<strong>da</strong>mian.)<br />
S _ Mmimdebare vargisiani teritiriebis farTobi (ha)<br />
&bruto _ <strong>da</strong>msvenebelTa simWidrove bruto(Aa<strong>da</strong>m./ ha.).<br />
kompleqsis tevadobis saboloo gaangariSebisaTvis saWiroa misi<br />
funqcionirebis xelsayreli dro. mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi<br />
funqcionirabadi kompleqsebis tevadoba iTvleba (7), (8), (9)<br />
furmulebis mixedviT. ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d zamTris periodSi<br />
funqcionirebadi kompleqsebs un<strong>da</strong> hqondeT tevdoba romelic<br />
ganisazRvreba (7), (9) furmulebis mixedviT. <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis<br />
saoriemtacio normativebi kompleqsis gansxvavebul teritoriebze<br />
<strong>da</strong> agreTve koeficientebi erTdrouli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebisa mocemulia<br />
qvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi:<br />
kompleqsebis<br />
teritoriis<br />
farTobi (ha)<br />
saTxilamuri<br />
bteritoria<br />
saTxilamuri trasa 50<br />
bunebrivi<br />
landSafti<br />
tye;<br />
tye-parkebi<br />
normatiuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>tvirTva(a<strong>da</strong>mian../ha.)<br />
erTdrouli<br />
<strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis<br />
koeficienti<br />
4 0,3 - 0,9<br />
10<br />
75 - 100<br />
0,6<br />
110
ekreaciuli resursis tevadoba – es aris <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong>Tvis<br />
mimzidveli teritoriis an akvatoriis unari fsiqo-fizikuri<br />
komfortiTa <strong>da</strong> sportul-gamajansaRebeli saqmianobiT uzrunvelyos<br />
<strong>da</strong>msvenebelTa garkveuli raodenoba, bunebrivi garemosa <strong>da</strong><br />
antropokulturuli kompleqsebi (sasoflo-sameurneo, satyeo<br />
meurneobis, istoriuli <strong>da</strong> sxva) degra<strong>da</strong>ciis gareSe am teritoriaze<br />
(akvatoriaze) <strong>da</strong> specialuri teqnika-mowyobilobebis.<br />
rekreaciuli tevadoba iseve rogorc <strong>da</strong>saSvebi rekreaciuli<br />
<strong>da</strong>tvirTva gamoixateba a<strong>da</strong>mianTa raodenobaSi (an a<strong>da</strong>mian/saaTebis)<br />
farTobis an rekreaciuli obieqtis erTeulze drois garkveul<br />
monakveTSi.<br />
rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis Sefasebis dros ganixileba mxolod<br />
bunebrivi kompleqsebisa <strong>da</strong> rekreaciuli obieqtebis gamZleoba,<br />
xolo rekreaciuli tevadobis Sefasebis dros yuradReba eqceva<br />
agreTve <strong>da</strong>msvenebelTa komfortis xarisxsac eqceva, maT Soris<br />
<strong>da</strong>msvenebelTa ga<strong>da</strong>Warbebuli raodenobis SemTxvevaSi erTeul<br />
<strong>da</strong>msvenebelze maTi <strong>zemo</strong>qmedebac un<strong>da</strong> vigulisxmoT.<br />
ukanaskneli maCveneblis gaTvaliswinebiT, tyis rekreaciuli<br />
tevadoba ganisazRvreba ara umetes xuTi kac/dRisa erT heqtarze,<br />
xolo gautyianebel teritoriebze ufro naklebzec (<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia<br />
reliefis xasiaTzec, raTa rac SeiZleba naklebi iyos jgufebs<br />
Soris kontaqtis saSualeba).<br />
Teoriuli gaTvlebiT, rekreaciuli tevadoba Seesabameba HerTi<br />
milioni kac/dRe <strong>da</strong>msvenebels weliwadSi 150-250 aTas ha<br />
teritoriaze<br />
. 3.2 samTo-rekreaciuli kompleqsis ganviTarebis<br />
uzrunvelmyofi sakomunikacio sistemebi<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong>, iseve<br />
rogorc zoga<strong>da</strong>d turistuli industriis ganviTarebis umTavres<br />
winapirobas satransporto infrastruqturis mravalferovnebis<br />
uzrunvelyofa <strong>da</strong> maTi xarisxobrivi maCveneblebis gazr<strong>da</strong><br />
111
warmoadgens.* <strong>turizmis</strong> momavali mTlianad transportis<br />
komfortul momsaxurebaze, usafrTxoebasa <strong>da</strong> siCqarezea<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli, rac gansakuTrebiT xelSesaxebi maRalmTiani<br />
raionebis specifiur pirobebSi vlindeba.<br />
araxelsayrelma ekonomiur-geografiulma, kerZod,<br />
satransporto-geografiulma mdebareobam mniSvnelovnad Seaferxa<br />
raionis ganviTareba <strong>da</strong> erTerTi mizezia imisa, rom <strong>svaneTis</strong><br />
bunebriv–ekonomiuri resursebi aqamde arasakmarisad aris<br />
gamovlenili <strong>da</strong> aTvisebuli.<br />
ugzoobis Sedegad svaneTi wlis umetes periodSi mniSvnelovan<br />
wilad wydeba gare samyaros. rTuli samTo klimatur-geologiuri<br />
garemo,. sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis simcire, maTi <strong>da</strong>muSavebis Zneli<br />
pirobebi <strong>da</strong> ugzooba, transportis magistraluri saxis _<br />
rkinigzis uqonlobasTan erTad mniSvnelovnad aferxebs <strong>zemo</strong><br />
<strong>svaneTis</strong> sameurneo ganviTarebas.<br />
<strong>svaneTis</strong> amJamindelma satransporto infrastruqturam<br />
imisaTvis, rom turistuli industriis ganviTarebis aucilebel<br />
moTxovnebsa <strong>da</strong> axal gamowvevebs upasuxos, seriozuli<br />
saxecvlilebebi un<strong>da</strong> ganicados.<br />
transportma pirvelxarisxovani roli un<strong>da</strong> Seasrulos mTiani<br />
tertoriebis bunebrivi pirobebisa <strong>da</strong> arsebuli resursebis ukeT<br />
gamoyenebaSi.<br />
Tumca isec aRsaniSnavia, rom <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> turistuli<br />
industriis ganviTareba mxolod <strong>da</strong> mxolod am industriis<br />
umTavresi ekonomikuri Rirebulebis _ xeluxlebeli <strong>da</strong> naklebad<br />
saxeSecvlili bunebrivi garemos maqsimalurad SenarCunebis gziT<br />
aris SesaZlebeli <strong>da</strong> ekologiis, usafrTxoebis <strong>da</strong> komfortis<br />
moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes.<br />
naSromi miznad isaxavs aRniSnuli pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT,<br />
<strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro<br />
arsebuli <strong>da</strong> gansaviTarebeli satransporto infrastruqturis<br />
112
Sefasebasa <strong>da</strong> klasifikacias; calkeuli saxeobebis <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis,<br />
mniSvnelobisa <strong>da</strong> mdgomareobis warmodgenas.<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong>da</strong>svenebis <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong><br />
ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebeli CamonaTvali moicavs satransporto<br />
infrastruqturis (rkinigzis gamoklebiT) mniSvnelovan speqtrs,<br />
sai<strong>da</strong>nac Tavis mxriv SeiZleba gamovyoT: jgufi romelic obieqtze<br />
turistis miyvanis saSualebas warmoadgens (aviaxazebi;<br />
magistraluri <strong>da</strong> Si<strong>da</strong> moxmarebis gzebi; sabagiro gzebi;) <strong>da</strong> jgufi,<br />
romelic sakomunikacio funqciasTan erTad amavdroulad Tava<strong>da</strong>c<br />
warmoadgens turistul obieqts: („jipis“ trasebi; velosipedis<br />
trasebi; saTxilamuro trasebi; mTasvlelTa marSrutebi; sacxenosno<br />
<strong>da</strong> fexiT mosiaruleTa turistuli bilikebi <strong>da</strong> gzebi, maT Soris<br />
kulturuli memkvidreobis ZeglebTan mimavali marSrutebi.)<br />
aviaxazebi;M<br />
rTuli sagzao pirobebis gamo mestiis mimarTulebiT mgzavrobis<br />
erT-erTi popularul saxeobas sahaero transporti warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />
mestiis aerodromi yoveldRiurad mgzavrTa sixSiri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong><br />
meteorologiuri pirobebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare AH-2 tipis TviTmfrinaviT<br />
quTaisi<strong>da</strong>n 10-mde reisis, zugdidi<strong>da</strong>n - 3-4 reisis, xolo soxumi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
<strong>da</strong> Tbilisi<strong>da</strong>n - 1-2 reisis miRebas axerxeb<strong>da</strong>; Tumca un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas,<br />
rom aerodromis, TviTmfrinavis <strong>da</strong> sanavigacio aRWurvilobis mwiri<br />
SesaZleblobebi ar iZleo<strong>da</strong> klimaturi <strong>da</strong> meteorologiuri<br />
barierebis <strong>da</strong>Zlevis <strong>da</strong> mgzavrTa realuri moTxovnebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>kmayofilebis SesaZleblobas. Ddidi rigebi, xangrZlivi c<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
ga<strong>da</strong>debuli reisebi Cveulebriv praqtikas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>.<br />
სულ ახლახან mestiaSi განხორციელდა aerodromis reabilitacia.<br />
saproeqto samuSaoebi qarTvel specialistebTan erTad amerikul-<br />
bulgarulma kompania ATM Project and Solutions-ma ganaxorciela.<br />
მესტიის axali აეროდრომი, romlis safreni zoli 1200 მეტრი<br />
sigrZisaa, თანამედროვე და საერთაშორისო სტანდარტებს პასუხობს და<br />
113
სანავიგაციო სისტემის უახლესი ტექნოლოგიური საშუალებებით არის<br />
აღჭურვილი. Aaeroporti ერთდროულად რამდენიმე მსუბუქი<br />
თვითმფრინავის და ვერტმფრენის მიღებას შეძლებს <strong>da</strong> სამოქალაქო<br />
aviaciasTan erTad სასაზღვრო პოლიციის ავიაციასac მოემსახურება.<br />
Aaeroportis რეკონსტრუქციის შემდეგ mestiaSi საჰაერო მიმოსვლა<br />
Tbilisi<strong>da</strong>n erT saaTs ar ga<strong>da</strong>acilebs, xolo foTi<strong>da</strong>n, baTumi<strong>da</strong>n,<br />
quTaisi<strong>da</strong>n დაახლოებით 30 წუთი gagrZeldeba.<br />
rac Seexeba <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> Si<strong>da</strong> aviaxazebs, igi mTlianad<br />
ვერტმფრენის specilizirebuli sahaero qseliT <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi<br />
vertrodromebiT iqneba uzrunvelyofili.<br />
aviaxazebis ამოქმედებa მნიშვნელოვნად გაზრდis <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi<br />
ჩამომსვლელი ტურისტების რაოდენობas.<br />
magistraluri gzebi;<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> satransporto kavSirebi amJamad sakmaod<br />
SezRudulia. kodoris, <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>da</strong> kavkasionis qedebs Soris<br />
moqceuli <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTi uSualo satransporto kavSirebs<br />
saxmeleTo komunikaciiT mxolod samxreT mimarTulebiT amyarebs:<br />
samegrelosTan. --- zugdidi-jvari-mestia-lasdilis saavtomobilo<br />
gziT <strong>da</strong> qvemo svaneTTan, uSguli-ailama-lentexis gruntis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>sasvleliT, Semdeg raWasa <strong>da</strong> imereTTan __ quTaisi-wyaltubo-<br />
cageri-lentexi-lasdilis saavtomobilo gziT.<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad sabWoTa kavSiris arsebobis periodSi<br />
ganxorcielebuli mniSvnelovani sagzao mSeneblobebisa<br />
satransporto momsaxureobis doniT svaneTi Zalian CamorCebo<strong>da</strong><br />
kavkasionis samxreT kalTebze mdebare sxva raionebs (raWa; leCxumi;<br />
samaCablo <strong>da</strong> sxva.) mestia_zugdidis magistraluri saavtomobilo<br />
gzis (gadis mTel sigrZeze md. enguris xeobaSi) mSenebloba me-20<br />
saukunis 20-iani wlebis bolos <strong>da</strong>iwyo <strong>da</strong> srulyofili<br />
114
gzatkecilis saxe mxolod 1941 wels miiRo. posatsabWoTa periodSi<br />
gza mxolod ngrevasa <strong>da</strong> deformacias ganicdi<strong>da</strong>. arasakmarisad<br />
xorcieldebo<strong>da</strong> satransporto momsaxureoba, rac Tavis mxriv<br />
sakmaod zrdi<strong>da</strong> tvirTzidvis TviTRirebulebas.<br />
zugdidi-jvari-mestia-lasdilis saavtomobilo gzis<br />
funqcionaluri potenciis, moZraobis usafrTxoebis pirobebis <strong>da</strong><br />
sruli <strong>da</strong>tvirTviT gamoyenebis mizniT 2010 wli<strong>da</strong>n mimdinareobs<br />
mniSvnelovani sareabilitacio samuSaoebi.* gza Si<strong>da</strong><br />
saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobisaa <strong>da</strong> ze<strong>da</strong> svaneTs, <strong>da</strong>ba mestiasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> mestiis raionis soflebs zugdidis raionTan <strong>da</strong><br />
Tbilisi_senaki_leseliZis saavtomobilo magistralTan akavSirebs.<br />
gzis sruli reabilitaciis Sedegad manqaniT mgzavroba Tbilisi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
mestiamde 11-<strong>da</strong>n 8 saaTamde Semcirdeba, xolo mgzavrobas mestiamde<br />
zugdidi<strong>da</strong>n _ 3,0 saaTi, anklii<strong>da</strong>n _ 3,5 saaTi, foTi<strong>da</strong>n ki 4<br />
saaTi <strong>da</strong>sWirdeba.<br />
Tumca rekonstruirebuli magistraluri saavtomobilo gzis<br />
amoqmedebiT gamowveuli <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi CasulTa raodenobis zrdisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> adgilobriv satransporto saSualebebze <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis<br />
mniSvnelovani matebis Sedegad kidev ufro metad gamovlindeba<br />
amJamad arsebul satransporto komunikaciebis problemebi:<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxlebebs ASoris satransporto kavSirebis <strong>da</strong>bali done;<br />
Si<strong>da</strong>sa<strong>da</strong>bo sazogadoebrivi transportis ararseboba; quCebis<br />
safaris cudi mdgomareoba; <strong>da</strong>bis quCebSi qveiTTa <strong>da</strong><br />
avtomobilebis, marxilebis, saqonlis moZraobis ukontroloba;<br />
savelosipedo bilikebis ararseboba; regionuli mniSvnelobis<br />
saavtomobilo gzis <strong>da</strong>bis centrze gavla; <strong>da</strong>bis centralur quCaze<br />
satvirTo manqanebis moZraobis gamo gamowveuli <strong>da</strong>mtverianeba,<br />
xmauri, qveiTTaTvis saSiSroeba.<br />
mxolod am problemebis kompleqsurad ga<strong>da</strong>Wris SemTxvevaSi,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c amavdroulad prioritetulia xeluxlebeli <strong>da</strong> naklebad<br />
115
saxeSecvlili bunebrivi garemos maqsimalurad SenarCuneba _<br />
srulad iqneba gamoyenebuli <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> rogorc, lokaluri<br />
socialur-ekonomikuri, aseve mTeli saqarTvelosaTvis Zalzed<br />
mniSvnelovani turistuli seqtoris potenciali.<br />
zugdidi-jvari-mestia-lasdilis saavtomobilo gzis<br />
reabilitaciis saproeqto <strong>da</strong>valebis Tanaxmad miRebulia gzis<br />
Semdegi ZiriTadi teqnikuri parametrebi:<br />
gzis kategoria – IV<br />
miwis vakisis sigane – 8.0 m<br />
savali nawilis sigane – 6.0 m<br />
gverdulebis sigane – 1.0 m<br />
sagzao samosis tipi – kapitaluri<br />
<strong>da</strong>kvalvis minimaluri radiusi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d 30 m-is tolia.<br />
calkeul SemTxvevbSi; kerZod viwro, Rrma xevebSi gamoyenebulia 11-<br />
20m sididis radiusebi.<br />
sayuradReboa agreTve proeqtis farglebSi warmodgenil<br />
prognozis maCveneblebi:<br />
cxrili 1. samgzavro transportis intensiobis prognozi<br />
(avtomobili/dReRameSi orive mimarTulebiT)<br />
wlebi xaiSis monakveTi<br />
2009<br />
2015<br />
msubuqi<br />
avtomob.<br />
618<br />
1351<br />
mini avtob. didi avtob.<br />
128<br />
89<br />
11<br />
21,6<br />
cxrili 2, xaiSis ubani: jamuri satvirTvo ga<strong>da</strong>zidvebi<br />
(avtomobili/dReRameSi orive mimarTulebiT)<br />
116
wlebi mcire<br />
2009<br />
2015<br />
satvirTo<br />
19<br />
12,4<br />
saSualo<br />
satvirTo<br />
19<br />
18<br />
didi<br />
satvirTo<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>bmuli jamuri<br />
. gare transportis maCveneblebi <strong>da</strong> saxeobebi <strong>da</strong>angariSebulia<br />
1988 wels <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi CasulTa maqsimaluri (pikuri) Tviuri<br />
raodenobis _ 20000 a<strong>da</strong>mianis odenobiT _ romelSic Sedio<strong>da</strong><br />
adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, <strong>da</strong>msveneblebi, mivlinebulebi <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />
maqsimalur sadReRamiso <strong>da</strong>tvirTvad miiRebo<strong>da</strong> 1500 kaci, romlebic<br />
nawildebodnen gare transportis saxeobebis mixedviT Semdegnairad:<br />
TviTmfrinavi _ 450 kaci (15 reisi);<br />
18<br />
15<br />
avtobusiT _ 80 kaci (4 avtobusi);<br />
miniavtobusi _ 500 kaci (48 miniavtobusi);<br />
msubuqi avtomanqaniT _ 470 kaci (235 avtomanqana).<br />
1,6<br />
5<br />
57,6<br />
50,4<br />
gaangariSebis Tanaxmad, perspeqtivaSi, 2015 wels, es monacemebi<br />
Semdegnairad gamoiyureba: pikuri Tviuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTva _ 50000 kaci;<br />
dReRameSi CamosulTa maqsimaluri raodenoba _2500 kaci, maT Soris:<br />
TviTmfrinavi <strong>da</strong> vertmfreni _900 kaci (20 + 10 reisi);<br />
avtobusiT _ 220 kaci (11 .avtobusi);<br />
miniavtobusiT _ 400 kaci (40 miniavtobusi);<br />
msubuqi avtomanqaniT _ 920 kaci (490 avtomanqana).<br />
„jipis“ trasebi:<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> gzebs Soris arc Tu ise cotaa gzebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
asfaltis safari jarac ar gamouyenebiaT. Uun<strong>da</strong> vigulisxmoT, rom<br />
aseTi gzebis mimarT moasfaltebis gansakuTrebuli moTxovna ar<br />
<strong>da</strong>mdgara <strong>da</strong> Tu moasfaltebis aucilebloba raime axali funqciuri<br />
<strong>da</strong>niSnulebiT ar ganisazRvra, sasurvelia gruntis gzebis<br />
SenarCuneba, raTa aRniSnuli gzebi, sxva, specialurad am<br />
117
miznisTvis Seqmnil gruntis gzebTan erTad “jipturebis”<br />
mosawyobad iqnas gamoyenebuli.<br />
“jipturi” Znelad misadgom RirSesaniSnav adgilebSi<br />
turistuli laSqrobis mowyobis mSvenier SesaZleblobas<br />
warmoadgens.<br />
suraTi 43. jipturizmi<br />
imis mixedviT Tu piradi monawileobis ra saxiT erTveba<br />
turisti marSrutSi, SesaZlebelia jipturis sam kategoriad <strong>da</strong>yofa:<br />
turisti TviTon marTavs jips; turists marTvis dros Tan axlavs<br />
gid-instruqtori; jips marTavs gid-instruqtori.<br />
jipturis trasebs agreTve yofen sirTulis mixedviTac:<br />
Aadvili <strong>da</strong> saSualo sirTulis trasebs ganekuTvebian<br />
myarsafariani gruntis gzebi, romelTac ar gaaCniaT raime<br />
saxis Znelad ga<strong>da</strong>salaxavi winaRobebi. aseTi saxis trasebi<br />
rogorc wesi SeZlebis<strong>da</strong>gvarad gankuTvnilia bunebis Tu<br />
kulturis ZeglebTan misasvlelad;<br />
118
maRali sirTulis trasebi specialurad ewyoba <strong>da</strong> gamoiyeneba<br />
eqstremaluri sportis samoyvarulo an profesiuli<br />
SejibrebebisaTvis; yvelanairi off-road mowyobilobebis<br />
moxmarebisa <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebis swavlebisaTvis <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />
jipturizmi SesaniSnavi saSualebaa safexmavlo<br />
turizmsaTvis, moumzadebel an turistTa xan<strong>da</strong>zmul<br />
kontigents Seuqmnas pirobebi Znelad misadgomi<br />
RirSesaniSnaobebi gafarToebuli moculobiT <strong>da</strong> uSualo<br />
siaxloves ixilon;<br />
jipturizms gaaCnia rigi utyuari upiratesobebi <strong>da</strong><br />
SesaZlebloba _ imogzauro mcire kompaniiT; gazardo<br />
saeqskursio programis moculoba; Tavi<strong>da</strong>n aicilo momqancveli<br />
fizikuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebi <strong>da</strong> aucilebloba ataro mZime samgzavro<br />
tvirTebi;.<br />
jipturizmi moiTxovs agreTve usafrTxoebisa <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi<br />
teqnikuri momsaxurebis qselis mowyobas, xels uwyobs momsaxurebis<br />
<strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad sameurneo sferos ganviTarebas.<br />
amasTan, un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos rom jipturizmi garkveulwilad<br />
exmaureba <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> turistuli industriis ganviTarebis<br />
programul moTxovnas _ maqsimalurad SeinarCunos xeluxlebeli<br />
<strong>da</strong> naklebad saxeSecvlili bunebrivi garemo.<br />
velosipedis trasebi;<br />
ganuxrelad matulobs veloturizis popularoba mTels<br />
msoflioSi. veloturisaTvis yvelanairi gzebi, maT Soris<br />
bilikebic ki gamosadegia, Tumca myarsafarian magistralebze<br />
velosipedisaTvis Sesabamisi zolis gamoyofaa sasurveli.<br />
Mmiuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom velo<strong>turizmis</strong> moTxovnebi gzebis mimarT<br />
umniSvneloa, seriozul uzrunvelyofas moiTxovs velo<strong>turizmis</strong><br />
teqnikuri <strong>da</strong> materialuri baza. gaqiravebis, usafrTxoebis <strong>da</strong><br />
119
Sesabamisi teqnikuri momsaxurebis qseli moiTxovs <strong>da</strong><br />
uzrunvelyofs kvalificiuri kadrebis <strong>da</strong>saqmebas <strong>da</strong> Tavis mxriv<br />
xels uwyobs momsaxurebis <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad sameurneo sferos<br />
ganviTarebas.<br />
velosipediT mogzauroba ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis sxva saxeobebTan<br />
Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT rigi upiratesobebiT gamoirCeva _ velosipeds ar<br />
sWirdeba sawvavi, aris maRali gamavlobis transporti, rTul<br />
situaciebSi ki misi xeliT ga<strong>da</strong>tanac aris SesaZlebeli.<br />
velosipediT mogzauroba bevrad ufro sasiamovnoa, vidre fexiT _<br />
Tqven nakleb energias <strong>da</strong>xarjavT <strong>da</strong> arc ise <strong>da</strong>iRlebiT. fexiT<br />
mogzaurobaze nakleb problemuria <strong>da</strong> arc zurgCanTa SegawuxebT.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom aSS_s saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos<br />
mier <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi turistuli infrastruqturis proeqtis<br />
mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris farglebSi muSaobas iwyebs velosipedebis gaqiravebis<br />
samsaxuri.<br />
amasTan, un<strong>da</strong> aRiniSnos rom veloturizmi garkveulwilad<br />
exmaureba <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> turistuli industriis ganviTarebis<br />
programul moTxovnas _ maqsimalurad SeinarCunos xeluxlebeli<br />
<strong>da</strong> naklebad saxeSecvlili bunebrivi garemo.<br />
sabagiro gzebi <strong>da</strong> saTxilamuro trasebi;<br />
samToklimaturi turistuli zonebis ganviTarebisaTvis, maTi<br />
gamarTuli funqcionirebisaTvis sabagiro gzebi satransporto<br />
infrastruqturis erTerT ZiriTad saxeobas warmoadgenen.<br />
sabagiro gza transportis erTaderTi saSualebaa, romelic<br />
miwis ze<strong>da</strong>piris siaxloves, vertikalur sibrtyeSi, 45° <strong>da</strong> meti<br />
qanobis ga<strong>da</strong>laxvis saSualebas iZleva.<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi sabagiro gza 70-iani wlebi<strong>da</strong>n funqcionireb<strong>da</strong>;<br />
postsabWoTa periodSi sabagiro gza uyuradRebobisa <strong>da</strong><br />
mouvlelobis gamo gapartax<strong>da</strong>; ar xorcieldebo<strong>da</strong> momsaxureoba.<br />
120
saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros cnobiT,<br />
mestiis samTo-saTxilamuro kurortis ganviTarebis gegmisa <strong>da</strong><br />
koncefciis Seqmnaze muSaobs avstriuli kompania "AaustrianAalpine<br />
kompetens". isini agegmareben mestiis saTxilamuro trasebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
sabagiroebs. maTTan erTad mestiaSi Camosuli iyo Sveicarul-<br />
belgiuri biznes-jgufic, romlebic am regionSi investiciebis<br />
ganxorcielebas gegmaven.<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis<br />
programis farglebSi mimdinareobs mestiis sabagiro gzis<br />
reabilitacia.<br />
2010 wlis bolos AaRdgeba sabagiro gza <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisi trasa.<br />
maTTan erTad <strong>da</strong>gegmilia 2 axali sabagiro gzis mSenebloba.<br />
aSendeba agreTveE rva kilometriani sabagire gza sami ganStoebiT.<br />
mTlianad momavalSi 40-50 sabagire gzis mSeneblobaa <strong>da</strong>gegmili.<br />
mZlavri turistuli industriis samToklimatur kurortebze<br />
sabagiro gzebis gamoyenebis mravalmxriv <strong>da</strong>niSnulebaTa Soris<br />
umTavresia urTierTkavSiri saTxilamuro trasebTan. saSualod<br />
msoflioSi erT saTxilamuro kompleqsze 6-7 meqanikuri sabagiro<br />
amwe modis.<br />
sabagiro gzebisa <strong>da</strong> saTxilauro trasebis swori ganTavseba<br />
mTiani masivebis ferdobebze <strong>da</strong> sxva elemantebTan samTo-<br />
saTxilamuro centrebis rentabelurobisa <strong>da</strong> mdgradobis safuZvels<br />
warmoadgens.<br />
un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas, rom trasebis umTavresi momxmarebeli saSualo<br />
sirTulis trasebze modis: evropuli gamocdilebiT 30% <strong>da</strong>xris<br />
saTxilamuro trasis sabagiroebi bevrad ufro anazRaurebadia,<br />
vidre didi <strong>da</strong>qanebis mqone trasebis momsaxure sabagiroebi.<br />
24% moTxilamureebi srialeben trasebze saSualo <strong>da</strong>xriT 15%.<br />
64% moTxilamureebi_trasebze saSualo <strong>da</strong>xriT 15-<strong>da</strong>n-_30%-mde.<br />
9% moTxilamureebi_trasebze saSualo <strong>da</strong>xriT 30-<strong>da</strong>n-_ 35% -mde.<br />
3% moTxilamureebi_trasebze saSualo <strong>da</strong>xriT >35%.<br />
121
sacxenosno <strong>da</strong> fexiT mosiaruleTa turistuli bilikebi;<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi pirveli samanqano gza zugdidi<strong>da</strong>n mestiamde 1934<br />
wels gaiWra, manamade mxolod saurme, safexosno <strong>da</strong> sacxenosno<br />
bilikebi arsebob<strong>da</strong>. maT Soris calke jgufad un<strong>da</strong> ganvixiloT<br />
CrdiloeTiT, ruseTis federaciaSi ga<strong>da</strong>mavali, ocamde sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva<br />
sirTulis istoriuli uReltexili, romelTa simaRle 3160 მ-დან<br />
3860 მ-მდე მერყეობს. aRniSnuli gzebi amJamad umetesad turistuli<br />
mizniT gamoiyeneba. zogierTi maTgane sapalne transportisTvisaa<br />
gankuTvnili, umravlesoba _ qveiTad mosiaruleTaTvis, zogi ki<br />
mxolod alpinistebisaTvisaa misawvdomi.<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTarebis<br />
koncefciis erTerTi mniSvnelovani mizania arsebuli sameurneo<br />
bilikebis turistuli TvalsazrisiT gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong> mowyoba, raTa<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva interesebisa <strong>da</strong> SesaZleblobebis mqone turistebs<br />
mieceT saSualeba SearCion maTTvis saintereso marSrutebi <strong>da</strong><br />
Semdeg gamyolis TanxlebiT an <strong>da</strong>moukideblad, samarSruto<br />
cnobaris saSualebiT, jgufis SemadgenlobaSi an marto, gaiaron<br />
arCeuli bilikis marSruti; ixilon bunebis, istoriisa <strong>da</strong><br />
kulturis Zeglebi, bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> xelovnuri landSaftebi, miiRon<br />
esTetikuri siamovneba, saintereso informacia.<br />
marSrutebi, sacxenosnos gar<strong>da</strong>, erTdRiani <strong>da</strong> radialuria,<br />
anu turisti erTi <strong>da</strong> igive gziT midis <strong>da</strong> brundeba. turistisaTvis<br />
wriuli marSruti bevrad sainteresoa, radgan mas mu<strong>da</strong>m surs axal-<br />
axali garemos xilva. Tumca, wriuli marSrutis mosawyobasaTanado<br />
infrastruqtura, kerZod, TavSesafrebia mosawyobi, rac<br />
mniSvnelovnad gazrdis mravaldRiani <strong>da</strong> mravalferovani<br />
marSrutebis aTvisebis SesaZl;eblobas. svaneTs samTo-turistuli<br />
marSrutebis amouwuravi maragi gaaCnia <strong>da</strong> amdenad marSrutebis<br />
gakvalvac aseve amouwuravi procesia.<br />
122
samarSruto ტურისტული ადგილები:<br />
ტბები უღვირის, ქორულდის, მეზირი (ტვებიში)<br />
მღვიმე ზარგაში (მესტია) , შგედი ბუდებრივი გამოქვაბული.<br />
საპიკნიკე მესტიაში: კახური, ჰაწვალი, Uღვირის უღელტეხილი, იფარი, კალის ხეობა.<br />
საჯომარდო მესტია ჭალა, ბეჩო(შიხის ჭალა), ნაკრა(ზედა წელში) უშგული<br />
სათევზაო<br />
საცხენოსნო<br />
ტურიზმი<br />
მჟავე წყლების<br />
ადგილები<br />
ჭუბერი, ლახამულა, იფარი (ადიშურა)<br />
მესტიიდან- ჟაბეში-ადიში-იფრალი-უშგული. (5 დღიანი ტური 1 ცხენი 20<br />
ლარი) გამყოლი 40-50 ლარი)<br />
უშგული, კალა, იფარი, მულახი, მესტიაში 7, ლენჯერი, ცხუმარი, ეცერი.<br />
ბუნების ძეგლები მდ. ადიშურას სათავეებში ადიშის ყინულვარდნილი,<br />
სალაშქრო<br />
ხეობები<br />
კარვის ადგილები ყველგან<br />
მდ. ღალდე-ჭალადის აუზის ზემოწელში,,ფერხულის ქვის”ლოდი.<br />
თვიბერი-ჟაბეში, ჭალაადი-მესტია, უშგული-შხარის მყინვარი, ზურულდი-<br />
მესტია, მაზერი-ტვებიში, უშბის მყინვარი.<br />
ჩანჩქერები დიზში, მაზერში_შდუგვრა<br />
გადმოსახედი<br />
ადგილები<br />
მესტიაში, ზურულდი, ჰაწვალი, გვალდი, ცხაკვზაგარ, ხეშკილდი.<br />
Tan<strong>da</strong>rTul rukaze warmodgenilia metad saintereso, ukve momqmedi,<br />
saTanadod <strong>da</strong>kvaluli sami qveiTi <strong>da</strong> ori sacxenosno marSruti <strong>da</strong><br />
aRwerilobas.<br />
turistuli bilikebis mowyoba <strong>da</strong>mxmare zonaSi<br />
am qmedebis mTavari mizania sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva interesebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
SesaZleblobebis mqone turistebs mieceT saSualeba winaswar<br />
specialur turistul saagentoebSi SearCion maTTvis saintereso<br />
marSrutebi <strong>da</strong> Semdeg gamyolis TanxlebiT an <strong>da</strong>moukideblad,<br />
samarSruto cnobaris saSualebiT, jgufis SemadgenlobaSi an<br />
marto, gaiaron arCeuli bilikis marSruti; ixilon bunebis,<br />
istoriisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis Zeglebi, bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> xelovnuri<br />
landSaftebi, miiRon esTetikuri siamovneba, saintereso informacia.<br />
gaTvaliswinebulia bilikebisa <strong>da</strong> Ramis saTevi adgilebis<br />
123
ekologiis, usafrTxoebis <strong>da</strong> komfortis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad<br />
mowyoba <strong>da</strong> aRWurva.<br />
აქ მინდა მოვიყვანო ზოგიერთიზემო სვანეთში არსებული<br />
ტურისტული მარშრუტი.<br />
. mTasvlelTa marSrutebi<br />
saqarTveloSi profesionaluri, sportuli alpinizmis <strong>da</strong>wyebis<br />
TariRad 1923 wels Tvlian,<br />
1923 wels prof. giorgi nikolaZis meTaurobiT pirvelad sabWoTa<br />
kavSiris sivrceSi <strong>da</strong>iwyo <strong>masobrivi</strong> alpinisturi <strong>da</strong> samTo-<br />
turistuli moZraoba.<br />
alpuri banakebi, Seqmnilia saqarTvelos erovnuli federacia<br />
romelic awyobs Sejibrebs <strong>da</strong> monawileoben sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis<br />
asvlebSi <strong>da</strong> kldeze cocvaSi.<br />
sami arsebuli alpuri banaki.<br />
3.3. masiuri <strong>da</strong>svenebis sakurorto-rekriaciuli raionebis<br />
funqciur-teritoriულi ზონირება<br />
sakurorto-rekriaciuli raionebis gegmarebiTi organizeba<br />
iTvaliswinebs kurortologiuri resursebis gamoyenebasa <strong>da</strong><br />
bunebrivi landSaftis <strong>da</strong>cvas. droebiTi gansaxlebis SemTxvevaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>svenebis, <strong>turizmis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> sakurorto mkurnalobisaTvis Sesaferisi<br />
pirobebis organizebas,m amave dros mudmivi gansaxlebisaTis<br />
normaluri Sromisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>svenebis monacvleobis uzrunvelyofas.<br />
rekriaciuli garemo es is teritoriaa, romlis bunebriv<br />
garemocvaSi gaTvaliswinebulia,Mrogorc mosaxeobisaTvis <strong>masobrivi</strong><br />
<strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong>, <strong>turizmis</strong> <strong>da</strong> sportis pirobebi maTi fizikuri Zalebis<br />
aRdgenis <strong>da</strong> jamrTelobis gaumjobesebisaTvis.<br />
arqiteqturul-gegmarebiTi ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetilebebis miReba<br />
<strong>da</strong>fuZnebulia teritoriisBELbunebrivi pirobebis <strong>da</strong> resursebis<br />
detalur Seswavlasa <strong>da</strong> analizss, raionis perspeqtiuli<br />
ganviTarebis prognozirebasa <strong>da</strong> analizss <strong>da</strong> teritoriebis<br />
124
ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebas sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sameurneo <strong>da</strong>niSnulebebismixedviT maTi<br />
gamoyenebis mizniT.<br />
amasTan erTad gasaTvaliswinebelia, raionis specifiuri<br />
Taviseburebebi, miwis nargavebis saxeobebi, wylis resursebis<br />
adgilmdebaereoba, landSavtis vizualuri saxe, kulturul<br />
istoriuli Zeglebis adgilmdebareoba, seismuri riskisa <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />
stiqiur movlenaTa faqtorebi, rac sakurorto-rekriaciuli<br />
raionebis <strong>da</strong>gegmarebis ZiriTad, mniSvnelovan elements<br />
warmoadgens.<br />
sakurorto-rekriaciuli raionebis gegmarebiTi organizeba<br />
efuZneba etapobrivad asaTvisebeli teritoriebis maRal teqnikur-<br />
ekonomiur maCveneblebs <strong>da</strong> MmTeli raionis K kompleqsuri<br />
ganviTarebis optimalur pirobebs, sa<strong>da</strong>c sakurorto meurneobas<br />
mTavari roli aqvs miniWebuli. sakurorto-rekriaciuli<br />
gegmarebiTi proeqtis <strong>da</strong>wyebisaTvis erT-erT mTavr amocanas<br />
warmoadgens sakurorto-rekriaciuli raionebis sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgena<br />
im teritoriebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlis sakurorto meurneobebic<br />
kompleqsuri ganviTarebis Sesaferis pirobebs akmayofileben.<br />
sakurorto meurneoba gulisxmobs sakurorto mkurnalobas,<br />
masobriv <strong>da</strong>svenebasa <strong>da</strong> turizms. gegmarebiTi sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgenaSi<br />
mTavari Ffaqtori interesTa mravalferovnebaa, rac masobriv<br />
<strong>da</strong>svenebasa <strong>da</strong> sakurorto-profilaktikur mkurnalobasTanaa<br />
<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli.<br />
sakurorto-rekriaciuli raionebis sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgena un<strong>da</strong> moxdes<br />
Semdegi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT:<br />
----------- sakurorto-rekriaciuli resursebi, teritoriis calkeuli<br />
nakveTebis mikroklimaturi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT;<br />
--------- teritoriebi, romlebze<strong>da</strong>c ganTavsdeba <strong>da</strong> ganviTardeba<br />
samkurnalo-gamajansaRebeli qseli <strong>da</strong> moxerxdeba bunebrivi<br />
kompleqsebis organizeba.<br />
125
---------- bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> xelovnuri sazRvrebi, romlebiTac<br />
Semofarglulia raioni;<br />
---------- gansaxlebisa <strong>da</strong> sayofacxovrebo-kulturuli momsaxureobis<br />
erTiani sistema;<br />
---------- moxerxebuli erTiani satransporto kavSirebi<br />
---------- sainJinro aRWurvis erTiani centralizebuli sistemis<br />
Seqmna,KOPEkoperirebuli sainJinro nagebobebiTa <strong>da</strong> qselebiT;<br />
sakurorto-rekriaciuli raionebis sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgenis procesSi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> sazRvrebs SigniT un<strong>da</strong> gaviTvaliswinoT:<br />
---------- saxalxo meurneobis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>rgebis ganviTarebisaTvis<br />
aucilebeli nedleulis maragis ganTavseba, rac warmoebis<br />
ganviTarebas Seuwyobs xels.<br />
------------ sasoflo-sameurneo teritoriebi, romlis bazaze SesaZloa<br />
ganviTardes soflis meurneobis warmoeba droebiTi <strong>da</strong> mudmivi<br />
samosaxlo raionebis aratransportabeluri sakvebi produqtebiT<br />
momaragebis mizniT.<br />
----------- Tavisufali samuSao resursebis arseboba, romlebic<br />
sakurorto meurneobis momsaxureobaSi iqneba CarTuli.<br />
sakurorto-rekriaciuli resursebis Sefaseba xdeba samedicino <strong>da</strong><br />
landSafturi <strong>da</strong>raionebis Sedegad,romlis Sefasebac xdeba<br />
detaluri kvlevebis safuZvelze. Gamoiyofa is<br />
teritoriebi,romlebzec SemdgomSi ganTavsddeba samkurnalo-<br />
gamajansaRebeli <strong>da</strong> sxva <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis mqone nagebobebi, romlebic<br />
sakurorto-rekriaciuli raionebis sazRvrebSi ganlagdeba maRal<br />
mTiani raiobSi, umetes SemTxvevaSi sazRvrebi <strong>da</strong>xuruli poligonis<br />
moxazulobasa, ganlagebulia mdinareebis xeobebis gaswvriv <strong>da</strong><br />
mTebis ferdobebze. rTuli reliefi teritoriebze sasurvelia<br />
sazRvrebi bunebivi xasiaTis iyos <strong>da</strong> erT administraciul erTeuls<br />
ekuTvnodes.<br />
sazRvrebi swored moniSnulad iTvleba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maT<br />
farglebSi Sedgenili kompleqsuri gegmis mixedviT xelsayreli<br />
126
iqneba winaswar <strong>da</strong>saxuli gegmarebiTi <strong>da</strong> ekonomiuri saqmianobis<br />
warmoeba. gegmarebiTi samuSaoebis mimdinareobis procesSi mudmivad<br />
mimdinareobs sazRvrebis koreqtirebis procesi.<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> klimaturi <strong>da</strong> landSaftur-rekreaciuli<br />
potencialis mkafiodgamokveTili SesaZleblobebi<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi mxar<strong>da</strong>Werisa <strong>da</strong> satransporto infrastruqturis<br />
ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZleblobas iZleva aqtiuri <strong>masobrivi</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>svenebის, turizmიsa <strong>da</strong> sportის mimarTulebiT rekreaciul<br />
interesTa mravalferovani moTxovnilebebi <strong>da</strong>აkmayofilოს, am<br />
moTxovnilebebma Sesabamis funqciur-teritoriul zonebში<br />
optimaluri ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia gansakuTrebul<br />
koncentracias miaRwios..<br />
winapirobebis SejerebulmaA analizma mogvca saSualeba <strong>zemo</strong><br />
<strong>svaneTis</strong> sportul-turistuli kompleqsebis ganviTarebisaTvis<br />
lokaluri teritoriebi konkretuli xeobebis saxiT gamogveyo.<br />
teqnikur-ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong>sabuTebis mixedviT <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong><br />
calkeul xeobebSi arsebuli ganaSenianebis farglebs gareT<br />
msxvili kompleqsebiს სახით ramdenime TanabarZalovani sakurorto<br />
centri un<strong>da</strong> ganviTardes, turistuli industriiT, gamajansaRebel<br />
<strong>da</strong>wesebulebebiTa <strong>da</strong> sportuli obieqtebiT.<br />
ხეობათა ფუნქციური ანალიზის დროს ვისარგებლეთ უკვე<br />
ჩამოყალიბებული ტურისტული მარშრუტებით <strong>da</strong> მათ Soris ცალკე<br />
ჯგუფად გამოვყავით is xeobebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c ტურისტულ მარშრუტებTan<br />
erTad შესაძლებელი იქნება Sesabamisi saxis სპორტული ფუნქციებიs<br />
ganviTareba.<br />
aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare ხეობების მომავალი სარეკრეაციო<br />
დანიშნულება masiuri <strong>da</strong>svenebis ორ mimarTulebas -- sportul-<br />
turistuli <strong>da</strong> rekreaciul-turistuli gamajansaRebeli<br />
kompleqsebiს განვითარებას დაუკავშირdeba <strong>da</strong> Sesabamisad<br />
127
warmodgenili proeqtiT mdinareebis _ nenskras, doloras,<br />
mestiaWalasa <strong>da</strong> tviberis xeobebSi ganviTardeba “Wuberis”, “uSbis”,<br />
“mestia-Waladis” <strong>da</strong> “tviberis” samTo-saTxilamuro sportul-<br />
turistuli kompleqsebi, xolo mdinareebis _ adiSis Walas,<br />
xaldes Walas, enguris xeobebSi განვითარeba _ „zagri-adiSis“,<br />
„ifrari-xaldes“ <strong>da</strong> „uSguli-Sxaras“ alpinisturi banakebi <strong>da</strong><br />
turistul-gamajansaRebeli kompleqsebi.<br />
suraTi 44. qveiTi <strong>da</strong> sacxenosno marSrutebi<br />
Tavis mxriv aRniSnuli sportul-turistuli kompleqsebi TiToeul<br />
am xeobaTa farglebSi sacxovrebel, samrewvelo, komunalur-<br />
sasawyobo, sasosflo–sameurneo, tyeparkebis, satyeo <strong>da</strong> sxva<br />
qvezonebis erTobliobas warmoadgenen, sa<strong>da</strong>c sportul-turistuli<br />
kompleqsebis Camoyalibebis Sedegad tyeparkebisa <strong>da</strong> tyeebis<br />
farTobebi sxva qvezonaTa Soris praqtikulad ucvlelad un<strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>rCnen. umetesad Tavis farglebSi ganviTardebian agreTve<br />
arsebuli samosaxlo qvezonebic. kompleqsebis intensiurad<br />
ganviTareba umeteswilad sasoflo sameurneo savargulebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
`sxva teritoriebis~ xarjze un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes<br />
128
suraTi45. samTo-saTxilamuro <strong>da</strong> turistul-gamagansaRebeli kompleqsebi<br />
axali turistuli industriis ganviTarebisaTvis Zalzed<br />
mniSvnelovania agreTve yvela xeobisaTvis saerTo sameurneo-<br />
sasawyobo qvezonis – logistikuri centrisaTvis adgilis swored<br />
SerCeva.<br />
Aaranakleb mniSvnelovania agreTve <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi mdi<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
istoriul-kulturuli memkvidreobis, bunebriv-klimaturi<br />
pirobebis, sastumroebis qseluri ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani<br />
potencialisa <strong>da</strong> naturaluri produqtebis arsebobis pirobebSi<br />
wlis mTel periodze sezonuri pikuri funqciuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>nawileba, sa<strong>da</strong>c zamTris periodSi zamTris sportis saxeobis,<br />
pirvel rigSi samTo_saTxilamuro sportis ganviTarebas, xolo<br />
zafxulis periodSi <strong>turizmis</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxeobebis _ saqveiTo,<br />
sacxenosno, eqstremaluri, sportuli, saganmanaTleblo,<br />
frinvelebze <strong>da</strong>kvirvebis <strong>da</strong> sxva _ ganviTarebas <strong>da</strong>eTmoba.<br />
129
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva interesebisa <strong>da</strong> SesaZleblobebis mqone turistebs<br />
eqnebaT saSualeba airCion mravalferovani safexmavlo marSrutebi;<br />
ixilon bunebis, istoriisa <strong>da</strong> kulturis Zeglebi, bunebrivi <strong>da</strong><br />
xelovnuri landSaftebi, miiRon esTetikuri siamovneba, saintereso<br />
informacia.<br />
xeobebi, sa<strong>da</strong>c msxvili turistul_gamajansaRebeli <strong>da</strong><br />
sportuli komplesebi un<strong>da</strong> ganTavsdnen, Tavisi konfiguraciis<br />
Sesabamisad ganapirobeben kompleqsebis gegmarebiTi ganviTarebis<br />
rogorc xazovan, ise sxivisebr sqemebs.<br />
xazovani sqemiT samSeneblo kompleqsebi xeobebis gaswvriv<br />
grZivi mimarTulebiT viTardebian, Sesabamisad samTo-saTxilamuro<br />
trasebis paraleluri ganviTarebiT. sxivisebri sqemiT<br />
koncentrirebuli samSeneblo kompleqsi<strong>da</strong>n samTo-saTxilamuro<br />
trasebi sxivurad miemarTebian ferdebis mimarTulebiT.<br />
gare satransporto maCveneblebi <strong>da</strong> saxeobebi ganisazRvreba<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi CasulTa maqsimaluri Tviuri <strong>da</strong> wliuri raodenobis<br />
Sesabamisad <strong>da</strong> amaSi Seva adgilobrivi mosaxleoba, <strong>da</strong>msveneblebi,<br />
mivlinebulebi.<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> mosaxleobis saerTo raodenoba ganisazRvreba<br />
Semdegi maCveneblebiT: mudmivi mosaxleoba, turistebi <strong>da</strong><br />
sportsmenebi e.i. `organizebuli <strong>da</strong>msveneblebi~ <strong>da</strong><br />
`araorganizebuli <strong>da</strong>msveneblebi~, mivlinebulebi.<br />
<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> ganviTarebis erT-erT ZiriTad maxasiaTeblad<br />
un<strong>da</strong> miviCnioT rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong>niSnulebis `sawoli adgilebis~<br />
raodenoba<br />
optimaluri rekreaciuli tevadoba, adgilobrivi <strong>da</strong> axlad<br />
<strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli mosaxleobis optimaluri fardoba, teritoriis<br />
aTvisebis maRal teqnikur-ekonomiur maCveneblebi, kompleqsuri<br />
ganviTarebis optimalur pirobebi, sakuroto-turistuli kompleqsis<br />
ganviTarebisTvis gamosadeg sameurneo teritoriebTan erTad,<br />
warmoadgenen im ZiriTad faqtorebs, romlebic samTo-rekriaciuli<br />
130
gegmarebiTi erTeulis arsebobas, teritoriis zomebis, gegmarebiTi<br />
sazRvrebis gamovlenasa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>dgenas ganapirobeben.<br />
suraTi 46.: Walaadi-mestia-awvalis; TeTnuldi-tviberi-JabeSis; SxarauSgulis;<br />
eweris; Wuberis samTo-rekriaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeulebi.<br />
samTo-rekriaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeulis konkretuli<br />
sazRvrebis koreqtireba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>zusteba xorcieldeba Semdegi<br />
faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT: mikroklimatis Taviseburebebi;<br />
samSeneblo obieqtebis ganTavsebisTvis gamosadegi teritoriebi <strong>da</strong><br />
konfiguraciebi; mkveTrad gamoxatuli bunebrivi <strong>da</strong> xelovnuri<br />
sazRvrebi, moxerxebuli Si<strong>da</strong> teritoriuli kavSirebi; erTiani<br />
centralizebuli sainJinro sistemebi <strong>da</strong> maTi momsaxureoba<br />
erTeuli teritoriis <strong>da</strong>dgenisaTvis aranakleb mniSvnelovania<br />
agreTve sameurneo saqmianobisaTvis aucilebeli im sawarmoo Tu<br />
sasoflo-sameurneo resursebis gaTvaliswineba, rac uzrunvelyofs:<br />
optimaluri zomisa <strong>da</strong> funqciis warmoebisa <strong>da</strong> sameurneo <strong>da</strong>rgebis<br />
ganviTarebas; droebiT <strong>da</strong> mudmivi mosaxleobis adgilobrivi sakvebi<br />
produqtiT momaragebas; sakurorto-turistuli momsaxureobis<br />
sferoSi Aadgilobrivi mosaxleobis <strong>da</strong>saqmebas.<br />
sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgenis <strong>da</strong> Sefasebis kompleqsuri meTodis<br />
saSualebiT disertaciaSi gamoyofilia xuTi sivrciT-gegmarebiTi<br />
erTeuli: Walaadi-mestia-awvali; TeTnuldi-tviberi-JabeSi;<br />
Sxara-uSguli; eweri; Wuberi,<br />
131
suraTi 47.: Walaadis turistuli marSruti<br />
suraTi 48.: Sxaras turistuli marSruti<br />
132
suraTi 49.: tviberis turistuli marSruti<br />
suraTi 50.: uSbas turistuli marSruti<br />
133
suraTi 51.: JabeS-uSgulis turistuli marSruti<br />
TviToeuli es erTeuli TviTkmaria <strong>da</strong> gaaCnia yvela is<br />
Tviseba rac <strong>da</strong>moukideblad funqcionirebis saSualebas iZleva.<br />
samTo-rekreaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeulis <strong>da</strong>gegmareba “<strong>zemo</strong><br />
<strong>svaneTis</strong> sivrciT-teritoriuli ganviTarebis gegmis” farglebSi <strong>da</strong><br />
mxolod grg-s safuZvelze un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcieldes, ris Sedega<strong>da</strong>c,<br />
qalaqTmSeneblobiT organizaciaze moqmedi faqtorebis analiziTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> xangrZlivvadiani mdgradi ganviTarebis qalaqgegmarebiTi<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis SemuSavebiT SesaZlebeli iqneba samTo-<br />
rekreaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeulis doneze funqciuri zonebis<br />
optimizacia, teritoriebis racionalur aTviseba <strong>da</strong> normatiuli<br />
maCveneblebis Semcireba, agreTve kulturul-sayofacxovrebo<br />
momsaxurebi <strong>da</strong> bunebis <strong>da</strong>cvis RonisZiebebis gaumjobeseba. xolo<br />
zoga<strong>da</strong>d <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong>aTvis arsebuli potencialis optimaluri<br />
134
<strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong> gamoyeneba, saerTo ekonomikuri mdgomareobis<br />
gaumjobeseba <strong>da</strong> mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis mkveTri amaRleba.<br />
Semajamebeli <strong>da</strong>skvnebi <strong>da</strong> rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebi<br />
1. <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>turizmis</strong> intensiurma ganviTarebam<br />
msoflioSi gazar<strong>da</strong> mTis regionebis rekreaciuli potencialis<br />
gamoyenebis moTxovnilebebi, ganapiroba maTi swrafi ganviTareba<br />
<strong>da</strong> xeli Seuwyo mTaSi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxis <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong> samTo<br />
<strong>turizmis</strong> popularizacias;<br />
2. saqarTvelos mTian zonaSi <strong>masobrivi</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>svenebisa</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>turizmis</strong> ganviTareba, am mizniT arsebuli materialur-teqnikuri<br />
bazis gamoyeneba <strong>da</strong> axlis Seqmna, upirvelesad <strong>turizmis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> samTo-<br />
saTxilamuro sportis mimarTulebiT, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas<br />
iZens. rac erTis mxriv mTian regionebSi mosaxleobis <strong>da</strong>magrebiTa<br />
<strong>da</strong> sameurneo saqmianobis gaaqtiurebiTY susti socialur-<br />
ekonomikurimdgomareobis gaZlierebis aucileblobaSi, xolo<br />
meores mxriv mTiani regionebis rekreaculi resursiT mdi<strong>da</strong>ri<br />
potencialis qveynis sakeTildReod saTanado simZlavriT<br />
gamoyenebaSi gamoixateba.<br />
Tumca SesamCnevi xdeba, rom regionisa <strong>da</strong> saerTo<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi interesebis kompleqsuri gaTvaliswinebis,<br />
SeTanawyobis <strong>da</strong> harmonizaciis dros xSir SemTxvevaSi problemaTa<br />
mogvareba fragmentul, seqtoruli xedvebis Sedegebs warmoadgens<br />
<strong>da</strong> konkretuli <strong>da</strong>rgobrivi interesebis mimarTulebiT viTardeba.<br />
rogorc Sedegi, am interesebis amsaxvel saproeqto dokumentacia<br />
naklebad Tavsebadia sivrciT-teritoriuli <strong>da</strong>gegmvis interesebTan.<br />
kvlav problemad rCeba calkeul teritoriebisTvis sivrciT-<br />
gegmarebiTi mowyobis sqemis <strong>da</strong>muSaveba.<br />
3. rekreaciuli potencialiTa <strong>da</strong> kulturuli memkvidreobiT<br />
iseT mdi<strong>da</strong>r regionSi, rogoric <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTia, yvela pirobaa<br />
135
Seqmnili <strong>da</strong>svenebis, sportisa <strong>da</strong> garTobis, mravalprofiliani <strong>da</strong><br />
mraval<strong>da</strong>rgovani kulturul-SemecnebiTi, sakurorto-rekreaciuli,<br />
sportul-gamajansaRebeli, turistul-rekreaciuli <strong>da</strong> klimatur-<br />
balneologiuri industriis kompleqsuri ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
4. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> gansaxlebis Camoyalibebasa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebaSi<br />
bunebriv-klimatur <strong>da</strong> istoriul-eTnografiuli Taviseburebebis<br />
kompleqsuri analizis safuZvelze <strong>da</strong> ganaSenianebis Semdgomi<br />
ganviTarebis mizniT gamovlenilia ganaSenianebis lokaluri<br />
gegmarebiTi erTeuli _ multifunqciuri rekreaciuli kompleqsi,<br />
sa<strong>da</strong>c <strong>da</strong>svenebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva formebis (gamajansaRebeli samTo-<br />
sportuli, alpinizmis, SemecnebiTi <strong>turizmis</strong>, <strong>da</strong> sxva) saxiT<br />
SeiZleba gamovlindes kulturul-SemecnebiTi, turistul-<br />
rekreaciuli, klimatur-balneologiuri, sportul-gamajansaRebeli,<br />
<strong>da</strong> sakurorto-rekreaciuli specializaciebi.<br />
5. samuSaoSi detaluraT aris ganxiluli ganaSenianebis<br />
lokaluri gegmarebiTi erTeulis sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgenis principebi.<br />
gansakuTrebuli adgilia <strong>da</strong>Tmobili ganaSenianebis lokaluri<br />
gegmarebiTi erTeulis <strong>da</strong>gegmarebis saerTo principebis gamovlenas,<br />
<strong>da</strong>gegmerebiTi struqturebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sistemebis organizacias,<br />
iseTi urTierT<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli sistemebis Seqmnas rogoricaa:<br />
droebiTi <strong>da</strong> mudmivi mosaxleobis gansaxleba, kulturul-<br />
sayofacxovrebo momsaxureba, mwvane nargavebi, komunalur-sameurneo<br />
momsaxureba, satransporto kavSirebi <strong>da</strong> sainJinro infrastruqtura.<br />
6. ganaSenianebis lokaluri gegmarebiTi erTeuli _<br />
multifunqciuri kompleqsisaTvis gamovlenilia agreTve<br />
arqiteqturul-<strong>da</strong>gegmarebiTi amocanebi, romelTa ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta<br />
SesaZlebelia mxolod kompleqsuri proeqtirebiT. ganaSenianebis<br />
lokaluri gegmarebiTi erTeulisaTvis <strong>da</strong>muSavebulia optimaluri<br />
funqciuri organizaciis sakiTxebi, romlebic ganapirobeben<br />
urTierT<strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli elementebis: sakurorto <strong>da</strong>saxlebul<br />
adgilebis, samkurnalo-gamajansaRebel kompleqsebis, tyeebis <strong>da</strong><br />
136
tyeparkebis, sainJinro nagebobebis <strong>da</strong> qselebis, sxva maformirebeli<br />
komponentebis racionalur ganlagebas.<br />
7. ganaSenianebis lokaluri gegmarebiTi erTeulis<br />
proeqtirebis saerTo qalaqgegmarebiTi principebi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare<br />
multifunqciuri rekreaciuli kompleqsi arsebuli ganaSenianebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gancalkevebiT sivrcul gegmarebiTad <strong>da</strong>moukidebel teritoriaze,<br />
magram arsebul <strong>da</strong>saxlebasTan organul kavSirSi un<strong>da</strong> ganTavsdes.<br />
xoloAaxali sacxovreblebi momsaxure personalis axali<br />
kontigentisaTvis un<strong>da</strong> integrirebulad ganTavsdes arsebul<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxlebaSi, Dumetesad individualuri samosaxloebis saxiT,<br />
romlis farglebSi SesaZlebelia saojaxo sastumros mowyoba.<br />
8. gansakuTrebulad SesanarCunebelia qalaqTmSeneblobiTi<br />
ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanesi principi _ ganaSenianebis lokaluri<br />
gegmarebiTi erTeulis <strong>da</strong>gegmareba ganxorcieldes grg-s<br />
safuZvelze. msgavsi kompleqsebis <strong>da</strong>proeqtebis <strong>da</strong> mSeneblobis<br />
sazRvargareTis qveynebis praqtikis magaliTebi (rogorc<br />
ilustrirebulia Cvens samuSaoSi) a<strong>da</strong>stureben, rom msgavsi<br />
obieqtebis kompleqsuri proeqtireba ganapirobebs: funqciuri<br />
zonebis optimizacias, teritoriebis racionalur aTvisebas <strong>da</strong><br />
normatiuli maCveneblebis Semcirebas (rac amcirebs mSeneblobis<br />
Rirebulebas), agreTve kulturul-sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebis,<br />
bunebis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> SenarCunebis RonisZiebebis gaumjobesebas.<br />
9. A ara nakleb mniSvnelovania ganaSenianebis lokaluri<br />
gegmarebiTi erTeulis <strong>da</strong>gegmarebas win uswrebdes „<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong><br />
gegmarebiTi raionis sivrciT-teritoriuli ganviTarebis gegma”.<br />
10. ganaSenianebis lokaluri gegmarebiTi erTeulis mraval<br />
profiliani <strong>da</strong> mraval<strong>da</strong>rgovani saqmianoba erTis mxriv<br />
diversificirebuli e.i. ufro mdgradi ekonomikis <strong>da</strong> meores mxriv<br />
gazrdil teritoriaze ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebuli ekologiuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTvebis<br />
e.i. erTeul teritoriaze optimaluri <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis, ufro <strong>da</strong>culi<br />
garemos safuZvels warmoadgens.<br />
137
11. .teritoriis optimalur funqciur <strong>da</strong>tvirTvasTan erTad<br />
aucilebelia Ggegmazomieri <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>balansebuli iyos turistisa <strong>da</strong><br />
adgilobriv macxovrebelTa raodenoba. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> mosaxleobis<br />
(svanebis) yofiTi kultura, maT Soris sasoflo-sameurneo<br />
saqmianoba, romelic erTis mxriv <strong>da</strong>msveneblebis, turistebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
sportsmenebis mozidvis metad mZlavri resursia, meores mxriv<br />
savsebiT SesaZlebelia mTeli rigi subieqturi garemoebebis gamo<br />
Tavad gaxdes mofrTxilebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cvis obieqti.<br />
savsebiT mosalodnelia axali samuSao adgilebiT<br />
warmoqmnilma axali qalaqwarmomqmneli bazis momavalma kontigentma<br />
_ gareSe momsaxure personalis raodenobam, ga<strong>da</strong>aWarbos<br />
eTnokulturis mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebel im zRvars,<br />
romelsac moiTxoven ekologiuri <strong>da</strong> eTnokulturuli SezRudvebi,<br />
agreTve axladgansaviTarebeli funqciebisaTvis samSeneblod<br />
vargisi teritoris SesaZleblobebi <strong>da</strong> amiT aRniSnuli<br />
eTnokulturis degra<strong>da</strong>ciis mizezi gaxdes.<br />
12. <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTSi, romelic aTaswleulebis manZilze<br />
maRalmTian zonaSi Seqmnili unikaluri eTnokulturis (yofiTi <strong>da</strong><br />
sameurneo saqmianoba, rewva _ maT Soris oqros, xelovneba _ maT<br />
Soris arqiteqtura; ganaSenianebis organuli <strong>da</strong>gegmareba).<br />
generirebis erTaderT adgils warmoadgens. am fenomenis SenarCuneba<br />
<strong>da</strong> ganviTareba mxolod kompleqsur _ landSaftur-sameurneo, eTno-<br />
kulturul <strong>da</strong> istoriul garemoSia SesaZlebeli <strong>da</strong> dRes sul<br />
raRac 14 590 eTnikuri svanis sameurneo <strong>da</strong> kulturuli<br />
Tanacxovrebis meSveobiT xorcieldeba.<br />
13. aRniSnuli zRvaris <strong>da</strong>dgena SeuZlebelia. Ggamosavali<br />
mxolod procesis TviTregulaciis gziT ganviTarebaSia, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
gacnobierebuli iqneba sakiTxis mniSvneloba, Sesabamisad ar iqneba<br />
forsirebuli ganviTarebis is xarisxi, romelic momsaxure<br />
personalis mkveTr matebasTan iqneba <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli, xolo<br />
138
procesis kontrolisa <strong>da</strong> marTvis SesaZlebloba adgilobriv<br />
TviTmarTvelobis xelSi iqneba.<br />
14. teritoriis optimaluri funqciuri <strong>da</strong>tvirTvis erT-erT<br />
mniSvnelovan saSualebad un<strong>da</strong> miviCnioT samTo-saTxilamuro<br />
sportiT, turizmiTa <strong>da</strong> samTo-sakurorto rekreaciiT miRebul<br />
SemosavlebTan erTad adgilobrivi yofiTi kulturis<br />
komercializaciis gziT saerTo Semosavlebis mateba. aseT<br />
SemTxvevaSi erTeul turistze <strong>da</strong>angariSebiT SesaZlebeli iqneba<br />
Semosavlebis im optimalur raodenobamde gazr<strong>da</strong>, rac<br />
Semosavlebis saerTo maCvenebelSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobis<br />
xvedriT wils gazrdis, Sesabamisad turistTa optimaluri<br />
raodenobis SenarCunebas Seuwyobs xels, Seamcirebs zenormatiul<br />
<strong>da</strong>tvirTvebs teritoriaze <strong>da</strong> gareSe momsaxure personalze<br />
mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs moTxovnas.<br />
15. <strong>zemo</strong> svaneTi, Tavis specifiurad gamorCeuli _ geografiuli,<br />
bunebriv-klimaturi <strong>da</strong> eTnokulturuli pirobebis gamo, realurad<br />
moiTxovs ”samxareo <strong>da</strong>gegmarebis proeqti<strong>da</strong>n” calke gamoyofas<br />
<strong>da</strong> mis Seswavla-<strong>da</strong>muSavebas “<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> (raionis) sivrciT-<br />
teritoriuli ganviTarebis gegmis” doneze. ris Sedega<strong>da</strong>c,<br />
qalaqTmSeneblobiT organizaciaze moqmedi faqtorebis analiziT<br />
<strong>da</strong> xangrZlivvadiani mdgradi ganviTarebis qalaqgegmarebiTi<br />
rekomen<strong>da</strong>ciebis SemuSavebiT SesaZlebeli iqneba: <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong><br />
arsebuli potencialis optimaluri <strong>da</strong>cva <strong>da</strong> gamoyeneba, saerTo<br />
ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba <strong>da</strong> mosaxleobis<br />
cxovrebis donis mkveTri amaRleba.<br />
139
suraTi 52 samegrelo-<strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> ruka<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTebi:<br />
ilustraciebis nusxa<br />
1. suraTi. sarekriacio resursebis sqema --- 31<br />
2. suraTi. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> orografiuli ruka ----33<br />
3. suraTi. saqarTveloSi <strong>da</strong>fiqsirebuli<br />
miwisZv epicentrebi ---- 38<br />
4. suraTi. samxreT Kkavkasiis sawyisi seismuri<br />
zonirebi ruka --- 39<br />
5. suraTi. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> seismuri riskisa <strong>da</strong> bunebis seismuri<br />
movlenebiszonirebis ruka; --- 42<br />
6. suraTi. kurSaveli. (Courchevel) safrangeTi; ---- 65<br />
7. suraTi. Sale; Sveicaria; --- ---- 67<br />
8. suraTi. savoi ; (Savoy) safrangeTi; --- ---- 67<br />
9. suraTi. avoria (Avoriaz) safrangeTiA ---- 68<br />
10. suraTi. flain-2 (Flaine) <strong>zemo</strong> savoia, safrangeTi ---- 69<br />
11. suraTi. flain-2 (Flaine) <strong>zemo</strong> savoia, safrangeTi ---- 70<br />
12. suraTi. la plani(la plagne)<strong>zemo</strong>savoia, safrangeTi; ---- 70<br />
140
13. suraTi. samTo rekriaciuli kompleqsi “la plani” ---- 71<br />
14. suraTi. L la plani (la plagne) <strong>zemo</strong> savoia, safrangeTi; --- 71<br />
15. suraTi. zonireba samTo-rekriaciuli kompleqsis “lez ark-1800 --- 72<br />
16. suraTi. შამონ-მონბლანი (Shamonix-mont_blanc) <strong>zemo</strong> savoia,<br />
safrangeTi --- 72<br />
17. suraTi. samTo-rekriaciuli kompleqsis gegmarebiTi<br />
organizaciis “pereisurdi” (safrangeTi) -- 73<br />
18. suraTi. la plani (la plagne) <strong>zemo</strong> savoia, safrangeTi --- 74<br />
19. suraTi. Sveicaria, vilari; --- 76<br />
20. suraTi. volari (villars) samTo qalaqi, Sveicaria --- 76<br />
21. suraTi. rosiere (la rosiere) <strong>da</strong> tuili (la thuile erTiani)<br />
saTxilamuro kompleqsi; safrangeTi; italia. --- 77<br />
22. suraTi. sestriere (sestriere), italia.. sasporto qalaqi; italia.--- 79<br />
23. suraTi. norvegiis samTo-rekreaciebi; --- 79<br />
24. suraTi. sastumro “borgafel” moTxilamureTaTvis (Sotlandia) --- 80<br />
25. suraTi. <strong>da</strong>sasvenebeli zona-“ialbuzi‟‟; --- 81<br />
26. suraTi. dombai-arxizis raionis rekriaciul-<br />
gegmarebiTiorganizacia: --- 82<br />
27. suraTi. samTo-saTxilamuro kompleqsi dombai; --- 83<br />
28. suraTi. D dombais xedebi; --- 83<br />
29. suraTi. dombais xedebi; --- 84<br />
30. suraTi. samTo-rekriaciuli kompleqs «Лунная Поляна»-s<br />
funqciur-gegmarebiTiorganizacia ---85<br />
31. suraTi . putinis vila «Лунная Поляна»-Si --- 85<br />
32. suraTi . <strong>da</strong>ba bakurianis turistuli ruka; --- 90<br />
33. suraTi . miwaTsargeblobis generaluri gegma<br />
bakurianis sarekriacio zona m 1:50000 --- 91<br />
34. suraTi. <strong>da</strong>ba bakurianis turistuli ruka; --- 92<br />
35. suraTi. didvelis xedi sabagiro<strong>da</strong>n; --- 92<br />
36. suraTi. <strong>da</strong>ba bakurianis xedi; --- 92<br />
37. suraTi. koxta goraze asavleli sabagiro gza; --- 93<br />
38. suraTi. <strong>da</strong>ba bakuriani;Ddidvelis sqematuri ruka; --- 93<br />
39. suraTi. <strong>da</strong>ba bakurianis miwaTsargeblobis<br />
generaluri gegma (geografiki) --- 94<br />
40. suraTi. gu<strong>da</strong>uri sqematuri ruka --- 95<br />
41. suraTi. gu<strong>da</strong>uris sabagiroebi --- 96<br />
42. suraTi. sakurorto-rekreaciuli raionebis<br />
sazRvrebis <strong>da</strong>dgenis principebi --- 102<br />
141
43. suraTi. jipturizmi ---118<br />
44. suraTi. qveiTi <strong>da</strong> saxenosno marSrutebis ruka ---128<br />
45. suraTi. samTo-saTxilamuro <strong>da</strong> turistul<br />
gamagansaRebeli kompleqsebi --- 129<br />
46. suraTi. Walaadi-mestia-awvalis; TeTnuldi-tviberi-JabeSis;<br />
Sxara-uSgulis; eweris; Wuberis<br />
samTo- rekreaciuli gegmarebiTi erTeulebi. --- 131<br />
47. suraTi. Walaadis turistuli marSruti ---- 132<br />
48. suraTi. Sxaris turistuli marSruti --- 132<br />
49. suraTi. tviberis turistuli marSruti --- 133<br />
50. suraTi. uSbis turistuli marSruti --- 133<br />
51. suraTi. JabeS-uSgulis turistuli marSruti --- 134<br />
52. suraTi. samegrelo-<strong>zemo</strong><strong>svaneTis</strong> ruka ----- 140<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTebi:<br />
4. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>da</strong> mimdebare teritoriebis ………… .<br />
5. <strong>zemo</strong> <strong>svaneTis</strong> <strong>da</strong> misi Semogarenis<br />
saqarTvelos prezidentis 2006 wlis 7 noebris brZanebulebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>mtkic<strong>da</strong> erovnuli mniSvnelobis kategoriis kulturis uZravi<br />
Zeglebi<br />
mestiis municipaliteti 1. mestiis macxovris eklesia (macxvar) 2.<br />
adiSis wm. giorgis eklesia (jgrag) 3. adiSis arqiteqturuli<br />
kompleqsi 4. adiSis mTavarangelozis eklesia (Taringzel) 5. adiSis<br />
mTavarangelozis eklesia (Taringzel) 6. adiSis macxovris eklesia<br />
(macxvar) 7. adiSis wm. giorgis eklesia 8. Tavralis macxovris<br />
eklesia (macxvar) 9. ienaSi ioane winaswarmetyvelis eklesia (ian) 10.<br />
ifraris mTavarangelozis eklesia (Taringzel) 11. ifxis wm. giorgis<br />
eklesia (jgrag) 12. laSTxveris mTavarangelozis eklesia<br />
(Taringzel) 13. laxiris qemlaT ioselianis koSki 14. lahilis wm.<br />
giorgis eklesia (mxeris jgrag) 15. macxvariSis macxovris eklesia<br />
(macxvar) 16. macxvariSis mTavarangelozis eklesia (Taringzel) 17.<br />
murymelis macxovris eklesia (macxvar) 18. nesgunis macxovris<br />
eklesia (macxvar) 19. JabeSis macxovris eklesia (macxvar) 20. JamuSis<br />
eklesia macxovris (macxvar) 21. Jibianis lamarias kompleqsi 22.<br />
142
svifis wm. giorgis eklesia (jgrag) 23. CaJaSis soflis ganaSenianeba<br />
24. macxovris eklesia (macxvar) 25. wvirmis mTavrangelozis eklesia<br />
(Taringzel) 26. wvirmis macxovris eklesia (macxvar) 27. wvirmis<br />
mTavarangelozis eklesia (naka Taringzeli) 28. wvirmis wm. giorgis<br />
eklesia (jgrag) 29. Woxuldis macxovris lahili eklesia 30. xaiSis<br />
mTavarangelozis eklesia (Taringzel) 31. sof. xis saeklesio<br />
kompleqsi 32. ilia gulbanis koSki<br />
disertaciaSi gamoyenebuli abreviaturebi<br />
MCC – Milenium Chellenge Corporation - aTaswleulis gamowvevis<br />
korporacia;<br />
MCG –Millennium Challenge Georgia - aTaswleulis gamowveva<br />
saqarTvelos;<br />
TRACECA – Transport Corridor Europe–Caucasus–Asia – evropa-kavkasia-aziis<br />
satransporto derefani;<br />
BSRH – Black Sea Ring Highway - Savi zRvis wriuli magistrali;<br />
BSEC–Black Sea Economic Cooperation – Savi zRvis ekonomikuri<br />
TanamSromlobis organizacia;<br />
GUAM– Organization for Democracy and Economic Development –<br />
demokratiisa <strong>da</strong> ekonomikuri ganviTarebis organozacia; wevri<br />
qveynebi: saqarTvelo, ukraina, azerbaijani <strong>da</strong> moldova.<br />
WWF – The World Wide Fund for Nature – bunebis <strong>da</strong>cvis msoflio<br />
fondi;<br />
WB – World Bank - soflio banki;<br />
GTZ – germaniis teqnikuri <strong>da</strong>xmarebis saagentos<br />
RAMSAR–konvencia saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis Warbteniani,<br />
gansakuTrebiT wylis frinvelTa sabinadrod vargisi, teritoriebis<br />
Sesaxeb;<br />
CBD – gaeros konvencia biologiur mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb;<br />
143
CMS – konvencia veluri cxovelebis migrirebadi saxeobebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb;<br />
AEWA – SeTanxmeba „afrika-evraziis migrirebadi wylis frinvelebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>cvis Sesaxeb“;<br />
NSDAP – biologiuri mravalferovnebis erovnuli strategia <strong>da</strong><br />
samoqmedo gegma;<br />
GRL – saqarTvelos ,,wiTeli nusxis”<br />
IUCN - bunebis <strong>da</strong>cvis saerToSereso kavSiris;<br />
gzS – garemoze <strong>zemo</strong>qmedebis Sefaseba;<br />
SWOT – Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats - Zlieri <strong>da</strong><br />
susti mxareebi, SesaZleblobebi <strong>da</strong> saSiSroebebi;<br />
GIS (gis) - geoinformaciuli sistemebi;<br />
sua - saqarTvelos urbanistTa asociacia.<br />
. 11. gamoyenebuli wyaroebi<br />
saqarTvelos konstitucia (1995).<br />
2. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi (1997).<br />
3. saqarTvelos kanoni `sivrciTi mowyobisa <strong>da</strong> qalaqTmSeneblobis<br />
safuZvlebis Sesaxeb~ (2005).<br />
4. saqarTvelos kanoni `maRalmTiani regionebis socialur-<br />
ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong> kulturuli ganviTarebis Sesaxeb~ (1999).<br />
5. saqarTvelos kanoni `<strong>da</strong>culi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~<br />
(1996).<br />
6. saqarTvelos kanoni `<strong>turizmis</strong>a <strong>da</strong> kurortis Sesaxeb~ (1997).<br />
7. saqarTvelos kanoni `kurortebisa <strong>da</strong> sakurorto adgilebis<br />
sanitaruli <strong>da</strong>cvis zonebis Sesaxeb~ (1998).<br />
8. saqarTvelos prezidentis 2005 wlis 22 ivlisis # 655<br />
brZanebulebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli `saqarTvelos kurortebisa <strong>da</strong> sakurorto adgilebis<br />
nusxa~.<br />
144
9. saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2010 wlis 25 ivnisis # 172 <strong>da</strong>dgenilebiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>mtkicebuli `saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis 2010_2017 ww.<br />
saxelmwifo strategia~.<br />
10. gabliani e. „Zveli <strong>da</strong> axali svaneTi“. Tb., 1925.<br />
11. gujejiani r. „qarTvel mTielTa mentalobis istorii<strong>da</strong>n“. Tb.,<br />
2008ю<br />
12. ioseliani x. „saqorwilo sufrasTan gamaspinZlebis wesi<br />
svaneTSi“. Tb.,<br />
`mecniereba~, 1999.<br />
13. kviciani i. „svaneTi“. Tb., 2003.<br />
14. lorTqifaniZe g. .„<strong>svaneTis</strong> antikuri xanis saqarTvelos<br />
zarafxana“.Aartanuji, 2008.<br />
15. maCabeli k. „<strong>svaneTis</strong> saganZuri<strong>da</strong>n“. Tb., 1982.<br />
16. niJaraZe b. Istoriul-eTnografiuli werilebi. T. I. Tb., 1962.<br />
17. niJaraZe b. „ istoriul-eTnografiuli werilebi“. T. II. Tb., 1962.<br />
18. <strong>svaneTis</strong> istoriisa <strong>da</strong> eTnografiis muzeumi“. Tb., 2008.<br />
19. yenia r. „<strong>zemo</strong> svaneTi“. Tb., 2000.<br />
20. SubiTiZe v. bolqvaZe d. „ qarTuli eklesia-monastrebi“. Tb., 2008.<br />
21. Carkviani a. svaneTi, Tb., 1<br />
22. Carkviani a. svaneTi (XIX saukunis meore naxevari <strong>da</strong> XX saukunis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sawyisi). Tb., `mecniereba~, 1967.<br />
23. CarTolani S. „Zveli svaneTi“. Tb., 1996.<br />
24. xaraZe r., robaqiZe al .,<strong>svaneTis</strong> sofeli Zvelad~, Tb., 1964.<br />
25. xomeriki g., turizmi saxelmZRvanelo <strong>turizmis</strong> specialobis<br />
studentebisaTvis თბ., “teqnikuri universiteti”. 2008<br />
26. xomeriki g., turizmi saxelmZRvanelo <strong>turizmis</strong> specialobis<br />
studentebisaTvis თბ., “teqnikuri universiteti”. 2008. 175.<br />
27. saqarTvelos ssr kurortebi <strong>da</strong> sakurorto resursebi. moskovi,<br />
1989.<br />
145
28. qarTlis cxovreba. IV. batoniSvili vaxuSti. aRwera samefosa<br />
saqarTvelosa. Tb., `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1973.<br />
29. qarTvelTa eTnikuri istoria <strong>da</strong> saqarTvelos<br />
istoriul- eTnografiuli mxareebi: konspeqturi varianti / r.<br />
TofCiSvili; [red. <strong>da</strong>viT musxeliSvili] ; saq. Mecn. Akad., istoriisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> eTnologiis in- ti. — Tb. : mematiane, 2002.<br />
30. mestiis municipaliteti<br />
http://www.szs.gov.ge/cgibin/admin/show_menu_geo.pl?prfile=35.db<br />
31. saqarTvelos ekonomikisa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis saministro<br />
http://www.economy.ge/?category=4&lang=geo&item=258<br />
32. mestiaSi sakurorto infrastruqturis mSenebloba<br />
iwyeba. saqarTvelos ekonomikisa <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebis<br />
saministro http://www.economy.ge/?category=4&lang=geo&item=258<br />
33. Джандиери М.И., Лежава Г.И. Архитектура горных райнов Грузии. М., Гос.<br />
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