genderuli statistikis gamoyeneba.pdf - GeoStat.Ge

gamocemaSi gamoxatuli mosazrebebi yovelTvis ar emTxveva publikaciismxardamWeri organizaciebis mosazrebebs.saxelmZRvanelo Tavdapirvelad gamoica gaeros qalTa organizaciisa dagaeros ganviTarebis programis moldaveTis ofisebis mier ganxorcielebulierToblivi proeqtis farglebSi, 2011 wels, romelic erovnuli statistikissistemis xelSewyobas isaxavda miznad da misi avtorebi arian:qristina vaileanu (Tavebi I, IV da danarTebi)viorika rusu (Tavi II)vasile kantarji (Tavi III)saxelmZRvanelos qarTuli versia momzadda gaeros qalTa organizaciis(UN Women) da SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos (Sida)mxardaWeriT da gamoica aziis ganviTarebis bankis (ADB) mxardaWeriT.qarTul versiaze muSaobdnen:Tengiz cekvavagiorgi kalakaSvililia CareqiSvilimanana tabataZeISBN2

sarCeviwinasityvaoba .............................................................................................................................................................. 4Tavi I. genderuli statistika da genderuli indikatorebi ........................................................ 61.1 mokle Sesavali genderuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb ................................................................................ 61.2 ras warmoadgens genderuli statistika da ratom aris igi aucilebeli? ................. 81.3. genderuli indikatorebi ............................................................................................................................... 9Tavi II. zogadi statistika – ZiriTadi cnebebi .................................................................................132.1 sityva “statistikis” mniSvneloba ......................................................................................................... 132.2 statistikis gansazRvreba ........................................................................................................................... 132.3 statistikis ZiriTadi cnebebi ................................................................................................................. 142.4 statistikuri kvlevebisas xSirad gamoyenebadi Sefasebis Skalebi ................................ 162.5 statistikuri monacemebis sistematizeba da gavrceleba ....................................................... 172.6 korelaciis Teoriis elementebi ........................................................................................................... 33Tavi III. sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebuli statistikuri monacemebi:Sidaseqtoruli da seqtorTaSorisi korelaciebi ......................................................................... 343.1. sazogadoebrivi cxovreba ............................................................................................................................ 353.2. Sromis bazari da dasaqmeba ....................................................................................................................... 413.3. socialuri dacva – pensiebi ................................................................................................................... 493.4. janmrTeloba ...................................................................................................................................................... 55Tavi IV. sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebuli statistikuri monacemebis gamoyenebagenderuli analizisTvis an/da saxelmwifo politikis mosalodneli SedegebisSefaseba genderuli TvalsazrisiT ............................................................................................................. 684.1. genderuli Tanasworoba da genderuli meinstrimingi saxelmwifo politikasada strategiaSi .......................................................................................................................................................... 684.2. genderuli analizi ........................................................................................................................................ 714.3. mosalodneli Sedegebis Sefaseba genderuli TvalsazrisiT .............................................. 75danarTebi .................................................................................................................................................................... 85a. klasifikaciis sistema, romelic miRebulia gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciisrekomendaciiT da pekinis samoqmedo platformiT (1995) gansazRvruliprioritetuli sferoebis mixedviT ............................................................................................................. 85b. saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi sakanonmdeblo instrumentebi, romelicgenderuli statistikis ganviTarebas uwyobs xels .......................................................................... 89g. genderuli terminebis ganmarteba ............................................................................................................ 91gamoyenebuli literatura .............................................................................................................................. 953

winasityvaobawindamdebare praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia maTTvis, vinc iyenebs sqesobriviniSniT diferencirebul statistikur monacemebs, rom maTTvis ufro gasagebigaxdes genderuli statistikis ZiriTadi cnebebi da is Tu rogoraa SesaZlebeliamgvari monacemebis gamoyeneba genderuli diskriminaciis Sefasebisa da daZlevisaTvis,gansakuTrebiT, sazogadoebrivi politikis SemuSavebis gziT.saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia genderuli sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis.vimedovnebT, rom igi Tanabrad daexmareba rogorc centraluri da adgilobrivixelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs, romlebic monawileoben gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSipolitikur da ekonomikur sferoebSi, ise arasamTavrobo organizaciebis, akademiuriwreebisa da mediis warmomadgenlebs, romlebic akvirdebian da aanalizeben arsebulmdgomareobas genderuli Tanasworobis TvalsazrisiT.saxelmZRvanelo oTxi Tavisagan da ramdenime danarTisagan Sedgeba. gamocema iZlevagenderuli statistikisa da sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebuli statistikuri monacemebisgamoyenebis kompleqsur perspeqtivas genderuli Tanasworobis mxriv arsebulimdgomareobis Sefasebisa da analizisaTvis, raTa momzaddes da ganxorcieldes saxelmwifopolitika, romelic miznad isaxavs arsebuli uTanasworobis gamosworebassaqarTveloSi, romelic erTnairad keTildReobis momtani iqneba qalebisa da kacebisaTvis.Cven SevecadeT agvexsna, Tu rogor SeiZleba sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebulistatistikuri monacemebisa da genderuli statistikis gamoyeneba maqsimaluradefeqtianad, risTvisac SeZlebisdagvarad, gamoviyeneT praqtikuli magaliTebi TeoriulganmartebebTan erTad.amrigad, pirveli Tavi eTmoba Sesavals genderuli sakiTxebisa da genderuli statistikisSesaxeb, sadac xazgasmulia konceptualuri bazis SemuSavebis, cnebebis (maTSoris gansxvavebebis) ganmartebis da genderuli statistikis gamoyenebis aucilebloba.meore TavSi warmodgenilia statistikis, rogorc mecnierebis dargis ZiriTadielementebi magaliTebis safuZvelze, ara-specialistebisaTvis gasagebi eniT. Sesabamisad,statistikuri monacemebis momxmareblebs SeeZlebaT ukeT gaTviTcnobierdnen aRniSnulsakiTxebSi da ukeTesad gamoiyenon statistikuri monacemebi analitikuri saqmianobisaTvis.mesame TavSi ganxilulia, Tu ra mniSnveloba eniWeba sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebulimonacemebis Tanafardobis Seswavlas rigi sakiTxebis gadawyvetasa da koordinirebulisazogadoebrivi politikis CamoyalibebaSi. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, SevecadeTwarmogvedgina seqtorebSorisi statistikuri monacemebis analizis magaliTebi,genderuli sakiTxis maqsimalurad, mizez-Sedegobrivi aspeqtebis warmoCeniT.saxelmZRvanelos bolo TavSi ganmartebulia sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebuli statistikurimonacemebis analizis gamoyenebis mniSvneloba miukerZoebeli saxelmwifopolitikis gatarebisaTvis qalebisa da kacebis mimarT. aseve mocemulia mokleprezentacia genderuli analizisa da genderuli kuTxiT mosalodneli Sedegebis Sefasebisprincipebis Sesaxeb, saxelmwifo politikis dagegmvis, ganxorcielebisa dakontrolis procesSi.sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebuli monacemebis da genderuli statistikis gamoyenebamxolod saSualebaa da ara problemis gadawyveta.gansakuTrebiT unda gaesvas xazi imas, rom praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo ar warmoadgens“mza receptebis krebuls”. Cveni mizani iyo mkiTxvelisaTvis mxolod aucilebelisaSualebebis miwodeba zogadad statistikuri monacemebis da kerZod, sqesobriviniSniT diferencirebuli monacemebis Sesaxeb, rac uzrunvelyofs statistikuri monacemebismomxmarebelTa da potenciur momxmarebelTa mier genderuli analizis warmatebiTganxorcielebas, qalebisa da kacebis mimarT Tanabrad miukerZoebeli saxelmwifopolitikis dagegmvis, SemuSavebis, ganxorcielebisa da Sefasebis procesSi.4

Tavi I. genderuli statistika da genderuli indikatorebisaxelmZRvanelos pirveli Tavi warmoadgens mokle Sesavals genderul sakiTxebSi.xazgasmulia aseve genderuli sakiTxebis analizis mniSvneloba iseTi sazogadoebis mSeneblobisprocesSi, romelSic Tanabari uflebebiT sargeblobs misi yvela wevri, qalida kaci. Cven gavecnobiT genderuli statistikis terminologias, sqesobrivi niSniTdiferencirebul statistikur monacemebs da genderul indikatorebs, romelic warmoadgenssazogadoebaSi arsebuli struqturuli problemebis Sefasebis, programulimimarTulebebisa Tu politikis mosalodneli Sedegebis genderuli kuTxiT Sefasebisada sazogadoebaSi genderuli Tanasworobis xarisxis Sefasebis instruments.1.1 mokle Sesavali genderuli sakiTxebis SesaxebsazogadoebaSi, qalsa da kacs gansxvavebuli roli, resursebi, moTxovnilebebi da interesebigaaCnia. gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi maTi monawileoba araTanabaria.“qalisa” da “kacis” samuSaos mimarT Camoyalibebuli Sefasebebic ar aris Tanabari.gansxvavebebi araTanabaria sxvadasxva sazogadoebaSi, kulturasa Tu qveyanaSi. mravalistrategia Tu politika ar iTvaliswinebs aRniSnuli gansxvavebebis arsebobas, rasacSedegad moyveba is, rom kerZo da saxelmwifo infrastruqtura, dasaqmebis, biznesisada politikis sferoebi xSirad yalibdeba qalisa da kacis specifikuri moTxovnilebebisgaTvaliswinebis gareSe. umravles SemTxvevaSi xdeba mxolod kacis moTxovnilebebisgaTvaliswineba.bavSvis dabadeba ojaxis cxovrebaSi ganumeorebel movlenas warmoadgens. bavSvis dabadebasxangrZlivi mosamzadebeli periodi uZRvis win. Tu mSoblebisaTvis cnobiliabavSvis sqesi, gogonasaTvis amzadeben vardisfer kompleqtebs, xolo biWebisTvis –cisfers.es mxolod ferebs Soris gansxvavebaa? aSkarad – ara. ojaxi elodeba axalSobilisdabadebas, ukve SerCeuli ferebiT da Camoyalibebuli molodinebiT, rac mis (gogonasTu biWis) cxovrebas gansazRvravs: Tu gogonaa, is ar/unda iqceodes ase..., ar/undaiyos aseTi..., ar/unda gamoiyurebodes ase..., ar/unda iswavlos ..., roca gaizrdeba ar/unda iyos... da a.S., xolo Tu biWia ....aseTi winaswar gansazRvruli mosazrebebi ayalibebs Cvens faseulobaTa models, racgvaqcevs “qalad” an “kacad”, am sityvebis socialuri mniSvnelobiT.ojaxi pirvelia, romelsac Cvenamde moaqvs es simboluri ganwyoba, romelsac cxovrebismanZilze uerTdeba skola, eklesia, masmedia da zogadad sazogadoeba.genderi warmoadgens gansxvavebas qalsa da kacs Soris, romelic ganisazRvreba socialuradda kulturulad, SeiTviseba da icvleba droTa ganmavlobaSi. es gansxvavebebiwarmoadgens sqesobrivi niSniT gansazRvruli sazogadoebisa da kulturuli gavlenebispasuxs. amrigad, genderuli sakiTxi emyareba kacsa da qals Soris biologiurgansxvavebebs, Tumca isini yalibdeba garemo faqtorebiT, kulturuli TaviseburebebiT,socialuri niSnebiTa da RirebulebebiT. gansxvavebebis speqtri mniSvnelovnad icvleba,rogorc erTi kulturis farglebSi, aseve, sxvadasxva kulturebs Soris.genderi warmoadgens konceptualur instruments, romelic gamoiyeneba garkveul konteqstSikacisa da qalis rolis, movaleobebis, SezRudvebis, SesaZleblobebisa damoTxovnilebebis analizisaTvis.genderuli uTanasworoba Camoyalibda qalsa da kacs Soris arsebuli socialuriurTierTobebis mTeli istoriis manZilze. genderul rolebsa da moTxovnilebebze gavlenasaxdens klasobrivi mdgomareoba, asaki, rasobrivi da eTnikuri kuTvnileba, kulturada religiuri mrwamsi, iseve rogorc, geografiuli, ekonomikuri da politi-6

kuri garemo. nebismier socialur konteqstSi, genderuli rolebi SeiZleba iyos moqnilian xisti, msgavsi an gansxvavebuli, urTierTSemavsebeli an winaaRmdegobrivi.qalTa da kacTa Soris socialur uTanasworobasTan erTad, arsebobs gansxvavebebi ekonomikurida socialuri, gadawyvetilebis miRebis doneze monawileobis, asakisa dasxva parametrebis mixedviT. amrigad, SegviZlia marTebulad ganvacxadoT, rom genderuligansxvavebebi da uTanasworoba warmoadgens mikerZoebulobis erT-erT ZiriTadfaqtors socialur doneze.termini “genderi” ar anacvlebs termins “sqesi”, romelic exeba mxolod biologiurgansxvavebebs kacsa da qals Soris. sqesTan dakavSirebuli parametrebi universalurida ucvlelia. sqesisagan gasxvavebiT, genderi gansazRvravs socialur urTierTobasqalsa da kacs Soris, rac SeiZleba Seicvalos politikuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuligaremoebebis zegavleniT.unda aRiniSnos, rom genderi warmoadgens struqturul gansxvavebas, romelic mTelmosaxleobaze axdens gavlenas. arc qalTa da arc kacTa jgufebi ar unda iqnas gamoyofiligansakuTrebulad sxva jgufebisagan. garda amisa, genderi gavlenas axdens daxSirad aerTianebs gansxvavebebsa da daucvelobas, romelic warmoiSoba sxva struqturuligansxvavebebis Sedegad, rogoricaa: rasa, garegnobis eTnikuri niSnebi, socialurikeTildReobis done, asaki, SezRuduli unari, sqesobrivi orientacia da a.S.ucvlelisqesi = biologiuri gansxvavebaqalsa da kacs Sorisbunebrivad ucvleli, universalurigansxvavebebi;ar icvleba droTa ganmavlobaSi,an erTi kulturidanmeoreSi.genderi = socialuri urTier-Toba qalsa da kacs Soris gansxvavebebi, romelic iqmnebasocialuri urTierTobebisistoriis manZilze, daSeiZleba Seicvalos;qalisa da kacis roli icvlebadroTa ganmavlobaSi daerTi kulturidan meoreSi.cvalebadimxolod qalebi aCenen da ZuZuTikvebaven bavSvebs; mxolod kacebs SeuZliaT bunebrivadgaanayofieron qali.qalebs SeuZliaT iyvnen kargi premierministrebi;kacebs SeuZliaT kargad gaarTvan TavibavSvis movlas.genderuli sakiTxi exeba qalisa da kacis cxovrebis yvela aspeqts da maT xelT arsebuliSesaZleblobis gansxvavebebis analizs, specifikur moTxovnilebebsa da resursebzexelmisawvdomobis CaTvliT. genderuli problemebis speqtri ar moicavsmxolod qalebis problemebis ganxilvasa da analizs. igi exeba qalisa da kacisstatusis Sedarebas yvela socialur sferoSi da qalsa da kacs Soris arsebuliuTanasworobis analizs, im mizniT, rom gamoswordes SezRuduli da araTanabari garemoebebi,romelic genderuli niSnebiTaa ganpirobebuli da rom uzrunvelyofil iqnasTanaswori ganviTareba qalebisac da kacebisac. Tumca, miuxedavad imisa, rom zogadadqalebi ufro metad arian daucvelebi, kacebsac uwevT mravali dabrkolebis gadalaxva.strategiebi, romlebic iqmneba qalebisa da kacebis mosaxleobis jgufisaTvis, an pirdapiraadakavSirebuli aRniSnul mizanTan, met-naklebad ukeT iTvaliswinebs genderulperspeqtivas.sazogadoebrivi politika sxvadasxvagvarad moqmedebs qalebsa da kacebze da misidagegmva da SemuSaveba swored am faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda xorcieldebodes,raTa Tavidan iqnas acilebuli arsebuli genderuli uTanasworobis gaRrmaveba, moxdes7

misi Semcireba da Tanabari midgomebi SemuSavdes qalebisa da kacebis interesebisa damoTxovnilebebis mimarT. Tumca, ufro detaluri analizis pirobebSi, SesaZloa aRmoCndes,rom politika, romelic, erTi SexedviT, genderulad neitraluria, gansxvavebulgavlenas axdens qalebsa da kacebze. es xdeba imitom, rom arsebobs sagulisxmogansxvavebebi qalebisa da kacebis cxovrebas Soris sxvadasxva sferoebSi da erTiSexedviT neitralurma politikam SesaZloa xeli Seuwyos arsebuli uTanasworobisufro metad gaRrmavebas.1.2 ras warmoadgens genderuli statistika da ratom aris igi aucilebeli?genderuli statistika warmoadgens statistikis sferos, romelic horizontalurWrilSi kveTs statistikis tradiciul sferoebs da miznad isaxavs, qalebisa da kacebiscxovrebisa da genderul sakiTxebze orientirebuli politikis gavlenis realuradamsaxveli statistikuri monacemebis gansazRvras, warmoebas da gavrcelebas 1 . genderulistatistika iZleva genderuli uTanasworobisa da genderuli sakiTxebis sistematuradSeswavlis saSualebas. genderuli sakiTxebi exeba qalebisa da kacebisurTierTobis sxvadasxva aspeqtebs, uTanasworobas, romelic arsebobs resursebisxelmisawvdomobisa da gamoyenebis mxriv, saqmianobas, romelsac isini axorcieleben daimas, Tu rogor reagireben cvlilebebze, saxelmwifo politikasa da intervenciebze.genderuli statistikis sayovelTaod miRebuli ganmarteba upiratesad emyareba SevedeTisstatistikis biuros 2 mowinave saqmianobas genderuli statistikis xelSewyobismxriv erovnul doneze da genderuli statistikis ganviTarebaze globalur konteqstSi.zogadad, arsebobs sami ZiriTadi piroba genderuli statistikis ganxorcielebisTvis3 :genderuli statistika1. adamianebis Sesaxeb arsebuli yvela saxis statistikuri monacemebis Segroveba,Tavmoyra da maTi warmodgena genderuli niSnis mixedviT;2. yvela cvladi da maxasiaTebeli unda gaanalizdes da warmodgenil iqnas genderuliniSnis, rogorc pirveladi, aseve zogadi klasifikaciis kriteriumis mixedviT;3. saWiroa gansakuTrebuli Zalisxmeva genderuli sakiTxebis gamovlenis, aRniSnulisakiTxebis Sesaxeb monacemebis Segrovebisa da sazogadoebaSi maTi gavrcelebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis.gamocema “Engendering Statistics. A tool for Change”, romelic SvedeTis statistikis biurosmier iqna gamocemuli, genderuli statistikis komponentebad miiCnevs kidev orsakiTxs, romelic SemdegSi mdgomareobs 4 :4. monacemebis Segrovebis procesSi gamoyenebuli cnebebisa da gansazRvrebebis formulireba,romelic adekvaturad asaxavs kacsa da qals Soris arsebul gansxvavebebsda moicavs maTi cxovrebis yvela aspeqts da5. monacemebis Segrovebis meTodebis SemuSaveba genderuli stereotipebisa da socialur-kulturuligaremoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic potenciurad damabneveliagenderuli TvalsazrisiT monacemebis interpretirebis dros.1.UNECE‐is ganmartebis mixedviT: Making Gender Statistics, http://www.unece.org/stats/gender/gerstats/gerstats‐1.htm2.Statistics Sweden3. Lorraine Corner, “From Margins to Mainstream: From Gender Statistics to Enendering Statistical Systems”, UNIFEMin Asia‐Pacific and Arab States, p.24.B. Hedman, F.Perucci, P.Sundstrom “Engendering Statistics – A Tool for Change” Statistics Sweden, 1996, p.118

genderuli aspeqtebis gansazRvraze moTxovna kidev ufro izrdeba imis gamo, rom saWiroebsstatistikuri monacemebis arsebobis aucileblobas im sferoebSi, romelicufro metad relevanturia erTi sqesis da naklebad relevanturi – meoris mimarT.garda amisa, aucilebelia mxedvelobaSi miviRoT is faqtic, rom saxelmwifo politikamda programebma SesaZloa gasxvavebuli gavlena iqonios qalebsa da kacebze, Sesabamisad,saWiroa aRniSnuli moTxovnilebis monitoringi am kuTxiT.genderuli statistika ar gulisxmobs mxolod statistikuri monacemebis Segrovebasqalebis Sesaxeb. es ufro metia, vidre statistikuri monacemebis martivi ganawilebasqesobrivi niSnis mixedviT. genderuli aspeqtebis adekvaturad amsaxveli statistikiswarmoeba gulisxmobs yvela statistikuri monacemis damuSavebas, sazogadoebis donezeqalisa da kacis gansxvavebuli socialur-ekonomikuri realobis gaTvaliswinebiT. aRniSnuligulisxmobs, rom yvela saxis statistikuri monacemi (romelic pirdapir dairibad exeba adamianebs) unda Segrovdes da damuSavdes im genderuli faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT,romelsac gansxvavebuli gavlena gaaCnia qalsa da kacze. es procesiSeiZleba aisaxos, rogorc genderuli sakiTxebis meinstrimingi statistikaSi.erovnul doneze qveynebis genderuli statistikis mxriv mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisaTvis,aucilebelia TanamSromloba statistikuri monacemebis mwarmoeblebsa damomxmareblebs Soris. statistikis momxmareblebs gaaCniaT specifikuri moTxovnilebebistatistikuri monacemebis Sesaxeb, romelic mwarmoeblebma unda daakmayofilon Sesabamisistatistikuri produqtebiT. es procesi xorcieldeba permanentuli dialogisfarglebSi momxmareblebsa da mwarmoeblebs Soris. momxmareblebma unda CamoayalibonsakuTari kriteriumebi konkretuli moTxovnilebebis mixedviT, xolo statistikurimonacemebis mimwodeblebma unda upasuxon momxmarebelTa specifikur moTxovnilebebs.Tumca, xSirad, momxmareblebma ar ician statistikis garkveuli monacemebis Sesaxeb,an/da ar SeuZliaT sakuTari moTxovnebis naTlad Camoyalibeba. meores mxriv, statistikurimonacemebis mimwodeblebi yovelTvis ar pasuxoben momxmarebelTa moTxovnebsan maTi samuSaos genderul specifikas. momxmareblebma unda iswavlon Tu rogorCamoayalibon sakuTari moTxovnebi efeqtianad da rogor gamoiyenon statistikurimonacemebi sakuTar saqmianobaSi; xolo statistikis mwarmoeblebs unda SeeZloT genderuliaspeqtebisa da problemebis wvdoma, romlebic aucileblad unda iqnas asaxulistatistikuri monacemebis Segrovebisa da gavrcelebis dros. mxolod am or socialurjgufs Soris mWidro da uwyveti TanamSromlobiT gaxdeba SesaZlebeli yovlismomcveligenderuli statistikis warmoeba, romelic upasuxebs momxmarebelTakonkretul moTxovnebs da yvelasTvis gasagebi da advilad gamoyenebadi iqneba.1.3. genderuli indikatorebiindikatorebi warmoadgenen monacemebs, romlebic Tavs uyris didi moculobis informaciaserT ricxvSi, dinamikaSi naCvenebi cvlilebis asaxviT. genderuli indikatorebiSeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc maCvenebeli, romelic aRricxavs genderul cvlilebebsdinamikaSi.maSin, roca genderuli statistika iZleva faqtiur indikatorebs qalebisa da kacebismdgomareobis Sesaxeb, genderuli indikatorebi moicaven pirdapir mtkicebulebasqalTa da kacTa mdgomareobis Sesaxeb dadgenil normatiul standartTan an naTladgansazRvrul Sesabamis jgufTan SedarebiT.9

gansxvaveba genderul statistikasa da genderul indikatorebs Sorisgenderuli statistika“x” qveynidan qalebis 60% wera-kiTxvismcodnea, nacvlad 30%-isa 5 wlis win.“x” qveynidan kacebis 82% wera-kiTxvismcodnea, nacvlad 52%-isa 5 wlis win.genderuli indikatorebi“x” qveynidan 60% qalebisa wera-kiTxvismcodnea, xolo kacebSi igive maCvenebeli82%-s udris, roca 5 wlis win igivemaCveneblebi Sesabamisad 30% da 52%-sudrida.norma an sakontrolo jgufi warmodgeniliakacebiT igive qveynidan, xolosxva SemTxvevebSi SesaZloa aRniSnulijgufi qalebisgan Sedgebodes.erovnul doneze, genderuli indikatorebi saWiroa maTTvis, vinc SeimuSavebs daamtkicebs saxelmwifo politikas, rogorc genderuli uTanasworobis Sefasebis saSualebas.garda amisa, genderuli indikatorebi iZleva informacias imis Sesaxeb, Turogor SeiZleba politikis SemuSaveba aRniSnuli uTanasworobis Sesamcireblad dagenderuli Tanasworobis xelSesawyobad. genderuli indikatorebis saSualebiT undagamoswordes is fesvgadgmuli stereotipebi, romelic Tavs iCens indikatorebSi erovnuldoneze, rogoricaa mTliani Sida produqti (mSp), romelic ar afasebs qalTa aunazRaurebeliSromis kontribucias da ar Seyavs igi erovnul angariSTa sistemaSi.zogadad, arsebobs genderuli indikatorebis oTxi ZiriTadi kategoria:1. sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebuli indikatorebimagaliTebi:parlamentis wevri qalebis procentuli maCvenebeli parlamentis wevr kacebisprocentul maCvenebelTan SedarebiT;qalTa dasaqmebis maCvenebeli, kacebis igive maCvenebelTan SedarebiT.sakiTxi imaSi mdgomareobs, Tu ramdenad Rrmad unda movaxdinoT monacemTa analizi dadiferencireba, radgan SesaZloa mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi dafiqsirdes erTi indikatorisSesaxeb sxvadasxva jgufebSi, iqneba es qalebi Tu kacebi, asakis, Semosavliswyaros, eTnikuri warmomavlobisa da sxva kriteriumebis mixedviT.magaliTad, anazRaurebadi Sromis bazarze dasaqmebis indikatoris ganxilvisas,SeiZleba SevniSnoT, rom garda monacemebis diferenciaciisa sqesis niSnis mixedviT,SesaZlebelia monacemebis ganawileba asakobrivi jgufis, ganaTlebis donis, sacxovrebeliadgilis (qalaqad/soflad), ekonomikuri saqmianobis, profesiuli jgufis, profesiulistatusis, qonebrivi mdgomareobis mixedviT da a.S.amrigad, indikatori, romelic mxolod sqesis niSnis mixedviTaa diferencirebuli,zogadad gviCvenebs saSualo genderul uTanasworobas (gender gap). Tumca SeiZlebadaifaros sagulisxmo gansxvavebebi igive sqesis qvejgufebis doneze. miuxedavad aRniSnulisa,sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebuli indikatorebi relevanturia saxelmwifopolitikisa da programebis dagegmvisa da SemuSavebisaTvis.10

2. specifikuri genderuli indikatorebimagaliTebi:gaupatiurebis registrirebuli SemTxvevebis raodenoba, romelic sasamarTlomganixila, sadac msxverplis rolSi mxolod qalebi gvevlinebian;prostatis kibos SemTxvevebis raodenoba, romelic mxolod kacebs exeba daa.S.msgavsi indikatorebi relevanturia mosaxleobis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis SefasebisaTvis,im sakiTxebze, romelic konkretulad kacebs an qalebs exeba.3. genderulad relevanturi indikatorebimagaliTebi:garkveul arealSi baga-baRebis raodenoba;uaxloes samedicino an saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebamde manZili.zogadad, umetes SemTxvevaSi, qalebs ekisrebaT pasuxismgebloba bavSvTa movlasa TuaRzrdaze, amrigad, msgavsi dawesebulebis raodenoba relevanturia qalTa mdgomareobisaTvis.msgavsad aRniSnulisa, Tu qali savaraudod, ufro metad zrunavs bavSvebze,vidre kaci, ufro metad mouwevT maT bavSvTa samedicino dawesebulebebsa Tu skolaSiwayvana, amdenad aRniSnuli indikatori aSkarad genderulad relevanturia. msgavsitipis indikatorebi mniSvnelovania informaciis mosapoveblad qalebisa da kacebis mierdrois gamoyenebis Sesaxeb, an zogierTi SemTxvevebis gamosakvlevad, roca qalebi naklebadarian warmodgenilni Sromis bazarze.4. indikatorebi, romelTac upiratesobas aniWeben qalebi, vidre kacebi da piriqiTmagaliTi – mmarTvelobis sferodan: qalebi gacilebiT uaryofiTad afaseben sazogadoebisTvis mniSvnelovanmomsaxurebaze qrTamis micemis faqts, vidre kacebi;qalebi ufro xSirad mxars uWeren partiebs an kandidatebs, visac gaaCniasaarCevno programa, romelSic yuradReba eTmoba ojaxs, ganaTlebasa dajanmrTelobas, xolo kacebi ufro xSirad mxars uWeren partiebs an kandidatebs,vinc saarCevnod pirdeba ekonomikur zrdasa da kerZo iniciativebisstimulirebisken mimarTuli politikis gatarebas.msgavsi tipis indikatorebi umeteswilad xarisxobrivi kvlevis Sedegad miiReba da araris aucilebeli, rom genderul sakiTxebs exebodes, Tumca asaxaven gansxvavebebs, romelicarsebobs qalebisa da kacebis prioritetebSi, sxvadasxva seqtorTan mimarTebaSi.aRniSnulis miuxedavad, qalebisa da kacebis prioritetebs Soris arsebuli gansxvavebebisufro Rrma kvlevas mivyavarT genderul rolebs Soris arsebul gansxvavebebamde.genderuli indikatorebis kidev erTi klasifikacia emyareba maT tipebs: xarisxobrivda raodenobriv indikatorebs. gansxvavebebi, maT Soris, exeba informaciisa da codnissaxes, romelsac TiToeuli maTgani warmoSobs:11

aodenobrivi indikatorebimonacemebi mocemulia jamurad da cvladebissaxiTxarisxobrivi indikatorebi- monacemebi ufro kompleqsuri daspecifikuria- mniSvnelovania ara monacemebis raodenoba,aramed xarisximagaliTi: sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebulistatistikuri monacemebi aris tipiuriraodenobrivi indikatorebimagaliTi: pirovnebis janmrTelobismdgomareobis Sefaseba, rogorc: Zaliankargi, kargi, damakmayofilebeli, cudian Zalian cudi.miuxedavad imisa, rom raodenobrivi indikatorebis SemuSaveba ufro advilia da gavrcelebulia,garkveulwilad mainc SezRudulia. yvelaze mniSvnelovani isaa, rom isiniar gviCveneben farTo socialur models da ufro metad avlenen Sedegebs, vidre imismizezebs, Tu ratom Camoyalibda genderuli urTierTobebi ama Tu im saxiT da rogorSeiZleba am urTierTobebis Secvla. amrigad, xarisxobrivi indikatorebis sistemasunda daematos genderuli analizi, romelic moicavs qalsa da kacs Soris arsebulisocialuri urTierTobebis kvlevas (zogjer mikro doneze), iseve rogorc, sazogadoebisstruqturuli maxasiaTeblebisac, romelic ganamtkicebs da inarCunebs genderuliuTanasworobis mdgomareobas.genderuli analizi gviCvenebs, Tu romeli xarisxobrivi indikatoria aucilebelicvlilebebis xarisxis dasafiqsireblad, kacebisa da qalebis jgufebis mixedviT. imisgaTvaliswinebiT, rom xarisxobrivi indikatorebi xSirad monacemebis Segrovebis dagavrcelebis monawileobiTi meTodis gamoyenebiT dgindeba, isini SesaZloa ukeTesadasaxavdnen qalebisa da kacebis mdgomareobas da momxdar cvlilebebs, vidre raodenobrivikvleva, romelic xSirad ar gamoxatavs qalis mosazrebebs.gansxvaveba raodenobriv da xarisxobriv indikatorebs Sorisraodenobrivi indikatorebiqalebisa da kacebis umuSevrobis doneSromis bazarze, drois garkveul momentSi(gamoxatuli procentebSi)xarisxobrivi indikatorebidasaqmebisa da umuSevrobis donis gavlenagenderul urTierTobebzeojaxebSi, Sromis genderuli danawilebada qalis statusi, kacTa da qalTajgufebis mixedviT.monacemebis miReba SesaZlebelia samuSaoZalis kvlevidanmonacemebis miReba SesaZlebelia sazogadoebriviazris gamokiTxvis Sedegadyvelaze mniSvnelovani genderuli indikatorebi 10 ZiriTad jgufad iyofa. klasifikaciises sistema SemoRebul iqna gaeros rekomendaciiT da prioritetuli sferoebiganisazRvra 1995 wlis pekinis samoqmedo platformiT (ix. danarTi a).mniSvnelovanwilad, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom arsebobs sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebulimonacemebi da genderuli indikatorebi 5 . aRniSnulis miuxedavad, arsebobs problemebimaTi mimoxilvis, detalizebis, monacemebis Segrovebis sferoebis da genderulistatistikis biujetis Sedgenis sferoebSi. statistikuri monacemebis momxmareblebisTvis,vinc ar warmoadgenen statistikis specialistebs, sakmaod rTuliazogadi perspeqtivis miReba dacalkevebuli, izolirebuli cxrilebidan, romelic5.ZiriTadad pekinis deklaraciisa da samoqmedo platformis Sedegad (1995)12

sxvadasxva statistikur sferos asaxavs. is faqti, rom genderuli indikatorebi statistikisTiTqmis yvela sferos exeba, garkveulad cnobads xdis maT. amrigad, aucilebeliaspecialuri masalebis an gamocemebis momzadeba, romlebic naTlad warmoaCensgenderul perspeqtivas, an statistikuri monacemebis analizi unda moicavdes genderuliaspeqtebis kargad Camoyalibebul analizs.Tavi II. zogadi statistika – ZiriTadi cnebebimeore TavSi gavecnobiT zogad statistikas, romelic safuZvlad udevs gadawyvetilebismiRebis process Tanamedrove ekonomikaSi. statistika avsebs kargi menejerisiseT SesaZleblobebs, rogoricaa gamocdileba da intuicia. Cveni mizania warmogidginoT,Tu rogor SeiZleba statistikis, kerZod, genderuli statistikis, gamoyenebagadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi, SesaZlo variantebs Soris arCevanis gakeTebisas.statistikas Semdegi maxasiaTeblebi gaaCnia:a) igi iZleva instrumentebs monacemebis optimaluri aRwerisa da warmodgenisaTvis- cxrilebis an diagramebis saxiT;b) iyenebs statistikur meTodebs, romelic saSualebas iZleva, rom gakeTdes sandoprognozi konkretul cvladebTan mimarTebaSi;g) swori gadawyvetilebebis miRebisaTvis aucilebelia ZviradRirebuli kvlevebisCatareba mosaxleobis farTo fenebSi, roca SerCeuli gamokvlevidan miRebuli informaciasakmarisia.2.1 sityva “statistikis” mniSvnelobatermins “statistika” ramdenime mniSvneloba gaaCnia, romlebic gansxvavdeba imis mixedviT,Tu vin iyenebs mas da ra mizniT. amrigad, sityva “statistika” SesaZloa aRniSnavdesSemdegs:1. statistikuri monacemebi, romelic mocemulia saerTaSoriso da erovnuli statistikurisamsaxurebis gamocemebSi (umuSevrobis done, ganaTlebis done sqesobriviniSnis mixedviT da. a.S.);2. meTodebi da procesebi monacemebis Segrovebis, damuSavebisa da analizisaTvis;3. sagani, romelic iswavleba umaRlesi profesiuli ganaTlebis doneze.2.2 statistikis gansazRvrebastatistika aris mecniereba, romelic exeba droSi da sivrceSi cvalebadi socialurekonomikurimovlenebis xarisxobriv kvlevas/analizs.a) ras warmoadgens movlenebis raodenobrivi aspeqti?vTqvaT, vapirebT qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis mniSvnelovani socialuri movlenisganaTlebis Seswavlas. am mizniT Segrovdeba ufro meti indikatori, romelicaRwers aRniSnul movlenas, maT Soris moswavleTa/studentTa raodenoba saswavlodawesebulebis tipis mixedviT. dawyebiTi da saSualo ganaTlebis, saSualo profesiuliganaTlebis, saxelobo ganaTlebis (kolejebis) da umaRlesi ganaTlebis donezearsebuli moswavleebis konkretuli raodenobis SedarebiTi analizi, Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT,iqneba studentTa ganawilebis raodenobrivi aspeqtis analizi saswavlodawesebulebis tipebis mixedviT.13

) ras niSnavs droSi da sivrceSi cvalebadi masobrivi socialur-ekonomikuri movlenebi?statistikur kvlevas gaaCnia garkveuli Tavisebureba, kerZod, misi Seswavlis saganiamovlenebi da procesebi, romlebic mravali kerZo SemTxvevebisagan Sedgeba (masobrivmovlenas warmoadgens); isini gansxvavebulia elementebis da konkretuli SemTxvevebismixedviT da vlindeba, rogorc kerZo SemTxvevebi droSi, sivrceSi da organizaciuliformebis mixedviT. amrigad, monacemebis damuSavebis Semdgom, miiReba ganzogadebuliSedegebi, romelic kerZo SemTxvevebze dakvirvebas efuZneba.garda amisa, statistikuri kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli ganzogadebebi WeSmaritiamxolod saSualo maCveneblebis TvalsazrisiT. igi asaxavs yvela Seswavlili obieqtismxolod tipiur (gavrcelebul) maxasiaTeblebs da aRwers calkeuli elementebis maxasiaTeblebs,radgan stabiluroba ufro metia jgufSi, vidre calkeul pirTan mimar-TebaSi.ufro detalurad, ganvixiloT konkretuli magaliTi:statistikuri kvleva, romelic miznad isaxavs qalisa da kacis saxelfaso anazRaurebasSoris gansxvavebebis/msgavsebebis dadgenas saqarTveloSi.kvleva ganxorcieldeba sqesobrivi niSnis mixedviT diferencirebuli informaciis safuZvelze,romelic exeba adgilobrivi damsaqmeblebis mier gadaxdil xelfassdaqiravebuli samuSaosaTvis erTi Tvis, kvartalis a.S. manZilze (kvlevis miznebidangamomdinare).2009 wels saSualo xelfasis odenobas Soris sxvaobam kacebsa da qalebs SorismTlianad saqarTveloSi Seadgena 292,50 lari. ekonomikuri saqmianobis saxeebis mixedviT,yvela sferoSi kacebis xelfasi maRalia, vidre qalebis (ix. cxrili N20).2.3. statistikis ZiriTadi cnebebistatistikis gamoyeneba gulisxmobs specifikuri enis codnas. gamoyenebuli terminologiiscodna pirveli pirobaa aRniSnuli sferos gasagebad. qvemoT mogvyavs statistikurianalizis procesis cnebebis ganmartebebi. Cven yuradRebas gavamaxvilebTcnebebis funqcionalur aspeqtze, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mokle monaxazi ver moicavskvlevis sagnis yvela aspeqts.statistikuri analizis pirveli cnebaa maxasiaTebeli.maxasiaTebeli aris raime gazomvadi, romlis gadamowmeba an Secvla SesaZlebeliakvlevis Sedegad. igi warmoadgens jgufis Semadgeneli erTeulebis saerTo Tvisebas.statistikuri maxasiaTeblebis magaliTebia:dasaqmebulebTan mimarTebaSi - SromiTi staJi, specializacia, xelfasi, saqmianobissfero, kvalifikaciis done, produqtiuloba, a.S.adamianebTan mimarTebaSi - asaki, erovneba, simaRle, wona, sacxovrebeli adgili, sqesi,religia, a.S.sawarmoebTan mimarTebaSi - Semosavali, dasaqmebulTa raodenoba, masalebisa da mzaproduqciis maragebi, a.S.statistikur maxasiaTeblebs, aseve uwodeben statistikur cvladebs, radgan SesaZlebeliamaTi cvlileba drosa da sivrceSi, dakvirvebis sxvadasxva erTeulebis mixedviT.14

maCveneblebs, romlebic erTi maxasiaTeblis mixedviT fiqsirdeba sxvadasxva pirTan mimarTebaSi,variantebs uwodeben.statistikis Semdegi cnebaa statistikuri erToblioba.statistikuri erToblioba warmoadgens sagnebis, pirTa, mosazrebebis, ideebis, movlenebis,a.S. jgufs, romelic kvlevas eqvemdebareba.rac ufro metia mosaxleoba, miT ufro Znelia yvela misi elementis kvleva. aseTikvleva did drosa da danaxarjebs moiTxovs. gamosavali mdgomareobs qvejgufebis gamoyofaSi,zogadi erTobliobis ricxvidan (romelsac aseve uwodeben SerCeviT erTobliobasan SerCeul mosaxleobas). amrigad, mTliani mosaxleobis parametrebi gamoiTvlebaSerCeuli mosaxleobis kvlevis Sedegebis da SerCeuli mosaxleobisaTvisgamoTvlili indikatorebis safuZvelze. Sefasebis sizuste damokidebulia imaze, Turogor SeirCa erToblioba da kvlevis warmateba damokidebulia aRniSnuli procesissizusteze.SerCeviTi erTobliobis reprezentatuloba statistikur kvlevaze damyarebuli nebismierikvleviTi procesis gadamwyveti aspeqtia.statistika aanalizebs statikur erTobliobebs, romelic gamoxatavs raodenobas, donesdrois konkretul momentSi da dinamikur erTobliobebs, romelic axasiaTebsprocess, drois intervalSi momxdar cvlilebebs.statistikuri erTeulebi esaa statistikuri erTobliobis Semadgeneli elementebi.arsebobs ori saxis erTeuli: martivi da rTuli.martivi erTeulebis magaliTebia: adamiani, produqti, a.S.;rTuli erTeulebis magaliTebia: ojaxi, sawarmo, a.S.statistikuri monacemebi warmoadgens ricxobriv maCvenebels, romelic miRebuliadaTvlis, gazomvis an statistikuri gamoTvlebis Sedegad. isini SeiZleba iyos daumuSavebeli,damuSavebuli, gamoqveynebuli an Senaxuli monacemTa bazebSi/bankebSi.cvladebi, romelic gamoiyeneba socialur-ekonomikuri analizis dros, iZenen gansakuTrebulmniSvnelobas maSin, roca xdeba maTi gaanalizeba raodenobrivi TvalsazrisiT.magaliTad, araa sakmarisi imis dadgena, rom qveyanaSi mosaxleobis keTildReobisdabali maCvenebelia, aucilebelia argumentebiT gamyarebuli cifrobrivi monacemebiswarmodgena. Sedegad, gveqneba SesaZlebloba, rom ganxorcieldes keTildReobisdonis sruli analizi; Cven aseve SegveZleba keTildReobis realuri donis SedarebaprognozirebulTan, romelic wina periodis an sxva teritoriuli erTeulebis Sefasebaseyrdnoba. socalur-ekonomikuri cvladebis raodenobrivi Sefaseba saSualebasiZleva Sefasdes ekonomikaSi arsebuli urTierTdamokidebulebebic da gamoyenebuliqnas aRniSnuli cvladebi prognozirebisa da optimizaciis modelebSi.indikatorebis magaliTebi:2009 wels saqarTveloSi qalis saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi iyo398,3 lari;2009 wels saqarTveloSi kacis saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi iyo690,8 lari;2009 wels saqarTveloSi msjavrdadebuli qalebis raodenobam 1426 Seadgina;2009 wels saqarTveloSi msjavrdadebuli kacebis raodenobam 18514 Seadgina.15

2.4 statistikur kvlevebSi xSirad gamoyenebadi Sefasebis SkalebiaSkaraa, rom nebismieri Sefasebisas SesaZloa daSvebul iqnas Secdoma. Tumca statistikismizania maqsimalurad maTi Tavidan arideba, an Secdomebis minimumamde dayvana.mniSvnelovania imis codna, rom statistikuri cvladebisgan miRebuli informaciisraodenoba didadaa damokidebuli maTi Sefasebis (gazomvis) Skalaze. ToToeuli Skalaindividualuria damuSavebisa da analizis dros.statistikuri analizis dros daSvebuli erT-erTi yvelaze didi Secdomaa analizismaxasiaTeblebis Sefasebis Skalis ignorireba.statistikaSi gamoiyeneba Sefasebis oTxi done:nominaluri ordinaruli intervaluri proporciulia) nominaluri Skala aRniSnavs sityviT gamoxatul xarisxobriv maxasiaTeblebs.nominaluri maxasiaTeblebis magaliTebia - profesia, ojaxuri mdgomareoba, erovnuliekonomikis farglebSi saqmianobis sfero, sqesi da a.S.nominaluri maxasiaTeblebis TiToeul variants SesaZloa mieniWos ricxviTi maCvenebeli,kodebis saxiT. yuradReba! aRniSnul ricxvebs mxolod erTi mizani aqvs: gamoavlinosmsgavsi erTeulebi SerCeuli erTobliobidan, rac miznad isaxavs gamokveTilijgufis/kriteriumis gansazRvras.magaliTad:ekonomikuri saqmianobis kodificireba;ojaxuri mdgomareobis kodificireba;administraciul-teritoriuli erTeulebis kodificireba da a.S.TiToeuli variantisaTvis kodis miniWebiT xdeba saxeobis da ara xarisxis/klasis gamocalkeveba;SeuZlebelia maTematikuri operaciebis ganxorcieleba ricxviT maCveneblebze,romelic dakavSirebulia variantebTan.b) ordinaluri Skala aseve gamoiyeneba raodenobrivad Seufasebeli maxasiaTeblebisaTvis,Tumca igi iZleva variantebis klasifikaciis ranJirebis (ranking) saSualebas. maxasiaTeblebisganawileba xdeba mzardi an klebadi TanmimdevrobiT da TiToeul maTganseniWeba nomeri (rangi), romelic asaxavs mis pozicias klasifikaciis SkalaSi.ordinaluri maxasiaTeblebis magaliTebia:gamocdilebis donis mixedviT miniWebuli kategoriebi (maRali, I, II, III);SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTaTvis unarSezRudulobis kategoriis mini-Weba (I, II, III);16

mosaxleobis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis savaraudo Sefaseba (Zalian kargi, kargi,damakmayofilebeli, cudi, Zalian cudi), a.S.ordinaluri Skala ar iZleva Sedarebis saSualebas – Tu ramdenjer maRali an dabaliaerTi maxasiaTeblis maCvenebeli sxvebTan SedarebiT. magaliTad, Cven viciT, rom4 varskvlaviani sastumro ukeTesia, vidre 2 varskvlaviani, Tumca ver davaskvniT, rompirveli orjer ukeTesia meoreze, maT mier gaweuli momsaxureobis xarisxis mixedviT.g) intervaluri Skala iZleva gaanalizebuli maxasiaTeblebis maCveneblebis ganawilebisada maT Soris gansxvavebebis Cvenebis saSualebas. garda amisa, nominalur daordinalur SkalebTan SedarebiT, intervalebi kategoriebs Soris SkalaSi Tanabariunda iyos.intervaluri SkaliT Sefasebuli maxasiaTeblebis magaliTebia: kalendaruli dro, temperatura,adamianebis asaki, a.S.intervalur Skalas ar gaaCnia absoluturi nulis wertili. amrigad, SeuZlebeliaSedarebiTi Sefasebebis gakeTeba, rogoricaa ”orjer meti”, an “oTxjer meti”, a.S., imisaTvis,rom SevadaroT intervaluri Skalis calkeuli maCveneblebi.ufro dawvrilebiT ganmartebisaTvis, moviyvanT intervaluri SkaliT maxasiaTeblebisSefasebis or praqtikul magaliTs:SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom 35 wlis adamiani ufro xandazmulia, vidre 17 wlisasakisa da rom gansxvaveba asakebs Soris 18 welia; Tumca ar iqneba sworiimis mtkiceba, rom 15-19 wlis asakobriv jgufSi myof adamianebs Soris asakobrivisxvaoba 2,5 jer mcirea, vidre 19-29 asakobrivi kategoriidan.SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom kalendarul TveSi me-20 da 30-e dReebs Soris man-Zili 10 dRea, Tumca ar iqneba swori imis mtkiceba, rom Tvis 30-e dRe orjerdidia vidre me-15 dRe – orive identuri dRea, aSkara cvlilebebis gareSe,romelic drois gansxvavebul momentebSia ganTavsebuli.d) proporciuli Skala, iseve rogorc intervaluri Skala gamoiyeneba ricxobrivi SefasebebisaTvis.proporciuli Skalis mixedviT Sefasebuli maxasiaTeblebis magaliTebia: Semosavali,mogeba, gayidvidan miRebuli Semosavali, eqporti, importi, a.S.maxasiaTeblebis am tipisaTvis daSvebulia yvela saxis maTematikuri gamoTvlebisCatareba.nulovani aTvlis wertili SkalisaTvis bunebrivad iqmneba, Sesabamisad, misaRebiaSefasebebi _ “orjer meti, vidre”...statistikuri damuSavebis meTodebis umravlesoba ar ganasxvavebs intervaluri daproporciuli SkalebiT Sefasebul maxasiaTeblebs.2.5 statistikuri monacemebis sistematizeba da gamocemamas Semdeg, rac statistikuri monacemebi Segrovdeba administraciuli wyarodansruli an SerCeviT dakvirvebis safuZvelze, saWiroa maTi dajgufeba ise, rom gaadvildesmaTi statistikuri damuSaveba da analizi. amitomac mivmarTavT pirvel rigSimonacemebis sistematizebis procedurebs, Semdeg maTi warmodgenis saxeebs.17

a. statistikuri monacemebis sistematizebamonacemebis sistematizeba xorcieldeba statistikuri monacemebis dajgufebis/klasifikaciis gziT, kerZod, misi ganawilebiT erTgvarovan jgufebad/klasebad, erTian meti dasajgufebeli/saklasifikacio kriteriumis mixedviT.jgufi/klasi erTgvarovania Tu masSi Semaval erTeulebs gaaCniaT maxasiaTeblebisTiTqmis igive maCveneblebi, Zalian mcire gansxvavebebiT.im SemTxvevaSi, roca statistikuri monacemebis sistematizeba xdeba araricxobrivicvladis mixedviT, process ewodeba klasifikacia. Tu monacemebis sistematizeba xorcieldebaricxobrivi maxasiaTeblis mixedviT, process ewodeba dajgufeba.statistikuri monacemebis dajgufebis/klasifikaciis Semdeg, sawyisi informaciisnawili ikargeba, Tumca dajgufeba/klasifikacia xels uwyobs jgufis ZiriTadi Tvisebisgamovlenas da agreTve xels uwyobs gamoyenebul maxasiaTeblebs Soris kavSirebisSeswavlas.monacemebis sistematizeba unda ganxorcieldes Semdegi wesebis dacviT:informaciis sisrule gulisxmobs, rom yvela statistikuri erTeuli undaiyos CarTuli axlad Camoyalibebul klasebSi, intervalebSi;erTgvarovneba warmoadgens pirobas msgavsi maCveneblebis mqone elementebiserT klasad gaerTianebisaTvis.klasifikaciis unikaluroba moiTxovs, rom TiToeuli elementi ekuTvnodesmxolod erT klass.aRniSnuli wesebis ukeT aRqmisaTvis, warmogidgenT monacemebis dajgufebis praqtikulmagaliTs:monacemebis dajgufebis magaliTi:gvaqvs informacia 20 adamianis asakis Sesaxeb, vinc gaiara mkurnaloba mimdinare TvisganmavlobaSi: 15, 20, 25, 35, 58, 45, 47, 65, 85, 45, 78, 45, 45, 35, 36, 38, 26, 23, 27,28.gvinda davajgufoT monacemebi asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT, imisaTvis, rom gavarkvioTasakobrivi kategoria, romelic yvelaze metad midrekili iyo avadobisaken mimdinareTvis ganmavlobaSi.jer vadgenT asakobrivi jgufebis sazRvrebs: an SemTxveviTi SerCeviT, an specialuristatistikuri procedurebis saSualebiT (monacemebis dajgufeba Tanabari sididis intervalebiT,araTanabari intervalebiT, da a.S). miuxedavad dajgufebis meTodisa, aucilebeliasifrTxiliT movekidoT Semdeg aspeqtebs:dajgufebis pirveli intervalis qveda zRvari ar unda aRematebodes immwkrivis minimalur maCvenebels, romelic unda dajgufdes (Cvens SemTxvevaSi,es maCvenebelia 15, amdenad, imisaTvis, rom ar davkargoT igi, SegviZlia gamoviyenoTgamonaTqvami “19 wlamde”);Camoyalibebuli jgufebi dalagdeba aRmavali principis mixedviT. ar undaiyos wyveta intervalebs Soris, maSinac ki Tu ar arsebobs maCvenebeli Sesabamisiasakobrivi jgufis farglebSi (19 wlamde, 20-39, 40-59, 60 dazemoT);bolo intervalis zeda zRvari naklebi unda iyos monacemTa mwkrivis maqsimalurimaCveneblisa (yvelaze didi asaki, romelic dafiqsirda, iyo 85 weli,18

ac Seesabameba jgufs ”60 wlis da zemoT”).mas Semdeg, rac ganisazRvreba asakobrivi jgufebis sazRvrebi, mowmdeba respondentisasakis Sesabamisoba dajgufebis intervalTan. roca Sesabamisoba dadgenilia, monacemiTavsdeba aRniSnul intervalze.Tu zemoxsenebuli moTxovnebi dakmayofilda, adamianTa raodenoba ‘‘sul” kategoriaSiunda emTxveodes sawyisi dakvirvebebis raodenobas (am SemTxvevaSi 20 adamians).TiTeul jgufSi unda Sediodis mxolod im asakis adamianebi, romelTa asakic Seesabamebawinaswar gansazRvrul sazRvrebs; TiToeuli adamiani garkveuli asakis aris –igi unda ekuTvnodes mxolod erT intervals.Semdegi cxrili gviCvenebs monacemebis dajgufebis saboloo Sedegs:cxrili 1.samedicino CarevaTa raodenoba asakobivi jgufis mixedviT mimdinare TveSi*adamianebis raodenobaSemTxvevebis raodenoba sul 20asakobrivi jgufis, wlebis mixedviT19 wlamde 120-39 1040-59 660+ 3* pirobiTi cxrili.cxrilis mixedviT, mimdinare Tvis ganmavlobaSi avadobis gansakuTrebuli riskis qveSaRmoCndnen 20-39 asakobrivi jgufis wevrebi, Semdeg – 40-59 asakobrivi jgufi.arsebobs statistikuri dajgufebis sxvadasxva saxeebi, romelic erTmaneTisagan ufrometi kriteriumebis arsebobiT gansxvavdeba. Cven SevexebiT statistikuri dajgufebismxolod or yvelaze mniSvnelovan saxes:dajgufebaa) gamoyenebuli maxasiaTeblebis raodenobis mixedviT dab) dajgufebis maxasiaTeblebis Sinaarsis mixedviT.gamoyenebuli dajgufebis maxasiaTeblebis raodenobis mixedviT, arsebobs martivi dakombinirebuli dajgufebebi:martivi dajgufeba erTi maxasiaTeblis mixedviT xdeba. monacemebis martividajgufebis magaliTebia: dasaqmebul pirTa klasifikacia ganaTlebis donismixedviT, skolamdeli saswavlo dawesebulebebis dajgufeba teritoriuliniSnis mixedviT, saxelmwifo biujetidan socialur uzrunvelyofazegaweuli xarjebis dajgufeba da a.S.;kombinirebuli dajgufeba gulisxmobs dajgufebis ori an meti maxasiaTebliserTdroul gamoyenebas.kombinirebuli dajgufebis magaliTebia: saSualo Tviuri xelfasis klasifikacia Tanamdebobis/profesiisada saqmianobis saxeebiT dasaqmebulTa genderuli niSnis mixedviT;20-29 wlis mosaxleobis klasifikacia ekonomikur saqmianobaSi aqtivobis mixedviT;dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleTa raodenoba genderuli niSnisa da akademiuri moswrebismixedviT 2009 wlisTvis; saSualo profesiuli saswavleblis moswavleTa dajgufeba(ganawileba) asakisa da genderuli niSnis mixedviT, a.S.19

cxrili 2zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi da maTSi moswavleTa ricxovnoba2010/2011*zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi, erTeuli 2 430maT Soris:sajaro skolebi 2 130kerZo skolebi 300moswavleTa ricxovnoba, aTasi 595.4maT Soris:sajaro skolebSi 542.4kerZo skolebSi 53.0* 2011 wlis 5 aprilis mdgomareobiTwyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011dajgufebis maxasiaTeblis Sinaarsis mixedviT, arsebobs qronologiuri, teritoriulierTeulebis da atributuli dajgufeba.qronologiuri dajgufeba gulisxmobs gansaxilveli movlenis cvalebadobas droisintervalSi. analizis miznebidan gamomdinare, drois intervalis xangrZlivoba, romelicgamoiyeneba dajgufebisaTvis, SeiZleba gansxvavebuli iyos: dRe, Tve, kvartali,weli da a.S.cxrili 315 wlisa da ufrosi asakis mosaxleobis ganawileba ekonomikuri aqtivobis mixedviT,2009 weliaTasidasaqmebuli mosaxleoba 778.5 877.6umuSevari mosaxleoba 141.9 193.7ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba (dasaqmebuli da umuSevri) 920.5 1 071.3ekonomikurad araaqtiuri mosaxleoba 774.4 364.9wyaro: saqstati.monacemebis qronologiuri dajgufebis magaliTebia: pedagogiuri personalis ganawilebazogadsaganamanaTleblo da umaRles saganamanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi2008/2009 – 2009/2010 wlebSi; ekonomikuri saqmianobis mixedviT dasaqmebuli mosaxleobisklasifikacia 2008-2009 wlebisaTvis, a.S.;teritoriuli erTeulebis dajgufeba asaxavs erTobliobaSi Semaval erTeulTa cvalebadobassivrceSi. rogorc wesi, es dajgufeba emTxveva teritoriul-administraciulerTeulebs.teritoriuli erTeulebis dajgufebis magaliTebi: saxelfaso ganakveTebis dajgufebateritoriuli adgilmdebareobis mixedviT; saswavlo dawesebulebebis dajgufeba teritoriuliadgilmdebareobis mixedviT; dasaqmebuli mosaxleobis dajgufeba teritoriuliadgilmdebareobis mixedviT, a.S.qalikaci20

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis sqesobrivi ganawilebaadministraciul-teritoriul WrilSi(mosaxleobis 2002 wlis aRweriT*)cxrili 4sul kaci qalisaqarTvelo 4 371 535 2 061 753 2 309 782q. Tbilisi 1 081 679 488 507 593 172afxazeTis ar (kodoris xeoba) 1 956 998 958aWaris avtonomiuri respublika 376 016 181 139 194 877guria 143 357 67 234 76 123imereTi 699 666 331 908 367 758kaxeTi 407 182 195 041 212 141mcxeTa-mTianeTi 125 443 60 395 65 048raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi 50 969 24 029 26 940samegrelo-zemo svaneTi 466 100 219 818 246 282samcxe-javaxeTi 207 598 100 400 107 198qvemo qarTli 497 530 241 285 256 245Sida qarTli 314 039 150 999 163 040* mosaxleobis 2002 wlis aRweris monacemebi mocemulia saqarTvelos xelisuflebis iurisdiqciisqveS myofi teritoriis mixedviT.wyaro: saqstati.kaci21

arsebobs atributuli maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT dajgufebis ori varianti:1. maxasiaTeblebi, romelic gamoxatulia sityvebiT da2. maxasiaTeblebi, romelic gamoxatulia ricxvebiT.sityvebiT gamoxatuli atributuli maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT dajgufebis magaliTebia:warmoebis dajgufeba ekonomikuri saqmianobis saxeebis mixedviT, dasaqmebulTa dajgufebaprofesiebis mixedviT, doqtorantebis ricxovnoba programebis mixedviT a.S;sityvebiT gamoxatuli atributuli maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT dajgufebis praqtikulimagaliTi:doqtorantebis ricxovnoba programebis mixedviT2008 2009cxrili 5erTeuliqali kaci qali kacisul 971 617 1787 1199maT Soris programebis mixedviT:ganaTleba 69 19 107 34humanitaruli mecnierebani daxelovneba 275 65 493 135socialuri mecnierebani, biznesi dasamarTali 385 324 574 472mecniereba 101 94 188 155sainJinro, damamuSavebeli da samSeneblodargebi 47 60 143 230soflis meurneoba 39 30 110 82jandacva da socialuri uzrunvelyofa51 23 140 55momsaxureba 4 2 32 36wyaro: saqstati.22

icxvebiT gamoxatuli atributuli maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT dajgufebis magaliTebia:kompaniebis dajgufeba saxsrebis brunvis mixedviT, ojaxebis dajgufeba bavSvebisraodenobis mixedviT, a.S.cifrebSi gamoxatuli atributuli gansazRvrebiTi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT dajgufebispraqtikuli magaliTi:cxrili 6.biznes seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa raodenoba da Sromis saSualo TviurianazRaureba sawarmos zomebis mixedviT, 2009 welidasaqmebul pirTa raodenoba,aTasi23Sromis saSualo TviurianazRaureba, lariqali kaci qali kacisaqarTvelo-sul 151.5 235.9 391.7 634.2msxvili sawarmo 81.0 142.2 517.7 776.3saSualo sawarmo 35.0 43.2 270.9 432.0mcire sawarmo 35.5 50.5 196.4 334.3wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011b. statistikuri monacemebis warmodgenis meTodebimonacemebis klasifikacia miznad isaxavs monacemebis warmodgenas kompaqturad daukeT aRqmadi formiT. dajgufebis Sedegebis warmodgenis forma mkvlevarebzea damokidebuli.yvelaze xSirad mimarTaven cxrilebsa da diagramebs.statistikuri cxrili SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos svetebis erTobliobiT, romel-Sic mocemulia ricxobrivi da teqstobrivi monacemebi, rac iZleva drois da sivrciskonkretul intervalSi Seswavlili movlenis daxasiaTebis saSualebas.- rogor unda SevadginoT sworad statistikuri cxrili?qvemoT mocemulia cxrilis aucilebeli Sinaarsobrivi da formaluri elementebicxrili 7-is magaliTze:1. cxrilis saTauri, romelic azustebs ZiriTad maxasiaTebels an maxasiTeblebs,warmodgenili monacemebis Sesabamisad. garda zogadi saTaurisa,cxrilis SigniT iyeneben qvesaTaurebs, romelic exeba qvemdebarisa da SemasmenlisSemadgenel komponentebs.2. qvemdebare warmodgenilia garkveuli statistikuri erTobliobiT da mocemuliastriqonebis saTaurebSi. ganxilul magaliTSi qvemdebare warmodgeniliadawyebiTi, sabazo, saSualo zogadi ganaTlebis doneebis mixedviT.3. Semasmeneli iqmneba maxasiaTeblebis sistemiT, romlisTvisac moxda monacemebisTavmoyra da romelic mocemulia svetebis saTaurebSi. cxrili 7-Si Semasmeneliwarmodgenilia moswavleTa ricxovnobiT ganaTlebis doneebis mixedviT.4. zomis erTeuli calke iwereba TiToeuli maxasiaTeblisTvis SesabamissvetSi. Tu sazomi erTeuli saerToa mTeli cxrilisTvis, igi iwerebacxrilis TavSi - marjvena kuTxeSi.5. monacemebis wyaro unda iyos miTiTebuli uSualod cxrilis qvemoT.6. ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebi gamoiyeneba maSin, roca aucilebelia meTodologiurimidgomebis an naklebad cnobili cnebebis ganmarteba.

moswavleTa ricxovnoba sajaro skolebSi*2010/2011cxrili 7erTeulimoswavleTa ricxovnoba, sul 542 367dawyebiTi zogadi 258 394sabazo zogadi 150 154saSualo zogadi 133 819* 2011 wlis 5 aprilis mdgomareobiTwyaro: saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministroradganac cxrilSi ar SeiZleba iyos carieli svetebi, roca raime monacemi ucnobia, maTmagivrad iwereba “...”, da Tu Sesabamisi cvladic ar arsebobs, svetSi miTiTebuli iqneba“_”.- ra saxis cxrilebi gamoiyeneba statistikuri analizisaTvis?SesaZlo jgufebis mravalferovnebis gamo, arsebobs statistikuri cxrilebis ramdenimetipi, TiToeul maTgans gaaCnia informaciis warmodgenisa da interpretirebis Tavisebureba:a) martiv cxrilSi mocemulia statistikuri indikatorebi, romelic qronologiurad,teritoriulad an organizaciuladaa dawyobili, monacemebis martiviklasifikaciis Sedegad.me-4 da me-6 cxrilebi aRniSnulis magaliTad gamodgeba.b) jgufuri cxrili asaxavs martivi dajgufebis Sedegebs, romelSic erTeulebisraodenoba Tavmoyrilia jgufebis (sixSireebis) mixedviT.jgufuri cxrilis praqtikuli magaliTi:jgufuri cxrilis gamoyeneba SeiZleba statistikuri korelaciis analizisaTvis, radganigi asaxavs kavSirebs dajgufebis maxasiaTeblis cvalebadobasa da damokidebul maxasiaTeblebsSoris. magaliTad, zemoT moyvanil cxrilSi (cxrili 2) naCvenebia kavSirizogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis raodenobas da maTSi moswavleTa raodenobasSoris. dawesebulebebis ricxvis zrdasTan erTad izrdeba aRniSnul dawesebulebebSimoswavleTa raodenoba.g) kombinirebuli cxrili asaxavs monacemebis dajgufebas sul mcire ori maxasiaTeblismixedviT. aseTi saxis cxrili saSualebas iZleva gaanalizdes calkeganxiluli maxasiaTeblebis cvalebadobis forma da Sefasdes agreTve maT Sorisarsebuli kavSirebi. masSi mocemulia sistematizebuli monacemebi, korelaciisgamoTvlis meTodis gamoyenebis mizniT.cxrili 8fsiqikuri da qceviTi aSlilobebis registrirebuli SemTxvevebi qalaqad da sofladerTeuli2008 2009qalaqad soflad qalaqad sofladqali kaci qali kaci qali kaci qali kacifsiqikuri darRvevebis registrirebuliSemTxvevebi, sul 17 312 26 147 12 152 19 837 17 246 27 056 12 946 19 209wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 201124

d) organzomilebiani cxrili warmoadgens kombinirebuli cxrilis variants, romelicerTobliobis erTdroul cvlilebas asaxavs ori ricxobrivi maxasiaTeblissaSualebiT.organzomilebiani cxrilis praqtikuli magaliTi:sicocxleSi pirvelad dadgenili diagnoziTsqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi daavadebebi asakobriv WrilSi 2009 wels25cxrili 9erTeulisul 0-14 15-19 20-39 40+qali kaci qali kaci qali kaci qali kaci qali kaciaxali 3 623 2 751 10 10 576 726 2 676 1 781 361 234maT SorisaTaSangi 168 335 0 3 13 83 108 201 47 48gonorea 104 566 0 0 21 175 78 361 5 30triqomoniazi 2 576 1 349 10 7 367 297 1 910 940 289 105qlamidiuriavadmyofobebi775 501 0 0 175 171 580 279 20 51wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011cxrilis Sinaarsi iqmneba sixSireebisagan, romelic SeiZleba amovikiTxoT cal-calkedajgufebis TiToeuli maxasiaTeblis an erTdroulad dajgufebis orive maxasiaTeblismixedviT (cxrilis Sida nawili).magaliTi: sixSireebis damoukideblad wakiTxva dajgufebis ToTeuli maxasiaTeblismixedviT: qorwinebebis raodenoba, romelSic coli 20-29 wlis iyo udris 19162,qorwinebebis sruli raodenoba, romelSic qmari 20-29 wlis iyo udris 17887-s.sixSireebis wakiTxva erTdroulad dajgufebis orive maxasiaTeblisTvis: 60 wlisa daufrosi asakis qalebisa da amave asakis kacebs Soris qorwinebebis raodenoba udris 2-s.daqorwinebulTa raodenoba asakis mixedviT, 2009 weliasaki qali kaci16-19 5 596 1 27120-29 19 162 17 88730-39 5 338 9 07840-49 1 238 2 62750-59 321 62460 + 95 263asaki ucnobia 2 2sul 31 752 31 752wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011cxrili 10erTeulies cxrili iZleva imis saSualebas, rom gamoikveTos ori calke gaanalizebuli maxasiaTebliscvlilebebi da maT Soris kavSiri, amitomac aris saWiro cvladebs SoriskavSirebis analizis Catareba.

aseTi saxis cxrilis erT-erTi saxea asociaciuri cxrili (ix. cxrili 11), romelicgamoiyeneba alternatiuli maxasiaTeblebis SemTxvevaSi. es cvladebi SeiZleba iyosmxolod ori formis (genderi: kaci-qali; sacxovrebeli adgili: qalaqi-sofeli, bavSvebiT/bavSvebisgareSe ojaxebi, a.S.)asociaciuri cxrilis praqtikuli magaliTi:cocxlad dabadebulebi sqesis mixedviT 2009 welicxrili 11erTeuligogobiWibiWi yovel 100gogozesul 30 992 32 385 104qalaqi 21 433 22 230 104sofeli 9 559 10 155 106wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 201126

a aris diagrama?diagrama aris statistikuri informaciis warmodgena grafikuli saSualebebiT. igigamoiyeneba maSin, roca sakmarisia statistikuri informaciis gadmocema naklebadzusti formiT. is aris informaciis gavrcelebis saukeTeso saSualeba. gansakuTrebiT,roca auditorias ar gaaCnia specialuri ganaTleba statistikis dargSi.rogoria diagramis Tvisebebi?sworad Sedgenil diagramas unda hqondes Semdegi elementebi:saTauridiagramis badekoordinatTa RerZebigamosaxvis masStabiganmartebebi (monacemebis wyaro, simboloebis legenda).diagramis saTauri xSirad emTxveva im cxrilis saTaurs, romelsac is asaxavs. is undaakmayofilebdes Semdeg pirobebs: naTlad da mokled asaxos warmodgenili movlena damisi lokalizacia drosa da sivrceSi.diagramis bade Sedgeba paraleluri RerZebis (vertikaluri da horizontaluri) sistemisagan,romlis mixedviTac ganlagdebian warmodgenili maCveneblebi, im SemTxvevaSi,rodesac gamoiyeneba marTkuTxa koordinatTa sistema. Tu gamoiyeneba polaruli koordinatebi,bade iqmneba koncentruli wreebisgan. rogorc wesi, statistikuri diagramebiiyeneben marTkuTxa koordinatebis sistemas. abscisaze ganTavsebulia damoukidebelimaxasiaTeblis variantebi an intervalebi, drois momentebi an intervalebi,ordinataze ki – damoukidebeli maxasiaTeblebis maCveneblebi an sixSireebi.gamosaxvis masStabi irCeva indikatorebis saWiro raodenobisa da maTi maCveneblebissididis mixedviT. Sesabamisad diagrama unda iyos naTeli da informatiuli. gamosaxvismasStabi SeiZleba iyos sworxazovani an mrudxazovani, diagramis tipis mixedviT.ariTmetikuli (erTgvarovani) masStabi gulisxmobs Tanabari intervalebis arsebobasdanayofebs Soris. garkveul situaciebSi aucilebelia gadmocemis gansxvavebuli modelebisgamoyeneba. erT diagramaSi SesaZlebelia ori gansxvavebuli masStabis gamoyeneba.diagramis legenda ganmartavs gamoyenebuli niSnebis mniSvnelobas simboloebis, ferebis,Strixebis meSveobiT. isini Cveulebriv moTavsebulia diagramis marjvena mxares anmis qvemoT.monacemebis wyaroebi ganmartavs diagramaSi gamoyenebuli monacemebis warmomavlobas.igi moTavsebulia diagramis qvemoT.ZiriTadad rogori tipis diagramebi gamoiyeneba statistikaSi?praqtikaSi gamoiyeneba ramdenime tipis diagrama, indikatorebs Soris damokidebulebebisasaxvisaTvis. yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba:diagrama 1. svetobrivi diagramebisvetebiT gamoxatuli diagramebi saSualebas iZleva avsaxoT indikatorebismniSvnelobebs Soris gansxvavebebi da maTi droSi cvalebadoba. indikatorebismniSvnelobebi gamosaxulia svetebis saxiT, romelTac gaaCniaT erTgvarovani fuZe daromelTa simaRle indikatoris absoluturi mniSvnelobis proporciulia. svetebiSeiZleba iyos a) martivi (Tanabari intervalebiT svetebs Soris, an SeerTebuli27

svetebiT), b) ormxrivad mimarTuli (dadebiTi, uaryofiTi), g) qvedanayofebiT – magaliTebimocemulia diagramaSi 1-Si; miniWebuli sidideebi SeiZleba gamoisaxos Ti-Toeuli svetis Tavze.diagrama 1. svetobrivi diagramaa) martivi diagrama, svetebs Soris Tanabari intervalebiT9000080000700006000050000400003000020000100000pedagogebis raodenoba sajaro skolebSipedagogebi, sul I-VI klasSi VII-XII klasSi2006/20072007/20082008/20092009/2010wyaro: saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrob) martivi diagrama, svetebis klasterebiT:pedagogebis raodenoba sajaro skolebSi100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%2006/2007 2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010VII-XII klasSiI-VI klasSipedagogebi, sulwyaro: saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro28

g) dagrovebis sveturi diagrama.mTliani Sida produqtis realuri zrda da deflatori(procenti)1613,4104-4,8 -0,6 -9,0 -5,0 -1,5 -1,9 0,0 -0,63,9 4,18,7 8,56,710,26,011,05,84,710,7-2-8I 09 II 09 III 09 IV 09 I 10* II 10* III 10* IV 10* I 11* II 11*-14mSp-is realuri zrdamSp-is deflatoriwyaro: saqstatiaseTi saxis diagrama gamoiyeneba ZiriTadad maSin, rodesac saWiroa mcire raodenobismniSvnelobebis asaxva, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca saqme gvaqvs qronologiur da teritoriulmwkrivebTan.29

xazovani diagrama zemoT moyvanili diagramebis msgavsia, gansxvaveba imaSi mdgomareobs,rom indikatorebis done warmodgenilia Tanabari siganis da mniSvnelobis proporciulisigrZis horizontaluri xazebiT. xazebs Soris ganlageba Tanabaria. aseTitipis diagramebi gamoiyeneba iseTi indikatorebisaTvis, romlis struqturac yvelazekargad komponentebis mixedviT gamoixateba.diagrama 2. xazovani diagramamosaxleobis ganawileba sqesisa da asakobrivi jgufebismixedviT 2010 wels, %diagrama 485+80‐8475‐7970‐7465‐6960‐6455‐5950‐5445‐4940‐4435‐3930‐3425‐2920‐2415‐1910‐145‐90‐4qalikaci10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011svetovani diagramebis msgavsad, arsebobs xazovani diagramebis Semdegi saxeebi: martivi,dajgufebuli, dagrovebiTi an ormxrivad ganlagebuli. ixileT martivi xazovani diagramismagaliTi.30

A) martivi xazovani diagramapatimarTa raodenoba sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSipatimarTa ricxovnoba2010236842009210752008186590 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011wriuli diagrama gamoiyeneba statistikuri erTobliobis struqturis warmosadgenad.grafikuli gamoxatulebisaTvis gamoiyeneba Semdegi geometriuli formebi: kvadrati,samkuTxedi, wre. yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba wre, misi simartivisa da adviladaRqmadobis gamo. wris TiToeuli nawilis moculoba pirdapirproporciulia warmodgenilimovlenis sididisa, Semdegi wesis mixedviT: wris 360 gradusi Seesabamebasruli struqturis 100 procents.diagrama 3. wriuli diagramapensiis mimRebTa ricxovnoba 2009 wels, %47.4ქალიკაცი52.6wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 201131

moculobiTi diagramebi iyeneben kvardats, wres, raTa warmoadginon gansxvavebebisxvadasxva Sedegebs Soris, romelic dafiqsirda konkretul socialur-ekonomikurmovlenasTan mimarTebaSi drois sxvadasxva periodSi Tu geografiul arealSi.kvadrati - imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyofil iyos indikatoris mniSvnelobebs Sorisgrafikuli Sesadarisoba kvadratebis zedapirTan, gamoiyeneba Semdegi Tanafardoba:I=S 2sadac,I – indikatoris mniSvnelobaaS – kvadratis gverdi.Sedegad, TiToeuli indikatori Seesabameba kvadrats, romlis zedapiric dakavSirebuliiqneba warmodgenili indikatoris mniSvnelobasTan.wre - imisTvis, rom uzrunvelyofil iqnas wris zedapirisa da warmodgenili indikatorisSesabamisoba, risTvisac gamoiyeneba Semdegi toloba: I πsadac:C _ wris radiusia.polaruli diagrama gamoiyeneba sezonuri cvalebadobis mqone movlenebis warmosadgenadda sxvadasxva tipis subieqtebisTvis miRebul indikatorebs Soris sxvaobebisgamosavlenad. aRniSnuli diagramis agebis principi Semdegia: wre iyofa ramdenime Tanabarisididis seqtorebad, romelTa raodenobac damokidebulia Sesabamisi drois intervalebisan socialur-ekonomikuri kategoriebis raodenobaze. TiToeuli seqtorisradiusis sigrZe warmodgenili indikatoris sididis mniSvnelobis proporciulia.diagrama 4. polaruli diagramafiltvis tuberkulozis axali SemTxvevebi 2009wels, erTeuli

2.6 korelaciis Teoriis elementebia) ra aris korelacia?ori an meti movlena aris korelirebuli/urTierTdamokidebuli, Tu erTi indikatorismniSvnelobis cvlileba iwvevs sxva indikatorebis mniSvnelobebis cvlilebas. amrigad,korelacia warmoadgens cvladebs Soris damokidebulebis, xarisxis gazomvis saSualebas.urTierTdamokidebuli mwkrivebis analizis dros aRsaniSnav sakiTxs warmoadgens statistikuradmniSvnelovani stabiluri kavSirebis dadgena. Tu vlindeba, rom orcvlads Soris arsebobs urTierTdamokidebuleba, Cndeba meore problema, gacilebiTufro rTuli: am kavSiris gazomvis erTeulis dadgena, korelaciis sinTezuri indikatorissaSualebiT. amasTan gasaTvaliswinebelia SecdomaSi Semyvani garemoebebi, rocaarsebobs msgavseba ori aSkarad urTierTdamokidebuli movlenis cvlilebebs Soris(zrdadi an klebadi), Tumca ar arsebobs logikuri kavSiri maT Soris.magaliTad, umuSevrobis donisa da siRatakis donis erTdrouli Semcireba warmoadgensmosaxleobis keTildReobis zrdas. amrigad, statistikuri monacemebis xarisxis analizissaSualebiT SesaZlebelia kvlevis procesSi wamoWrili problemebis gadaWra.b) ra gansxvavebaa damokidebul da damoukidebel cvladebs Soris?damoukidebeli cvladi es aris maxasiaTebeli, romelic SeirCeva mkvlevaris mier,xolo damokidebuli cvladi is maxasiaTebelia, romelic realuradaa dafiqsirebuli.sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, damoukidebeli cvladi wanacvlebis cvladia, xolo damokidebuli– wanacvlebuli cvladi.magaliTi, roca xorcieldeba kvleva, romelic adarebs qalebsa da kacebs saSualoTviuri xelfasis mixedviT, sqesi iqneba damoukidebeli faqtori, xolo saSualo Tviurixelfasi – damokidebuli.g) romeli statistikuri meTodebi gamoiyeneba korelaciis dasadgenad?or ricxobriv maxasiaTebels Soris arsebuli kavSiris dadgenis yvelaze martivi me-Todia grafikuli meTodi. korelaciur kvlevebSi iyeneben korelogramebs. am tipisdiagramis maxasiaTeblebi zemoT ganvixileT (ix. diagrama 3).grafikuli meTodis upiratesobebi: iZleva sakvlev movlenebs Soris urTierTdamokidebulebis arsebobisdadgenis saSualebas;urTierTdamokidebulebis xasiaTi (pirdapiri – iribi);urTierTdamokidebulebis tipi (wrfivi – arawrfivi).grafikuli meTodis susti mxareebi:ver gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, roca ikvleven kavSirs 2-ze met faqtors Soris;ver iZleva informacias movlenebs Soris kavSiris siZlieris Sesaxeb.imisTvis, rom gamoswordes grafikuli meTodis xarvezebi, statistikaSi gamoiyenebaanalitikuri procesebi korelaciis dasadgenad, kerZod,33

a) ricxobrivi cvladebis SemTxvevaSi:kovariaciis gamoTvla;martivi korelaciis koeficienti;korelaciuri Sefardeba, korelaciis empiriuli fardoba;mravlobiTi korelaciis koeficienti da a.S.b) alternatiuli (xarisxobrivi) cvladebis SemTxvevaSi:iulis asociaciis koeficienti;spirmanis rangobrivi korelaciis koeficienti;kendalis rangobrivi korelaciis koeficienti da a.S.Tavi III. sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebuli statistikuri monacemebi: Sidaseqtorulida seqtorTaSorisi korelaciebiam TavSi SevexebiT Tu rogor wavikiTxoT praqtikaSi sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebulistatistikuri monacemebi da gamoviyenoT isini genderuli gansxvavebebis mxrivsituaciis analizsa da dakvirvebisaTvis (interpretaciisaTvis). vnaxavT, rom socialurimovlenis gasagebad xorcieldeba detaluri analizi ara marto erTiseqtoris doneze monacemebis interpretirebisa da Sefardebis gziT, aramed, seqtor-TaSoris analizis meSveobiTac, romelic mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs am TvalsazrisiT.garda amisa, sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebul statistikur monacemTa seqtorTaSorisikorelaciis gziT, SesaZlebelia aucilebeli instrumentaris SemuSavebasxvadasxva sferoSi saxelmwifo politikis koordinirebis mizniT, rac uzrunvelyofsgenderuli Tanasworobis xelSewyobasa da uTanasworobis dabalansebisaTvis qmediTiRonisZiebebis gatarebas.winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi SevarCieT sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebuli statistikurimonacemebis oTxi didi kategoria, romelic warmodgenilia statistikurgamocemaSi “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” da romelic, bevri CvenTaganis azriT, genderulianalizisaTvis statistikuri monacemebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani kategoriebia.amasTanave, aRniSnul kategoriebSi arsebuli monacemebi gvaZlevs aucilebel samuSaomasalas imisaTvis, rom ganvmartoT Tu ra gziT SeiZleba korelaciuri analizis Catarebada misi gamoyeneba erTsa da imave an gansxvavebuli seqtorebis doneze. statistikurimonacemebis es oTxi msxvili kategoria, romelsac qvemoT gavaanalizebT,SemdegSi mdgomareobs:sazogadoebrivi cxovreba;SromiTi bazari da dasaqmeba;socialuri dacva – pensiebi;janmrTelobis dacva.34

3.1. sazogadoebrivi cxovrebagenderuli indikatorebi samarTlebrivi uflebebisa da politikuri xelisuflebiskategoriidan aseTia:parlamentSi da adgilobriv xelisuflebaSi/gadawyvetilebis mimReb organoebSiqalebis da Sesabamisad, kacebis mier dakavebuli adgilebis procentuli ganawileba;qalebisa da kacebis procentuli ganawileba gadawyvetilebis mimReb TanamdebobebzemTavrobaSi;qalebisa da kacebis procentuli ganawileba politikuri partiebis saarCevno siebSi;qalebis procentuli raodenoba saxelmwifo administraciaSi, umaRles doneze;saxelmwifo seqtorSi, administraciul da menejerul doneebze dasaqmebulTa Sorisqalebis procentuli raodenoba;qalebis da Sesabamisad, kacebis procentuli raodenoba, amomrCevelTa saarCevno siebSi;profesiul kavSirebsa da damsaqmebelTa asociaciebSi gadawyvetilebis mimReb TanamdebobebzesaSualo/maRal doneze, qalebis procentuli raodenoba;qalebis procentuli raodenoba mosamarTleebis, prokurorebisa da advokatTa mTlianraodenobaSi;qalebis procentuli raodenoba policiasa da samxedro ZalebSi, wodebis mixedviT;…aRniSnuli indikatorebi miRebul iqna gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis rekomendaciiTda prioritetuli sferoebi ganisazRvra pekinis samoqmedo platformiT 1995wels (ix. danarTi a).rogorc cnobilia, miuxedavad imisa, rom msoflio da calkeuli qveynebi mudmivadcdiloben adamianis uflebebis sferoSi Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofas, amis miRwevasrulad ver xerxdeba. erT-erTi sfero, sadac arsebobs mniSvnelovani ‘‘Cavardna” qalisada kacis mimarT Tanabari mopyrobis TvalsazrisiT, aris qalisa da kacis Tanasworimonawileoba sazogadoebriv da politikur cxovrebaSi.maRali donis politikuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebis, partiuli struqturebis Tusaxelmwifo marTvis institutebis sferoebi Tanabrad xelmisawvdomia qalebisa dakacebisaTvis. qalebi xSirad mravlad arian warmodgenili aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisxelmZRvanel pirebad, Tumca maT ar gaaCniaT realuri SesaZleblobebipolitikur elitaSi TviTdamkvidrebisaTvis.Tu gvainteresebs aRniSnuli aspeqtebi saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, unda mivmarToT statistikurgamocemebs, romelic asaxavs qalebis warmomadgenlobiTobis xarisxspolitikur da administraciul struqturebSi.modiT, daviwyoT centraluri xelisuflebiT. 2011 wlis statistikur gamocemaSi“qali da kaci saqarTveloSi”, Cven SegviZlia moviZioT monacemebi centralur xelisuflebaSiwarmomadgenlobiTobis Sesaxeb (cxrili 12). cxrilSi mocemulia saxelmwifoSicentraluri xelisuflebis ZiriTadi Tanamdebobebi da aRniSnul Tanamdebobebzedasaqmebuli qalebisa da kacebis raodenoba da maTi procentuli ganawileba. magali-Tad, qalebi parlamentSi 9 wevriT arian warmodgenili, rac parlamentis wevrTasruli raodenobis 6,4 procents Seadgens. siaSi xelisuflebis poziciebi iwyebaprezidentis TanamdebobiT, romelsac mosdevs sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTloxelisufleba.35

mkiTxveli pirvelive SexedvisTanave dainaxavs, rom dasaqmebuli qalebis raodenobaWarbobs dasaqmebuli kacebis raodenobas prezidentis administraciasa da parlamentisaparatis saStato ganrigiT dasaqmebulebs Soris, maSin rodesac sxva danarCen Tanamdebobebzeisini umciresobaSi arian. imisTvis, rom gavigoT da gamovavlinoT aRniSnuligansxvavebebi, saWiroa martivi moqmedeba, rac saSualebas mogvcems davinaxoT erTiSexedviT Znelad SesamCnevi sxva detalebic.moqmedeba 1. cxrilis Sebrunebacxrili 12centraluri xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi2010 wlis dekembris mdgomareobiTricxovnobaprocentiqali kaci qali kacisaqarTvelos prezidenti 0 1 0 100dasaqmebulia saqarTvelos prezidentisadministraciaSi79 57 58 42parlamentis Tavmjdomare 0 1 0 100deputatebis ricxovnoba 9 131 6 94saqarTvelos parlamentis aparatSidasaqmebulTa ricxovnobasaStato ganrigiT 397 206 66 34xelSekrulebiT momuSave 157 180 47 53premier-ministri 0 1 0 100wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011zemoT mocemuli cxrili 12 am TvalsazrisiT kargi magaliTia. statistikuri gamocemissawyis versiaze dayrdnobiT, misi struqtura Secvlilia ierarqiuli principismixedviT, Tanamdebobebi dajgufebulia wodebisa da uflebamosilebis mixedviT. pirobi-Tad, am sam Zalauflebis StoSi, pirveli adgili micemuli aqvs pirvel poziciebs, e.i.qveynis prezidents, sakonstitucio sasamarTlos an uzenaes sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares,premier-ministrs, rogorc aRmasrulebeli organos xelmZRvanels da parlamentisTavmjdomares, sakanonmdeblo organos xelmZRvanels da parlamentis wevrebs.me-2 rangi moicavs maRali rangis sajaro moxeleebs da warmodgenilia ministrebiT(saxelmwifo ministrebis CaTvliT), ministris moadgileebiT da mTavrobis kancelariiswevrebiT.mesame jgufi warmoadgens me-3 rangs, romelSic Sevida yvela sxva sajaro moxele,vinc pirveli ori rangis oficialur warmomdgenels eqvemdebareba.SeniSvna: aSkaraa, rom Tanamdebobebis dajgufebis meTodi ver iqneba mkacrad gansaz-Rvruli da arsebobs argumentebi, romelic adasturebs imas, rom zogierTi pozicia,garkveuli mizezebis gamo, SeiZleba iyos sxva jgufis wevri da ara im jgufisa, sadacgaerTianda. bolos, es damokidebulia konkretul midgomaze konkretul SemTxvevasTandakavSirebiT da erTaderTi moTxovna es aris TiToeuli jgufisTvis gonivruli argumentisarseboba.moqmedeba 2. qalTa warmomadgenlobiTobis gaangariSeba dajgufebul Tanamdebobebzemeore etapze, Cven SevecdebiT davinaxoT Tu rogoria qalebisa da kacebis warmomadgenlobiTobacentraluri mTavrobis ierarqiul doneebze. TiToeuli sami donis36

SigniT qalebisa da kacebis srul raodenobaze dayrdnobiT, Cven gamoviTvliT qalebisprocentul maCvenebels TiToeuli donisaTvis da ara Tanamdebobis mixedviT.Cven gvaqvs SesaZlebloba gavarkvioT, rac sawyis etapze ufro rTulia, rom qalebiswarmomadgenlobiToba ukuproporciulia ierarqiul donesTan. sxva sityvebiT romvTqvaT, ierarqiuli poziciebis zrdasTan erTad, mcirdeba qalebis raodenoba sakvanZoTanamdebobebze. SegviZlia vnaxoT, rom Cveni qveynis centraluri xelisuflebis warmomadgenlobiTforumSi, me-3 rangis sajaro moxeleTa Soris qalebi Seadgenen 58,8 procents,me-2 rangis moxeleTa Soris – 33,0 procents, da mxolod 6,2 procentspirveli rangis poziciebze. amrigad, procentuli maCvenebeli mcirdeba ierarqiuladmaRal Tanamdebobaze gadasvlis paralelurad.centraluri xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebicxrili 13erTeuliqalikaciWarmomadgenlobisrangiqalTa procentimTliani raodenobidan%rangismimarT% TiToeulipoziciisTvissaqarTvelos prezidenti 0 1 10parlamentis Tavmjdomare 0 1 1 0parlamentis wevrebi 9 131 1 6,4premier-ministri 0 1 1 6,20sakonstitucio sasamarTlosTavmjdomare 0 1 1 0uzenaesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomare0 1 1 0saqarTvelos ministrebi(saxelmwifo ministrebis2 17 210,5CaTvliT)33,0ministris moadgileebi 15 56 2 21,1mTavrobis kancelaria 60 83 2 42,0dasaqmebulia saqarTvelosprezidentis administraciaSi 79 57 358,1saqarTvelos parlamentisaparatSi dasaqmebulebi58,8saStato ganrigiT momuSave 397 206 3 65,8xelSekrulebiT momuSave 157 180 3 46,6wyaro: saqstatistatistikur publikaciaSi asaxulia gansxvavebuli sqesis adamianTa warmomadgenlobacentraluri saxelisuflebo institutebis garkveul wreebSi, aseve adgilobrivixelisuflebis doneze.rac Seexeba parlaments, monacemebi gviCvenebs parlamentis wevrTa mTlian ricxovnobasda raodenobas fraqciebis mixedviT. 2010 wels fraqciaSi “erTiani nacionaluri moZraoba”qalebis raodenobam Seadgina 8,0 procenti, nacvlad 2008 wlis 6,1 procentisa.danarCen fraqciebSi ucvleli situaciaa 2008-2010 wlebSi.37

deputatTa ricxovnoba fraqciebis mixedviT saqarTvelos parlamentSi2008 wlis mowvevacxrili 142008 2009 2010erTeuliqali kaci qali kaci qali kacifraqcia ,,erTiani nacionaluri moZraoba”6 93 6 94 8 92fraqcia ,,saqarTvelos regionebimaJoritarebi”0 16 0 16 0 16fraqcia „Zlieri saqarTvelo” 0 6 0 6 0 7fraqcia „qristian-demokratebi” 1 6 1 6 1 6damoukidebeli deputatebi(fraqciis gareSe) 0 9 0 10 0 10wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011publikaciaSi agreTve mocemulia informacia centraluri xelisuflebis administraciaSidasaqmebuli personalis Sesaxeb genderul WrilSi.administraciaSi dasaqmebulTa ricxovnoba 2010 wels, %diagrama 5100.080.060.040.020.0kaciqali0.0dasaqmebuliasaqarTvelosprezidentisadministraciaSisaqarTvelosparlamentis aparatSidasaqmebulTaricxovnoba saStatoganrigiTdasaqmebuliamTavrobiskancelariaSiwyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011diagrama mocemulia Semdegi cxrilebis mixedviT – saqarTvelos prezidentis administraciaSi,saqarTvelos parlamentis aparatsa da mTavrobis kancelariaSi dasaqmebulTaSemadgenloba, statistikuri publikaciidan “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011.sxva mxriv, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom zogadad, qalebi farTod arian warmodgenilebisaqarTvelos parlamentis aparatSi (65,8 procenti), saqarTvelos prezidentis administraciaSi(58,1 procenti), xolo mTavrobis kancelariaSi (42,0 procenti).38

diagrama 6saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebSi dasaqmebuli mosamarTleebisraodenoba, erTeuli180120qalikaci6002007 2008 2009 2010wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 20112010 wlis monacemebiT, saerTo sasamarTloebSi dasaqmebulia 48,8 procenti mosamarTleqali, nacvlad 2007 wlis 49,2 procentisa. rogorc grafikidan Cans, 2008da 2009 wlebSi ufro didi iyo gansxvaveba mosamarTle qalebsa da mosamarTlekacebs Soris. mosamarTle qalebis raodenoba Sesabamisad 46,2 da 47,1 procentsSeadgenda.cxrili 15centraluri saarCevno komisiis genderuli Semadgenloba1 ianvris mdgomareobiT2008 2009 2010qali kaci qali kaci qali kaci26 42 51 58 50 58wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011rac Seexeba qalTa warmomadgenlobas centraluri saarCevno komisiis SemadgenlobaSi,rogorc cxrilidan Cans 2010 wels qalTa ricxovnoba 2008 welTan SedarebiTTiTqmis 100,0 procentiTaa gazrdili.39

cxrili 16saolqo saarCevno komisiebis genderuli Semadgenloba1 ianvris mdgomareobiT2008 2009 2010qali kaci qali kaci qali kaci155 225 164 216 164 216wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011aseve mniSvnelovania saolqo saarCevno komisiebis genderuli Semadgenlobis analizi.2010 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT qalebis raodenobam Seadgina 43,2 procenti, nacvlad2008 wels 40,8 procentisa. aRniSnuli cxrilis ukeT aRqmis gamoxatulebaaqvemoT moyvanili grafiki, sadac naTlad Cans kacebis siWarbe.diagrama 7saolqo saarCevno komisiebis Semadgenloba, %100.090.080.070.060.050.040.030.020.010.00.0კაციქალი2008 2009 2010wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011cxrili 17adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoSi – sakrebuloSiarCeuli wevrebis genderuli Semadgenloba1 ianvris mdgomareobiT2008 2009 2010qali kaci qali kaci qali kacisaqarTvelo, sul 192 1 495 196 1 484 199 1 477wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 201140

upirveles yovlisa, Cven vadgenT qalebis warmomadgenlobiTobis dones, mTlianiraodenobidan. 2010 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT, qalebi Seadgenen sakrebuloSi ar-Ceuli wevrebis saerTo raodenobis 11,9 procents. amrigad, SegviZlia vTqvaT, romqalebi zogadad naklebad arian warmodgenili am doneze. 2008 wlis analogiurmaCvenebelTan SedarebiT 2010 wels mxolod 0,5 procentuli punqtiTaa gazrdili.unda aRiniSnos, rom qalebis warmomadgenlobis simcire parlamentsa da adgilobriviTviTmmarTvelobis organoebSi gamowveulia maTi mcirericxovnobiT politikuri partiebissaarCevno siebSi.Cven aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT monawileobiTobis aspeqti, davsvaT kiTxvebiimis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor erTvebian qalebi saarCevno kampaniaSi, rogorc saparlamentoise adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis arCevnebisas. Tu qalebis raodenobakandidatebs Soris dabalia, SeuZlebeli iqneba qalebis ufro meti raodenobiT ar-Cevac am Tanamdebobebze.3.2. Sromis bazari da dasaqmebaam qveTavSi ganvixilavT indikatorebs Sromis bazrisa da dasaqmebis sferodan. soflis meurneobis, mrewvelobis da momsaxurebis sferoSi dasaqmebuli (15wlis da ufrosi asakis) qalis/kacis procentuli wili samuSao ZalismaCvenebelSi;xelmZRvanel da profesiul Tanamdebobebze dasaqmebuli qalis/kacis procentulimaCvenebeli;qalis/kacis procentuli raodenoba, vinc asrulebs aunazRaurebad SromasojaxSi, an dasaqmebulia araformalur seqtorSi (15 wlis da zemoT);dasaqmebis/umuSevrobis done sqesis, qalaq/soflis WrilSi;dro, romelic eTmoba garkveul saqmianobas (maT Soris, aunazRaurebadSromas ojaxSi da bavSvebis/xandazmulebis movlas);samuSao drois (srul/naxevar ganakveTze) ganawileba kacebsa da qalebs Soris;qalebis dekretuli Svebulebis ufleba/kvirebis raodenoba/qalebis procentuliwili, vinc aRniSnuli uflebiT sargeblobs;mSoblebis ufleba dekretul Svebulebaze/kvirebis raodenoba/qalebisa daSesabamisad, kacebis procentuli maCvenebeli, vinc aRniSnuli uflebiTsargeblobs;kreditebis, finansuri da teqnikuri daxmarebis procentuli maCvenebeli,romelic mimarTulia samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo wyaroebidan qalebisdasaxmareblad da Sesabamisi maCvenebeli kacebTan mimarTebaSi;gansxvaveba qalisa da kacis xelfass/Semosavals Soris saqmianobis mixedviT;situacia bavSvTa movlis momsaxurebis mxriv da 0-3 da 3-6 wlis bavSvTaprocentuli raodenoba, vinc aRniSnuli momsaxurebiT sargeblobs.ganvixilavT samuSaosTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs, rogoricaa: anazRaureba da konkre-41

tulad, anazRaurebis indikatori/gansxvavebebi Semosavlebs Soris, qalisa da kacissaqmianobisa da samuSaos xasiaTis mixedviT.aRniSnuli aspeqti gansakuTrebul interesis sagans warmoadgens, imis gamo, rom xelfasebiuzarmazar gavlenas axdens sxva indikatorebze da rom arsebobs “SefaruliTanasworoba” qalsa da kacs Soris Sromis bazarze, rac damaxasiaTebelia postsabWoTaqveynebisaTvis.mcired gadavuxvevT da ganvmartavT termins “Sefaruli Tanasworoba”, romelic xSiradSecdomaSi Semyvan terminad aRiqmeba. saqarTveloSi dasaqmebis sferoSi ver visaubrebTgenderul uTanasworobaze, radgan sabWoTa periodis dasaqmebis politikidan gamomdinare,qalebi Sromis bazarze kacebTan SedarebiT TiTqmis Tanasworad iyvnen warmodgenilni.2009 wels, saqarTveloSi dasaqmebul qalTa ricxovnoba iyo 778.6 aTasi, xolodasaqmebuli kacebis ricxvi – 877.6 aTasi, e.i. qalTa ricxovnoba TiTqmis 100 aTasiadamianiT naklebi iyo. swored am TavSi, saWiroa gakeTdes ramdenime SeniSvna, raTa TavidanvegavamaxviloT yuradReba zogierT SesaZlo mcdar midgomaze:1. Tu SevadarebT dasaqmebuli mosaxleobis ricxovnobas 15 wlisa da ufrosiasakis qalisa da kacis mTlian ricxovnobasTan, davinaxavT, rom 15 wlis daufrosi asakis mosaxleobis mTlian ricxovnobaSi dasaqmebuli qalebis procentuliwili 45.9 procents Seadgens, rac 15.2 procentuli punqtiT naklebiakacebTan SedarebiT;2. umuSevrobis done (umuSevari mosaxleobis procentuli wili ekonomikuradaqtiur (dasaqmebuli da umuSevari erTad) mosaxloebaSi), ufro maRaliakacebSi (18,1 procenti), vidre qalebSi (15.4 procenti). meores mxriv, ekonomikuradaraaqtiuri mosaxleobis done maRalia qalebs Soris, 15 wlisada ufrosi asakis qalebis 45,7 procenti ekonomikurad araaqtiuria, analogiurimaCvenebeli kacebSi mxolod 25,4 procents Seadgens. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT,saWiroa ufro detalurad iqnas Seswavlili umuSevari da ekonomikuradaraaqtiuri mosaxleobis terminebi.aRniSnuli indikatorebi miRebul iqna gaeros rekomendaciiT, xolo prioritetulisferoebi ganisazRvra 1995 wels pekinis samoqmedo platformiT (ix. danarTi a).erovnuli statistika ganmartavs “umuSevar pirebs” - rogorc pirebs, visac:ar gaaCnia samuSao, ar asrulebs anazRaurebad an raime sxva saqmianobas Semosavlis,mogebis miRebis mizniT;eZebs samuSaos, bolo 4 kviris ganmavlobaSi mimarTa sxvadasxva saSualebassamuSaos mosaZebnad: daregistrirda dasaqmebis saagentoSi, moiTxovasaqmianobis dawyeba damoukideblad, gaakeTa sareklamo gancxadebebi, anupasuxa msgavs gancxadebebs, eZebs samuSaos megobrebis, naTesavebis, nacnobebissaSualebiT da a.S.; da samuSaos povnis SemTxvevaSi mzad aris samuSaos dasawyebad uaxloesi 2kviris ganmavlobaSi.Sesabamisad, ekonomikurad araaqtiuri mosaxleoba moicavs pirebs, vinc arc dasaqmebuliada arc umuSevari. formalurad, es kategoria moicavs pensiaze gasul pirebs,moswavleebs/studentebs, diasaxlisebs, invalidebs da a. S. pirebs, romlebic armuSaoben da amavdroulad aqtiurad ar eZeben samuSaos an/da mzad ar arian samuSaosdasawyebad.amrigad, dasaqmebuli qalebis raodenoba da dasaqmebis done dabalia kacebTan SedarebiT.meore mxriv, umuSevrobis done ufro maRalia kacebSi, Tumca ekonomikuriaraaqtiurobis done ufro maRalia qalebSi.42

15 wlisa da ufrosi asakis mosaxleobis ganawilebaekonomikuri aqtivobis mixedviT, 2009qalicxrili 18aTasikaci15 wlis da ufrosi asakis mosaxleoba sul 1 694.8 1 436.2ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba (samuSao Zala) 920.5 1 071.3dasaqmebuli mosaxleoba 778.6 877.6umuSevari mosaxleoba 141.9 193.7ekonomikurad araaqtiuri mosaxleoba 774.4 364.9umuSevrobis done, umuSevarTa procentuli wili ekonomikuradaqtiur mosaxleobaSi (procenti) 15.4 18.1dasaqmebis done, dasaqmebulTa procentuli wili 15 wlis daufrosi asakis mosaxleobaSi (procenti) 45.9 61.1araaqtiurobis done, araaqtiur pirTa procentuli wili 15wlis da ufrosi asakis mosaxleobaSi (procenti) 45.7 25.4wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011dasaqmebis donis qalTa maCvenebeli 15.2 procentuli punqtiT naklebia kacebTan SedarebiT,umuSevrobis done ufro maRalia kacebs Soris.problema: rogorc dasaqmebis aseve saSualo xelfasis doneebSic aris mniSvnelovanigansxvavebebi orive sqess Soris. 2009 wlis mdgomareobiT qalis saSualo xelfasiSeadgenda 398.3 lars, rac kacis saSualo xelfasis 57.7 procentia (690.8 lari).cxrili 19saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi 2009 wels, lariqali 398.3kaci 690.8qalebis xelfasis procentuli Tanafardoba kacebis xelfasTan (%) 57.7wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 201143

a faqtorebi gansazRvravs samuSaos anazRaurebas, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,dasaqmebulis xelfasis odenobas?ramdenadac samuSaos anazRaureba garkveulwilad teqnikuri aspeqtia, igi ganimartebaSromiTi bazris terminebSi. aRniSnuli sferos indikatorebze dayrdnobiT ganvixilavTsxva statistikuri sferoebis indikatorebsac.ganvixiloT dasaqmebulis individualuri maxasiaTeblebi Sromis bazris moTxovnebisTvalsazrisiT da yuradReba gavamaxviloT im maxasiaTeblebze, romlebic ganapirobebensaSualo saxelfaso ganakveTis cvlilebas. amrigad, saWiroa Semdegi aspeqtebisgaTvaliswineba: ekonomikis romel seqtorebSi xdeba upiratesad kacebisa da qalebisdasaqmeba;rogoria sakuTrebis forma (saxelmwifo Tu kerZo seqtori);rogoria dasaqmebulis samuSao gamocdileba;rogoria samuSao Zalis profesiuli momzadebis done;rogoria dasaqmebul kacTa da qalTa mobilurobis konkretuli maxasiaTeblebi?araformaluri dasaqmebis maCvenebeli dasaqmebul kacTa da qalTa Soris;naxevar ganakveTze an sezonurad momuSave qalTa da kacTa raodenoba;rogoria Tanamdebobebis ganawileba ierarqiuli wyobis mixedviT;dasaqmebul qalTa da kacTa raodenoba, vinc isargebla raime saxis SvebulebiT(rogoricaa: dekretuli Svebuleba, biuleteni, uxelfaso Svebuleba,Svebuleba droebiTi Sromisuunarobis gamo, akademiuri Svebulebada a.S.) sakvlev periodSi.gavaanalizoT zogierTi zemoT CamoTvlili indikatoris gavleniT miRebuli mosalodneliSedegebi.daviwyoT ekonomikis seqtorebiT, anu ekonomikuri saqmianobis saxeebiT. Tavidanveunda aRiniSnos ori sakiTxi, romelic Semdeg kiTxvebze iZleva pasuxs: ramdenad gansxvavebulia saSualo saxelfaso ganakveTi ekonomikurisaqmianobis saxeebis mixedviT?arsebobs Tu ara genderuli gansxvavebebi samuSao Zalis ganawilebaSi ekonomikurisaqmianobis saxeebis mixedviT da Tu amgvari gansxvavebebi arsebobs,rogoria maTi ricxobrivi sidide?rac Seexeba sxvaobebs saSualo saxelfaso ganakveTebs Soris, SesamCneviamniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi ekonomikuri saqmianobis saxeebis mixedviT. 2009 welsorive sqesisTvis yvelaze maRali saSualo saxelfaso ganakveTi dafiqsirda“safinanso saqmianobis” seqtorSi (1023.7 lari qalebisTvis da 1748.6 lari kacebisaTvis),xolo yvelaze dabali maCvenebli dafiqsirda ,,soflis meurneoba, nadirobada satyeo meurneoba; TevzWera, meTevzeoba” seqtorSi (qalebisaTvis - 249.6 lari dakacebisaTvis - 268.7 lari). imisaTvis, rom ukeTesad gavigoT Tu ramdenad gansxvave-44

ulia saSualo saxelfaso ganakveTis odenoba ekonomikis seqtorebis mixedviT, SegviZliagamoviyenoT Semdegi xSirad gamoyenebuli fraza: “soflis meurneobis seqtorSidasaqmebul qalTa saSualo xelfasi oTxjer ufro naklebia, vidre “safinansosaqmianobis” seqtorSi momuSave qalis saSualo xelfasi da amave seqtorSi dasaqmebulikacis saSualo xelfasi 6.5-jer naklebia “safinanso saqmianobis” seqtorSidasaqmebuli kacis saSualo xelfasTan SedarebiT.cxrili 20saSualo Tviuri nominaluri xelfasi ekonomikuri saqmianobis saxeebis mixedviTqali kacisul saqarTveloSi 398.3 690.8soflis meurneoba, nadiroba da satyeo meurneoba; TevzWera,meTevzeoba 249.6 268.7samTomopovebiTi mrewveloba 393.3 722.2damamuSavebeli mrewveloba 332.0 507.6eleqtroenergiis, airisa da wylis warmoeba da ganawileba 724.6 786.7mSenebloba 453.7 637.9vaWroba; avtomobilebis, sayofacxovrebo nawarmisa da piradimoxmarebis sagnebis remonti 407.5 603.5sastumroebi da restornebi 307.2 459.7transporti da kavSirgabmuloba 610.3 765.1safinanso saqmianoba 1 023.7 1 748.6operaciebi uZravi qonebiT, ijara da momxmareblisaTvismomsaxurebis gaweva 478.2 730.7saxelmwifo mmarTveloba 816.0 909.3ganaTleba 255.9 320.2janmrTelobis dacva da socialuri daxmareba 317.2 552.9komunaluri, socialuri da personaluri momsaxurebis gaweva 357.6 465.3wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011ekonomikuri saqmianobis mixedviT arsebobs mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi saSualo xelfasisodenobis mxriv.ufro detalurad rom ganvixiloT, unda davsvaT kiTxva imis Taobaze, Tu ra ganapirobebsqalebis da kacebis diferencirebas ekonomikuri seqtorebis mixedviT, e.i. radgas zogierTi seqtoris “feminizaciisa” Tu “maskulinizaciis” miRma.pirvel rigSi, migvaCnia, rom msgavsi ganawileba damokidebulia konkretuli adamianebisganaTlebis donisa da specializaciis sferoze. Sesabamisad, unda veZioT genderuliTaviseburebebi ganaTlebasTan mimarTebaSi, ganaTlebis seqtoris Sesaxeb statistikurimonacemebis analiziT. ramdenadac konkretuli profesiuli orientacia ganisazRvrebadawyebiTi profesiuli da umaRlesi ganaTlebis doneze. unda davakvirdeT studentigogonebis da vaJebis ganawilebas specializaciis mixedviT.45

cxrili 21studentTa ricxovnoba umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSiprogramebis mixedviT, 2009/2010 saswavlo welserTeuliqali kaci qalTaprocentistudentTa ricxovnoba, sul 56 620 46 090 55,1maT Soris programebis mixedviT:ganaTleba 1 985 630 75,9humanitaruli mecnierebebi da xelovneba 14 255 4 601 75,6socialuri mecnierebebi, biznesi da samarTali 22 926 20 229 53,1mecniereba 4 222 5 289 44,4sainJinro, damamuSavebeli da samSeneblo dargebi 2 666 7 309 26,7soflis meurneoba 1 128 2 464 31,4jandacva da socialuri uzrunvelyofa 8 968 3 102 74,3momsaxureba 470 2 466 16,0wyaro: saqstati.kidev erTi saanalizo indikatori aris ganawileba ierarqiuli Tanamdebobebis mixedviT.igi warmoadgens Sromis bazarze genderuli Tanasworobis meore aspeqts, romelicpirdapir axdens gavlenas xelfasebze.rogorc ukve aRiniSna, saqarTvelos Sromis bazarze SeiniSneba gansxvavebebi qalTa dakacTa monawileobasTan mimarTebaSi. qalebis dasaqmebis done Seadgens 45,9 procents,xolo kacebis 61.1 procents (Sesabamisad 778.6 aTasi da 877.6 aTasi dasaqmebuli).Sesabamisad, pirveli etapi tradiciulad iqneba pasuxis gacema kiTxvaze, Tu ramdenadicvleba dasaqmebul qalTa da kacTa ganawileba Tanamdebobebis mixedviT.amis gagebas ukeTesad SevZlebT Tu statistikuri monacemebi gamoavlens uTanabrobebsmTlian erTobliobasa da qvejgufebSi arsebul ganawilebebs Soris genderuli niSniT.ganvixiloT sqesobrivi ganawileba dasaqmebis statusis mixedviT (ixileT cxrili 22).2009 wels qalebi dasaqmebuli mosaxleobis sruli raodenobis 47,0 procentsSeadgendnen (778.6 aTasi dasaqmebuli). rac Seexeba absoluturad Tanabar ganawilebasdasaqmebis statusis mixedviT gamoyofil jgufebSi (daqiravebiT dasaqmebulebi, damsaqmeblebi,TviTdasaqmebulebi (damsaqmeblebis garda) da a.S.), qalebi unda warmoadgendnendasaqmebulTa 50 procents. Tu qalebi 50 procentze naklebs Seadgenen,saxezea qalTa naklebi warmomadgenlobiToba. sapirispiro SemTxvevaSi, Tu qalebi 50procentze metia – Warbi warmomadgenlobiTobaa. monacemebis ganxilvisas, SesamCneviaqalTa zomieri nakleboba rogorc daqiravebiT, ise TviTdasaqmebulTa (damsaqmeblebisgarda) ricxvSi (Sesabamisad 46.7 da 47.7 procenti) da aSkarad gamokveTili naklebobadamsaqmebelTa Soris (mxolod 25.8 procenti). qalebi arc erT jgufSi ar arianWarbad warmodgenilni.46

cxrili 22dasaqmebul pirTa ganawileba dasaqmebis statusis mixedviT 2009 w.aTasiqali kaci qalTa %dasaqmebuli mosaxleoba sul 778.6 877.6 47.0damsaqmeblebi 5.7 16.5 25.7daqiravebiT dasaqmebulebi 278.5 317.4 46.7TviTdasaqmebulebi (damsaqmeblebis garda)* 494.2 542.5 47.7sxva (gaurkveveli) 0.1 1.2 7.7* mewarme, meurne daqiravebuli pirebis gareSe an profesiuli saqmianobiT dakavebuli piri;ojaxur sawarmoSi/meurneobaSi usasyidloT momuSave piriwyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011genderuli ganawileba dasaqmebis statusis mixedviT araerTgvarovania.pasuxi unda gavceT meore kiTxvasac, romelic exeba urTierTdamokidebulebis analizssaSualo saxelfaso ganakveTsa da muSaxelis ganawilebas Soris ierarqiuliTanamdebobebis mixedviT, romelic am konkretul SemTxvevaSi dasaqmebis statusismixedviT ganawilebiT aris gamoxatuli.dasaqmebis statusis mixedviT araTanabarma ganawilebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios gansxvavebebisaSualo saxelfaso ganakveTis odenobaSi maSin, roca saSualo xelfasis sididegansxvavdeba dasaqmebis statusidan gamomdinare. imisaTvis, rom davadginoT Tu ramdenadganapirobebs dasaqmebis statusis mixedviT araTanabari ganawileba saSualo xelfasissidides, iseTive gamoTvlebs gamoviyenebT, rogoric ekonomikuri saqmianobissaxeebis mixedviT ganawilebis SemTxvevaSi gamoviyeneT.Semdeg, SevecdebiT im faqtorebis gamovlenas, romelic ganapirobebs ierarqiulgansxvavebebs. aRniSnuli gansxvaveba unda moicavdes Semdegi saxis daSvebas: “aris Tuara gansxvavebebi umaRles ganaTlebaSi qalebsa da kacebs Soris, romelic ganapirobebskacTa ufro maRal Tanamdebobebze moxvedras ekonomikur erTeulebSi?”.isev SevecdebiT ganmartebiTi jaWvis agebas im faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelicganapirobebs dasaqmebuli muSakis profesiul zrdas. igi gamowveuli unda iyosobieqturi mizezebiT, rogoricaa:umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxi (ganaTlebis done);samuSao gamocdileba konkretul sferoSi da konkretul sawarmoSi;bazarze samuSao Zalis miwodeba, radgan konkretuli dasaqmebuli pirisdawinaurebis Sansebi mcirdeba situaciebSi, roca sxva dasaqmebulebs gaaCniaTmomzadebis igive done da gamocdileba, rogoric aRniSnul pirs aqvs.aseve, SesaZloa ganpirobebuli iyos kulturuli da subieqturi mizezebiT,rogoricaa stereotipi imis Sesaxeb, rom qalebi ar gamodgebian menejerebad,rasac kacebic da qalebic iziareben.subieqturi faqtorebis gavlena ar aisaxeba oficialur statistikur monacemebSi,garda im mcire SemTxvevebisa, roca monacemebi miiReba zogierTi specifikuri sociologiurida fsiqologiuri kvlevebis Sedegad. Tumca, obieqturi faqtorebis gamovlenaSesaZlebelia pirdapiri an iribi gziT arsebul statistikur monacemebSi.aRniSnuli SesaZlebelia gakeTdes or klasikur kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemiT:47

aris Tu ara gansxvaveba kacebsa da qalebs Soris statistikur monacemebSi,romelic asaxavs amxsnel faqtors;rogor da ra xarisxiT aisaxeba aRniSnuli gansxvavebebi axsnil faqtorSi.vnaxoT, Tu ramdenad ganapirobebs qalisa da kacis profesiuli momzadebis sxvadasxvadone qalebis nakleb warmomadgenlobas damsaqmebelTa ricxvSi. ramdenadac profesiuliganaTlebis cneba pirvel rigSi gulisxmobs ganaTlebis miRweul dones, unda gavaanalizoTdasaqmebuli qalebisa da kacebis ganawileba ganaTlebis mixedviT.Sedarebis dros gasaTvaliswinebelia mosaxleobis procentuli ganawileba sqesobriviniSniT ganaTlebis mixedviT, maTi gansxvavebuli raodenobis gamo.qvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi, samuSao Zalis ganawileba warmodenilia absolutur ricxvebSida procentebSi. procentuli maCveneblebis analizis dros, irkveva Semdegi:1. dasaqmebul qalebs da kacebs umeteswilad gaaCniaT saSualo ganaTleba(Sesabamisad 37.3 da kacebis 47.2 procenti) da umaRlesi ganaTleba (29.5 da29.2 procenti Sesabamisad);2. kacebTan mimarTebaSi qalebis ufro Warbi raodenoba dafiqsirda: saSualoprofesiuli ganaTlebis jgufSi (19.4 da 14.4 procenti); sabazo zogadi (7.6procenti da 6.9 procenti) da dawyebiTi ganaTlebis jgufSi (2.6 procentida 1.5 procentTan SedarebiT).cxrili 23dasaqmebuli mosaxleoba ganaTlebis donis mixedviT 2009qalikaciaTasi % aTasi %dasaqmebuli mosaxleoba, sul 778.6 100.0 877.6 100.0umaRlesi 229.9 29.5 256.1 29.2saSualo profesiuli 150.8 19.4 126.0 14.4dawyebiTi profesiuli, saxelobo 24.4 3.1 46.2 5.3saSualo zogadi 290.4 37.3 375.1 42.7sabazo zogadi 59.1 7.6 60.3 6.9dawyebiTi 20.5 2.6 12.7 1.5ganaTlebis gareSe/araidentificirebuli 3.3 0.4 1.1 0.1wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 201148

3.3. socialuri uzrunvelyofaqvemoT SevecdebiT TvalsaCinod warmogidginoT statistikuri monacemebis analizisprocesi socialuri dacvis sferoSi sapensio sistemis sakiTxebze. aRniSnul sferosgenderuli perspeqtivisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs, radgan pensionerebi warmoadgenendaucvel kategorias da maTi umetesoba arian qalebi.wina TavSi ganxiluli sakiTxebidan gansxvavebiT vecdebiT warmovadginoT sakiTxebisaRweriTi analizi konkretuli movlenebis indikatorebis raodenobrivi analizis nacvlad.am mizniT SemuSavebuli indikatorebis CamonaTvali ar iqneba amxsneli indikatori/faqtori, aramed warmoadgens indikatorebs, romlebic Sesabamis sferoSi arsebulzogad situacias asaxavs da romelic gansaxilveli movlenis ganmartebas emsaxureba.aRniSnuli siis momzadebisas mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT statistikuri indikatorebisfarTo CamonaTvali, romelic sapensio sistemis Sesaxeb statistikur informaciasiZleva, imisTvis, rom indikatorebis jgufma aRniSnuli seqtoris sruli suraTi mogvces.Tumca, sawyis etapze aucilebelia gavecnoT erovnuli sapensio sistemis ZiriTadprincipebsa da cnebebs. nebismieri masala, romelic exeba aRniSnul seqtors, kanonmdeblobidandawyebuli da analitikuri kvleviT damTavrebuli, warmoadgens informaciiswyaros. kanonmdeblobidan vswavlobT ZiriTad principebs da vecnobiT zogierT cnebas.saqarTvelos kanoni saxelmwifo pensiis Sesaxeb (saqarTvelos kanoni ,,saxelmwifo pensiisSesaxeb’’ #2442 – rs. moqmedebs 2006 wlis 1 ianvridan) gansazRvravs saqarTveloskonstituciiT garantirebuli saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa socialur-ekonomikuriuflebebis realizaciis uzrunvelyofas.saxelmwifo pensiis dawesebiT kanoni adgens asakis, SesaZleblobis SezRudvis da mar-Cenalis dakargvis gamo piris minimaluri saarsebo saSualebiT uzrunvelyofis sayovelTaouflebas da am uflebis realizebas axdens etapobrivad, arsebuli resursebisfarglebSi.kanoni aregulirebs saxelmwifo pensiaze (SemdgomSi – pensia) uflebis warmoSobissafuZvlebs, gansazRvravs pensiis odenobas, misi administrirebis organos, adgens pensiisdaniSvnis, gacemis, misi SeCerebis, ganaxlebisa da Sewyvetis wessa da pirobebs,aregulirebs pensiis miRebasTan dakavSirebul sxva urTierTobebs.arsebobs pensiis Semdegi saxeebi:a) pensia, romelic eniSneba sapensio asakis pirs;b) pensia, romelic eniSneba SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirs;g) marCenalis gardacvalebasTan dakavSirebiT daniSnuli pensia.sapensio asakis miRwevisas daniSnuli pensiis odenobas gansazRvravs biujetis SesaxebsaqarTvelos kanoni, yovelwliurad.SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis dadgenis gamo pensia eniSnebaT:1. mkveTrad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis mqone pirebs 80laris odenobiT. Amave odenobis pensia eniSnebaT mkveTrad gamoxatuli Sez-Ruduli SesaZleblobis statusis mqone bavSvebs, romlebic saWiroeben sxvapiris mudmiv daxmarebas.2. mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis mqone49

pirebs eniSnebaT pensia 70 laris odenobiT. amave odenobis pensia eniSnebaTmniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis mqone bavSvebs._ meore msoflio omisa da saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisaTvis brZolis Sez-Ruduli SesaZleblobis statusis mqone pirebi:a) mkveTrad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTaTvis – 129lari;b) mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTaTvis –129 lari;g) zomierad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTaTvis – 80lari.sxva qveynis teritoriuli mTlianobisaTvis sabrZolo moqmedebis SezRuduli SesaZleblobismqone pirebi:a) mkveTrad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTaTvis – 84lari;b) mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTaTvis – 84lari;g) zomierad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTaTvis – 70lari._ marCenalis gardacvalebis gamo pensia eniSneba:yovel marCenaldakargul bavSvs 18 wlamde, erTi an orive mSoblis gardacvalebisSemTxvevaSi – TiToeul bavSvs 55 laris odenobiT.amrigad, SevecdebiT gamovyoT sistemis ZiriTadi elementebi, romelic analizis saganigaxdeba. esenia: sapensio asakis beneficiarebi da pensiis odenoba.sapensio asakis beneficiarebi da pensiis odenoba ganixileba Semdegi maxasiaTeblebismixedviT:raodenoba da cvlilebebi drois garkveul intervalSi;ganawileba asakisa da sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT;ganawileba asakobrivi jgufebisa da pensiis saxeebis mixedviT;pensionerTa ganawileba specializebul institutebSi.pensiis odenoba pensionerTa raodenobis mixedviT;pensiis odenoba pensionerTa kategoriis mixedviT;pensiis odenoba regionebis da pensionerTa raodenobis mixedviT; dawesebulebebis beneficiarebi, romelTac dawesebuleba uzrunvelyofssaWiro momsaxureobiTa da saqonliT.da bolos, problema, romliTac daviwyebT analizs, SemdegSi mdgomareobs: qalebi warmoadgenenpensionerTa umravlesobas (65.4 procenti 2009 wels). Sesabamisad, xandazmulobisada sapensio sistemis problemebi ufro met gavlenas axdens qalebze, vidrekacebze.50

TiToeul aspeqts ganvixilavT damoukideblad or WrilSi, kerZod: rogoria arsebulimdgomareoba da ra faqtorebma ganapiroba am mdgomareobis Camoyalibeba?pensionerTa raodenobaarsebuli mdgomareoba2009 wels pensiis mimRebTa sruli raodenoba saqarTveloSi Seadgenda 838.5 aTas adamians.maTgan, sapensio asakTan dakavSirebiT pensias iRebda 660.0 aTasi piri, e.i. pensionerTa78.7 procenti. qalebi pensionerTa sruli raodenobis 65.4 procentsSeadgendnen, xolo sapensio asakiT daniSnuli pensiis mimRebTa 68.8 procents. amrigad,sapensio sistemasTan dakavSirebuli problematika udaod aqtualuria genderuli perspeqtivisTvalsazrisiT.pensionerTa ganawileba sqesisa da pensiis saxeebis mixedviTsul qali kacicxrili 24qalebisxvedriTiwili, %pensionerebi sul 838.5 548.5 290.0 65.4maT Soris pensias iRebs:asakis gamo 660.0 454.2 205.8 68.8SezRuduli SesaZleblobis gamo 139.9 62.6 77.3 44.7marCenalis gardacvalebis gamo 35.5 30.2 5.3 85.0sxva mizezis gamo 3.1 1.5 1.6 48.4wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011asaki warmoadgens ZiriTad faqtors qali da kaci pensionerebis raodenobis dadgenaSi.Cven gavaanalizebT monacemebs sicocxlis xangrZlivobis Sesaxeb da mosaxleobisraodenobas, romelic aRwevs sapensio asaks. 2009 wels kacTa Soris sicocxlis xangrZlivobismaCvenebeli Seadgenda 69.20 wels, xolo qalebs Soris – 77.69 wels, e.i.8.49 wliT mets.imisaTvis, rom moviZioT saxeze myofi mosaxleobis raodenoba, davubrundeT monacemebsmosaxleobis asakobrivi ganawilebis Sesaxeb (romelic jandacvis Sesaxeb qveTavSi iyowarmodgenili). davinaxavT, rom ukve 30-34 wlis asakobrivi jgufidan kacebi ricxobrivadumciresobas Seadgenen mosaxleobaSi da maTi wili mosaxleobis ricxovnobaSimcirdeba momdevno asakobriv jgufTan erTad. qalTa sapensio asakobriv jgufSi (58-62weli), kacTa wili ukve 44.8. procents Seadgens, xolo kacTa sapensio asakobrivjgufSi (63-67 weli) maTi ricxvi kidev ufro mcirdeba da Seadgens 42.1 procents.sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, umTavresi mizezi pensioner kacTa dabali ricxovnobisamdgomareobs imaSi, rom maTi sicocxlis xangrZlioba ufro mcirea qalebTan SedarebiT,amrigad, ”potenciur” pensionerTa ricxvi (sapensio asaks miRweuli pirebi) kacebsSoris gacilebiT mcirea, rogorc es qvemoT cxrilSia mocemuli.aTasi51

cxrili 25mosaxleobis ricxovnoba 2009 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiTerTeuliasaki qali kacikacebis xvedriTiwili %0 wlis 24 411 31 146 56,11-4 wlis 89 468 99 957 52,85-9 wlis 108 438 120 967 52,710-14 wlis 131 929 143 270 52,115-19 wlis 174 652 180 540 50,820-24 wlis 178 293 182 436 50,625-29 wlis 166 413 167 017 50,130-34 wlis 158 810 153 119 49,135-39 wlis 154 804 144 123 48,240-44 wlis 157 648 140 381 47,145-49 wlis 179 645 155 343 46,450-54 wlis 157 668 133 992 45,955-59 wlis 137 495 113 502 45,260-64 wlis 94 108 75 557 44,565-69 wlis 106 249 73 583 40,970-74 wlis 114 497 77 098 40,275-79 wlis 79 640 49 938 38,580-84 wlis 58 691 30 212 34.085 da meti 31 763 8 626 21,4sul 2 304 622 2 080 807 47,4wyaro: saqstatiamasTanave, sapensio asaki diferencirebulia sqesis mixedviT. qalebisaTvis igi Seadgens60 wels, xolo kacebisaTvis – 65 wels. imisaTvis, rom ganisazRvros raodenobriviefeqti, unda gairkves, Tu rogoria kacTa ricxovnoba 60-65 wlis asakobriv jgufSi.wyaro: saqstaticxrili 26kacTa ricxovnoba 60-65 wlis asakobriv jgufSimosaxleobis ricxovnoba 2009 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiTasaki, wlebiricxovnoba60 18 64561 18 59862 15 83463 12 64364 9 83765 7 57760_65 83 13452

2009 wlis pirveli ianvris mdgomareobiT 60-65 wlis asakobriv jgufSi kacebis raodenoba83.1…aTass Seadgens. amrigad, pensionerTa raodenoba sapensio asakis mixedviT iqneba288.9 aTasi kaci (205.8 aTass + 83.1 aTasi), e.i. maTi procentuli raodenoba pensionerTasruli ricxvidan Seadgens 34,5 procents. raodenobrivi gansxvaveba pensionerkacTa de-faqto raodenobasa (31.2 procenti) da hipoTetur raodenobas Soris (34.5procenti) gviCvenebs diferencirebuli sapensio asakis ricxobriv gavlenas pensionerTagansxvavebul ricxovnobaze.cxrili 27pensiis mimRebTa raodenoba regionebisa da asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT 2009 welserTeuliregioni 80+ 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 sxva sulsul 112 206 120 811 187 470 148 553 101 281 168 172 838 493q. Tbilisi 24 047 26 022 47 417 38 489 31 138 35 080 202 193aWaris ar 6 318 7 341 12 313 11 483 7 918 18 471 63 844guria 4 913 4 910 7 392 5 524 3 419 5 881 32 039imereTi 21 944 22 949 34 244 26 569 16 334 33 999 156 039kaxeTi 12 731 12 882 18 764 13 405 9 555 14 014 81 351mcxeTa-mTianeTi 3 595 3 775 5 269 4 150 2 286 3 948 23 023raWa-leCxumi daqvemo svaneTi 2 734 2 615 3 067 2 296 1 210 2 405 14 327samegrelo-zemosvaneTi 13 573 14 055 21 098 18 017 10 687 18 984 96 414samcxe-javaxeTi 5 505 6 490 8 586 5 785 3 553 7 384 37 303qvemo qarTli 9 097 10 948 16 254 12 471 8 623 13 087 70 480Sida qarTli 7 749 8 824 13 066 10 364 6 558 14 919 61 480wyaro: saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro.cxrili 28pensionerTa ganawileba sapensio asakis, sqesisa da asakobrivi jgufis mixedviT 2009welsaTasi kacisul qali kacisul 660.0 454.2 205.8maT Soris, asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT, wlebi

pensiis sididearsebuli mdgomareobapensiis odenoba umniSvnelovanes sakiTxs warmoadgens, radgan pensia mosaxleobis amkategoriisaTvis arsebobis ZiriTadi wyaroa.pensiis daniSvna,,saxelmwifo pensiis Sesaxeb’’ saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos moqalaqekaci, romelsac Seusrulda 65 weli, xolo qali, romelsac Seusrulda 60 weli, pensiisdasaniSnad mimarTavs socialuri momsaxurebis saagentos raionul ganyofilebas,registraciis adgilis mixedviT.,,saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb’’ saqarTvelos kanoniT pensiis odenobebia:1. asakis safuZvliT 80 lari;danamati asakis pensiaze, SromiTi staJis gamo:a) 5 wlamde saerTo SromiTi staJis mqone pensionerebisaTvis _ 2 lari;b) 5-dan 15 wlamde saerTo SromiTi staJis mqone pensionerebisaTvis _ 4lari;g) 15-dan 25 wlamde saerTo SromiTi staJis mqone pensionerebisaTvis _ 7lari;d) 25 da meti saerTo SromiTi staJis mqone pensionerebisaTvis _ 10 lari.iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirisaTvis _ devnilisaTvis, romelic dokumenturadver adasturebs SromiT staJs, 2007 wlis 1 seqtembris mdgomareobiTasakis gamo daniSnuli minimaluri saxelmwifo pensiis danamati amave periodidanganisazRvreba Semdegi wesiT:a) devnili kacebisaTvis:a.a) 65-dan 67 wlamde _ 2 lari;a.b) 67-dan 69 wlamde _ 4 lari;a.g) 69-dan 71 wlamde _ 7 lari;a.d) 71 wlidan zeviT – 10 lari.b) devnili qalebisaTvis:ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi:a.a) 60-dan 62 wlamde _ 2 lari;a.b) 62-dan 64 wlamde _ 4 lari;a.g) 64-dan 66 wlamde _ 7 lari;a.d) 66 wlidan zeviT – 10 lari.pensiis sidide ganisazRvreba yovelwliurad, saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb saqarTveloskanoniT.54

3.4. janmrTelobawinamdebare qveTavi exeba genderul gansxvavebebs jandacvis sferoSi.genderuli maCveneblebi janmrTelobis, samedicino momsaxurebis da kvebis racioniskategoriebSi:saxelmwifo biujetis xarjebis procentuli wili, romelic gankuTvniliaqalTa samedicino momsaxurebisaTvis;pirveladi jandacvis dawesebulebaTa ricxvi da maTi xelmisawvdomoba sqesismixedviT;samedicino konsultaciebis ricxvi da hospitalizaciis dReebis raodenobasqesis mixedviT; saavadmyofoSi pacientTa adgilebis raodenobis procentuliSefardeba mosaxleobis raodenobasTan;virusul infeqciebze acril gogonaTa da vaJTa raodenoba;mSobiarobaTa wili, romelic Catarda samedicino personalis daswrebiT.mokvdaoba da sicocxlis xangrZlioba sqesis mixedviT;dedaTa mokvdaobis maCvenebeli (1000 cocxlad Sobilze);axalSobilTa mokvdaobis maCvenebeli da gogonaTa/vaJTa procentuli ganawileba; sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobisTvis mniSvnelovani gadamdebi daavadebebisricxvi an/da prevalenturoba, maT Soris, aiv/Sidsisa, sqesis mixedviT;kaloriebis moxmarebis procentuli wili - aucilebel minimumTan mimarTebaSi,sqesis mixedviT;sasursaTo xarjebis procentuli wili mTlian SemosavalSi sqesis mixedviT;higienasa da sasmel wyalze xelmisawvdomoba sqesis mixedviT.aRniSnuli maCveneblebi miRebul iqna gaeros rekomendaciiT da prioritetulisferoebi ganisazRvra pekinis ZiriTadi samoqmedo platformis safuZvelze (1995) (ix.danarTi a).pekinis samoqmedo platformis (1995) Sesabamisad, gaeros rekomendaciiT miRebuli genderuliindikatorebis aTi klasidan erT-erTi exeba jandacvas. (es ukanaskneli Seicavs mTel rig genderulindikatorebs, Tumca maTi sia jer kidev arasrulia). meores mxriv sxvadasxva qveynebisstatistikuri sistemebis yvela indikatori ar aris asaxuli.janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli Tavi - gansakuTrebulia, radgan igi Seicavs sxvadasxva tipisgenderul indikatorebs. masSi aseve Sedis genderulad diferencirebuli indikatorebi(mag. tuberkulozis aqtiuri formis prevalentoba) da genderuli indikatorebi (mag.abortebis raodenoba, romelic mxolod qalebisTvisaa relevanturi), agreTve, sqesTandakavSirebuli maCveneblebi (bebia-qalebis raodenoba, rac isev mxolod qalebisTvisaarelevanturi).SevecadoT mokvdaobisa da sicocxlis mosalodneli xangrZlivobis analizis sqemisSedgena, rac aucilebelia am movlenis ganviTarebis analizisaTvis kacebsa da qalebSi.indikatori SeirCa misi farTo seqtorTaSorisi maxasiaTeblis mixedviT, radgan statistikurmonacemebSi igi, rogorc wesi, asaxulia TavSi mosaxleobis bunebrivi moZ-55

aobis Sesaxeb, rac amavdroulad, mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli jandacvis sferosTan.pirvel rigSi, saWiroa gamoyenebuli cnebebis anu maCveneblebis Seswavla, romlebicSeiZleba iyos warmodgenili damokidebuli cvladebis saxiT saboloo analizis dros.mokvdaobis zogadi koeficienti gamoiTvleba saangariSo periodis ganmavlobaSigardacvlilTa raodenobis SefardebiT mosaxleobis saSualo wliur raodenobasTan.mokvdaobis maCvenebeli warmoadgens absolutur ricxvs, rac drois gansaz-Rvrul monakveTSi momxdar gardacvalebaTa konkretul raodenobas asaxavs) anmokvdaobis zogad koeficients, rac Seesabameba gardacvlilTa raodenobasyovel 1000 adamianze (rogorc mocemulia 29-e cxrilSi)2009 wels mokvdaobis maCvenebeli qalebSi Seadgenda 9.7-s, rac 1.8 procentuli punqtiTnaklebia kacebTan SedarebiT (11.5).cxrili 29mokvdaobis koeficientebi sqesisa da asakis mixedviT 2009 wels(gardacvalebis SemTxvevebi Sesabamisi sqesis da asakis yovel 1000 adamianze)asaki (wlebSi) qali kaci0-4 3.9 4.45-9 0.3 0.310-14 0.3 0.315-19 0.4 0.620-24 0.7 1.425-29 0.6 2.230-34 0.9 2.835-39 1.2 4.040-44 1.9 6.045-49 2.3 7.550-54 3.4 10.455-59 5.4 12.960-64 9.4 16.865-69 24.4 52.070-74 26.5 43.875-79 53.4 80.180-84 70.1 90.085+ 129.5 177.9sul 9.7 11.5wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011sicocxlis mosalodneli xagrZlivoba dabadebisas warmoadgens indikators, romelicdakavSirebulia mokvdaobasTan da romlis safuZvelzec SesaZlebelia mokvdaobis daadamianis sicocxlis savaraudo xangrZlivobis prognozireba.56

sicocxlis mosalodneli xangrZlivoba 2009 welsqalikaci0 77.7 69.21 77.8 69.45 74.0 65.510 69.1 60.615 64.2 55.720 59.3 50.925 54.5 46.230 49.7 41.735 44.9 37.240 40.1 32.945 35.5 28.850 30.9 24.855 26.4 21.060 22.0 17.365 18.0 13.670 15.0 11.975 11.8 9.280 9.7 7.685+ 7.7 5.6wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011cxrili 30weligansazRvrebebi gviCvenebs, rom orive indikatori mWidro kavSirSia erTmaneTTan da asaxavsmosaxleobis moZraobas, sxvadasxva kuTxiT. radgan es indikatorebi erTi daigive process exeba, nebismieri sxva faqtori, rac gavlenas axdens indikatorze (esganmsazRvreli faqtorebi Sedian analizSi, rogorc damoukidebeli cvladebi) aucilebladmoaxdens gavlenas sxva indikatorze;57

cxrili 31sicocxlis mosalodneli xangrZlivoba dabadebisas (wlebSi)qalebikacebi2000 75.0 67.52001 74.9 68.12002 74.9 68.02003 75.3 68.72004 75.1 67.92005 77.6 70.02006 78.5 69.82007 79.4 70.52008 79.0 69.32009 77.7 69.2wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011CamovTvaloT "mokvdaobisa" da "sicocxlis mosalodneli xangrZlivobis" cvladebisganmsazRvreli faqtorebi.mokvdaobaze gavlenas axdens ZiriTadi socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba: sacxovrebelipirobebi, bunebrivi da socialuri kataklizmebi, bavSvTa mokvdaoba, dabereba daubeduri SemTxvevebi.dasawyisisTvis, CvenTvis naTeli xdeba, rom indikatorebi, romlebic gamoxataven mokvdaobazeda sicocxlis mosalodnel xangrZlivobaze gavlenis mqone faqtorebs, statistikisyvela dargSi arsebobs. amitom ufro mosaxerxebelia maTi analizi funqciurijgufebis mixedviT, statistikur monacemTa klasifikaciis im Tavis Sesabamisad,romelSic Sedian aRniSnuli indikatorebi. saWiroa rac SeiZleba meti faqtorisCarTva, raTa gavaanalizoT TiToeulis gavlenis xarisxi (gamovricxoT faqtorebi, romelTacyvelaze umniSvnelo gavlena gaaCniaT).qvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi mocemulia CamonaTvali savaraudo faqtorebisa, romlebmac,individualurad da koleqtiurad, SeiZleba iqonios gavlena mokvdaobaze. Tumca imisaTvis,rom gavarkvioT gansxvavebis mizezi qalebisa da kacebis mokvdaobis maCveneblebsSoris, saWiroa gavarkvioT, rogoria qalTa da kacTa ganawileba indikatorebismixedviT, rac, Cveni varaudiT, gavlenas axdens mokvdaobaze.58

indikatorTa jgufi, romelsac miekuTvneba TiToeuli indikatori dadgenilia statistikurmonacemTa bazaSi Sesuli jgufebis msgavsad.indikatorebis kategoriamosaxleoba da bunebrivimoZraobaavadobacxovrebis donesocialuri dacvaSromis bazaridanaSaulebrioba daZaladobarogoria ganmsazRvreli faqtorebis maCveneblebimosaxleobis dabereba (koeficienti)Sobadobis donegardacvalebis mizezebiavadoba, romelic gamowveulia: simsivniT sisxlZarRvTa sistemis daavadebiT alkoholizmiT da narkotikebze damokidebulebiT veneriuli daavadebiT infeqciebiTjandacvis momsaxureobebis xelmisawvdomobakeTildReobis/siRaribis done kerZod: ojaxis sidide damokidebulobis koeficienti Semosavlis struqtura xarjebis struqtura, kerZod, sakvebsa da jandacvazexelmisawvdomoba sakvebis moxmarebis struqtura xangrZlivi moxmarebis saojaxo sayofacxovreboteqnikapensiis odenoba sul moxmarebul kalaTasTan mimarTebaSisocialuri dazRvevis sistemaSi monawileobabavSvTa movlisTvis gamoyofili daxmarebis odenobamartoxela adamianTa ganTavseba specialur dawesebulebebSi(moxucebulTa TavSesafrebi, bavSvTa saxlebi)sasicocxlo produqtebis da momsaxurebis SeZenis meqanizmebiSromis anazRaurebadasaqmebis struqtura, umuSevrobamavne samuSao pirobebisamuSao adgilebze momxdari ubeduri SemTxvevebiSeRavaTebi da danamatebi saSiSi pirobebisTvisdanaSaulebriobis done da patimarTa raodenobadanaSaulis msxverpli pirebiojaxSi momxdari Zaladobis SemTxvevebis raodenobasatransporto ubeduri SemTxvevebi da msxverpliadamianebiT vaWroba (trefikingi)59

ganmartebaTa sia vrcelia, ufro metic, misi amowurva SeuZlebelia, radganurTierTdamokidebuleba TiToeuli ganmsazRvreli faqtoris SemTxvevaSi moiTxovsufro didi moculobis monacemebs, vidre es SesaZlebelia am naSromSi. amgvarad, SemdgomSigavaanalizebT kavSirs ramdenime indikators Soris. es Sesruldeba ramdenimeetapad, raTa pasuxebi miviRoT Semdeg kiTxvebze:rogoria Sesaswavli indikatoris arsebuli mniSvneloba qalebisa da kacebisaTvis?rogor aisaxeba gansxvavebebi mokvdaobis maCvenebelSi qalebisa da kacebisaTvis?ramdenad aisaxeba amxsneli indikatorebis gansxvaveba mokvdaobis donissxvaobaze?pirvel rigSi, Cven ufro yuradRebiT unda davakvirdeT monacemebs TviT procesisSesaxeb da SevadginoT misTvis damaxasiaTebeli aspeqtebis CamonaTvali. ufro dawvrilebiTganvixilavT sikvdilis mizezebs, raTa maTi meSveobiT gavaanalizoT mokvdavobazegavlenis mqone mravali sxva sakiTxi.sikvdilis gamomwvevi mizezebiCveni amocanis Sesasruleblad, saWiroa Semdegis gaTvaliswineba:rogoria mokvdaobis struqtura sikvdilis gamomwvevi mizezebis mixedviT?rogoria specifikuri genderuli gansxvavebebi (rogoria sikvdilis yvelazegavrcelebuli mizezebi qalebsa da kacebSi)?roca viTvaliswinebT procentul ganawilebas sikvdilis gamomwvevi mizezebis mixedviTda vcdilobT mizezebis diferencirebas raodenobis mixedviT, naTelia, rom gardacvalebisSemTxvevebis struqtura sikvdilis mizezebis mixedviT ZiriTadadmsgavsia. raodenobis mxriv, orive sqesobriv jgufSi Warbobs sisxlis mimoqcevissistemasTan dakavSirebuli daavadebebis mizeziT gamowveuli sikvdilis SemTxvevebi.meore adgilzea simsivniT gamowveuli gardacvalebis SemTxvevebi, xolo mesameze -infeqciuri da parazituli daavadebebi.mokvdaobis analizis dros sikvdilis mizezebis mixedviT orive sqesobrivijgufisaTvis cal-calke yvelaze didi gansxvaveba vlindeba konkretuli mizeziT gamowveuligardacvalebaTa raodenobaSi qalebsa da kacebSi. qalebis SemTxvevaSi gardacvlilTaraodenoba sisxlis mimoqcevis sistemis daavadebis mizeziT ufromaRalia (gardacvalebis SemTxvevebis 58,1 procenti), kacebTan SedarebiT (52,5 procenti),maSin, roca axalwarmonaqmnebiT gamowveuli gardacvalebaTa procentuliraodenoba Seadgens 10,3 da 11.2 procents Sesabamisad. kacebSi xSiria mokvdaobis gamomwvevisxva faqtorebic.60

gardacvaleba sikvdilis mizezebis mixedviT2009 weliraodenoba %sikvdilis mizezebi qali kaci qali kacicxrili 32mokvdaobiskoeficienti(100 000mosaxlezegaangariSebiT)zogierTi infeqciuri da parazitulidaavadeba 92 236 0.4 1.0 7.4axalwarmonaqmnebi 2 318 2 721 10.3 11.2 1 14.2sisxlisa da sisxlmbadi organoebisda imunuri meqanizmis CaTreviT mimdinarecalkeuli darRvevebi 18 32 0.1 0.1 1.1endokrinuli sistemis, kvebis moSlilobisda nivTierebaTa cvlisdarRvevebis daavadebebi 307 255 1.4 1.1 12.7fsiqikuri da qceviTi aSlilobebi 21 29 0.1 0.1 1.1nerviuli sistemis daavadebebi 184 183 0.8 0.8 8.3sisxlis mimoqcevis sistemis daavadebebi13 026 12 699 58.1 52.5 583.2sunTqvis organoebis daavadebebi 352 414 1.6 1.7 17.4saWmlis momnelebeli organoebisdaavadebebi 345 844 1.5 3.5 27.0ZvalkunTovani sistemisa da SemaerTebeliqsovilis daavadebebi 4 3 0.0 0.0 0.2Sardsasqeso sistemis daavadebebi 112 205 0.5 0.8 7.2orsuloba, mSobiaroba da loginobisxana, abortiT damTavrebuli orsuloba32 0 0.1 0.0 0.7perinatalur periodSi warmoSobilicalkeuli mdgomareobebi 331 456 1.5 1.9 17.8ganviTarebis Tandayolili anomaliebi,deformaciebi da qromosomurianomaliebi 17 22 0.1 0.1 0.9simptomebi, niSnebi da normidan gadaxrebi,gamovlenili klinikuri dalaboratoriuli gamokvlevebisa, romlebicar arian klasificirebulisxva rubrikebSi 4 943 4 803 22.0 19.9 221.0travmebi, mowamvlebi da gareSefaqtorebis zemoqmedebis zogierTisxva Sedegebi 332 1 289 1.5 5.3 36.7sul 22 434 24 191 100.0 100.0 1 057.0wyaro: saqstati61

imisaTvis, rom davadginoT, Tu ra donemde axdens gavlenas sikvdilis gamomwvevimizezebis cvalebadoba mokvdaobis masStabebze, CavatarebT rig maTematikur eqsperimentebs.qvemoT mocemul magaliTSi Cven vawarmoebT gaangariSebas, raTa gavarkvioT ramdenadganapirobebs kacTa da qalTa sikvdilianobas is SemTxvevebi, romelic gamowveuliaubeduri SemTxvevebiT, mowamvliT da travmebiT.zogierTi movlenis gavlena SeiZleba pirdapir gaizomos, rogorc es qvemoT aris mocemuli.maTematikuri TvalsazrisiT, vatarebT eqsperiments da viRebT savaraudo magaliTsimasa, rom travmebiT, mowamvlebiT da gareSe faqtorebis zemoqmedebis zogierTi sxvaSedegebiT daRupul kacTa raodenoba ufro metia, vidre qalebisa. Cven martivad vangariSobTgardacvalebis savaraudo raodenobas im albaTobiT, rom es gansxvaveba ararsebobs da rom im qalebisa da kacebis raodenoba, romlebic travmebiT, mowamvlebiTda gareSe faqtorebis zemoqmedebis zogierTi sxva SedegebiT daiRupnen, Tanabaria.2009 wels, travmebiT, mowamvlebiT da gareSe faqtorebis zemoqmedebis zogierTi sxvaSedegebiT daiRupa 1289 kaci da 332 qali, anu 957-iT meti kaci, vidre qali. imaveperiodSi, gardacvlilebis saerTo raodenoba (gamomwvevi mizezis miuxedavad) 1757-iTmeti iyo kacebSi. amrigad, Tu SevadarebT gardacvlilTa saerTo raodenobas ubeduriSemTxveviT gamowveul gardacvalebaTa ricxvs, vnaxavT rom gardacvlilTa saerToraodenobaSi 5,3% modis gardacvlilebze, romelTa sikvdilis gamomwvevi mizezitravmebi, mowamvlebi da gareSe faqtorebis zemoqmedebis zogierTi sxva Sedegebigaxda. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, Cven SegviZlia ganvacxadoT, rom Tuki ubeduriSemTxveviT gamowveuli mokvdaobis maCvenebeli orive sqesSi erTnairia, mokvdaobismaCveneblis sxvaoba kacebsa da qalebs Soris 5,3 procentiT naklebi unda iyos.amJamad Cven vcdilobT gavaanalizoT urTierTdamokidebuleba mokvdaobasa da mosaxleobasTandakavSirebul zogierT indikators Soris, rogoricaa bunebrivi moZraoba,vinaidan mokvdaoba, rogorc procesi da sicocxlis savaraudo xangrZlivoba, rogorcdakavSirebuli indikatori, pirdapir exeba mosaxleobis daberebis cnebas.mosaxleobis dabereba warmoadgens indikators, romelic gamoxatavs xandazmulTa (60wlisa da ufrosi asakis) raodenobas yovel 100 adamianze.rogor da ramdenad aisaxeba es mokvdaobaze?Tavdapirvelad, mkiTxvelis yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT mokvdaobis donis cvalebadobazeasakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT, rasac gavaanalizebT 4.5 cxrilis meSveobiT. davinaxavT,rom mokvdaobis done sagrZnoblad izrdeba xandazmulobis zrdasTan erTad (garda 0-4asakobrivi jgufisa) da mniSvnelovnad matulobs 50 wlis zemoT asakobriv jgufebSi.Tumca 5-9 da 10-14 asakobrivi jgufebisTvis done Tanabaria da Seadgens 0,3 rogorcqalebSi aseve kacebSi. maSin, roca 75 wlis da ufrosi asakis qalebs Soris maCvenebeli74,2-ia, xolo kacebSi – 94,0.62

mokvdaobis koeficientebi sqesis da asakis mixedviT, 2009 weliAsaki (wlebSi) qali kacisul 9,7 11,50-4 3,9 4,45-9 0,3 0,310-14 0,3 0,315-19 0,4 0,620-24 0,7 1,425-29 0,6 2,230-34 0,9 2,835-39 1,2 4,040-44 1,9 6,045-49 2,3 7,550-54 3,4 10,455-59 5,4 12,960-64 9,4 16,865-69 24,4 52,070-74 26,5 43,875+ 74,2 94,0wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011cxrili 33mokvdaobis donemniSvnelovanwilad izrdebaxandazmulobismatebasTan erTad.kacebSi mokvdaobis doneufro maRalia, vidreqalebSi, yvela asakobrivjgufSirac Seexeba mosaxleobis daberebis process, daberebis koeficienti qalebSi ufromaRalia, vidre kacebSi.mosaxleobis daberebis koeficienti 2009 welicxrili 34wyaro: saqstati(60 wlis da ufrosi asakis mosaxleobisricxovnoba yovel 100 kacze)qali 21.1kaci 15.2axla ki davubrundeT orive procesis gansazRvrebebs. mokvdaobis done gamoxatavsgardacvalebis SemTxvevebis raodenobas, rogorc mosaxleobis saerTo raodenobaSi(mokvdaobis zogadi koeficienti), aseve mosaxleobis zogierT asakobriv jgufSi(mokvdaobis koeficienti asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT) maSin, roca mosaxleobisdaberebis koeficienti gamoxatavs xanSiSesuli adamianebis raodenobas mosaxleobissaerTo raodenobasTan mimarTebaSi. aSkaraa, rom urTierTdamokidebulebis logikasawinaaRmdegos aCvenebs. dabali mokvdaobis maCveneblis da sicocxlis mosalodnelixangrZlivobis ufro maRali maCveneblis mqone mosaxleobas ufro meti cocxladdarCenili adamiani hyavs ufro xandazmul asakSi. amgvarad, daberebis koeficientimaT SemTxvevaSi maRalia.imisaTvis, rom ukeT gaviazroT realuri situacia, SegviZlia ganvixiloT gardacvlilTaraodenoba mTlianad da asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT. rodesac es raodenobaar aris asaxuli statistikur publikaciebSi, misi gaangariSeba SegviZlia mokvdaobisdonis safuZvelze. ramdenadac mokvdaobis done iangariSeba, rogorc gardacvlilTa63

aodenoba aTas adamianze. imisaTvis, rom mokvdaobis SemTxvevebis swori raodenobamiviRoT, viyenebT maTematikur moqmedebas, romelic aris mokvdaobis donis gaangariSebiswesisgan sapirispiro. amrigad, mokvdaobis done mravldeba mTliani mosaxleobisraodenobaze (mokvdaobis zogadi koeficientis SemTxvevaSi) an mosaxleobis raodenobazeasakobriv jgufSi (mokvdaobis done asakobrivi jgufis mixedviT). Semdeg miRebuliraodenoba 1000-ze gaiyofa. gaangariSebis Sedegi mocemulia 35 cxrilSi.gaangariSebis procesSi vxedavT, rom kacTa gardacvalebis SemTxvevebi mTlian raodenobaSiWarbobs, magram ara yvela asakobrivi jgufisaTvis. gardacvlilTa raodenobissafuZvelze vangariSobT kacTa gardacvalebis SemTxvevebis procentul raodenobasgardacvlilTa mTlian raodenobaSi (bolo qverigi cxrilis marjvena nawilSi). amgvarad,2009 wels gardacvlil kacTa raodenoba iyo 51.9 procenti. es 50 procentsaRemateba (ase rom, ufro meti kaci gardaicvala, vidre qali). gansxvaveba yvelazedidia 25-29 wlis asakobriv jgufSi (77,1), maSin, roca 75 wlisa da ufros asakobrivjgufSi gardacvlili qalebis raodenoba metia.amgvarad, kacTa mokvdaobis ufro maRali koeficienti yovelTvis ar niSnavs, rom mocemulperiodSi da mocemul asakobriv jgufSi kacTa gardacvalebis raodenoba arisufro maRali. 75 wels gadacilebulTa asakobriv jgufSi qalTa mokvdaoba Warbobs,Tumca gardacvlilTa mTlian raodenobaSi qalTa gardacvalebis SemTxvevebi ufro naklebia.amasTan, mokvdaobis done kacebSi mainc ufro maRalia, vidre qalebSi imubralo mizezis gamo, rom mamrobiTi sqesis mosaxleobis saerTo raodenoba bevradufro naklebia Sesabamisi asakis mdedrobiTi sqesis mosaxleobaze. es faqti, agreTve,aisaxa mosaxleobis daberebis koeficientSic.asaki(wlebSi)mosaxleobis saSualo wliuri ricxovnoba dagardacvlilTa ricxovnoba, 2009 weliricxovnoba (aTasi)qali kaci qali kacigardacvaleba (erTeuli)cxrili 35kacTa xvedriTi wiligardacvlilTa saerToraodenobaSi, %sul 2 316,1 2 094,8 22 434 24 191 51,9 >500-4 117,7 134,3 454 589 56,5 >505-9 108,3 120,8 35 34 49,3 5015-19 171,0 177,3 65 105 61,8 >5020-24 179,0 183,2 118 252 68,1 >5025-29 168,4 169,6 109 367 77,1 >5030-34 160,1 154,9 140 427 75,3 >5035-39 156,4 146,7 188 588 75,8 >5040-44 156,5 139,9 304 834 73,3 >5045-49 180,1 155,9 416 1 175 73,9 >5050-54 160,0 136,5 550 1 422 72,1 >5055-59 139,7 115,7 749 1 496 66,6 >5060-64 100,2 80,7 940 1 352 59,0 >5065-69 98,6 68,2 2 403 3 548 59,6 >5070-74 117,5 78,6 3 119 3 440 52,4 >5075+ 172,7 90,6 12 807 8 516 39,9

ogor aisaxeba es mokvdaobis doneze?Sobadobis koeficienti warmoadgens mosaxleobis bunebrivi moZraobis kidev erT komponents(mokvdaobasTan erTad). Sesabamisad, es ori procesi urTierTdamokidebulia.aucilebelia Sobadobis donis analizi, raTa ufro Rrmad CavwvdeT mosaxleobis daberebisda mokvdaobis procesebs genderuli niSniT.pirveli kiTxva, romelic moiTxovs pasuxs aris: Tanabaria Tu ara axlad dabadebuligogonebis da biWebis raodenoba. pasuxi uaryofiTia. 2009 wels daibada 30992 gogoda 32385 biWi, anu 1393-iT meti biWi, vidre gogo (ixileT cxrili 36).Sobadobis raodenoba 2009 welscxrili 36sulqalaqigogo 30 992biWi 32 385gogo 21 433biWi 22 230gogo 9 559sofelibiWi 10 155wyaro: statistikuri publikacia “qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 2011.Sobadobis done biWebSiufro maRalia.cocxlad dabadebulyovel 100 gogonazemodis daaxloebiT 105cocxlad dabadebulibiWiCven davinaxeT, rom dabadebul biWTa raodenoba ufro metia, vidre gogonebis. amitom aSkaraa,rom qveda asakobriv jgufSi biWebis raodenoba Warbobs. 37-e cxrilis meoTxe mwkrivis0-4 asakobriv jgufSi mdedrobiTi sqesis mosaxleoba mxolod 46.7 procents Seadgens.Asakis zrdasTan erTad qalTa wili mTlian mosaxleobaSi izrdeba ise, rom 25-29 wlis asakobrivjgufSi 49.8 procenti da 30-34 wlis asakobriv jgufSi ukve naxevarze metia (50.8procenti), xolo 75 wels gadacilebulTa asakobriv jgufSi 65.6 procents Seadgens.amgvarad, ricxobrivi gansxvaveba dabadebisas nawilobriv abalansebs mokvdaobis doneebsSoris sxvaobas sqesobriv WrilSi. imisaTvis, rom davinaxoT aRniSnuli dabalansebisefeqti, CavataroT martivi gaangariSeba, romelmac SeiZleba asaxos mamrobiTisqesis mosaxleobis raodenoba, Tuki dabadebul biWTa da gogonaTa ricxvi iqnebodaerTmaneTis toli. radgan dabadebuli biWebis da gogonebis Tanafardoba aris 105 /100, anu biWebis raodenoba 5 procentiT metia, kacTa hipoTezuri raodenoba dabadebulTasqesobrivi maCveneblis tolobis SemTxvevaSi gaangariSdeba 5 procentis gamoklebiTmamrobiTi sqesis mosaxleobis realuri raodenobidan. (am gaangariSebisSedegi mocemulia cxrilSi 37, rogorc adamianTa hipoTezuri raodenoba). davinaxavT,rom qalebi miaRwevdnen mosaxleobis hipoTezuri raodenobis 53.8 procents,im SemTxvevaSi Tu dabadebisas raodenobrivi gansxvaveba kacTa sasargeblod ar iqnebodagadaxrili da maTi wili mosaxleobis mTlian raodenobaSi SesaZlebelia yofiliyo1.3 procentze naklebic.65

cocxlad dabadebulTa raodenobis gansxvavebebis gavlena sqesis mixedviTcxrili 37asaki(wlebSi)saSualo wliuri mosaxleobaqali kaci qali%mosaxleobis hipotezuriraodenobaqalTa %kacTamTlianmTlianimosaxleobaSiraodenobacocxlad dabadebulTaraodenobebSi arsebulisxvaobis gamo, qalebisricxvi naklebia umcrosjgufebSi da upiratesobaSeimCneva 30 wlisa daufrosi asakis mosaxleobaSisul 2 316.1 2 094.8 52.5 1 990.1 53.80-4 117.7 134.3 46.7 127.6 48.05-9 108.3 120.8 47.3 114.8 48.510-14 129.9 141.9 47.8 134.8 49.115-19 171.0 177.3 49.1 168.4 50.420-24 179.0 183.2 49.4 174.0 50.725-29 168.4 169.6 49.8 161.1 51.130-34 160.1 154.9 50.8 147.2 52.135-39 156.4 146.7 51.6 139.4 52.940-44 156.5 139.9 52.8 132.9 54.145-49 180.1 155.9 53.6 148.1 54.950-54 160.0 136.5 54.0 129.7 55.255-59 139.7 115.7 54.7 109.9 56.060-64 100.2 80.7 55.4 76.7 56.665-69 98.6 68.2 59.1 64.8 60.370-74 117.5 78.6 59.9 74.7 61.175+ 172.7 90.6 65.6 86.1 66.7wyaro: saqstatiCveni saboloo daskvnebi mokvdaobis processa da bunebrivi moZraobis sxva iseT komponentebsSoris, rogoricaa Sobadobis done da mosaxleobis dabereba, aseTia:mimarTeba mosaxleobis mokvdaobasa da daberebas Soris urTierTdamokidebulia, risimizezicaa mikerZoebuloba TviTon daberebis procesTan mimarTebaSi, radgan mamrobiTisqesis mosaxleobis TiToeul asakobriv jgufSi mokvdaobis ufro maRali donefiqsirdeba (ufro dabali sicocxlis savaraudo xangrZlivobaa saSualo asakamde),rac sabolood gvaZlevs xanSiSesulTa (60 wlis da ufrosi asakis pirTa) ufronakleb raodenobas yovel 100 adamianze (daberebis koeficienti);gamomdinare daSvebidan, rom avadobis procesi (daavadebaTa SemTxvevebi) dakavSirebuliajandacvis sistemasTan da amave dros warmoadgens mokvdaobis ganmsazRvrel erTerTfaqtors, naTelia, rom janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli aspeqtebi agreTve undagavaanalizoT mokvdaobis srulad Seswavlis mizniT.avadoba, rogorc indikatori, warmoadgens Tanafardobas daavadebul adamianTa raodenobasada mosaxleobis saerTo raodenobas Soris drois konkretul periodsa dakonkretuli teritoriis farglebSi.rogoria gavlena?sikvdilis mizezebis gaanalizebisas vxedavT, rom isini daavadebebiTaa gamowveuli. eski avadobis SemTxvevebs warmoadgens.66

Cveni kvlevis miznebisaTvis saWiroa davadginoT:rogoria sxvaoba, ra gansxvavebaa avadmyofi qalebis da kacebis raodenobebsSoris?ramdenad intensiuria es procesi orive jgufSi? magaliTad, avadmyofobisramdeni axali SemTxvevaa fiqsirebuli drois garkveul periodSi?SemdgomSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqceva im kategoriis daavadebebs, romlebicdaavadebaTa umravlesobas iwvevs.zog SemTxvevaSi urTierTdamokidebuleba ar aris pirdapiri da masSi mravali sxvafaqtoria CarTuli, ris gamoc, zusti Sefaseba aRniSnuli gavlenisa rTulia, amitomubralod aRiniSneba, rom arsebobs garkveuli gavlena. magaliTisaTvis gavaanalizebTxsenebuli kategoriis daavadebebs, kerZod, mdgomareobas tuberkulozTan dakavSirebiT.monacemebi tuberkuloziT daavadebis SemTxvevebze warmodgenilia rogorc koeficientis(axali SemTxvevebis raodenoba 100000 mosaxleze), aseve absoluturi ricxvissaxiT.SevecadoT da aRvweroT sawyisi mdgomareoba. rogorc gavarkvieT, 2009 wels daregistrirebuliqna tuberkulozis 1366 axali SemTxveva qalebSi da 3052 kacebSi, amgvaradavadobis SemTxveva kacebSi 2,23-jer metia.orive jgufSi dafiqsirebul daavadebulTa Soris, did umravlesobas Seadgenda filtvistuberkulozis mgb(+) forma, 1570 axali SemTxveva dafiqsirda kacebSi, xolo 506SemTxveva - qalebSi. analogiuri mdgomareobaa tuberkulozis gavrcelebis mxrivacsul registrirebul daavadebulebSi: filtvis tuberkulozis mgb(+) formis 2431SemTxvevaa registrirebuli kacebSi da 621 SemTxveva – qalebSi. rac Seexeba filtvgareSetuberkulozs, aq dafiqsirda tuberkulozuri plevritis 422 axali SemTxvevakacebSi da 243 - qalebSi.tuberkulozis axali SemTxvevebis raodenobacxrili 38SemTxvevebis procentiraodenobaqali kaci qali kacituberkulozis axali SemTxvevebi, sul 1 366 3 052 100 100maT Soris:filtvis tuberkulozi mgb(+) 506 1 570 37.0 51.4filtvis tuberkulozi mgb(-) 348 732 25.5 24.0baqterioskopiis gareSe 19 24 1.4 0.8filtvgareSe tuberkulozi 493 726 36.1 23.8wyaro: saqstati.67

aseve gavaanalizoT meore aspeqti, romelsac, rogorc vivaraudeT, arapirdapiri gavlenaaqvs mokvdaobis procesze, aqtiuri tuberkuloziT avadobis kuTxiT. 2010 wels,qveyanaSi registrirebulia 1174 qali da 22510 kaci patimari. kaci patimrebis raodenoba19-jer aWarbebs qalebisas. tuberkulozi ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia patimarkacebs Soris da Seadgens saSualod 101 daavadebuls Tvis ganmavlobaSi. es aris qveyanaSituberkuloziT daavadebulTa daaxloebiT 2,3 procenti.Tavi IV. sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebuli statistikuri monacemebis gamoyeneba genderulianalizisTvis da saxelmwifo politikis mosalodneli Sedegebis Sefaseba genderuliTvalsazrisiT4.1. genderuli Tanasworoba da genderuli meinstrimingi saxelmwifo politikasa dastrategiaSigenderuli Tanasworoba gulisxmobs kacisa da qalis Tanabar mopyrobas. misi uzrunvelyofisTvisxSirad aucilebelia sagangebo zomebis gatareba qalTa winaSe mdgari istoriulida socialuri problemebis dasaZlevad, romelic qalebs arasaxarbielomdgomareobaSi ayenebs da xels uSlis maT isargeblon imave SesaZleblobebiT, riTicsargebloben kacebi. iTvleba, rom sqesTa Tanasworoba warmoadgens genderuli Tanasworobisganxorcielebis erT-erT princips 6 .rodesac vsaubrobT genderul Tanasworobaze, vgulisxmobT imas, rom yvela adamiansaqvs Tavisufleba ganaviTaros sakuTari SesaZleblobebi, isargeblos Tanabari uflebebiTda gaakeTos arCevani SezRudvebis gareSe, romelic socialuri stereotipebiTa damolodiniT ar aris ganpirobebuli da emyareba tradiciul genderul rolebsa dawarmodgenebs. igi iTvaliswinebs im garemoebas, rom aucilebelia kacisa da qalisgansxvavebuli qcevis, miznebisa da moTxovnilebebis mxedvelobaSi miReba, Sefaseba daTanabrad xelSewyoba. es imas ar niSnavs, rom gaigivebulia qali da kaci, aramed imas,rom TiToeuli maTgani sargeblobs igive TavisuflebiT sakuTari miswrafebebisganxorcielebaSi 7 .aucilebelia imis xazgasma, rom rogorc adre, axlac SeiZleba Tanasworobis TeoriulganzomilebaSi gadatana da misi interpretireba gansxvavebuli saxiT. Tanamedrove dafarTod aRiarebuli ganzogadeba Tanasworobisa ganasxvavebs sam gansxvavebul midgomas:1. formaluri Tanasworoba. formaluri Tanasworoba procedurulia Tavisi xasiaTiTda gulisxmobs Tanamimdevrulobis principis dacvas adamianebTan mimarTebaSi.erTmaneTis msgavs adamianebs erTnairad unda moepyran da ara maTi xasiaTis Tvisebidangamomdinare, romelic konkretuli situaciisTvis SesaZloa relevanturi ar iyos.formaluri Tanasworobis praqtikaSi gatareba xdeba diskriminaciis akrZalviT. misiganxorcieleba SeiZleba Sefasdes diskriminaciis individualuri SemTxvevebis gavrcelebisSefasebis gziT.2. Sedegebis Tanasworoba. Sedegebis Tanasworoba Tavisi bunebiT faqtobrivia da exebagatarebuli politikis saboloo Sedegebs, romelic miznad isaxavs resursebisa daprivilegiebis Tanabar gadanawilebas.Sedegebis Tanasworobas praqtikaSi uzrunvelyofs Tanasworuflebianobis ganmamtkicebelisaxelmwifo politikisa da zomebis gatareba. misi ganxorcielebis SefasebaSesaZlebelia gavlenis statistikuri Sefasebis meTodebis gamoyenebiT.Sedegebis Tanasworobis praqtikuli ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiroa iseTi RonisZiebebis6.CIDA, 1996: IGWG, 20027.ILO, 2000; IGWG, 200268

gatareba, romelic scildeba antidiskriminaciuli kanonebisa da politikis ganxorcielebisfarglebs da moiTxovs Tanasworobis xelSemwyobi saxelmwifo politikisgatarebasa da sxva qmediT RonisZiebebs 8 . Sedegebis Tanasworobis ganxorcielebis SefasebaSesaZlebelia statistikuri meTodebiT, romelic Seafasebs, magaliTad, sxvaobasqalisa da kacis Semosavalsa da keTildReobis dones Soris.3. Tanabari SesaZleblobebi. midgoma Tanabari SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb garkveulwiladabalansebs pirvel or midgomas da warmoadgens strategias, romelic uzrunvelyofsTanabari SesaZleblobebiT sazogadoebis yvela wevrs, rom maT SeeZloT monawileobamiiRon sazogadoebaSi mimdinare procesebSi da isargeblon iseTi sferoebis momsaxurebiT,rogoricaa: ganaTleba, dasaqmeba, jandacva da a.S.Tanabari SesaZleblobebis praqtikuli ganxorcieleba xdeba diskriminaciis gamomwvevimizezebis aRmofxvriT da Tanasworobaze orientirebuli zomebis gatarebiT. misi SefasebarTulia, da miaxloebiT utoldeba Tanafardobas formaluri Tanasworobis zomasada Sedegebis Tanasworobas Soris.es midgoma miznad isaxavs qalisa da kacis maqsimalur daaxloebas sawyis etapze,iseTi zomebis gamoyenebiT, rogoricaa diskriminaciuli stereotipebisa da mcdari warmodgenebisSecvla da uTanasworobiT gamowveuli uaryofiTi garemoebebis kompensaciaTanasworobaze orientirebuli saqmianobis ganxorcielebiT. Tanabari SesaZleblobebisSefaseba zustad SeuZlebelia: Teoriulad igi SeiZleba Sefasdes qalTa da kacTajgufebSi amJamad arsebuli Sedegebis SefasebiT, visac gaaCnia Tanabari SesaZleblobebida faseulobebi, Tumca aRniSnuli cvladebis kalkulacia rTulia. es aris mizeziimisa, rom xSirad gamoiyeneba formaluri Tanasworobisa da Sedegebis TanasworobisSefasebis dros gamoyenebuli meTodebi, Tanabari SesaZleblobebis daaxloebiT gamosaTvlelad.9Tanasworobis gansxvavebuli interpretaciebi asaxavs socialuri samarTlianobisgansxvavebul cnebebs da konkretul gadawyvetilebebs konkretul sazogadoebaSi.praqtikaSi, igi gamomdinareobs gabatonebuli kulturuli, politikuri da socialurigaremodan 10 .amrigad, zogadad, genderuli Tanasworobis politikis gasatareblad aucilebelia oritipis uerTierTSemavsebeli strategiis arseboba, kerZod: (zogadad Tanasworobisa daemansipaciis xelSewyobaze mimarTuli) qalTa sakiTxebze orientirebuli politika dasagangebo zomebi, romelic aucilebelia sazogadoebaSi arsebuli uTanasworobis aRmosafxvrelad;da genderuli meinstrimingi yvela saxelmwifo politikaSi, strategiasada programebSi, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnas genderuli Tanasworobis dacva da propaganda.gansxvaveba or urTierTSemavsebel strategiebs Soris kompleqsuri saxiT mocemuliaqvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi:8.Sedegebis Tanasworobis mxardamWerebi sakmaod kritikulebi arian formaluri Tanasworobis Sesaxeb,radgan, praqtikaSi, identurma mopyrobam SeiZleba gaaRrmaos arsebuli uTanasworoba, romelic warsulian amJamindeli diskriminaciis an sxva saxis naklovanebis Sedegia.9.uTanasworobis gansxvavebuli interpretaciebis Sesaxeb damatebiTi informaciisaTvis ixileT: SandraFredman, “Discrimination Law” (Oxform: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 1‐26 da Martin MacEwen, “TacklingRacism in Europe: An Examination of Anti‐Discrimination Law in Practice” (Oxford: Berg, 1995), pp. 22‐25.10.arsebobs Tanasworobis Teoriebis ganxilvis gansxvavebuli gzebi. magaliTad, kristofer makkrudeni(Christopher McCrudden) ganasxvavebs Tanasworobis Semdeg oTx ganzomilebas, romelic erTmaneTsnawilobriv faravs: socialuri Tanasworoba individis doneze, socialuri Tanasworoba jgufis doneze,Tanasworoba, rogorc identurobis aRiareba da Tanasworoba, rogorc monawileoba. ix. ChristopherMcCrudden, “Thinking about the Discrimination Directives”, European Anti‐Discrimination Law Review, Issue No 1,April 2005.69

qalTa uflebamosilebis gazrdaganxorcielebis miznebi:qalTa SesaZleblobebisa da mopyrobisTanasworobis uzrunvelyofa Tanasworobisganmtkicebisa da mis xelSewyobazeorientirebuli zomebis saSualebiT.gansakuTrebuli aqcenti keTdeba:qalebze (rogorc specialur miznobrivjgufze)sagangebo zomebi gulismobs:proeqtebsa da programebs qalebisTvis.strategia:urTierTSemavsebel midgomebs eyrdnoba;ar moicavs kacebs.genderuli meinstrimingisocialuri genderis TvalsazrisiTTanasworuflebiani sazogadoeba;qalTa da kacTa specifikuri moTxovnilebebi.genderul urTierTobebze;socialur struqturebze.genderul meinstrimings yvela sakiTxSiyvela doneze;qalebisa da kacebis gaTviTcnobierebulobisamaRlebas aRniSnul sakiTxebSi;genderuli analizis ganxorcielebassxvadasxva doneebze.eyrdnoba seqtorTa Soris strategias;aanalizebs da ganixilavs genderuli neitralobissakiTxs;pasuxismgeblobas aniWebs rogorc qalebs,aseve kacebs.qalTa xelSewyoba da genderuli meinstrimingi urTierTSemavsebelia.genderuli meinstrimingi gulisxmobs genderuli aspeqtebis CarTvas yvela mimar-Tulebis politikaSi, programaSi, praqtikasa Tu gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi,raTa, nebismier etapze da ganxorcielebis nebismier doneze, gaanalizdes Tu rogoriiqneba Sedegebi kacebisa da qalebisaTvis da moqmedeba mimarTul iqnas arsebuliuTanasworobis aRmofxvraze.saxelmwifo politikis SemuSavebaSi CarTuli pirebisTvis, genderuli perspeqtivisCarTva saxelmwifo politikasa da strategiebSi gulisxmobs imis mudmiv analizs, Turogori iqneba Sedegebi qalebisa da kacebisaTvis maTi ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi darogor moxdeba am procesSi wamoWrili problemebis gadawyveta. es imas niSnavs, rommxedvelobaSi unda iqnas miRebuli qalisa da kacis urTierToba kompleqsurad, undaganxilul iqnas gansxvavebuli garemo, romelSic isini arseboben da gaazrebul iqnasis, rom saWiroa maTi gansxvavebuli mxareebis analizi.genderuli meinstrimingis strategia gansxvavdeba Tanaswori SesaZleblobebis Sesaxebaqamde arsebuli midgomebisgan, romlebic ZiriTadad qalTa sasargeblod mimarTulikonkretuli zomebis ganxorcielebas gulisxmobda. es mniSvnelovania, magram aRniSnulimidgomebis saSualebiT ver xerxdeba profesiul da ojaxur cxovrebaSi arsebulistruqturuli uTanasworobebis gamosworeba, romelic xels uSlis qalebismonawileobas Sromis bazarze da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.rogorc ukve aRiniSna, mniSvnelovania imis xazgasma, rom genderuli meinstrimingiavsebs konkretul programebs, romelic qalebzea orientirebuli da orive maTganiurTierTdakavSirebulia. maSin roca genderuli Tanasworobis xelSemwyobi politikayalibdeba im problemebis gadasaWrelad, romelic genderuli diskriminaciisa Tu istoriuliuTanasworobis Sedegadaa warmoSobili, genderuli meinstrimingi warmoadgenssistematur strategias, romelic gulisxmobs zogadi aqcentis gadatanasgenderul Tanasworobaze, sazogadoebrivi politikis grZelvadiani uzrunvelyofismizniT.70

4.2. genderuli analizigenderuli analizi warmoadgens genderuli perspeqtivis integrirebis instrumentssazogadoebriv politikasa da programebSi, romelic aucilebelia, aRniSnuli sazogadoebrivipolitikisa da programebis ganxorcielebis adgilobrivi konteqstisgansazRvrisa da genderuli Tanasworobis xelSewyobisTvis. is Seicavs meTodebs, romelicSeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas genderuli uTanasworobis, genderuli gansxvavebebisada urTierTobebis socialuri da ekonomikuri Sedegebis gamovlenisa da interpretirebisTvis,imisaTvis, rom Semcirdes es gansxvavebebi politikis da programebisganxorcielebiT.genderuli analizi Semdegi komponentebisagan Sedgeba:1. qalisa da kacis mier yvela tipis resursebze xelmisawvdomobisa da im genderuligansxvavebebis Seswavla, romelic arsebobs gadawyvetilebis miRebis doneze. aseTikvleva moiTxovs genderulad diferencirebuli raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi monacemebisarsebobas, imisTvis, rom moxdes aRniSnuli gansxvavebebis swori Sefaseba.magaliTi, 2009 wels saqarTveloSi qalis saSualo xelfasi 42.3 procentiT Camouvardebodakacis saSualo xelfass.2009 wels qalebis warmomadgenloba parlamentSi Seadgenda mxolod 5.0 procents,xolo adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoSi _ sakrebuloSi arCeuli wevrebismxolod 11.9 procents.2. genderuli indikatorebisa da statistikuri monacemebis Seswavla, romelic xelsSeuwyobs miRweuli progresis Sefasebas an problemuri sakiTxebis gamovlenas genderuliperspeqtivis TvalsazrisiT. aRniSnuli moiTxovs qalsa da kacs Soris arsebuligansxvavebebis siRrmiseul Seswavlas, genderuli niSniT diferencirebuli monacemebisSedegebis mixedviT.magaliTi, sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebuli monacemebi dasaqmebis Sesaxeb gviCvenebs,rom naxevar ganakveTze momuSave qalebSi karieruli svlis Sewyveta ufro xSiria,vidre kacebSi.Rrma analizi gamoavlens arsebul uTanasworobas, romelic qalisa da kacis statusTanaadakavSirebuli: radgan ufro meti qalia dakavebuli bavSvebis movliT, vidrekaci, qalebs xSirad uwevT samuSao ganakveTis Semcireba, an sulac samuSao bazris datovebagarkveuli droiT. gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca ar arsebobs sakmarisi dawesebulebebibavSvebis movlisa da aRzrdisTvis.3. ufro farTo socialuri konteqstis Seswavla da gaazreba, romelSic vlindeba genderuliuTanasworoba.magaliTi, genderuli sakiTxebis kavSiris Seswavla sxva faqtorebTan, rogoricaa:asaki, religia, ganaTlebis done.4. politikis an programis/procesebis TiToeul etapze qalsa da kacs Sorisgansxvavebebis detaluri Seswavla. 11magaliTi, sqesis niSnis mixedviT diferencirebuli monacemebi Cveulebriv gviCvenebstuberkuloziT daavadebisa da am daavadebiT gamowveuli mokvdaobis gacilebiT maRaldones kacebs Soris, qalebTan SedarebiT. Tumca, genderuli analizis gareSe, ar aris11.Uplekar, M., Pathania, V. & Ravinglione, M. – “private practitioners and public health: weak links in tuberculosiscontrol”- Lancat 358, 2001, pages 912 – 916.71

naTeli, aRniSnuli genderuli gansxvavebebi faqtobrivia Tu garkveuli barierebiTaagamowveuli diagnozis dasmisa da mkurnalobis procesSi.genderma SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos imaze, Tu rogor aRiqvamen qalebi da kacebi simptomebs,ramdenad mimarTaven profesiul daxmarebasa da samedicino dawesebulebebs,rogor xdeba maTi diagnostika, maTi mxridan mkurnalobis dawyeba da pozitiuri Tunegatiuri Sedegebis miReba. TiToeuli aseTi kvlevis genderuli analizi SesaZloadagvexmaros im sferoebis/etapebis dadgenaSi, sadac qalsa da kacs Soris uTanasworobisSemcirebaze orientirebuli zomebis miReba yvelaze metad efeqtiani iqneba.amitom, informacia, romelic miiReba genderuli analizis Sedegad, amJRavnebs genderuluTanasworobas. aseTi monacemebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia sxva uTanasworobisSesaswavlad, romelic warmodgeba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis, asakisa Tu eTnikuriwarmomavlobidan.aRniSnuli monacemebi gvexmareba ukeTesi gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi politikisa daprogramebis dagegmvisa da ganxorcielebis dros, iseTi Sedegebis misaRwevad, romelicTanabrad moutans sargeblobas erTian miznobriv jgufs, romelic, Cveulebriv, moicavsqalebsa da kacebsac.organizaciam “Status of Women Canada/Condition Feminine Canada” (qalTa mdgomareobakanadaSi), moamzada saxelmZRvanelo dokumenti genderuli analizis ganxorcielebisSesaxeb 12 . dokumentSi rekomendebulia rva safexuriani meTodis gamoyeneba, romelicSeafasebs politikis, programisa Tu kanonis gansxvavebul gavlenas qalebsa dakacebze. aseTi modelis SemuSavebisas, kanadeli eqspertebi eyrdnobian im mosazrebas,rom politikis, programisa da kanonis gansxvavebuli Sedegebi qalebisa da kacebisaTvis,xSirad dafarulia da Znelad amosacnobia. roca genderuli perspeqtiva sagangebodaagamokveTili, gacilebiT izrdeba ‘‘uaryofiTi” Sedegis gamovlenis SesaZlebloba.magaliTad, mTavrobis movaleobaa uzrunvelyos is, rom sazogadoebrivi politika,programebi da kanonmdebloba Tanabrad samarTliani iyos qalebisa da kacebis mimarT.aRniSnuli movaleobis Sesruleba SeuZlebelia genderuli analizis ganxorcielebisgareSe maTi SemuSavebis etapze. qvemoT moviyvanT rva safexuriani modelis mokle aRwerilobas:safexuri 1: problemis gamovlena, gansazRvra da analizi – konkretul politikazedayrdnobiT, iwyeba konkretuli problemisa Tu ganviTarebis SesaZleblobis gamovlena.aRniSnuli etapi moiTxovs problemis xasiaTis, miznisa da mniSvnelobis gamovlenaspolitikis ganmaxorcieleblis miznebisa da sxva arsebuli saxelmwifo programulimimarTulebebis konteqstSi.genderuli aspeqtebi:problemisa da miznobrivi jgufis gansazRvra, kacisa da qalis gansxvavebuligamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT;politika, programebi da kanonmdebloba ar unda uwyobdes xels genderulistereotipebisa da diskriminaciis gaZlierebas;mxedvelobaSi unda iqnas miRebuli maTi SesaZlo gavlena kacebsa da qalebze;problemis gamovlenis procesSi kacebi da qalebi Tanabrad unda iyvnen Car-Tuli: ras fiqroben problemis Sesaxeb qalTa organizaciebi da genderulisakiTxebis eqspertebi? rogoria sazogadoebrivi azri aRniSnulTan mimarTebaSi?rogoria qalebisa da kacebis monawileobis done problemis gamovlenis12.Gender –based analysis: A guide for policy-making; Status of Women Canada/Condition feminine Canada; September1998.72

procesSi?asaki, socialuri statusi da sxva faqtorebi cvlis qalisa da kacisgansxvavebul gamocdilebebs (magaliTad, orsuloba, mSoblis movaleobebi,sapensio asaki); kulturuli, ekonomikuri, politikuri, samarTlebrivi da socialurekonomikurifaqtorebi, romelic gavlenas axdens genderul TanasworobazeaRniSnul sferoSi.safexuri 2: mosalodneli Sedegebis gansazRvra – mosalodneli da arasasurveliSedegebis anlizi Cveulebriv gulisxmobs imis dadgenas, Tu ramdenad Seuwyobs xelsan daabrkolebs konkretuli politika sxva miznebis an programuli mimarTulebebisganxorcielebas. am etapze ganixilaven indikatorebs, monitoringis process, partniorebs,valdebulebebs, romelic aucilebelia dasaxuli miznebis misaRwevad.genderuli aspeqtebi:sxvadasxva zomebis miReba SeiZleba iqnes saWiro qalebisa da kacebisaTvissamarTliani Sedegebis misaRwevad;gansxvavebuli Sedegebis mxedvelobaSi miReba genderuli aspeqtebis gasaTvaliswineblad;saWiroa gaanalizdes is Sedegebi, romelTa miRebasac varaudoben politikisganmaxorcieleblebi, miznobrivi jgufebi da sazogadoebrivi azri, imisaTvis,rom uzrunvelyofil iqnas kacebisa da qalebis Sexedulebebis gaTvaliswineba;sxva Sedegebis msgavsad, iseTive yuradReba daeTmos Sedegebs, romelic konkretuladqalebs exeba;Sefasebisa da monitoringis dros gasaTvaliswinebelia Sedegebis genderuliaspeqtebi;aucilebelia Sedegebis Sefasebis iseTi indikatorebis gamoyeneba, romelicgenderul perspeqtivasac moicavs.safexuri 3: informaciisa da sakonsultacio wyaroebis gansazRvra – miznad isaxavsmonacemTa wyaroebis dadgenas, konkretuli politikis saWiroebis dasasabuTeblad.genderuli aspeqtebi:Segrovebuli monacemebi unda iyos genderulad diferencirebuli;aucilebelia qalTa organizaciebTan konsultaciebi an genderuli aspeqtebisgaTvaliswineba;aucilebelia sakonsultacio procesSi qalebisa da kacebis Tanabari CarTulobisuzrunvelyofa.safexuri 4: kvlevis ganxorcieleba – unda ganisazRvros kvlevis gegma da analizistipi (danaxarjebisa da sargeblis Sefaseba, socialuri efeqti da a.S.)genderuli aspeqtebi:kvlevis TematikaSi gansakuTrebuli aqcenti unda gakeTdes qalebsa da73

kacebze, rodesac kvleva exeba maTTan dakavSirebul konkretul garemoebebs;kvlevis meTodologia unda moicavdes genderul aspeqts, rogorc socialurprocesebSi garkvevis analitikur instruments;saWiroa angariSebis, kvlevebis da saxelmZRvanelo dokumentebis gamoyeneba,romelic specialur genderul meTodologias eyrdnoba.safexuri 5: alternativebis ganviTareba da analizi – kvlevis dros gamovlenili alternativebisganmarteba da analizi xorcieldeba maTi SesaZlo efeqtisa da urTierTdamokidebulebisgaTvaliswinebiT politikis sxva mimarTulebebze, programebsa da kanonmdeblobaze.genderuli aspeqtebi:rogoria qalebze da kacebze orientirebuli variantebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTimxareebi?ramdenad myardeba an icvleba genderuli stereotipebi;rogor Seuwyobs xels SerCeuli alternativebi genderul Tanasworobas darogor moxdeba maTi saSualebiT genderuli diskriminaciis Semcireba;rogori Sedegebi eqneba ama Tu im alternativis miRebas an mis uaryofaskacebisa an qalebisaTvis;konkretuli genderuli zomebis gaTvaliswineba TiToeuli alternativisTvis.safexuri 6: rekomendaciis Sesruleba/gadawyvetilebis miReba alternativebTan dakavSirebiTgenderuli aspeqtebi:genderuli Tanasworoba unda gaxdes mniSvnelovani elementi sarekomendacioalternativis SerCevisas;yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom rekomendebuli alternativa ar moicavdessamarTlebriv, ekonomikur, socialur an kulturul dabrkolebebs gansaz-Rvruli RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebisas dabalansebuli genderulimonawileobis uzrunvelyofis mxriv;uzrunvelyofa imisa, rom rekomendebuli alternativebi xels uwyobdes genderuladmgrZnobiare politikis ganxorcielebas.safexuri 7: politikis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrceleba – mniSvnelovania periodis,masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis da terminologiis SerCeva da sazogadoebis Car-Tuloba imisaTvis, rom ganmaxorcielebelTa miznebi da politikis/programis/kanonmdeblobis gavlena kargad iqnas gagebuli.genderuli aspeqtebi:gzavnili Tanabrad unda iyos gamiznuli qalebisa da kacebisaTvis;komunikaciis strategiis SemuSaveba, romelic exeba rogorc qalebs, asevekacebs;74

ganisazRvros informaciis miwodebis gzebi qalebisa da kacebisaTvis;xazi gaesvas politikis mosalodnel genderul Sedegebs;komunikaciaSi gamoyenebuli magaliTebi, terminologia da simboloebi undaiyos genderulad mgrZnobiare.safexuri 8: analizis xarisxis Sefaseba – analitikuri procesis mimoxilva.genderuli aspeqtebi:genderuli meinstrimingi analizSi;genderuli TvalsazrisiT mosalodneli Sedegebis gansazRvra politikiskonteqstSi;TiToeuli alternativisTvis mosalodneli genderuli Sedegebis naTlad gansazRvra,imis miTiTebiT, Tu rogor uwyobs xels genderul Tanasworobasada qalTa damoukideblobis gaZlierebas rekomendebuli alternativa.4.3 genderuli zegavlenis Sefasebakidev erT meTods, romelic uzrunvelyofs saxelmwifo politikisa da programebisganxorcielebis Sedegad miznobriv jgufSi Semavali qalebisa da kacebisaTvis Tanabarisargebelis motanas, warmoadgens genderuli zegavlenis Sefaseba 13 . es ukanaskneli undaganxorcieldes rac SeiZleba male rogorc ki dadgindeba, rom esa Tu is programa/proeqti genderuli xasiaTis matarebelia. aseTi analizi ufro warmatebulia, rocamisi gaTvaliswineba xdeba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesis adreul etapze, rocaiqmneba da igegmeba politikis/programebis/proeqtebis momzadeba. genderuli zegavlenisSefaseba SeiZleba aseve mosdevdes dokumentis sawyisi variantis SemuSavebis etaps daganxorcieldes politikis/programis/proeqtis SemuSavebis nebismier momentSi. aucileblobisamebr,genderuli zegavlenis Sefasebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios arsebiTi cvlilebebi.genderuli Tanasworobis Sefaseba gulisxmobs saTanado politikis gatarebis SedegadSeqmnili mdgomareobis, tendenciebis da mosalodneli Sedegebis Sedarebas da analizsgenderuli kriteriumebis Sesabamisad.genderuli zegavlenis Sefasebis kriteriumebi:1. gansxvavebebi qalsa da kacs Soris strategiis/politikis sferoSi, kerZod: monawileoba (erTobliobis/samizne jgufis Semadgenloba, sqesis, gadawyvetilebismimReb poziciebze qalebisa da kacebis warmomadgenlobis mixedviT);resursebi (iseTi ZiriTadi resursebis ganawileba, rogoricaa: dro, sivrce,informacia, fuli, politikuri da ekonomikuri Zalaufleba, ganaTleba daswavleba, samsaxuri da profesiuli kariera, axali teqnologiebi, janmrTelobisdacvis momsaxureba, sacxovrisi, satransporto saSualebebi, Tavisufalidro);13.ix. “A Guide to Gender Impact Assessment”, European Commission, DG Employment, Industrial Relations andSocial Affairs, Department V/D.5, October 1997. The work is available at: http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/equ_opp/gender/gender_en.pdf75

wesebi da faseulobebi, romelic gavlenas axdens genderul rolebze,Sromis ganawilebaze genderuli kriteriumis mixedviT, qalebisa da kacebismidgomebsa da qcevaze, uTanasworobaze imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad dafasebuliaqali da kaci, an kacisa da qalis maxasiaTeblebi;uflebebi, romlebic miekuTneba pirdapiri an iribi genderuli diskriminaciisprevencias zogadad adamianis uflebebze (maT Soris sqesobriviZaladobisa da sqesobrivi damcirebisagan Tavisuflebis uflebas) marTmsajulebazexelmisawvdomobas samarTlebriv, politikur an socialur da ekonomikurgaremoSi.2. rogor SeiZleba politikam/strategiebma Seuwyos xeli arsebuli uTanasworobebismoSlas da Tanasworobis gaZlierebas kacsa da qals Soris, monawileobis donis, resursebisganawilebis, sargebelis, sazogadoebriv da pirad cxovrebaSi movaleobebis,faseulobebisa da qalebisa da kacebisaTvis Tanabari yuradRebis daTmobis, kacisa daqalis maxasiaTeblebis, qcevisa da prioritetebis TvalsazrisiT?imisaTvis, rom Sefasdes mosalodneli Sedegebi genderuli TvalsazrisiT, aucilebeliagaTvaliswinebul iqnas arsebuli gansxvavebebi qalebsa da kacebs Soris, romlebicdamaxasiaTebelia konkretuli politikisaTvis, imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom SemoTavazebulistrategia aRmofxvris arsebul uTanasworobas da xels Seuwyobs genderuliTanasworobis miRwevas.pirveli nabiji mdgomareobs Semdegi saxis aucilebeli monacemebis SegrovebaSi:genderuli niSniT diferencirebuli monacemebi;monacemebi erovnuli da saerTaSoriso politikis Sesaxeb genderul TanasworobasTanmimarTebaSi;genderul sferoSi gadawyvetilebis mimRebi institutebis mier Seqmnili wesebida rekomendaciebi da a.S.genderuli zegavlenis Sefasebis erT-erT models warmoadgens didi britaneTis qalTada Tanasworobis sakiTxebis sammarTvelos gamocema “Gender Impact Assessment” 14 , sadacrekomendebulia xuT-safexuriani meTodis gamoyeneba, romelic qvemoTaa moyvanili:safexuri 1: sakiTxis dadgena da Sedegebis gansazRvramiznobrivi jgufis gamovlena (viszec aris orientirebuli politika damomsaxureba);politikis Sedegebis gaazreba miznobriv jgufTan mimarTebaSi;miznebisa da amocanebis dadgena, sakiTxebis ganxilva im faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT,romelic gavlenas axdens qalebsa da kacebze;kacebisa da qalebis CarTuloba politikis ganxorcielebaSi.safexuri 2: monacemebis Segroveba da alternativebis SemuSavebagenderuli sferos specialistebTan konsultaciebis Catareba;14.gamocemis sruli teqsti SegiZliaT ixiloT misamarTze: http://www.womenandequalityunit.gov.uk/equality/gender_impact_assessment.pdf76

genderuli monacemebis misaRebad kvlevebisa da gamokiTxvebis Catareba;genderulad diferencirebuli arsebuli monacemebis Segroveba;qalTa organizaciebTan dakavSireba genderul sakiTxebze monacemebisa da informaciismisaRebad; kvlevis Sedegebisa da mopovebuli monacemebis safuZvelze politikisganxorcielebis alternativebis Sesaxeb rekomendaciebis momzadeba.safexuri 3: komunikacia komunikaciis strategiis ganxorcieleba, romelic gaaZlierebs sagareourTierTobebs da uzrunvelyofs, rom politikis idea da ZiriTadi azrigasagebi gaxdes qalebisa da kacebis sxvadasxva jgufebisaTvis;ZiriTadi gzavnilebis Camoyalibeba, romlebic exeba politikis miznebsa damosalodnel Sedegebs;gzavnilebis testireba maTi aRqmadobis Semowmebis mizniT.safexuri 4: ganxorcielebapolitikis beneficiarTa Tvalsazrisis gamoyeneba politikis ganxorcielebismiznebisaTvis;gansazRvra imisa, Tu rogor gavlenas moaxdens politika da momsaxurebaqalebisa da kacebis sxvadasxva jgufebze;genderuli Tanasworobis xelSewyoba;beneficiarTa gamoxmaurebis Sefaseba.safexuri 5: monitoringi da Sefasebaqalebsa da kacebze politikis SesaZlo gavlenis Sefaseba;imis gansazRvra, Tu ramdenad miRwevadia politikis/programis farglebSidasaxuli miznebi;yuradRebis gamaxvileba qalTa da kacTa monawileobaze monitoringisa da SefasebisprocesSi;politikis SemuSavebisa da ganxorcielebis procesis Zlieri da sustimxareebis Sefaseba;warmatebuli praqtikisa da miRebuli gamocdilebis Sefaseba.77

praqtikuli magaliTi – kiTxvebi genderuli analizisaTvisimisaTvis, rom mogawodoT kiTxvebis magaliTebi, romelsac genderuli analizi eyrdnoba,davubrundebiT genderuli indikatorebis 10 kategorias, romelic pirvel TavSiCamovTvaleT da davsvavT TiToeul maTganTan dakavSirebul kiTxvebs.genderuli indikatorebiindikatorebTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebimosaxleobis Semadgenloba da cvlilebebi15 wels qvemoT mosaxleobis raodenobasqesis mixedviT, absolutur da procentulgamosaxulebaSi;mosaxleobis ganawileba sqesis mixedviT(qalebisa da kacebis procentuli ganawileba);Sobadobisa da mokvdaobis maCveneblebisganawileba sqesis mixedviT, wliuri(raodenoba da maCveneblebi 1000kacze);gare migraciis wminda maCvenebeli, sqesismixedviT;Sida migraciis wminda maCvenebeli sqesismixedviT. rogoria sqesTa balansi erovnuldoneze? SeimCneva Tu ara bolo wlebSiprocesebis Sebruneba? ramdenad gansxvavebuliamaCvenebeli regionebis mixedviT? SeimCneva Tu ara procesebis SebrunebasqesTa Tanafardobis mxriv da ra arisamis mizezi? arsebobs Tu ara saSualebasituaciis Sesacvlelad darogor SeiZleba am procesebSi qalebisada kacebis CarTva? gansxvavdeba Tu ara gare da Sida migraciasqesis mixedviT? Tu pasuxidadebiTia, ra aris aseTi gansxvavebismizezebi? axdens Tu ara uaryofiT gavlenasqalebze migraciis tipebi, regionul daerovnul doneze? Tu pasuxi dadebiTia,rogor SeiZleba arsebuli situaciisSecvla da rogori SeiZleba iyosqalebisa da kacebis wvlili am cvlilebebSi?arsebobs Tu ara genderuli gansxvavemosaxleobisgansaxleba da geografiuli ganawilebamosaxleobis raodenoba, %, ganawilebada simWidrove, sqesisa da asakobrivijgufebis, geografiuli areebisa daqalaqad/soflad ganawilebis mixedviT;qalTa mdgomareoba soflad: qalTa mokvdaobismaCvenebeli soflad daqalaqad; sicocxlis xangrZlivoba dakvebis racioni;maragebi da sacxovrisis maxasiaTeblebi(gare kedlebisTvis, iatakisa da saxuravisTvisgamoyenebuli saSeni masala;oTaxebis raodenoba; samzareuloda abazana; wyalmomarageba da kanalizacia).ganawileba regionisa da Sinameurneobisufrosis sqesis mixedviT; sacxovrisis sakuTrebis forma Sinameurneobisufrosis sqesis mixedviTregionalur WrilSi;SinameurneobaSi energiis moxmareba regionisada Sinameurneobis ufrosis sqe-arsebobs Tu ara qalebisa da kacebiskoncentraciis tipi garkveul regionebSian qalaqad/soflad, migraciisada sxva faqtorebis Sedegad? Tupasuxi dadebiTia, es uaryofiT gavlenasaxdens Tu ara qalebze?aris Tu ara qalTa mimarT diskriminaciasoflad da Tu pasuxi dadebiTia,ra saxis politika unda ganxorcieldesmdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad?gansxvavdeba Tu ara sacxovrisis maxasiaTeblebiSinameurneobebis ufrosissqesis mixedviT? aris Tu arasacxovrebeli pirobebi uaresi, iq sadacSinameurneobis ufrosi qalia? Tupasuxi dadebiTia, ra mxriv? rogorSeiZleba konkretuli politikis gatarebiTsituaciis gamosworeba?78

sis mixedviT: Sinameurneobis saqmeebze daxarjulidro (wyliT, sawvaviT, sakvebiT uzrunvelyofa),regionisa da Sinameurneobisufrosis sqesis mixedviT.79bebi Sinameurneobebs Soris energiismoxmarebis TvalsazrisiT? Tu pasuxidadebiTia, rogor gavlenas axdens esqalebze? rogor SeiZleba mdgomareobisgamosworeba Sesabamisi politikis gatarebiT? xarjaven Tu ara qalebi met drosvidre kacebi Sinameurneobis saqmeebze?Tu pasuxi dadebiTia, rogor gavlenasaxdens es genderul urTierTobebzeSinameurneobaSi da rogor SeiZleba aRniSnuliurTierTobebis uflebrivi ga-Tanabreba saTanado politikis gatarebiT?Sinameurneobebi da ojaxebi, ojaxuri mdgomareoba, fertilobaSinameurneobaTa raodenoba, % da ganawileba;Sinameurneobebis procentuli ganawileba,sididis mixedviT;SinameurneobaTa procentuli ganawileba,Sinameurneobis ufrosis sqesismixedviT;Rarib SinameurneobaTa procentuli ganawileba,Sinameurneobis ufrosis sqesismixedviT; Sobadobis jamuri maCvenebeli 1000qalze, SerCeuli asakobrivi jgufebismixedviT.wera-kiTxvis mcodne pirTa raodenobada procentuli ganawileba sqesisa daasakobrivi jgufis mixedviT; skolaSi gatarebuli wlebis raodenoba,ganaTlebis donisa da sqesismixedviT;saSualo specializirebul (profesiulda teqnikur) ganaTlebasa da Semdgomkvalifikaciis amaRlebis kursebzexelmisawvdomoba sqesis mixedviT;qalebisa da kacebis raodenoba da procentuliganawileba, maT Soris vincmiiRo ganaTleba Semdeg sferoebSi:samarTali, mecniereba, medicina, sainformacioteqnologiebi;dawyebiT da saSualo ganaTlebis doneebzegogonebisa da vaJebis miRebisjamuri da wminda maCvenebeli;formaluri da araformaluri ganaTlebaraze metyvelebs Sinameurneobebis raodenobisTanafardoba Sinameurneobisufrosis sqesis mixedviT? aris Tu araufro meti Raribi Sinameurneoba, romlisufrosi qalia? Tu pasuxi dadebiTia,ra aris amis mizezi? aqvT Tu ara igive uflebebi damovaleobebi erT SinameurneobaSimcxovreb qalebsa da kacebs, maTiojaxuri mdgomareobis miuxedavad?aris Tu ara ganqorwineba daSvebuliqalebisa da kacebisTvis erTi da igivemizezebis safuZvelze?rogor xdeba ojaxSi gadawyvetilebebismiReba bavSvebis raodenobasa da aucilebelisacxovrebeli farTis ganawilebisSesaxeb.realurad Tanabrad xelmisawvdomia Tuara ganaTleba? Tu pasuxi uaryofiTia,ra faqtorebi ganapirobebs gansxvavebebsqalisa da kacis ganaTlebaze xelmisawvdomobismxriv? Tu saxezea diskriminacia,rogor SeiZleba situaciisSecvla da rogor SeuZliaT qalebsa dakacebs monawileoba miiRon msgavscvlilebebSi? rogor iyeneben TavianT ganaTlebasqalebi da kacebi? aZlevs Tu ara socialurigaremo qalebs maTi ganaTlebissaTanado gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas?irCeven Tu ara qalebi da kacebi specializirebuluniversitetebs genderulistereotipebis mixedviT? SeuZlia Tu ara mTavrobas Caeriosmsgavsi stereotipebis Secvlis mizniT?

umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSiqalebisa da kacebis miRebisjamuri da wminda maCvenebeli;skolebis mitovebis maCvenebeli, dawyebiT,saSualo da umaRles saganmanaTleblodawesebulebebSi, sqesis mixedviT;pedagogTa procentuli ganawileba sqesismixedviT dawyebiT, saSualo daumaRles saswavleblebSi;qali da kaci direqtorebisa da universitetisfakultetebis xelmZRvanelTaprocentuli ganawileba. xdeba Tu ara qalebisa da kacebisstereotipebis Seqmna saskolo programisfarglebSi? rogor SeiZlebaprogramis Secvla genderuli stereotipebisaRmosafxvrelad da genderuliurTierTobebis warmodgena pozitiuriTvalsazrisiT?arsebobs Tu ara samarTlebrivi zomebi,romelTa saSualebiTac SeiZlebaqalebisa da kacebisaTvis ganaTlebazeTanabari xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa?janmrTeloba, samedicino momsaxureba, kvebis racioni saxelmwifo biujetis danaxarjebSiqalTa samedicino xarjebis procentuliwili sawarmoo da arasawarmooseqtorebis mixedviT;pirveladi samedicino centrebis raodenoba/xelmisawvdomobasqesis mixedviT;samedicino konsultaciebisa da hospitalizaciisdReebis raodenoba sqesismixedviT; saavadmyofoSi pacientTaadgilebis raodenobis procentuli Sefardebamosaxleobis raodenobasTan;virusul infeqciebze acril gogonaTada vaJTa Tanafardoba;mSobiarobaTa sruli ricxvidan samedicinopersonalis monawileobiT CatarebulimSobiarobaTa wili;mokvdaoba da sicocxlis xangrZliobasqesis mixedviT; dedaTa mokvdaobis maCvenebeli (1000cocxlad Sobilze);axalSobilTa mokvdaobis maCvenebeli dagogonaTa/vaJTa procentuli ganawileba;sazogadoebrivi jandacvisaTvis mniSvnelovanigadamdebi daavadebebis ricxvian/da prevalenturoba, maT Soris, aiv/Sidsi, sqesis mixedviT; kaloriebis moxmareba - aucilebeliminimumis procenti, sqesis mixedviT;qalebis/kacebis kvebaze daxarjuli Semosavlisprocentuli wili;higienasa da sasmel wyalze xelmisawvdomobasqesis mixedviT.arsebobs Tu ara qalebisa da gogonebisdiskriminacia samedicino momsaxurebazexelmisawvdomobis TvalsazrisiT? Tupasuxi dadebiTia, ra aris aRniSnulismizezi da rogor SeiZleba diskriminaciisaRmofxvra? samedicino personalis ramden procentsSeadgenen qalebi da jandacvissistemis romel doneze arian isinikoncentrirebuli?gansxvavebulia Tu ara mokvdaobisa daavadobis maCveneblebi qalebsa da kacebsSoris da ra aris amis mizezi?rogoria CvilTa da bavSvTa avadobisZiriTadi gamomwvevi mizezebi, gogonebisada biWebisaTvis?arsebobs Tu ara kulturuli an sxvasaxis barierebi qalebisa da gogonebissamedicino da ojaxis dagegmvismomsaxurebaze xelmisawvdomobasTan dakavSirebiT?Tu pasuxi dadebiTia, rasaxis barierebia?legaluria Tu ara abortis gakeTeba?Tu pasuxi dadebiTia, xelmisawvdomiaTu ara xarisxiani momsaxureba?dainerga Tu ara aiv/SidsTan brZolisprograma da aris Tu ara msgavsi programa,romelic specialurad qalebzeaorientirebuli?ayenebs Tu ara raime saxiT qalebsa dagogonebs arasaxarbielo mdgomareobaSiSinameurneobaSi sursaTis ganawileba?Tu pasuxi dadebiTia, ra aris amismizezebi?xarjaven Tu ara qalebi ufro metfuls sursaTze kacebTan SedarebiT?80

Tu pasuxi dadebiTia, rogoria amisSedegebi?gansxvavebulia Tu ara xelmisawvdomobahigienasa da sasmel wyalze sqesismixedviT? Tu pasuxi dadebiTia,rogoria aRniSnulis gavlena qalebisjanmrTelobaze?ekonomikuri saqmianoba da samuSao Zalis CarTuloba kacis da qalis procentuli ganawileba,vinc dasaqmebulia soflismeurneobis, warmoebisa da momsaxureobissferoebSi (15 wlisa da ufrosiasakis asakobriv jgufSi);kacis da qalis procentuli ganawileba,vinc dasaqmebulia xelmZRvanelda profesiul poziciebze; kacis da qalis procentuli ganawileba,vinc aunazRaurebeli Sromi-Taa dakavebuli ojaxSi an dasaqmebuliaaraformalur seqtorSi (15 wlisa daufrosi asakis asakobriv jgufSi);dasaqmebisa da umuSevrobis maCvenebeli,sqesis da qalaq/soflis WrilSi;dro, romelic garkveul saqmianobazeixarjeba (maT Soris, aunazRaurebelsaojaxo saqmeebsa da bavSvebis an/daxandazmulTa movlaze); qalebisa da kacebis samuSao droismoculoba (sruli ganakveTi/naxevariganakveTi);dekretuli Svebulebis ufleba/kvirebisraodenoba/am uflebiT mosargebleqalTa procentuli raodenoba; mSoblis Svebulebis ufleba/kvirebisraodenoba/am uflebiT mosargebleqalebisa da kacebis procentuli maCvenebeli;samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo wyaroebidandafinansebuli, kreditebisa dafinansuri da teqnikuri daxmarebisprocentuli odenoba romelic mimar-Tulia qalebze da kacebze;qalebisa da kacebis xelfasSi/SemosavalSigansxvaveba dasaqmebis adgilisada saqmianobis sferos mixedviT; bavSvTa dacvis samsaxurebi da aRniSnulimomsaxurebiT mosargeble 0-3da 3-6 wlamde asakis bavSvebis procentulimaCvenebeli.arsebobs Tu ara profesiebi, romelSicsamarTlebrivad an tradiciuladdominireben qalebi/kacebi? arsebobs Tuara genderuli stereotipebi dasaqmebaSi?Tu pasuxi dadebiTia, rogoriamaTi Sedegebi?ra samarTlebrivi instrumentebi arsebobsqalTa diskriminaciis aRmosafxvreladSromiT bazarze? rogor xdebasamarTlebrivi zomebis praqtikuliganxorcieleba?qalebi ufro ukeTes samuSao adgilebzegadadian Tu ufro uaresze? rogoriaSedegebi qalebisTvis?arsebobs Tu ara uaryofiTi gavlenaqalTa dasaqmebaze, romelic gamowveuliabavSvTa movlis dawesebulebaTanaklebobiT;erTsa da imave samuSaosTvis aris Tuara qalTa anazRaureba kacTa anazRaurebistolfasi?arsebobs Tu ara kanonmdebloba samuSaobazarze genderuli Tanasworobis uzrunvelsayofad?rogor xdeba aRniSnulikanonmdeblobis praqtikaSi gatareba?xdeba Tu ra diasaxlisis Sromis asaxvastatistikur monacemebSi? aisaxeba Tuara statistikur monacemebSi qalebisroli ekonomikur seqtorSi? ra zomebiiqna miRebuli imisaTvis, rom aRweramda kvlevebma saTanadod asaxon qalisekonomikuri roli Sinameurneobis farglebSida mis gareT?81

sakuTrebaze, teqnikasa da kreditebze xelmisawvdomobasakuTrebis (miwis, sacxovrisis, pirutyvis)procentuli ganawileba sqesisada asakobrivi jgufis mixedviT;qalebis procentuli ganawileba kaceb-Tan SedarebiT, visac xeli miuwvdebakreditze;Sinameurenobebis procentuli ganawilebasoflad, Sinameurneobis ufrosissqesis mixedviT; procentuli ganawileba Simeurneobebisa,romelTac ar gaaCniaT miwaze sakuTreba,Sinameurneobis ufrosis sqesismixedviT;soflis meurneobis seqtorSi dasaqmebulTasaSualo Semosavali, sqesismixedviT:qalebisa da kacebis procentuli ganawileba,visac miRebuli aqvT sakuTrebisufleba, sakuTrebis reformis programisfarglebSi.miwis mesakuTre ZiriTadad qalia Tukaci? rogoria gavlena genderul ur-TierTobebze, miwis gayidvisa da damuSavebismeTodebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebismiRebaze? rogoria memkvidreobiTobis praqtikamiwasTan mimarTebaSi? SeuZliaT Tu araqalebs kanonierad miiRon miwa memkvidreobiTda xdeba Tu ara es realobaSi?Tu qali miwis mesakuTrea, niSnavs Tuara es imas, rom maT SeuZliaT miiRongadawyvetilebebi naTesis SerCevisa dasasoflo-sameurneo produqciis gayidvisSesaxeb?isargebles Tu ara Tanabrad sakuTrebisreformisagan kacebma da qalebma?aqvT Tu ara qalebs da kacebs Tanabarixelmisawvdomoba kreditebze? msgavsixelmisawvdomoba gulisxmobs Tu arakontrolis qonas kreditze gadawyvetilebismiRebis TvalsazrisiT?arsebobs Tu ara gansxvaveba soflismeurneobis seqtorSi dasaqmebuli qalisada kacis Semosavlebs Soris?samarTlebrivi uflebebi da politikuri Zalauflebaqalebisa da kacebis procentuli ganawilebaqveynis parlamentsa da bobs qalebisaTvis, rom daikavon mTav- ra damabrkolebeli garemoebebi arse-adgilobiv mmarTvelobaSi/gadawyvetilebismimReb organoebSi;gadawyvetilebis mimRebirobasa Tu saxelmwifo administraciaSiTanamdebobebi?qalebisa da kacebis procentuli ganawilebagadawyvetilebis mimRebpoziciebze mTavrobaSi;qalebisa da kacebis procentuli ganawilebapolitikuri partiebis saar-Cevno siebSi;qalebis procentuli ganawileba saxelmwifoadministraciaSi, umaRlesdoneze;saxelmwifo seqtorSi, administraciulda xelmZRvanel poziciebze dasaqmebulqalTa procentuli maCvenebeli;registrirebuli amomrCeveli qalebisada kacebis procentuli maCvenebeli,amomrCeveli qalebis/kacebis %;profkavSirebsa da damsaqmebelTa asociaciebSiSualeduri da umaRlesirgolis gadawyvetilebis mimReb Tanam-82ra damabrkolebeli garemoebebi arsebobsqalebisaTvis, rom daikavongadawyvetilebis mimRebi TanamdebobebisasamarTlo seqtorSi, policiasa TuarmiaSi?uwyobs Tu ara xels sasamarTlo datribunali qalTa uflebebis dacvas? arsebobs Tu ara dominanturi socialur-ekonomikurijgufi, gadawyvetilebismimReb poziciebTan mimarTebaSi? genderuli diskriminaciis ramdeniSemTxveva misula sasamarTlomde ansxva samTavrobo institutamde ukanaskneli4 wlis ganmavlobaSi? da rogorigadawyvetilebebi iqna miRebuli?ra RonisZiebebs mimarTaven qalebi arsebulipolitikuri sistemis Sesacvlelad?

qalTa mimarT Zaladobis registrirebuliSemTxvevebis raodenoba; Tavdasxmisa da gaupatiurebis registrirebuliSemTxvevebis raodenoba;sqesobrivi Zaladobis registrirebuliSemTxvevebis raodenoba; qalTa mimarT Zaladobriv qmedebaSibraldebulTa gasamarTlebis maCveneblebi; Zaladobis msxverpl qalTa gadaudebelidaxmarebis RonisZiebebis raodenoba(samarTlebrivi dacva, finansuridaxmareba, fsiqologiuri daxmareba,TavSesafari, policiis Careva, arasam-Tavrobo organizaciebis moqmedeba);qalTa mimarT Zaladobis SemTxvevebiszrda/kleba SeiaraRebuli konfliqtisdros.kerZo danaxarjebi SinameurneobaSi, Sinameurneobisufrosis sqesis mixedviT;saxelmwifo biujetis mTliani danaxarjebida procentuli odenoba mSp-sTanmimarTebaSi; saxelmwifo biujetis danaxarjebiseqtorebis mixedviT;debobebze dasaqmebul qalTa procentulimaCvenebeli; qalTa procentuli ganawileba mosamarTleebis,prokurorebisa da advokatebissaerTo ricxovnobaSi;qalTa procentuli ganawileba policiasada samxedro samsaxurSi, wodebismixedviT.riskis qveS myofi da sxvadasxva socialuridaxmarebis programebis beneficiarTaprocentuli ganawileba sqesisada Sinameurneobis sididis mixedviT; socialuri dazRvevis/daxmarebisa daqalTa mimarT Zaladobamakroekonomikuli politika da genderi83arsebobs Tu ara qveyanaSi kanoni, romelicicavs qalebs Zaladobisgan,qalTa mimarT yvela formis ZaladobisaRmofxvris Sesaxeb konvenciis rekomendaciebisSesabamisad? ramdenad efeqtiania kanonmdeblobaqalTa mimarT sxvadasxva saxis ZaladobisaRkveTis TvalsazrisiT?SeiZleba Tu ara qalis aqtiurobam mediasaSualebebSi, reklamasa Tu saskoloprogramebSi gamoiwvios sastikimopyroba qalTa mimarT?rogoria qalTa organizebuloba ZaladobasTansabrZolvelad? rogoriaaseTi organizebulobis Sedegi?xorcieldeba Tu ara gaeros konvenciebi,romelic krZalavs adamianTatrefikingsa da komerciuli miznebiTseqsualur eqspluatacias, erovnuldoneze? ra zomebi miiReba erovnuldoneze qalebisa da gogonebis/bavSvebissqesobrivi eqspluataciis aRsakveTad? SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis drosdaculia Tu ara ltolvili qalebi? Sinameurneobis danaxarjebis ra procentigamoiyeneba sursaTze, ganaTlebasada jandacvaze? vin akontrolebsSinameurneobis biujets da danaxajebzegadawyvetilebis miRebis ra ZalauflebagaaCnia qals?saxelmwifo biujetis danaxarjebis ranawili midis qalebisaTvis prioritetulsferoebze, rogoricaa ganaTlebada jandacva? rogoria qalebisroli saxelmwifo biujetis dagegmvaSierovnul doneze? ganaTlebisa da jandacvis sistemebiaris Tu ara privatizebuli da Tu

msgavsi SeRavaTebis potenciur mimRebTaprocentuli ganawileba sqesisa da Sinameurneobissididis mixedviT.aris, rogoria genderuli Sedegebi? arian Tu ara qalebi adekvaturaddaculi socialuri dazRvevis sistemiTan sxva programebSi? aris Tu ara aRniSnulprogramebSi sakmarisad integrirebuligenderuli sakiTxi? eTmoba Tu ara sakmarisi yuradRebariskis jgufebs (Raribi martoxeladedebi da Sinameurneobebi, sadac Sinameurneobisufrosi qalia) erovnuldoneze biujetis dagegmvisas?84

danarTi a.A. gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis rekomendaciiT da pekinis samoqmedo platformiT(1995) gansazRvruli prioritetuli sferoebis mixedviT miRebuli klasifikaciis sistemagenderuladmgrZnobiaremosaxleobisSemadgenloba dacvlilebebiindikatorTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebi15 wels qvemoT mosaxleobis raodenoba sqesis mixedviT, absoloturda procentul gamosaxulebaSi;mosaxleobis ganawileba sqesis mixedviT (qalebisa da kacebisprocentuli ganawileba);Sobadobisa da mokvdaobis maCveneblebis ganawileba sqesis mixedviT,wliuri (raodenoba da maCveneblebi 1000 kacze);gare migraciis wminda maCvenebeli sqesis mixedviT;Sida migraciis wminda maCvenebeli sqesis mixedviT.mosaxleobisgansaxleba dageografiuliganawileba mosaxleobis raodenoba, %, ganawileba da simWidrove, sqesisa daasakobrivi jgufebis, geografiuli areebisa da qalaqad/sofladganawilebis mixedviT; qalTa mdgomareoba soflad: qalTa mokvdaobis maCvenebelisoflad da qalaqad; sicocxlis xangrZlivoba da kvebis racioni; maragebi da sacxovrisis maxasiaTeblebi (gare kedlebisTvis,iatakisa da saxuravisTvis gamoyenebuli saSeni masala; oTaxebisraodenoba; samzareulo da abazana; wyalmomarageba da kanalizacia).ganawileba regionisa da Sinameurneobis ufrosi sqesismixedviT. sacxovrisis sakuTrebis forma Sinameurneobis ufrosis sqesismixedviT regionalur WrilSi; SinameurneobaSi energiis moxmareba regionisa da Sinameurneobisufrosis sqesis mixedviT; Sinameurneobis saqmeebze daxarjuli dro (wyliT, sawvaviT, sakvebiTuzrunvelyofa), regionisa da Sinameurneobis ufrosis sqesismixedviT.Sinameurneobebida ojaxebi,ojaxurimdgomareoba,fertilobaSinameurneobaTa raodenoba, % da ganawileba;SinameurneobaTa procentuli ganawileba Sinameurneobis zomismixedviT;SinameurneobaTa procentuli ganawileba Sinameurneobis ufrosissqesis mixedviT;Rarib SinameurneobaTa procentuli ganawileba, Sinameurneobisufrosis sqesis mixedviT;Sobadobis jamuri maCvenebeli 1000 qalze, SerCeuli asakobrivijgufebis mixedviT 15 .15. Sobadobis jamuri maCvenebeli gamoiTvleba erT weliwadSi fertiluri asakis qalTa saSualo raodenobisgayofiT cocxladSobil CvilTa raodenobaze drois imave periodSi85

formaluri daaraformaluriganaTlebajanmrTeloba,samedicinomomsaxureba,kvebis racioniwera-kiTxvis mcodne pirTa raodenoba da procentuli ganawilebasqesisa da asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT;skolaSi gatarebuli wlebis raodenoba, ganaTlebis donisa dasqesis mixedviT;saSualo specializirebul (profesiul da teqnikur) ganaTlebasada Semdgom kvalifikaciis amaRlebis kursebze xelmisawvdomobasqesis mixedviT;qalebisa da kacebis raodenoba da procentuli ganawileba, maTSoris vinc miiRo ganaTleba Semdeg sferoebSi: samarTali, mecniereba,medicina, sainformacio teqnologiebi;dawyebiT da saSualo ganaTlebis doneebze gogonebisa da vaJebismiRebis jamuri da wminda maCvenebeli;umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi qalebisa da kacebismiRebis jamuri da wminda maCvenebeli;skolebis mitovebis maCvenebeli, dawyebiT, saSualo da umaRlessaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi, sqesis mixedviT; pedagogTa procentuli ganawileba sqesis mixedviT dawyebiT,saSualo da umaRles saswavleblebSi;qali da kaci direqtorebisa da universitetis fakultetebisxelmZRvanelTa procentuli ganawileba.saxelmwifo biujetis danaxarjebSi qalTa samedicino xarjebisprocentuli wili sawarmoo da arasawarmoo seqtorebis mixedviT;pirveladi samedicino centrebis raodenoba/xelmisawvdomoba sqesismixedviT;samedicino konsultaciebisa da hospitalizaciis dReebis raodenobasqesis mixedviT; saavadmyofoSi pacientTa adgilebis raodenobisprocentuli Sefardeba mosaxleobis raodenobasTan;virusul infeqciebze acril gogonaTa da vaJTa Tanafardoba; mSobiarobaTa sruli ricxvidan samedicino personalismonawileobiT Catarebuli mSobiarobaTa wili;mokvdaoba da sicocxlis xangrZlioba sqesis mixedviT;dedaTa mokvdaobis maCvenebeli (1000 cocxlad Sobilze);axalSobilTa mokvdaobis maCvenebeli da gogonaTa/vaJTa procentuliganawileba;sazogadoebrivi jandacvisaTvis mniSvnelovani gadamdebi daavadebebisricxvi an/da prevalenturoba, maT Soris, aiv/Sidsi, sqesismixedviT;kaloriebis moxmareba - aucilebeli minimumis procenti, sqesismixedviT; qalebis/kacebis kvebaze daxarjuli Semosavlis procentuliwili;higienasa da sasmel wyalze xelmisawvdomoba sqesis mixedviT.86

ekonomikurisaqmianoba dasamuSao ZalisCarTulobakacis da qalis procentuli ganawileba, vinc dasaqmebulia soflismeurneobis, warmoebisa da momsaxureobis sferoebSi (15wlisa da ufro asakis asakobriv jgufebSi); kacis da qalis procentuli ganawileba, vinc dasaqmebuliaxelmZRvanel da profesiul poziciebze;kacis da qalis procentuli ganawileba, vinc aunazRaurebeliSromiTaa dakavebuli ojaxSi an dasaqmebulia araformalurseqtorSi (15 wlisa da ufrosi asakis asakobriv jgufebSi);dasaqmebisa da umuSevrobis maCvenebeli, sqesis da qalaq/soflisWrilSi;dro, romelic garkveul saqmianobaze ixarjeba (maT Soris, aunazRaurebelsaojaxo saqmeebsa da bavSvebis an/da xandazmulTamovlaze);qalebisa da kacebis samuSao drois moculoba (sruli ganakveTi/naxevari ganakveTi);dekretuli Svebulebis ufleba/kvirebis raodenoba/am uflebiTmosargeble qalTa procentuli raodenoba;mSoblis Svebulebis ufleba/kvirebis raodenoba/am uflebiT mosargebleqalebisa da kacebis procentuli maCvenebeli;samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo wyaroebidan dafinansebuli, kreditebisada finansuri da teqnikuri daxmarebis procentuli odenobaromelic mimarTulia qalebze da kacebze;qalebisa da kacebis xelfasSi/SemosavalSi gansxvaveba dasaqmebisadgilisa da saqmianobis sferos mixedviT;bavSvTa dacvis samsaxurebi da aRniSnuli momsaxurebiT mosargeble0-3 da 3-6 wlamde asakis bavSvebis procentuli maCvenebeli.sakuTrebaze,teqnikasa dakreditebzexelmisawvdomoba sakuTrebis (miwis, sacxovrisis, pirutyvis) procentuli ganawilebasqesisa da asakobrivi jgufis mixedviT;qalebis procentuli ganawileba kacebTan SedarebiT, visac xelimiuwvdeba kreditze;Sinameurneobebis procentuli ganawileba soflad, Sinameurneobisufrosis sqesis mixedviT;procentuli ganawileba Sinameurneobebisa, romelTac ar gaaCniaTmiwaze sakuTreba, Sinameurneobis ufrosis sqesis mixedviT;soflis meurneobis seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa saSualo Semosavali,sqesis mixedviT:qalebisa da kacebis procentuli ganawileba, visac miRebuli aqvTsakuTrebis ufleba, sakuTrebis reformis programis farglebSi.samarTlebriviuflebebi dapolitikuriZalauflebaqalebisa da kacebis procentuli ganawileba qveynis parlamentsada adgilobiv mmarTvelobaSi/gadawyvetilebis mimReb organoebSi;qalebisa da kacebis procentuli ganawileba gadawyvetilebis mim-Reb poziciebze mTavrobaSi;qalebisa da kacebis procentuli ganawileba politikuri partiebissaarCevno siebSi;qalebis procentuli ganawileba saxelmwifo administraciaSi,umaRles doneze;87

saxelmwifo seqtorSi, administraciul da xelmZRvanelpoziciebze dasaqmebul qalTa procentuli maCvenebeli; registrirebuli amomrCeveli qalebisa da kacebis procentulimaCvenebeli, amomrCeveli qalebis/kacebis %; profkavSirebsa da damsaqmebelTa asociaciebSi Sualeduri daumaRlesi rgolis gadawyvetilebis mimReb Tanamdebobebze dasaqmebulqalTa procentuli maCvenebeli; qalTa procentuli ganawileba mosamarTleebis, prokurorebisa daadvokatebis saerTo ricxovnobaSi; qalTa procentuli ganawileba policiasa da samxedrosamsaxurSi, wodebis mixedviT.qalTa mimarTZaladobaqalTa mimarT Zaladobis registrirebuli SemTxvevebis raodenoba; Tavdasxmisa da gaupatiurebis registrirebuli SemTxvevebisraodenoba; sqesobrivi Zaladobis registrirebuli SemTxvevebis raodenoba;qalTa mimarT Zaladobriv qmedebaSi braldebulTa gasamarTlebismaCveneblebi;Zaladobis msxverpl qalTa gadaudebeli daxmarebis RonisZiebebisraodenoba (samarTlebrivi dacva, finansuri daxmareba, fsiqologiuridaxmareba, TavSesafari, policiis Careva, arasamTavroboorganizaciebis moqmedeba);qalTa mimarT Zaladobis SemTxvevebis zrda/kleba SeiaraRebulikonfliqtis dros.makroekonomikuripolitikada genderikerZo danaxarjebi SinameurneobaSi, Sinameurneobis ufrosis sqesismixedviT;saxelmwifo biujetis mTliani danaxarjebi da procentuli odenobamSp-sTan mimarTebaSi;saxelmwifo biujetis danaxarjebi seqtorebis mixedviT;riskis qveS myofi da sxvadasxva socialuri daxmarebis programebisbeneficiarTa procentuli ganawileba sqesisa da Sinameurneobissididis mixedviT;socialuri dazRvevis/daxmarebisa da msgavsi SeRavaTebis potenciurmimRebTa procentuli ganawileba sqesisa da Sinameurneobissididis mixedviT.88

danarTi bb. saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi sakanonmdeblo instrumentebi, romelic genderulistatistikis ganviTarebas uwyobs xelszedmiwevniTi statistikuri monacemebis arseboba, romlebic asaxavs sazogadoebrivicxovrebis realobas qalebisa da kacebisaTvis, warmoadgens ZiriTad aucileblobasimisaTvis, rom moxdes genderuli Tanasworobis xelSemwyobi saxelmwifo politikisada samoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba da monitoringi aRniSnul sferoSi.aRniSnul sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi pekinis samoqmedo platforma, romelic miRebuliiyo 1995 wels qalTa meoTxe msoflio konferenciaze, xazs usvams genderulianalizis saWiroebas, politikis ganviTarebaSi genderuli mimarTulebis integrirebasada Sesabamisi programebis ganxorcielebas. aRniSnuli dokumenti aseve mouwodebsmTavrobebsa da saerTaSoriso institutebs konkretul sferoebSi kvlevisa dainformaciis gavrcelebis xelSewyobisaken da miuTiTebs statistikis mniSvnelobazeZiriTad sferoebSi miznebisa da strategiebis ganxorcielebis monitoringisTvalsazrisiT.samoqmedo platforma moicavs konkretul strategiul miznebs genderulstatistikasTan mimarTebaSi, mizani H3 „dagegmvisa da Sefasebis mizniT sqesis niSniTdiferencirebuli monacemebisa da informaciis warmoeba da gavrceleba“, kritikulsferoSi „qalTa mxardamWeri institucionaluri meqanizmebi“ 16 . platformaSiwarmodgenili ZiriTadi mizani, imaSi mdgomareobs, rom individualuri monacemebi undaiqnes Segrovebuli, damuSavebuli, gaanalizebuli da warmodgenili sqesisa da asakismixedviT da unda asaxavdes sazogadoebaSi qalTa statusTan dakavSirebul problemebs,sakiTxebsa Tu gaurkvevel aspeqtebs.gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eTmoba qalisa da kacis anazRaurebadi da araanazRaurebadisamuSaos gazomvis problemas. samoqmedo platforma aseve rekomendaciasuwevs genderuli analizisaTvis saintereso iseT sferoebs, rogoricaa siRaribe,SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebTan dakavSirebuli statistika, jandacvismomsaxurebis xelmisawvdomoba, Zaladoba da gadawyvetilebis miReba. platformamouwodebs gaerTianebuli erebis organizacias xeli Seuwyos da SeimuSaos adamianisuflebebTan da ZaladobasTan dakavSirebuli monacemebis Segrovebis meTodologia daaseve monawileoba miiRos ekonomikur, socialur, kulturul da politikurcxovrebasTan mimarTebaSi arsebuli monacemebis gaumjobesebaSi.2000 wlis aTaswleulis deklaraciaSi gaerTianebuli erebis wevrma qveynebmaganacxades maTi erTgulebis Taobaze iseT mniSvnelovan RirebulebebTan mimarTebaSi,rogoricaa Tavisufleba, Tanasworoba da solidaroba da daisaxes amocanad globalurdoneze mSvidobis win wamoweva da siRaribis Semcireba. deklaraciaze dayrdnobiT,2001 wlis aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebis farglebSi Camoyalibda raodenobrivadSefasebadi miznebi deklaraciis mixedviT ganxorcielebuli progresis SefasebismizniT. aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebis SerCeva ganpirobebuli iyo saerTaSorisodoneze amocanebisa da indikatorebis aucileblobiT, romlisaTvis arsebobs sandostatistikuri monacemebi. aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebi asaxavs mravalmxrivmidgomas, romelic afasebs socialur da ekonomikur mdgomareobas Semosavlis da sxvaindikatorebis mixedviT, romlebic ukavSirdeba jandacvas, ganaTlebas, genderulTanasworobas, garemos dacvas da mdgrad ganviTarebas.aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebis Semfasebeli sando indikatorebis dasadgenadaucilebelia sando da xarisxiani statistikuri monacemebis gamoyeneba. aTaswleulisganviTarebis miznebis angariSi unda asaxavdes SeTanxmebul erovnul miznebs da xazs16paragrafi. 209-21289

usvamdes uTanasworobebs genderuli, eTnikuri an rasobrivi kuTvnilebis,geografiuli mdebareobis, asakisa da uTanasworobis sxva parametrebis mixedviT.evrokavSirSi mudmivad mimdinareobs muSaoba genderuli statistikis ganviTarebisa dagavrcelebis Sesaxeb. 2001-2005 17 wlebis genderuli Tanasworobis CarCo strategiidangamomdinare evrokomisia did yuradRebas uTmobs genderuli statistikis ganviTarebisaucileblobas. dainteresebis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi exeba sqesis niSniT diferencirebulistatistikuri monacemebis SemuSavebas da gavrcelebas, romlebic Sedarebadiasaxelmwifo politikis sxva sferoebTan da genderTan mimarTebaSi arsebuli evropulipolitikisa da gamocdilebis Sefasebis meTodologiebsa da indikatorebTan.ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi sazogadoeba sul ufro did interess iCensgenderuli sakiTxebis mimarT. institucionaluri meqanizmebis gaZliereba (samTavrobosamuSao jgufis Seqmna genedrul sakiTxebze, agreTve am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSiSemuSavebuli da miRebuli normatiuli aqtebi), saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa dadonorebis CarTulobiT da dafinansebiT damtkicebuli saqarTvelos kanoni“genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb” 2010 wlis martSi.kanoniT gansazRvrulia, rom genderi aris qalisa da kacis damokidebulebissocialuri aspeqti, romelic mkafiod asaxavs sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela mxaresda mimarTavs socialuri urTierTobebis koncefcias qalsa da kacTan mimarTebaSi.2006 wels SemuSavebuli genderuli Tanasworobis koncefciis bazaze kanoni xazsusvams individebis uflebebisa da pasuxismgeblobis genderul Tanasworobas,qorwinebisas, dasaqmebis, jandacvisa da ganaTlebis misawvdomobas, informirebulobas,arCevnebSi monawileobis uflebas da sxv.kanoniT gansazRvrulia agreTve is sakiTxebi, romelic winaa wamoweuli saerTaSorisoorganizaciebisa da genderuli sakiTxebis mkvlevarebis mier. aRniSnuli sakiTxebidasawyisSive ganmartebulia naSromebSi 18 , romelic moicavs vertikalur (qalTa naklebiwarmomadgenloba politikur da samTavrobo poziciebze) da horizontalursegregacias (ekonomikis ufro momgebian mimarTulebebSi) gamoxatuls qalisa da kacisxelfasebs Soris didi gansxvavebiT.saqarTvelos kanonis “genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb” Sesabamisad SemuSavdagenderuli Tanasworobis erovnuli samoqmedo programa 2011-2013 wlebisTvis. ZalianmniSvnelovania is faqti, rom kanonis iuridiul da politikis ganmsazRvrelfaqtorebTan erTad, kanonis “muxli 5” moicavs genderuli statistikis monacemebisdamuSavebas. aRniSnuli statistika uzrunvelyofs genderulad diferencirebulimonacemebis safuZvelze qveyanaSi arsebuli genderuli Tanasworobis mdgomareobisSefasebas.17COM (2000) 335 final, http://eur‐lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2000:0335:FIN:EN:PDF18 See for example, Gender and Society: Georgia (2008), Gender Assessment USAID/Georgia (2010)90

danarTi g.g. genderuli terminebis ganmartebagenderuli analizi (gender analysis) – sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebuli monacemebida qalTa da kacTa raodenoba iZleva gamovlenili gansxvavebebis gamomwvevi mizezebisdadgenis saSualebas. meTodi ikvlevs genderuli urTierTobebis istorias, meqanizmebs,dinamikasa da gavlenas. igi swavlobs genderuli uTanasworobis gamomwvevstruqturul mizezebs Sinameurneobisa da erovnuli konteqstis farglebSi, amyarebskavSirebs am doneebs Soris da avlens genderul diskriminacias uflebebze,Zalauflebasa da resursebis xelmisawvdomobaze.genderuli uTanasworoba (Gender gap) – genderuli uTanasworobisadmi arsebobssamganzomilebiani midgoma:1. politikur cxovrebaze xelmisawvdomoba;2. anazRaurebad Sromis bazarze xelmisawvdomoba;3. ufro zogadi TvalsazrisiT, saerTo adamianuri keTildReoba.“genderuli uTanasworobis” SemcirebisTvis saWiroa cvlilebaTa wyebis ganxorcieleba,romelTagan yvelaze mniSvnelovania:Sromis klasikuri danawilebis xelaxali formulireba; anazRaurebad SromiT bazarze qalisa da kacisaTvis anazRaurebisa daSesaZleblobebis ganawilebis specifikuri gzebis gadaxedva.genderuli Tanasworoba/Tanabari SesaZleblobebi (Gender equality/equal opportunities) –am cnebis mixedviT, yvela adamiani Tavisufalia ganaviTaros sakuTari SesaZleblobebida gaakeTos arCevani SezRudvis gareSe, romelsac uwesebs mkacri genderuli rolebi.Tanabrad unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli, dafasebuli da gamarTlebuli qalisa da kacisgansxvavebuli qceva, miswrafebebi da moTxovnilebebi. es niSnavs imas, rom qali dakaci sargeblobs erTnairi TavisuflebiT sakuTari miswrafebebis ganxorcielebisaTvis.genderulad mgrZnobiare indikatorebi (Gender–sensitive indicators) – indikatorebi, romelicafasebs sazogadoebaSi mimdinare genderul cvlilebebs droTa ganmavlobaSi.genderulad ara-mgrZnobiare (Gender-blindness) – genderuli aspeqtis ignorireba an ammxriv SesaZleblobebis nakleboba (“genderulad mgrZnobiare”-s antonimi an“genderulad neitraluri”-s sinonimi).genderuli meinstrimingi (Gender mainstreaming) – niSnavs genderuli aspeqtebis integrirebasyvela politikis, programis SemuSavebis, praqtikisa da gadawyvetilebismiRebis procesSi, romelic gulisxmobs, SemuSavebis an ganxorcielebis nebismieretapze, analizis ganxorcielebas imis Taobaze, Tu rogori iqneba maTi gavlena qalebsada kacebze da Sesabamisi reagireba.genderulad neitraluri (Gender neutral) – ena, romelic gamonaTqvamebiTa da konotaciiTuzrunvelyofs qalisa da kacis Tanabar, ara-diskriminaciul lingvistur mopyrobas.genderuli perspeqtiva (Gender perspective) – gansxvavebebis gaTvaliswineba da maTzeyuradRebis miqceva nebismier programul mimarTulebaSi/saqmianobaSi.91

genderuli politika (Gender policy) – cneba “genderuli politika” exeba adamianTasaqmianobas, qcevas, midgomas da praqtikas. arsebobs genderuli politikis 4 tipi:genderulad ara mgrZnobiare, sadac ignorirebulia kacisa da qalis socialuradganpirobebuli gansxvavebuli rolebi, movaleobebi da SesaZleblobebi.igi emyareba informacias, romelic miRebulia kacis saqmianobidan,an uSvebs, rom politikis gavlena yvelasaTvis erTnairia miuxedavaT maTimoTxovnilebebisa da interesebisa.genderulad neitraluri – romelic konkretulad arc kaczea orientirebulida arc qalze da dafuZnebulia imaze, rom igi Tanabar gavlenas axdensqalebsa da kacebze. realurad, es tipi SeiZleba genderulad ara mgrZnobiareciyos.genderulad mgrZnobiare – romelic aRiarebs genderul gansxvavebebs da mimarTuliaan qalebze an kacebze, arsebuli rolebisa da movaleobebis farglebSi.genderulad gadamanawilebeli – politika, romelic mimarTulia Zalauflebisada resursebis arsebuli ganawilebis Secvlaze genderuli Tanasworobisinteresebidan gamomdinare.genderuli urTierTobebi (Gender relations) – genderul urTierTobebTan dakavSirebulierT-erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi gamomdinareobs genderuli Sefasebidan, kerZod mocemulkonteqstSi mdedrisa da mamris SefasebasTan da imasTan, Tu rogoria instituciuristruqturebis mier am ori genderuli rolis dafaseba. genderuli urTierTobebiwarmoadgens genderuli Zalauflebis urTierTobas. Tu sazogadoeba afasebs kacurqcevas da midgomas konkretul sferoSi, genderuli urTierTobebi am sferoSidaubalansebelia kacebis sasargeblod.genderuli relevanturoba (Gender relevance) – ramdenad relevanturia konkretulipolitika an saqmianoba genderuli urTierTobebis/Tanasworobis mimarT qalsa da kacsSoris.genderuli rolebi (Gender roles) – sazogadoebaSi gabatonebuli midgoma da qceva dakavSirebuliaTiToeul sqesTan. zogierT sazogadoebaSi es agreTve gulisxmobs kacisada qalis normatiuli uflebebisa da valdebulebebis dakisrebas. genderuli rolebiwarmoadgens fsiqologiuri qcevis, midgomebis, normebisa da faseulobebis nazavs, romelsacsazogadoeba miakuTvnebs qals an kacs.genderuli mgrZnobiaroba (Gender sensitivity) – genderuli perspeqtivis mudmivad gaTvaliswineba.genderuli statistika (Gender statistics) – statistikis sfero, romelic statistikistradiciuli sferoebis horizontalurad gamoyenebiT, miznad isaxavs qalisa da kaciscxovrebis amsaxveli da genderul politikaze gavlenis mqone statistikuri monacemebisSegrovebas, damuSavebas da gavrcelebas.genderuli stereotipebi (Gender stereotypes) – Sexedulebebisa da midgomebis organizebulisistema qalebisa da kacebis maxasiaTeblebisa da mdedris da mamris winaswardadgenili maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb. stereotipebi gveubneba ara marto imas, Turogoria qali da kaci, aseve imasac, Tu rogori unda iyvnen isini. stereotipebi warmoadgensgenderuli Sexedulebebis ufro farTo sistemis nawils, romelic gavlenasaxdens Sexedulebebze ori genderuli kategoriis Sesaxeb. Sexedulebebis es sistemagansakuTrebiT gamoixateba socialuri molodinebiT, romelSic aseve Sedis SexedulebebiTiToeuli sqesisaTvis Sesaferisi rolis Taobaze, maTze, vinc arRvevs am normebs92

da adamianze, visac gaaCnia TviTwarmodgena misi konkretuli genderuli kuTvnilebisSesaxeb.genderuli kvlevebi (Gender studies) – kvlevebi, romelic asaxavs upiratesad qalebzeda genderul urTierTobebze moqmed sakiTxebs; akademiuri mimdinareoba, rogorc wesidisciplinaTaSorisi, romelic aanalizebs qalTa mdgomareobasa da genderul urTier-Tobebs, iseve rogorc sxva gamosakvlevi sferoebis genderul aspeqtebs.Tanasworobis ganmamtkicebeli zomebi (Affirmative action) – nebismieri saxisinstitucionaluri politika, romelic uzrunvelyofs mosaxleobis garkveulikategoriis mier (mag. kacebi) tradiciulad dominirebadi sferoebis xelmisawvdomobassxva socialuri jgufebisaTvis (mag. qalebisaTvis).iribi genderuli diskriminacia (Indicrect gender discrimination) – diskriminacia iribia,roca erTi SexedviT neitraluri samarTlebrivi norma, kriteriumi an praqtikaarasaxarbielo mdgomareobaSi ayenebs adamianebs maTi genderuli kuTvnilebis gamo,garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca gansxvavebuli mopyroba marTebulia obieqturadgamarTlebuli miznebiT.mosalodneli zegavlenis Sefaseba (Gender impact assessment) – qalebsa da kacebzegansxvavebuli zegavlenis mqone SemoTavazebuli politikis/strategiebis Sefaseba maTiimgvari adaptirebis mizniT, rom moxdes diskriminaciuli Sedegebis neitralizeba dagenderuli Tanasworobis xelSewyoba.pozitiuri iniciativebi (Positive action) – es aris zogadi xasiaTis termini, romelicaRniSnavs nebayoflobiT an kanoniT savaldebulo iniciativebs, romelic miznad isaxavsufro farTo jgufis farglebSi, Cveulebriv, rasobrivi an genderuli niSniTgamoyofili jgufis wevrTa garkveuli kategoriis dacvas, gazrdas an gardaqmnas.pozitiuri iniciativebi nebadarTulia rasisa da genderis Sesaxeb kanonebiT, imisaTvis,rom xeli Seuwyon SesaZleblobaTa sruli Tanasworobis damabrkolebeli garemoebebisaRmofxvras. misi samizne jgufi specifikuria da misi mizania diskriminaciis aRkveTa,aRmofxvra da struqturebiT, qceviTa da damokidebulebiT ganpirobebuli negatiurigaremoebebis kompensacia.pirdapiri genderuli diskriminacia (Direct gender discrimination) – diskriminacia pirdapiria,roca garkveul garemoSi adamians sxvebTan SedarebiT ufro uaresad epyrobianmisi sqesis gamo.praqtikuli moTxovnilebebi da strategiuli moTxovnilebebi/interesebi (Practicalneeds and strategic needs/Interests)praqtikuli moTxovnilebebi ganpirobebulia qalisa da kacis gansxvavebulimaterialuri pirobebiT; programebi/proeqtebi, romelic mimarTulia praqtikulgenderul moTxovnilebebze, asaxavs qalTa daqvemdebarebul mdgomareobassazogadoebaSi, magram ar moicavs qmedebebs, romelic miznad isaxavs aRniSnulisSecvlas.kacisa da qalis strategiuli moTxovnilebebi/interesebi gamomdinareobsmaTi poziciidan, statusidan da Zalauflebidan. qalebis strategiulimoTxovnilebebi SeiZleba gulisxmobdes sakuTrebis uflebebs da genderulibalansis Secvlas resursebis kontrolze, genderuli Tanasworobis misaRwevad.praqtikaSi, praqtikul da strategiul moTxovnilebebs Soris gansxvaveba yovelTvisnaTeli ar aris. praqtikuli genderuli moTxovnileba qalisaTvis SeiZleba iyoswyliT momarageba, magram, es qalisaTvis niSnavs ufro met Tavisufal dros, rasacisini moaxmaren swavlas – da es ukve strategiuli moTxovnilebaa.93

sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebuli monacemebi (Sex-disaggregated data) – statistikurimonacemebisa da informaciis Segroveba da damuSaveba sqesis niSnis mixedviT,genderuli SedarebiTi analizis gaumjobesebis mizniT. miuxedavad imisa, rom sworiterminia “sqesobrivi niSniT diferencirebuli monacemebi”, sxvadasxva gamocemebSi asevegamoiyeneba “genderuli niSniT diferencirebuli monacemebi”.sqesTa Tanasworuflebianoba (Gender equity) – samarTliani mopyroba genderuli niSnismiuxedavad, romelic SeiZleba warmoadgendes Tanaswor mopyrobas an gansxvavebulmopyrobas, romelic uflebebis, privilegiebis, valdebulebebisa da SesaZleblobebisTvalsazrisiT eqvivalenturad miiCneva.seqsizmisgan Tavisufali metyveleba (Non-sexist language) – qalisa da kacis Tanasworobisan genderuli urTierTobebis mimarT diferencirebuli – pozitiuri an negatiuri– damokidebulebis ararseboba.seqsizmi (sexism) – warmoadgens kacuri upiratesobis ideologias, romelsac kvebavswarmodgenaTa mTeli sistema. patriarqati socialuri organizaciis formaa, romelicam ideologiis konsolidacias axdens. seqsizmi dReisaTvis gamoixateba ufro “natifi”diskriminaciiT: qalTa Cumi gamoZeveba maRalanazRaurebadi profesiebidan da Tanamdebobebidan,gansxvavebuli praqtikuli da sportuli ganaTleba gogonebisa da biWebisaTvis,gogonebis orientireba ufro “qalur” profesiebze, qalTa uflebamosilebisugulvebelyofa sxvadasxva sferoebSi da pirad qcevaSi, media saSualebebSi qalis gamosaxulebisdamamcirebeli gamoyeneba.uxilavi barierebi (Glass ceiling) – tradiciuli midgomebi, normebi da Rirebulebebi,romelic xels uSlis qals Seasrulos socialuri valdebulebebi da srulad miiRosmonawileoba socialur cxovrebaSi.Sromis bazris desegregacia (Labour market desegregation) – politika, romelic miznadisaxavs Sromis bazarze segregaciis (vertikaluri an/da horizontaluri) diskriminaciisSemcirebas an aRmofxvras.94

gamoyenebuli literaturaCanadian International Development Agency (CIDA) – “Guide to Gender-sensitive Indicators”-Ottawa, 1997Corner L. – “From Margins to Mainstream: From Gender Statistics to Engendering Statistical Systems”-UNIFEM in Asia-Pacific & Arab States, 2004Council of Europe- “Gender Mainstreaming. Conceptual framework, methodology and presentationof good practices. Final Report of Activities of the Group of Specialists on Mainstreaming”,1998Dragomir O., Miroiu M. – “Lexicon Feminist”, editura Poirom, Bucuresti, 2002Eurpean Commission – “Incorporating Equal Opportunities for Women and Men into all CommunityPolicies and Activities. Communication from the Commission”COM (96), 67, 1996European Commission – “A Guide to Gender Impact Assessment”- DG Employment, IndustrialRelations and Social Affairs, Department V/D.5, October 1997.Fredman Sandra – “Discrimination Law”- Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002hedman B., Perucci F., Sundstrom P. – “Engendering Statistics – A tool for change”- Copenhagen,Statistics Sweden, 1996MacWen Martin – “Tackling Racism in Europe: An Examination of Anti-Discrimination Law inPractice”- Oxford, Berg, 1995Status of Women Canada – “Gender-based analysis: A guide for policy-making”, Ottawa, September1998Uplekar, M., Pathania, V. & Raviglione, M. – “Private practitioners and public health: weak linksin tuberculosis control”- Lancet 358, 2001, pages 912 – 916.Verloo M. & Roggeband C. – “Gender Impact Assessment: The development of a new instrumentin the Netherlands”in Impact Assessent, vol. 14, no. 1, 1996.Verloo M. – “Gender mainstreaming: practice and prospects”, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, EG(99), 2000UN Fourth World Conference on Women – Global Platform for Action, Beijing, 1995Women Equality Unit – “Gender Impact Assessment”, Department of Trade and Industry, GreaetBritain, 200295