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J. Pakalnienë, L. Dailidytë, J. Radvilavièienë, D. Vëlyvytë,
A. Mickienë
TICK-BORNE EN CEPH A LI TIS IN CHILDREN
(LITERATURE REVIEW)
Sum mary
Tick-borne en ceph a li tis (TBE) is the most prev a lent vi ral cen tral
ner vous sys tem in fec tion in Lith u a nia. Dur ing the last de cade, an
av er age of 400 TBE cases have been di ag nosed an nu ally, giv ing
the in ci dence 12.1 per 100 000 in hab it ants. Chil dren ac count for
9.4% of all TBE cases. The ma jor ity of chil dren TBE cases are
reg is tered in the group of school chil dren and ad o les cents. The
se ver ity of TBE in chil dren is less ag gra vated com pared to adults.
The pre dom i nant clin i cal form of TBE in chil dren is men in gi tis,
my eli tis is ob served in less than 1% of cases. Nev er the less, se -
vere TBE can be di ag nosed oc ca sion ally in very young chil dren
and even in fants. The ac tual di ag no sis of TBE must be es tab -
lished by the dem on stra tion of spe cific an ti bod ies, since clin i cal
symp toms are un char ac ter is tic and usu ally do not en able to dif -
fer en ti ate TBE from other cen tral ner vous sys tem in fec tions. The
lack of ob jec tive neu ro log i cal symp toms, un spe cific and un de -
fined sub jec tive com plaints some times make the di ag no sis of
TBE in chil dren chal leng ing, es pe cially in pre-school chil dren.
Long- term sequelae are ob served in about 2% of chil dren TBE
cases. How ever, the full spec trum of the out come of TBE, in clud -
ing post-encephalitic syn drome of neurocognitive na ture, which
is the ma jor sequelae of TBE in adults, still re mains un de ter -
mined due to the lack of pro spec tive fol low-up stud ies in chil -
dren. No spe cific ther apy for TBE is known so far. How ever,
TBE can be suc cess fully pre vented by ac tive im mu ni za tion.
This ar ti cle pres ents a re view of the lit er a ture on ep i de mi ol ogy,
clin i cal pre sen ta tion, out come and pro phy laxis of TBE in chil dren.
Keywords: tick-borne en ceph a li tis, chil dren, clin i cal pre -
sen ta tion, sequelae, pro phy laxis.