วารสารเมืองโบราณปีที่ 3 ฉบับที่ 3

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MUANG BORAN JOURNAL APRlL-JUN 1977
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The Reign of King Phra Nara i 33
Wiyada Thongmitr
Ayudhya Art in the Reign of King Phra arai 44
or Na Paknam
Wieng and Wang during the Ayudhya Period 67
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COVER_ PICTURE
Phra Tamnak Kamyad ncar Wat Bodhithong, Amphur
Bodhithong, Angthong a re idential hall of
the ex-King Uth umphorn who abdicated and became
ordained in favour of hi brother King ktat. With
the capture of Ayudhya by the burmese in 1767
A D. he wa taken a a war captive to Burma
where he became an informant in relating the
hi torical account of Ayudhya to the Burme e.
Thi information wa later tran lated and publi hed
in Thai under the title of "Kam-hai-karn Khun
uang Ha Wat.•· The architecture of thi building
reflect the tyle of King Phra arai' reign charactenzed
by elevated floor the arne a the reidential
hall of Wat Tuk and Wat hao ya in
Ayudhy .

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.
Kam rna lor
Snur Niladej
-
•
Kam-ma-lor 1
work
a Japane e lacquered
r any lacquered and gilded
material which \a added with pigment
other than g ld and black.
the pr nt tim , a uch a' Ia quered
w rk i ut of date th orig1nal
mean1ng f thi term become lu 1 e
and 1 known 1n general a a fak or
artificially carved de 1gn
ueh a any
pattern v h1ch are cut in cardb rd
and decorated with golden paper.
addition there v a
In
another mea ning
for the term' kam-ma-lor' amon
pa t generat1011 . It wa
th
u ed to call
any lazy man who d1d not take an
career to earn hi living but dependent
on h1 par nt who c r r wa money
lender or landlord. uch a per n wa
al\ ay
hunned by the girl' p rent
when h a l

•
Another ditTerence between the which was painted w1th h1ne ede ign Chiengma1 from the beginning when
kam-ma-lor and the lai-rod-nam (lac. uch a tho e of pud-tan flo\ er, the kingdom wa still an independent
quered and gild) de ign 1 the matter pomegranate fruit lai-hoh and la1 - and contemporary to the kingdom of
of expre ion ; that of the kam-ma-lor kang-kao pattern etc.
Ayudhya and later the Khern ethnic
li ely while the lai-rod-nam i ln orthern Thailand particu- group took over the job of producing
repeating and lifcle . However when larly Chiengmai of obout 50 year it. o the khern ware can equate with
compare th m in term f popularity ago. mot of the hou ehold uten il the kam-ma-lor work which was
{he kam-ma-lor work wa few and were madeofwoven bamboo lacquered called among the Thai of the later
thi may be explained from the tandint
and either gilded or painted with Ayudhya and early Bangk k periods.
of ta te. he Thai eem to prefer color pigment . Such lacquered ware In h1engmai in the pa t, the khern
to crowd the pace with variou figure wa called the kruang-khern after the or kam-ma-lor ware was es ent1al 1n
and d ign e en many of them ar name of a Thai ethnic group in the wedding ceremony a mo t of the
repeating uch a in painting the row Chiengtung province who were taken container for br1de pre ent were of
of deitie and the Buddha image and as war captive by King Kavila, the such a lacquered work uch a bowl
on the contrary the kam-ma-lor ruler of Chiengmai during the 18th tray and boxe . Many large trunk
de ign i uitable for a paceful cenery century A.D. The Khern were the for keeping clothe and garment wer
filling with few important ubject a original producer of the lacquered al o woven from bamboo lacquered
tho e found in the Japane e and ware and at Chiengmai they were and painted with the kam-ma-lor
hine e art. allowed to et up their own village de ign . Nowaday , the art of making
Another reason concerning the and earned their living from making kam-ma-lor would completely die out
fewnes of the kam-ma-lor work in lacquered ware. Apart from Northern ha it not been revived in Muan Bocontra
t to the popularity of the lai- Thailand, the khern lacquered ware ran where all the traditional art are
rod-nam which were used to decorate wa at o popular among the Shan and pre erved and pr meted with nthuia
the wat and religious cabinet may bt: the Burme e in Burma and they al o
m in Chi ngmai, although the art
that of technique. The kam-ma-lor i produced them to ell in the market. of makin the khcrn \are till continue
oard to era e as well a to prepare a The han and Burme e lacquered ware
and many peopl try to br1ng
it needs a careful blending bet~een differed from tho e of Chiengmai only back the tradition tyled boxe and
l acquer liquid and the required pig- in the tone of color; the fir t was of bowl of the olden day , it 1 with le
ment which in it turn poe many bright red while the latter turned a ucce ince the old pattern and technique
difficultie in drawing and cutting the bit darker. Judging from the developl
have already been lo t from
ine. A a result the kam- rna-lor ment of kam-ma-lor work 1n Thailand the memory of the pre ent gen ration.
de ign was mo tly found among the one i likely to que tion whether the
imple cabinet like the tu-kha-ku lacquered ware was produced in

•
'.. ~ • , .. ~. ~ ' ' I I .. I I ~ ~
uuu1n'UnL~lun cnunn1:auma \lll-1!1nftfl1 mauom'UU\Ili1ULLUU-111U '1 LLfiLliU\11~unouuufl1wuw:liL'VU\Ili1U
Kam-ma-lor lacquered bo for teamed alutonou rice, with blac paint in the interior and imple de ian or dark
and liaht tone on the out ide
Kam rna lor

... I II
lt u ln H ll1J1ltll'llfl-3fl'Ul1 Hal'U u 1 l no
... , .. I .. .. ..... II
llJ'U lJ lH tf1'UM1 nmol u mout~nm~'lo-,suuuunnu
... d ~ "' I I"' II II ...
I'll ou 111 uu llt'U no t~uun" ~1n u" 1on no-3
., ctl ~~ ' .. ., ... •
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... .. I II ...... -4.~ .. I ... .. ... I .. , ..
lt1JN1l-,suu 111 UlllJYIJJa nww::L-,s'Ul~tJ'lnlJI'tJ~ ln rn 'UtflJtJ hJ1ltll'llfl-3\1HmflnftH
Kam-ma-lor lacquered trunk for keeping clothes and garments
of the Lan Na Thai people in the past.
It was made of woven bamboo
coated with red paint and decorated with gold lines
in the same manner as the kam-ma-lor designs of the Central.
The tr.Jdition of keeping garments in the trunk
was also found among the Thai of the Centr.JI Plain.

•
•
-4 "' 'II .. 'II .. I
I'II!JU'H1J10l~UYIH0fi1JIL\J1JI'I1U(;l1!J 111 1N
al W af ftl el 1
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• -I I
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• ' ~ "" ., 4 "' •
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• ~.I .., • "' L o-4
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~ w ~ 4 t -4tl ~ w ,.j I
0 OU !JliU~li1Jl!Jtl~ N~tl 1UYl1JUi'l::l!l !JfiDUI \JUN~tllU
" "
~o~lmm~ult~ 'Htylm
., "' o J • w 'II ~ I -4 "' ,.j • I .. tl
Nft1Jil\J1 nn nn \JYI 11!l~rtuun::~" Llii1!J\Jntlunt::l111 muuYIUfltl1
Round 'haped bctal nut box
made Of \Hl\ell NlllOOO lacqu

" ~ " .... ~ .
Ynul ~.;un::'lfU\J'If1 vnu UJL'IJtJUtl1tJ011J::an
I ~ -4~' 4 .. 1.. .. I
tf'lU'IfU\J'If1 L'IJtlUtl1tlll\J\JLfl1 tl'IL'IJU Ufl L \J U tl1tJ'IIUfll 'lfcy
4 ..· 1 ~ ~ .. "
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~ I , .. " " •
u n::t~un ~ul'lfflfl l u n1v1n un"!"
Wooden tray and cigarette case.
The tray is painted with kam-ma-lor designs
while the cigarette case
with the khern -type pattern
Actually the khern designs con'i'ted
of small engraved lines filled
with color powder to make them
come out from the background.

'
' '
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Where was
Suvanabhum
Manit Vallibhotama
To the east of Suvana Kaum Kam the Chong- ren and the Muang. Vietnam instead ot Nam Yueh as
.
was the basin of the Tack R1ver. Durmg the reign of Emperor Wuti called by the Chinese. However, tho
Thi river con i ted of to main tribu- (140-87 B.C.), Nam Yueh was in- destiny of the nation was fluctuated
taries, the Tack Luang or the Red vaded by the Chinese troop and even-
between the Chinese domination and
River and the Tack No1, both origi- tually conquered in 111 B.C. The declaring independence. It was until
nated from the mountain and high country fell under the Chinese rule,
land in Yunan of
the 16th Century A.D. that Vietnam
outhern China. and was divided into 4 principalities, became fully independent and was
The Red River drained the region each of which was superv1.ed by a
around Hano1 while the Tack Noi Chinese governor.
to the south to it own territory. Lapassed
through Sib Song Chu Thai to
join the Red River 1n Hang Hua and Chinese emp1re, Chinese schools were
A.D. Vietnam was so strong and pothen
flowed down into the Bay of founded in the area around the Red
able to annex the kingdom of Champa
To integrate Nam Yueh to the ter in the middle of the 17 th Century
werful that it could extend its domi­
Tonkin. According to the hinese and the Black River to teach Chi- nation to the lower Mekhong basin
notes, about 400 year ago th1s region nese culture to the native.
So the which was once in tho territory of
was included 10 the country called culture and the way of life of the the Khmer in Cambodia.
This re­
Nam Yueh inhabited by the Ai-lao Nam Yueh people changed and .vere suited in the foundation of the city of
people who was divided into nume-
rous subgroups such as the Nung, Chinese.
heavily influenced by those of the Saig 1 as the main port city of the
In the later periods, the Kingdom.
the Chong, the Chung, the Chuang, people preferred to call their country
...

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The Reign of .
King Phra t-Jarai
Wiyada Tho ngmi tr
n a Jon~ history of Ayudhya, the enriched itself by ending its own mi ionarie to build their hurche
r.e.i&JJ Qj; King Phra Narai had marked hip to trade out ide its territory. in Ayudhya . Thi cau ed a ll the forone
of the mo t prosperou period Capable engineers and architects eigner who came to h1 k1ngd o m to
owing to the king' per anality and from France were ent to help the Thai l1ve in peace with th Tha1. A the
I
leader hip. Though being a on of 1n con tructing the city wall and adm1ni trator, the king wa capable in
King Prasat Thong, he wa not a forts all over the country and at the putt1ng a right man to the n ght job
rightful heir to the throne but u urped arne time a number of French officers and thi wa ev1dent from the pre enc
.
the crown by killing hi own brother were a igned to give military training of many competent per onage 111 hi
and uncle.
himself a the mo t
However, he had pro ed
uitable ruler of
to the Thai oldiers. A the re ult,
Ayudhya wa well equipped in protecthe
country in all re pect A a na - ting itself and, moreover, capable to
tional hero, he aved the country fro m extend it military power to capture
being threatened by th e Dutc h by
creating and promoting a lo e fnend -
Chiengmai and invade Burma.
court, many of whom were fore1gner
uch a
hao Phraya Wichayen who
erved him a a mini ter in the foreign
affair , The king knew how to elimi -
nate the conflict and bridge the gap
As the protector of the Buddhist among the Thai and the foreign offihip
with King Louie IV of France faiths and other religion in the coun- cer and thu have them erved the
and thu u ing the rench power to try, King Phra Narai had a firmed government effectively. In art and
calm down the arrogance of the Dutch
belief in Buddhi m. He refu ed to be architecture, the reign of King Phra
Through contact with France and converted to Chri tianity when per- Narai had innovated new technique ,
other foreign countrie . the country uaded by the French emperor Loui e tyle and patterns for both the relibenefited
a great deal in term of com- XIV. He followed what mo t tradi- gions and ecular phere . His royal
mercial intere t and military power. tiona) monarche had done in buil- palace and re idential hall in the
Ayudhya became the mo t pro perou ding and re toring wat and religiou city of Lopburi were an out tanding
city of commerce in Southea t A ia
monument . At the arne time he had example for a change in art tyle and
where foreigner both far and near no di crimination for other religion , technology. They stand until today as
came to trade and the country had for example. giving land to the French memorial for the glorie in hi
reign.
d. en

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Wooden frame to keep printed Buddha,
King Phra arai' reign,
Wat Yai
uvarnaram, Petchbun.
The undul ting line on the rim
of the frame bowing a blending character
of the
uropean rt
and the frame motif of the Thai des1gn
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B II tower m a de erted w t
in th city of Ayudhya
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r h
nd de orative de ign on the wmdow
fram whtch \\.3 influ n cd
from Kmg Pra
t Thong' reign.

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uropcan inrlucn ell de i •n
on a wind '' frame of the bod of \i at Klang \i ara v1harn
\!at Tako Thong ailed during the yudhy period) Kmg Phra .ara•'- reign.
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.. "' I .. I
tllii\JUtl1fl11~'UU10 lJUl'l1::\1111Utu ll~tl~11U1
Th bod of Wat Kl, ng w, ra viharn,
mut Prakarn
with uropcan mten ined pray d 1gn on the gable end.
Thi tru tur w:. popular during the later yudhya period,
pro bly influenced by th tyl of Wat Tawet
m King Phra rai' reign m yudhyn

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" .. . ..
Re. 1den e of Phra Buddha o . chJrn, \ at Buddhai aw n, udhya , Km • Phra arai' rei n. two t ri d buildmg with row
of pointed ar h \\ind \\ at the gr und fl r im11. r t tho c of the Du-.lt ·wan lhanya Maha Pra at Hall in p-Uun
Thi tyle of building were al o found m \at haoYaand \at TiiJ.. m yudhya.
I it was painted in the mural p;untin ., f later yudhya pen .

., )I ., I I ""
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L 1 unmn 1Lt'IIJ1\.I-ILLl1 \J LlJllfl \.ILL 1J1J'IIO-IL1JLtllJ1 tllJUO~ 11U111LO'UUt\1U'YL 1 'tl
B undary tone of K1ng Phra ara1\ rc1gn, 1n \ at Tong pu, Lop-Bun,
made of white nd t nc in u mall ll.c .
It bccam u model for oLher boundan· st nc of the later udhy period,

,., ... , • ~ ., .,, .... .., ~ .. ., J
l1U1UUO l UftCl1ft'Yl1l1t'11~ 0 11nfl11fllJ,'!ItJ'!I1ty 11~H1ft0 1~Yl0~ fl nUftlJtJU'llJ lnfl lt'ltJUII UUfft'IUftlJtJYi1::U111tJOI
I ' ~ ~ ... 'I fl
ll"t'l1ftt'l1tJI1lJIU tJ\.JIIUt'I·HUUlllJU IYltlllt\1
The g ble end of the bod of Wat Tha u ng, mphur W1 et ha1 harn, ngth ng, Kmg aromkaud' reign,
howmg a tu co de ign that evolved fr m th s m K1ng Phra am•' pcnod.
Ayudhya Art .
in the Reign of
King Phra Narai
Although the city f Ayudhya was of tho e of Ayudhy. ·ore ample the jai and tht mother of pearl in laid
de troyed by the Burme e in the middle Du it Maha Pra at Hall in the royal door in Wat Phra Kaeo wer all
of the 17th century A. D. it art and palace wa modelled after the uriyat continuity of the Ayudhya tyle . The
architecture had by no mean lo t Amarin Hall in Ayudhya; the carving glory of Ayudhya art eemed to com
with it. They were pro perou I decoration and tucco de ign in Wat to an end after the third reign when
urvived in the early Bangkok period, Phra Kaeo and Wat Suwanaram new tyles and architectural form
a all the art style and building of mural painting in the Buddhai Sawan which were a mixture of the uropean
the new capital were made in imitation Hall and in the bod of Wat angkha- and the traditional art developed and

Nor Na Paknam
, tl , ~ ,~ ., d • ., ' ., ., ., '
HU.l\1\J 1'1 91~tl~fl1tl1n11Lu1 u ty fill U'ri1::u 111u 01 n n HU-l 1\JtJUIIHtllJ , tiHu 1tllHlUtJ u nn ,n
-4 "" I ., , I u .I II -4 " "' , I "' " "' .._ I. I "' I
'U I tJ \Jtl1fl1n \J II 10U ~ lJ tJ \J 111UlJ \JtJ \JYl\1\J 1tJ 'U Mt\j 0 tll1\J 1tJ \JtJ 0\J n II Gil lfl t11U 01::'il ~ l ltt\j
, .1 ' "' tl' ol 1 tl tl "' .,j tl I '"'
M u911lJII\J1tJ1\1~1U l,l1::HU1'11~1tl0 fl~lllltllJtltl~~H tl'Uitl'Uli\J 1'1 1~11tJtJlollfl
The front wall of ala-karn-parien h 11 m Kmg Phra arat re 1 gn,
howing a bri k wall that wa . built to reach the ridge of the roof;
no tuc ode oration on the g ble end and pierced
with pomted arch wmdow. of th gothiC tyl .
became widely popular from the fourth
and the fifth re1gn . However a
looking back to the history of Ayudhya
uch a blending with the foreign art
wa not at all a novel thing. It u ed
to happen in the reign of King Pbra
arai due to a heavy contact with the
French. During thi period all the
architectural tyle had departed coniderably
from the former one . For
example the lyle and form of the
viharn and bod of Wat Dharm-mikaraj
Wat Na Pbra Meru and Wat Phra Sri
anpetch which were typical of the
early Ayudhya and tho e of Wat
Ka atiyaram in the middle Ayudhya
period had come to the abrupt end.
Wtth the dvent of the rencb
engine r and architect to help in
con tructing city fort and palace
building in the reign of King Phra
Narai, it cau ed the Tha1 architecture
to develop along the uropean line.
Taking the gue t house or T\lk Wicbayen
a a tarting point one will ee a
group of two toried tructure built in
brick furni hed w ith pointed arch and
rectangular window with triangular
niche of the Renai ance style
decorated abov . The pointed arch
window door and niche became a
pecial characteri tic of thi period and
appeared everywhere particularly in
mo t building and palace wall and
gate in Lop Bur i. The out tanding
palace hall of thi period wa the Du it
awan-thanya Maha Pra at where
King Phra Narai gave aud1ence to the
Frence amba ador in 1674 A.D. It
wa equipped with arch door and
decorated ~ ith m irror in the interior.
orne other French tyled arch1tecture
ttll rem ined today m Lop-Buri are
Tuk Pijou and Tuk Kora an which are
u ed a monk cubicle 1n Wat ao
Thong thong.
.u:

tu cod c rat10n on a m II n1che ma tupaofWat hong onthn, Bangkol.
King Phra arai' reign;
the dec rativc de. ign wcr imil. r to tho c 1n Wat Tawct Ayudhya .
The uropean tyled architecture
10 the reign of King Phra Narai had
con iderably influenced many religiou
building of the following .period . It
created a tradition of piercing a row
of window on the side wall of the
bod and viharn to give a full light to
the building.
At fir t the e window
appeared in pointed arch form but
later changed to take a rectangular
hape which could be ob erved in the
bod of Wat Barom Buddharam and
Wat Kudi Dao in Ayudhya. Another
invention from the reign of King Phra
arai wa the con truction of the back
wall of the building with brick to
reach the ridg of the roof; thi
a good
the upper
gave
u tention for the weight of
tructure so enough that
they could liminate two rows of the
supporting pillar in the interior found
among the former
tructure to give
more pace for the building. There ull
of such an innovation wa that it made
the bod and viharn of thi
period
although mall in ize when compared
to tho e of the former period
well
ventilated and have a broader space
in ide. AI o on the gable end the
decoration changed from wood
carvings to tucco de ign inc th
brick wall were e tended to reach the
ridge of the roof. However in the later
period, a many larger
ized bod and
viharnwere built, it wa nece ary to add
rov of the upporting pillar tn the
interior a
before but the gable end
still maintained tucco decoration .

. . .
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W ieng ar1d Wang . duriD.g
the AyudhYa Period
Srisakara Vallibhotama
..
The term wieng and wang share a wall while wang functioned a a fenced ting land in village outside the city
common character in that both connoting
re idence of the k1ng and pnnce wall. The ruled people would need to
an enclo ed area but of differen~ in ide the city wall. Before the Ayud- evacuate into the city or town in time
size and function. Architecturally and hya period it eemed hard to di ting- of war or raid by the enemy so it left
archaeologically they fully developed ui h wang from the wieng a it con i - the town remain vacant for their
into a separated entity omet1me ted of wooden tructure like hou e rulers in time of peace. As a result,
during the Ayudhya period, probably of courtiers and bureaucrat who the wieng was likely to function as
from the reign of King Trailok (1448 formed a ruling cia s re iding in the the wang and most of them had a
- 1488) onward. Wieng mean an en. city or town in contra t to the ruled mall ize of less than I kilometre in
clo ed area of the city or town wh 1ch who were geared by their own farming. diameter.
wa urrounded by moat and fortified occupation to live clo e to their plan-

Before the reign of King Trailok, state were performed. But when the ged a a political and religious cjty of
when artillery bad not yet been in- wang or the royal palace was establis- a divine monarch, while outside it
troduced into the kingdom, most of hed in the city of Ayudhya, the Icing within the city wall wa the nagara
the cities and towns of both irregular had Wat Phra Sri Sanpetch built where bureaucrat merchant and
or geometrical shape were surrounded within the palace wall as the most commonor of variou career ettled
with moat and rammed earth; and in
certain regions like the kingdoms of
Sulchothai and Lan Na in the north,
many town were protected by two
moat and three earthen walls. With
the introduction of artillery sometime
during the reign of KingTrailolc, the
pattern of warfare underwent a change
and thi was archaeologically manife
ted by the construction of fortified
wall of the city with brick or laterite
equipped with merion and fort along
the European line. "Early citie that
came up with such a new protective
wall were Kampaeng Petch and Sri
Satchanalai or hieng hun (a called
in Lilit Yuan Phai, a poem relatiflg
war between Ayudhya and LanNa in
the reign of King Trailok). Among
them the capital city of Ayudhya wa
highly developed as the rpyal palace
was first built in brick and fenced
with triple brick wall. It exi ted like
a small city within a larger one. Before
important wat of the city. so the centre down. Secondly, governmental and
or" the city moved from Wat Maha admini trative reform initiated by
Dhat to the royal palace where the King Trailolc had effect on the exclumain
wat wa included. This cau ed a ion of the king and royal family from
change in the traditional pattern of the commoners; here the palotial Law
the city. Here one may view the centre (kod-montien- ban) wa in trumental
of the univer e shifting to the wang in creating social di tanceand political
where the reltgion and secular power ecurity for the royal family . Thirdly,
existed side by ide. The wang became richne deriving from trade and
a microco m of the univer e and thi commerce a well a technological
wa reflected from many literary innovations due to contact with forworks
and foreign note that prai ed eigner cau ed the king to ameliorate
the glory of Ayudhya from the beauty thetr re idence and at the ametime
of the palace hall and building; th con olidate their wang wtth fortificamost
obviou and meaning full of all tion .
wa the Kam uan Sri Praj that . ay Apart from the royal palace, other
"Ayudhya pro per under the triple IVang of imilar tructure were al o
wall'"
built for the high ranking prince in
That the wang became the hean the city of Ayudhya; thi wa due to
of the city of Ayudhya can al o be the aboli hment of the muang-lukexplained
from many ocio-economic luang (a practice of ending high
factor . Fir t of all, the city wa no ranking prince to rule princip_al
longer a centre of agricultural ociety town ) in the reign of King Trailok
as in the former period; it wa a centre, which re ulled in keeping the high
King Trailok, the heart of the city of commerce and communication where ranking prince within the capital
was usually conceived of a Wat Maha merchant from within and without city. A good example of the wang of
Dhat, a large wat in which the Relic the country came in to and fro and theca e tn point was Wang bankraof
the Buddha and other important as a re ult, there were numbers of em which wa a igned for the econd
cult objects were en hrined and the people of different occupation living King of Ayudhya.
important religious ceremonie of the in ide the city wall. The wang emer-

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Map f the I land of yudhya by the ·uropcan, how1ng the Patong r d in a tra1gh t hne
with a road i land planting wath tree. in the middle. This r
QO
d pa . ing by Wa t Barom Buddha ram to the royal pa lace.
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UN'UYl!l'UifiVUfl::fttl1lJ ft1Jtl'l'll::'U111!JQI L,ll'Ulfl!l'lf11~ 'lu
Map of India and inm by the uropean 10 the re1gn of Kmg Phra Narai.
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A
. .
ketch drawmg to dep1ct the woman and children of Ayudhyn
during King Phra
nrai' reign by M. De In Loubere

• ., .. " ., ~ ., J , .. ., "" ~ ., ., ~ ' .1 .,
lllOOllJ::ao 1JllNlHt10 U'l1flllllltln 1flft1::1nfl fl tnJnlJOYI1::lll11!Jt\l II ftfl-3 1 t1 U1 ll~flfHfltlUftflllJfiOnnllhlnlJ!Jllll I~ ll u1::fl1-l!Jtlflllt1tllJ
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The kam-ma-lor deign on the outer wall of the library of Wat
ket. K1ng Phra Nara•' re1gn, depictmg the a rc tt-c tural tyle
of the palace gate and building in the me way as what appeared m the mural pamting of Wat Yom m Ayudl ~ .1

• ~ ., "' ., ~ ., d cf .... ~ " .,
n1vn11J::no t'\Jvuuurhnu-l~HI\Jtln l1 tl, fl1 1~n1::1nfl fl U?llJVl'l1::ll111 01 tUlln1Vl'!1 1fl'II11U1l1Lllt'llJVtl~1!V1
The l-am-rna lor Jc~mgn\ on the. outer \\,til of the library M Wat :1!-ct Ktng Phra arai\ reign,
deptcttng a s en eon the village life of 1\) udhya

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The pediment of Uhowtl W,ll rang.
Dhonbun.
'tu ~:n rl!licf of Phra arai Pcriod,
~hO\\In • f't'p-pa-nom in I Olll \lyle .
.... ., .. ..., ., J
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rigure of urope~n
m K1ng Phra
old1er.
arai' .reign
on a book cabinet
m the mu eum of Wat Po, Bangkok

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'1'11::11'!11~\J111fJtl.l11'!1lH1ff)-l The ara1 RaJ3niwet Palace.

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The ara1 RaJJnl\~et Palace, the :rm I of the old glor; 1n the re1gn of K1ng Phra ara1.

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Rabbit with Three Legs
Suwanna Kriengkraipetch
Among the That the term kra-tai am Archan Kong had to give up his inq- carrytng a mall fi h which wa ai
kha which i tran lated a "a rabbit uiry. Later he was taught the magic Stngh in disguise 1n 1t beck and fled
with three leg " an allegorical of making him elf invisible from the to Nonbur1 where he et free of at
phrase for calling or comparing with monk but instead of using it in a Singh. In tead of behavtng him elf 1n
any per on who 1 tubborn to ht good way, he neaked in to the royal the right path, Nai ingh wa ttll
wrong opinion and idea to the end. palace to steal the food to eat. He did leadtng a notorious ltfe and at the
The origtn of this phra e IS ttll con- it several time and at the end wa end took a death punt hment without
trover ial but many belteve that 1t arrested by the palace guard . A death any help from hi own teacher a
was handed down from the Ayudhya puni hment wa pa ed on him but by before.
period. There wa a tory about a the time he wa about to be executed,
To many people thi tory of
magtcal monk, Phra Archan Kong hi teacher, Arch an Kong came to help ''rabbit with three leg .. ha been
who t ok up re idence m Wat Buddhai htm. Before the monk took actton tn known a a ociated wtth Wat Budd hat
Sa wan, Ayudhya. lie had two tudent , aving him he again asked the convic. Sawan tnce the Ayudhya period. but
Nat hat and Nat tngh who llved ted man about the number of the however, a tory like thts wa al o
wtth him in the wat. One day ht roa ted rabbtt. The an wer wa till told in Nakhon Sri Thammarat in
rabbit wa killed by a dog and the three leg . Archan Kong who wa outhern Thailand. The difference
monk then ordered Nat ingh to roa t touched with hi tudent' single min- wa only the animal of the ca e 1n
1t for his meal. The boy wa o temp- dedne took pity on him and then point wa a chevrotain- k ra- JOng am
ted by the deltctou mell of the ro ted u ed hi magic to free him from the kha. At the pre ent t1me th1 allego.
animal that he tole one of 1t leg to execuuon. Later the king knew that rica! phra e-kra-t:1i am kha eem to
eat. At lunch the monk ob erved that 1t was the help of Archan Kong that be distorted a kra-tai kha deow or a
one of the rabbit' leg wa mi ing set free the convtcted, so he ordered rabbit with one leg although it
and then que tioned the boy about it. the soldier to follow them to the ymbolical meantng till per 1 t .
Nai Singh replied that the rabbit had wat. To e cape from being captured
three ll:gs and still confirmed it until the monk disgui ed himself a a heron

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Lo Cl1ing Cha
{Swing Festival)
Kanchanagabhun
One important ceremony recognized
by tho e of Bhramin religion celebrated
in recognitton of the New Year i
the Lo Ching Cha ( Swing) Festival.
The said ceremony was celebrated
and recognized by those of Buddhist
religion since of old under royal patronage
of King .
The Bhramins are devided into
two groups. One recognize the God
Siva as their highe t e teem and more
uperior the God Narai ( Narayana)
call the Swing Fe ttval ''Triyampa-
wai". One that recognize Narai their Fe tival, ba ed on the belief that the
htghest e teem god have named the God Narai de cended tQ earth follow
festival "Tripawai".
tng the God tva' biddings.
Based on hi torian fact , Bhramin The preparation for the ceremony
who tntroduced their religion to the include numerou detail and is recpeople
especially the cttizen of Na- ognizcd a reltgiou . or e ample :
korn Srt ThammaraJ are Bhramtn the Swing it elf mu t be made of copwho
worship the God Stva. Thu per and the ceremony it elf i accomthe
Thai' celebratton of the fe tival panied by ritual of pomp pagentry
i carried out according to Bhramin
of the Stva cult.
and the fe tivities not to forget the
splender of the main pr~ce sion.
However, Bhramins who wor htp
the God Stva also celebrate the Swtng
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Lacquered a nd glided ripture abinet from Wa t Hong. Ra tanaram , tle;icting the . tory o f Rama , a n ther rcincaru ti n of i hnu,
eogag d in com t with Ravana . Km Rama IV period .
eo~

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tJ
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