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Ozonização do efluente de extração alcalina e ... - Revista O Papel

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O<br />

4QrjUCj Techn calArticle<br />

4zoniza ao <strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> <strong>de</strong> extra<br />

ao <strong>alcalina</strong><br />

e seu impacto sobre a bio<strong>de</strong>gradabilida<strong>de</strong><br />

ao <strong>do</strong> peso<br />

e distribui<br />

compostos organicos<br />

Autoresl trstfao s Daniel Reis Me<strong>de</strong>iros<br />

Eduar<strong>do</strong> Cleto Piresz<br />

Madjid hIohseni<br />

Palavras shave compostos recalcitrantes distribuir ao<br />

<strong>do</strong> peso molecular extrarrao <strong>alcalina</strong> ozonio processor<br />

oxidantes avanra<strong>do</strong>s<br />

RESUMO<br />

O impacto da oxidarao com ozonio na transformarao <strong>de</strong><br />

compostos organicos <strong>de</strong> eleva<strong>do</strong> peso molecularHMtiU para<br />

o aumento da bio<strong>de</strong>gradabilida<strong>de</strong> <strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> <strong>de</strong> extrar ao<br />

<strong>alcalina</strong> for irnrestiga<strong>do</strong> sob diferentes valores iniciais <strong>de</strong> pH<br />

12 e 7 Os experimentos foram realiza<strong>do</strong>s em um reator em<br />

escala <strong>de</strong> laboratorio equipacla com difusor <strong>de</strong> bolhas finas<br />

Os resulta<strong>do</strong>s revelaram o potential da aplicac ao <strong>de</strong> ozonio<br />

comopre tratamento ao processo biologico conventional<br />

Apos a aplicar ao<strong>de</strong> 1 mmol a razao 03L DHOSIDQO<br />

for elevada <strong>de</strong> 07 para016 e022 para pH initial 12 e 7<br />

respectivamente Alem disso a cor <strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> for reduzida<br />

em 4R e 61sob pH initial 12 e 7 respectivamente Essas<br />

modiflca oesforam alcan adas por umareduc aonasfra oes<br />

<strong>de</strong> eleva<strong>do</strong> peso molecular durante a aplicarao <strong>de</strong> ozonio<br />

Aproximadamente 80<strong>do</strong>s compostos organicos com peso<br />

Referencias <strong>do</strong>s Autores 1 AErthors references<br />

molecular <strong>do</strong>s<br />

Keywords Advanced oxidation alkaline bleach ef<br />

fluent molecular weight distribution ozone recalci<br />

tram cotTipounds<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

The impact ofozoneoxidation on transfor raing high<br />

molecular weight HM7 organics in or<strong>de</strong>r to improve<br />

the bio<strong>de</strong>gradabilit ofall aline bleach plant effluent<br />

was investigated un<strong>de</strong>a different initial pH 12 and<br />

The eeperiments were cons7ucted in aserrai batch reactor<br />

equippedwith afine bubble diffuser<br />

The resulis slaawed<br />

thepotentialfor using ozone as apre tF eatrrzer7t to the<br />

conventional biological treatment Af eapplying around<br />

13 mmol DMZ ofwastewater the ralxo ofBDDjICC D<br />

increasedfrom 07to016and022for initial pH 12<br />

and 7 respectively Alsorhe effluent colour <strong>de</strong>creased<br />

by8and 61 at initt al pH 12 and pH 7 respectively<br />

These changes wereprimar alydr zven byreductx ortsfthe IlYT7fractionsof the effluent during ozonation Approxi<br />

mately SO ofthe orgciTZics with molecular weight higher<br />

Doutorantlo Departamento <strong>de</strong> Hitlraulica a Saneamento Avenitla Trabalha<strong>do</strong>rSao carlense400 Universitlatle <strong>de</strong> Sao Paulo Sao Carlos SP 13560 970 Brasil<br />

PhDSfu<strong>de</strong>nf Uepart enf of Hydraulics and SanitaryEn trneerin0 AvenidaTratr lh <strong>do</strong>rSao rlenseCOQ Llnrversr yof So Paulo SaoCrlos SFi3 i60 970 Brazr<br />

Email danielrm sc usp hr<br />

Professor Titular Depaitamento tle Hitlraulica e Saneamento Av Trabalha<strong>do</strong>rSoo carlense 400 Universitlatle <strong>de</strong> Sao Paulo Sao SP<br />

Carlos 13560 970 Brasil<br />

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EmailecpiresC 3sc usp br<br />

Associate Professor Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering 236D East Mall University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z Canatla<br />

ate F sso nertt cfGhen ralandBd hwrralEngn rng73ti0Cast19a11 tlnrversrly<br />

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oP B rrsr Colombia Uarec terLi16T 1Z3 Canaria<br />

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molecular superior a Kg m of foram converti<strong>do</strong>s epos a apli<br />

cao <strong>de</strong> cerca <strong>de</strong> 20 mmol <strong>de</strong> ozonio por litro <strong>de</strong> <strong>efluente</strong><br />

INTRDDU AO<br />

Os <strong>efluente</strong>s gera<strong>do</strong>s pela industria da celulose apresen<br />

tam <strong>de</strong> forma geral eleva<strong>do</strong> colorarao <strong>de</strong>vi<strong>do</strong> a presence<br />

<strong>de</strong> gran<strong>de</strong>r quantida<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> compostos<br />

clora<strong>do</strong>s <strong>de</strong>riva<strong>do</strong>s<br />

<strong>de</strong> lignina <strong>de</strong> alto peso molecular HIviW Pokhrel e ira<br />

raghavan 2004 e tambem gran<strong>de</strong> quantida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> compostos<br />

organicos biorrefratarios que contribuem Para sua baixa<br />

bio<strong>de</strong>gradabilida<strong>de</strong> Dahlman etal 1995 mostraram que a<br />

fra ao <strong>de</strong> compostos <strong>de</strong> eleva<strong>do</strong> peso molecular contri bui<br />

com cerca <strong>de</strong> 60 da DQO <strong>de</strong>manda quimica <strong>de</strong> oxigenio<br />

total presente no <strong>efluente</strong> gera<strong>do</strong> pela etapa <strong>de</strong> extra ao<br />

<strong>alcalina</strong> Alem disco estu<strong>do</strong>s recentes mostram o potential<br />

mutagenico e carcinogenico <strong>de</strong> <strong>efluente</strong>s <strong>do</strong> branqueamento<br />

<strong>de</strong> diversas industries brasileiras Rosa 1997 Apesar <strong>de</strong><br />

lidarem tomum <strong>efluente</strong> com as caracteristicas apresentadas<br />

anteriormente a maioria <strong>do</strong>s industrial <strong>de</strong> papel<br />

e celulose<br />

tem a<strong>do</strong>ta<strong>do</strong> processor biologicos Como lo<strong>do</strong>s ativa<strong>do</strong>s lago<br />

as aeradas e processor anaerobios pare otratamento final <strong>do</strong>s<br />

agues residuarias Else tipo <strong>de</strong> tratamento tem se mostra<strong>do</strong><br />

eficiente na redur ao<strong>de</strong> compostos organicos bio<strong>de</strong>gradaveis e<br />

soli<strong>do</strong>s suspensor Porem o tratamento biologico conven io<br />

nal e incapaz <strong>de</strong> eliminar a materia organica recalcitrante <strong>de</strong><br />

dificil bio<strong>de</strong>grada aoWelan<strong>de</strong>r etal 1997 e sua aplicarao<br />

<strong>de</strong> forma isolada talvez nao seja suficiente pare satisfazer os<br />

crescentes limiter na emissao <strong>de</strong> <strong>efluente</strong>s<br />

Consi<strong>de</strong>ran<strong>do</strong> seessas limitaCOes diferentes estrategias<br />

<strong>de</strong> tratamento Como a combinacrao <strong>de</strong> processor avan<br />

a<strong>do</strong>s tom processor biologicos po<strong>de</strong>riam ser a<strong>do</strong>tadas<br />

Para a melhoria da qualida<strong>de</strong> <strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> produzi<strong>do</strong> pelas<br />

industries <strong>de</strong> papel e celulose Estu<strong>do</strong>s <strong>de</strong>monstram que<br />

a oxida ao<strong>de</strong> compostos refratarios resulta<br />

em aumento<br />

da bio<strong>de</strong>gradabilida<strong>de</strong> diminuin<strong>do</strong> o tempo necessario<br />

pare a biorremecliacrao Scott e Ollis 1995 Mantzavinos<br />

e Psillikis 2004 Em particular a oxidar ao tom ozonio<br />

comopre tratamento segui<strong>do</strong> por processor biologicos<br />

tem li<strong>do</strong> estudada pare o tratamento <strong>de</strong> diversos <strong>efluente</strong>s<br />

industriais incluin<strong>do</strong> os gera<strong>do</strong>s pela<br />

industria da celu<br />

lose Mao e Smith 199 Wang et al 2004 halcioglu et<br />

al 2006 Esser estu<strong>do</strong>s mostraram que o use <strong>de</strong> ozonio<br />

comopre tratamento<br />

resultou em aumento da <strong>de</strong>manda<br />

bioquimica <strong>de</strong> oxigenio DhOS e da remar ao <strong>de</strong> tor<br />

embora pouco ou nenhuma redu ao na <strong>de</strong>manda quimica<br />

<strong>de</strong> oxigenio DQO e carbono organico total COT Alem<br />

disco estu<strong>do</strong>s revelam que a oxida aotom ozonio po<strong>de</strong><br />

converter compostos organicos <strong>de</strong> eleva<strong>do</strong> peso molecular<br />

HMW em compostos <strong>de</strong> baixo peso molecular LMW<br />

there 5 Kg rnol were converted after applying arour7d<br />

20 mmol cf ozone per liter of wastewater<br />

INTROD ICTION<br />

Bleaching plant effluents are usuall7 hzgh<br />

ly coloured due to the preser2ce of elevated<br />

arraourzts ofhigh molecrrlar weightH1IY<br />

chlorinated ligr2iva <strong>de</strong>rivatives Pakhrel and<br />

hiraraghavara 2000 arzd rich ire biorefractory<br />

amounts ofbiorefracto organic compounds<br />

which contribute to its poor bio<strong>de</strong>gradability<br />

Dcalalmarr et al 1995 showed thatHll IYTIcona<br />

poua ds cor2tr ibute to about 60 ofthe COD of<br />

an alkaline bleach effluent In addition studies<br />

have shown the mutagenic arad carcinogenic<br />

potential of bleaching effluents from Brazil<br />

ian pulp mills Rosa 19971revertheless most<br />

industries have a<strong>do</strong>pted biological processes<br />

such as activated sludge aerated lagoor z ar2d<br />

anaerobr cprocessesfor wastewatertre atrraent<br />

These processes have been effectively usedfor<br />

re ducirag bio<strong>de</strong>gradable organic compounds<br />

and suspen<strong>de</strong>d solids However they are unable<br />

to eliminate hardly recalcitrant bio<strong>de</strong>gradable<br />

orgara icmatter Welanc er et al 1997 arzd may<br />

riotbe eraou gh to satisfy the increasi rglydi s<br />

clzarge limitre rtrictioras<br />

Corasi<strong>de</strong>r irag these limitations different<br />

treatment strategies such as the eornbirzation<br />

ofadvanced oxidation proce sse s aid biologi<br />

cal process could be a<strong>do</strong>pted to irraprove the<br />

quality ofpulp ar2d paper mills wastewater<br />

Oxidation ofrefr actort compounds has been<br />

<strong>de</strong>monstrated to result irr bio<strong>de</strong>gradability erz<br />

haracement <strong>de</strong>creasing the necessary timefor<br />

biorerraediation Scott and Dllis 1993 Alant<br />

aavinos arzd Psillkis 2000 Ire particular the<br />

use ofozone oxidation as apre treatmentfol<br />

lowed by biological process has been studied<br />

for the treatment f many radustr ial wastewa<br />

ters including those gevaer atedfrom pulp trains<br />

slilao andbmith 1995tt ang et al 200<br />

Balcioglu et al 2006 These studies have<br />

shovers that the use of ozone as apre treatment<br />

was effective at increasing bioch ernical<br />

oxygen<br />

<strong>de</strong>naarad BOD arzd removing colour <strong>de</strong>spite<br />

little orro reduction iva cherraical oxygen <strong>de</strong><br />

mand COD arzd total organic carbon TOC<br />

Also studies have shown that ozone oxidation


O<br />

resultan<strong>do</strong> em aumento da bio<strong>de</strong>gradabilida<strong>de</strong> Bijan e<br />

Mohseni 2005 Morals et cal 2007 Compostos <strong>de</strong> baixo<br />

peso molecular ten<strong>de</strong>m a ser mais hiclrofilicos resultan<strong>do</strong><br />

em maior biodisponibilida<strong>de</strong> enquanto que a presen a<strong>de</strong><br />

Compostos <strong>de</strong> eleva<strong>do</strong> peso<br />

molecular leva a uma maior<br />

recalcitrancia <strong>de</strong>vi<strong>do</strong> a natureza aromatics ehi ofobica<br />

cla m ateria organics Kerc et al 2004<br />

A analise da distribuirao <strong>do</strong> peso molecular po<strong>de</strong><br />

revelar a resposta e o comportamento<br />

<strong>de</strong> diferentes<br />

fra oes durante o processo <strong>de</strong> oxidac ao Wang et al<br />

2006 Neste estu<strong>do</strong> foi investigada a distribui ao <strong>do</strong><br />

peso molecular <strong>do</strong>s Compostos organicos presentes no<br />

<strong>efluente</strong> gera<strong>do</strong> pela etapa <strong>de</strong> extra ao<strong>alcalina</strong> <strong>do</strong> bran<br />

queamento ap6s ser submeti<strong>do</strong> a diferentes <strong>do</strong>ses <strong>de</strong><br />

ozonio sob diferentes valores iniciais <strong>de</strong> pH atraves da<br />

utiliza ao <strong>de</strong> cromatografia <strong>de</strong> exclusao par tamanho <strong>de</strong><br />

alto <strong>de</strong>sempenho HPSEC Diferentes frar oes <strong>de</strong> peso<br />

molecular foram obtidas e quantificadas A partir <strong>do</strong>s<br />

resulta<strong>do</strong>s obti<strong>do</strong>s concluiu se que aplicar ao<strong>de</strong> ozonio<br />

e um meto<strong>do</strong> eficiente especialmente na conversao <strong>de</strong><br />

Compostos recalcitrantes <strong>de</strong> eleva<strong>do</strong> peso molecular<br />

presentes no <strong>efluente</strong> da industria <strong>do</strong> papel e celulose e<br />

no aumento <strong>de</strong> sus bio<strong>de</strong>gradabilida<strong>de</strong><br />

MATERIAIS E METDDDS<br />

Para a realizar ao <strong>de</strong>ssa pesquisa<br />

foram utilizadas<br />

amostras <strong>de</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> gera<strong>do</strong> na etapa <strong>de</strong> extrar ao<strong>alcalina</strong><br />

<strong>do</strong> branqueamento da celulose fornecidas pela industria<br />

Howe Sound Pulp and Paper localizada na provincia <strong>de</strong><br />

British Columbia Canada Essa industria produz cerca<br />

<strong>de</strong> 350 000 toneladas <strong>de</strong> celulose Kraftobtida principal<br />

mente <strong>de</strong> Western Hemlock O processo <strong>de</strong> branquea<br />

mento e realiza<strong>do</strong> em 5 estagios00 DEop DED e o<br />

<strong>efluente</strong> foi caracteriza<strong>do</strong> assim que recebi<strong>do</strong> e armaze<br />

na<strong>do</strong> a 4C ate a sus utilizar aoA Tabela I apresenta as<br />

Tabela 1 Caracteristicas iniciais <strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> <strong>de</strong> extra ao<strong>alcalina</strong><br />

bfe 1lr itilch racfetrstr cf the alk3lir7ebt rh effluerf<br />

pH<br />

Alcalinida<strong>de</strong> total mgCaCO3lL I Tofal alkaliraify angCaC03tJ<br />

Cor UCI CalUUr CUj<br />

ccan convert high molecular weight H1v1T Y<br />

organics into low molecular weight ZMW<br />

compounds resulting in bio<strong>de</strong>gradability en<br />

hancement Bijan and llohseni 2005 Morais<br />

et al 200 J LlI ILV molecules tend to be more<br />

hydrophilic resulting iaz greaterbr oavailabil<br />

ity whereas the presence ofH1TY compounds<br />

leads to amore recalcitrance due to the aro<br />

matic and hydrophobic nature ofthe organic<br />

matter Kerc et al 2004<br />

lulolecular weight distributa onanalysis can<br />

reveal the response and behavior of different<br />

fractions during oxidation processes LT ang et<br />

al 2006J In this study the molecular weight<br />

clista ibutionf the organic compounds pre se nt<br />

in an alkaline bleach plant effluent after receiv<br />

ing dzffererzt <strong>do</strong>ses of ozone at different initial<br />

pH was investigated using high performance<br />

size exclusion chromatography HPSEC Dif<br />

ferent molecular weight ranges were obtained<br />

and quantified From these results it was pos<br />

sible to conclu<strong>de</strong> that tlae application of ozone<br />

is an effective method especially at converting<br />

the HlulYtr recalcitrant compounds present in the<br />

pulp and paper wastewater and increasing its<br />

bio<strong>de</strong>gradability<br />

MATfR1ALS ANd MfTAODS<br />

fllkaline bleach plant effluent was obtainedfrom<br />

Howe Sound Pulp arzd Paperlill in British Co<br />

lumhia Canada The rraillpr oduces about 350 000<br />

tonnes ofkrcft pulp annually mainly fS om Western<br />

Hemlock softwood The bleachingpa ocess consists<br />

of5 stagesYJO DEop LEDJand the effluent was<br />

fully analyzed upon receipt and stored at4C until<br />

COT mglL TOCmg LJ 1970 35<br />

DQO mglL COD anyiLJ 4782 45<br />

DBDS mglL BOD mg LJ 338 45<br />

DBDSlDOO IBOD CD 07 009<br />

Compostos cam MW 1 Kg mol o lCo npot rnr suith ti9f J 1 Kgr1 1 65 75<br />

11<br />

1621<br />

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caracteristicas iniciais <strong>do</strong><br />

Os experimentos foram realiza<strong>do</strong>s<br />

em um reator<br />

acrilico tubular com 7 cm <strong>de</strong> diametro interno e 20<br />

cm <strong>de</strong> altura equipa<strong>do</strong> com um difusor localiza<strong>do</strong> na<br />

sue parte inferior Figure 1 O ozonio foi produzi<strong>do</strong><br />

por um gera<strong>do</strong>r <strong>de</strong> ozoniol2o<strong>de</strong>lo RMU16 lbAZCO<br />

Ind Canada a partir <strong>de</strong> ar rico em oxigenio Uma<br />

unida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> Adsorr aocom Alternancia <strong>de</strong> Pressao PSA<br />

Nlo<strong>de</strong>loAS 12 AIRSEP Corp USA foi utilizada<br />

para elevar a concentra ao<strong>de</strong> oxigenio no ar e remover<br />

impurezas O gera<strong>do</strong>r <strong>de</strong> ozonio produz gas<br />

continua a uma concentraCao <strong>de</strong>104<br />

<strong>de</strong> forma<br />

x 103mmol mL<br />

utilizan<strong>do</strong> se uma vazao <strong>de</strong> 500 mL min O gas nao<br />

consumi<strong>do</strong> no reator foi quantifica<strong>do</strong> e <strong>de</strong>strui<strong>do</strong> por<br />

um analisa<strong>do</strong>r <strong>de</strong> ozonio Ma<strong>de</strong>loHA 200GTP Rankin<br />

Ozone Systems Ltd Canada<br />

Procedimento experimental<br />

A ozoniza ao foi realizada a temperature ambiente<br />

<strong>de</strong> 23 C em amostras <strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> com valores iniciais <strong>de</strong><br />

pH ajusta<strong>do</strong>s para 12 e 7 O ajuste <strong>do</strong> pH<br />

foi realiza<strong>do</strong><br />

utilizan<strong>do</strong> seNaOH e HC1 O processo <strong>de</strong> oxida ao foi<br />

realiza<strong>do</strong> em batelada utilizan<strong>do</strong> se 500 mL <strong>de</strong> <strong>efluente</strong><br />

sob diferentes intervalos <strong>de</strong> tempo Ao final <strong>de</strong> ce<strong>de</strong> tempo<br />

to<strong>do</strong> o volume foi retira<strong>do</strong>para analise A concentra ao<strong>do</strong><br />

ozonio nao consumi<strong>do</strong>off gas foi coletada e quantificada<br />

em intervalos <strong>de</strong> 15 segun<strong>do</strong>s atraves <strong>do</strong> analisa<strong>do</strong>r <strong>de</strong> ozo<br />

nio e plotada versus tempo A curve obtida foi integrada<br />

para<br />

estimative <strong>do</strong> ozonio total nao consumi<strong>do</strong> A <strong>do</strong>se<br />

use Table I shows the efftuenr properties<br />

Ozone oxidation experiments were carried out in a<br />

semi batch bubble column reacior Plexiglas height<br />

20 cm internal diamer er 7 crn equipped with aJive<br />

bubble diffuser at the bottom as shown in Figure 1<br />

PSA Pressure swing adsorptrorz llo<strong>de</strong>l 4S1AIR SEP<br />

Corp LTS was resed to increase oxygen concentration in<br />

the air andto remove impuritiesfrom the gas phase The<br />

oxygen richair was sent to an ozone generator Mo<strong>de</strong>l<br />

RMLII16 ZCO Ind Canaawhere ozone was pro<br />

ducedconr inuousl at aconcentration of104x 103mmoll<br />

neL at afloy rate of500 mLirnin The exhaust gas stream<br />

from the top ofthe ozone reactorpassedthrough an ozone<br />

analyzer Mo<strong>de</strong>lHA 200GTP Rankin Ozone Sysiems Ltc<br />

Canada where flee ozone was guant ed and <strong>de</strong>stroyed<br />

before being releasedto theem ironment<br />

Experinsentul procedrare<br />

Ozonation experiments were conducted at initial<br />

efJiuent pH 12 and 7 and at 23 Croom temperature<br />

The adjustment of wastewater pH was <strong>do</strong>ne using<br />

NaDH andHCI Batch experiments were conducted<br />

on 500 mLof Nastewater at different time inters alsAt<br />

the end of each cle the entire olume was taken for<br />

analysis Ozone concentration in the off gas was col<br />

lected every I5 seconds interval using the ozone ana<br />

lyzer The off gas concentration was plotted against<br />

timefor each ozonation time The curti e obtained was<br />

integrated to estimate the totalnon consumed ozone


O<br />

aplicada <strong>de</strong> ozonio foi calculada com base na diferenc a<br />

entre o ozonio aplica<strong>do</strong> e o n2o consumi<strong>do</strong> por unida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

volume <strong>de</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> no rector A concentra ao<strong>de</strong> ozonio<br />

residual na fase liquida tambem foi analisada e subtraida<br />

Para a obten ao <strong>de</strong>s <strong>do</strong>se <strong>de</strong> ozonio<br />

1tileto<strong>do</strong>s Analiticos<br />

Foram medi<strong>do</strong>s DBOS e DQO <strong>de</strong> acor<strong>do</strong> com os Stan<br />

dard Methods 5210B e 5220D respectivamente APHA<br />

1998 Carbono Organico Total COT foi <strong>de</strong>termina<strong>do</strong><br />

pormeio <strong>de</strong> analisa<strong>do</strong>r <strong>de</strong> COTTOC 1CPH Shimadzu<br />

O pH foi medi<strong>do</strong> com pHmetro PerpHecT mo<strong>de</strong>lo 330<br />

Thermo Orion Cor foi medida <strong>de</strong> acor<strong>do</strong> com o meto<strong>do</strong><br />

H5 <strong>de</strong>s Canadian Pulp and Paper Association CPPA<br />

1993 O ozonio residual na fase liquida<br />

foi <strong>de</strong>termina<strong>do</strong><br />

segun<strong>do</strong> o meto<strong>do</strong> indigo colorimetrico Standard Me<br />

thod 4500 O3B APHA 1998 com modifica oesAs mudan as na bio<strong>de</strong>gradabilida<strong>de</strong> foram <strong>de</strong>terminadas<br />

pela razao DBOS DQO<br />

A analise <strong>de</strong>s distribuiCao <strong>do</strong> peso molecular foi re<br />

alizada por HPSEC High Performance Size Exclusion<br />

Chromatography atraves <strong>do</strong> meto<strong>do</strong> <strong>de</strong>scrito por Peleka<br />

ni et al 1999 Para tanto utilizou se um HPLC High<br />

Performance Liquid Chromatography mo<strong>de</strong>lo Waters<br />

1535 equipa<strong>do</strong> com uma calunataters Protein PakTiVi<br />

125 1 e um <strong>de</strong>tector <strong>de</strong> absorbancia Waters 2487 ajusta<br />

<strong>do</strong> pares <strong>de</strong>tecrao a 260nm A vazao aplicada foi <strong>de</strong> 0J<br />

mL min LTtilizou se coma eluente uma soluc ao 02 M<br />

<strong>de</strong> fosfato Fisher Scientific com pH igual a 68 e fora<br />

ionica ajustada a 01 M atraves <strong>do</strong> use <strong>de</strong> cloreto <strong>de</strong> sodio<br />

Fisher Scientific O peso molecular foi relaciona<strong>do</strong> com<br />

o tempo <strong>de</strong> retenc aoatraves <strong>de</strong> uma calibra aoprevia<br />

com compostos padroniza<strong>do</strong>s <strong>de</strong> poliestireno sulfona<strong>do</strong><br />

7 Kg mol PSS7K 4 Kg mol PSS4K 2 Kg mol PSS2K<br />

American Polymer Standards Corporation e acetones 58<br />

g mol CertifiedACSFisher Scientific a uma con<br />

centrar ao<strong>de</strong> 1 mg L Apos a regressao a rela ao entre<br />

o peso molecular y Da e o tempo <strong>de</strong> retenr aox min<br />

foi <strong>de</strong> y 4106e07336 R2 099Essa rela ao foi utilizada<br />

pares estimative <strong>do</strong> peso molecular <strong>do</strong> cromatograma<br />

Todas as amostras foram previamente<br />

filtradas antes <strong>de</strong><br />

serem injetadas ao HPLC Foram utiliza<strong>do</strong>s filtros com<br />

poros <strong>de</strong> 045mllvlillipore Millex Um volum e <strong>de</strong> 250<br />

L foi injeta<strong>do</strong> manualmente e elui<strong>do</strong> por 20 minutos<br />

O cromatograma <strong>de</strong>s distribui ao<strong>do</strong> peso molecular<br />

obti<strong>do</strong> pela analise com o HPSEC foi posteriormente<br />

dividi<strong>do</strong> em diferentes picos e sues area foi quantificada<br />

utilizan<strong>do</strong> seum software PeakFit412 Systat Software<br />

Inc O valor numerico apresenta<strong>do</strong> foi utiliza<strong>do</strong> pares<br />

Ozone <strong>do</strong>sage was calculated based on the difference<br />

ofapplied andnon consumed ozone per unit volume<br />

of the wastewater to the reaetox Residual ozone con<br />

centration in the liquid phase was also analyaed and<br />

suhtracted to obtain the ozone <strong>do</strong>sage<br />

ltzalytical lletl ods<br />

411 the samples were subjected to COD TOC BODs<br />

colour and molecular weight dzs2ribution analysis BOD j<br />

and COD measurements were perfol med according<br />

to StandardIt lethods 5210B and 5220D respectively<br />

APHA 1995 Total orgarar cca rbora was measured usi ag<br />

a TOC analyzer TOC 5050ShimadzuJ The valuesof pH<br />

were measured by a pH meter PerpHecT meter Mo<strong>de</strong>l<br />

330 Thermo Orion Colour was measured based on the<br />

proposed standard method HS reported by the Carurdian<br />

Pulp and Paper Association 1 Q93 Residual<br />

ozone irz<br />

the liquidphase was <strong>de</strong>termined according to Standard<br />

Illethocls X500 OBAPHA 19961 with modificatioTas<br />

HPSEC was employed to <strong>de</strong>termine the molecular<br />

weight distrlhution in untreated and treated samples<br />

Following the method <strong>de</strong>sc ibed vy<br />

Pelekani et al<br />

1999 aFT esters 1535 Binary HPLC Pumpfatted with a<br />

YT atersProtein Pakr 125 column anda YT aters 2457<br />

17ua1 Absorbance Detector set to <strong>de</strong>tection at 2150<br />

Cana was usedfor HPSEC analysis The carriersolvent<br />

consiste<strong>do</strong>f02Mphosphate vufferLaborator gra<strong>de</strong><br />

FisherScient catpH6 5adjustedwithsodiumclalo<br />

ri<strong>de</strong> CertifiedACSFisher5cieniifc io011 ionic<br />

strength The column flow ate applied<br />

was 07 mLi<br />

mi z Molecular weight was correlated to retention time<br />

jr calibration with polystyrene sulforta testandards 7<br />

Kg mol PSS7K 4Kg mol PSS4h 2 Kg naol PSS2<br />

American PolymerStaradards Corporation andacetone<br />

55 g molCert edA CS Fisher Scient cat con<br />

centration of 1 gL After regression the relationship<br />

ofmolecular weight y Da andreteration time x min<br />

was y 410 eaz R 099 This relationship was<br />

used to estimate themolecu<br />

larweightdistrihution ofthe<br />

chroarzatogram Standards and samples before andafter<br />

oxidation were filtered before injection usingalllillipore<br />

1lillex nonsler<strong>de</strong> syringefilters045une pore size PTL7F<br />

menabr xne to remove particles 4 sample volume of 250<br />

uL was manually ii2jected inforhe 50 uL sampling loop<br />

oftdae HPLC sand elutedfor 2D minutes<br />

Aaonlinear curvefitt7 ngsoftware FeakFit412<br />

Systat Software Irac using a Caussiara responsefunc<br />

tion with aFourier <strong>de</strong>convolution algorithm wasused<br />

to divi<strong>de</strong> the chromatogram into different peaks and<br />

0<br />

N<br />

0<br />

L<br />

W


00<br />

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C<br />

quantificar as modificar oes causadas pela aplica ao<br />

<strong>de</strong> ozonio sobre a distribuir ao<strong>do</strong> peso molecular <strong>do</strong>s<br />

compostos organicos<br />

RESULTADOS E DISCUSSAO<br />

A eficiencia da aplicac ao<strong>de</strong> ozonio para o tratamento<br />

<strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> gera<strong>do</strong> pela etapa <strong>de</strong> extrac ao <strong>alcalina</strong> <strong>do</strong><br />

branqueamento da celulose foi investigada sob diferentes<br />

valores iniciais <strong>de</strong> pH 12 e7A concentraCao <strong>de</strong> ozonio<br />

dissolvi<strong>do</strong> na fase liquida nao foi significativa em todas<br />

as <strong>do</strong>ses aplicadas A concentrac ao<strong>de</strong> ozonio absorvi<strong>do</strong><br />

pelo <strong>efluente</strong> foi maior a pH mais eleva<strong>do</strong> A ozoniza<br />

rao a pH inicial 7 por 35 minutos resultou em uma <strong>do</strong>se<br />

absorvida <strong>de</strong> ozonio em torno <strong>de</strong> 15 mmol03 por litro <strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>efluente</strong> enquanto que a aplicac ao <strong>de</strong> ozonio pelo mesmo<br />

tempo an <strong>efluente</strong> com pH inicial igual a 12 resultou em<br />

uma <strong>do</strong>se <strong>de</strong> 25 mmol03por litro <strong>de</strong> <strong>efluente</strong><br />

A Figura 2 os apresenta valores da cor <strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong><br />

apos a oxidac ao em func ao <strong>do</strong> ozonio consumi<strong>do</strong> A<br />

ozonizar aofoi altamente eficiente na remo ao <strong>de</strong> cor<br />

<strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> estuda<strong>do</strong> A pH inicial 12 a cor <strong>de</strong>cresceu<br />

<strong>de</strong> 4000 UC unida<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> cor para cerca <strong>de</strong> 2000<br />

UC enquanto que a pH inicial 7<br />

a cor foi reduzida<br />

para aproximadamente 1500 UC com <strong>do</strong>se consumida<br />

<strong>de</strong> ozonio <strong>de</strong> cerca <strong>de</strong> 16 mmol03por litro <strong>de</strong> <strong>efluente</strong><br />

Esses resulta<strong>do</strong>s sao consistentes com estu<strong>do</strong>s previos<br />

que mostram uma eleva<strong>do</strong> remorao <strong>de</strong> cor <strong>de</strong> <strong>efluente</strong>s<br />

industriais durante a oxida ao com ozonio Alvares et<br />

al 2001 Bijan e Mohseni 2005<br />

Apesar da significativa redu ao da cor a <strong>de</strong>manda<br />

quimica <strong>de</strong> oxigenio DQO <strong>de</strong>cresceu <strong>de</strong> forma pouco<br />

pronunciada com o aumento da <strong>do</strong>se <strong>do</strong> ozonio para<br />

ambos os valores <strong>de</strong> pH inicial Figura 3 A DQO foi<br />

reduzida <strong>de</strong> 4782 mgrL para cerca <strong>de</strong> 4000 mg L apos<br />

a<br />

Ca<br />

0<br />

450D<br />

4D00i<br />

3500<br />

30DD<br />

25DD<br />

200D<br />

150D<br />

10DD<br />

1DDD 5D 10 150 20 250 3D0 35 0<br />

Dose <strong>de</strong>ozonio mmol 031Lz<br />

Ozaste Jasar emmod D L<br />

Figura 2 Car <strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> da extrarao <strong>alcalina</strong> durante a ozo<br />

nizacao pH 7 pH 12 Fir tre2 Colour oftlkalirle<br />

xtrartron effluent ddurinc ozonatrorr IH 7iItH i2<br />

quarztafy the area This nurnel zcal value was used to<br />

quantify the changes caused by ozonation ore the rno<br />

lecula weight distribution of orgaraie compounds<br />

BfSULTS AND DISCUSSION<br />

The efficiency ofozone applied to thetr eat<br />

ment ofalkaline bleach plant wastewater at dif<br />

ferent initialpH values pH 12 arrd pH 7<br />

was ex<br />

amined Ira this study Dis solti e<strong>do</strong>zone concentra<br />

tion in the liquid phase was notsign ficantjor all<br />

<strong>do</strong>sages applied The absorbed amount of ozone<br />

in the wastewater exhibited an incr ease when the<br />

initr al pH ofthe effluent was higher Ozonation<br />

of wastewater with initial pH 7 for<br />

35 minutes<br />

showed an absorbed <strong>do</strong>se ofabout I5 mmol0<br />

Lw whereas the sarrre time appliedfor pH 12<br />

wastewater resulted in an absorbed <strong>do</strong>se ofabout<br />

25 namol0 Lw<br />

Figure 2 shows the colous values of the<br />

wastewater after oxidation as a firnctiorz of the<br />

consumed ozov<br />

e Ozonation is highly effective<br />

in removing colour of the studied wastewater At<br />

initial pH 12 colour values <strong>de</strong>creasedfrom 4000<br />

C U to around 200D C U whereas at initial pH<br />

7 colour <strong>de</strong>creased toat ound 1500 C U with a<br />

consumed ozone of about 16 mmol0 L These<br />

wn<br />

results tre consistent with previous studies that<br />

showed high <strong>de</strong>colourization of industrial efflu<br />

ents during ozone oxidation Alvares et al X001<br />

Bijanandlohserai 00<br />

Despite the significant reduction ofcolour<br />

COD <strong>de</strong>creased slightly with increasing the<br />

ozone <strong>do</strong>sage for both initial pH Figure 3 COD<br />

<strong>de</strong>creasedfrom 4i82 mg L to around 4000 mglL<br />

s a<br />

O<br />

O<br />

O<br />

O<br />

o<br />

O<br />

fJ<br />

i<br />

Dose <strong>de</strong> ozonio mmol D Lz1uci<br />

Ozr ran<br />

Csar emr tarG u1<br />

Figura 3Variarao da DQO <strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> emfun ao da <strong>do</strong>se <strong>de</strong><br />

oz8nio consumida pH 7 pH 12 Barra <strong>de</strong> erros <strong>de</strong>svio<br />

padr oI Figr3 COD of btearh plar7t eftluer7t Itrrrnct ocr7a<br />

tlor7JjH 7J pH 12 Error bars sfandard <strong>de</strong>viation


1<br />

t<br />

0 1<br />

U<br />

F<br />

U<br />

Dose da azonio mmol D3 I Lnut<br />

t7rare sage rrarrral t LJ<br />

C<br />

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O<br />

00<br />

a<br />

I I<br />

Dose <strong>de</strong> ozonic mmol 01Lr<br />

CJzane osaya mr ce D iJ<br />

Figure 4Varia ao <strong>do</strong> COT <strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> emfun ao da <strong>do</strong>se <strong>de</strong> Figura 5 Variacaa da razao <strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> durante o<br />

DBOSIDQO<br />

azonioconsumida pH 7 pH 12 Barra <strong>de</strong> erros <strong>de</strong>svio processa <strong>de</strong>azoniza ao pH 7 pH 12 Barra <strong>de</strong> error <strong>de</strong>s<br />

padrao iFl ttr TtftJr eaeliflateff ttent during ozone via padrao tr Mat CrC7ofLfefh1atieffluertclurrn r<br />

tint oH 7 j oH 12 Error bars standard <strong>de</strong>viation czctanonJoN 7 pH 12 Error bars standard <strong>de</strong>viation<br />

a aplica ao <strong>de</strong> 15 mmolO3 par litro <strong>de</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> uma<br />

remar aa em torna <strong>de</strong> 16 Essa na redur aa DQO nao<br />

foi resulta<strong>do</strong> <strong>de</strong> mineralizar ao <strong>do</strong>s compostos organicos<br />

uma vez que nao foram observadas mudanCas signifi<br />

catieas na analise <strong>de</strong> carbono organico total COT <strong>do</strong><br />

<strong>efluente</strong> Figura 4 a partir da <strong>do</strong>se <strong>de</strong> ozanio aplicada<br />

reduCao na DQO foi resulta<strong>do</strong> <strong>de</strong>s mudanCas no esta<strong>do</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> oxida ao da carbono presente na m ateria organica<br />

A rea ao entre o azonio ou radical hidroxila<br />

cam as<br />

compostos organicos aumenta seu esta<strong>do</strong> <strong>de</strong> oxidaCao<br />

atraves da quebra <strong>de</strong> sue estrutura quimica e adi ao <strong>de</strong><br />

axigenio a sues molecules Bailey 1982 A maioria <strong>do</strong>s<br />

estu<strong>do</strong>s realiza<strong>do</strong>s cam <strong>efluente</strong>s industriais apresenta<br />

um a baixa eficiencia na m ineralizaraa a partir da aplica<br />

ao <strong>de</strong> azonio incluin<strong>do</strong> as <strong>efluente</strong>s <strong>do</strong> branqueamenta<br />

da polpa celulosica Kunz et al 2002<br />

A razao DBOS DQO fai utilizada para <strong>de</strong>terminer a<br />

por ao<strong>de</strong> no compostos organicos bio<strong>de</strong>gradaveis <strong>efluente</strong><br />

Essa razao permite uma comparar aoentre a quantida<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> oxigenio requerida par microarganismos para oxida<br />

rao cam o total <strong>de</strong> oxigenio requerida para umaoxida ao<br />

quimica <strong>do</strong>s compostos presentee na am ostra A caracte<br />

riza ao inicial <strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> mostrouum valor <strong>de</strong> DBOS sig<br />

nificativamente menor<strong>do</strong> que o valor <strong>de</strong> DQO indican<strong>do</strong><br />

um <strong>efluente</strong> <strong>de</strong> dificil bio<strong>de</strong>grada aaOs resulta<strong>do</strong>s da<br />

razao DBO DQO Figura 5 mostram que a ozanizar ao<br />

fai eficiente no aumento dabioclegradabilida<strong>de</strong> <strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong><br />

para as experimentos conduzidas cam cliferentes valores<br />

iniciais <strong>de</strong> pH Para pH inicial igual a 12 essa razao au<br />

mentou <strong>de</strong> 06 para 016 enquanto que para pH inicial<br />

7BODS COD aumentou cle 07 para aproximadamente<br />

022 O aumento na DBOS praporcionou a contributgao<br />

mars significative para o aumento da bio<strong>de</strong>gradabilida<strong>de</strong><br />

after apph ing 15 mmolO3 Lw aremoval of<br />

about 10 This slight reduction in COD was<br />

not the result of mineralization ofoganics cas<br />

there was zo change in the TOC of the wastewa<br />

ter over the range of ozone <strong>do</strong>sage Figure 4<br />

Rather it wcas the result of the changes in the ox<br />

idatian state of the carhop in the organic matter<br />

T1ae reaction of ozone or oxidising radicals with<br />

organic compounds enhances the oxidation state<br />

by breaking their cherraica lstruct ureand adding<br />

oxt gen to the rrzolecules Bailey 1982 host of<br />

the published studies have shown that ozonation<br />

is not effective for tlae mineralization of different<br />

industrial wastewaters including bleach plant<br />

effluents Kunz et al 2002<br />

TdaeBOD COD ratz o was7sed to <strong>de</strong>termine the<br />

portion ofbio<strong>de</strong>gradable orgaazics in the wastewater<br />

This ratio allows comparing the amount ofoxygen<br />

required for oxidation by microorganisms kith the<br />

total oxygen required for cherraical oxidatr onofthe<br />

compounds present in the sample Initial char xcter<br />

izar ion ofthe alkaline bleachplant effluent showed<br />

sign canily lowerBOD than COD indicating that<br />

the wastewater is hardly bio<strong>de</strong>gr adablQ Theresults of<br />

bioc egradabdity ratios Figure S show thatozonc tron<br />

was efficient in improving the bio<strong>de</strong>gradability of the<br />

euentfor the experiments conduetec lun<strong>de</strong>r differ<br />

ent initialpH For initialpH l2 this ratio increased<br />

from 00ip to 01 whereas forpH 7 BOD COD<br />

increasedfrom 0 to022 The increase rraBOD<br />

prrn z<strong>de</strong>d the <strong>do</strong>minant contribution to the bio<strong>de</strong>grad<br />

abilityerah ancement consi<strong>de</strong>ring that COD <strong>de</strong>creased<br />

to a very limited extent BODE increase could be at<br />

0<br />

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W<br />

O


mot<br />

0<br />

0<br />

N<br />

0<br />

C<br />

consi<strong>de</strong>ran<strong>do</strong> a limitada remorao <strong>de</strong> DQO O aumento<br />

na DBOS po<strong>de</strong> ser atribui<strong>do</strong> a redurao ou eliminarao <strong>de</strong><br />

alguns compostos toxicos presentes no <strong>efluente</strong>eou a<br />

forma ao <strong>de</strong> subprodutos com menor peso molecular e<br />

<strong>de</strong>ssa forma mail facilmente bio<strong>de</strong>gradaveis<br />

Com pH inicial igual a 7 asrea oes diretasen olvenda 0<br />

ozonio molecular e asrear oes oxidativas avanradas indiretas<br />

com o radical hidroxila OH sao igualmente importantes<br />

para a <strong>de</strong>gradar ao<strong>de</strong> compostos organicos Langlais et al<br />

1991 Entretanto sob pH 12 as reac oes envolven<strong>do</strong> o radical<br />

hidroxila se tornam mais <strong>do</strong>minantes <strong>de</strong>vi<strong>do</strong> a rapida utili<br />

zar ao <strong>do</strong> ozonio para a formaCao <strong>de</strong>sses radicais Apesar <strong>de</strong><br />

os radicais hidroxila gera<strong>do</strong>s a eleva<strong>do</strong>s valores <strong>de</strong> pH apre<br />

sentarem altas taxas ao reagirem com diversos compostos<br />

organicos esse estu<strong>do</strong> sugere que a oxidar ao realizada sob<br />

condi oesneutras apresentou mesmo que <strong>de</strong> forma pouco<br />

pronunciada melhores resulta<strong>do</strong>s clo que a oxidarao realizada<br />

com pH inicial igual a 12 Esse fato po<strong>de</strong> ser explica<strong>do</strong> pela<br />

afinida<strong>de</strong> entre os compostos recalcitrantes e responsaveis<br />

pela colorar ao<strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> com o ozonio molecular disponi<br />

vel sob pH 7 Assim os experimentos conduzi<strong>do</strong>s com pH 7<br />

produziram maiores remo oes<strong>de</strong> cor e aumento <strong>de</strong> bio<strong>de</strong>gra<br />

dabilida<strong>de</strong> Por outro li<strong>do</strong> com valores <strong>de</strong> pH eleva<strong>do</strong>s os<br />

radicais hidroxila po<strong>de</strong>riam reagir indiscriminadamente com<br />

to<strong>do</strong>s os compostos presentes na <strong>efluente</strong> compcarbonatos<br />

e bicarbonatos presentes em elevada concentra ao<br />

Distribui ao<strong>do</strong> peso molecular<br />

A Figura 6 apresenta a clistribuiCao <strong>do</strong> peso molecular<br />

clo <strong>efluente</strong> antes e apos a apliea ao cle diferentes closes<br />

tzbuted to the reductr ora ofsome toxic compounds<br />

present in the effluent andlor theforneation ofproducts<br />

with smaller molecular weights<br />

4tpH7 directreaetiorz<br />

ithmolecularozonearadad<br />

vance<strong>do</strong>xidation reactions involving H are expected<br />

to be equally importantfar the <strong>de</strong>gradation oforganic<br />

compounds Langlais et al 1991 4tpH 12 howevea<br />

reactions involving OH become mare <strong>do</strong>minantbecause<br />

ofthefastozone usage for radicalsformation The initia<br />

tion reaction between ozoneandhydroxi<strong>de</strong> ion preserrtin<br />

alkaline solutions could reduce the amount ofmolecula<br />

ozone vailable for selective and direct reactions with<br />

some speck compounds Despite thefact that OHgerr<br />

erated at higher pH havesign cantly higher rate con<br />

stants when reacting nith various organic compounds<br />

this study suggests a slightl better axidatzon results at<br />

neutral inr tx alpH compared witdr that at initial pH 12<br />

It is likely that various recalcitrant and colour causing<br />

cornporrnds wit1 high af inity<br />

to react with molecular<br />

ozone available at pH were present irs the effluent<br />

Hence experiments with pH 7 produced greater colour<br />

removal and higher bio<strong>de</strong>gradability enhancement On<br />

the other hand at higher pH I2ydroryl radicals could<br />

be reacting indiscriminatel7 with all compounds among<br />

them scavengers such as carbonates grad bicarbonates<br />

that are present in the wastewater<br />

Molecular weight distribution<br />

Figure 6 presents the molecular weight distri<br />

bactior of the alkalir ebleach plant efJltr ent before<br />

Figura 6 Distribui aoclo peso molec dar emfun aa da <strong>do</strong>se <strong>de</strong> ozonio consumida a pH inicial 71 0 mural 03 La uente<br />

2 98 mural 03 Lpfluanta 3 15 0 mural Oa Let uente b pH inicial 121 40 mural Os Lenuente 2 29 muralOLetluanta 3 94<br />

mmol03 LQ uQnt2 4 30 2 mmol Q3 LQ En1e Fra 0es cie peso molecular A 5 Kg mol B 25 5Kg mol C 1 25Kg mal<br />

D 051Kg mal E05Kg mal l Figure 6 Nlofecuiar weight distribution as fuf7ctiorl ofconsumed ozone <strong>do</strong>sejinitialpH<br />

7j0mmol0L 2J98mmnl0L 3 150 mmol0L b initialpH 121 0mmo0L 229mmol0<br />

L3 J 4 mmoi0L4 302mmol0LV Moiect larweight fractions A5Kg moI BJ 25 5Kg mote C 125Kg<br />

mot DJ051Kg 117of E05Kg


h<br />

w<br />

i<br />

t<br />

<strong>de</strong> ozonio e valores iniciais 0u<br />

vrnd after oxid atr on with<br />

er2t con<br />

<strong>de</strong> pH 7 a e pH 12 b Os kgl si a o2or e at differ<br />

25kglmo 5 kglma<br />

cromatogramas foram obti<strong>do</strong>s fl g0<br />

para cada <strong>do</strong>sagem e<strong>de</strong>s fir<br />

sor<br />

convoluciona<strong>do</strong>s utilizan<strong>do</strong><br />

d4<br />

se o software PeakFit Essa aoi<br />

a <strong>de</strong>sconvolu no possibilitou m<br />

divisao <strong>do</strong>s cromatogramas<br />

em diferentes faixas <strong>de</strong> peso<br />

w<br />

20<br />

o<br />

t kglma 25 kgimo Srrnled 020122 dOSageS and<br />

32<br />

3590<br />

5st<br />

initial pH 7 a and 12<br />

v Chromatograms were<br />

o7 tained for each atone<br />

Zd i <strong>do</strong>sage arad <strong>de</strong>convoluted<br />

7i<br />

using PeakFit software<br />

The <strong>de</strong>eon rolution ma<strong>de</strong> it<br />

molecular Nesse estu<strong>do</strong> a a2 125 a possible to divi<strong>de</strong> the cllro<br />

Close <strong>de</strong> ozonio mmol U1 LEe<br />

area total <strong>do</strong>cromatogramafoi<br />

OzoneDcernrnod 3L<br />

matogram into different<br />

dividida em 5 faixas <strong>de</strong> peso<br />

molecular A maior <strong>do</strong> que<br />

t<br />

5 Kg mol B entre 25 Kg a 80is<br />

mol e 5 Kg mol C entre 0t<br />

ioo molecular weight ranges<br />

s kglmo<br />

zskglmfl skgn o b Irz<br />

ao this study the total urea<br />

k mo g 25kglma<br />

of the chromatogram was<br />

58i<br />

se<br />

divi<strong>de</strong>d into 5 different<br />

1 Kg mol e 25Kg molD molecular weight ranges<br />

entre 500 g mol e 1 Kgmol<br />

tE menor <strong>do</strong> que 500 g mol<br />

As fraCOes <strong>de</strong> peso molecular<br />

4t<br />

a 201<br />

as<br />

sa A 5 Kg mol B 25<br />

15 kg mol 5 hgmol C 1<br />

r<br />

12<br />

gnlol 25 Kg rrzol D<br />

foram <strong>de</strong>terminadas baseadas o 500 g mol 1 g rnol<br />

no tempo <strong>de</strong> eluir ao utilizan<br />

pose <strong>de</strong> ozon io mmolD1Le o1e<br />

l E 500 g rnol 1 The<br />

<strong>do</strong> se a equar ao <strong>de</strong> regressao Ozone Dosage mrna ort molecular weightranges<br />

previamenteindicaclaequef i<br />

FiguralRedu<br />

aonasdiferentesfra<br />

er e <strong>de</strong>ter rnirled based<br />

oes<strong>de</strong>pesomolecular<br />

obtida a partir <strong>do</strong>s compostos em funcao da <strong>do</strong>se rle ozonio consumida a pH inicial 7 on the elution time using<br />

padrao b pH inicial 12 bat 11 lolecuiar wel i7tir7titrlS redUC the regression equation<br />

As Figuras6a e6b mos t1 17 r1S ftlnctiDtt oT ozone ColtsU177ptio17 a initial pH 7 previousl shnU edthat was<br />

tram que a area abaixo <strong>do</strong><br />

cro 1li it13t pN 12 obtainedfrora thest rrrsi ad<br />

matograma foi reduzida cam coa rrpotrrads<br />

o aumento da <strong>do</strong>se <strong>de</strong> ozonio Figzrres c caul<br />

para todas as faixas <strong>de</strong> peso molecular Esse resulta<strong>do</strong> sugere show theat the aEa of the cdlromatograms reduced<br />

que a aplicar ao<strong>de</strong> ozonio para o tratamento <strong>do</strong> <strong>efluente</strong> em uith the increase in ozone <strong>do</strong>se for all molecular<br />

estu<strong>do</strong> foica paz <strong>de</strong> reduzir todas as faixas <strong>de</strong> peso moleeu weightranges This suggests that the application<br />

lar indistintamente Porem observa se umamaior redur ao ofo20r1e to treat this specific efflrent led to the re<br />

para as fra oes <strong>de</strong> eleva<strong>do</strong> peso molecular HMW ou seja duction ofall molecular weight ranges However r<br />

regioesA1 e C higher reduction could he noted for flatI1T1 f cac<br />

As modificac oesno peso molecular foram quantificadas bons i e regions A B and C<br />

comparan<strong>do</strong> seosresulta<strong>do</strong>s obti<strong>do</strong>s apos a aplicac ao <strong>de</strong> ozonio The molecular weight reductic1rl izs<br />

ctrti Fev<br />

com osresult <strong>do</strong>sobti<strong>do</strong>s para o <strong>efluente</strong>naotrata<strong>do</strong> A Figura<br />

u<br />

h comparing the resulis oftreat e<strong>de</strong>ffluent sam rlc<br />

7 a apresenta percentagem <strong>de</strong> redu ao para as tres faixas <strong>de</strong> with those ofuntreated effluent Figure shows the<br />

eleva<strong>do</strong> peso molecular 5Kgmol25Kgmol e125Kg reduction ofthe three higher moleeularweightfrac o<br />

mol <strong>de</strong> acor<strong>do</strong> com a <strong>do</strong>se <strong>de</strong> ozonio aplicada sob pH 7 a e tionsS<br />

Kg mol 125 Kg mot and125 kg mol<br />

H 12 Os resulta<strong>do</strong>s evi<strong>de</strong>nciam o im acto<br />

f N p da aplica or ao <strong>de</strong> accordin to o2orle <strong>do</strong>sa eat g g pFI<br />

7 a and 12 b<br />

ozonio ou seja maior a <strong>do</strong>sagem aplicada<br />

organicos em cada frarao apresentada A aplicacrao <strong>de</strong> cerca <strong>de</strong><br />

maior aredu ao <strong>de</strong> The results highlight the rmpact ofozone <strong>do</strong>sage that W<br />

Is tlae higher the ozone <strong>do</strong>sclge the greater thereduc<br />

20mmo1<strong>de</strong>ozonioporlitro<strong>de</strong><strong>efluente</strong>apHl2reduziuem80 tionoforganicsineachfraction<br />

Applyir2gabo ut20 O<br />

os compostos obanicos com pesomolecularmaior <strong>do</strong> que 5 Kg rr2rnolO Zw at pH 12 <strong>de</strong>creased80 oforganics


w<br />

a<br />

s<br />

t<br />

e<br />

w<br />

a<br />

t<br />

e<br />

0<br />

0<br />

N<br />

0<br />

C<br />

mot De formasimilar a <strong>do</strong>sagem <strong>de</strong> 17 mmol <strong>de</strong> ozonio por<br />

litro <strong>de</strong> efiuente a pH 7 reduziu em cerca <strong>de</strong> 87 os compostos<br />

pertencentes a faixa <strong>de</strong> peso molecular mais eleva<strong>do</strong> In<strong>de</strong>pen<br />

<strong>de</strong>ntemente da <strong>do</strong>sagem aplicada a reduCao foi maior Para as<br />

faixas <strong>de</strong> peso molecular mais elevadas De forma similar ao<br />

observa<strong>do</strong>pararemoc ao <strong>de</strong> core aumento da razaoDBOS DQO<br />

o efiuente tom pH initial 7 pareceu utilizar o ozonio <strong>de</strong> forma<br />

mais efetiva especialmente sob baixas <strong>do</strong>ses Como o mostra<strong>do</strong><br />

nas Figuras 7a e 7b sob uma <strong>do</strong>se <strong>de</strong> ozonio <strong>de</strong>42mmol<br />

<strong>de</strong> ozonio por litro <strong>de</strong> efiuente foram obtidas redu oes mais<br />

significativas <strong>de</strong> compostos organicos sob pH7 em comparac ao<br />

tom asredur oes obtidas para pH12<br />

O eleva<strong>do</strong> aumento da bio<strong>de</strong>gradabilida<strong>de</strong> obtd<strong>do</strong> nesse<br />

estu<strong>do</strong> foi possivelmente causa<strong>do</strong> pelas modificaroes na<br />

estrutura moleculareou redu ao<br />

da toxicida<strong>de</strong> durante a<br />

al licar ao <strong>de</strong> ozonio Areduc ao nas frar oes<strong>de</strong> peso molecular<br />

mais eleva<strong>do</strong> durante a oxida aofoi um fator importante<br />

para agerac ao<strong>de</strong> um efiuentem offs facilmentebio<strong>de</strong>gradavel<br />

<strong>de</strong>monstra<strong>do</strong> pelas analises da razao DBOS DQO<br />

CONCLUSOES<br />

Foram utilizadas diferentes <strong>do</strong>ses <strong>de</strong> ozonio para<br />

o trata<br />

mento <strong>do</strong> efiuente <strong>de</strong> extrac ao<strong>alcalina</strong>sob <strong>do</strong>ffs valores iniciais<br />

<strong>de</strong> pH 12 e 7 Esse estu<strong>do</strong> mostrou que a ozoniza ao sob<br />

condic oesiniciaisneutras foi maisefetiva <strong>do</strong> que sobcondic oes<br />

<strong>alcalina</strong>s no aumento da qualida<strong>de</strong> <strong>do</strong> efiuente e na gerar ao<br />

<strong>de</strong> compostos mais facilmente bio<strong>de</strong>gradaveis A aplicarao<br />

<strong>de</strong> 10 mmol <strong>de</strong> ozonio por litro <strong>de</strong> efiuente foi suficiente para<br />

alcan ar aumento na bio<strong>de</strong>gradabilida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> 130 e 200 sob<br />

pH inicia112 e 7 respectivamente Acor foi reduzidaem 48<br />

sob pH initial 12 e em 60 sob pH 7 indican<strong>do</strong>a rear aosele<br />

tiva <strong>do</strong> ozonio tom os compostos organicos particularmente<br />

aqueles <strong>de</strong> eleva<strong>do</strong> peso molecular O use <strong>de</strong> ozonio resultou<br />

em significativaredu ao nasfra oes <strong>de</strong> eleva<strong>do</strong> peso molecular<br />

<strong>do</strong> efiuente <strong>de</strong> extrarao <strong>alcalina</strong> Ivlais <strong>de</strong>80 <strong>do</strong>s compostos<br />

organicos tom peso molecular superior a 5 Kg mol foram<br />

removi<strong>do</strong>s durante a aplicar ao <strong>de</strong> ozonio<br />

Agra<strong>de</strong>cimentos<br />

Os autores gostariam <strong>de</strong> expressar sea agra<strong>de</strong>cimento ao<br />

Conselho National <strong>de</strong> Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecno<br />

logico CNPq pela bolsa <strong>de</strong> <strong>do</strong>utora<strong>do</strong> concedida a Daniel<br />

R Me<strong>de</strong>iros Processo 20033 2006 8ao Natural Sciences<br />

andEngineering ResearchCouncil ofCanada NSERC pelo<br />

financiamento <strong>de</strong>sta pesquisa e a industria Howe Sound Pulp<br />

and Paper pelo fornecimento <strong>do</strong> efiuente<br />

molecular weight greater than 5 Kg mot 1Similarly<br />

the ozone close of17 mmolO L at pH <strong>de</strong>creased<br />

WNW<br />

about87 ofthe highest molecular weight range Re<br />

gardless ofthe ozone close applied the reductlorz was<br />

greaterfor higher molecular weight fractions Similar<br />

to the observations ma<strong>de</strong>for color removal arad BOD<br />

COD enhancement initial pH 7seemed to bring about<br />

more effective utilization of ozone especially at lower<br />

ozone <strong>do</strong>sage As shown in Figuresaandh at arz<br />

ozone <strong>do</strong>sage of42 mmolO Lw more sign<br />

cant re<br />

ductions oforganics were obtained at pH 7 compared<br />

those obtainedfor pH 12<br />

The high bio<strong>de</strong>grc rdcabilit irr2pr ovement obtained<br />

in this study was possibl caused by changes in the<br />

rnolee ularstructure and or toxicity reduction during<br />

ozonation The reduction in the higher ranges of mo<br />

lecular weight durr rag ozonatr onplayed aaz important<br />

role in gener ating are efj3uent more easily bio<strong>de</strong>gr aca<br />

able <strong>de</strong>monstrated byBOD CC7D ratio analysis<br />

CONCLUSIONS<br />

Different <strong>do</strong>ses ofozone were used to treatan alkaline<br />

bleachplant efJ3ttent at two cliffer entinitialpHvalues 12<br />

and This study showed that ozona zors at initial neu<br />

tral condition was more effective than at initr al alkaline<br />

cona tion in improving the effluent quality andgenerating mor<br />

ehio<strong>de</strong>gradcrhlecompoadrads 4pplying 1 Dmmol 3L<br />

was to capable crch ievea bio<strong>de</strong>gradability improvement<br />

of 130 and 200 for initial pH l2and respectivehz<br />

Colour was <strong>de</strong>creasedv 4 using anrnitialpH 12 and<br />

by 60o at pH 1 indicating selective reaction of ozone<br />

with organic compoundspar ticularly those with higher<br />

molecular weight ranges The use ofozone resulted in a<br />

sign canr reduction of LITd fractions ofthe alkaline<br />

bleach effluentlfore thanS0 ofthe organic compounds<br />

with molecular weight higher than 5 Kg mot 3were re<br />

moved during the application of ozone<br />

Acknawl edg emen ts<br />

The grant awar<strong>de</strong>d to Daniel R Ie<strong>de</strong>iros Process<br />

20033 2006 8by Conselho1Vacional cle Deserzvolvimerz<br />

toCient co e Tecnologico CNPq Brasil is gratefully<br />

acknowledged as is Natural Sciences and Engineering<br />

Resecr rch Council of Canada TSERC for funding of<br />

this research Yve also would like to thank Hoare Sound<br />

Pulp and Paper for supplying the


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