Aspecte clinice ale sindroamelor de debut în schizofrenie - medica.ro
Aspecte clinice ale sindroamelor de debut în schizofrenie - medica.ro
Aspecte clinice ale sindroamelor de debut în schizofrenie - medica.ro
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INTRODUCERE<br />
Schizofrenia reprezintå o psihozå gravå care<br />
survine la adultul tânår, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> obicei c<strong>ro</strong>nicå, din<br />
punct <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> ve<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>re clinic caracterizatå prin semne<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> disociere mentalå, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> discordan¡å afectivå ¿i<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> activitate <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lirantå, incoerentå, care, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> general,<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>terminå o rupere a contactului cu lumea<br />
exterioarå ¿i o repliere autistå.<br />
PRACTICA MEDICALÅ<br />
CERCETAREA ªTIINºIFICÅ<br />
Tratamentul uzual al <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i, bazat pe<br />
mo<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lul biopsihosocial, presupune prescrierea <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
antipsihotice, interven¡ii psihoterapeutice ¿i sprijin<br />
familial ¿i social (1).<br />
Lucrarea are drept scop clasificarea tipurilor<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i, prezentarea particularitå¡ilor<br />
specifice acestora ¿i poate servi <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> calitate<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> ghid diagnostic atât pentru psihiatri, cât ¿i<br />
pentru medicii <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> p<strong>ro</strong>fil general.<br />
9<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>Aspecte</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>clinice</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>sind<strong>ro</strong>amelor</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
Clinical aspects of synd<strong>ro</strong>ms in the beginning of<br />
schizophrenia<br />
Dr. LUCIAN TRAIAN, P<strong>ro</strong>f. Dr. V. CHIRIºÅ, Dr. MARIA MAIDANIUC,<br />
ªef Lucr. Dr. ADORATA COMAN, P<strong>ro</strong>f. Dr. RODICA PETROVANU<br />
Universitatea <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> Medicinå ¿i Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Ia¿i<br />
Spitalul Clinic Universitar <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> Psihiatrie „Socola“, Ia¿i<br />
Ambulatoriu Specialitate „Sf. Spiridon„, Ia¿i<br />
REZUMAT<br />
Autorii prezintå <strong>ro</strong>lul factorilor endogeni ¿i exogeni la <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i.<br />
Material ¿i metodå. Studiul a fost realizat pe un numår <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> 100 <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> pacien¡i adul¡i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> cadrul Spitalului clinic<br />
Universitar <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> Psihiatrie „Socola“ din Ia¿i, la care boala a <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ceput så se manifeste <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ainte <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> 25 <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> ani (lotul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
bazå) ¿i pe 100 <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> pacien¡i (lotul martor), cu <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>tre 26 ¿i 40 <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> ani.<br />
Rezultate. Rezultatele ob¡inute au fost sistematizate ¿i ne oferå criterii <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> diagnostic <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> manifestårii<br />
simptomelor ¿i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>sind<strong>ro</strong>amelor</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> fazele ini¡i<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>.<br />
Cuvinte cheie: <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>, sind<strong>ro</strong>m, faze ini¡i<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
ABSTRACT<br />
The authors present the <strong>ro</strong>le of endogenous and exogenous factors in the beginning of schizophrenia.<br />
Material and method: The study inclu<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>d a number of 100 adult patients of “Socola” Universitary Psychiatric<br />
Clinic in Iasi at whom the disease manifested till 25 years old (main g<strong>ro</strong>up) and 100 patients (following g<strong>ro</strong>up)<br />
with schizophrenia, who have this disease till 26-40 years.<br />
Results: The obtained experience within work was systemized and is offering as diagnostical criteria of the<br />
initial manifestation symptoms and synd<strong>ro</strong>mes of schizophrenia.<br />
Key words: schizophrenia, synd<strong>ro</strong>me, initial states<br />
Dr. Lucian Traian, Universitatea <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> Medicinå ¿i Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Str. Universitå¡ii Nr. 16, Ia¿i<br />
PRACTICA MEDICALÅ – VOL. 4, NR. 3(15), AN 2009 171
ASPECTE CLINICE ALE SINDROAMELOR DE DEBUT ÎN SCHIZOFRENIE<br />
172<br />
MATERIAL ªI METODÅ<br />
Ne-am p<strong>ro</strong>pus så i<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ntificåm câteva indicii<br />
„cheie“ care så permitå medicilor <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> familie o<br />
justå orientare ¿i op¡iune <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> fa¡a unui pacient care<br />
prezintå elemente <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> sind<strong>ro</strong>mului <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>.<br />
Lucrarea a fost efectuatå <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> cadrul Spitalului<br />
Clinic Universitar <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> Psihiatrie „Socola“, Ia¿i, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
baza a douå loturi <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> pacien¡i. Primul lot <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> studiu<br />
a fost format din 100 <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> pacien¡i (50 bårba¡i ¿i 50<br />
femei) cu <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i sub 25 ani. Al<br />
doilea lot, martor, a fost format din al¡i 100 <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
pacien¡i (50 bårba¡i ¿i 50 femei) cu <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>tre 26 ¿i 40 <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> ani. Meto<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>le <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> cercetare<br />
au fost <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>clinice</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>, anamnestice ¿i statistice. A<br />
fost evi<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>n¡iat <strong>ro</strong>lul vârstei, antece<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ntelor premorbi<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>,<br />
factorilor interni (endogeni) ¿i externi<br />
(exogeni) <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>clan¿area <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i. <br />
Figura 1. Sind<strong>ro</strong>ame <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i<br />
CAZURI CLINICE<br />
Debutul lent cu ståri pseudonev<strong>ro</strong>tice a fost<br />
stabilit la un numår <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> 7% dintre cazurile studiate<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> aceastå lucrare. S-a constatat urmåtoarea<br />
expresie psihopatologicå: sind<strong>ro</strong>m anxios-fobic,<br />
Figura 2. Evolu¡ia <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butului <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> (bårba¡i ¿i femei).<br />
PRACTICA MEDICALÅ – VOL. 4, NR. 3(15), AN 2009<br />
anxios-hipocondriac, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presiv-fobic, dismorfofobic,<br />
tulburåri <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> somatizare.<br />
Simptomatologia pseudonev<strong>ro</strong>ticå nu este<br />
florentå, nu p<strong>ro</strong>voacå inadaptare socialå ¿i apare<br />
cu mult timp <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ainte <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>clan¿area stårii<br />
psihotice. La femei, ca ¿i la bårba¡i, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> altfel,<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul pseudonev<strong>ro</strong>tic se manifestå cu structuråri<br />
dizarmonice <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tip schizoid ¿i anankast, evoluând<br />
lent. Pacientele acuzau cef<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>e, vertij,<br />
fatigabilitate, anxietate, dispozi¡ie diminuatå, tremor<br />
general, simptome <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>personalizare. La<br />
femei, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lirul hipocondriac la etapa <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but este<br />
mai simplu ¿i mai ve<strong>ro</strong>simil. Pe parcurs, aceste<br />
tråiri se transformå <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lir <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> influen¡å, persecu¡ie<br />
¿i otråvire (1).<br />
Debutul acut pseudopsihopatic a fost constatat<br />
la 6% dintre pacien¡i cu tip <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> personalitate<br />
impulsiv. Spre <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>osebire <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> bårba¡i, femeile nu<br />
prezentau irascibilitate marcatå, mai rar foloseau<br />
båuturi alcoolice ¿i aveau un comportament mai<br />
a<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>cvat. Toate pacientele au avut <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> antece<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>nte<br />
traumatisme craniocerebr<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>, fapt care a contribuit<br />
p<strong>ro</strong>babil la fenomenul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> hipersexualitate<br />
¿i comportament impulsiv autolitic (2). Sind<strong>ro</strong>mul<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> „intoxicare metafizicå“, a fost <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>pistat doar <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
trei cazuri, evolua lent, avea con¡inut hipocondriac<br />
sau religios sårac, rudimentar spre <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>osebire<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> bårba¡i, care au prezentat acest sind<strong>ro</strong>m mai<br />
frecvent, mai florent ¿i mai bine sistematizat. La<br />
femei, interpretårile <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lirante se transformau <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lir cu structurå polimorfå, i<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> influen¡å,<br />
persecu¡ie, otråvire sau grandoare. La pacientele<br />
cu particularitå¡i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tip impulsiv frecvent se<br />
constata <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul precoce. Declan¿area etapei<br />
psihotice <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> aceste cazuri se manifesta cu<br />
simptomatologie halucinator – paranoidå cu sau<br />
fårå sind<strong>ro</strong>m (incomplet) Kandinski-Clerambault.<br />
Structura <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lirantå complexå persista <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
continuare <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tabloul clinic.<br />
Debutul acut cu sind<strong>ro</strong>m halucinatorparanoid,<br />
cu sau fårå sind<strong>ro</strong>m Kandinski-<br />
Clerambault, s-a constatat <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> 24% dintre cazuri,<br />
cu prepon<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ren¡å la pacientele cu structurare
dizarmonicå <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tip schizoid. Maladia s-a <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>clan¿at<br />
acut, cu disomnii, instabilitate a dispozi¡iei, cu<br />
predominare a stårii <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presive, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>realizare,<br />
anxietate, uneori agita¡ie psihomotorie, irascibilitate,<br />
comportament bizar, dificultå¡i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> concentrare<br />
a aten¡iei, mentism. În continuare, se<br />
asociau <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lirul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> persecu¡ie, influen¡å, otråvire,<br />
halucina¡ii olfactive sau gustative <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>zap<strong>ro</strong>bante,<br />
pseudohalucina¡ii, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lir hipocondriac care putea<br />
evolua cåtre sind<strong>ro</strong>mul Cotard (3). Uneori, i<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ile<br />
hipocondriace se asociau cu dismorfofobii, substituind<br />
astfel, spre <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>osebire <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> adul¡i, etapa<br />
paranoicå la acest lot <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> paciente. Sind<strong>ro</strong>mul<br />
paranoic la etapa <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but este rar <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>pistat, apare<br />
pe fundalul structurårii dizarmonice <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> personalitate,<br />
¿i are un con¡inut legat <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tråirile pacientului.<br />
În 12% dintre cazuri, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul acut <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
schizofrenia paranoidå a coincis cu graviditatea,<br />
perioada postpartum ¿i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> lacta¡ie. La aceste<br />
paciente, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> structura tabloului psihopatologic s-a<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>pistat triada <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presivå asociatå cu simptomul<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>realizare.<br />
Debutul paranoid s-a constatat <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> rândul a<br />
6% dintre cazuri, acesta apårând, ca ¿i la bårba¡i,<br />
la vârsta <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> 17-25 ani, dar se <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>zvoltå mai acut.<br />
Pe un fundal <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presiv sever se constatå o stare<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> anxietate p<strong>ro</strong>nun¡atå, insomnie, dificultå¡i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
concentrare, senza¡ia <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> „gol i<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ativ“, simptome<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>personalizare. Interpretårile <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lirante <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tip<br />
hipocondriac ¿i otråvire evolueazå spre <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lirul<br />
hipocondriac ¿i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> otråvire. Pe parcurs se asociazå<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lirul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> rela¡ie, persecu¡ie ¿i influen¡å.<br />
Debutul cu simptomatologie <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presivå a<br />
fost stabilit <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> 5% dintre cazuri. Ca regulå, boala<br />
se <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>clan¿a acut dupå interven¡ia unor factori<br />
stresan¡i sau <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> perioada postpartum. La prima<br />
internare a fost constatat sind<strong>ro</strong>mul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presiv,<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presiv-hipocondriac ¿i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presiv-<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lirant. În<br />
etapa ini¡ialå a maladiei, personalitå¡ile <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tip<br />
anankast prezentau tulburåri afective p<strong>ro</strong>nun¡ate<br />
exprimate prin triste¡e, anxietate, senza¡ie <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
vinovå¡ie, i<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> autoacuzare, autoumilire sau<br />
tendin¡e autolitice. Vectorul i<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ilor <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presive, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
majoritatea cazurilor, era <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>su¿i pacientul. Afectul<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presiv se asocia cu sind<strong>ro</strong>m <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>realizare ¿i<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>personalizare. În cazurile când <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presia era<br />
asociatå cu anxietate ¿i agita¡ie, erau manifeste<br />
reac¡ii distimic – disforice <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> pacien¡ilor. Alt tip<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> evolu¡ie al acestui tip <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but s-a manifestat<br />
cu simptomatologie <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presiv-hipocondriacå <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
cadrul cåreia, ini¡ial, pe fundalul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>primat – anxios<br />
se conturau i<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ile hipocondriace evoluând, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
continuare, pânå la sind<strong>ro</strong>mul Cotard. Acest tip<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but este specific personalitå¡ilor <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tip<br />
schizoid. În continuare, simptomatologia se transforma<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> sind<strong>ro</strong>m halucinator-paranoid.<br />
ASPECTE CLINICE ALE SINDROAMELOR DE DEBUT ÎN SCHIZOFRENIE<br />
Stårile <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presive <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i<br />
paranoi<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> la pacien¡ii tineri <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>buteazå cu sind<strong>ro</strong>mul<br />
astenoanergic manifestând tulburåri<br />
afective, disforii, i<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> autoacuzare, diverse i<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i<br />
prev<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>nte, dismorfofobii, i<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>personalizare,<br />
ståri psihastenice ¿i cenestopatii. <br />
REZULTATE<br />
Rezultatele ob¡inute ne-au permis så comparåm<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>tre lotul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> pacien¡i bårba¡i ¿i lotul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
paciente <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> sex feminin a particularitå¡ilor clinicoevolutive:<br />
1. Conform rezultatelor ob¡inute, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul<br />
pseudonev<strong>ro</strong>tic, pseudopsihopatic acut ¿i cu<br />
sind<strong>ro</strong>m halucinator-paranoid se constatå ap<strong>ro</strong>ximativ<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> egalå måsurå pentru femei ¿i pentru<br />
bårba¡i.<br />
2. Debutul cu simptomatologie <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presivå este<br />
mai <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>s <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>tâlnit la femei, iar <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul cu „intoxicare<br />
metafizicå“ la bårba¡i.<br />
3. În func¡ie <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> acuitatea <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butului <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> lotul<br />
studiat, s-a stabilit <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul cu evolu¡ie acutå <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
rândul a 23% dintre pacien¡i ¿i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul cu evolu¡ie<br />
lentå <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> rândul a 27% dintre pacien¡i.<br />
4. Prezintå interes sind<strong>ro</strong>mul diagnosticat la<br />
prima internare ¿i cadrul nozologic <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> care a fost<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>cadrat. Încadrarea nozologicå <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> ambele loturi<br />
nu a prezentat diferen¡e semnificative. S-au<br />
constatat diferen¡e sind<strong>ro</strong>mologice la prima<br />
internare <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> ambele loturi.<br />
5. Debutul cu evolu¡ie acutå este constatat<br />
mai frecvent la femei – 39% dintre paciente, iar<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul cu evolu¡ie lentå s-a <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>pistat mai frecvent<br />
la bårba¡i – 40% dintre pacien¡i. În lotul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> bazå,<br />
la spitalizare predomina sind<strong>ro</strong>mul halucinatorparanoid<br />
¿i Kandinski-Clerambault – 23% dintre<br />
cazuri, iar <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> lotul martor acest sind<strong>ro</strong>m a constituit<br />
doar 13% dintre cazuri.<br />
6. Sind<strong>ro</strong>mul paranoid a predominat <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> lotul<br />
martor – 18% dintre cazuri, iar <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> lotul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> bazå<br />
frecven¡a a fost <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> douå ori mai micå – nouå<br />
cazuri. Sind<strong>ro</strong>amele pseudonev<strong>ro</strong>tic ¿i pseudopsihopatic<br />
la prima spitalizare au predominat <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
6 ori mai mult la pacien¡ii <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> lotul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> bazå comparativ<br />
cu lotul martor.<br />
7. În cazul celorlalte sind<strong>ro</strong>ame, datele sunt<br />
ap<strong>ro</strong>ximativ eg<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>. În lotul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> bazå la femei <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul maladiei predominå simptomatologia<br />
halucinator-<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lirantå (48%). La bårba¡i, aceastå<br />
simptomatologie se <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>pisteazå doar <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> 26% dintre<br />
cazuri, iar sind<strong>ro</strong>mul halucinator-<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lirant la ei se<br />
combinå cu simptome <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> pseudoparafrenie –<br />
6%, ceea ce nu este tipic sexului feminin.<br />
8. La femei, la <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul maladiei <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> 10% cazuri<br />
s-a constatat simptomatologie <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presivå, ceea ce<br />
nu este tipic bårba¡ilor <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> lotul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> bazå.<br />
PRACTICA MEDICALÅ – VOL. 4, NR. 3(15), AN 2009 173
ASPECTE CLINICE ALE SINDROAMELOR DE DEBUT ÎN SCHIZOFRENIE<br />
174<br />
9. Debutul cu intoxicare metafizicå a fost<br />
constatat la bårba¡i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> 22% dintre cazuri, iar la<br />
femei doar <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> 4%. Conform cu opiniile unor<br />
autori, la bårba¡i schizofrenia paranoidå <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>buteazå<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> general mai <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>vreme <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>cât la femei ¿i<br />
evolueazå mai malign.<br />
10. În cazurile investigate n-au fost ob¡inute<br />
rezultate semnificative referitor la <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul bolii<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> func¡ie <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> vârstå sau sex <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> ambele loturi. La<br />
intervalul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> vârstå 19-25 ani, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> lotul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> bazå<br />
predominau u¿or bårba¡ii (raportul 33 la 30).<br />
Vârsta medie la bårba¡i a fost <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> 20-22 ani, iar<br />
la femei 20-26 ani. <br />
DISCUºII<br />
Analizând datele ob¡inute, am ajuns la concluzia<br />
cå, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> majoritatea cazurilor, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>clan¿area<br />
shizofreniei paranoi<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> la bårba¡i sub vârstå <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
25 <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> ani are un <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but predominant lent, cu<br />
simptomatologie pseudonev<strong>ro</strong>ticå pseudopsihopaticå,<br />
sind<strong>ro</strong>m <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> „intoxicare metafizicå“. Debutul<br />
acut se constatå mai rar ¿i se manifestå cu<br />
simptomatologie halucinator-<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lirantå cu sau fårå<br />
sind<strong>ro</strong>m Kandinski-Clerambault (2).<br />
Au fost <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>pistate particularitå¡i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> raportul tipul<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but – tip <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> personalitate <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> ambele loturi.<br />
Pentru tipul impulsiv <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> personalitate, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i se manifestå cu simptome psihopatoi<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
sau pseudonev<strong>ro</strong>tice, „intoxicare metafizicå“,<br />
simptomatologie halucinator-paranoidå,<br />
inclusiv cu simptome parafrene. În cazul tipului<br />
schizoid au predominat sind<strong>ro</strong>amele paranoi<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>,<br />
halucinator–paranoi<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>, halucinator-paranoi<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
cu simptome pseudoparafrene, mai rar sind<strong>ro</strong>mul<br />
pseudonev<strong>ro</strong>tic, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presiv ¿i sind<strong>ro</strong>mul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
„intoxicare metafizicå“. Pentru tipul anankast, este<br />
tipic <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul halucinator–paranoid ¿i pseudopsihopatic,<br />
iar pentru cel hipertim, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul<br />
paranoid (4). Debutul cu „intoxicare metafizicå“<br />
s-a stabilit la persoanele <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tip impulsiv ¿i s-a<br />
manifestat mai frecvent cu <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>lir religios, mai rar<br />
Figura 3. Tip <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> personalitate <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> func¡ie <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> apartenen¡a sexualå <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> ambele loturi (lotul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
bazå ¿i lotul martor).<br />
PRACTICA MEDICALÅ – VOL. 4, NR. 3(15), AN 2009<br />
hipocondriac. Sind<strong>ro</strong>mul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> „intoxicare metafizicå”<br />
¿i structurårile dizarmonice <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> personalitate<br />
substituie par¡ial etapa paranoicå a <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i<br />
paranoi<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> lotul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> bazå. Debutul pseudopsihopatic<br />
se constatå mai frecvent la personalitå¡ile<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tip impulsiv, iar cel pseudonev<strong>ro</strong>tic la<br />
pacien¡ii cu tråsåturi premorbi<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> anankaste.<br />
Debutul acut cu sind<strong>ro</strong>m Kandinski-Clerambault<br />
predominå la persoanele cu particularitå¡i<br />
schizoi<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>.<br />
Etapa incipientå a <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i paranoi<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> la<br />
femeile tinere sub 25 <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> ani este asociatå a<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>seori<br />
cu structuråri dizarmonice <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tip anankast ¿i<br />
diferå <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> manifestårile pre<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>clinice</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> la bårba¡i, care<br />
prezintå, cu prepon<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ren¡å tråsåturi <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tip impulsiv<br />
¿i schizoid (5).<br />
În majoritatea cazurilor, la femei maladia <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>buteazå<br />
acut cu tulburåri cognitive ¿i simptomatologie<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presivå, i<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> autoacuzare,<br />
dismorfofobii, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>personalizare, manifestând<br />
polimorfism clinic, pe când schizofrenia paranoidå<br />
la bårba¡i are mai frecvent un <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but lent ¿i<br />
insidios. I<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ile dismorfofobice, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>realizare ¿i 55<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>personalizare, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presiile atipice schizofrene la<br />
femeile din lotul <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> bazå substituie etapa paranoicå<br />
a <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i paranoi<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>.<br />
Personalitå¡ile cu structuråri <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tip impulsiv,<br />
prezentau <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> asemenea, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but prepon<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>rent<br />
halucinator-paranoid ¿i pseudopsihopatic, mai rar<br />
tipul paranoid ¿i pseudonev<strong>ro</strong>tic, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>så n-a fost<br />
constatat <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul halucinator-paranoid cu<br />
simptome pseudoparafrene ¿i „intoxicare metafizicå“.<br />
Se poate concluziona cå <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul halucinatorparanoid<br />
¿i psihopatoid este tipic pentru<br />
persoanele tinere cu particularitå¡i caracteri<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
tip impulsiv (5). Tipul schizoid <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> lotul martor a<br />
prezentat <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but halucinator-paranoid, inclusiv cu<br />
simptome parafrene, mai rar pseudonev<strong>ro</strong>tic,<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presiv sau „intoxicare metafizicå“. Pentru tipul<br />
anankast, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul tipic a fost halucinator-paranoid<br />
¿i pseudonev<strong>ro</strong>tic. Pentru lotul martor au fost
tipice <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>butul paranoid, <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presiv ¿i cu „intoxicare<br />
metafizicå“.<br />
Simptomatologia nespecificå ¿i polimorfå <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
etapa incipientå a <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i paranoi<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> la<br />
pacien¡ii sub vârsta <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> 25 <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> ani favorizeazå apari¡ia<br />
mai multor tipuri <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but (6). Cele mai<br />
frecvente sunt urmåtoarele:<br />
1. <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but cu „intoxicare metafizicå“– 13%<br />
cazuri.<br />
2. <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but cu ståri pseudonev<strong>ro</strong>tice – 16% cazuri.<br />
3. <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but cu ståri pseudopsihopatice – 13%<br />
cazuri.<br />
4. <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but paranoid – 13% cazuri.<br />
5. <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but acut cu sind<strong>ro</strong>m halucinator-paranoid<br />
– 37% cazuri.<br />
6. <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but halucinator-paranoid cu simptome<br />
pseudoparafrene – 3% cazuri.<br />
7. <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>but cu 56 <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> simptome <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presive exprimate<br />
prin i<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> autoacuzare ¿i tendin¡e<br />
autolitice – 5% cazuri. <br />
BIBLIOGRAFIE<br />
1. Tomorug EP – Despre <strong>ro</strong>lul factorului<br />
endocrin <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i ¿i contribu¡ia ¿colii<br />
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Schizofrenia, Edit. Dosoftei Ia¿i, 1997.<br />
ASPECTE CLINICE ALE SINDROAMELOR DE DEBUT ÎN SCHIZOFRENIE<br />
CONCLUZII<br />
1. În mod caracteristic, schizofrenia <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>buteazå<br />
cu simptomatologie <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presivå la<br />
persoanele <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> sex feminin, iar la bårba¡i<br />
cu „intoxicare metafizicå“.<br />
2. Debutul lent al bolii a predominat <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> lotul<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> studiu.<br />
3. Etapa incipientå a <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>i paranoi<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
la femeile tinere sub 25 <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> ani este<br />
asociatå a<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>seori cu structuri dizarmonice<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tip anankast ¿i diferå <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> manifestårile<br />
pre<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>clinice</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> la bårba¡i, care prezintå cu prepon<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ren¡å<br />
tråsåturi <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tip impulsiv ¿i<br />
schizoid.<br />
4. Debutul halucinator-paranoid ¿i psihopatoid<br />
este tipic pentru persoanele tinere<br />
cu particularitå¡i caracteri<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> tip impulsiv.<br />
<br />
3. Light GA, Hisu JL, Hsieh MH et al –<br />
Gamma band oscillations reveal neural<br />
network cortical coherence dysfunction in<br />
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2006, vol. 60 : 1231-1240.<br />
4. Parker S, Jews S – I<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ntification of young<br />
people at risk of psychosis. Advances in<br />
Psychiatria Treatment, 2006, vol. 12 : 249-255.<br />
5. Mihåilescu A, Neicu N, David E et al –<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>Aspecte</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> Clinice <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> Formelor <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> Debut <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng><br />
Vizita¡i site-ul<br />
SOCIETźII ACADEMICE DE MEDICINŠA FAMILIEI<br />
www.samf.<strong>ro</strong><br />
Schizofrenie. Unitatea Societã¡ilor <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> Stiin¡e<br />
Medic<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>ale</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>. Societatea <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> psihiatrie.<br />
Conferin¡a na¡ionalã <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> psihiatrie.<br />
Bucure¿ti, 19-21 noiembrie, 1964: 39-40.<br />
6. Chiri¡å A, Arsene S – Tulburarea<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>de</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>presivå, marker al evolu¡iei pe termen<br />
lung <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> <st<strong>ro</strong>ng>schizofrenie</st<strong>ro</strong>ng>. Terapie ¿i management<br />
<st<strong>ro</strong>ng>în</st<strong>ro</strong>ng> psihiatrie, Editura Medicalå Universalå<br />
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PRACTICA MEDICALÅ – VOL. 4, NR. 3(15), AN 2009 175