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<strong>Sisteme</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>calcul</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>timp</strong> <strong>real</strong><br />
1. La comunicarea <strong>in</strong>tre procese <strong>in</strong> SOTR QNX, un proces transmite un mesaj cu<br />
SEND<br />
catre un proces aflat <strong>in</strong> starea Blocat pe Receive. Pana le receptia mesajului <strong>de</strong><br />
raspuns,<br />
procesul emitator trece <strong>in</strong> starea:<br />
a) Blocat pe Reply<br />
b) Blocat pe Send<br />
c) Blocat pe Receive<br />
d) Cont<strong>in</strong>ua executia<br />
2. Care sunt factorii care limiteaza fizic <strong>in</strong>tervalul <strong>de</strong> esantionare a semnalelor<br />
analogice<br />
utiliz<strong>in</strong>d un micro<strong>calcul</strong>ator IBM PC si un modul <strong>de</strong> achizitie (ex: ADA2100)<br />
conectat pe<br />
pe bus <strong>in</strong>tern ?<br />
a) Tipul microprocesorului, frecventa tactului, viteza <strong>de</strong> conversie a CAN-ului.<br />
b) Distanta fata <strong>de</strong> traductoare si tipul acestora<br />
c) Modul <strong>de</strong> cablare, s<strong>in</strong>gle-en<strong>de</strong>d sau diferential<br />
d) Modulele <strong>de</strong> conditionare a semnalelor<br />
3. Care d<strong>in</strong>tre urmatoarele caracterizari referitoare la sistemele <strong>de</strong> <strong>calcul</strong> se poate<br />
aplica<br />
cel mai b<strong>in</strong>e la <strong>de</strong>f<strong>in</strong>irea sistemelor <strong>de</strong> <strong>calcul</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>timp</strong> <strong>real</strong>?<br />
a) <strong>Sisteme</strong>le <strong>de</strong> <strong>calcul</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>timp</strong> <strong>real</strong> sunt sisteme <strong>in</strong>teractive<br />
b) Sistemul permite executia concurenta a mai multor aplicatii, lansate <strong>de</strong> la<br />
term<strong>in</strong>ale locale sau la distanta, <strong>in</strong>clusiv achizitii <strong>de</strong> date.<br />
c) Sistemul accepta rularea concurenta a mai multor aplicatii, fiecare <strong>in</strong>tr-o<br />
fereastra utilizator dist<strong>in</strong>cta.<br />
d) Sistemul preia suficient <strong>de</strong> rapid datele <strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>trare, efectueaza prelucrarile si<br />
transmite rezultatele pentru utilizare suficient <strong>de</strong> rapid pentru a mai putea <strong>in</strong>fluenta<br />
<strong>de</strong>sfasurarea fenomenului la care se refera datale <strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>trare.<br />
4. Un<strong>de</strong> sunt amplasate modulele <strong>de</strong> conditionare a semnalelor <strong>in</strong>tr-un lant <strong>de</strong><br />
achizitie <strong>de</strong><br />
date controlat <strong>de</strong> un sistem <strong>de</strong> <strong>calcul</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>timp</strong> <strong>real</strong>?<br />
a) Ina<strong>in</strong>tea convertorului numeric-analogic<br />
b) Ina<strong>in</strong>tea traductoarelor, pentru protectia acestora<br />
c) Intre traductoare si circuitele <strong>de</strong> conversie a datelor<br />
d) Dupa convertorul analog-numeric, pentru memorarea si preprocesarea<br />
datelor.<br />
5. La <strong>in</strong>trarea CLK a primului contor al circuitului I8254 se conecteaza un generator<br />
<strong>de</strong>
tact <strong>de</strong> 5Mhz. In care moduri <strong>de</strong> lucru se poate programa circuitul astfel <strong>in</strong>cit sa<br />
genereze<br />
<strong>in</strong>treruperi la <strong>in</strong>tervalele maxime <strong>de</strong> <strong>timp</strong> specificate: (pentru un contor, doua contoare<br />
cascadate, 3 contoare cascadate)?<br />
a) Modul 0; <strong>in</strong>tervale <strong>de</strong> <strong>timp</strong> maxime: 13.1072ms (1 contor), aprox. 858.99<br />
sec.<br />
(2 contoare cascadate), aprox. 56294994 sec. ( 3 contoare cascadate ).<br />
b) Modurile 2 sau 3; <strong>in</strong>tervale <strong>de</strong> <strong>timp</strong> maxime: 13.1072ms (1 contor), aprox.<br />
858.99 sec. (2 contoare cascadate), aprox. 56294994 sec. ( 3 contoare cascadate ).<br />
c) Modurile 1 sau 4; <strong>in</strong>tervale <strong>de</strong> <strong>timp</strong> maxime: 65535ms (1 contor),<br />
65535*65535 ms (2 contoare), 65535*65535*65535ms (3 contoare cascadate).<br />
d) Modurile 1 sau 4; <strong>in</strong>tervale <strong>de</strong> <strong>timp</strong> maxime: 100ms ( 1 contor), aprox.<br />
10000ms (2 contoare cascadate), aprox. 1000000ms ( 3 contoare cascadate).<br />
6. Care este cea mai buna tehnica <strong>de</strong> programare a sistemelor <strong>de</strong> achizitie <strong>de</strong> date<br />
pentru<br />
aplicatiile <strong>de</strong> <strong>timp</strong> <strong>real</strong> <strong>in</strong> care se <strong>de</strong>sfasoara concurent procese <strong>de</strong> achizitie <strong>de</strong> date,<br />
generare <strong>de</strong> marimi analogice <strong>de</strong> iesire, <strong>in</strong>registrarea datelor <strong>in</strong> fisiere si monitorizarea<br />
procesului pe display?<br />
a) Intrari/iesiri bufferate<br />
b) Secventiala<br />
c) Poll<strong>in</strong>g sau <strong>in</strong>treruperi<br />
d) Programarea concurenta clasica<br />
7. Programele <strong>in</strong> general pot fi clasificate ca secventiale, multitask<strong>in</strong>g sau <strong>de</strong> <strong>timp</strong><br />
<strong>real</strong>.<br />
Care d<strong>in</strong>tre urmatoarele <strong>de</strong>scrieri ale unui program caracterizeaza cel mai b<strong>in</strong>e un<br />
program <strong>de</strong> <strong>timp</strong> <strong>real</strong>?<br />
a) Evolutia programului si rezultatele <strong>de</strong>p<strong>in</strong>d numai <strong>de</strong> efectele actiunilor<br />
<strong>in</strong>dividuale si ord<strong>in</strong>ea lor.<br />
b) Actiunile programului nu sunt disjuncte <strong>in</strong> <strong>timp</strong>, unele actiuni <strong>de</strong>p<strong>in</strong>d <strong>de</strong><br />
evenimentele d<strong>in</strong> lumea <strong>real</strong>a, iar comunicarea <strong>in</strong>tre anumite task-uri <strong>de</strong>p<strong>in</strong><strong>de</strong> si <strong>de</strong><br />
aceste<br />
evenimente.<br />
c) Evolutia programului <strong>de</strong>p<strong>in</strong><strong>de</strong> numai <strong>de</strong> s<strong>in</strong>cronizarea si comunicarea d<strong>in</strong>tre<br />
task-urile sale.<br />
d) Programul comunica cu drivere <strong>de</strong> I/E si programe TSR<br />
8. Modulul <strong>de</strong> achizitie <strong>de</strong> date ADA2100 cont<strong>in</strong>e pr<strong>in</strong>tre altele circuitele PPI I8255,<br />
PIT<br />
I8254, convertor analog-numeric si convertor numeric-analogic. Care d<strong>in</strong>tre<br />
secventele<br />
<strong>de</strong> program urmatoare se utilizeaza pentru programarea achizitiei pe un canal analogic<br />
<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>trare si pe 8 <strong>in</strong>trari numerice, consi<strong>de</strong>r<strong>in</strong>d BA adresa <strong>de</strong> baza a PPI I8255?<br />
Portul B se foloseste pentru selectia canalului analogic iar cuv<strong>in</strong>tul <strong>de</strong> control al I8555<br />
se<br />
construieste sti<strong>in</strong>d ca:<br />
cb7: are valoarea 1<br />
cb6, cb5: pentru GRUP A: 00-mod 0, 01-mod 1, 1x-mod 2
cb4: port A: 1 - <strong>in</strong>put, 0 - output<br />
cb3: port C (upper) : 0 - output, 1 - <strong>in</strong>put<br />
cb2: pentru GRUP B: 0 - mod 0, 1 - mod 1<br />
cb1: port B : 0 - output, 1 - <strong>in</strong>put<br />
cb0: port C (lower) : 0 - output, 1 - <strong>in</strong>put<br />
a) mov dx,BA+3 ; adresa CW<br />
mov al,0efh ; cuv<strong>in</strong>t <strong>de</strong> control<br />
out dx,al; <strong>in</strong>it<br />
mov dx,BA+1 ; adresa port B<br />
mov al,1 ; canal 1 achizitie<br />
<strong>in</strong> dx,al<br />
b) mov dx,BA+3 ; adresa CW<br />
mov al,090h ; cuv<strong>in</strong>t <strong>de</strong> control<br />
out dx,al ; <strong>in</strong>it<br />
mov dx,BA+1 ; adresa port B<br />
mov al,1 ; canal 1 achizitie<br />
out dx,al<br />
c) mov dx,BA+3 ; adresa CW<br />
mov al,08fh ; cuv<strong>in</strong>t <strong>de</strong> control<br />
out dx,al ; <strong>in</strong>it<br />
mov dx,BA+2 ; adresa port C<br />
mov al,1 ; canal 1 achizitie<br />
out dx,al<br />
d) modulul nu poate fi programat pentru a face achizitie si pe <strong>in</strong>trari analogice<br />
si<br />
pe <strong>in</strong>trari numerice simultan<br />
9. Daca un sistem <strong>de</strong> <strong>calcul</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>timp</strong> <strong>real</strong> pentru achizitie <strong>de</strong> date cu <strong>in</strong>terfata ADA2100<br />
este conectat la un <strong>calcul</strong>ator master pe un canal serial RS232 programat la 9600 biti<br />
pe<br />
secunda, un bit <strong>de</strong> stop si paritate para, care poate fi (aproximativ) rata <strong>de</strong> esantionare<br />
pe<br />
un canal analogic astfel <strong>in</strong>cit datele sa poata fi preluate fara pier<strong>de</strong>ri <strong>de</strong> catre<br />
<strong>calcul</strong>atorul<br />
master?<br />
a) 9600 esantioane/sec.<br />
b) sub 480 esantioane/sec.<br />
c) este limitata doar <strong>de</strong> <strong>timp</strong>ul <strong>de</strong> conversie al CAN.<br />
d) peste 513 esantioane/sec.<br />
10. La <strong>calcul</strong>atoarele compatibile IBM PC, sa se precizeze pe ce nivele <strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>treruperi<br />
sunt<br />
conectate <strong>in</strong>treruperile <strong>de</strong> la ceasul sistem, tastatura si COM1 precum si care sunt<br />
pozitiile corespunzatoare acestora <strong>in</strong> tabela vectorilor <strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>treruperi:<br />
a) la I8259-I: 0,1,4; <strong>in</strong> tabela: INT 8, INT 9, INT 0ch<br />
b) la I8259-I: 8,9,0ch; <strong>in</strong> tabela: INT 20h, INT 24h, INT 30h<br />
c) la I8259-I: 0,1,4; <strong>in</strong> tabela: INT 0, INT 1, INT 4<br />
d) la I8259-II: 0ah,0dh, 0fh; <strong>in</strong> tabela: INT 0ah, INT 0dH, INT 0fh
11. Executia task-urilor unui program <strong>de</strong> <strong>timp</strong> <strong>real</strong> multitask<strong>in</strong>g pe un <strong>calcul</strong>ator<br />
compatibil IBM PC cu SO MS-DOS poate fi planificata <strong>de</strong>:<br />
a) Sistemul <strong>de</strong> operare<br />
b) BIOS<br />
c) Un executiv <strong>de</strong> <strong>timp</strong> <strong>real</strong> multitask<strong>in</strong>g<br />
d) Nu este posibila executia aplicatiilor <strong>de</strong> <strong>timp</strong> <strong>real</strong> pe un astfel <strong>de</strong> <strong>calcul</strong>ator<br />
12. Un semnal d<strong>in</strong> proces are cea mai mare componenta <strong>de</strong> frecventa <strong>de</strong> 10 KHz. Care<br />
rata <strong>de</strong> esantionare d<strong>in</strong>tre cele specificate mai jos este corecta, pentru a se putea<br />
reconstitui d<strong>in</strong> esantioane, fara distorsiuni, semnalul <strong>de</strong> <strong>in</strong>trare?<br />
a) 1Khz<br />
b) 40Khz<br />
c) 10Khz<br />
d) se poate <strong>de</strong>term<strong>in</strong>a numai pr<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>cercari<br />
13. Atunci cand se utilzeaza multiplexarea <strong>in</strong>trarilor la un canal <strong>de</strong> conversie analog<br />
numeric, apare un <strong>de</strong>calaj <strong>de</strong> <strong>timp</strong> <strong>in</strong>tre citirea canalelor, datorat tipului necesar pentru<br />
conversie. Ce tehnica se poate utiliza pentru reducerea <strong>de</strong>calajului ?<br />
a) programarea <strong>in</strong> limbaj <strong>de</strong> asamblare<br />
b) folosirea circuitelor <strong>de</strong> esantionare/memorare simultane<br />
c) conectarea diferentiala a <strong>in</strong>trarilor analogice<br />
d) transferul DMA <strong>de</strong> la convertorul analog-numeric<br />
14. Intr-un program multitask<strong>in</strong>g cu planificare preemptiva, aparitia unui eveniment<br />
care<br />
activeaza task-ul cu prioritatea cea mai mare trece task-ul activ curent <strong>in</strong> starea:<br />
a) Inactiv<br />
b) Suspendat<br />
c) Gata <strong>de</strong> executie<br />
d) Inexistent<br />
15. In aplicatiile critice <strong>in</strong> raport cu <strong>timp</strong>ul, task-urile <strong>in</strong>tarziate se plaseaza <strong>in</strong> grupa<br />
<strong>de</strong><br />
prioritati asociata nivelului:<br />
a) <strong>in</strong>treruperilor<br />
b) <strong>de</strong> ceas<br />
c) dispecer<br />
d) <strong>de</strong> baza