bjd; Mg;hpf;fh ehl;oy; KUf tHpghLk; jkpH; bkhHpa[k;

fhuzkhf ,Ug;gjpy;]y r\jhaj;jpy; mth;fSf;Fs;s kjpg;g[k; mHpe;J nghf mJ tHp
tFj;JtpLk; … vd;W Twpdhh;.
bjd; Mg;upf;f
ehl;oy; Fonawpa jkpHu;fs; tuyhW
bjd; Mg;upf;f ehl;oy; cs;s elhy; vd;w efuj;jpy; ,Ue;j M';fpnya Kjyhspfspd;
Mjpf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j fUk;gh]yfspy; gzp g[upa ,e;jpa tk;rhtspapduhd bjd; ,e;jpah;fs; 1860
Kjy; 1911 Mk; Mz;L tiu m';F miHj;J tug;gl;ldh;;. elhypy; te;J Fonawpath;fspy;
\d;W gpuptpdh; ,Ue;jdh;. jkpH; bkhHp ngr kl;Lnk bjupe;j fPH;ep]yj; bjhHpyhspfs;;/ Fjpiu
bfhl;ls';fspYk;/ tpLjpfs;/ beL";rh]yfspy; cs;s czt[ tpLjpfs;/ mYtyf';fs; kw;Wk;
v$khdh;fspd; tPLfspy; gzp / kw;Wk; fhg;gf';fspy; gzpg[upa te;j ,uz;lhk; gpuptpdh;fs;.
mth;fSf;F jkpH; bkhHpapy; vGjt[k; gof;ft[k; bjupa[k; vd;gJ kl;Lk; my;y jLkhwpago rpy
M';fpy brhw;f]sg; gad;gLj;jf; Toath;fs;. jkpHpy;; ey;y g[yik bgw;wth;fs;/ M';fpyKk;
ed;F mwpe;jth;fs; vd;w \d;whtJg; gpuptpdh;fs;;. mth;fs m';F te;j tzpfh;fs;. mth;fs;
m';F te;J Fonawpa ,e;jpa tk;rhtspapdUf;F cjtpathWk; mth;fSf;Fs; rKjha/ fyhrhu/
,d ey;ypzj;jp]da[k; bgUf;fp te;jdh;.
Kjy; ,uz;L gpuptp[]dr; rhh;e;j kf;fs; jha; bkhHpapy; fy;tp bgwhjjpdhy; j';fSila
thupRfSf;F m';F te;J Fonawpa ,e;jpa kf;fspy; ,Ue;j ey;y fw;wwpe;j Mrpupah; \yk;
fy;tp mwpt[ g[fl;odh;. mth;f]s thj;jpahh; vd;w bgaupy; miHj;J ( FU) bfsutpj;jdh;. me;j
thj;jpahh;fs; \ynk ,uz;lhtJ kw;Wk; \d;whtJ tk;rhtspfs; jkpH; bkhHpiaf; fw;wupe;J
jkpH; rKjha fyhrhuj;ij g[upe;J bfhs;Sk; tifapy; fy;tp mwpt[ bgw;wdh;. mjw;F nty;
KUfnd ( tHpghL) xU khh;fkhf ,Ue;jhh;. mjw;Fj; njitahf ,Ue;jJ xU nty; kl;Lnk.
me;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; Kf;fpakhd rpy Myaj;jpy; nty; tHpghL bra;J Koj;jg; gpd; m';F
thj;jpahh;fs; vd;gth;fs; fy;tp fw;Wf; bfhLf;f mth;fs; brhy; ntj thf;fhf ,Ue;jJ. 1868
Mk; Mz;oy; nghu;l; lh;gd; vd;w ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;j fpnsh; v!;nll;oy;jhd; ,g;gog;gl;l
ghlKiwj; Jt';fpaJ. btspehl;oy; brd;W Fo g[Fe;jth;fs; gy;ntW f#;l';f]s
mDgtpj;jgo rpW rpW X]yf; Foirfspy; nfhtpy;f]s mikj;J fy;tp fw;f ntz;o ,Ue;jJ.
r\f kj tHpghl;L Kiw
jkpHh;fs; j';fs; tk;rhtspfs; bjhlu;e;J bra;J bfhz;L ,Ue;j Kiwapy; jdp egh; bja;t
tHpghL/ FLk;g njtij tHpghL/ fpuhkpaf; flt[s; tHpghL kw;Wk; cah; ep]y flt[s; tHpghL
- mjhtJ rptd;/ rf;jp. ehuhazh;/ bgUkhs; kw;Wk; KUfd; nghd;w flt[l;f]s tHpgLtJ -
vd m]dj;ija[k; filgpoj;J te;jdh;. Kjypy; Twg;gl;l \d;W tHp[ghl;o]d